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Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) impacts patients' quality of life and healthcare costs. Traditional methods of drug delivery, such as nasal sprays and irrigation, have limited effectiveness. Acoustic Drug Delivery (ADD) using a nebulizer offers targeted delivery of drug to the sinuses, which may improve the treatment of CRS. This review examines the influence of aerosol particle characteristics, aero-acoustic parameters, inlet flow conditions, and acoustic waves on sinus drug delivery. Key findings reveal that smaller particles improve the ADD efficiency, whereas larger sizes or increased density impair it. The oscillation amplitude of the air plug in the ostium is crucial for the ADD efficiency. Introducing acoustic waves at the NC-sinus system's resonance frequency improves aerosol deposition within sinuses. Future research should address advanced models, optimizing particle characteristics, investigating novel acoustic waveforms, incorporating patient-specific anatomy, and evaluating long-term safety and efficacy. Tackling these challenges, ADD could offer more effective and targeted treatments for sinus-related conditions such as CRS., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The present study addressed the investigation of the effect of wearing glasses on the human eyes' temperature distribution in different ambient conditions. Besides, the effect of variations of ambient temperature, convection coefficient of ambient air, blinking, and body's temperature on the human eye's temperature distribution was investigated. Three scenarios (without glasses, wearing medical glasses, and wearing sunglasses) have been considered. The weather information for summer and winter for Divandarreh, Kurdistan province, Iran, has been used as the inputs. The sunlight intensity reaching the eye in three scenarios for both winter and summer was measured experimentally. In scenario 1 (without glasses), for the maximum radiation intensity, the Corneal temperature increased by 5 °C, which can cause cataracts in the long term. The results show that by wearing sunglasses in winter, the Corneal temperature reduced by 4 °C that may lead to blurred and diplopia visions. It was observed that by increasing the temperature difference between the sides of the Anterior chamber, the Aqueous Humor (AH) circulation speed increases. Also, it was found that the AH's circulation pattern in summer is clockwise, while in winter, it is counterclockwise. The results highlighted the significant effect of the convection coefficient of air ambient on the Corneal temperature. The results show that depending on the ambient temperature, blinking has a significant effect on eye temperature. Moreover, in the summer and scenario1, the difference in maximum temperature of the Cornea between normal and fever conditions is 1.01 °C. On the other hand, the difference in maximum temperature of the Cornea between normal and hypothermia conditions is 1.51 °C., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)