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Sleep hygiene can be defined as practicing habits that facilitate sleep; poor sleep hygiene is common among elite athletes, and improving this can be one way to enhance sleep indices. Given the large inter-individual variability of sleep, there is a need for further investigation into individualised sleep hygiene for elite female athletes, with consideration for the practical application of the method. Using a self-controlled time series design with repeated measures, n = 16 professional female footballers completed a 9-week study during mid-season. Monitoring of sleep (actigraphy, self-report) occurred at week 1, 4, 7 and 9-a control period occurred at week 2 and 3, and a subsequent intervention period occurred at weeks 5 and 6. Based on baseline sleep monitoring, media-based messages were designed with the purpose of giving a singular sleep hygiene message; all participants received these individualised messages daily across the 2-week intervention period at a standardised time of 8.00 p.m., with the intention of them actioning the sleep hygiene point. One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was conducted to assess the differences between control period, intervention period and follow-up for each measured variable. Significant differences were observed post-intervention for sleep efficiency (p < 0.001) and sleep latency (p < 0.001), whereas the athlete sleep behaviour questionnaire score significantly improved in the follow-up period (week 9) post intervention (p = 0.039). This is the first study to present this novel method of individualised sleep hygiene education for elite female athletes and is also the first study to demonstrate the use of sleep hygiene interventions to improve sleep factors for female athletes' mid-season. This demonstrates a promising, time-efficient approach to sleep hygiene education, with a potentially wide scope of application, as well as demonstrating there is indeed potential for elite female athletes to gain sleep improvements mid-season., (© 2025 The Author(s). European Journal of Sport Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH on behalf of European College of Sport Science.)

Exploratory data analysis involves observing data in graphical formats before making any assumptions. If interesting relationships or patterns among variables are identified, hypotheses are developed for further testing. This study aimed to identify significant differences in the levels of exhaustion, resilience, sleep quality, and sleep hygiene according to the personal characteristics of middle-aged women transitioning into menopause or postmenopause through exploratory data analysis. A total of 200 women aged 44 to 55 years were recruited online in August 2023. Data were collected using valid instruments and analyzed through data visualization, pattern identification in the visualized data, and hypothesis establishment based on the visualized patterns. Hypotheses were tested through the independent-samples t test, analysis of variance, and the Kruskal-Wallis test. A total of 11 patterns and corresponding hypotheses were identified. According to the statistically supported pattern-based hypotheses, middle-aged women who were in their perimenopausal period perceived themselves as unhealthy, had professional occupations, and had the highest level of exhaustion and the lowest levels of resilience, sleep quality, and sleep hygiene. This study demonstrated that data visualization is an efficient way to explore relationships or patterns between data. Data visualization should be considered an informatics solution that can provide insight in the field of healthcare., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: The objective was the comparison of an occlusal device (OD), and sleep hygiene and progressive muscle relaxation (SH & PMR) on perceived stress and sleep bruxism activity (burst/episode and episode/hour) in participants with sleep bruxism., Material and Methods: Sixty-six participants with self-reported sleep bruxism were selected and randomly allocated into two groups: OD group or SH & PMR group. Assessment of perceived stress and sleep bruxism activity were the primary outcomes. The Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10 scale) was used to measure perceived stress and bruxism episodes/hour and bursts/episode recorded by electromyography of masseter and temporalis. These outcomes were assessed at baseline, 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year. The paired t-test assessed changes in PSS-10 scores and sleep bruxism activity within the same group over different time points (baseline, 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year). The unpaired t-test compared scores between two groups (OD and SH & PMR) at each time point to evaluate intervention differences. The chi-square test compared gender distribution between both groups., Results: PSS-10 scores were found to decrease with the OD at 1 month and 6 months compared to baseline and SH & PMR at all subsequent follow-ups. This decrease was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) between the OD and SH & PMR groups at all follow-ups. OD and SH & PMR significantly reduced bruxism episodes/hour and bursts/episode at all follow-ups (p < 0.05). There were no adverse effects related to any intervention., Conclusions: The OD and SH & PMR both effectively reduced PSS-10 scores over 6 months and significantly decreased bruxism episodes and bursts per episode. Both methods are safe and effective for managing sleep bruxism and reducing stress., (© 2024 by the American College of Prosthodontists.)

Introduction: Determining sleep quality and duration and the factors influencing the quality of sleep among the military is crucial for designing effective interventions. Given the strict and demanding nature of the military setting, it becomes essential to explore factors impacting sleep quality in such a context. Additionally, research in the Middle East and among females on this subject is scarce. This study aims to investigate sleep quality and different sleep-related variables such as sleep duration and sleep hygiene practices in addition to the correlates of sleep quality among recruits., Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that included 178 (Mean age = 19 years) military recruits during their basic training at two medical military colleges in Jordan. Sleep quality and sleep hygiene practices were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) respectively. Physical activity and dietary behaviors were measured using the Arab Teens Lifestyle Study (ATLS)., Results: The majority of recruits demonstrated poor sleep quality (80%) and suboptimal sleep hygiene practices (mean SHI = 21) with significantly poorer sleep hygiene practices among male recruits. The average duration of actual sleeping hours per day was around 6 h (± 2.3 h). Multiple regression analysis showed that age and SHI score were positively associated with the global sleep quality score (PSQI), while sleep knowledge score was negatively associated with sleep quality among the whole sample (adjusted R 2  = 0.11). However, the association between sleep hygiene practices and sleep quality was not modified by gender., Conclusions: Jordanian military recruits on average had short sleep duration and poor sleep quality. Results showed that better sleep hygiene practices (especially among women) and more sleep knowledge (particularly among men) were associated with better sleep quality. Interventions that use cognitive and behavioral change methods to promote sleep hygiene and improve sleep knowledge are recommended to improve sleep quality among military recruits., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethics approval was obtained from the Royal Medical Services Human Research Ethics Committee in Jordan (3/2022). Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

This study aims to investigate the relationship between sleep hygiene and sleep quality in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to compare the sleep hygiene and sleep quality outcomes across three distinct groups: SSc patients, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and healthy controls (HC). This study employed an observational, cross-sectional, and parallel group design. SSc-related and RA-related variables, depression and anxiety were assessed. Physical function and quality of life, pain and fatigue of SSc patients were also evaluated. Sleep quality using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and sleep hygiene using the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) were evaluated for all participants. Linear regression analysis was performed to show the relationship between the SHI scores and the other variables. Total PSQI and SHI scores were found to be significantly higher in SSc patients than in RA patients and HC. Fatigue, smoking, all SF-36 domains, depression and anxiety scores were associated with SHI scores in SSc patients. In the univariate logistic regression analysis, SSc patients exhibited 4.50 times higher odds (95% CI 2.165-9.353, p < 0.001) of experiencing poor sleep than RA patients and HC. In SSc patients, for every incremental increase in SHI score, the odds of poor sleep quality were 1.15 times higher (95% CI 1.093-1.220, p < 0.001). Sleep hygiene and sleep quality exhibit a more pronounced deterioration in SSc patients. Inadequate sleep hygiene is associated with compromised sleep quality in SSc. Therefore, improving sleep hygiene practices may be a key strategy to enhance the overall sleep quality in this population., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Background: The skeletal muscle has mainly a structural function and plays a role in human's metabolism. Besides, the association between sleep quality and muscle mass, in the form of sarcopenia, has been reported. This study aimed to assess whether changes of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) over time are associated with baseline sleep duration and disturbances in a resource-constrained adult Peruvian population., Materials and Methods: Secondary analysis using information of a population-based intervention. The outcome was SMM assessed using bioimpedance and the second version of the Lee's formula. The exposures were baseline self-reported sleep duration (normal, short and long sleepers) and disturbances (sleep difficulties and awakening at nights). Crude and adjusted linear mixed models were used to assess the associations of interest, and coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervales (95% CI) were reported., Results: Data from 2,310 individuals at baseline, mean age 43.4 (SD: 17.2), and 1,163 (50.4%) females were analyzed. Sleep duration was 7.8 (SD: 1.3) hours/day, with 15.3% short sleepers and 11.6% long sleepers, whereas 24.2% reported sleep difficulties and 25.1% awakening at nights. In multivariable model, SMM among short and long sleepers did not vary significantly over time using the Lee's formula; however, SMM was lower at the end of follow-up for long sleepers using bioimpedance (-0.26 kg; 95% CI: -0.47 to -0.06). Sleep disturbances were associated with a gradual SMM reduction: 0.36 kg using bioimpedance and 0.25 kg using the formula at the end of follow-up., Conclusions: Using bioimpedance and formula estimations, sleep disturbances were associated with a reduction of SMM over a period of 2.4 years. Regarding sleep duration, no SMM changes over time were seen in short sleepers, but findings were discordant in long sleepers: a reduction of SMM using bioimpedance, but no change using the formula., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2025 Agurto-García RA et al.)

