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Engineering the coordination microenvironment surrounding the single atom sites (SA) presents a great opportunity to enhance their catalytic performance. In this work, we report the rational design of the cobalt SA sites with simultaneous modifications to the double coordination shells of the Co atom. In the first coordination shell, a vacancy is introduced to create the asymmetric Co-N 3 -V configuration, where V denotes the vacancy. Meanwhile, phosphorus (P) atoms are doped into the carbon substrate to regulate the local environment of the second shell surrounding the Co site. These simultaneous modifications to the double-shell coordination influence the charge density of the active centers, and ultimately improve their activities. Additionally, the one-dimensional (1D) carbon substrate, that is composed of connected bubbles (BCF), provides a conductive and porous framework that facilitates fast kinetics. Taking these advantages, the Co-N-V/P@BCF catalyst demonstrates exceptional bifunctional oxygen catalytic behavior. Furthermore, the robust mechanical properties of Co-N-V/P@BCF, as evidenced by finite element analysis (FEA), endow the full Zn-air battery (ZAB) with remarkable reliability, flexibility, and stable high-rate long-term performance under diverse operating conditions. Therefore, this work not only offers new insights into regulating the electronic structure of single-atomic sites, but also promotes the development of ZAB for various applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The sirtuin (SIRT) family is a group of seven conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent histone deacetylases (SIRT1-SIRT7), which play crucial roles in various fundamental biological processes, including metabolism, aging, stress responses, inflammation, and cell survival. The role of SIRTs in neuro-pathophysiology has recently attracted significant attention. Notably, SIRT1-SIRT3 have been identified as key players in neuroprotection as they reduce neuroinflammation and regulate mitochondrial function. This review summarizes the latest research advancements in the role of the SIRT family in neurological diseases, mainly including neurodegenerative diseases, ischemia-related diseases, bleeding-related diseases, nervous system injury and other nervous system diseases, emphasizing their critical functions and associated signaling pathways, (e.g., AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α, AMPK/SIRT1/IL-1β/NF-κB, STAT2-SIRT4-mTOR, SIRT3/FOXO3α, and other signaling pathways in disease progression, particularly their protective roles in neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic injuries, and neural damage. Additionally, this review discusses progress in clinical studies targeting SIRT-specific small-molecule agonists and inhibitors. Further research on SIRTs may provide new insights into potential therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is an effective technique used by thoracic surgeons and pulmonologists. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of topical lignocaine anesthesia during bronchoscopy to improve the satisfaction of patients undergoing elective EBUS-TBNA under general anesthesia., Methods: This was a single-center prospective randomized, double-blind clinical trial in University-affiliated teaching hospitals. A total of 196 patients underwent elective EBUS-TBNA under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned to receive topical anesthesia with 1% lignocaine (T) or saline (C). The primary outcome was coughing frequency immediately after laryngeal mask removal. Secondary outcomes included coughing frequency and intensity (visual analog scale [VAS]), vital sign changes, adverse events, postoperative pulmonary complications, and the Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) questionnaire., Results: A total of 196 patients underwent randomization (91 in. T and 94 in C). Topical anesthesia with lignocaine significantly reduced the cough rate and VAS score immediately (P <  0.001 and < 0.001, respectively), 10 min (P <  0.001 and < 0.001), and 30 min (P =  0.005 and 0.001) after mask removal, and 2 h post-procedure (P =  0.003 and 0.006). No significant effect on vital signs was observed. The QoR-15 values 24 hours after the procedure in group T were higher than those in group C (P <  0.001)., Conclusions: During EBUS-TBNA under general anesthesia, 1% lignocaine for topical anesthesia significantly decreased the incidence of postoperative coughing and increased patient satisfaction. Topical anesthesia should be routinely administered to patients undergoing EBUS-TBNA under general anesthesia., Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry; Registration number: ChiCTR2300072386; URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=197032., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Stroke is a severe disease characterized by the obstruction of blood vessels in the central nervous system. An essential therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke is strengthening angiogenesis, which effectively promotes the long-term recovery of neurological function. Therefore, it is critical to explore and develop new drugs that promote angiogenesis after ischemic stroke. Kaempferol has been employed to treat ischemic diseases; However, its proangiogenic effects in ischemic stroke remain unclear. In the study, we explored the long-term therapeutic effects and mechanisms of kaempferol on ischemic stroke in vivo and in vitro. A rat model of autologous thrombus stroke and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) model was established to assess the effects of kaempferol in vivo (50 mg/kg/d, ig, 14 d) and in vitro (0.1, 0.3, 1 μmol·L -1 ). The results showed that long-term administration of kaempferol ameliorated neurological deficits and infarct volume in ischemic stroke rats. In addition, kaempferol relieved vascular embolization; enhanced microvascular endothelial cell survival, proliferation, migration, and lumen formation; increased the density of microvessels in the peri-infarct cortex; and promoted neovascular structure remodeling by increasing the coverage of astrocyte end-feet and expression of tight-junction proteins (TJPs). Further analysis revealed that the HIF-1α/VEGF-A/Notch1 signaling pathway was activated by kaempferol, and that inhibition of Notch1 blocked kaempferol-induced angiogenesis. Taken together, our results indicate that kaempferol exerts neuroprotective effects by stimulating endogenous angiogenesis and neovascular structural remodeling via the HIF-1α/VEGF-A/Notch1 signaling pathway, suggesting the therapeutic potential of kaempferol in ischemic stroke., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

