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Edible offal of farmed animals can accumulate cadmium (Cd). However, no studies have investigated Cd bioavailability and its health effects. Here, based on mouse models, market pork kidney samples exhibited high Cd relative bioavailability of 74.5 ± 11.2% (n = 26), close to 83.8 ± 7.80% in Cd-rice (n = 5). This was mainly due to high vitamin D 3 content in pork kidney, causing 1.7-2.3-fold up-regulated expression of duodenal Ca transporter genes in mice fed pork kidney compared to mice fed Cd-rice, favoring Cd intestinal absorption via Ca transporters. However, although pork kidney was high in Cd bioavailability, subchronic low-dose (5% in diet) consumption of two pork kidney samples having 0.48 and 0.97 μg Cd g -1 dw over 35 d did not lead to significant Cd accumulation in the tissue of mice fed Cd-free rice but instead remarkably decreased Cd accumulation in the tissue of mice fed Cd-rice (0.48 μg Cd g -1 ) by ∼50% and increased abundance of gut probiotics ( Faecalibaculum and Lactobacillus ). Overall, this study contributed to our understanding of the bioavailability and health effects associated with Cd in edible offal, providing mechanistic insights into pork kidney consumption safety based on Cd bioavailability.

Background: The gut microbiome is central to human health, but the potential impact of ozone (O 3 ) exposure on its establishment in early life has not been thoroughly examined. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between prenatal O 3 exposure and the variations of the human gut microbiome during the first two years of life., Design: A cohort study design was used. Pregnant women in the third trimester were recruited from an obstetric clinic, and long-term follow-ups were conducted after delivery. The gut microbiome was analyzed using the 16 S rRNA V3-V4 gene regions. Functional pathway analyses of gut microbial communities in neonates were performed using Tax4fun. The average concentrations of ambient O 3 and other air pollutants from pregnancy to delivery were calculated using the China High Air Pollutants (CHAP) dataset, based on the permanent residential addresses of participants. Multiple linear regression and mixed linear models were utilized to investigate the associations between prenatal O 3 exposure and gut microbiome features., Results: Prenatal O 3 exposure did not significantly affect the gut microbial alpha diversity of mothers and neonates. However, it was found to be positively associated with the gut microbial alpha diversity in 24-month-old infants. Prenatal O 3 exposure explained 13.1 % of the variation in neonatal gut microbial composition. After controlling for potential covariates, prenatal O 3 exposure was associated with neonatal-specific gut microbial taxa and functional pathways. Furthermore, the mixed linear models showed that prenatal O 3 exposure was negatively associated with variations of Streptococcus (p-value = 0.001, q-value = 0.005), Enterococcus (p-value = 0.001, q-value = 0.005), Escherichia-Shigella (p-value = 0.010, q-value = 0.025), and Bifidobacterium (p-value = 0.003, q-value = 0.010)., Conclusions: This study is the first to examine the effects of prenatal O 3 exposure on gut microbial homeostasis and variations. It demonstrates that prenatal O 3 exposure is associated with variations in certain aspects of the gut microbiome. These findings provide novel insights into the dynamics and establishment of the human microbiome during the first two years of life., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The involvement of the right hemisphere, mainly the activation of the right cerebral regions, in recovery from post-stroke aphasia has been widely recognized. In contrast, the role of the right white matter pathways in the recovery from post-stroke aphasia is rarely understood. In this study, we aimed to provide a primary overview of the correlation between the structural integrity of the right hemispheric neural tracts based on the dual-stream model of language organization and recovery from post-stroke aphasia by systematically reviewing prior longitudinal interventional studies. By searching electronic databases for relevant studies according to a standard protocol, a total of 10 records (seven group studies and three case studies) including 79 participants were finally included. After comprehensively analyzing these studies and reviewing the literature, although no definite correlation was found between the right hemispheric neural tracts and recovery from post-stroke aphasia, our review provideds a new perspective for investigating the linguistic role of the right hemispheric neural tracts. This suggests that the involvement of the right hemispheric neural tracts in recovery from post-stroke aphasia may be mediated by multiple factors; thus, this topic should be comprehensively investigated in the future., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Seed deterioration during storage is a major problem in agricultural and forestry production and for germplasm conservation. Our previous studies have shown that a mitochondrial outer membrane protein VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT ANION CHANNEL (VDAC) is involved in programmed cell death-like viability loss during the controlled deterioration treatment (CDT) of elm (Ulmus pumila L.) seeds, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that the oxidative modification of GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (GAPDH) is functioned in the gate regulation of VDAC during the CDT of elm seeds. Through biochemical and cytological methods and observations of transgenic material [Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), Nicotiana benthamiana, and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)], we demonstrate that cysteine S-glutathionylated UpGAPDH1 interacts with UpVDAC3 during seed aging, which leads to a mitochondrial permeability transition and aggravation of cell death, as indicated by the leakage of the mitochondrial proapoptotic factor cytochrome c and the emergence of apoptotic nucleus. Physiological assays and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis revealed that GAPDH glutathionylation is mediated by increased glutathione, which might be caused by increases in the concentrations of free metals, especially Zn. Introduction of the Zn-specific chelator TPEN [(N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine)] significantly delayed seed aging. We conclude that glutathionylated UpGAPDH1 interacts with UpVDAC3 and serves as a proapoptotic protein for VDAC-gating regulation and cell death initiation during seed aging., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement. There are no conflicts of interest., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions globally. It encompasses both motor and non-motor symptoms, with a notable impact on patients' quality of life. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive tool that is increasingly utilized to investigate neural mechanisms in PD, identify early diagnostic markers, and assess therapeutic responses., Methods: The data were sourced from the Science Citation Index Expanded within the Web of Science Core Collection database, focusing on publications related to EEG research in PD from 2004 to 2023. A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was conducted using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software. The analysis began with an evaluation of the selected publications, identifying leading countries, institutions, authors, and journals, as well as co-cited references, to summarize the current state of EEG research in PD. Keywords are employed to identify research topics that are currently of interest in this field through the analysis of high-frequency keyword co-occurrence and cluster analysis. Finally, burst keywords were identified to uncover emerging trends and research frontiers in the field, highlighting shifts in interest and identifying future research directions., Results: A total of 1,559 publications on EEG research in PD were identified. The United States, Germany, and England have made notable contributions to the field. The University of London is the leading institution in terms of publication output, with the University of California closely following. The most prolific authors are Brown P, Fuhr P, and Stam C In terms of total citations and per-article citations, Stam C has the highest number of citations, while Brown P has the highest H-index. In terms of the total number of publications, Clinical Neurophysiology is the leading journal, while Brain is the most highly cited. The most frequently cited articles pertain to software toolboxes for EEG analysis, neural oscillations, and PD pathophysiology. Through analyzing the keywords, four research hotspots were identified: research on the neural oscillations and connectivity, research on the innovations in EEG Analysis, impact of therapies on EEG, and research on cognitive and emotional assessments., Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis demonstrates a growing global interest in EEG research in PD. The investigation of neural oscillations and connectivity remains a primary focus of research. The application of machine learning, deep learning, and task analysis techniques offers promising avenues for future research in EEG and PD, suggesting the potential for advancements in this field. This study offers valuable insights into the major research trends, influential contributors, and evolving themes in this field, providing a roadmap for future exploration., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Liao, Gao, Qian, Zhou, Li, Gong and Ye.)

