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Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Granuloma annulare is a benign and self-limited cutaneous disease. Subcutaneous granuloma annulare is an uncommon variant seen almost exclusively in young children, characterized by firm nodules appearing more frequently in lower extremities, buttocks, hands and scalp., Objective: To report a case of subcutaneous granuloma annulare and review its differential diagnoses and treatments., Clinical Case: A 4 year-old male patient. Since 2 and a half years of age he presented asymptomatic firm subcutaneous nodules on the back of the left middle finger and later on the back of the left hand, right big toe, left frontal area and scalp. Excisional biopsy of some lesions from the scalp was consistent with subcutaneous granuloma annulare. Clobetasol 0,05% cream twice a day for 1 month was prescribed without response., Conclusions: Subcutaneous granuloma annulare must be considered within the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous nodules in children. In most of the cases a biopsy and histopathology of the lesions will be required to confirm the diagnosis. Due to its tendency to spontaneous resolution, treatment often is not necessary and periodic evaluation is recommended.

Introduction: Bloody nipple discharge is an infrequent symptom during childhood. The most common cause in this population is mammary duct ectasia (MDE), which is a benign and self-limiting condition, that is characterized by dilatation of the mammary ducts, fibrosis and periductal inflammation., Objective: Report of a case of MDE in order to improve physicians' diagnosis accuracy and avoid aggressive studies and treatments., Case Report: Six-months old male healthy infant, exclusively breastfeeded, that visited our clinic with a lump beneath his right nipple and bloody discharge from the same nipple. An ultrasound was performed which showed a multicystic lesion suggestive of MDE. Watchful waiting was decided as treatment, with good evolution after six months of follow up., Conclusions: The MDE is the leading cause of bloody discharge in pediatric population, being a benign condition that resolves spontaneously before nine months. The knowledge of this condition is essential so as to accurately diagnose and treat it., (Copyright © 2015 Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Pityriasis lichenoides is a benign inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. There are two types of this condition: an acute form (PLEVA = pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta) and a chronic one (PLC = pityriasis lichenoid chronica). Both are more common in children and young adults., Objective: To describe a case of PLC, discuss its clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and present a review of the literature., Case Report: A seven-year-old child who presented with recurrent oligosymptomatic episodes of bright erythematous papular lesions in centripetal distribution, which subsided and left behind hypopigmented macules. The biopsy of the lesions confirmed chronic pityriasis lichenoid. During the 3 years of follow-up, multiple treatment regimens were used to reduce exacerbations, resulting in a partial response., Conclusion: PLC is a rare disease that represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the physician. The diagnosis of this condition is suspected clinically and confirmed by histology. It does not have specific treatment, but it responds well to corticosteroids, antibiotics, immunosuppressants and phototherapy with UVB narrowband (UVBnb). The latter has given the best results. It is important to monitor patients for risk of developing lymphoproliferative disorders., (Copyright © 2015. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Pili bifurcati is an extremely rare hair shaft abnormality. We present a case with a scanning electron microscopy analysis.

Jellyfish are aquatic organisms, whose number increases under certain conditions of water temperature. They can sting humans, which can be fatal. The liberation of structures known as nematocysts induces the extrusion of the poison, to attack their victims. The poison produces characteristic local and systemic reactions. Since an increased number of these organisms has been detected in our coastline, we review the epidemiology, symptoms and diagnosis of the syndrome produced by the bite, to improve its management.