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There is growing evidence that endocrine disruptive chemicals have deleterious effects on sexual and reproductive function. To examine subjective sexual functions in human females and their relationship to postnatal phthalate exposure and perinatal androgenization, a Sexuality Score (SS) was established from a first-stage survey questionnaire of subjective sexual function filled out by female university students (n = 68; average age 25.23 ± 5.17 years; rural 25.51 ± 6.74 vs. urban 25.85 ± 1.43 years). Seventeen phthalate metabolites in urine samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Females were also assessed for the 2D:4D digit ratio as an index of perinatal androgenization. The mean age of menarche was 12.82 ± 1.35 years (rural 12.59 ± 1.39 vs. urban 13.18 ± 1.27; p = 0.01). The mean age at first sexual intercourse was 14.88 ± 6.89 years (rural 14.62 ± 7.20 vs. urban 15.24 ± 6.55), and as the age of first sexual intercourse increases, the SS score tends to increase as well, albeit moderately (r = 0.25, p = 0.037). Mono-iso-butyl phthalate, mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate, mono(hydroxy-n-butyl) phthalate, mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (p ≤ 0.05) and mono(2-carboxymethylhexyl) phthalate (p ≤ 0.01) were negatively associated with SS. A compounding butterfly effect of prenatal exposure to androgens was observed with disruptive effects of mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate and mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate on sexual function. Exposure to phthalates in adult females may lead to disruption of subjective sexual function, especially concerning sexual desire and sexual satisfaction, and perinatal androgenization could augment these effects., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is more prevalent in men. Several studies suggested that higher testosterone levels were associated with a greater risk of OSA. We aimed to determine whether testosterone administration in transgender men would accentuate symptoms of OSA., Methods: The study involved 94 adult people undergoing a female-to-male transition with testosterone administration. The participants answered the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) and a separate question on snoring before starting testosterone treatment and after at least 1 year of being on testosterone treatment., Results: A higher proportion of participants at the follow-up answered positively to the first category of BQ devoted to snoring. A lower proportion of participants at follow-up answered positively to the second category of BQ devoted to tiredness. The percentage of subjects with a high risk of sleep apnoea, according to BQ, and of those who answered the question on snoring positively did not change significantly., Conclusion: An increased number of transgender men who reported snoring in BQ after testosterone administration indicate a higher risk of OSA development., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Šnobrová, Burdová, Weiss, Šonka and Weiss.)

The number of population-based studies focused on the prevalence of paraphilic sexual interests in men is very low and for women, the subject remains largely unexplored. The two main aims of this study are to investigate the prevalence of paraphilias and to explore sex differences in an online representative sample of Czech men and women using various dimensions of sexual experience. We collected data about sexual motivations and behavior from a representative online sample of 10,044 Czechs (5,023 men and 5,021 women). In a standardized online interview, participants answered questions about selected dimensions of sexual experience within specific paraphilic patterns: sexual preferences, sexual arousal, sexual fantasies in the past 6 months, pornography use in the past 6 months, and experience with paraphilic behaviors. Our results show that 31.3% of men (n = 1,571) and 13.6% of women (n = 683) admitted to at least one paraphilic preference. Moreover, 15.5% of men and 5% of women reported more than one paraphilic preference. Except for beating/torture and humiliation/submission, in terms of real experience with such behaviors almost all paraphilias were more common among men than among women. Our results indicate that the high prevalence of some paraphilic patterns might render their pathologization problematic.