There is an urgent need to develop phototherapeutic agents with imaging capabilities to assess the treatment process and efficacy in real-time during cancer phototherapy for precision cancer therapy. The safe near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dyes have garnered significant attention and are desirable for theranostics agents. However, until now, achieving excellent photostability and fluorescence (FL) imaging capability in aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) dyes remains a big challenge. Here, for the only FDA-approved NIR dye, indocyanine green (ICG), we developed a dual-ferrocene (Fc) chimeric nanonetwork ICG@HFFC based on the rigid-flexible strategy through one-step self-assembly, which uses rigid Fc-modified hyaluronic acid (HA) copolymer (HA-Fc) and flexible octadecylamine (ODA) bonded Fc (Fc-C 18 ) as the delivery system. HA-Fc reserved the ability of HA to target the CD44 receptor of the tumor cell surface, and the dual-Fc region provided a rigid space for securely binding ICG through metal-ligand interaction and π-π conjugation, ensuring excellent photostability. Additionally, the alkyl chain provided flexible confinement for the remaining ICG through hydrophobic forces, preserving its FL. Thereby, a balance is achieved between outstanding photostability and FL imaging capability. In vitro studies showed improved photobleaching resistance, enhanced FL stability, and increased singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) production efficiency in ICG@HFFC. Further in vivo results display that ICG@HFFC had good tumor tracing ability and significant tumor inhibition which also exhibited good biocompatibility.. Therefore, ICG@HFFC provides an encouraging strategy to realize simultaneous enhanced tumor tracing and photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT) and offers a novel approach to address the limitations of ACQ dyes.

Investigating the genetic underpinnings of human aging is essential for unraveling the etiology of and developing actionable therapies for chronic diseases. Here, we characterize the genetic architecture of the biological age gap (BAG; the difference between machine learning-predicted age and chronological age) across nine human organ systems in 377,028 participants of European ancestry from the UK Biobank. The BAGs were computed using cross-validated support vector machines, incorporating imaging, physical traits and physiological measures. We identify 393 genomic loci-BAG pairs (P < 5 × 10 -8 ) linked to the brain, eye, cardiovascular, hepatic, immune, metabolic, musculoskeletal, pulmonary and renal systems. Genetic variants associated with the nine BAGs are predominantly specific to the respective organ system (organ specificity) while exerting pleiotropic links with other organ systems (interorgan cross-talk). We find that genetic correlation between the nine BAGs mirrors their phenotypic correlation. Further, a multiorgan causal network established from two-sample Mendelian randomization and latent causal variance models revealed potential causality between chronic diseases (for example, Alzheimer's disease and diabetes), modifiable lifestyle factors (for example, sleep duration and body weight) and multiple BAGs. Our results illustrate the potential for improving human organ health via a multiorgan network, including lifestyle interventions and drug repurposing strategies., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases 1 (PARP1) is a critical enzyme involved in DNA damage repair. It belongs to a super family of proteins and catalyzes poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation). PARP1 inhibitors are effective to treat tumors that have homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) such as the ones with BRCA1/2 mutations. The PARP1 inhibitors that have been approved by FDA inhibit both PARP1 and PARP2. PARP2 has also been suggested to have similar function in DNA repair as PARP1. In addition to inhibiting PARP1 enzymatic activities, PARP1 inhibitors also cause PARP1 enzyme to be "trapped" on DNA which leads to DNA replication fork to stall and eventually double-strand DNA breaks and cell death. Here, we report a PARP1 inhibitor, Senaparib, which has a novel chemical structure and high potency inhibiting PARP1/2 enzymes. Senaparib was highly potent in cell viability tests against tumor cells with BRCA1/2 mutations. It was efficacious in CDX and PDX xenograft models in tumor harboring BRCA1/2 mutations. In combination studies, Senaparib used with temozolomide (TMZ) had shown strong synergistic cytotoxicity in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Senaparib represents a novel class of PARP1 inhibitors that can be used for the treatment of cancer. A phase III clinical study of Senaparib for maintenance treatment following first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced ovarian cancer has met its primary endpoint, and a new drug application of Senaparib has been accepted by National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China for review.

2D heterostructuring is a versatile methodology for designing nanoarchitecture catalytic systems that allow for reconstruction and modulation of interfaces and electronic structures. However, catalysts with such structures are extremely scarce due to limited synthetic strategies. Here, a highly ordered 2D Ru/Si/Ru/Si… nano-heterostructures (RSHS) is reported by acid etching of the LaRuSi electride. RSHS shows a superior electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution with an overpotential of 14 mV at 10 mA cm -2 in alkaline media. Both experimental analysis and first-principles calculations demonstrate that the electronic states of Ru can be tuned by strong interactions of the interfacial Ru-Si, leading to an optimized hydrogen adsorption energy. Moreover, due to the synergistic effect of Ru and Si, the energy barrier of water dissociation is significantly reduced. The well-organized superlattice structure will provide a paradigm for construction of efficient catalysts with tunable electronic states and dual active sites., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Understanding the genetic basis of biological aging in multi-organ systems is vital for elucidating age-related disease mechanisms and identifying therapeutic interventions. This study characterized the genetic architecture of the biological age gap (BAG) across nine human organ systems in 377,028 individuals of European ancestry from the UK Biobank. We discovered 393 genomic loci-BAG pairs (P-value<5×10 -8 ) linked to the brain, eye, cardiovascular, hepatic, immune, metabolic, musculoskeletal, pulmonary, and renal systems. We observed BAG-organ specificity and inter-organ connections. Genetic variants associated with the nine BAGs are predominantly specific to the respective organ system while exerting pleiotropic effects on traits linked to multiple organ systems. A gene-drug-disease network confirmed the involvement of the metabolic BAG-associated genes in drugs targeting various metabolic disorders. Genetic correlation analyses supported Cheverud's Conjecture 1 - the genetic correlation between BAGs mirrors their phenotypic correlation. A causal network revealed potential causal effects linking chronic diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), body weight, and sleep duration to the BAG of multiple organ systems. Our findings shed light on promising therapeutic interventions to enhance human organ health within a complex multi-organ network, including lifestyle modifications and potential drug repositioning strategies for treating chronic diseases. All results are publicly available at https://labs-laboratory.com/medicine., Competing Interests: Competing Interests None

Twenty 3-acyloxymaltol/ethyl maltol derivatives ( 7a-j and 8a-j ) were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their anti-oomycete activity against Phytophthora capsici , respectively. Among all of twenty derivatives, more than half of the compounds 7f , 7h , 8a-h and 8j had anti-oomycete activity higher than the positive control zoxamide (EC 50 = 22.23 mg/L), and the EC 50 values of 18.66, 20.32, 12.80, 16.18, 10.59, 14.98, 16.80, 10.36, 15.32, 12.64, and 13.59 mg/L, respectively. Especially, compounds 8c and 8f exhibited the best anti-oomycete activity against P. capsici with EC 50 values of 10.59 and 10.36 mg/L, respectively. Overall, hydroxyl group of maltol/ethyl maltol is important active modification site.