To investigate the influence of early dysphagia on quality of life in patients with partial laryngectomy, and to investigate the application value of Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES). This study included 30 inpatients who underwent partial laryngectomy due to laryngeal cancer. In the early postoperative period, a comprehensive assessment was conducted on each patient, encompassing Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS), Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES), and MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI). Each patient underwent two evaluations at different time points following the surgical procedure, all conducted on the same day. The patients' first MDADI assement score after surgery was 45.4 ± 3.6 points, and the second score was 54.7 ± 13.4 points. VFSS as the gold standard, FEES showed good sensitivity (84%) and specificity (94%) for detecting aspiration, as well as good sensitivity (78%) and moderate specificity (86%) for detecting penetration. The Kappa consistency test results showed high consistency between FEES and VFSS swallowing function evaluations (Kappa value = 0.669); evaluations of thin liquid, thick liquid, and solid bolus had high consistency (Kappa value = 0.631, 0.675, and 0.678, respectively), while evaluations of semi-liquid bolus had poor consistency (Kappa value = 0.598); evaluations of four bolus sizes all had high consistency (Kappa value = 0.658, 0.647, 0.705, 0.670). The Kappa values for evaluating patients undergoing horizontal partial laryngectomy, vertical partial laryngectomy, and supraglottic laryngectomy were 0.572, 0.604, and 0.680, respectively. This study shows that dysphagia is an important problem affecting the early quality of life of patients after partial laryngectomy, and early instrumental evaluation is also extremely important. This study also emphasizes the reliability problems in the identification of false invasion and aspiration. FEES can be used to evaluate the early swallowing function of patients after partial laryngectomy, thus guiding the timing and type of eating, and evaluating the rehabilitation effect. In addition, compared with VFSS, FEES have more advantages for the identification of penetration., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical approval: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (No.KYLL-2023-191). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is a widespread respiratory infection that significantly impacts cattle health worldwide. To address this issue in China, we previously developed a novel double gene-deleted vaccine targeting gG and tk. In this study, we further evaluated the efficacy of this vaccine by challenging vaccinated cattle with a prevalent wild-type BoHV-1 strain and comparing its effectiveness against a commercially available inactivated BoHV-1 vaccine. Post-immunization, all cattle maintained normal rectal temperatures and exhibited no respiratory symptoms. Cattle receiving the gene-deleted vaccine showed a significant increase in the expression of immune markers IFN-γ and TNF-α. Following exposure to wild-type BoHV-1, all immunized groups produced high levels of neutralizing antibodies and specific gB antibodies. Notably, virus shedding was significantly lower in the vaccinated groups compared to the non-immune challenge group. Histological analysis of lung tissues revealed that vaccinated calves had more intact lung structure than their unimmunized counterparts after the challenge. Additionally, the gG-/tk- gene-deleted vaccine demonstrated a higher protective rate based on the average scores of clinical symptoms and lung lesions. Overall, the BoHV-1 gG-/tk- gene-deleted vaccine outperformed the other vaccines tested. This study confirms that the gene-deleted vaccine provides robust protection and superior immunogenicity compared to existing inactivated vaccines, underscoring its potential for future market application., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This study aimed to explore the mechanisms through which microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitivity in colorectal cancer (CRC) using organoid models. Fresh tissue samples from CRC tumors were collected, and CRC organoids were isolated and cultured. The consistency between CRC organoids and their derived tissues was validated. CRC organoids were treated with 5-FU, and ATP activity was measured. High-throughput sequencing of CRC organoids, combined with Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data analysis, was performed to examine miRNA expression following 5-FU treatment. Next, we investigated the cellular function of miR-526b-5p in CRC organoids and cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assays validated the binding of miR-526b-5p to the 3' UTR of TP53 mRNA. We successfully established CRC organoids that exhibited characteristics consistent with their source tissues. 5-FU treatment suppressed the proliferation and ATP activity of CRC organoids. High-throughput sequencing of CRC organoids, combined with GEO data analysis and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation, revealed that hsa-miR-526b-5p levels were elevated following 5-FU treatment in CRC organoids and cells. Furthermore, hsa-miR-526b-5p was upregulated in CRC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, correlating with poor survival in CRC patients. Overexpression of hsa-miR-526b-5p mitigated the inhibitory effects of 5-FU on CRC organoid proliferation, migration, invasion, and ferroptosis. In contrast, silencing of hsa-miR-526b-5p impaired cell function and ferroptosis. Additionally, overexpression of hsa-miR-526b-5p decreased TP53 mRNA and protein levels while increasing the expression of SLC7A11 mRNA and protein. Silencing of hsa-miR-526b-5p resulted in the opposite effect. hsa-miR-526b-5p directly targeted and inhibited TP53 expression. Overexpression of TP53 diminished the promotive effect of hsa-miR-526b-5p on ferroptosis-related proteins GPX4 and SLC7A11, whereas inhibition of TP53 reversed the impact of hsa-miR-526b-5p silencing. Our study demonstrates that hsa-miR-526b-5p targets TP53 to regulate 5-FU sensitivity in CRC through the ferroptosis pathway based on CRC organoid models., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflicts of interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical Approval: The study received approval from the committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (Approval Number 2023-E307-01) and participants’ informed consent in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Consent to Publish: Not applicable., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The delicate design and fabrication of transition metal-based heterostructures with abundant active sites are a crucial issue for achieving superior electrocatalytic properties. In this work, we introduce a novel bio-assisted strategy for assembling cobalt-based heterostructures on nitrogen and phosphorus codoped carbon nanobelts, which serve as highly efficient bifunctional oxygen catalysts. The fungus of Rhizopus is utilized to encapsulate the Co-CoTe within the in-situ formed nitrogen and phosphorus codoped carbon nanotubes (NPCNT), resulting in hairy nanobelts with a porous structure and excellent flexibility. Both experimental and theoretical analyses results reveal the superior geometric configuration, electronic structure, and the low energy barrier of the bio-Co-CoTe@NPCNT nanobelts. Benefitting from these advantages, the bio-Co-CoTe@NPCNT nanobelts demonstrate rapid kinetics, impressive catalytic performance, and high durability in both oxygen evolution and reduction (OER/ORR) reactions. The aqueous zinc-air batteries (ZAB) employing the prepared bio-Co-CoTe@NPCNT nanobelt cathode exhibit the stable cycling properties and good reliability. Furthermore, the solid-state ZAB demonstrates high reliability, pliability, and durability under various deformations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: The prognostic value of platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in ischemic stroke had been investigated in previous studies. However, the results of studies on PLR in patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) are inconsistent. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to determine the prognostic value of PLR in predicting functional outcome and mortality in patients with ICH., Methods: We searched the databases of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and CNKI for relevant studies up to 10th June 2024. The Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was applied to evaluate the quality of the included studies. We calculated the pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) between PLR and both functional outcome (as measured by the modified Rankin Scale, mRS) as well as mortality. Poor functional outcomes were defined as mRS > 2., Results: A total of 6 studies with 2992 patients were included. The random effects meta-analysis demonstrated that elevated PLR exhibited an association with poor functional outcome in patients with ICH (OR = 1.69; 95% CI [1.39-2.07]; P<0.0001; I2 = 24%). Similarly, elevated PLR was associated with mortality in patients with ICH (OR = 1.65; 95% CI [1.12-2.43]; P = 0.01; I2 = 31%)., Conclusion: This study suggested that elevated PLR was significantly associated with poor functional outcome (mRS>2) and increased mortality, indicating that elevated PLR could serve as a reliable a prognostic factor for unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with ICH. It is advisable to conduct extensive prospective investigations across diverse ethnic backgrounds to verify the accuracy of this correlation prior to its utilization in clinical settings., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2025 Yuan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: The role of functional connectivity (FC) changes in the prefrontal-thalamic-cerebellar circuit in schizophrenia has received widespread attention. Currently, domestic and international studies on this circuit have focused on adults, while the FC of this circuit in the brains of adolescent patients with schizophrenia (AOS) has been less reported., Methods: We recruited 124 subjects who underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans at baseline, using key brain regions in the prefrontal-thalamic-cerebellar circuit as seed regions, to investigate the FC in AOS versus healthy controls. The FC of this loop was compared with that of the whole brain in healthy controls., Results: Compared to healthy controls, patients with AOS had reduced FC between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and precuneus (PCu) and between the posterior cerebellar lobe and middle temporal gyrus. Reduced FC between the left mPFC and the left PCu in patients with AOS was associated with positive symptom scores on the PANSS and was positively correlated with the Symbolic Encoding Scale, the Maze Scale, and the Category Fluency Test Scale. Reduced FC between the right posterior cerebellar lobe and the right middle temporal gyrus is positively correlated with the simple visuospatial memory test in AOS patients., Conclusions: There are FC abnormalities in the prefrontal-thalamic-cerebellar circuit, precuneus, and temporal lobe in AOS. These abnormalities appear in the early stages of schizophrenia, independent of medication, and are characteristic of the disorder., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical approval: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College. The subjects and their families were consented by an informed consent process that was reviewed by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College.and certify that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Depression poses a considerable personal and public health problem, particularly in the post-epidemic era. The present study aimed to investigate the association between meaning in life (MIL) and perceived social support (PSS) with depressive symptoms among vocational undergraduate students, employing a network analysis approach to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying pathways and to prevent the progression of depressive symptoms into disorders., Methods: A total of 1367 Chinese vocational undergraduates ( M age = 20.1, SD = 1.6; 44.7% female) were recruited and were asked to complete a series of questionnaires, including the meaning in life questionnaire, perceived social support scale, and patient health questionnaire. The regularized partial correlation network was estimated. The partial correlations between nodes were calculated as edges. Moreover, network comparison tests were conducted to compare three subnetworks based on different levels of depression (minimal, subthreshold, and moderate/severe)., Results: The top strength nodes within each network were identified as sleep and motor in minimal group, anhedonia and concentration in subthreshold group, and anhedonia and sleep in moderate/severe group. Additionally, the bridge strength nodes were determined as MIL-3 , MIL-4 , sleep , guilt , and school in minimal group; MIL-4 , anhedonia , suicide , and friend in subthreshold group; MIL-9, MIL-7 , anhedonia , sleep , and family in moderate/severe group. Furthermore, network comparison tests showed significant differences in centrality (all p < 0.05), while network invariance remained constant across groups. Notably, the accuracy and stability coefficients for all network structures were greater than 0.5, indicating stable and reliable results., Conclusion: These findings elucidate specific pathways and potential central nodes for interactions of MIL or PSS with depressive symptoms at different levels of depression, providing valuable insights for targeted prevention and intervention strategies., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2025 Zhang, Zhang, Yong and Chen.)