This perspective presents a new comprehensive proposal for sleep bruxism management.

Sleep is a major health issue for young adults. While sleep hygiene interventions have small-to-moderate effects, better outcomes might be achieved by delivering interventions individually to those reporting sleep difficulties, or in the presence of a supportive other or companion. To examine the feasibility, acceptability, and initial effects of an adapted sleep hygiene intervention for young adults with poor sleep, we conducted an ORBIT Phase IIb pilot randomized controlled trial (n = 51). Young adults with poor sleep were randomized to receive a sleep hygiene intervention individually or with a companion. Sleep patterns were measured at baseline and 4 weeks. Participants completed daily dairies and wore wearable devices for the month following the intervention. Attrition at follow-up was minimal (3.9%), and missing rates were low for diary data (8%), and in line with prior studies for wearable devices (14%). Participants expressed high levels of satisfaction with the study, with no differences between study arms. Significant effects were found postintervention for all participants, indicating improved sleep quality (t = 6.14, P < .001), greater sleep duration (t = 3.8, P < .001), and reduced daytime sleepiness (t = 2.13, P = .039). There were no significant differences in sleep efficiency pre and postintervention, or between study arms for any sleep outcome based on self-reported and objective data. Results from this pilot provide evidence for the feasibility and acceptability of a sleep hygiene intervention for young adults and lay the groundwork for a larger, fully powered study., (© Society of Behavioral Medicine 2024. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Objectives: Sleep is often compromised in adolescents, affecting their health and quality of life. This pilot-study was conducted to evaluate if implementing brief-behavioral and sleep-hygiene education with mindfulness intervention may positively affect sleep-health in adolescents., Method: Participants in this community-based non-randomized cohort-study volunteered for intervention (IG)- or control-group (CG). Sleep was recorded during regular school-schedule for 3-school-nights and 2-non-school-nights with an FDA-cleared/EU-Medical Device Regulation (CE-2862) compliant home sleep test, and Questionnaires were utilized to evaluate chronotype, sleepiness, insomnia-, anxiety- and depression-symptoms. The four-week intervention included sleep-hygiene education, mindfulness- and breathing-practices for one-hour, twice weekly. Data was collected during the last-week of February and first two-weeks of March 2023 and repeated after intervention., Results: Fifty-five participants completed the study, IG (86%) and CG (77%). Average age was 17.3-years and prevalence of severe social-jetlag (SJL) 72%. Participants who quit participation (n = 10) after baseline data-collection all females (3-IG/7-CG) in comparison to participants who completed the study were sleepier than the IG and CG (+ 2.6-p = 0.04; + 3.8-p = 0.001), with more symptoms of insomnia- (+ 3.8-p = 0.002; + 4.7-p < 0.0001), and depression (+ 16.7-p < 0.0001; + 19.6-p < 0.0001), and report being later-chronotypes, (-18.2, p < 0.0001;-13.1, p < 0.0001). On average the IG advanced sleep-onset (32-min; p = 0.030), decreased SJL (37-min; p = 0.011) and increased total sleep time (TST, 29-min; p = 0.088) compared to the CG. Average sleep duration did not differ significantly comparing IG and CG after intervention. Stratifying participants with severe SJL (> 2-h) at baseline; 1) responders (61%) advanced sleep-onset on non-school-nights (96-min) and decreased SJL (103-min; p < 0.001) 2) non-responders (39%) increased sleep-duration on school-nights (36-min) and non-school-nights (63-min) but maintained severe-SJL., Conclusion: Teacher-lead sleep-education and mindfulness program can improve TST and SJL in adolescence., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics statement: The study protocol was approved by the National Institute of Bioethics Committee (VSN-22–174) and recruitment procedures met the local Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). Informed consent was obtained from all individuals participating in the study. All procedures performed during the study were in accordance with ethical standards of the institutional committee and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Conflict of interest: S.M is Chief Medical Officer for MyCardio LLC and has partial ownership. SleepImage is the brand name of MyCardio LLC, a privately held entity. MyCardio LLC is a licensee of the Cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) algorithms, a method to phenotype sleep and sleep apnea, from the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. H.H is Director of Research & Development for MyCardio LLC. SleepImage is the brand name of MyCardio LLC, a privately held entity. All other authors declare no conflict of interest. Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process: During the preparation of this work the authors DID NOT use generative AI, AI-assisted or Large Language Models (LLMs) technologies in the writing process nor does the SleepImage technology utilized in this study utilize AI., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Changes in social zeitgebers across the lifespan affect the interaction between biological and social clocks, potentially contributing to social jetlag. Extant literature suggests a reduction in social jetlag given declining social obligations occurring after retirement, but is limited to self-reported methods and cross-sectional designs. Leveraging longitudinal and ecologically valid data from consumer sleep technology, we analysed objective sleep data from 2439 users of the polysomnography-validated SleepScore mobile application, encompassing 500,415 total nights recorded. We examined the relationship between age as a continuous variable, age as a proxy for retirement status, and social jetlag. Additional linear models were employed to assess the effect of self-reported chronotype, average reported daily caffeine, alcohol and stress on social jetlag. There was a significant negative association between overall age and social jetlag (β = -0.64, t = -9.90, p < 0.001, effect size = 0.040), such that every 1-year increase in age corresponded with a 0.64-min reduction in social jetlag. The inclusion of self-reported chronotype, stress, caffeine and alcohol increased the explanatory power of our models slightly, but the effect of age remained consistent (β = -0.642, t = -8.91, p < 0.001, effect size = 0.046). Retirement-aged individuals exhibited nearly 50% less reduction in social jetlag than pre-retirement (30.6 ± 48.2 min versus post-retirement: 15.8 ± 41.6 min, p < 0.0001). While social jetlag after retirement was most pronounced for strong evening chronotypes (β = -0.41, t = -2.876, p = 0.004, effect size = -0.4276), pairwise comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences in the slopes between chronotypes (p > 0.05). Thus, jetlag decreases across the lifespan, and its reduction appears to be amplified post-retirement even after accounting for behavioural factors., (© 2025 European Sleep Research Society.)