Background: Adolescent malignant-bone tumor patients' fear of cancer recurrence is a significant psychological issue, and exploring the influencing factors associated with fear of cancer recurrence in this population is important for developing effective interventions. This study is to investigate the current status and factors influencing fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) related to malignant bone-tumors in adolescent patients, providing evidence for future targeted mental health support and interventions., Design: A cross-sectional survey., Methods: In total, 269 adolescent malignant-bone tumor cases were treated at two hospitals in Zhejiang Province, China from January 2023 to December 2023. Patients completed a General Information Questionnaire, Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), Family Hardiness Index (FHI), and a Simple Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions analysis were used to assess fear of cancer recurrence., Results: A total of 122 (45.4%) patients experienced FCR (FoP-Q-SF ≥ 34). Logistic regression analysis analyses showed that per capita-monthly family income, tumor stage, communication between the treating physician and the patient, patient's family relationships, family hardiness a positive coping score, and a negative coping score were the main factors influencing FCR in these patients (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: FCR in malignant-bone tumor adolescent patients is profound. Healthcare professionals should develop targeted interventional strategies based on the identified factors, which affect these patients; helping patients increase family hardiness, helping patients to positively adapt, and avoid negative coping styles., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: The gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH-a) have been widely used for controlled ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology (ART). The early-follicular long-acting GnRH-a long protocol (EFL) and the luteal phase short-acting GnRH-a long protocol (LPS) are commonly used GnRH agonist protocols. We conducted a retrospective analysis to assess and compare the rates of congenital abnormalities and safety profiles in offspring born from the EFL and LPS protocols., Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to analyze and compare neonatal data from patients who using EFL or LPS protocols at our center between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2017. The study ultimately included 1810 neonates from 1401 cycles using the EFL protocol and 2700 neonates from 2129 cycles using the LPS protocol.The main outcome measures are gestational age at delivery, birth weight, and congenital anomaly rate.To assess the influence of various factors on congenital abnormalities, a random-effects logistic regression model was employed., Results: The EFL and LPS protocols led to similar congenital anomaly rates (1.64% vs. 2.35%, P = 0.149). No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding birth weight and its categories, newborn gender and congenital anomaly rate. The results of the multivariate logistic regression model indicated no association between congenital anomaly and BMI, duration of infertility, treatment protocol, fertilization method, or embryo transfer stage. Compared with singleton pregnancies, the probability of congenital defects in multiple pregnancies was 2.64 times higher (OR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.72-4.05, P < 0.0001). Newborns with congenital defects were born with a lower gestational age compared with full-term pregnancies., Conclusion: In conclusion, the EFL protocol is considered a safe option for ensuring offspring safety, comparable with the LPS protocol; however, multiple pregnancies represent an independent risk factor for congenital abnormalities. This approach can be widely adopted; however, prioritizing single embryo transfers is strongly recommended to minimize the potential risks associated with multiple pregnancies in offspring., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Based on the tensor polarization holography theory, we propose a simple and convenient method in the recording material, phenanthrenequinone-doped polymethylmethacrylate, to generate beams on higher and hybrid-order Poincaré spheres, and realize their polarization evolution on the spheres by combining the recorded phase with the Pancharatnam-Berry phase. By simultaneously adjusting the polarization azimuth angle and relative phase of the recorded waves, independent phase-shifts can be imparted onto two orthogonal circular polarization states in reconstruction process of polarization holography. The beams on basic Poincaré sphere are transformed into that on arbitrary higher or hybrid-order Poincaré spheres. We get the Poincaré spheres' type and polarization distribution of the reconstructed wave by interferometry and polarizer, and the results match well with the theoretical predictions.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical efficacy of oral dydrogesterone and micronized vaginal progesterone (MVP) gel during the first HRT-FET cycle., Methods: A retrospective cohort study based on a total of 344 women undergoing their first HRT-FET cycles without Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone agonist (GnRH-a) pretreatment was conducted. All the cycles were allocated to two groups in the reproductive medical center at the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital. One group (n = 193) received oral dydrogesterone 30 mg/d before embryo transfer, while the other group (n = 151) received MVP gel 180 mg/d., Results: The demographics and baseline characteristics of two groups were comparable. We found no statistically significant difference in live birth rate (24.35% vs. 31.13%, P = 0.16), clinical pregnancy rate (34.72% vs. 36.42%, P = 0.74), embryo implantation rate (25.09% vs. 28.36%, P = 0.43), positive pregnancy rate (42.49% vs 38.41%, P = 0.45), miscarriage rate (9.33% vs 3.97%, P = 0.05), or ectopic pregnancy rate (0.52% vs. 0.66%, P = 0.86) between the oral dydrogesterone group and MVP gel group. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis for covariates, medication used for luteal support was not associated with live birth rate (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.32-1.57, P = 0.45). And the different luteal support medication did not have a significant positive association with the live birth rate in the cycles with day 2 embryo transferred (OR = 1.39, 95% CI:0.66-2.39, P = 0.39) and blastocyst transferred (OR = 1.31 95% CI:0.64-2.69, P = 0.46)., Conclusion: 30 mg/d oral dydrogesterone and 180 mg/d MVP gel revealed similar reproductive outcomes in HRT-FET cycles in the study., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Chinese Oolong tea is widely known for its intricate aroma. However, the degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) poses significant challenges for the tea products. In this study, glutathione (GSH) has an excellent preservation effect on VOCs in both the VOCs extract and the tea infusion during storage, specifically slowing the degradation of hexanal (by 66.39% and 35.09%) and heptanal (by 67.46% and 63.50%). Additionally, the addition of GSH maintained higher levels of active ingredients in tea infusion, including epigallocatechin, procyanidin B1, glutamic acid, and L-(+)-arginine, with respective increases of 184.09, 2.92, 4.10, and 6.35 times. The sulfhydryl group of GSH formed a covalent bond with hexanal and 2-methylbutanal, therefore improving the stability of VOCs. These findings provided a valuable insight for developing effective VOC preservation techniques for water-based tea products., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The water (H 2 O) dissociation is critical for various H 2 O-associated reactions, including water gas shift, hydrogen evolution reaction and hydrolysis corrosion. While the d-band center concept offers a catalyst design guideline for H 2 O activation, it cannot be applied to intermetallic or main group elements-based systems because Coulomb interaction was not considered. Herein, using hydrolysis corrosion of Mg as an example, we illustrate the critical role of the dipole of the intermetallic catalysts for H 2 O dissociation. The H 2 O dissociation kinetics can be enhanced using Mg x Me y (Me=Co, Ni, Cu, Si and Al) as catalysts, and the hydrogen generation rate of Mg 2 Ni-loaded Mg reached 80 times as high as Ni-loaded Mg. The adsorbed H 2 O molecules strongly couple with the Mg-Me dipole of Mg x Me y , lowering the H 2 O dissociation barrier. The