Objective: Rumination and anxiety have been posited as correlates of smartphone dependence (SPD). However, little is known regarding how the components of both affect SPD symptoms at subtle levels. Therefore, we used the network analysis approach to identify the connections at a micro level to provide possible interventions for reducing SPD symptoms., Methods: Using symptom-level network analysis, we used the ruminative response scale-10, the generalized anxiety disorder scale-7, and the mobile phone addiction index scale-17 to investigate Chinese preservice teachers ( M age = 21.1, N = 1160). Subsequently, we estimated a graphical lasso correlation network for these teachers, which encompassed rumination components, anxiety components, and SPD symptoms. Specifically, the central and bridge centralities within the network structure were examined for the impacts of rumination and anxiety on SPD symptoms., Results: The three intracluster connections of rumination, anxiety, and SPD were tighter than the intercluster, with structural connections in rumination and anxiety networks closer than the triggered SPD symptoms cluster. Importantly, reflection reactions towards "write down what you are thinking and analyze it" (a component of rumination) were identified as a central and bridging node that might be a target for intervention for SPD symptoms., Conclusion: We identify potential edge-bridging rumination and anxiety on SPD and locate highly central components within each cluster via network analysis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2025 Zhang, Yong and Chen.)

Translational control shapes the proteome and is particularly important in regulating gene expression under stress. A key source of endothelial stress is treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which lowers cancer mortality but increases cardiovascular mortality. Using a human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cell (hiPSC-EC) model of sunitinib-induced vascular dysfunction combined with ribosome profiling, we assessed the role of translational control in hiPSC-ECs in response to stress. We identified staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain-containing protein 1 (SND1) as a sunitinib-dependent translationally repressed gene. SND1 translational repression was mediated by the mTORC1/4E-BP1 pathway. SND1 inhibition led to endothelial dysfunction, whereas SND1 OE protected against sunitinib-induced endothelial dysfunction. Mechanistically, SND1 transcriptionally regulated UBE2N, an E2-conjugating enzyme that mediates K63-linked ubiquitination. UBE2N along with the E3 ligases RNF8 and RNF168 regulated the DNA damage repair response pathway to mitigate the deleterious effects of sunitinib. In silico analysis of FDA-approved drugs led to the identification of an ACE inhibitor, ramipril, that protected against sunitinib-induced vascular dysfunction in vitro and in vivo, all while preserving the efficacy of cancer therapy. Our study established a central role for translational control of SND1 in sunitinib-induced endothelial dysfunction that could potentially be therapeutically targeted to reduce sunitinib-induced vascular toxicity.

The design of highly efficient catalysts to enhance the kinetics of oxygen reduction (OER) and oxygen evolution (ORR) reactions is the key issue for the development of high-performance Zn-air battery. In this work, we report the design of Co-CoTe heterostructured fibers as the bifunctional oxygen catalyst for Zn-air battery. Firstly, the theoretical analysis was carried out on Co-CoTe heterostructure. The large work function difference is favorable to construct strong interfacial built-in electric field (BIEF), and the low energy barrier endows high catalytic activities. Moreover, the in-situ grown carbon shell was designed to build "core-shell" Co-CoTe/C unit to realize its high performance. They assemble the Co-CoTe@HFS fiber with good self-supporting and flexible features. Taken the advantages of the strong BIEF, the "core-shell" basic unit, and the freestanding substrate, the Co-CoTe@HFS fiber achieves the good electrocatalytic properties and high reliability. The full Zn-air battery (ZAB) with the Co/CoTe@HFS air cathode achieves the high peak power density and cycling stability over long-term cycling. Therefore, this work provides a clue to design bifunctional oxygen catalysts for high-performance ZABs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 system has revolutionized targeted mutagenesis, but screening for mutations in large sample pools can be time-consuming and costly. We present an efficient and cost-effective polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based strategy for identifying edited mutants in the T 1 generation. Unlike previous methods, our approach addresses the challenges of large progeny populations by using T 0 generation sequencing results for genotype prediction. The T 1 generation plants were then divided into two scenarios: ≥4 bp indels and 1-2 bp indels. Specific primers are designed for these categories, employing dual-primers critical annealing temperature PCR for ≥4 bp indels and the derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (dCAPS) method for 1-2 bp indels. This method is straightforward, cost-effective, and allows rapid and precise identification of T 1 editing outcomes, distinguishing between wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous plants. This strategy accelerates gene functional analysis in plants and beyond.

Purpose: This study aims to propose a classification system to more accurately understand the features and nature of different CPs, to investigate the correlation between different topographies of CPs and their surgical outcomes., Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 91 surgically resected CPs. They were categorized into six types based on their location and origin. Simultaneously, the patients were divided into four categories based on the degree of pituitary stalk(PS) preservation postoperatively. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the variables among the different tumor type groups., Results: A total of 91 patients were included. The follow-up data for 59 cases were complete. Tumor volume varied significantly, with the suprasellar-third ventricle type II and ectopic type exhibiting larger volumes (P < 0.05). The choice of surgical approach differed significantly. The recurrence rates were significantly lower for the intrasellar-suprasellar type, suprasellar-third ventricle type II, and third ventricle type (P < 0.05). Patients with intra-stalk tumor growing pattern have a lower degree of PS preservation than those with peri-stalk pattern (P < 0.05). Patients' BMI after surgery was generally higher than before, and the incidence of pituitary dysfunction increased significantly. The proportion of long-term endocrine dysfunction was significantly higher in patients with complete disconnection of PS compared to those with preservation of the PS(P < 0.05)., Conclusions: This system holds significant importance in foretelling the rates of recurrence, alterations in postoperative body weight, long-term endocrine status, and potential complications. Furthermore, this study identified preoperative pituitary function status and specific surgical approaches as potential protective factors., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Background: To assess predictive value of short-term choroidal changes for future myopic shift in children., Methods: 577 eyes of 289 primary school children were prospectively followed for 2 years. Cycloplegic refractions at baseline, 1 year and 2 years, and choroidal measurements by optical coherence tomography at baseline and 3 months, were used for analyses. Myopic shift was defined as refraction change of at least -0.50 dioptre/year, at 2 years compared with baseline., Results: 228 participants (455 eyes) completed 2-year follow-up. Approximately 37.6% of 311 initially non-myopic eyes and 73.6% of 144 initially myopic eyes developed a myopic shift. Notably, at 3 months greater reductions were found in initially myopic eyes with myopic shift, than in those without myopic shift-in choroidal thickness (ChT), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA) and total choroidal area (TCA), but no significant differences in any choroidal parameters were observed between non-myopic eyes, with and without myopic shift. Multivariable analyses showed that in myopic eyes, each percentage increase in ChT, LA, SA and TCA was associated with reduced odds of myopic shift (all p<0.001). Similar associations were observed in non-myopic eyes, with smaller effects than in myopic eyes. Adding a 3-month percentage change of each choroidal parameter to a basic model including age, gender, parental myopia and baseline refraction significantly improved the predictive performance in myopic eyes (area under the receiver operating characteristic curves increasing from 0.650 to approximately 0.800, all p<0.05), but not in non-myopic eyes., Conclusion: Short-term choroidal changes could act as early indicators for future myopic shift in children., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ Group.)