Study Objectives: Sleep is essential for proper function of the mind and body. Studies report the effect of sleep problems on cognition but focus on only a single or limited number of sleep indicators or on clinical populations (e.g., sleep apnea), and/or provide only cross-sectional results. This study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between multidimensional assessment of sleep health and cognitive function., Methods: 3398 adults (M age =56years) provided self-reported sleep and objective cognitive data for the Midlife in the United States study. A subsample of 2119 participants also provided sleep and cognitive data at follow-up approximately 9years later. A multidimensional, composite measure of sleep health composed of regularity, satisfaction, alertness, efficiency, and duration based on the Ru-SATED model was utilized (higher score=better sleep health) to evaluate self-reported sleep, and cognitive function was assessed using the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone., Results: Cross-sectionally, better sleep health was associated with better cognition (B=0.121, SE=0.017, p<.001). This relationship remained significant even after adjusting for sociodemographic and health covariates (B=0.039, SE=0.014, p=.006). Longitudinally, improvement in sleep health from baseline to follow-up was associated with better cognitive performance at follow-up (B=0.031, SE=0.011, p=.004); however, this relationship did not remain significant after adjusting for covariates (B=0.015, p=.139)., Conclusion: Findings suggest better sleep health measured across multiple domains is associated with higher cognitive function. Future studies may want to examine potential mechanisms by which better sleep health relates to better cognitive function over time, such as reduction in stress or inflammation., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicts of interest Authors disclose no financial or non-financial conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Napping during night shifts is a countermeasure against fatigue and sleepiness, which both impact patient safety. However, there is insufficient evidence on how nurses nap, especially concerning their napping quality. This study explored night-shift napping and its associated factors among nurses, considering napping quantity and quality, to mitigate fatigue and sleepiness., Methods: This month-long prospective observational study included 32 nurses working 16-h night shifts in a general ward. All nurses responded to questions on individual factors, while fatigue and sleepiness were checked four times during night shifts. Night-shift napping was measured using a wearable device and classified into six groups: time in bed [TIB] > 180 min and sleep efficiency [SE] ≥ 70%, TIB > 180 min and SE < 70%, TIB 120-180 min and SE ≥ 70%, TIB 120-180 min and SE < 70%, TIB < 120 min and SE ≥ 70%, and TIB < 120 min and SE < 70%., Results: Most nurses (81.2%) worked four night shifts per month, and 105 night shifts in which nurses intended to nap were analyzed. The two nap conditions (TIB 120-180 min and SE ≥ 70%, TIB > 180 min and SE ≥ 70%) were not worse than other nap conditions in fatigue and sleepiness at the end of the night shift and change in fatigue from the start to the end of the night shift. Sleep reactivity, pre-nap time on electronic devices, and prophylactic naps taken before the night shift were each the common factors related to napping for TIB ≥ 120 min and SE ≥ 70%., Conclusions: Nurses working long night shifts should consider both sufficient napping quantity and good napping quality. We suggest aiming for a TIB of at least 120 min and a SE of at least 70% to mitigate fatigue and sleepiness at the end of a night shift. Assessing sleep reactivity, pre-nap time on electronic devices, and prophylactic naps may be useful in achieving both quantity and quality effectively. Nurses and their managers should have a better understanding of napping and consider strategically taking naps during night shifts., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University and the investigated hospital (Reference No. 21–42, September 2021). This study aims and methods were explained orally and in writing to the nurses. They were also informed that they would not be penalized if they refused to participate, that they could withdraw from this study at any time, and that their anonymity would be protected. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Consent for publication: Consent for publication was obtained together from all participants when written informed consent was obtained. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Sleep is a key component of a healthy lifestyle and the Center for Disease Control (CDC) and prevention recommends that adults get at least 7 hours of sleep each night. Within the United States, West Virginia is among the most sleep-deprived states with 42% of the population reporting insufficient sleep per the CDC. Sleep insufficiency in rural populations is linked to disparities in health and accessibility to health care services. The study evaluated the impact of sleep hygiene (SH) education on sleep duration and quality., Methods: A 12-week randomized controlled trial of participants residing in Harrison County, WV. Baseline data included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and sleep duration as recorded by a sleep wearable. The intervention included an SH video on weeks 3 and 5. The control arm did not receive intervention but were allowed to cross over and receive intervention at week 8., Results: A total of 100 participants (61 females) were recruited from the community. No changes in sleep duration were observed in intention to treat analysis between Arm 1 and Arm 2 at 7 weeks. In the treatment analysis, the compliant cohort demonstrated a significant increase of 31 minutes mean sleep duration (P = .01) as well as an improvement in the PSQI (6.30 to 5.68 by week 12, P = .05)., Conclusion: The study demonstrates that the introduction of a modest SH intervention may have a beneficial effect on the duration and quality of sleep in a rural community., Clinicaltrials: gov Identifier: NCT04849572., (© 2025 National Rural Health Association.)

Sleep stewardship is a systematic effort to ensure relaxed and restorative sleep, by optimizing pre-sleep, intra-sleep and post-sleep environment and ambience, in a rational manner. It includes not only sleep hygiene and prevention of sleeping pill abuse, but also macro- and meso-level interventions to improve sleep quality. The person living with sleep disorder, their family, members of society, health care professionals, and policy makers: all have a role to play in sleep stewardship. Sleep stewardship is necessary to improve and maintain human health.

Background: Sleep insufficiency is known to negatively impact on glucose metabolism. Consequently, there is interest in determining the impact of improving sleep on glucose metabolism. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies that aimed at improving sleep using cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and/or sleep hygiene or sleep extension on glucose metabolism., Methods: Searches were performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane. We included studies featuring adults≥18years, a sleep intervention and glycaemic measurements. The pooled mean differences were calculated by the inverse variance method., Results: 24 studies (15 CBT-I and/or sleep hygiene; 9 sleep extension) were included. Meta-analysis of 12 studies ( n = 2,044) of CBT-I and/or sleep hygiene demonstrated a significant reduction in HbA1c of 0.27% (95% CI 0.07, 0.47, I 2 74%, p = 0.008) compared to control. In T2DM ( n = 1,911; 9 studies), HbA1c level decrease was 0.43% (0.19, 0.67, I 2 59%, p = 0.0004). There were no significant changes in fasting blood glucose analyses nor in any sleep extension intervention. For quality assessment, only 9 studies had low concern., Conclusions: Using CBT-I and/or sleep hygiene interventions led to significant reductions in HbA1c levels, which were clinically meaningful in T2DM. Addressing sleep insufficiency should be an integral part of diabetes care., Registration: PROSPERO Identification number: CRD42022376606., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Background: Sleep hygiene measures and meditation may reduce stress and improve sleep quality, but their effect on the occurrence of sleep bruxism in children has not yet been investigated., Aim: To explore the effects of sleep hygiene measures combined with mindfulness meditation (relaxation audio) in the management of probable sleep bruxism (SB) in children., Design: This clinical trial (no. NCT04501237) randomized 36 children with 3-8 years of age. Probable SB detection was performed according to the criteria established by the International Consensus on The Assessment of Bruxism-2018. Intervention group was instructed to practice sleep hygiene measures and mindfulness meditation (i.e., the use of a digital app to broadcast audio relaxation) each night before bedtime for 5 weeks; control group did not receive guidance for therapies. Parents completed a bruxism diary for 5 weeks, and the outcome was the number of SB episodes-day reported in the week (ranging from 0 to 7) in each period. A multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regression model was performed., Results: A total of 32 children (mean age: 6.1 years) completed the study. The children who received the therapies related to sleep hygiene measures and mindfulness meditation had a reduction in the SB incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 46% (IRR = 0.54 [Confidence Interval 95%, 0.45-0.65]) during a 5-week observation period. The sensitivity analyses did not show relevant changes in the measure of the effect., Conclusion: Sleep hygiene measures combined with mindfulness meditation reduced the SB in children., (© 2024 BSPD, IAPD and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Surgeons face intense stress, causing hormonal imbalances that harm their health, leading to burnout, chronic illness, and shorter lifespans due to their demanding careers., Purpose: This study explores self-care strategies focusing on sleep, nutrition, and exercise to help surgeons reduce stress and improve their overall well-being and quality of life., Research Design: A thorough literature review of physiological, metabolic, and psychological principles informed the development of a structured self-care approach., Data Collection And/or Analysis: We reviewed existing research on brain-body interactions, highlighting hormonal balance, nutrition, and exercise to mitigate chronic stress., Results: The review underscores the importance of quality sleep for hormonal balance and overall health. Proper nutrition, emphasizing balanced macronutrients and meal timing, supports health. Exercise should be 80% low-intensity aerobic activities, with 20% high-intensity. Combining these elements strengthens resistance to chronic stress and enhances health., Conclusions: A structured self-care approach, prioritizing sleep, followed by nutrition and exercise, effectively reduces stress among surgeons. This sequence improves well-being and quality of life. Surgeons should focus on consistent sleep, balanced nutrition, and regular low-intensity exercise to enhance resilience and achieve a fulfilling professional life., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

A 38-year-old paint technician who worked rotating shifts reported mild sleep disruptions and increased fatigue. The company's medical staff reviewed his work patterns, rest habits, and home environment. They introduced a personalized sleep hygiene program and adjusted his break schedule, allowing short, structured rest periods. They also provided simple handouts on proper home lighting, relaxation methods, and guidance on coordinating family meals. Within a few weeks, his sleep quality improved, and his energy levels stabilized. This case shows that a focused, family-oriented approach can help workers adapt to challenging shift patterns and maintain better health., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Jogie et al.)