dipole-based H 2 O dissociation mechanism is applicable to non-transition metal-based systems, such as Mg 2 Si and Mg 17 Al 12 , offering a flexible catalyst design strategy for controllable H 2 O dissociation., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Purpose: To comprehensively analyze the geographic and temporal trends of foot fracture, understand its health burden by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI), and explore its leading causes from 1990 to 2019., Methods: The datasets in the present study were generated from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019, which included foot fracture data from 1990 to 2019. We extracted estimates along with the 95% uncertainty interval (UI) for the incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) of foot fracture by location, age, gender, and cause. The epidemiology and burden of foot fracture at the global, regional, and national level was exhibited. Next, we presented the age and sex patterns of foot fracture. The leading cause of foot fracture was another focus of this study from the viewpoint of age, sex, and location. Then, Pearson's correlations between age-standardized rate (ASR), SDI, and estimated annual percentage change were calculated., Results: The age-standardized incidence rate was 138.68 (95% UI: 104.88 - 182.53) per 100,000 persons for both sexes, 174.24 (95% UI: 134.35 - 222.49) per 100,000 persons for males, and 102.19 (95% UI: 73.28 - 138.00) per 100,000 persons for females in 2019. The age-standardized YLDs rate was 5.91 (95% UI: 3.58 - 9.25) per 100,000 persons for both genders, 7.35 (95% UI: 4.45 - 11.50) per 100,000 persons for males, and 4.51 (95% UI: 2.75 - 7.03) per 100,000 persons for females in 2019. The global incidence and YLDs of foot fracture increased in number and decreased in ASR from 1990 to 2019. The global geographical distribution of foot fracture is uneven. The incidence rate for males peaked at the age group of 20 - 24 years, while that for females increased with advancing age. The incidence rate of older people was rising, as younger age incidence rate declined from 1990 to 2019. Falls, exposure to mechanical forces, and road traffic injuries were the 3 leading causes of foot fracture. Correlations were observed between ASR, estimated annual percentage change, and SDI., Conclusions: The burden of foot fracture remains high globally, and it poses an enormous public health challenge, with population ageing. It is necessary to allocate more resources to the high-risk populations. Targeted realistic intervention policies and strategies are warranted., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Chinese Medical Association. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). The current treatment for toxoplasmosis remains constrained due to the absence of pharmaceutical interventions. Thus, the pursuit of more efficient targets is of great importance. Lipid metabolism in T. gondii, including fatty acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, and neutral lipid metabolism, assumes a crucial function in T. gondii because those pathways are largely involved in the formation of the membranous structure and cellular processes such as division, invasion, egress, replication, and apoptosis. The inhibitors of T. gondii's lipid metabolism can directly lead to the disturbance of various lipid component levels and serious destruction of membrane structure, ultimately leading to the death of the parasites. In this review, the specific lipid metabolism pathways, correlative enzymes, and inhibitors of lipid metabolism of T. gondii are elaborated in detail to generate novel ideas for the development of anti-T. gondii drugs that target the parasites' lipid metabolism., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Polarized holographic properties play an important role in the holographic data storage of traditional organic recording materials. In this study, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was introduced into a phenanthraquinone-doped polymethylmethacrylate (PQ/PMMA) photopolymer to effectively improve the orthogonal polarization holographic properties of the material. Importantly, the lateral size of RGO nanosheets has an important influence on the polymerization of MMA monomers. To some extent, a larger RGO diameter is more conducive to promoting the polymerization of MMA monomers and can induce more PMMA polymers to be grafted on its surface, thus obtaining a higher PMMA molecular weight. However, too large of a RGO will lead to too much grafting of the PMMA chain to shorten the length of a single PMMA chain, which will lead to the degradation of PQ/PMMA holographic performance. Compared with the original PQ/PMMA, the diffraction efficiency of the RGO-doped PQ/PMMA photopolymer can reach more than 11.4% (more than 3.5 times higher than the original PQ/PMMA), and its photosensitivity is significantly improved by 4.6 times. This study successfully synthesized RGO-doped PQ/PMMA high-performance photopolymer functional materials for multi-dimensional holographic storage by introducing RGO nanoparticles. Furthermore, the polarization holographic properties of PQ/PMMA photopolymer materials can be further accurately improved to a new level.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of exostosin 1 (EXT1) in confirmed and suspected lupus membranous nephropathy (LMN)., Methods: EXT1 was detected in 67 renal tissues of M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R)-negative and ANA-positive membranous nephropathy by immunohistochemistry, and cases were divided into confirmed LMN and suspected LMN. The clinicopathological data were compared among the above groups, as well as EXT1-positive group and EXT1-negative group., Results: Twenty-two cases (73.3%) of confirmed LMN and six cases (16.2%) of suspected LMN exhibited EXT1 expression on the glomerular basement membrane and/or mesangium area, showing a significant difference (p<0.001). Concurrently, lupus nephritis (LN) of pure class V demonstrated a lower frequency of EXT1 positivity compared with mixed class V LN in the confirmed LMN group (31.8% vs 68.2%, p=0.007). EXT1-positive patients in the confirmed and suspected LMN group showed significant differences in some clinicopathological data comparing with EXT1-negative patients (p<0.05). Follow-up data revealed that a greater proportion of patients in the EXT1-positive group achieved complete remission post-treatment (p<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that EXT1 positivity was significantly correlated with complete remission across the entire study cohort (HR 5.647; 95% CI, 1.323 to 12.048; p=0.019). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the EXT1-positive group had a higher rate of accumulated nephrotic remission compared with the EXT1-negative group in the whole study cohort (p=0.028)., Conclusions: The EXT1-positive group exhibited a higher active index and a more favourable renal outcome than the EXT1-negative group. It would be better to recognise suspected LMN with EXT1 positivity as a potential autoimmune disease and maintain close follow-up due to its similarities with confirmed LMN., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Retaining gaze in working memory (WM) is essential for successfully navigating through the social world. In the current study, we investigated how WM stores gaze direction by focusing on the role of face context in gaze WM. To address this question, we propose two competing hypotheses. The independence hypothesis predicts that eye gaze is stored independently and is not susceptible to the influence of the surrounding face context. Conversely, the embedding hypothesis claims that gaze WM involves face context and that disruption of holistic face processing would also impair memory for embedded gaze. In three experiments, we adopted different manipulations to disrupt holistic face processing and compared WM performance for gaze within and without face context. In Experiments 1 and 2, we tested WM for gaze direction with schematic upright or inverted faces. We found better performance for gaze within upright faces (vs. inverted faces) by increasing the probability of being remembered. In Experiment 3, we replaced schematic faces with photographic faces, and disrupted holistic processing by using scrambled faces. Results replicated our previous findings, showing that photographic gaze within intact faces was better remembered than gaze presented alone or gaze within scrambled faces. These findings indicate that gaze memory is face-dependent and support the embedding hypothesis., (© 2023. The Psychonomic Society, Inc.)