Introduction: This study explores the impact of childhood sexual assault (CSA) on men's sexual function. There is limited understanding on the impact of CSA perpetrated against boys on later adult male sexual function, as there is a dearth of research on this topic. It was hypothesized that men reporting a history of CSA were more likely to report sexual function issues than men with no history of CSA., Material and Methods: A cross-sectional survey study of 1,004 Czech men aged between 15 and 85 years (M = 42.8 years; Standard deviation = 17.6 years) have been conducted. The participants anonymously answered a questionnaire on multiple aspects of their life and sexuality. This questionnaire included sought data on history of CSA and self-reported intravaginal ejaculation latency time and the 5-item International Index of Erectile Function., Results: 25 men (2.5%) indicated a history of CSA. 71% of the perpetrators where known by the victims, with a minority declaring the crime to authorities (37.5%). Half of those reporting assault also reported sexual function issues in the present or at some time in their life. Significant correlations were recorded between a history of CSA and erectile dysfunction but not significantly with premature ejaculation., Conclusions: Men who reported a history of CSA are more likely to report sexual function issues than those who do not. The identified association between CSA and sexual function issues in adult life contributes to the small body of literature on the topic. When taking a sexual history, it is recommended to practitioner to include questions about CSA, considering its correlation with erectile dysfunction. An understanding of the relationship between CSA and adult sexual function helps practitioner to improve his patient's well--being and life satisfaction. Kamnerdsiri WA, Fox C, Weiss P, et al. Impact of Childhood Sexual Assault on Sexual Function in the Czech Male Population. J Sex Med 2020;8:446-453., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Aesthetic surgery of the female genitalia is on the rise. Many procedures are performed. Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric disorder and often goes unrecognized in plastic surgery. This review examines actual knowledge of plastic surgery in gynecology, knowledge of motivational factors of women, and BDD. We carried out a systematic electronic search. We used a combination of relevant keywords to construct the search strategy. Included studies were systematic reviews or primary studies published 1990-2017 and containing information about BDD. Reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and assessed quality, undertaking narrative synthesis. The research revealed a variety of plastic procedures available and why women consider undergoing labia reduction surgery.

BACKGROUND Obesity and associated comorbidities increase the probability of sexual disorders. The present study evaluated sexual satisfaction levels in obese women prior to and following bariatric surgery, utilizing the validated Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) to also evaluate the sexual satisfaction in obese and non-obese women. MATERIAL AND METHODS 60 obese women (mean initial BMI of 43.7±5.9 kg/m²; mean age of 41.7±10.8 years) were administered the questionnaire on sexual function (FSFI) preceding bariatric surgery (laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, 22 women; gastric plication, 33 women; and biliopancreatic diversion, 5 women), 6 months and 12 months after the procedure, i.e., following substantial weight reduction (final mean BMI of 35.5±5.5 kg/m²). The control group comprised 60 non-obese women (mean BMI of 22.2±1.9kg/m²; mean age of 36.4±10.7 years). RESULTS Our findings indicate that baseline sexual function in the preoperative obese females was significantly lower than in non-obese women, with p<0.01 in each domain. Data gathered at the 6- and 12-month points following the procedure indicated no significant difference. Before the procedure, 31 obese subjects (51.6%) exceeded the cutoff for FSD, at the 6-month evaluation point, 17 women (39.5%) exceeded the cutoff, and at 12 months postoperatively, 18 subjects (41.9%) exceeded the cutoff, indicative of FSD. Among the non-obese controls, only 9 subjects (15%) exceeded the cutoff threshold. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that substantive weight reduction resulting from bariatric surgery results in reduced sexual dysfunction in female subjects.

This paper reviews the use of psychotherapeutic approaches to treat individuals who have committed sex crimes and/or have problematic sexual interests (PSI); including types of psychotherapy used, descriptions of preventive and reintegration programmes, and highlighting specific theoretical controversies. In the second part, experts from Canada, the Czech Republic, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, who participated in an International Consensus Meeting held in Prague (2017), summarize treatment programmes in their countries. The comparison revealed some general findings: each country has variability between its own programmes; most countries have different programmes for people who are in custody and who are in the community; the state-directed treatment programmes are primarily focused on criminal individuals, while non-criminal individuals are treated in preventive programmes and/or in special clinics or are untreated; the presence of PSI in patients is acknowledged in most programmes, although specific programmes exclusively for individuals with PSI rarely exist. Studies on effectiveness are difficult to compare due to methodologic, political, and cultural differences. Further communication between more countries to share knowledge about successful treatments and preventive approaches is needed, especially enhanced international collaboration between researchers and clinicians to verify the effectiveness of current clinical and experimental program, rs.