Background: Sleep problems, pain, and depression are common issues in fibromyalgia. However, studies on sleep hygiene education to address these problems are limited in the literature. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the effects of sleep hygiene education given to individuals with fibromyalgia on their sleep quality, pain, and depression levels., Purpose: This experimental study was conducted to determine the effects of sleep hygiene education on sleep quality, pain, and depression in individuals with fibromyalgia., Design: This study was carried out using an experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group., Methods: Seventy individuals with fibromyalgia (35 experimental, 35 control) were included in the study. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The experimental group received sleep hygiene education, while the control group did not undergo any intervention., Results: The participants in the experimental group had lower PSQI, VAS, and BDI scores after the intervention. In the inter-group comparisons, there were statistically significant differences between sleep quality and pain scores of the groups after the intervention., Conclusions: Sleep hygiene education was found to be effective in improving sleep quality and alleviating pain and depression in individuals with fibromyalgia., Clinical Implications: Sleep hygiene education, which has been neglected in improving sleep quality and pain in the care of fibromyalgia, should be used in clinical settings., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Sleep disorders in children have a negative impact on mental and physical development, and a lack of sleep is one of the most important problems in infancy. At the age when naps are commonly accepted, the judgment of whether the amount of sleep is adequate has been based on the total amount of sleep per day. In other words, the idea is that even if the amount of sleep at night is insufficient, it is not considered insufficient if it is compensated for by taking a long nap or sleeping late on weekend mornings. However, these lifestyle habits disrupt the circadian rhythm and cause social jet lag, which is not appropriate for healthy mental and physical development. Therefore, in this review, I present the average required nighCime basic sleep duration (NBSD) of 10 h for Japanese and 11 h for Caucasian children as a judgment standard. (1) If the child sleeps less than 8 h at night, and (2) if the child sleeps less than 9 h at night or 30 to 60 min less than the required NBSD, immediate treatment is recommended. I also discuss briefly how to address sleep insufficiency in childhood.

Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Introduction: The relationship between blood distribution, body temperature, and sleep/wakefulness states is still unclear. The aim of the present study is to systematically review the potential beneficial effects of bedding strategies (e.g., mattress, mattress topper or pillow) on body cooling and night-time sleep., Material & Methods: This systematic review with meta-analysis searched PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science, from inception until March 4, 2024. We included randomized controlled trials aiming to investigate any type of bedding that induced body cooling compared to habitual sleep environment on sleep parameters in healthy adults. Two reviewers independently extracted data, appraised risk of bias by Cochrane tool, and estimated the mean differences between groups with 95% confidence interval. Meta-analyses and proportional meta-analyses were performed depending on the type of variable. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system., Results: From 3454 articles screened, 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, with the certainty of the evidence ranging from very low to low we found no differences between groups on sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, sleep proportion spent in each sleep stage (i.e. N1, N2, N3 and REM), wake after sleep onset, and total sleep time. Results could be interpreted with caution due to high heterogeneity in the estimated effects., Conclusion: With uncertainty of evidence, that ranged from very low to low, different bedding strategies had no effects on night-time sleep characteristics; however, the studies included into the qualitative synthesis suggested an effect of different bedding strategies on body cooling (i.e., lower core body temperature, p < 0.05) from an acute perspective. Future studies on various forms of bedding interventions susceptible to favour and maintain sleep through a positive body thermal effect are highly warranted., Prospero Registration: CRD42021275369., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Medical students are frequently affected by poor sleep quality. Since poor sleep quality has negative physiological and psychological consequences such as on executive function, there is an opportunity to improve sleep quality and executive functions using non-pharmacological intervention such as cognitive behavioural therapy., Objective: The aim of this study therefore is to determine if improving sleep quality could improve executive functions in medical students with poor sleep quality by comparing cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) with sleep hygiene education (SHE) in a randomized controlled trial (RCT)., Methods: A parallel group, RCT with a target sample of 120 medical students recruited from government-based medical universities in Malaysia. Eligible participants will be randomized to internet group CBT-I or internet group SHE in a 1:1 ratio. Assessments will be performed at baseline, post-intervention, 1 month, 3-months, and 6-months. The primary outcome is between-group differences in sleep quality and executive function post-baseline. The secondary outcomes include pre-sleep worry, attitude about sleep, sleep hygiene and sleep parameters., Results: This study received approval from the Research Ethics Committee in Universiti Putra Malaysia (JKEUPM-2023-1446) and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (JEP-2024-669). The clinical trial was also registered in Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN1264000243516). As of June 2024, the recruitment process is ongoing and a total of 48 and 49 students have been enrolled from the universities into the CBT-I and ISHE groups, respectively. All the participants provided signed and informed consent to participate in the study. Data collection has been completed for the baseline (pre-treatment assessment), and follow-up assessments for T1 and T2 for all the participants in both groups, while T3 and T4 assessments will be completed by July 2025. Data analysis will be performed by August 2025 and the research will be completed by December 2025., Conclusions: This study is the first attempt to design a CBT intervention to ameliorate poor sleep quality and its related negative effects among medical students. This research is also the first large-scale exploring the relationship between health status and CBT-mediated sleep improvement among medical students., Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12624000243516; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=387030., International Registered Report Identifier (irrid): PRR1-10.2196/59288., (©Vijandran Mariappan, Firdaus Mukhtar. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (https://www.researchprotocols.org), 11.12.2024.)

Bed-sharing can have a negative impact on infant sleep safety. In order to reduce the occurrence of bed-sharing with infants, it's necessary to shift the research lens from newborn parents to the antenatal stage before infant birth. Our study aimed to assess the attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions of pregnant women about bed-sharing based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). This cross-sectional study was conducted with 512 pregnant women in the obstetrics clinic of a tertiary hospital in China using convenience sampling. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires, consisting of demographic characteristics and a questionnaire for pregnant women on infant sleep safety based on TPB (12 items). Data were analyzed with SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 24.0. Structural equation modeling was carried out to verify the hypothetical model based on TPB. The results showed the average behavior intention score was 9.90 ± 5.14, indicating low intent for bed-sharing among pregnant women post-delivery. The Theory of Planned Behavior model explained 38.7% of the variance in bed-sharing intention, with attitude as the strongest predictor (β = 0.343, p  < 0.001), followed by subjective norm (β = 0.232, p  < 0.001) and perceived behavioral control (β = -0.210, p  < 0.001). This study highlights the importance of antenatal health education and behavioral intervention early in pregnancy based on TPB theory to enhance infant sleep safety and encourage changes in bed-sharing behavior.