The development of functionally distinct catalysts for enantioselective synthesis is a prominent yet challenging goal of synthetic chemistry. In this work, we report a family of chiral N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-ligated boryl radicals as catalysts that enable catalytic asymmetric radical cycloisomerization reactions. The radical catalysts can be generated from easily prepared NHC-borane complexes, and the broad availability of the chiral NHC component provides substantial benefits for stereochemical control. Mechanistic studies support a catalytic cycle comprising a sequence of boryl radical addition, hydrogen atom transfer, cyclization, and elimination of the boryl radical catalyst, wherein the chiral NHC subunit determines the enantioselectivity of the radical cyclization. This catalysis allows asymmetric construction of valuable chiral heterocyclic products from simple starting materials.

Background: Research supports an association between threatening experiences in childhood and psychosis. It is possible that early threat exposure disrupts the development of emotion recognition (specifically, producing a bias for facial expressions relating to threat) and the brain structures subserving it, contributing to psychosis development., Methods: Using data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, we examined associations between threat exposure and both the misattribution of facial expressions to fear/anger in an emotion recognition task, and gray matter volumes in key emotion processing regions. Our sample comprised youth with psychosis spectrum symptoms (N = 304), control youth (N = 787), and to evaluate specificity, youth with internalizing symptoms (N = 92). The moderating effects of group and sex were examined., Results: Both the psychosis spectrum and internalizing groups had higher levels of threat exposure than controls. In the total sample, threat exposure was associated with lower left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) volume but not misattributions to fear/anger. The effects of threat exposure did not significantly differ by group or sex., Conclusions: The findings of this study provide evidence for an effect of threat exposure on mPFC morphology, but do not support an association between threat exposure and a recognition bias for threat-related expressions, that is particularly pronounced in psychosis. Future research should investigate factors linking transdiagnostic alterations related to threat exposure with psychotic symptoms, and attempt to clarify the mechanisms underpinning emotion recognition misattributions in threat-exposed youth., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Wide application of novel materials often requires low-cost preparation methods. In this study, we present a simplified and facile preparation method for the [Ca 24 Al 28 O 64 ] 4+ (e - ) 4 electride material (C12A7:e - ). Successful preparation of the C12A7:e - electride was confirmed by XRD patterns and magnetic behavior analysis. The concentration of electrons in the prepared C12A7:e - powder was calculated to be approximately 2.23 × 10 21 cm -3 , as evaluated by iodometry and TPD. DFT calculations provided insight into the unique electronic structure of C12A7:e - . Additionally, the substitution of the Ca reductant with CaH 2 led to a reduction in the solid-state reaction temperature from 1100 to 950 °C, which can be attributed to thermodynamic effects such as a reduction in Δ G °.

The tunability of reaction pathways is required for exploring efficient and low cost catalysts for ammonia synthesis. There is an obstacle by the limitations arising from scaling relation for this purpose. Here, we demonstrate that the alkali earth imides (AeNH) combined with transition metal (TM = Fe, Co and Ni) catalysts can overcome this difficulty by utilizing functionalities arising from concerted role of active defects on the support surface and loaded transition metals. These catalysts enable ammonia production through multiple reaction pathways. The reaction rate of Co/SrNH is as high as 1686.7 mmol·g Co -1 ·h -1 and the TOFs reaches above 500 h -1 at 400 °C and 0.9 MPa, outperforming other reported Co-based catalysts as well as the benchmark Cs-Ru/MgO catalyst and industrial wüstite-based Fe catalyst under the same reaction conditions. Experimental and theoretical results show that the synergistic effect of nitrogen affinity of 3d TMs and in-situ formed NH 2- vacancy of alkali earth imides regulate the reaction pathways of the ammonia production, resulting in distinct catalytic performance different from 3d TMs. It was thus demonstrated that the appropriate combination of metal and support is essential for controlling the reaction pathway and realizing highly active and low cost catalysts for ammonia synthesis., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

The increasing need for human-robot interaction requires not only robots to understand how humans think, but also humans to understand robots. Interestingly, little attention has been given to how humans interpret robots' behaviors. In this study, we adopted a social mental rotation task and investigated whether socially engaging behaviors could influence how people take a robot's perspectives. In a real lab, two android robots with neutral appearance sat opposite each other by a table with conflicting perspectives. Before the participant started the experiment, one of the robots behaved more interactively than the other by showing more socially engaging behaviors. Then the participant was required to identify rotated normal or mirrored digits presented inbetween the two robots. Results revealed a significant interactive effect between the digits type (normal; mirrored) and robot type (interactive; noninteractive). When digits were oriented to the interactive robot, we found a larger RT difference between normal and mirrored digits. In general, these findings suggested that robots' interactive behaviors could influence how people spontaneously consider the robot's perspective. Future studies may further consider how interactive behaviors can shape human-robot relationships and facilitate human-robot interaction., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Ye, Minato, Sakai, Sumioka, Hamilton and Ishiguro.)

Complementarity is an essential feature of quantum mechanics. The preparation of an eigenstate of one observable implies complete randomness in its complementary observable. In quantum cryptography, complementarity allows us to formulate security analyses in terms of phase-error correction. However, the concept becomes much subtler in the device-independent regime that offers security without device characterization. Security proofs of device-independent quantum cryptography tasks are often complex and quite different from those of their more standard device-dependent cousins. The existing proofs pose huge challenges to experiments, among which large data-size requirement is a crux. Here, we show the complementarity security origin of the device-independent tasks. By linking complementarity with quantum nonlocality, we recast the device-independent scheme into a quantum error correction protocol. Going beyond the identical-and-independent-distribution case, we consider the most general attack. We generalize the sample entropy in classical Shannon theory for the finite-size analysis. Our method exhibits good finite-size performance and brings the device-independent scheme to a more practical regime. Applying it to the data in a recent ion-trap-based device-independent quantum key distribution experiment, one could reduce the requirement on data size to less than a third. Furthermore, the operational meaning of complementarity naturally extends device-independent scenarios to advantage key distillation, easing experiments by tolerating higher loss and lower transmittance.

Topological materials have received much attention because of their robust topological surface states, which can be potentially applied in electronics and catalysis. Here, we show that the topological insulator bismuth selenide functions as an efficient catalyst for the oxidative carbonylation of amines with carbon monoxide and dioxygen to synthesize urea derivatives. For example, the carbonylation of butylamine can be completed over bismuth selenide nanoparticle catalyst in 4 hours at 20°C with a yield of 99%, whereas most noble metal-based catalysts do not function at such a low temperature. Density functional theory calculations further reveal that the topological surface states facilitate the activation of dioxygen through a triplet-to-singlet spin-conversion reaction, in which active oxygen species are formed with a barrier of 0.4 electron volts for the subsequent reactions with amine and carbon monoxide.

