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Breast milk naturally contains lactic acid bacteria, but their precise origin remains a subject of debate. In this study, we utilized a rat mastitis animal model to investigate the potential of a breast milk-derived probiotic strain, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9, in alleviating mastitis and enhancing the efficacy of antibiotic treatment. Through histopathological analysis of mammary tissue, we observed that Probio-M9 effectively relieved mastitis, mitigated inflammation, and improved the response to antibiotic treatment. Metagenomic analysis further revealed that Probio-M9 enhanced interactions among gut microbes, accompanied by an increase in the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae and the regulation of specific genes and carbohydrate-active enzymes, subsequently impacting host immunity. Additionally, an intriguing finding was the translocation of live Probio-M9 from the gut to the mammary tissue only during bacterial mastitis and lactation, likely facilitated through lymphatic circulation. These findings advance our understanding of the intricate gut-mammary axis and provide valuable insights into the potential health benefits of probiotic interventions., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024 The Author(s). iMeta published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of iMeta Science.)

Background: Giant ovarian cysts (GOCs)complicated with progressive bulbar paralysis (PBP) are very rare, and no such literature about these cases have been reported. Through the diagnosis and treatment of this case, the perioperative related treatment of such patients was analyzed in detail, and early-stage ovarian mucinous carcinoma was unexpectedly found during the treatment, which provided reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of this kind of diseases., Case Presentation: In this article, we reported a 38-year-old female patient. The patient was diagnosed with PBP 2 years ago. Examination revealed a large fluid-dominated cystic solid mass in the pelvis measuring approximately 28.6×14.2×8.0 cm. Carbohydrate antigen19-9(CA19-9) 29.20 IU/mL and no other significant abnormalities were observed. The patient eventually underwent transabdominal right adnexal resection under regional anesthesia, epidural block. Postoperative pathology showed mucinous carcinoma in some areas of the right ovary. The patient was staged as stage IA, and surveillance was chosen. With postoperative follow-up 1 month later, her CA19-9 decreased to 14.50 IU/ml., Conclusions: GOCs combined with PBP patients require a multi-disciplinary treatment. Preoperative evaluation of the patient's PBP progression, selection of the surgical approach in relation to the patient's fertility requirements, the nature of the ovarian cyst and systemic condition are required. Early mucinous ovarian cancer accidentally discovered after operation and needs individualized treatment according to the guidelines and the patient's situation. The patient's dysphagia and respiratory function should be closely monitored during the perioperative period. In addition, moral support from the family is also very important., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Cesarean scar defect (CSD) presents as a cystic defect that connects the uterine cavity at the site of the previous cesarean section (CS). Endometriosis refers to the discovery of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Cases of endometriosis cysts at CSD have not been reported., Case Presentation: In this article, we will present a patient with an endometriosis cyst at CSD with symptoms of a prolonged menstrual cycle, periods without cyclic abdominal pain, and a history of cesarean delivery. The gynecologic ultrasound showed a CSD and a mixed mass in the right front of the uterus. After about 1 month, the tumor grew from a diameter of 4.75 cm to 8.06 × 6.23 × 3.66 cm. The patient eventually had an operation, which revealed a mass protruding from the incision in the anterior uterine wall, which was attached to the anterior uterine wall by a thin tip with a smooth surface. Intraoperative rapid cytopathology suggested that endometrial glands were seen within the smooth muscle tissue, similar to endometriosis. Subsequently, the patient underwent resection of the endometriotic cyst. Final paraffin pathology showed smooth muscle with visible endometrial glands and old hemorrhage, and a one-year follow-up showed no recurrence of endometriosis cysts at CSD., Conclusions: Endometriosis cysts at CSD are very rare. The clinical symptoms may be less obvious, and the diagnosis relies mainly on the patient's previous surgical history and imaging. A finding of a pelvic mass in the location of the CSD, with or without symptoms of menstrual changes and intermittent abdominal pain, should be considered an endometriotic cyst at CSD. Surgical treatment is a good choice for this disease. Further studies are needed regarding the etiological mechanism of this case and why the mass enlarged rapidly in one mouth., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Ion exchange membranes (IEMs), as a part of the reverse electrodialysis (RED) system, play an important role in salinity gradient power (SGP) generation. Structure optimization of IEMs is critical to increase the power production by RED. In this work, metal organic framework (MOF)-derived nanoporous carbons (hollow zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-derived nanoporous carbons, HZCs) were incorporated in a sulfonated poly (2, 6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (sPPO) membrane to prepare an organic-inorganic nanocomposite cation exchange membrane (CEM). Physicochemical properties, electrochemical properties, and power generation of the synthesized nanocomposite membranes with different HZCs loading were characterized. The results show that the incorporated HZCs could tailor the microstructure of the membrane matrix, providing a superior performance of the nanocomposite membrane. With a HZCs loading of 1.0 wt.%, the nanocomposite membrane possessed the highest permselectivity of 77.61% and the lowest area resistance of 0.42 Ω·cm 2 , along with a super gross power density of 0.45 W/m 2 , which was 87.5% (about 1.87 times) higher than that of the blank sPPO membrane. Therefore, incorporating of an appropriate amount of HZCs in the ion-exchange membrane can improve the performance of the membrane, providing a promising method to increase the power generation of the RED system.