Instrument reading detection in industrial scenarios poses significant challenges due to reading contour distortion caused by perspective transformation in the instrument images. However, existing methods fail to accurately read the display automatically due to incorrect labeling of the target box vertices, which arises from the vertex entanglement problem. To address these challenges, a novel Quadrilateral Contour Disentangled Detection Network (QCDNet) is proposed in this paper, which utilizes the quadrilateral disentanglement idea. First, a Multi-scale Feature Pyramid Network (MsFPN) is proposed for effective feature extraction to improve model accuracy. Second, we propose a Polar Coordinate Decoupling Representation (PCDR), which models each side of the instrument contour using polar coordinates. Additionally, a loss function for the polar coordinate parameters is designed to aid the PCDR in more effectively decoupling the instrument reading contour. Finally, the experimental results on the instrument dataset demonstrate that QCDNet outperforms existing quadrilateral detection algorithms, with improvements of 4.07%, 1.8%, and 2.89% in Precision, Recall, and F-measure, respectively. These results confirm the effectiveness of QCDNet for instrument reading detection tasks.

Background: After initial treatment, levothyroxine (LT4) administration is necessary for thyroid cancer patients to achieve target thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. However, the clinical efficacy of weight-based LT4 dosing has been suboptimal, highlighting the need to identify factors influencing the attainment of desired TSH levels and guide personalized treatment., Methods: We constructed a retrospective cohort comprising 215 patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer. The identification of factors influencing the attainment of expected TSH levels was accomplished through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Subsequently, we developed a nomogram based on these prognostic factors and performed internal validation using the bootstrap resampling method., Results: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the clinical and demographic parameters. A nomogram was constructed using bootstrap resampling to predict the risk of TSH suppression failure, which was validated. The nomogram demonstrated moderate discrimination in estimating the risk of TSH suppression failure, with a Hosmer-Lemeshow test p-value of 0.393 and a bootstrapped calibrated C-index of 0.757 (95% CI 0.687-0.814). The calibration curve indicated good consistency of the model, and decision curve analysis suggested that the nomogram had clinical utility., Conclusion: Gender, preoperative serum free thyroxine (FT4) levels, T stage, and body mass index exhibit independent associations with the expected level of TSH. The established nomogram effectively predicts the risk of TSH suppression failure. Further research is warranted to investigate how these factors can be utilized in developing a personalized LT4 dosage calculator., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2025 Zhang, Niu and Zhou.)

Bone defects caused by fractures and diseases often do not heal spontaneously. They require external agents for repair and regeneration. Bone tissue engineering is emerging as a promising alternative to traditional therapies like autografts and allografts. Nanobiomaterials enhance osteoblast resistance to harsh environments by promoting cell differentiation. Black phosphorus (BP), a novel 2D material in biomedicine, displays unique osteogenic and antimicrobial properties. However, BP nanosheets still face clinical limitations like rapid degradation and high-dose cytotoxicity. To address these, the introduction of amino-silicon phthalocyanine (SiPc-NH 2 ) is investigated to see if it can enhance BP dispersion, reduce BP oxidation, and improve stability and safety for better osteogenesis and antibacterial effects through noncovalent interactions (van der Waals, π-π stacking and electrostatic interactions). Here, the self-healing hydrogel is successfully designed using a step-by-step co-assembly of BP and SiPc-NH 2. SiPc-NH 2 as a "structural stabilizer" of BP nanosheets reconstructed well-dispersed BP-SiPc-NH 2 nanosheets, which improves the biocompatibility of BP, reduces oxidation and enhances photothermal conversion, guaranteeing osteogenic and antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, findings show BP-SiPc-NH 2 -induced mitochondrial changes support osteogenesis by regulating the crosstalk between Hippo and Wnt signaling pathways-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis, and boosting cellular bioenergetics. Overall, this mitochondrial morphology-based BP-SiPc-NH 2 strategy holds great promise for bone repair applications., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The development of dual prostaglandin E 2 receptors 2/4 (EP2/EP4) antagonists represents an attractive strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Herein, a series of 4,7-dihydro-5 H -thieno[2,3- c ]pyran derivatives with potent EP2/EP4 dual antagonism were discovered by fine-tuned structural modifications. The biphenyl side chain was found to be the key pharmacophore for the transition from EP4 antagonism to EP2/EP4 dual antagonism. The introduction of large sterically hindered segments posed challenges on obtaining EP2 potency, while having minimal impact on EP4 potency. Molecular dynamics simulations verified that the EP2 pocket is relatively narrow compared to EP4, and the key residues surrounding the EP2 pocket impose spatial restrictions on the entry of antagonists. Representative compound 29 ( CZY-1068 ) significantly reduced PGE 2 -induced expression of immunosuppression-related genes in macrophages. Notably, compound 29 elicited robust antitumor efficacy in the syngeneic MC38 tumor model. Taken together, this study provides a proof-of-concept for obtaining novel potent dual EP2/EP4 antagonists based on rational structural modifications.