Background: Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) was demonstrated to be superior to conventional IVF in reducing the incidence of miscarriage and abnormal offspring after the first embryo transfer (ET). PGT-A requires several embryo trophectoderm cells, but its negative impacts on embryo development and long-term influence on the health conditions of conceived children have always been a concern. As an alternative, noninvasive PGT-A (niPGT-A) approaches using spent blastocyst culture medium (SBCM) achieved comparable accuracy with PGT-A in several pilot studies. The main objective of this study is to determine whether noninvasive embryo viability testing (niEVT) results in better clinical outcomes than conventional IVF after the first embryo transfer. Furthermore, we further investigated whether niEVT results in higher the live birth rate between women with advanced maternal age (AMA, > 35 years old) and young women or among patients for whom different fertilization protocols are adopted., Methods: This study will be a double-blind, multicenter, randomized controlled trial (RCT) studying patients of different ages (20-43 years) undergoing different fertilization protocols (in vitro fertilization [IVF] or intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI]). We will enroll 1140 patients at eight reproductive medical centers over 24 months. Eligible patients should have at least two good-quality blastocysts (better than grade 4 CB). The primary outcome will be the live birth rate of the first embryo transfer (ET). Secondary outcomes will include the clinical pregnancy rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, cumulative live birth rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, and time to pregnancy., Discussion: In this study, patients who undergo noninvasive embryo viability testing (niEVT) will be compared to women treated by conventional IVF. We will determine the effects on the pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, and live birth rate and adverse events. We will also investigate whether there is any difference in clinical outcomes among patients with different ages and fertilization protocols (IVF/ICSI). This trial will provide clinical evidence of the effect of noninvasive embryo viability testing on the clinical outcomes of the first embryo transfer., Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) Identifier: ChiCTR2100051408. 9 September 2021., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Accurate real-time estimation of the gait phase (GP) is crucial for many control methods in exoskeletons and prostheses. A class of approaches to GP estimation construct the phase portrait of a segment or joint angle, and use the normalized polar angle of this diagram to estimate the GP. Although several studies have investigated such methods, quantitative information regarding their performance is sparse. In this work, we assess the performance of 3 portrait-based methods in flat and inclined steady walking conditions, using quantitative metrics of accuracy, repeatability and linearity. Two methods use portraits of the hip angle versus angular velocity (AVP), and hip angle versus integral of the angle (IAP). In a novel third method, a linear transformation is applied to the portrait to improve its circularity (CSP). An independent heel-strike (HS) detection algorithm is employed in all algorithms, rather than assuming HSs to occur at a constant point on the portrait. The novel method shows improvements in all metrics, notably significant root-mean-square error reductions compared to IAP (-3%, p < 0.001) and AVP (-2.4%, p < 0.001) in slope, and AVP (-1.61%, p = 0.0015) in flat walking. A non-negligible inter-subject variability is observed between phase angles at HS (equivalent to up to 8.4% of error in the GP), highlighting the importance of explicit HS detection for portrait-based methods.

The growing demand for online gait phase (GP) estimation, driven by advancements in exoskeletons and prostheses, has prompted numerous approaches in the literature. Some approaches explicitly use time, while others rely on state variables to estimate the GP. In this article, we study two novel GP estimation methods: a State-based Method (SM) which employs the phase portrait of the hip angle (similar to previous methods), but uses a stretching transformation to reduce the nonlinearity of the estimated GP; and a Time-based Method (TM) that utilizes feature recognition on the hip angle signal to update the estimated cadence twice per gait cycle. The methods were tested across various speeds and slopes, encompassing steady and transient walking conditions. The results demonstrated the ability of both methods to estimate the GP in a range of conditions. The TM outperformed the SM, exhibiting a root-mean-squared error below 3% compared to 8.5% for the SM. However, the TM exhibited diminished performance during speed transitions, whereas the SM performed consistently in steady and transient conditions. The SM displayed a better performance in inclined walking and demonstrated higher linearity at faster speeds. Through the assessment of these methods in diverse conditions, this study lays the groundwork for further advancements in GP estimation methods and their application in assistive controllers.

A new method for the synthesis of α-amino phenylpropanoids under blue light-emitting diode irradiation has been developed through α-C-H benzylation of readily available N -phenyl glycine ester with benzyl oxalates as a coupling partner under mild conditions. A range of N -phenyl glycine esters were successfully converted to α-amino phenylpropanoid products in moderate to good yields. The utility of this methodology is underlined by its application to the late-state modification of natural products.

Central carbon metabolism pathway (CCM) is one of the most important metabolic pathways in all living organisms and play crucial function in aspect of organism life. However, the simultaneous detection of CCM intermediates remains challenging. Here, we developed a chemical isotope labeling combined with LC-MS method for simultaneous determination of CCM intermediates with high coverage and accuracy. By chemical derivatization with 2-(diazo-methyl)-N-methyl-N-phenyl-benzamide (2-DMBA) and d 5 -2-DMBA, all CCM intermediates obtain better separation and accurate quantification at a single LC-MS run. The obtained limits of detection of CCM intermediates ranged from 5 to 36 pg/mL. Using this method, we achieved simultaneous and accurate quantification of 22 CCM intermediates in different biological samples. Take account of the high detection sensitivity of the developed method, this method was further applied to the quantification of CCM intermediates at single-cell level. Finally, 21 CCM intermediates were detected in 1000 HEK-293T cells and 9 CCM intermediates were detected in mouse kidney glomeruli optical slice samples (10∼100 cells)., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: This study investigated the significance of galactose-deficient immunoglobulin A1 staining in kidney diseases with IgA deposition., Methods: A total of 120 patients with IgA-dominant deposition in kidney tissues were enrolled and divided into four groups: primary IgA nephropathy (PIgAN), secondary IgA nephropathy (SIgAN), monotypic IgA nephropathy (MIgAN), and IgA variant monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (IgA-MGRS). KM55 (the antibody of galactose-deficient immunoglobulin A1), IgA subtypes, and complement pathway factors (properdin, C4d, and C1q) were detected through immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry analysis., Results: KM55 and IgA double staining showed colocalization within glomeruli in all cases except for IgA-MGRS, which showed negative or weak staining of KM55 but strong staining of IgA. The PIgAN group showed the highest intensity of KM55 and KM55/IgA ratio, while these values in the IgA-MGRS group were the lowest (P < 0.01). A KM55/IgA quantified ratio of 0.78 was the optimal cut-off value to distinguish PIgAN from SIgAN, whereas a cut-off value of 0.21 was optimal to distinguish between MIgAN and IgA-MGRS. The clinicopathological characteristics showed significant differences as the groups were divided by diseases with optimal cut-off values, and these differences corresponded to the pathogenesis of each disease entity., Conclusions: PIgAN, SIgAN, and MIgAN are caused by the deposition of abnormally glycosylated IgA1 whereas IgA-MGRS is not. The KM55/IgA quantified ratio is valuable in distinguishing PIgAN from SIgAN, as well as MIgAN from IgA-MGRS., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

We discuss the appearance of the Pancharatnam-Berry phase in polarization holography, and confirm the possibility of generating scalar vortex beams by using the Pancharatnam-Berry phase. The polarization holograms used to generate scalar vortex beams are produced in phenanthrenequinone-doped polymethylmethacrylate (PQ/PMMA), where each radial direction consists of an equivalent half-wave plate hologram with gradually changing directions. The spin angular momentum carried by a circular polarization reading wave is converted into orbital angular momentum in a reconstruction process, resulting in the formation of scalar vortex beams with positive and negative topological charges controlled by the reading polarization.