Purpose: To translate two prominent sleep questionnaires, the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire 10 (FOSQ-10) and the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI), into Arabic., Methods: The translations adhered to the established international criteria and underwent subsequent validation among 130 Arabic-speaking athletes from Jordan and Qatar. The validation process involved comparison against existing Arabic sleep questionnaires to ensure linguistic and cultural appropriateness., Results: Of the 130 participants, 70 completed the test-retest for FOSQ and 58 the test-retest for the SHI. The internal consistency reliability was excellent for the Arabic FOSQ-10 (0.824) and the Arabic SHI (0.892). The assessment of test-retest reliability of the total score for both measures showed that the Arabic FOSQ-10 had moderate reliability (ICC = 0.468, 95% CI = 0.263-0.633), whereas the Arabic SHI had excellent reliability (ICC = 0.952, 95% CI = 0.921-0.972). Both newly developed Arabic sleep measures had significant associations with almost all other established Arabic sleep questionnaires, indicating good validity. Exploratory factor analysis identified 5 factors for FOSQ and 3 factors for SHI, with significant loadings indicating distinct domains related to sleepiness, tiredness, discomfort, behavior, and sleep patterns. Confirmator factor analysuis confirmed these factors for both FOSQ and SHI, though the RMSEA values (0.132 for FOSQ and 0.171 for SHI)., Conclusions: the Arabic FOSQ-10 and the Arabic SHI were established and showed satisfactory reliability and validity in athletes. Further studies are needed to validate those measures in Arabic clinical populations., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval: Was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the University of Jordan (IRB No. 43-2020). All participants signed a written informed consent after informing them about the purpose and procedure of the study.  Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

In 2022, healthy sleep was included as part of Life's Essential 8, which are a cluster of fundamental factors for cardiovascular health. In many studies, sleep duration and/or quality have also been found to be related to human health. The purpose of this narrative review was to present the relationship between the Mediterranean diet, the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, and the MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) diet and sleep quality and duration in different populations. A literature search was conducted based on the phrases "Mediterranean diet", "DASH diet", and "MIND diet" appearing together with "sleep" or "insomnia" in papers' titles or abstracts. Studies on obstructive sleep apnea or shift work were excluded. The electronic databases were searched via EBSCOhost. Main results: The vast majority of studies showed that there was a beneficial association between the three diets discussed in this review and sleep duration and/or quality; however, most of these results were obtained in cross-sectional analyses. There were only a few studies in which an association between sleep parameters and these diets was not observed. Direction for future studies: Taking into account the significant role of adequate sleep quality in various diseases, even in all-cause mortality, the implementation of randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies seems to be necessary to provide further evidence that would allow these associations to be confirmed. In conclusion, the results obtained so far in various populations strongly suggest that healthy dietary patterns abundant in plant foods, are associated with better sleep quality, as well as with a more adequate length of sleep.

Background: The relationship between sleep patterns and early childhood caries (ECC) has been variably explored, with emerging evidence suggesting significant interconnections. This systematic review aimed to synthesize existing research findings on the influence of sleep hygiene on ECC incidence, focusing on how variations in sleep quality and routines impact dental health in children., Methods: The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria to ensure rigor and transparency. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across various databases., Results: The collective analysis revealed a consistent linkage between poor sleep quality or irregular sleep patterns and higher ECC incidence. Common findings across the reviewed studies included the negative impact of late sleep onset and the beneficial effects of structured bedtime routines on ECC risk. While all studies agreed on the general influence of sleep quality on dental health, differences were noted in the emphasis on specific sleep disturbances, parental roles, and broader developmental outcomes linked to sleep hygiene., Conclusion: Sleep hygiene plays a critical role in the incidence of ECC, with both general sleep patterns and specific nighttime routines contributing to dental health outcomes. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving sleep hygiene could be beneficial in ECC prevention., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)

Purpose: Poor sleep quality is a global health problem for adolescent. The aim of this study was to examine how sleep education, with or without social media reminders, affects sleep quality in adolescents aged 14 to 18., Methods: The study was a three-center, parallel-arm, randomized controlled study, recruiting participants from September 9, 2019, to January 6, 2020. Adolescents with poor sleep quality and sleepiness, using smartphones apps and internet browser, without chronic diseases, and obesity, and without mental problems were included in the study. Primary outcomes were sleep quality, sleepiness, sleep hygiene, and sleep parameters at week 5 as measured by subjective report scales and actigraphy. Sleep quality was measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (Poor sleep quality = PSQI > 5), sleepiness by the Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire (CASQ > 16), and sleep hygiene developed by the researchers in the literature of Adolescent Sleep Habits Form., Results: A total of 55 participants (mean [SD] age, 15.64 [1.22] years) participated. PSQI and CASQ scores of adolescents in sleep education that were not supported by social media reminders decreased compared to the baseline (p = 0.01, p = 0.02). Adolescent PSQI score in sleep education supported by social media reminders decreased from baseline, their sleep hygiene score increased (p = 0.02). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of sleep parameters (total sleep duration, deep and light sleep levels, nighttime sleeping, and morning wake-up times) (p > 0.05)., Conclusion: This study suggests that sleep education, supported by reminders via social media, can be used to improve the quality of sleep of adolescents., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05071989., Competing Interests: Declarations Conflict of interest None. Ethical approval All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee (name of institute/committee) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Institutional permissions regarding the appropriateness of working in schools were obtained from the Provincial Directorate of National Education and the Governor’s Office. Informed consent Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Written informed consent was sent to the parents through the students before the study was conducted. and the intervention was made after taking both parent and student permission., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Background: We aimed to identify the factors affecting sleep quality in community-dwelling older adults., Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from 6 to 13 October 2021. A hypothetical model based on Spielman's 3P model of insomnia was constructed using the multiple factors that influence sleep quality in older adults. Data were collected from 114 elderly adults at two welfare centers located in, South Korea and analyzed using IBM SPSS 21.0., Results: The hierarchical regression model showing the predictors of sleep quality was significant, and it explained 23.9% of the variance (F=9.879, P <.001). Pre-sleep arousal (β=0.283, P =.005) and sleep hygiene (β=0.269, P =.014) were associated with sleep quality., Conclusion: Sleep improvement interventions which consider pre-sleep arousal and sleep hygiene for older adults may improve sleep quality., (Copyright© 2024 Han et al. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.)

Objective: This study gathered adolescent and caregiver perspectives on sleep hygiene practices and beliefs for Black families living in low-resourced urban communities., Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with adolescents (n = 9) and caregivers (n = 9) from January-March 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interview questions included adolescent's current sleep habits, barriers, and home and neighborhood influences. Trained researchers coded data using inductive analysis and a constant comparative method to derive themes., Results: Two themes focused on sleep hygiene practices, including items used to facilitate sleep (e.g., melatonin, electronics) and COVID-19 consequences on sleep schedules. Two themes focused on sleep hygiene beliefs, including a common value on the importance of sleep and influences on caregiver's bedtime rules., Conclusions: Findings provide important insights on sleep hygiene practices and beliefs in a historically marginalized population of Black adolescents and caregivers in urban communities to inform targeted sleep interventions, policies, and programs for optimal sleep and well-being., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicts of interest None., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

On February 6, 2023, two major earthquakes with magnitudes of 7,7 and 7,6 struck the Kahramanmaraş region in Turkey. Over 50.000 people lost their lives and more than half a million buildings were damaged as a result of these earthquakes. Earthquake survivors may develop post-traumatic stress disorder and sleep hygiene problems. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between post-traumatic stress and sleep hygiene among surviving adults six months after the February 6th Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes in Turkey. This study was conducted with 1004 earthquake survivors in 11 provinces influenced by the February 6th Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Turkey. The data was collected with Personal Information Form, Impact of Events Scale-Revised, and the Sleep Hygiene Index. It has been determined that 54.1% of earthquake survivors scored ≥ 33 on the Impact of Events Scale-Revised. The level of post-traumatic stress disorder was high and their sleep hygiene index level was above average among earthquake survivors. A strongly significant positive correlation was observed between the Impact of Events Scale-Revised and the Sleep Hygiene Index. It is recommended to plan and implement community-based psychological interventions to reduce post-traumatic stress disorder and improve sleep hygiene among survivors after earthquakes., Competing Interests: Declarations Ethical Approval Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Erzurum Technical University to conduct the research (Date: 25.05.2023, Number: 06/14). The consent of participants in the study has been obtained. This research was conducted following the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. Conflict of interest The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

A growing body of evidence has placed an increasing emphasis on how sleep affects health. Not only does insufficient sleep make one subjectively feel worse, but is associated with chronic diseases that are considered epidemics in industrialized nations. This is partly caused by the growing need for prolonged work and social schedules, exemplified by shift work, late-night weekends, and early morning work/school start times (social jetlag). Here, we consider fundamental relationships between the circadian clock and biologic processes and discuss how common practices, such as shift work and social jetlag, contribute to sleep disruption, circadian misalignment, and adverse health outcomes., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Short sleep duration is associated with heightened cardiometabolic disease risk and has reached epidemic proportions among children, adolescents and adults. Potential mechanisms underlying this association are complex and multifaceted, including disturbances in circadian timing, food intake and appetitive hormones, brain regions linked to control of hedonic eating, physical activity, an altered microbiome and impaired insulin sensitivity. Sleep extension, or increasing total sleep duration, is an emerging and ecologically relevant intervention with significant potential to advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the association between short sleep duration and the risk of cardiometabolic disease. If effective, sleep extension interventions have potential to improve cardiometabolic health across the lifespan. Existing data show that sleep extension is feasible and might have potential cardiometabolic health benefits, although there are limitations that the field must overcome. Notably, most existing studies are short term (2-8 weeks), use different sleep extension strategies, analyse a wide array of cardiometabolic health outcomes in different populations and, frequently, lack adequate statistical power, thus limiting robust scientific conclusions. Overcoming these limitations will require fully powered, randomized studies conducted in people with habitual short sleep duration and existing cardiometabolic risk factors. Additionally, randomized controlled trials comparing different sleep extension strategies are essential to determine the most effective interventions. Ongoing and future research should focus on elucidating the potential cardiometabolic health benefits of sleep extension. Such studies have high potential to generate crucial knowledge with potential to improve health and quality of life for those struggling with short sleep duration., (© 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Physiological Society.)

