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Background: Double-incision mastectomy (DIM) with free nipple grafts (FNG) is a common technique employed in gender-affirming mastectomy (GAM), but is associated with a high scar burden. Intraoperatively, the surgeon may opt for a single-incision mastectomy (SIM) along the inframammary folds (IMF) to optimize aesthetic outcomes. This study sought to identify factors predictive of intraoperative conversion., Methods: From February 2018 to November 2022, TGNB patients who underwent GAM at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Data regarding patient characteristics, perioperative details, postoperative complications, and aesthetic satisfaction were collected., Results: A total of 352 patients were identified. Median age and body mass index (BMI) were 25.0 years (IQR: 9.0) and 28.5 kg/m 2 (IQR: 8.5), respectively. Most patients received IMF incisions (n = 331, 94.0%); of whom, 66 (19.9%) underwent intraoperative conversion from DIM to SIM with FNG. Larger breast cup-size (p < 0.001) and a greater degree of ptosis (p = 0.002) preoperatively were significantly associated with intraoperative conversion to SIM. There was no significant association between intraoperative conversion and the ratio of intermammary distance to the width of the chest wall (p = 0.086). Overall complication rates were significantly higher among patients with diabetes mellitus (p = 0.015) and a greater degree of ptosis (p = 0.018). 77.8% (n = 274) of patients were satisfied with their aesthetic outcome. NPWT usage was associated with higher rates of aesthetic satisfaction (83.6% vs. 77.8%; p = 0.005)., Conclusion: Patients with larger breast cup size and greater degree of ptosis should be counseled preoperatively that they may be at a higher risk of conversion to a singular incision., (Copyright © 2024 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background  Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders. However, no studies examine how psychiatric disorders influence surgical and financial outcomes. This study aimed to assess impact of a psychiatric diagnosis on patients treated for HS. Methods  Patients with HS were retrospectively identified at a single institution from 2010 to 2021. Cohorts were stratified by the presence of a psychiatric disorder. Demographics, comorbidities, and disease characteristics were collected. Outcomes assessed included the procedural interventions and emergency department (ED) visits. Financial distress was assessed via the COST-FACIT Version 2 survey. Results  Out of 138 patients, 40 (29.0%) completed the survey of which 19 (47.5%) had a preexisting psychiatric diagnosis. No demographic differences were found between cohorts. Mean follow-up was 16.1 ± 11.0 months. The psychiatric cohort had a higher median number of surgeries received (7.0 vs. 1.5, p  < 0.001), a higher median number of ED visits (1.0 vs. 0, p  = 0.006), and a similar hospital length of stay ( p  = 0.456). The mean COST-FACIT score of the overall study population was 19.2 ± 10.7 (grade 1 financial toxicity). The psych cohort had a lower mean COST-FACIT score (16.8 vs. 21.3, p  = 0.092) and reported greater financial hardship (3.3 vs. 1.7, p  < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, a psychiatric diagnosis was predictive of lower credit scores, more ED visits, and a higher number of surgeries. Conclusion  Preexisting psychiatric conditions in patients with HS are associated with increased health care utilization and surgical intervention with substantial financial distress. Plastic surgeons should be cognizant of such comorbid disorders to facilitate holistic care addressing all patient needs., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest None declared., (The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ).)