We propose a simple and inexpensive method for the fabrication of polarization splitters with designable separation angles and a controllable active area, based on polarization holography of tensor theory. First, we design two polarization holograms that reconstruct waves with only p- or s-polarization components, respectively. Then, after we recorded these two holograms on the same position of the recording material using the interference approach, as a result, a polarization splitter could readily be prepared. The separation angles of fabricated polarization splitters can be easily adjusted by changing the interference angle, and the active area can also be easily modified by changing the sizes of the interference beams and recording material during the recording process. The experimental results verify the reliability and accuracy of this method. We believe that this work may broaden the application field of polarization holography.

Importance: Physical health and chronic medical comorbidities are underestimated, inadequately treated, and often overlooked in psychiatry. A multiorgan, systemwide characterization of brain and body health in neuropsychiatric disorders may enable systematic evaluation of brain-body health status in patients and potentially identify new therapeutic targets., Objective: To evaluate the health status of the brain and 7 body systems across common neuropsychiatric disorders., Design, Setting, and Participants: Brain imaging phenotypes, physiological measures, and blood- and urine-based markers were harmonized across multiple population-based neuroimaging biobanks in the US, UK, and Australia, including UK Biobank; Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank; Australian Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; Prospective Imaging Study of Ageing; Human Connectome Project-Young Adult; and Human Connectome Project-Aging. Cross-sectional data acquired between March 2006 and December 2020 were used to study organ health. Data were analyzed from October 18, 2021, to July 21, 2022. Adults aged 18 to 95 years with a lifetime diagnosis of 1 or more common neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and a healthy comparison group were included., Main Outcomes and Measures: Deviations from normative reference ranges for composite health scores indexing the health and function of the brain and 7 body systems. Secondary outcomes included accuracy of classifying diagnoses (disease vs control) and differentiating between diagnoses (disease vs disease), measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)., Results: There were 85 748 participants with preselected neuropsychiatric disorders (36 324 male) and 87 420 healthy control individuals (40 560 male) included in this study. Body health, especially scores indexing metabolic, hepatic, and immune health, deviated from normative reference ranges for all 4 neuropsychiatric disorders studied. Poor body health was a more pronounced illness manifestation compared to brain changes in schizophrenia (AUC for body = 0.81 [95% CI, 0.79-0.82]; AUC for brain = 0.79 [95% CI, 0.79-0.79]), bipolar disorder (AUC for body = 0.67 [95% CI, 0.67-0.68]; AUC for brain = 0.58 [95% CI, 0.57-0.58]), depression (AUC for body = 0.67 [95% CI, 0.67-0.68]; AUC for brain = 0.58 [95% CI, 0.58-0.58]), and anxiety (AUC for body = 0.63 [95% CI, 0.63-0.63]; AUC for brain = 0.57 [95% CI, 0.57-0.58]). However, brain health enabled more accurate differentiation between distinct neuropsychiatric diagnoses than body health (schizophrenia-other: mean AUC for body = 0.70 [95% CI, 0.70-0.71] and mean AUC for brain = 0.79 [95% CI, 0.79-0.80]; bipolar disorder-other: mean AUC for body = 0.60 [95% CI, 0.59-0.60] and mean AUC for brain = 0.65 [95% CI, 0.65-0.65]; depression-other: mean AUC for body = 0.61 [95% CI, 0.60-0.63] and mean AUC for brain = 0.65 [95% CI, 0.65-0.66]; anxiety-other: mean AUC for body = 0.63 [95% CI, 0.62-0.63] and mean AUC for brain = 0.66 [95% CI, 0.65-0.66)., Conclusions and Relevance: In this cross-sectional study, neuropsychiatric disorders shared a substantial and largely overlapping imprint of poor body health. Routinely monitoring body health and integrated physical and mental health care may help reduce the adverse effect of physical comorbidity in people with mental illness.

Brain scans acquired across large, age-diverse cohorts have facilitated recent progress in establishing normative brain aging charts. Here, we ask the critical question of whether cross-sectional estimates of age-related brain trajectories resemble those directly measured from longitudinal data. We show that age-related brain changes inferred from cross-sectionally mapped brain charts can substantially underestimate actual changes measured longitudinally. We further find that brain aging trajectories vary markedly between individuals and are difficult to predict with population-level age trends estimated cross-sectionally. Prediction errors relate modestly to neuroimaging confounds and lifestyle factors. Our findings provide explicit evidence for the importance of longitudinal measurements in ascertaining brain development and aging trajectories.

Biological aging of human organ systems reflects the interplay of age, chronic disease, lifestyle and genetic risk. Using longitudinal brain imaging and physiological phenotypes from the UK Biobank, we establish normative models of biological age for three brain and seven body systems. Here we find that an organ's biological age selectively influences the aging of other organ systems, revealing a multiorgan aging network. We report organ age profiles for 16 chronic diseases, where advanced biological aging extends from the organ of primary disease to multiple systems. Advanced body age associates with several lifestyle and environmental factors, leukocyte telomere lengths and mortality risk, and predicts survival time (area under the curve of 0.77) and premature death (area under the curve of 0.86). Our work reveals the multisystem nature of human aging in health and chronic disease. It may enable early identification of individuals at increased risk of aging-related morbidity and inform new strategies to potentially limit organ-specific aging in such individuals., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)

The diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been linked with changes in frontostriatal resting-state connectivity. However, replication of prior findings is lacking, and the mechanistic understanding of these effects is incomplete. To confirm and advance knowledge on changes in frontostriatal functional connectivity in OCD, participants with OCD and matched healthy controls underwent resting-state functional, structural and diffusion neuroimaging. Functional connectivity changes in frontostriatal systems were here replicated in individuals with OCD (n = 52) compared with controls (n = 45). OCD participants showed greater functional connectivity (t = 4.3, PFWE = 0.01) between the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) but lower functional connectivity between the dorsal putamen and lateral prefrontal cortex (t = 3.8, PFWE = 0.04) relative to controls. Computational modelling suggests that NAcc-OFC connectivity changes reflect an increased influence of NAcc over OFC activity and reduced OFC influence over NAcc activity (posterior probability, Pp > 0.66). Conversely, dorsal putamen showed reduced modulation over lateral prefrontal cortex activity (Pp > 0.90). These functional deregulations emerged on top of a generally intact anatomical substrate. We provide out-of-sample replication of opposite changes in ventro-anterior and dorso-posterior frontostriatal connectivity in OCD and advance the understanding of the neural underpinnings of these functional perturbations. These findings inform the development of targeted therapies normalizing frontostriatal dynamics in OCD., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