The Child Sleep Hygiene Questionnaire (CSHQ) and its adapted version for autistic children, known as CSHQ-Autism, have gained recognition as essential tools for studying pediatric sleep patterns. 67 autistic children were evaluated using these questionnaires. 52 children screened positive on the CSHQ while 18 were screened positive on the CSHQ-Autism. Notably, both tools showed elevated ratings in the domains of sleep anxiety and co-sleeping, which may hinder their ability to accurately distinguish sleep disturbances. However, the prevalence of sleep anxiety/co-sleeping in Indian culture was found to be linked to more severe sleep disorders, while also serving as a protective factor against separation anxiety and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Therefore, while the CSHQ and CSHQ-Autism serve as valuable assessment tools, their scores may be inflated by ingrained cultural norms in the Indian context., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Study Objectives: Children with evening chronotype may be at risk for insufficient sleep because their chronotype makes it difficult to sustain healthy sleep habits. We evaluated bidirectional relationships between chronotype and sleep hygiene., Methods: Two hundred forty-six children (n = 246 at T1, n = 200 at T2, n = 147 at T3), with a mean age of 9.9 (SD=1.4) at T1, participated in a longitudinal study on sleep and substance use. Participants either had a parental history of alcohol use disorder or were matched controls. The Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale measured sleep hygiene. Chronotype was measured using the Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire. We used random intercept cross-lagged panel models to examine longitudinal relations between chronotype and sleep hygiene across three time points, each approximately 1 year apart., Results: Chronotype at T1 predicted sleep hygiene at T2 (b=0.38, p < .05). Chronotype at T2 predicted sleep hygiene at T3 (b=0.38, p < .05). T1 Sleep Hygiene predicted chronotype at T2 (b=0.27, p < .05). T2 Sleep Hygiene predicted chronotype at T3 (b=0.24, p < .05). Chronotype also predicted itself over time (T1-T2: b=0.31, p < .05; T2-T3: b=0.31, p < .05). Sleep hygiene did not predict itself at future time points. Parental history of alcohol use disorder did not predict sleep hygiene or chronotype., Conclusions: There is a bidirectional relationship between chronotype and sleep hygiene; more eveningness predicts poorer sleep hygiene at a later time point, and poorer sleep hygiene predicts more eveningness later. Sleep hygiene is not stable over time and may be a more modifiable target for public health interventions than chronotype., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicts of interest The authors have no competing interests to declare., (Copyright © 2024 National Sleep Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To explore the influence of sleep conditions and sleep hygiene behaviors in early pregnancy on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) development., Methods: This 1:1 propensity-score matched study included 1,216 pregnant women divided into GDM and control groups based on diagnosis via the oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 gestational weeks. Sleep conditions and hygiene behaviors were evaluated using structural questionnaires, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Sleep Hygiene Practice Scale. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and Spearman's correlation were conducted to identify the associations., Results: After adjusting for baseline clinical characteristics, women with GDM were more likely to have poor sleep quality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.585, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.261-1.992) and higher scores for subjective sleep quality, latency, duration, efficiency, and sleep disturbances (all P < 0.01). Mild sleepiness (AOR = 1.311, 95% CI: 1.012-1.699) and worrying about not being able to fall asleep (AOR = 1.123, 95% CI: 1.005-1.255) were more likely to occur in the GDM group. Sleep quality and hygiene behaviors such as sleep-irrelevant activities, staying in bed after waking up, weekend catch-up sleep, and overeating before bedtime were significantly correlated with gestational diabetes variables., Conclusion: Poor sleep conditions and specific sleep hygiene behaviors in early pregnancy may be independent risk factors for GDM. This suggests that sleep assessment and behavior education can be used as new approaches for the early implementation of surveillance and prevention of GDM., Competing Interests: Declarations Ethical approval All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital (GKLW 2019-58). The procedures used in this study adhere to the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. Informed consent Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Conflict of interest All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Despite emerging public concern regarding the sleep health of military personnel over the past two decades, there remains a dearth of research examining sleep health among naval personnel assigned to sea duty. This study examined sleep metrics (e.g. fatigue, short sleep duration) and mental (e.g. posttraumatic stress disorder, depression) and physical health (e.g. type 2 diabetes, bodily pain) outcomes among naval personnel with recent sea duty (i.e. afloat) compared with naval personnel with recent shore duty (i.e. ashore). Prevalence ratios and mean differences for all outcomes were estimated and adjusted for demographic and military variables, and subsequently stratified by obesity. Sleep metrics were similar between afloat and ashore sailors except for short sleep duration, while sailors with recent shore duty had poorer physical health compared with those with recent sea duty. Stratified analyses suggested naval personnel with obesity had a higher proportion of nearly all adverse sleep-related health outcomes than those without obesity. Among participants without obesity, afloat personnel were more likely to report very short sleep (≤ 5 hours) and fewer hours of average nightly sleep, but were less likely to report physical health outcomes compared with ashore personnel. These findings suggest potential differences in sleep metrics and sleep-related health outcomes between afloat and ashore naval personnel. Additional research examining sleep outcomes using more objective measures is required to further investigate these findings, which may inform strategies to foster consolidated sleep despite environmental and occupational challenges in order to maintain high-performing naval personnel., (© 2024 Leidos Inc. Journal of Sleep Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Sleep Research Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.)