Introduction: This study explores the relationship between erectile function and ejaculatory function, to inform the clinical psychosexological and sexual medicine practice treatment protocols., Materials and Methods: A total of 1,004 Czech males aged between 15 and 84 years (m = 42.8 yrs; sd = 17.6 years) completed a sexual behavior questionnaire. A cross-sectional design was adopted. Erectile function was measured with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and ejaculatory function measured using self-report intravaginal ejaculation latency time and the Index of Premature Ejaculation (IPE). Linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationships between premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction., Results: The sample mean self-reported intravaginal ejaculatory latency time was 9.34 minutes. The overall mean on the IPE was 19.44 (sd = 2.368). The Control domain mean was 81.13 (sd = 17.22); Sexual Satisfaction domain mean 78.60 (sd = 20.59); and the Distress domain mean was 86.86 (sd = 18.32). The mean score on the IIEF-5 was 19.28 (sd = 2.53). The results indicate a relationship between premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. With age significantly associated with all measures., Conclusions: Higher levels of erectile function are associated with a better control and sexual satisfaction, and less distress about ejaculation. This association supports the consideration of this relationship in the development of new clinical practice guidelines for erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Objective: The aim of this study was to report on trends in the prevalence in age at first intercourse of Czech schoolchildren and a difference between sexes., Methods: Prevalence in age at first intercourse of Czech schoolchildren was observed under the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study in the years 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014. In addition, a random representative sample of children attending 9th grade completed the questions related to sexual behaviour. A total of 4,804 boys and girls at the age of 15 years were included in the study. The chi-square test and analysis of variance were used for data assessment., Results: Experience with first sexual intercourse before 15 years was confirmed by 16% of boys and 19.4% of girls. Average age of coitarche in both sexes most often ranged between 14 and 15 years. Since 2006 boys had significantly lower age at coitarche. Only in 2010 the girls had first intercourse more frequently than boys. Since 2010 the number of Czech adolescents of both sexes having first intercourse before the age of 15 years has significantly increased. However, a rise in average age of coitarche over 15 years in both sexes occurred in 2014., Conclusions: The number of Czech children having a sexual intercourse before 15 years has significantly increased since 2010., (Copyright© by the National Institute of Public Health, Prague 2017)

Background: Splitting represents a defense mechanism that describes fragmentation of conscious experience that may occur in various psychopathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of splitting with disturbed cognitive and affective functions related to impulsivity and intimate partnerships in a group of obese patients indicated for bariatric treatment and compare the results with other obese patients and patients with bulimia nervosa., Methods: In this clinical study, we assessed 102 young women. The sample was divided into three subgroups: obese women (N=30), obese women indicated for bariatric treatment (N=48), and patients with bulimia nervosa (N=24). The patients were assessed using Splitting Index and Barratt Impulsivity Scale, and selected information about their intimate partnership was documented for all the participants., Results: The main results of this study indicate significant differences in the relationship of splitting and impulsivity with difficulties in intimate partnerships. These differences discriminate obese patients indicated for bariatric treatment from other obese patients and patients with bulimia nervosa., Conclusion: These findings may have significant implications for treatment of the obese patients indicated for bariatric treatment and their presurgery psychological evaluations.

Hormonal therapy in transsexual patients (TS) includes sexagens administration: androgens in female-to-male transsexual patients (FtM) and oestrogens and antiandrogens in male-to-female transsexual patients (MtF). Duration of hormonal therapy should continue at least 1 year before gender reassignment surgery. Hormonal therapy supresses former gender and induces partially new gender changes. Hormonal therapy continues subsequently after surgery during life. Hormonal therapy in MtF TS includes oestrogens and antiandrogens application. In very young persons in both groups blocking gonadoliberin analogues can be used. In FtM TS testosterone oneself is given (orally and/or parenterally). Authors describe their own experiences with hormonal treatment in 282 TS (163 FtM and 119 MtF). During hormonal therapy statistically significant weight increasing was found in both groups. Total cholesterol increased in FtM. In MtF during hormonal therapy average prolactin level increased from 350.1 to 570.5 mU/l without clinical significance. Total average hormonal therapy duration was 6.73 years in FtM and 4.64 years in MtF and so overall therapy safety assessment is not possible. Any endocrinopathy occurence in the beginning of surveillance was found in 35 persons (12.4 %): simple goiter, autoimmune thyreoiditis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, gynecomastia, DM type 1, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), Klinefelter syndrome and nonfunctional pituitary adenoma. It is appropriate as well as in other rare medicine conditions to manage diagnosing and therapy in centers with experience with these issues.