In the field of recycling CO 2 , the photocatalytic CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) is a typical example, and researchers have designed a variety of photocatalysts to improve the conversion rate of CO 2 over the years. In this paper, two metal-oxygen clusters are designed and formulated as [Co 3 Zn(OH) 6 (SO 4 )]·4H 2 O ( 1 ) and [Ni 3 Zn(OH) 6 (SO 4 )]·4H 2 O ( 2 ). As for compound 1 , the main structure is composed of {CoO 6 } octahedra connected by edge-sharing to form a two-dimensional layer, on which {ZnO 4 } and {SO 4 } tetrahedra are supported. More interestingly, compound 1 has outstanding photocatalytic activity, which is mainly attributed to the open-framework structure and the cobalt ions as active sites. Upon catalysis for eight hours, its maximum CO generation rate is 9982.13 μmol g -1 h -1 , with a selectivity of 81.8%. Additionally, compound 1 takes on weak antiferromagnetic coupling due to Co(II) ions.

Background: Senaparib is a novel, selective poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1/2 inhibitor with strong antitumor activity in preclinical studies. This first-in-human, phase 1, dose-escalation study examined the safety and preliminary efficacy of senaparib in patients with advanced solid tumors., Methods: Patients with advanced solid tumors were enrolled from three centers in Australia, using a conventional 3 + 3 design. Dose-escalation cohorts continued until the maximum tolerated dose or a recommended phase 2 dose was determined. Patients received one dose of oral senaparib and, if no dose-limiting toxicity occurred within 7 days, they received senaparib once daily in 3-week cycles. The primary end points were safety and tolerability., Results: Thirty-nine patients were enrolled at 10 dose levels ranging from 2 to 150 mg. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed in any cohort. Most treatment-emergent adverse events were grade 1-2 (91%). Seven patients (17.9%) reported hematologic treatment-emergent adverse events. Treatment-related adverse events occurred in eight patients (20.5%), and the most frequent was nausea (7.7%). Two deaths were reported after the end of study treatment, one of which was considered a complication from senaparib-related bone marrow failure. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that senaparib the accumulation index was 1.06-1.67, and absorption saturation was 80-150 mg daily. In 22 patients with evaluable disease, the overall response rate was 13.6%, and the disease control rate was 81.8%. The overall response rate was 33.3% for the BRCA mutation-positive subgroup and 6.3% for the nonmutated subgroup., Conclusions: Senaparib was well tolerated in Australian patients with advanced solid tumors, with encouraging signals of antitumor activity. The recommended phase 2 dose for senaparib was determined to be 100 mg daily., Gov Id: NCT03507543., (© 2023 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Cancer Society.)

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of thrombospondin type 1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) and neural epidermal growth factor-like 1 protein (NELL1) in phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R)-negative membranous nephropathy (MN). Methods A total of 116 PLA2R-negative MN patients treated in Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from 2014 to 2021 were enrolled in this study.Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect THSD7A and NELL1 in the renal tissue.The pathological characteristics,treatment,and prognosis were compared between positive and negative groups. Results The 116 PLA2R-negative MN patients included 23 THSD7A-positive patients and 9 NELL1-positive patients.One patient was tested positive for both proteins.The THSD7A-positive group showed higher positive rate of IgG4 ( P =0.010),more obvious glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening ( P =0.034),and higher proportion of stage Ⅱ MN and lower proportion of stage I MN ( P =0.002) than the THSD7A-negative group.The NELL1-positive group had lower positive rates of C1q and IgG2 ( P =0.029, P =0.001),less obvious GBM thickening ( P <0.001),more extensive inflammatory cell infiltration ( P =0.033),lower proportion of deposits on multi-locations ( P =0.001),and lower proportion of atypical MN ( P =0.010) than the NELL1-negative group.One patient with THSD7A-positive MN was diagnosed with colon cancer,while none of the NELL1-positive patients had malignancy.Survival analysis suggested that THSD7A-positive MN had worse composite remission (either complete remission or partial remission) of nephrotic syndrome than the negative group ( P =0.016),whereas NELL1-positive MN exhibited better composite remission of nephrotic syndrome than the negative group ( P =0.015).The MN patients only positive for NELL1 showed better composite remission of nephrotic syndrome than the MN patients only positive for THSD7A ( P <0.001). Conclusions THSD7A- and NELL1-positive MN is more likely to be primary MN,and there is no significant malignancy indication.However,it might have a predictive value for the prognosis of MN.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of body mass index (BMI) before treatment on the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) over multiple complete in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)., Materials and Methods: This study is a single-center retrospective cohort study. It included 5016 patients with PCOS who started their first IVF cycle in our hospital between 2009 and 2018. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were used for the comparison of CLBR across BMI groups. Univariate, multivariate models and stratification analysis were used to evaluate possible influencing factors of CLBR. Smoothing curve fitting was applied to present the correlation between BMI and CLBR. A one-line linear regression model was compared with a two-piecewise linear model using a log-likelihood ratio test., Results: During the 8-year follow-up, 3604 women (71.85%) obtained at least one live birth. The study population was grouped according to BMI, with BMI ranging from [14.53-23.00) kg/m 2 in the normal weight group, [23.00-27.50) kg/m 2 in the overweight group, and [27.50-37.80] kg/m 2 in the obese group, respectively. The CLBR of the obese group and the overweight group were significantly lower than the normal weight group. In the multivariate regression model, HR for CLBR was 0.86 [95%CI: 0.78-0.95] for the obese group, and 0.93 [0.86-1.00] for the overweight group, compared with the normal weight group as control. The curve fitting after adjustment for confounding factors and log-likelihood ratio test showed a one-line linear negative correlation between BMI and CLBR., Conclusion: We concluded that the BMI of PCOS patients had a negative one-line linear correlation with CLBR over multiple complete cycles., Competing Interests: Declarations of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2023 Asia Oceania Association for the Study of Obesity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Polarization holography is an effective tool for realizing light field manipulation and can be utilized to generate vector beams. Based on the diffraction characteristics of a linear polarization hologram in coaxial recording, an approach for generating arbitrary vector beams is proposed. Unlike the previous methods for generating vector beams, in this work, it is independent of faithful reconstruction effect and the arbitrary linear polarization waves can be used as reading waves. The desired generalized vector beam polarization patterns can be adjusted by changing the polarized direction angle of the reading wave. Therefore, it is more flexible than the previously reported methods in generating vector beams. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical prediction.