Clostridioides difficile has rapidly become a major cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide due to the misuse of antibiotics. Our previous study confirmed that RT046/ST35 strain is associated with more severe clinical symptoms compared to RT012/ST54 strain. We conducted genome comparison of the RT046/ST35 and RT012/ST54 strains using whole-genome sequencing technology. The RT046/ST35 strain had a genome length of 7,869,254 bp with a GC content of 29.49%. The original length of the RT012/ST54 strain was 7,499,568 bp with a GC content of 29.64%. Additionally, we detected plasmid1 in the RT046/ST54 strain. We found that the RT046/ST35 strain had more genomic islands compared to the RT012/ST54 strain, and we identified polysaccharide lyase (PL) in the region around 2.2 M. Furthermore, we discovered that the increased severity of clinical symptoms in the RT046/ST35 strain compared to the RT012/ST54 strain was unrelated to virulence factors and emphasized the potential crucial role of PL in RT046/ST35. There were almost no differences in eggNOG annotation and KEGG annotation between RT046/ST35 and RT012/ST54. RT046/ST35 had more mRNA processes in GO annotation. In conclusion, our study suggests that the core factor contributing to the more serious clinical symptoms of the RT046/ST35 strain compared to the RT012/ST54 strain is possibly PL., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interests. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Flowering is a critical step in the plant life cycle. Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels is a medicinal crop whose root is a well-known herbal medicine used in Asia. Early flowering causes changes in secondary metabolic flow and results in the loss of medicinal quality. Based on untargeted metabolomics studies, quinic acid was identified as a metabolite present in significantly higher concentrations during the early-flowering stage in A. sinensis leaves. This metabolite was subsequently investigated as a potential marker for early bolting in A. sinensis under field conditions. Moreover, quinic acid was found to accelerate flowering in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Importantly, the flowering time was delayed in the quinate dehydrogenase At mutant, and this delay was reversed by quinic acid. Quinic acid upregulated the expression of the GA20OX and GID1 receptors and downregulated the expression of the inhibitor DELLA, thereby affecting the levels of FT and LFY and accelerating plant flowering. Quinic acid also significantly changed the expression of genes such as LOX, JAZ1, MYC2 and MYC3 in the jasmonic acid pathway. The trends of GID1, DELLA (GAI) and LOX2 protein expression were essentially consistent with those at the transcription level. These results suggest that quinic acid may promote plant flowering primarily by regulating the expression of genes and proteins in the gibberellin and jasmonic acid pathways., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The methods involved in this study were carried out in compliance with local and national regulations. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Perfluoroalkyl and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) release from textiles is a source of human exposure, but the mechanisms behind this release remain insufficiently studied. This research investigates the release and transport mechanisms of PFAS in outdoor jacket fabrics treated with a short side-chain fluorinated polymers (C 6 F 13 -SFPs) for durable water repellency (DWR). PA-based and PET-based fabrics were exposed to outdoor conditions and subjected to accelerated aging, followed by abrasion, washing, and drying experiments to simulate wear and degradation. The fabrics were analyzed for total fluorine (TF) content, PFAS composition, and microplastic fibers (MFs) release. Photocatalytic oxidation was applied to fabric extracts to assess the transformation of PFAS precursors. The results show that aging causes a reduction in TF content and an increase in PFAS migration to inner fabric layers, particularly perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) and n:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH). Extended washing cycles further elevated fluorine release and MF shedding, with significant fluorine detected in the wash effluents and MFs. In summary, PFAS in outdoor jackets after use exceed regulatory limits and are hazardous to the environment. Therefore, setting limits for only a few PFAS is inadequate to assess release hazards. Future efforts should revise regulations based on release pathways, assess toxicity, and develop better prevention technologies., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Xu Zhao reports financial support was provided by The Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province. Bo Zhu reports financial support was provided by The national Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Chlorpromazine (CPZ) is an abused sedative that is extensively metabolized in organisms. However, the metabolic pathway of CPZ in aquatic organisms is still unclear. In this study, CPZ metabolites was analyzed in grass carp exposed to CPZ in the raising water using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS). Thirteen CPZ metabolites were identified, including 11 previously reported and 2 newly identified metabolites (M9 and M13), and 5 known metabolites were confirmed using authentic standards. The molecular structures and transformation pathways of CPZ metabolites were putatively deduced, which mainly included oxygenation, demethylation, dechlorination and carboxylation reactions. Quantitative analysis of CPZ and its metabolites were also performed, and CPZ sulfoxide had a higher content as an important characteristic metabolite. In addition, in-silico toxicity prediction reminded that some metabolites possess ecotoxicity and developmental toxicities similar to, or even higher, than CPZ. Moreover, metabolomics results indicated that CPZ exposure could cause metabolic disorder in the endogenous metabolome of grass carp., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Lamb waves are widely used for defect detection in structural health monitoring, and various methods are developed for Lamb wave data analysis. This paper presents an unsupervised Adversarial Transformer model for anomalous Lamb wave pattern detection by analyzing the spatiotemporal images generated by a hybrid PZT-scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV). The model includes the global attention and the local attention mechanisms, and both are trained adversarially. Given the different natures between the normal and anomalous wave patterns, global attention allows accurate reconstruction of normal wave data but is less capable of reproducing anomalous data and, hence, can be used for anomalous wave pattern detection. Local attention, however, serves as a sparring partner in the proposed adversarial training process to boost the quality of global attention. In addition, a new segment replacement strategy is also proposed to make global attention consistently extract textural contents found in normal data, which, however, are noticeably different from anomalies, leading to superior model performance. Our Adversarial Transformer model is also compared with several benchmark models and demonstrates an overall accuracy of 97.1 % for anomalous wave pattern detection. It is also confirmed that global attention and local attention in adversarial training are responsible for the superior performance of our model over the benchmark models (including the native Transformer model)., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Circularly polarized organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs) have significant promise for naked-eye 3D displays. However, most devices are fabricated using vacuum deposition technology, and development of efficient solution-processed CP-OLEDs, particularly those exhibiting low efficiency roll-off, remains a formidable challenge. This research successfully designed and synthesized two pairs of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) enantiomers through isomer engineering, namely (R/S)-N-5-TPA and (R/S)-N-4-TPA, which features fifth and fourth substitution sites of phthalimide (acceptor) by tri-phenylamine (donor), respectively. Both molecules displayed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties. Notably, the CP-OLED devices, fabricated by solution-process, exhibited vivid blue-green and green emission with the maximum current efficiency of 7.4 and 29.6 cd A -1 , the external quantum efficiency of 2.7 % and 10.2 %, and the low efficiency roll-off of 3.7 % and 16.7 %. Moreover, these devices demonstrated CP-EL signals with g EL values of +6.61×10 -4 /-6.84×10 -4 and +1.13×10 -3 /-1.25×10 -3 , respectively., (© 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

With the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry, data monitoring and collecting in the manufacturing process become essential. Pointer meter reading recognition (PMRR) is a key element in data monitoring throughout the manufacturing process. However, existing PMRR methods have low accuracy and insufficient robustness due to issues such as blur, uneven illumination, tilt, and complex backgrounds in meter images. To address these challenges, we propose an end-to-end PMRR method based on a decoupled circle head detection algorithm (YOLOX-DC) and a Unet-like pure Transformer segmentation network (PM-SwinUnet). First, according to the characteristics of the pointer dial, the YOLOX-DC detection algorithm is designed based on the exceeding you only look once detector (YOLOX). The decoupled circle head of YOLOX-DC detects the pointer meter dial more accurately than the commonly used rectangular detection head. Second, the window multi-head attention of the PM-SwinUnet network enhances the feature extraction ability of pointer meter images and solves problems of missed scale detection and incomplete pointer segmentation. Additionally, the scale and pointer fitting module is introduced into the PM-SwinUnet to locate the accurate position of the scale and pointer. Finally, through the angle relationship between the pointer and the first two main scale lines, the pointer meter reading is accurately calculated by the improved angle method. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed end-to-end method across three-pointer meter datasets. Furthermore, it provides a rapid and robust approach to the digital transformation of manufacturing systems.