Introduction: Both erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE) impair the quality of sexual intercourse for both men and their female partners., Aims: This study aims to examine with a large representative sample the interrelationships of measures of ED, PE, typical intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), men's perceived relationship quality with their mother, and age of first being in love., Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a nationally representative sample of 960 Czech coitally experienced men (aged 15-84), provided age, International Index of Erectile Function 5-item (IIEF-5), Index of Premature Ejaculation (IPE) scores, IELT, rating of relationship with their mother, and age at first being in love., Main Outcome Measures: Correlations, partial correlations adjusting for age, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and multiple regression statistical methods were used., Results: IIEF-5, IPE, and IELT were significantly intercorrelated (IIEF-5 and IPE: r=0.64). Better IIEF-5 scores were associated with younger age at first (and ever) being in love. Poorer IPE score, shorter IELT, and mild-moderate ED were associated with poorer perceived mother relationship (which was also associated with first being in love at an older age). Multiple regression analyses revealed that: (i) greater IELT was associated with better erectile function and better mother relationship, but not with age; and (ii) IELT of <1 minute was associated with poorer perceived mother relationship and poorer IIEF-5, but marginally with age. History of homosexual activity was unrelated to IIEF-5, IPE, IELT, and perceived mother relationship scores., Conclusions: The findings suggest that degrees of ED and PE are often comorbid, and both ED and PE are associated with less favorable early experiences with women. Brody S and Weiss P. Erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation: Interrelationships and psychosexual factors. J Sex Med 2015;12:398-404., (© 2014 International Society for Sexual Medicine.)

Prague, the Czech Republic, is a popular sex tourism destination where sex work is decriminalized and young men offer sexual services at low prices relative to countries in Western Europe. This quantitative survey aimed to identify some of the demographic characteristics of these young men and their experiences in the sex industry. Internet escorts (N = 20) and sex workers in bars and clubs (N = 20) completed the survey anonymously in spring 2011. The results showed that sex workers in clubs often had troubled pasts and were forced into sex work to survive. They also reported incidents of violence, serious alcohol and drug use, as well as frequent gambling. The larger group of sex workers in Prague is made up of Internet escorts who have backgrounds that are not atypical for the average Czech youth. They had fewer problems with drugs and alcohol but were twice as likely as sex workers in bars and clubs to be victims of violent crime. Plans for interventions to help those who would change their line of work, as well as the importance of sociocultural context in understanding sex workers, are discussed.

Background: Previous qualitative research has examined male sex workers in the Czech Republic, but this mapping study is the first to investigate male sex work in a quantitative research design and focus on the mental health of these sex workers. This study also examines male sex workers' mental health problems in relation to their sexual identity or orientation., Material and Methods: A sample of Czech male sex workers (N=40) were examined on a range of sexual and psychological variables using a quantitative survey administered face-to-face. The study employed locally validated versions of Beck's Depression Inventory and Zung's Self-Report Anxiety Scale., Results: The results indicate that for homosexuals, working as a male sex worker is not related to any serious mental health problems. However, those identifying as heterosexual and bisexual more frequently reported symptoms of depression and bisexuals showed significantly more anxiety., Conclusions: These findings suggest sexual identity is an important issue to consider when addressing the mental health needs of this population.

