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Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Dietary habits, inflammation, hereditary characteristics, and gut microbiota are some of its causes. The gut microbiota, a diverse population of bacteria living in the digestive system, has an impact on a variety of parameters, including inflammation, DNA damage, and immune response. The gut microbiome has a significant role in colon cancer susceptibility. Many studies have highlighted dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbiota's makeup, as a major factor in colon cancer susceptibility. Dysbiosis has the potential to produce toxic metabolites and pro-inflammatory substances, which can hasten the growth of tumours. The ability of the gut microbiota to affect the host's immune system can also influence whether cancer develops or not. By better comprehending these complex interactions between colon cancer predisposition and gut flora, new preventive and therapeutic techniques might be developed. Targeting the gut microbiome with dietary modifications, probiotics, or faecal microbiota transplantation may offer cutting-edge approaches to reducing the risk of colon cancer and improving patient outcomes. The complex connection between the makeup of the gut microbiota and the emergence of colorectal cancer is explored in this narrative review., (© Association of Microbiologists of India 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)