Background and Purpose: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) commonly occurs in patients with sinonasal dysfunction, but the prevalence and severity of olfactory issues in adolescents with cystic fibrosis (AwCF) is unclear. OD may contribute to dietary deficiencies and exacerbate nutritional challenges. We sought to review literature on the effectiveness of medical and surgical management of sinonasal symptoms in AwCF and the associated impact on olfactory function., Methods: We performed a systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Ebsco CINAHL from 1980 to 2022 per PRISMA-ScR protocols to conduct a scoping review in an effort to compile data on study design, patient demographics, clinical characteristics and outcomes, along with risk of bias., Results: Of 368 abstracts, 3 articles exclusively evaluated AwCF for a total of 34 patients. Two studies evaluated endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and dornase alfa. An additional 6 articles were included for mixed pediatric and adult CF populations totaling 313 patients. Interventions included ESS, elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI), ivacaftor, saline, dornase alfa, hyaluronic acid, and hyaluronic acid-tobramycin combination. Outcome measures included subjective assessment of OD using non-validated (4/9) and validated (4/9) surveys, and psychophysical (1/9) smell testing. Studies evaluating ESS, FESS, dornase alfa, ivacaftor, and both hypertonic and isotonic saline reported statistically significant improvement in OD, whereas ETI failed to improve OD despite improvement in other quality of life measures., Conclusions: There is limited data regarding the impact of medical and surgical interventions on olfaction for AwCF. Assessment of olfaction was often limited to subjective and qualitative self-report. We suggest that tracking of olfactory outcomes with psychophysical testing is critical in this population with dietary challenges and weight management issues., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Proceed as no conflict., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: While advanced age is often considered a risk factor for complications following abdominal surgery, its impact on outcomes after complex open ventral hernia repair (VHR) with component separation technique (CST) remains unclear., Methods: A single-center retrospective review of patients who VHR with CST from November 2008 to January 2022 was performed and cohorts were stratified by presence of advanced age (≥60 years)., Results: Of 219 patients who underwent VHR with CST, 114 patients (52.1 ​%) were aged ≥60 years. Multivariate analysis demonstrated BMI to be an independent predictor for any complication (OR 1.1, p ​= ​0.002) and COPD was positively associated with seroma development (OR 20.1, p ​= ​0.012). Advanced age did not independently predict postoperative outcomes, including hernia recurrence (OR 0.8, p ​= ​0.766)., Conclusions: VHR with CST is generally safe to perform in patients of advanced age. Every patient's comorbidity profile should be thoroughly assessed preoperatively for risk stratification regardless of age., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that confers a substantial financial burden to patients. The aim of the current study was to assess the patient-reported financial impact of HS. Patients presenting to a wound center between 2010 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, comorbidities, and disease characteristics were collected. The financial impact of HS was assessed via the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity - Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (COST-FACIT) version 2 and investigator-generated surveys. Of 199 patients contacted, 27.1% (n = 54) completed the survey. The majority were women (77.8%, n = 42) and had private health insurance (n = 30; 55.6%). Most patients (66.7%, n = 36) had Hurley stage III disease. Mean follow-up was 2.3 + 2.8 years. The overall COST score was 19.7 + 12.4, indicating grade 1 financial toxicity (FT). Grade 0 FT was reported in 31.5% (n = 17) of patients, grade 1 in 37.0% (n = 20), grade 2 in 27.8% (n = 15), and grade 3 in 3.7% (n = 2). The mean self-reported 12-month out-of-pocket cost and credit scores were $2250 + 3269.24 and 674.6 + 95.3, respectively. Patients with private insurance had lower FT compared with Medicaid and Medicare (p = 0.003). Higher out-of-pocket costs were positively correlated with FT (p = 0.042), while higher credit scores were negatively correlated (p = 0.003). Patients with HS lesions in three or more anatomic regions reported the highest FT (p = 0.031). HS is a debilitating skin disorder that affects the livelihood of patients in a multifaceted manner. These patient-reported outcomes highlight the impact that HS has on an individual's financial security, calling for further attention to this vulnerable population., (© 2023 Japanese Dermatological Association.)

Plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS) academic positions are more coveted each year. We aim to determine the requirement of fellowship training before PRS academic appointments., Methods: PRS faculty at U.S. academic institutions associated with the American Society of Plastic Surgeons were identified. Outcomes studied included integrated versus independent training, fellowships, gender, academic title, years on faculty, and publications before current hire., Results: Of the 1052 PRS faculty identified, 646 were included across 41 states and the District of Columbia. Seventy-four percent were identified as men (n = 477), and 26.2% (n = 169) identified as women. Academic faculty were significantly more likely to have completed fellowship before hire than not ( p < 0.0001). An integrated route of training was associated with higher odds of fellowship completion before appointment (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.49-3.22). Odds of fellowship completion was significantly greater among faculty who graduated 5-10 years ago (OR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.48-4.41) and within the last 5 years (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.18-3.17). Professors were less likely to have completed fellowship training before appointment compared with assistant professors (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.33-0.80). Regarding gender, number of prior publications, or completion of another degree, no significant difference was found between fellowship- and non-fellowship-trained faculty., Conclusions: Although more plastic surgeons enter the field through a shortened integrated residency, the increasing demand for further subspecialization may cause significant challenges for upcoming graduates pursuing an academic appointment. Undergoing additional training considerably impacts social and financial decision-making early in surgical careers for newly graduated residents., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The American Society of Plastic Surgeons.)