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TanSat is the 1st Chinese carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) measurement satellite, launched in 2016. In this study, the University of Leicester Full Physics (UoL-FP) algorithm is implemented for TanSat nadir mode XCO 2 retrievals. We develop a spectrum correction method to reduce the retrieval errors by the online fitting of an 8 th order Fourier series. The spectrum-correction model and its a priori parameters are developed by analyzing the solar calibration measurement. This correction provides a significant improvement to the O 2 A band retrieval. Accordingly, we extend the previous TanSat single CO 2 weak band retrieval to a combined O 2 A and CO 2 weak band retrieval. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been applied to determine the threshold values of post-screening filters. In total, 18.3% of the retrieved data is identified as high quality compared to the original measurements. The same quality control parameters have been used in a footprint independent multiple linear regression bias correction due to the strong correlation with the XCO 2 retrieval error. Twenty sites of the Total Column Carbon Observing Network (TCCON) have been selected to validate our new approach for the TanSat XCO 2 retrieval. We show that our new approach produces a significant improvement on the XCO 2 retrieval accuracy and precision when compared to TCCON with an average bias and RMSE of -0.08 ppm and 1.47 ppm, respectively. The methods used in this study can help to improve the XCO 2 retrieval from TanSat and subsequently the Level-2 data production, and hence will be applied in the TanSat operational XCO 2 processing., (©2020. The Authors.)

A Bruker Optics IFS 125HR Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) and the Laboratoire de Physique Moléculaire pour l'Atmosphère et l'Astrophysique retrieval algorithm were adapted for ground based atmospheric measurements. As one of the major instruments of the experimental research platform QualAir, this FTS is dedicated to study the urban air composition of large megacity such as Paris. The precise concentration measurements of the most important atmospheric pollutants are a key to improve the understanding and modeling of urban air pollution processes. Located in the center of Paris, this remote sensing spectrometer enables to monitor many pollutants. Examples for NO(2) and CO are demonstrating the performances of this new experimental setup.

L-Cysteine and methionine are unique amino acids that act as sulfur donors in all organisms. In the specific case of Trypanosomatids, L-cysteine is particularly relevant as a substrate in the synthesis of trypanothione. Although it can be synthesized de novo, L-cysteine is actively transported in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote cells. L-Cysteine uptake is highly specific; none of the amino acids assayed yield significant differences in terms of transport rates. L-Cysteine is transported by epimastigote cells with a calculated apparent K(m) of 49.5 microM and a V(max) of about 13 pmol min(-1) per 10(7) cells. This transport is finely regulated by amino acid starvation, extracellular pH, and between the parasite growth phases. In addition, L-cysteine is incorporated post-translationally into proteins, suggesting its role in iron-sulfur core formation. Finally, the metabolic fates of Lcysteine were predicted in silico.

Laboratoire de Physique Moléculaire et Applications (LPMA)/Infrared Atmospheric Sounding interferometer (IASI) balloon is a calibrated infrared Fourier transform spectrometer that is used to measure the Earth's atmospheric emission (650-3000 cm(-1)). Operating under a stratospheric balloon, this spectroradiometer provides radiometrically calibrated spectra with an apodized spectral resolution of 0.1 cm(-1), which can be used to retrieve the concentration of atmospheric trace gases such as H2O, CO2, CO, O3, N2O, and CH4. The radiometric calibration is performed by use of two reference blackbodies. A reference cavity (LPMA blackbody) has been developed to validate the radiometric calibration procedure and to characterize the instrument performances. One goal of the LPMA/IASI balloon is the preparation of the IASI mission, which is a satellite instrument dedicated primarily to operational meteorology. A description of the LPMA/IASI balloon, its performances, and the results obtained during the first flight of the instrument are presented.