Additive engineering plays a pivotal role in achieving high-quality light-absorbing layers for high-performance and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Various functional groups within the additives exert distinct regulatory effects on the perovskite layer. However, few additive molecules can synergistically fulfill the dual functions of regulating crystallization and passivating defects. Here, we custom-synthesized 2-ureido-4-pyrimidone (UPy) organic small molecules with diverse functional groups as additives to modulate crystallization and defects in perovskite films via the Michael addition reaction. Theoretical and experimental investigations demonstrate that the -OH groups in UPy exhibit significant effects in fixing uncoordinated Pb 2+ ions, passivation of lead-iodide antisite defects, alleviating hysteresis, and reducing non-radiative recombination. Furthermore, the enhanced C=O and -NH 2 motifs interact with the A-site cation via hydrogen bonding, which relieves residual strain and adjusts crystal orientation. This strategy effectively controls perovskite crystallization and passivates defects, ultimately enhancing the quality of perovskite films. Consequently, the open-circuit voltage of the UPy-based p-i-n PSCs reaches 1.20 V, and the fill factor surpasses 84 %. The champion device delivers a power conversion efficiency of 25.75 %. Remarkably, the unencapsulated device maintained 96.9 % and 94.5 % of its initial efficiency following 3,360 hours of dark storage and 1,866 hours of 1-sun illumination, respectively., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The explorations of efficient electrocatalysts to accelerate oxygen reactions in a wide temperature range is a crucial issue to the development of zinc-air batteries (ZAB) for all-climate applications. Herein, the Co-CoSe heterogeneous furry fibers (Co-CoSe@NHF) are developed as a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for ZAB towards wide-temperature range applications. The Co-CoSe heterostructure with large work function difference (ΔW F ) endows interfacial electron redistribution, which builds strong interfacial built-in electric field (BIEF) and improves the oxygen reactions. Meanwhile, the Co-CoSe heterostructure is encapsulated by in-situ grown carbon nanotubes, and forms the hollow fiber (NHF) with furry surface and beads-on-string configuration. The highly porous and conductive NHF configuration facilitates the fast kinetics and favors to accommodates volume change during cycling. As a result, the Co-CoSe@NHF achieves the superior bifunctional properties and good reliability for oxygen reactions. Integrated with the Co-CoSe@NHF fiber, the ZAB cell delivers the superior power density (301 mW cm -2 ) and long-term cycling stability over 280 h at 25 °C, and maintains the power densities of 126 mW cm -2 even the temperature decreases to -25 °C. Moreover, the solid-state ZAB exhibits significant flexibility and superior properties in a wide temperature range. Therefore, this work not only proposes a new strategy to design the high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts, but also propels the development of flexible power sources for all-climate applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Enhancement of the mechanical and biological properties of dental restoration materials is of significant importance. Drawing inspiration from the architecture and mechanical properties of natural nacre, we employed a low-cost accumulative rolling process to develop resin-ceramic composites with suitable hardness and high toughness. Plate-like aluminum oxide powder with diameters of 5-10 μm and nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) with antibacterial properties were mixed as the ceramic phase of the composite. Aluminum oxide ceramic plates were stacked using an accumulative rolling process to achieve a consistent orientation, followed by sintering to obtain porous ceramic scaffolds. The ceramic scaffolds were subsequently immersed in methyl methacrylate resin to complete the fabrication of the biomimetic composites. The mechanical and biological properties of the composites were comprehensively tested. The composites had a suitable hardness (1.09-1.63 GPa), excellent flexural strength (156.7-167.8 MPa), and fracture toughness (K IC  = 2.66-3.59 MPa m 1/2 ). Biomimetic composites are expected to mitigate the wear of natural teeth without developing fractures or deformations, while also exhibiting excellent cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity. This study investigated the factors influencing crack propagation in fracture tests and provided insights into enhancing the toughness of dental restorative materials. The biomimetic resin-ceramic composites containing Zn developed in this study have the potential to be used as functional dental restoration materials., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This study is to investigate the therapeutical effect and mechanisms of human-derived adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) in relieving adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy (AN). SD rats were separated into normal group, ADR group, ADR+Losartan group (20 mg/kg), and ADR + ADSC group. AN rats were induced by intravenous injection with adriamycin (8 mg/kg), and 4 d later, ADSC (2 × 10 5 cells/mouse) were administrated twice with 2 weeks interval time (i.v.). The rats were euthanized after the 6 weeks' treatment. Biochemical indicators reflecting renal injury, such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), neutrophil gelatinase alpha (NGAL), serum creatinine (Scr), inflammation, oxidative stress, and pro-fibrosis molecules, were evaluated. Results demonstrated that we obtained high qualified ADSCs for treatment determined by flow cytometry, and ADSCs treatment significantly ameliorated renal injuries in DN rats by decreasing BUN, Scr and NGAL in peripheral blood, as well as renal histopathological injuries, especially protecting the integrity of podocytes by immunofluorescence. Furthermore, ADSCs treatment also remarkably reduced the renal inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in DN rats. Preliminary mechanism study suggested that the ADSCs treatment significantly increased renal neovascularization via enhancing proangiogenic VEGF production. Pharmacodynamics study using in vivo imaging confirmed that ADSCs via intravenous injection could accumulate into the kidneys and be alive at least 2 weeks. In a conclusion, ADSC can significantly alleviate ADR-induced nephropathy, and mainly through reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis, as well as enhancing VEGF production.

An unexpected phosphine-catalyzed controllable three-component domino reaction involving [1 + 2 + 2] annulation and [1 + 2 + 2]/[3 + 2] sequential annulation reaction of 2-arylmethylidene cyanoacetates/malononitriles with Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) carbonates has been developed. A broad range of densely functionalized cyclopentanes and diquinanes bearing five or four consecutive stereogenic centers, including two all-carbon quaternary stereocenters, were smoothly acquired in moderate to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions from readily available materials. Moreover, this divergent transformation enables the simultaneous generation of three or four new C-C bonds and one or two carbocyclic rings in only one step.

Both embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and the successful reprogramming of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer an unprecedented therapeutic potential for Parkinson's disease (PD), allowing for the replacement of depleted neurons in PD-affected brain regions, thereby achieving therapeutic goals. This study explored the differences in cell types between iPSCs and ESCs in the PD brain to provide a feasible theoretical basis for the improved use of iPSCs as a replacement for ESCs in treating PD. Signal cell RNA sequencing data and microarray data of ESCs and iPSCs were collected from the GEO database. scRNA-seq data were subjected to quality control, clustering, and identification using the Seurat R package to determine cell types and proportions in ESCs and iPSCs. Differential expression analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes between ESCs and iPSCs, and PPI network analysis was conducted using String. Based on scRNA-seq data, we identified 13 cell clusters in ESCs and 13 cell clusters in iPSCs. iPSCs were predominantly composed of immune cells and lacked astrocytes, neurons, and dopamine neurons compared to ESCs. iPSCs also exhibited lower cell type diversity compared to ESCs. At the gene level, iPSCs lacked key genes, such as TH and GAP43 for nerve growth and development. At the metabolic level, the difference between ESCs and iPSC was mainly reflected in nerve cells and was closely related to the tumor-proliferation signature. iPSCs can be promoted to differentiate into cell types closer to or even replace ESCs, providing a better therapeutic option for PD treatment.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by radical surgery has been a common practice for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, but the response rate varies among patients. This study aimed to develop a ResNet-Vision Transformer based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-endoscopy fusion model to precisely predict treatment response and provide personalized treatment., Methods: In this multicenter study, 366 eligible patients who had undergone neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by radical surgery at eight Chinese tertiary hospitals between January 2017 and June 2024 were recruited, with 2928 pretreatment colonic endoscopic images and 366 pelvic MRI images. An MRI-endoscopy fusion model was constructed based on the ResNet backbone and Transformer network using pretreatment MRI and endoscopic images. Treatment response was defined as good response or non-good response based on the tumor regression grade. The Delong test and the Hanley-McNeil test were utilized to compare prediction performance among different models and different subgroups, respectively. The predictive performance of the MRI-endoscopy fusion model was comprehensively validated in the test sets and was further compared to that of the single-modal MRI model and single-modal endoscopy model., Results: The MRI-endoscopy fusion model demonstrated favorable prediction performance. In the internal validation set, the area under the curve (AUC) and accuracy were 0.852 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.744-0.940) and 0.737 (95% CI: 0.712-0.844), respectively. Moreover, the AUC and accuracy reached 0.769 (95% CI: 0.678-0.861) and 0.729 (95% CI: 0.628-0.821), respectively, in the external test set. In addition, the MRI-endoscopy fusion model outperformed the single-modal MRI model (AUC: 0.692 [95% CI: 0.609-0.783], accuracy: 0.659 [95% CI: 0.565-0.775]) and the single-modal endoscopy model (AUC: 0.720 [95% CI: 0.617-0.823], accuracy: 0.713 [95% CI: 0.612-0.809]) in the external test set., Conclusion: The MRI-endoscopy fusion model based on ResNet-Vision Transformer achieved favorable performance in predicting treatment response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and holds tremendous potential for enabling personalized treatment regimens for locally advanced rectal cancer patients., (Copyright © 2024 The Chinese Medical Association, produced by Wolters Kluwer, Inc. under the CC-BY-NC-ND license.)