Data from 1155 Czech women (493 using oral contraception, 662 non-users), obtained from the Czech National Survey of Sexual Behavior, were used to investigate evolutionary-based hypotheses concerning the predictive value of current oral contraceptive (OC) use on extra-pair and dyadic (in-pair) sexual behavior of coupled women. Specifically, the aim was to determine whether current OC use was associated with lower extra-pair and higher in-pair sexual interest and behavior, because OC use suppresses cyclical shifts in mating psychology that occur in normally cycling women. Zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression and negative binomial models were used to test associations between OC use and these sexual measures, controlling for other relevant predictors (e.g., age, parity, in-pair sexual satisfaction, relationship length). The overall incidence of having had an extra-pair partner or one-night stand in the previous year was not related to current OC use (the majority of the sample had not). However, among the women who had engaged in extra-pair sexual behavior, OC users had fewer one-night stands than non-users, and tended to have fewer partners, than non-users. OC users also had more frequent dyadic intercourse than non-users, potentially indicating higher commitment to their current relationship. These results suggest that suppression of fertility through OC use may alter important aspects of female sexual behavior, with potential implications for relationship functioning and stability.

Previous research has indicated that men generally rate slimmer women as more sexually attractive, consistent with the increased morbidity risks associated with even mild abdominal adiposity. To assess the association of women's waist size with a more tangible measure of perceived sexual attractiveness (as well as reward value for both sexes), we examined the association of women's age and waist circumference with an index of men's erectile function (IIEF-5 scores), frequency of penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI), and sexual satisfaction in a representative sample of Czechs (699 men and 715 women) aged 35-65 years. Multivariate analyses indicated that better erectile function scores were independently associated with younger age of self and partner and women's slimmer waist. PVI frequency was independently associated with women's younger age and women's slimmer waist. Sexual satisfaction was independently associated with men's younger age and slimmer waist for both sexes. Better erectile function, greater PVI frequency, and greater sexual satisfaction were associated with women's slimmer waist, independently of both sexes' ages. Possible reasons for the waist effects were discussed, including women's abdominal body fat decreasing their own desire through neurohormonal mechanisms and decreasing their partner's desire through evolutionarily-related decreased sexual attractiveness.

Introduction: This research deals with the topic of sexual life among people suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) and with selected factors related to sexual functioning in these patients. Parkinson's disease is a serious chronic disease whose symptoms as well as treatment substantially affect the sexual life of the patients. Despite this fact, very little published work has dealt with this topic., Aim: This research focuses on describing the structure of deterioration of sexual functions of the patients suffering from PD, and statistical analysis of the interdependence of selected factors (age, duration of the disease, subjective score of the impact of the disease, depression, anxiety) as well as the patients' sexual satisfaction. The most substantial factors influencing sexual satisfaction of men and women with PD are analysed and their impact assessed, the greatest stress being put on psychiatric factors., Methods: The research project examined a group of 103 people with PD. In order to identify the specifics of the patients' sexual lives, two questionnaire-sets were designed (separate for men and women), containing psychological (BDI-II, STAI) and sexological (FSFI, IIEF, GRISS) questionnaires., Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measures were depression, state and trait anxiety, sexual satisfaction, erectile function, the Female Sexual Function Index., Results: The acquired data was statistically elaborated using the programme SPSS. The results of the sexological questionnaires show a decrease in overall sexual functioning and the presence of sexual dysfunctions related to PD. With the help of regression models it was elicited that in case of men with this illness, the most influential factor on their sexual life is depression and their subjective scoring of the illness, in the case of women the prevailing factors are depression and anxiety., Conclusions: Sexuality for people suffering from Parkinson's disease is a very complex issue and psychiatric factors (depression, anxiety) have an important impact on the sexual functioning of the patients., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To investigate whether better sexual health is associated with improvements in overall health and wellness, a more loving and intimate relationship, and a more positive outlook on life., Methods: The Sexual Health and Overall Wellness survey used self-administered questionnaires to collect data from men and women aged 25-74 years who had had sexual intercourse at least once within the previous 12 months., Results: Across nine countries, 3780 self-administered questionnaires were completed: 1893 from men (mean age, 44.6 years); 1887 from women (mean age, 44.2 years). The majority of men and women were satisfied with the frequency of sexual intercourse over the previous 4 weeks (59% and 66%, respectively); the majority (67% and 55%, respectively) reported that having sex was 'very important' or 'absolutely essential'. For men and women, there was a strong association between satisfaction with sex and overall health, and between satisfaction with sex and an overall positive outlook on life., Conclusion: For men and women, satisfaction with different aspects of sex was important, and was strongly associated with satisfaction with general health, relationships and other aspects of wellbeing.