With the excellent merits of both solid conductors and rheological fluids, liquid metal (LM) provides new opportunities to serve as flexible building blocks of miniaturized electronic and fluidic devices. The phenomenon of continuous electrowetting (CEW) has been long utilized for actuating LM contents in buffer medium, wherein an externally imposed voltage difference is responsible of manipulating the interfacial tension of deformable LM droplets. CEW effectively lowers the surface tension at the LM/electrolyte interface by driving bipolar counterions to the surface of conducting droplet. Since surface tension coefficient relies sensitively on the local voltage drop across the induced double layer, an electric-analogy Marangoni effect occurs even under a rather weak electric field in the presence of a surface gradient of the interfacial tension. CEW of LM routinely induces unidirectional pumping of electrolyte in the direction of applied electric field, with LM droplet translating oppositely within the device channel. Although this subject has received great attention from the microfluidic society in the past decade, previous reports concerned either the individual delivery of the suspension medium or the transport of LM droplet. Starting from this point, we offer herein a fully coupled physical description of two-phase flow dynamics occurring in CEW. The proposed simulation model successfully incorporates the synergy of the interfacial electrokinetic momentum transfer, surface tension on a curved surface, contact angle at the three-phase contact line as well as the gravity force density. The spatial-temporal motion of the contact interface is traced instantly with a moving mesh approach. By direct numerical simulation, the importance of the direct-current bias, additional alternating-current forcing, droplet size, initial ion adsorption in the process of CEW is addressed. Additionally, it is discovered that increasing the number of LM droplet is more cost-effective than enhancing the volume of a single drop in terms of achieving an improvement of the resulted electrocapillary pump performance, while the translational speed of the discrete droplet carrier does not make an observable change in response to a variation in the drop number. These results prove invaluable in terms of an elaborate design of smart on-chip electrokinetic frameworks embedding flexible LM contents in modern micro-total-analytical systems., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The CB2 receptor plays a crucial role in analgesia and anti-inflammation. To develop novel CB2 agonists with high efficacy and selectivity, a series of indole derivatives with N -ethyl morpholine moieties (compounds 1-56 ) were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated. Compounds 1 , 2 , 3 , 46 and 53 exhibited high CB2 receptor affinity at low nanomolar concentrations and good receptor selectivity (EC 50 (CB1)/EC 50 (CB2) greater than 1000). The most active compound, compound 2 , was more potent than the standard drug GW405833 for in vitro agonistic action on the CB2 receptor. More importantly, in a rat model for CFA-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia, compound 2 had a potent anti-inflammatory pain effect within 12 hours after administration. At the 1 h time point, compound 2 had a dose-dependent reversal for hyperalgesia with an estimated ED 50 value of 1.097 mg kg -1 . Moreover, compound 2 significantly suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in CFA-induced lesions. These protective effects of compound 2 on inflammatory pain were superior to those of GW405833, suggesting that compound 2 may be a promising therapeutic drug that needs further validation., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019.)

C 6 -Schiff bases derivatives of chitosan were synthesized for the first time. C 2 -amino groups and C 3 -hydroxy groups were firstly protected by CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O, and the C 6 -hydroxy was then transformed into aldehyde, which then reacted with anilines through nucleophilic addition to introduce the CN group at C 6 -position in chitosan chain. Finally, C 6 -Schiff bases derivatives of chitosan were got by the deprotection of C 2 -NH 2 with cation exchange resin. The structures and properties of the new synthesized products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 13 C NMR, SEM image, and elemental analysis. The antibacterial activities of derivatives were tested in the experiment, and the results showed that the prepared chitosan derivatives had significantly improved antibacterial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The Cytotoxicity test showed that the prepared chitosan derivatives had low Cytotoxicity, compared with chitosan and C 2 -benzaldehyde Schiff bases of chitosan. This paper allowed a new method for the synthesis of Schiff bases of chitosan, which was enlightening., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In the title mol-ecule, C(24)H(32)N(4)O(2), the piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation and the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 35.4 (1)°. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link mol-ecules into chains along [001].

The title compound, C(2)H(10)N(2) (2+)·2C(10)H(9)N(2)O(-), is composed of deprotonated 5-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one anions (PMP(-)) and protonated ethyl-enediamine cations (H(2)en(2+)). The ethyl-enediammonium ion is located on a crystallographic inversion center. The dihedral angle between the phenyl and pyrazole rings is 39.73 (8)°. The two components are connected through N-H⋯O and N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming an infinite three-dimensional network.