Formononetin is a natural flavonoid existing widely in plants with many pharmacological effects. However, its application is limited by structure, poor water solubility and low bioavailability. In this study, Bacillus velezensis LQ5 was isolated from the inter-root soil of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch for the first time and formononetin was firstly structurally modified by whole-cell catalysis of LQ5 to obtain formononetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (FG), formononetin-7-O-β-(6''-O-succinyl)-D-glucoside (FGS) and formononetin-7-O-phosphate (FP). The selective preparation of the three products was achieved by adjusting the content of yeast extract, type and content of sugars, metal ions, pH and ATP content. The result confirmed that FP had the ideal drug-likeness properties and showed a greater ability to reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and regulate oxidative enzymes. This work successfully established a biotransformation method for the efficient transformation of formononetin to produce high-value formononetin derivatives., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest to this work. We declare that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The blood-brain barrier is often altered in glioblastoma (GBM) creating a blood-brain-tumor barrier (BBTB) composed of pericytes. The BBTB affects chemotherapy efficacy. However, the expression signatures of BBTB-associated pericytes remain unclear. We aimed to identify BBTB-associated pericytes in single-cell RNA sequencing data of GBM using pericyte markers, a normal brain pericyte expression signature, and functional enrichment. We identified parathyroid hormone receptor-1 (PTH1R) as a potential marker of pericytes associated with BBTB function. These pericytes interact with other cells in GBM mainly through extracellular matrix-integrin signaling pathways. Compared with normal pericytes, pericytes in GBM exhibited upregulation of several ECM genes (including collagen IV and FN1 ), and high expression levels of these genes were associated with a poor prognosis. Cell line experiments showed that PTH1R knockdown in pericytes increased collagen IV and FN1 expression levels. In mice models, the expression levels of PTH1R, collagen IV, and FN1 were consistent with these trends. Evans Blue leakage and IgG detection in the brain tissue suggested a negative correlation between PTH1R expression levels and blood-brain barrier function. Further, a risk model based on differentially expressed genes in PTH1R + pericytes had predictive value for GBM, as validated using independent and in-house cohorts., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s). MedComm published by Sichuan International Medical Exchange & Promotion Association (SCIMEA) and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Background: Maintaining iron homeostasis is crucial for preventing the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, Evidence regarding the correlation between serum iron status and CRC has been inconsistent. This population-based study aims to explore the potential association between serum iron status and CRC risk., Methods: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) registry spanning from 2001 to 2020, a cross-sectional study involving 9504 participants was performed to assess the relationship between serum iron status and CRC risk. The study encompassed men and women of various racial backgrounds, aged 20 to 80, from across the United States. Participants' characteristics were presented using mean or proportion. The possible risk factor for CRC was examined using both univariable and multivariable analysis. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CRC in accordance with each quantile increment in serum iron item levels., Results: After making full adjustment, our analysis did not reveal a statistically significant association between serum iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation (TSAT), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and the risk of CRC. While there was no statistically significant difference observed, an increasing ferritin concentration appeared to be associated with a decreased CRC risk when compared to the lowest quantile. Specifically, the ORs and 95% CIs for the second, third, and fourth quantiles (Q2, Q3, and Q4) versus the lowest quantile (Q1) were as follows: Q2 (vs. Q1) OR 0.403, 95% CI 0.063-2.568; Q3 (vs. Q1) OR 0.316, 95% CI 0.059-1.687; Q4 (vs. Q1) OR 0.250, 95% CI 0.050-1.258. However, this trend did not reach statistical significance (P for trend = 0.381)., Conclusion: Our analyze did not demonstrate a statistically significant correlation between serum iron status and the risk of CRC., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Conductive hydrogels are regarded as an optimal flexible electronic material. Nevertheless, simultaneously achieving excellent mechanical and conductive properties in hydrogels necessitates attention. The high mechanical properties of hydrogels were achieved by employing a strategy that involves constructing a nano-structure network inspired by the highly ordered structure of dragonfly wings. The conductivity and anti-freezing of the hydrogel were enhanced through the construction of a conductive mechanism, achieved by combining ions with nano-particles. The hydrogel exhibits outstanding properties, including anti-freezing, ultra-stretchable (6000 %), impressive conductivity (16.2 S m -1 ), a transparency level of up to 91.2 %, and excellent sensitivity in strain sensors. Regulation of the hydrogel matrix's topology and the formation of bionic nano-structures synergistically establish the hydrogel's ultra-stretching and energy dissipation mechanism. The high conductivity of the hydrogel is achieved by constructing a synergistic conduction pathway, which incorporates nano-particles and ions. Under the stretching-induced effect of hydrogel, it facilitates a more efficient path for conduction, thereby enhancing its conductivity and sensing sensitivity under significant strains. Subsequently, this hydrogel was successfully applied to wearable sensor technology, demonstrating surprisingly remarkably prompt non-delayed sensing performance even at low-temperatures. It presents abundant opportunities for expanding the application of hydrogels in flexible electronics., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Despite the remarkable potential of phase change fibers for energy storage, their practical deployment has been hindered by two crucial challenges: inadequate external thermal stimulation to induce phase transition and leakage of the phase-change material. In this study, we successfully incorporated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into a solution of sodium alginate grafted polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (SA-g-mPEG) and utilized wet spinning processing to fabricate CNTs/SA-g-mPEG hybrid fibers with enhanced photo-thermal conversion and robust solid-solid phase change capabilities. Upon exposure to sunlight for merely 60 s, the hybrid fibers achieved a remarkable peak temperature of 40 °C. Upon cessation of sunlight exposure, these fibers demonstrated a gradual release of thermal energy, thereby underlining their exceptional photothermal conversion and temperature regulation capabilities. Furthermore, DSC analysis revealed that, at an optimal grafting ratio of 36.6 %, the hybrid fibers exhibited ΔH c and ΔH m values of 48.23 J/g and 50.83 J/g, respectively. Notably, hybrid fibers with a grafting ratio of 20.2 % demonstrated substantial enhancements in tensile properties, achieving a maximum breaking strength of approximately 2.02 cN/dtex-an impressive 11.3 % increase compared to SA-g-mPEG composite fibers. Our findings suggest that CNTs/SA-g-mPEG hybrid fibers hold immense promise for applications in body heat storage, fabric temperature regulation, and related fields., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: During the acute heart failure (AHF), acute kidney injury (AKI) is highly prevalent in critically ill patients. The occurrence of the latter condition increases the risk of mortality in patients with acute heart failure. The current research on the relationship between nutritional risk and the occurrence of acute kidney injury in patients with acute heart failure is very limited. Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV, version 2.1) database. We included adult patients with AHF who were admitted to the intensive care unit in the study. Results: A total of 1310 critically ill patients with acute heart failure were included. The AUC of geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) (0.694) is slightly superior to that of controlling nutritional status (CONUT) (0.656) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) (0.669). The Log-rank test revealed a higher risk of acute kidney injury in patients with high nutritional risk ( p  < 0.001). Multivariate COX regression analysis indicated that a high GNRI (adjusted HR 0.62, p  < 0.001) was associated with a reduced risk of AKI during hospitalization in AHF patients. The final subgroup analysis demonstrated no significant interaction of GNRI in all subgroups except for diabetes subgroup and ventilation subgroup (P for interaction: 0.057-0.785). Conclusion: Our study findings suggest a correlation between GNRI and the occurrence of acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects two billion people worldwide and is currently mostly treatable via lifestyle interventions, such as exercise training. However, it is unclear whether the positive effects of exercise are restricted to unique circadian windows. We therefore aimed to study whether the timing of exercise training differentially modulates MASLD development. Twenty weeks old male APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice were fed a high fat-high cholesterol diet to induce MASLD and treadmill-trained for 1 h five times per week for 12 weeks either early (ZT13; E-RUN) or late (ZT22; L-RUN) in the dark phase while corresponding sedentary groups (E-SED and L-SED) did not. Late, but not early exercise training decreased the MASLD score, body weight, fat mass, and liver triglycerides, accompanied by an altered composition of the gut microbiota. Specifically, only late exercise training increased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacterial families and genera, such as Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae, and Rikenella. To assess the role of the gut microbiota in training-induced effects, the study was repeated and trained (ZT22 only, RUN) or sedentary mice (SED) served as fecal donors for sedentary recipient mice (RUN FMT and SED FMT). Fecal microbiota transplantation reduced liver weight and plasma triglycerides in RUN FMT compared to SED FMT and tended to lower the MASLD score and liver triglycerides. Timing of exercise training is a critical factor for the positive effect on MASLD in this preclinical model, and the effect of late exercise is partially mediated via the gut-liver axis., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Pineal Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: The effects of restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategies in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and anemia, particularly in adult patients with moderate to severe TBI, remain inconclusive. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the comparative impact of restrictive and liberal red blood cell transfusion strategies among critically ill adult patients with moderate to severe TBI., Methods: We conducted a search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from their inception through October 20, 2024, to identify randomized controlled trials that compared restrictive (transfusions at a hemoglobin level of ≤ 7 g/dL) and liberal (transfusions at a hemoglobin level of ≤ 9-10 g/dL) transfusion strategies in adult patients with TBI. The primary outcome was mortality, with secondary outcomes including an unfavorable neurological outcome at six months, as determined by the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS < 4; or Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended [GOSE] < 6), and the number of units of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) transfused., Results: Five randomized controlled trials involving 1,528 patients were included in the analysis. The results showed that restrictive transfusion, compared to liberal transfusion, had no impact on mortality (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.24, I 2  = 0%) or unfavorable neurological outcome at 6 months (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.20, I 2  = 47%). Restrictive transfusion was associated with a reduction in the number of units of pRBCs transfused (MD -2.62, 95% CI -3.33 to -1.90, I 2  = 63%)., Conclusion: In patients with TBI, a restrictive transfusion strategy did not reduce the risk of mortality or unfavorable neurological outcome compared with a liberal transfusion strategy., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