Pornography continues to be a contentious matter with those on the one side arguing it detrimental to society while others argue it is pleasurable to many and a feature of free speech. The advent of the Internet with the ready availability of sexually explicit materials thereon particularly has seemed to raise questions of its influence. Following the effects of a new law in the Czech Republic that allowed pornography to a society previously having forbidden it allowed us to monitor the change in sex related crime that followed the change. As found in all other countries in which the phenomenon has been studied, rape and other sex crimes did not increase. Of particular note is that this country, like Denmark and Japan, had a prolonged interval during which possession of child pornography was not illegal and, like those other countries, showed a significant decrease in the incidence of child sex abuse.

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction has adverse implications for both men and their female partners. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) is a widely used self-report measure. It was unclear whether scores generated by women on behalf of men are comparable to self-reports, and how IIEF scores are associated with satisfaction for both sexes in both sexual and nonsexual realms (e.g., mental health)., Aims: To examine sex differences in IIEF-5 scores generated by both sexes, and to examine associations of IIEF-5 scores with satisfaction aspects (sexual, life, own mental health, partnership) and with women's vaginal orgasm consistency (VOC)., Methods: A representative sample of Czechs (787 men and 720 women not from the same couple) aged 35-65 years completed the IIEF-5, LiSat satisfaction scale items, and provided penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI) frequency, and for women, VOC., Main Outcome Measures: Correlations between satisfaction measures and IIEF-5 scores separately by sex. To examine sex differences: t-test for IIEF-5 score and tests for difference of a correlation for associations of IIEF-5 with satisfaction measures. Analysis of covariance examined the association of IIEF-5 scores and VOC. Multiple regression calculated satisfaction scores from IIEF-5, PVI frequency, age, and for women: VOC., Results: IIEF-5 scores generated by men and by women were similar, and similarly positively correlated with all satisfaction measures (r: 0.41-0.45 with sexual, 0.23-0.34 with other; all P < 0.001). IIEF-5 correlated positively with VOC. Multivariate analyses indicated IIEF-5 scores; PVI frequency (and for women, VOC) make independent contributions to aspects of satisfaction for both sexes., Conclusions: In this representative sample, women generated IIEF-5 scores similar to men-generated scores. For both sexes, greater IIEF-5 scores and PVI frequency (plus VOC for women) are associated with greater sexual and nonsexual satisfaction. Better erectile function was associated with greater VOC. Greater support for optimizing specifically PVI function, frequency, and quality is warranted., (© 2011 International Society for Sexual Medicine.)

Introduction: This article presents the results of representative national studies comparing the behavior and attitudes of Czech and Romanian women regarding abortion and contraception use., Aim: Describe the attitudes to abortion and incidence of abortion in female population of these countries., Methods: Independently and anonymously conducted questionnaire with 1,011 Czech and 1,001 Romanian women, with the participants' age from 15 to 50 years. The sample represented both Czech and Romanian female populations with respect to age, education, and the size of their place of residence., Main Outcome Measures: Questionnaire studies awareness, attitudes, and behavior related to the area of sexual life, contraception, and family planning., Results: Based on the acquired information, it can be postulated that Romanian women, despite having a less liberal opinion on abortions than their Czech peers, undergo abortion more often than Czech women (Romanian 28%, Czech 16%), are less informed about potential side effects, and more often use less reliable methods of contraception (the so-called "natural contraception"-vs. hormonal contraception, which is the method of choice of Czech women)., Conclusion: These results indicate that despite more liberal attitudes toward abortion, Czech women have less frequent incidence of abortion than Romanian women and they have more relevant information about contraception and their sexual behavior is more conscious and responsible., (© 2010 International Society for Sexual Medicine.)