The current study focused on investigating the relationship between level and timing of physical activity and sleep quality and hygiene in healthy individuals. This cross-sectional study design recruited 175 participants (male: 98, 56%, female: 77, 44%, and BMI: 23.87 ± 3.92) aged between 18 and 65, 157 of whom were physically active and 18 of whom were physically inactive. The study recruited healthy participants from various sports facilities, fitness centers, and walking parks to ensure a diverse sample of physically active individuals in a metropolitan city. The study excluded people with sleep disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, heart or neurological problems, and those who had shift work. The study employed the Demographic Information Form, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Short Form), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale, and Sleep Hygiene Questionnaire. A one-way MANOVA was employed to compare sleep quality and hygiene in different physical activity levels. A second MANOVA compared sleep quality and hygiene in different physical activity timing, including only the minimally active and very active participants. One-way MANOVA showed a significant difference F (4, 171) = 7.532, Pillai's trace = 0.161, partial eta squared = 0.081 between sleep quality and hygiene scores among inactive, minimally active, and very active participants. A post hoc analysis showed sleep quality was significantly better in minimal active (6.42 ± 2.55, p = 0.002, Cohen's d = 0.867) and very active participants (5.99 ± 2.29, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.092) than inactive (8.61 ± 2.50) participants. Also, sleep hygiene was significantly better in minimal active (28.50 ± 6.74, p = 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.867) and very active participants (29.52 ± 6.56, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.992) than inactive (36.05 ± 8.39) participants. The one-way MANOVA revealed no statistically significant differences in sleep quality and hygiene scores based on physical activity time. Our study showed that physically active individuals had significantly better sleep quality and hygiene scores, while there was no difference based on the timing of physical activity. Healthy individuals may be encouraged to participate in physical activity in the morning, afternoon, or evening to improve sleep parameters., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The Non-Invasive Ethical Committee of Uskudar University obtained ethical approval of the research. The ethical approval’s serial number is 61351342/HAZIRAN 2021-65. All participants provided a signed informed consent form before enrolled the study. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication of pregnancy, affecting an estimated 16.7% of live births worldwide, which translates to approximately 21 million cases annually. Although poor sleep quality is a prevalent concern in this population, most existing studies predominantly focus on the impact of sleep disorders on GDM, rather than directly assessing sleep quality in women diagnosed with GDM. This study aimed to investigate sleep quality and its associated factors specifically among women with GDM., Methods: We originally aimed to include 287 women with GDM; ultimately, 618 were invited, of whom 393 participated in the survey through a convenience sampling method at the obstetric clinics of four general tertiary hospitals in Chongqing, China, from June to August 2022. Data were collected utilizing sociodemographic characteristics, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Sleep Hygiene Scale, and the Pregnancy-related Anxiety Scale (PrAS). We employed linear regression analysis to identify factors associated with sleep quality., Results: The PSQI score of participants was (5.83 ± 3.41). Notably, 43.77% of participants reported an actual sleep duration of less than 8 h per night, whereas 45.55% experienced poor sleep quality. Worrying during the day about your inability to fall asleep (β = 0.204, P < 0.01), body image concern (β = 0.159, P < 0.01), going to bed thirsty (β = 0.160, P < 0.01), educational attainment (β=-0.150, P < 0.01), avoidance (β = 0.124, P < 0.01), sleep disturbed by bed partner's sleep (β = 0.126, P < 0.01), and worrying as you prepare for bed about your inability to fall asleep (β = 0.137, P < 0.05) significantly affected the sleep quality of participants., Conclusions: The study revealed a high prevalence of insufficient sleep duration and poor sleep quality among women with GDM, which was significantly influenced by inadequate sleep hygiene habits and pregnancy-related anxiety. These findings enhance our understanding of the factors affecting sleep quality in this population and underscore the necessity for healthcare professionals to timely identify sleep disorders. Implementing appropriate interventions, such as the development of educational programs focused on sleep hygiene and body image acceptance through cognitive behavioral therapy, could enhance the quality of care for women with GDM., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study followed the guidelines established in the 1995 Helsinki Declaration (as revised in Edinburgh 2000). Ethical Approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Chongqing Medical University (No.2022174). Additionally, we secured permission from the hospitals to access participants electronic medical records. Prior to data collection, participants were provided with informed consent through an online survey tool. To safeguard participants’ information throughout the study, we implemented data privacy measures, including the anonymization of all collected data to protect participant identities. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Bedtime procrastination has been associated with poorer sleep health, but evidence for this association is not sufficient. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between bedtime procrastination and multidimensional sleep health among students at different educational stages (from elementary school to college) in China, and further examine the moderating role of psychological distress in the procrastination-sleep health link. A total of 3539 students (M age = 15.6 [2.9] years) completed an online survey between December 17 th and 31st, 2023. Sociodemographics, bedtime procrastination, chronotype, psychological distress, and sleep health indicators were assessed. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the association of bedtime procrastination with sleep health. The moderating effects of psychological distress were examined using the Process macro. The results showed that, from elementary school to college, scores of bedtime procrastination displayed a gradually increasing trend. Greater bedtime procrastination across different educational stages was related to poorer sleep health, including satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, and regularity. However, there was no significant association between bedtime procrastination and sleep duration among elementary, middle, and high school students. Moreover, the moderating effect of psychological distress was observed among middle and high school students. The negative association between bedtime procrastination and total sleep health was attenuated in students with high psychological distress than in students with low psychological distress. The findings underscore the importance of early prevention and intervention strategies targeting bedtime procrastination., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical Approval: This study was carried out in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration as revised in 1989 and approved by the Ethics Committees of South China Normal University (SCNU-PSY-2023-191). The survey was under the principle of voluntary participation. Informed consent to participate in this study was obtained from all participants and their guardians. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Sleep is essential for the cognitive, emotional, and physical development of children. Common sleep problems occur in 20-30% of children and are often resolved by improved sleep hygiene. Sleep disorders are more severe conditions, e.g., insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and circadian rhythm disturbances. If left untreated, these can have significant long-term consequences, including impaired cognitive function, increased risk of psychiatric conditions like anxiety and depression, and higher risk of obesity and cardiovascular diseases. To prevent these complications, timely recognition and management is essential. In this paper, we address the medical perspectives of common sleep disturbances in children, focusing on their diagnosis and treatment. Sleep hygiene education, behavioral interventions, and ambient adaptations are first-line interventions for managing all sleep disturbances in children. In cases where behavioral approaches are insufficient, other (non-)pharmacological options are discussed, with a focus on their efficacy and safety in children. Conclusions: Finally, potential long-term consequences and directions for future research are discussed that may improve sleep-related health and well-being., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and sleep disorders are prevalent among patients with long COVID. The intersection of PTSD and/or sleep disorders with long COVID is complex. Thus, use of a biopsychosocial lens for assessment and treatment along with a trauma-informed approach to clinical care is recommended. This review provides an overview of the literature on PTSD and sleep disorders among patients with long COVID, including prevalence rates, risk factors, and potential pathophysiology. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options are reviewed. Also, we provide actionable steps clinicians can integrate into their practice to help effectively assess and treat PTSD and sleep disorders, including validated symptom assessments, recommended referrals, and specific components of non-pharmacological interventions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Lindsey M. Knowles reports financial support was provided by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Janna L. Friedly, Jessica A. Bender, Nicole L. Gentile reports financial support was provided by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This study investigates the effects of a sleep education program, "Sleep 101", on sleep hygiene practices, sleep quality, and weekday and weekend sleep behaviors among college students. Participants: A total of 338 college students from a midsized public university in the US participated, with 25 completing both the baseline and post-intervention questionnaire. Methods: The Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) and self-reported questions were used to assess sleep behaviors and subjective sleep quality. Results: Participants who completed the study experienced a significant increase in weekday sleep duration and were less likely to engage in activities unbeneficial for sleep before bedtime. Additionally, 40% of the completers reported improvements in their sleep quality. Conclusions: These findings suggest that a brief online program like "Sleep 101" can effectively improve sleep behaviors among college students and might be a scalable approach to addressing current sleep issues and preventing future sleep problems in this population.

Introduction: Nicotine addiction is one of the most common forms of dependence. It is shown to be associated with many chronic diseases that develop mostly through smoking. The association between sleep quality and smoking or nicotine addiction has not been clarified yet. This study aimed to investigate the association between nicotine addiction and sleep quality., Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND), and Hospital anxiety-depression scale (HADS) were administered to patients who applied to the smoking cessation outpatient clinic of a reference hospital between April and June 2023. FTND measured nicotine dependence, and its association with sleep quality estimated by PSQI was assessed by binary logistic regression with the potential confounders., Results: In the study group of 280 participants, 67.1% were male, and 57.8% had poor sleep quality. The median (IQR) FNTD score was 7.0 (3.0), and the median global PSQI score was 6.0 (5.0). Poor sleep quality increased by 1.12 times (AOR=1.12; 95% CI: 1.02-1.22, p=0.016) for each unit increase in hospital anxiety score and by 1.22 times (AOR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.05-1.42, p=0.011) for each unit increase in FTND score., Conclusions: Increased nicotine dependence and anxiety are independently associated with poor sleep quality. The findings support smoking cessation efforts. It is recommended to study the effect of combating anxiety and tobacco addiction to improve sleep quality., Competing Interests: The authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest and none was reported., (© 2024 Ozden Sertcelik U. and Karalezli A.)

