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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of energy expenditure measurements taken by the Apple Watch 6 and Polar A370 during resting, light- to vigorous-intensity running on the treadmill and ground, and post-exercise of each speed., Design: Randomized cross-over trial., Methods: This study included 11 male adults (22.5 ± 1.8 years old). Participants were asked to wear the Apple Watch 6 and the Polar A370 simultaneously to measure energy expenditure under various intensities of physical activities on the treadmill and ground, which were then compared with results from a gas metabolism analysis system., Results: Monitoring energy expenditure for both treadmill and ground, the Apple Watch 6 (range: 13.40-50.34 %) had a higher mean absolute percent error than the Polar A370 (range: 12.74-27.70 %) in resting and running state, while the mean absolute percent error of the Apple Watch 6 (range: 9.71-32.81 %) is smaller than that of the Polar A370 (15.79-43.51 %) in post-exercise. The Apple Watch 6 tends to overestimate energy expenditure, with a mean percent error ranging from -6.61 % to 53.24 %, while the Polar A370 tends to underestimate energy expenditure, with a mean percent error ranging from -3.51 % to 11.33 %. No estimated energy expenditure of both devices fell in the equivalence testing zone., Conclusions: For young adult males, the Apple Watch 6 and Polar A370 provide similar levels of accuracy in monitoring energy expenditure during treadmill and ground running exercise. However, both devices are still inadequate in this regard., Competing Interests: Declaration of interest statement The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

This work focuses on different surface treatment processes of the 6061 aluminum alloy profile coatings in the construction industry, mainly including the sand powder film coating, the flat powder coating, the hard anodized film, and the ordinary heat-sealing oxidized coating. The corrosion resistance of the coated aluminum alloy in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution (pH 6.5-7.5) and the influence of different surface treatment processes on the corrosion resistance of different samples were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electrochemical workstation. The result shows that with the increase in corrosion time, the corrosion inhibition performance of the four coated aluminum alloy materials decreased significantly, and the order of decline is: sand powder film coating > hard anodized film > flat powder coating > ordinary heat-sealing oxidized coating. When corroded in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 2 h, the corrosion inhibition performances of the flat powder coating and ordinary heat-sealing oxidized coating are poor, while the inhibition performances of the sand powder film coating and hard anodized film are good, and the inhibition performance follows the following sequence: the sand powder film coating > hard anodized film> the flat powder coating > ordinary heat-sealing oxidized coating. When corroded in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 200 h, the corrosion inhibition performances of the sand powder film coating and the flat powder coating are poor, while the inhibition performances of hard anodized film and ordinary heat-sealing oxidized coating are good, and the inhibition performance follows the following sequence: hard anodized film > ordinary heat-sealing oxidized coating > the sand powder film coating > the flat powder coating.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a widespread mental growth disorder. Children with ASD are unlikely to restore the ability of living independent, which definitely brings their parents greater psychological pressure and psychological problems such as social anxiety. Therefore, it is pressing to conduct intervention research on social anxiety and other problems in parents of children with ASD., Methods: In 2022, Seventy-three parents of children with ASD were enrolled from Beijing Tongkangyuan Children's Rehabilitation Institute. They were randomly divided into the experiment group (N=36) and the control group (N=37). The experiment group was intervened with psychological counseling based on problem management plus in combination with Tai Chi. The control group did not receive any psychological intervention. Social Anxiety Scale for Children, Parenting Stress Index-Short Form and Social Support Rate Scale were used for measurement before and after the intervention., Results: The experiment group had significantly higher decreases than the control group in the total score in social anxiety and the scores in its two dimensions after intervention ( P =0.001). The experiment group had significant decreases in the total score in parenting stress and the scores in parenting distress and dysfunctional parent-child interaction ( P =0.001), while there was no change in the control group. The experiment group had significant improvement in social support, which was also significantly higher than that of the control group ( P =0.001)., Conclusion: Psychological counseling based on problem management plus could effectively alleviate social anxiety and parental pressure in parents of children with ASD, improve their social support and play a significant role in enhancing their mental health., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2023 Qi et al. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.)

Objective: The study was designed to investigate the role of exercise in ameliorating endothelial function and hemodynamics in postmenopausal females, and compare the different effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training by equalizing training load., Design: Randomized controlled trial., Methods: First intervention, 30 volunteers were randomized into low-intensity continuous training group or sedentary group. The low-intensity continuous training group was assigned to a 12-week training program at an intensity of 40% maximum heart reserve. The second intervention was an 8-week training program, in which 18 individuals were randomly placed either in the moderate-intensity continuous training or high-intensity interval training group. Flow-mediated dilatation, blood samples, carotid ultrasound, and wall shear stress were collected before, during, and after the interventions., Results: Flow-mediated dilatation was significantly increased in low-intensity continuous training group (p = 0.02), moderate-intensity continuous training (p = 0.023) and high-intensity interval training (p < 0.01) groups, with a time × group interaction for %FMD (F 2, 32  = 4.421, p = 0.02), and a main effect of time (F 2, 32  = 27.658, p < 0.001). Nitric oxide in low-intensity continuous training increased remarkably (p = 0.024) and was higher than that in control (p = 0.011). High-intensity interval training (p < 0.001) and moderate-intensity continuous training (p < 0.001) increased nitric oxide. Endothelin was decreased only in high-intensity interval training group (p = 0.049). All the training programs had a remarkable impact on wall shear stress., Conclusions: Low-intensity continuous training can improve endothelial function in postmenopausal females. High-intensity interval training could be an effective training regimen for improving endothelial function than moderate-intensity continuous training in postmenopausal females., (Copyright © 2022 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)