Introduction: Previous multivariate research found that satisfaction was associated positively with frequency of specifically penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI; as opposed to other sexual activities) as well as with vaginal orgasm. The contribution to satisfaction of simultaneous orgasm produced by PVI merited direct examination in a large representative sample., Aims: To examine the associations of aspects of satisfaction (sexual, life, own mental health, partner relationship) with consistency of simultaneous orgasm produced by PVI (as well as with PVI frequency and vaginal orgasm consistency)., Methods: A representative sample of Czechs (N = 1,570) aged 35-65 years completed a survey on aspects of satisfaction, PVI frequency, vaginal orgasm consistency, and consistency of simultaneous orgasm produced by PVI (the latter being a specially timed version of vaginal orgasm for women)., Main Outcome Measures: Analysis of variance of satisfaction components (LiSat scale items) from age and the sexual behaviors., Results: For both sexes, all aspects of satisfaction were associated with simultaneous PVI orgasm consistency and with PVI frequency (except female life satisfaction). All aspects of satisfaction were also associated with vaginal orgasm consistency. Multivariate analyses indicated that PVI frequency and simultaneous orgasm consistency make independent contributions to the aspects of satisfaction for both sexes., Conclusions: For both sexes, PVI frequency and simultaneous orgasm produced by PVI (as well as vaginal orgasm for women) are associated with greater life, sexual, partnership, and mental health satisfaction. Greater support for these specific aspects of sexual activity is warranted., (© 2010 International Society for Sexual Medicine.)

Objective: To investigate the contraceptive behaviour of Czech and Romanian women and their attitudes towards different forms of contraception., Study Design: Anonymous questionnaire research among 1011 Czech and 1001 Romanian women between 15 and 50 years of age. The samples were representative of both the Czech and Romanian female populations with respect to age, education and the size of their place of residence., Results: The majority of women use contraception when in a stable sexual relationship. We found a higher percentage of women using contraception among Czech women. Romanian women more often use less reliable methods in a stable relationship, and condoms. Czech women use hormonal contraception much more. Women in the Czech Republic would more often agree to use a condom and, in particular, to use hormonal and intrauterine contraception. More Romanian women than Czech women prefer the method of infertile days. The use of contraception is influenced by the factors of age, education and size of the place of residence., Conclusion: The majority of Czech and Romanian women protect themselves against unwanted pregnancy. Czech women are more frequent users of contraceptives in general and, in particular, of hormonal contraception. Romanian women tend to use less reliable methods of contraception but on the other hand, they more often use condoms as a means of protection., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Representative samples of the Czech population were surveyed with regard to sexual behavior in 1993, 1998, 2003, and 2008 (N = 7,720). Lifetime prevalence of Heterosexual Anal Intercourse increased from 1993 to 2008 (16.6% to 19.7% among women, 15.7% to 25.3% among men). Anal intercourse was associated with lifetime number of sex partners, current masturbation, and histories (prevalence of which increased from 1993 to 2008) of homosexual sex, prostitution, venereal disease (adjusted for number of sex partners), and women's sexual dysfunction. The authors discuss the possible reasons for the increasing prevalence and the associations. Multivariate predictors of ever having a sexual dysfunction or a venereal disease are also presented.