Introduction: Our study examined the longitudinal relationship between parenting stress and screen time, outdoor play, and sleep routines in toddler to preschool-aged children., Method: We conducted a descriptive quantitative analysis of a prospective observational cohort study of 300 families with an 18-month-old toddler who were followed for 2 years. Parenting stress was measured using a subscale of the Parenting Stress Index-4 Short Form at child age 18 months. Screen time, outdoor play, and sleep routines were parent-reported at child age 36 months. Multivariable regression estimated associations between parenting stress and screen time behaviors, outdoor play, and sleep routines., Results: Data from 280 children (42.1% female) showed that 39.6% did not have rules around screen time and 82% of families reported frequently having the television on without anyone watching. In adjusted models, a 1-standard deviation increase in parenting stress at 18 months was associated with increased odds of having a television on without anyone watching (OR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.57) and decreased odds of not having rules about the amount of screen time at 36 months (OR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.96)., Discussion: Increased parenting stress in early childhood was associated with some suboptimal screen time behaviors and sleep routines when children were preschool-aged., Competing Interests: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No financial or competing interests to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Sleep disruptions are commonly reported during and after cancer. In addition to its immediate relevance for patients' immunity and response to treatment, poor sleep can also affect their psychological health and, ultimately, quality of life. Sleep disturbances can also affect caregivers who are supporting cancer patients, adding to their burden. Therefore, it is important for both patients and their families to receive personalized advice and assistance to improve sleep quality. Research has demonstrated that providing intervention for sleep difficulties early in the care trajectory of cancer patients can enhance satisfaction with care and reduce depression. In this article, we will outline basic practical tips that oncology nurses can offer to patients experiencing sleep difficulties, ranging from basic sleep hygiene practices to rearranging their bedroom environment for better rest., Competing Interests: DECLARATION OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© 2024 Canadian Association of Nurses in Oncology (CANO).)

Background: Healthcare workers grapple with distinct challenges, inherent to their profession, making them susceptible to irregular sleep patterns and insufficient sleep, which may further impact their cardiovascular health. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of healthcare workers concerning sleep hygiene and cardiovascular health., Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine between July, 2023 and September, 2023. Demographic characteristics, KAP scores, sleep health awareness and habits, and sleep quality were assessed through the questionnaires., Results: A total of 423 valid questionnaires were included in the study. Among these, 215 (50.83%) were aged 35 or below, and 128 (30.26%) reported suffering from chronic insomnia. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 43.23 ± 5.67 (possible range: 10-50), 24.53 ± 4.59 (possible range: 9-45), and 20.22 ± 4.46 (possible range: 6-30), respectively. Multivariate analyses indicated that attitude score (OR = 0.890, 95% CI: [0.807-0.981], p  = 0.019), sleep health awareness & habits score (OR = 1.847, 95% CI: [1.284-2.656], p  = 0.001), experienced chest tightness or heart palpitations (OR = 6.084, 95% CI: [2.172-17.042], p  = 0.001), and the presence of chronic insomnia (OR = 5.017, 95% CI: [2.428-10.368], p  < 0.001) were independently associated with sleep quality., Conclusion: Healthcare workers had adequate knowledge, negative attitude and moderate practice toward sleep hygiene and cardiovascular health. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to address the observed gaps in attitudes and practices, aiming to enhance overall awareness and promote healthier sleep habits among healthcare professionals., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Sun, Pan, Song, Gu, Ni and Gu.)

Introduction: Approximately 50% to 60% of all pregnant women suffer from insomnia during pregnancy. Pregnancy-related insomnia has been associated with severe outcomes for both mother and child postnatally. Currently, the treatment of pregnancy-related insomnia is often neglected due to a lack of suitable treatments. This online assessor-masked randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of music listening and sleep hygiene for treating pregnancy-related insomnia., Methods: We recruited first-time pregnant women at the end of the second trimester with a report of poor sleep. Participants in the music and sleep hygiene (MSH) group received standard sleep hygiene advice and were instructed to listen to music daily at bedtime for 4 weeks. They could choose from 6 sleep playlists of different genres. Participants randomized to the sleep hygiene alone (SH) group received standard sleep hygiene only. Primary outcomes were sleep quality measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and insomnia severity measured with the Insomnia Severity Index., Clinicaltrials: gov Identifier: NCT04633395., Results: Among the 98 participants receiving the online intervention, 31 participants in the MSH group (62%) and 40 participants in the SH group (80%) completed the postintervention measurements. Both groups experienced improved sleep quality during the intervention period (PSQI change, -2.10; 95% CI, -3.27 to -0.93; P < .001), with no significant difference between the groups. Similarly, insomnia symptoms were reduced (Insomnia Severity Index change, -3.42; 95% CI, -5.02 to -1.83; P < .001) with no significant difference in the effect between groups. There was a significant difference in adherence to sleep hygiene between the MSH and SH groups (42% vs 8%; P = .007)., Discussion: Sleep quality and insomnia severity can be improved in pregnant women with relatively simple interventions like music listening and sleep hygiene advice. These results align with previous research, but larger trials are recommended to support introduction into clinical practice., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM).)

Background: Insomnia is common in patients with psychiatric disorders. However, patients' awareness of sleep has seldom been examined in detail. In this study, we investigated sleep awareness in outpatients at the psychiatry department of a university hospital. Methods: The participants ( n = 241) were recruited at the psychiatry department of Ehime University Hospital between 11 October and 5 November 2021. The following questionnaires were used: Clinical Global Impression Scale of Severity (CGI-S), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed by certified psychiatrists using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10. Participants with an AIS score of ≥6 were allocated to the insomnia group for statistical analysis. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify which items of sleep hygiene the patients with insomnia practiced using the Sleep Guidelines for Health Promotion. Results: Of 241 participants, 133 (55.2%) were allocated to the insomnia group. The mean scores for the CGI were significantly higher and the GAF scores were significantly lower in the insomnia group than in the healthy sleep group ( p < 0.01). Of the 12 sleep guidelines proposed by the Japanese Government, "Do not go to bed until you are sleepful, do not delay getting up", was the item that maximally influenced insomnia. Conclusions: The insomnia group had worse scores on various medical assessment scales compared to the healthy sleep group. Based on a survey of outpatients at the psychiatry department of the university hospital, appropriate stimulus control techniques may help clinicians to treat outpatients with insomnia.

Background: Sleep games are an emerging topic in the realm of serious health game research. However, designing features that are both enjoyable and effective at engaging users, particularly university students, to develop healthy sleep habits remains a challenge., Objective: This study aims to investigate user preferences for 3 sleep game prototypes, that is, Hero's Sleep Journey, Sleep Tamagotchi, and Sleepland, and to explore their popularity and perceived utility in promoting sleep health., Methods: A mixed methods approach was used in this study. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through a co-design workshop involving 47 university students. Participants were presented with storyboard cards of game features and were asked to provide an overall rating on each game, as well as ratings for individual features. They were also encouraged to provide free-form comments on the features and suggest improvements. In addition, participants were asked to express their preferences among the 3 games regarding which game they would most like to play and which one they found most useful for promoting sleep health., Results: Surprisingly, while Hero's Sleep Journey was the most popular choice among participants, Sleep Tamagotchi was perceived as the most beneficial for improving sleep health. Relevance emerged as an overarching theme in the qualitative data analysis, with 3 interconnected dimensions: psychological relevance to users' personal lives, logical relevance to sleep health, and situational relevance to users' circumstantial context. We discussed how the 3 dimensions of relevance address the autonomy and relatedness constructs outlined in the self-determination theory and proposed 3 design recommendations., Conclusions: Our serious sleep game prototypes demonstrated the potential to engage university students to develop healthy sleep hygiene. Future sleep game designs should aim to create a sense of relevance to users' personal lives, sleep health goals, and situational contexts. Rather than a one-size-fits-all approach, it is essential to develop a wide range of game genres and features to cater to diverse users. Aligning game features with sleep health goals and educating users on the design rationale through sleep knowledge are also important aspects. Furthermore, allowing users to customize their game experience and manage technology boundaries is necessary to nurture a sense of control and autonomy in the process of forming good sleep hygiene., (©Zilu Liang, Edward Melcer, Kingkarn Khotchasing, Samantha Chen, Daeun Hwang, Nhung Huyen Hoang. Originally published in JMIR Serious Games (https://games.jmir.org), 08.10.2024.)