Introduction: Evidence was recently provided for vaginal orgasm, orgasm triggered purely by penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI), being associated with better psychological functioning. Common sex education and sexual medicine approaches might undermine vaginal orgasm benefits., Aims: To examine the extent to which women's vaginal orgasm consistency is associated with (i) being told in childhood or adolescence that the vagina was the important zone for inducing female orgasm; (ii) how well they focus mentally on vaginal sensations during PVI; (iii) greater PVI duration; and (iv) preference for above-average penis length., Methods:   In a representative sample of the Czech population, 1,000 women reported their vaginal orgasm consistency (from never to almost every time; only 21.9% never had a vaginal orgasm), estimates of their typical foreplay and PVI durations, what they were told in childhood and adolescence was the important zone for inducing female orgasm, their degree of focus on vaginal sensations during PVI, and whether they were more likely to orgasm with a longer than average penis., Main Outcome Measures: The association of vaginal orgasm consistency with the predictors noted above., Results: Vaginal orgasm consistency was associated with all hypothesized correlates. Multivariate analysis indicated the most important predictors were being educated that the vagina is important for female orgasm, being mentally focused on vaginal sensations during PVI, and in some analyses duration of PVI (but not foreplay) and preferring a longer than average penis., Conclusions: Focusing attention on penile-vaginal sensation supports vaginal orgasm and the myriad benefits thereof. Brody S, and Weiss P. Vaginal orgasm is associated with vaginal (not clitoral) sex education, focusing mental attention on vaginal sensations, intercourse duration, and a preference for a longer penis., (© 2009 International Society for Sexual Medicine.)

Introduction: Sexual medicine would benefit from large representative surveys examining the prevalence of genital female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) symptoms (with and without the increasingly controversial distress criterion), as well as novel FSAD correlates and potential "protective" factors., Aims: To examine the extent to which genital FSAD symptoms, with and without a distress criterion, are associated with both historical and current aspects of sexual behavior., Methods: In a representative sample of the Czech population (aged 15-88), 1,000 women were asked whether they currently have impaired lubrication and vaginal swelling (and if so, if this produces marked distress or interpersonal difficulty). They provided details of vaginal orgasm (induced by penile-vaginal intercourse [PVI] without clitoral masturbation) consistency, feelings during their first PVI, estimates of their typical foreplay and PVI durations, their degree of mental focus on vaginal sensations during PVI, among other factors., Main Outcome Measures: The current prevalence of FSAD with and without a distress criterion and their associations with current and antecedent sexual behaviors and responses., Results: The current prevalence of FSAD was 10.3% without, plus 7.5% with a distress criterion (which tended to be associated with more impairments than without distress). History of vaginal orgasm (odds ratio = 2.78), never masturbating (odds ratio = 2.4), not having felt pain and discomfort on first PVI (odds ratio = 2.27), and not having frequent anal intercourse are protective against FSAD with distress, but not without distress. Age (especially over 50) and inadequate focusing of mental attention on vaginal sensations during PVI are associated with increased FSAD risk both with and without distress., Conclusions: FSAD with and without distress appear to be different entities to some extent, with the distressed group showing more long-term signs of psychosexual impairment. We suggest that FSAD with and without distress be considered two different disorders.

Introduction: It has been asserted that women's likelihood or consistency of partnered orgasm (her orgasm as a result of sexual activities with a partner) is determined by duration of foreplay, but not by duration of penile-vaginal intercourse., Aims: The objective was to examine the extent to which women's likelihood or consistency of partnered orgasm is associated with duration of foreplay, duration of penile-vaginal intercourse, and age., Methods: In a representative sample of the Czech population, 2,360 women reported their consistency of orgasm with a partner (from "never" to "almost every time"), and estimates of their typical durations of foreplay and of penile-vaginal intercourse., Main Outcome Measures: The association of consistency of partnered orgasm with typical durations of both foreplay and penile-vaginal intercourse., Results: In univariate analyses, consistency of partnered orgasm was more associated with penile-vaginal intercourse duration than with foreplay duration (consistency also correlated negatively with age). In multivariate analysis, foreplay ceased to be a significant correlate of partnered orgasm consistency (the exclusion of respondents reporting a penile-vaginal intercourse duration of 1 minute or less did not alter the results)., Conclusions: When both sexual activity categories are examined in tandem on a population level, women's likelihood or consistency of partnered orgasm is associated with penile-vaginal intercourse duration, but not with foreplay duration. In contrast to the assumptions of many sex therapists and educators, more attention should be given to improve the quality and duration of penile-vaginal intercourse rather than foreplay.