This paper proposes a control strategy for the variable boost characteristics of electronic hydraulic brake (EHB) systems based on the driving style in response to the nonlinear challenges faced by the EHB systems in intelligent driving under complex personalized requirements. Initially, the working principle of the active braking of the EHB-booster was analyzed, and equivalent dynamic models and Karnopp friction models were established. Subsequently, by identifying the displacement and velocity parameters of the brake pedal, three types of variable boost characteristics-sporty, comfortable, and standard-were designed to satisfy the requirements of different driving styles. Then, to address the nonlinear disturbances caused by the variable boost characteristics, a variable-gain multiclosed-loop control strategy that considers nonlinear friction and inertia compensation was developed. Finally, the proposed control strategy was tuned and verified through the AMESim and Simulink cosimulation platform and vehicle tests. The results demonstrate that the strategy exhibits excellent control performance under various braking conditions that match driving styles, with steady-state control errors within 0.1 Mpa, providing a feasible solution for the complex nonlinear problems faced by personalized implementation in higher-order intelligent driving., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) responsible for blood cell production and their bone marrow regulatory niches undergo age-related changes, impacting immune responses and predisposing individuals to hematologic malignancies. Here, we show that the age-related alterations of the megakaryocytic niche and associated downregulation of Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) are pivotal mechanisms driving HSC aging. PF4-deficient mice display several phenotypes reminiscent of accelerated HSC aging, including lymphopenia, increased myeloid output, and DNA damage, mimicking physiologically aged HSCs. Remarkably, recombinant PF4 administration restored old HSCs to youthful functional phenotypes characterized by improved cell polarity, reduced DNA damage, enhanced in vivo reconstitution capacity, and balanced lineage output. Mechanistically, we identified LDLR and CXCR3 as the HSC receptors transmitting the PF4 signal, with double knockout mice showing exacerbated HSC aging phenotypes similar to PF4-deficient mice. Furthermore, human HSCs across various age groups also respond to the youthful PF4 signaling, highlighting its potential for rejuvenating aged hematopoietic systems. These findings pave the way for targeted therapies aimed at reversing age-related HSC decline with potential implications in the prevention or improvement of the course of age-related hematopoietic diseases., Key Points: Age-related attrition of the megakaryocytic niche and associated PF4 downregulation is a central mechanism in HSC aging.PF4 supplementation, acting on LDLR and CXCR3 receptors, rejuvenates the function of aged HSCs.

Cumulative evidence has verified that persistent oxidative stress is involved in the development of various chronic diseases, including pulmonary, neurodegenerative, kidney, cardiovascular, and liver diseases, as well as cancers. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a pivotal role in regulating cellular oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, making it a focal point for disease prevention and treatment strategies. Natural products are essential resources for discovering leading molecules for new drug research and development. In this review, we comprehensively outlined the progression of the knowledge on the Nrf2 pathway, Nrf2 activators in clinical trials, the naturally-derived Nrf2 modulators (particularly from 2014-present), as well as their effects on the pathogenesis of chronic diseases., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background and Aim: To understand the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) complicated by hyperuricemia, and to analyze the time-averaged SUA (TA-SUA) on the prognosis of IgAN., Methods and Results: A retrospective analysis of 718 IgAN patients with diagnosis confirmed by renal biopsy and follow-up of more than 1 year was performed. At least two serum uric acid (SUA) levels were measured at intervals of 0.5-1 year during follow-up. The TA-SUA was calculated according to the area under the curve during the follow-up period. The primary endpoint of the study was the doubling of creatinine or end-stage renal disease. Four groups (Q1-Q4) were divided according to TA-SUA quartile spacing from low to high, and the association of the TA-SUA with prognosis in IgAN patients was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models. This study included 718 patients with IgAN, of whom 181 (25.21 %) had hyperuricemia.Compared with the other three groups, the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients in the fourth quarter were more severe in both baseline SUA and TA-SUA groups. Multivariate results suggested that baseline SUA was not an independent risk factor for renal prognosis in IgAN patients after adjustment for clinical variables such as eGFR. High TA-SUA is an independent risk factor for renal prognosis in IgAN patients., Conclusions: Hyperuricemia is common in IgA nephropathy.High TA-SUA in IgAN patients show more severe clinical features and pathological damage. TA-SUA is an independent risk factor for renal prognosis in IgA nephropathy patients., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Vaccination is a widely adopted measure to prevent diseases, but the process of immunization can induce a substantial stress response. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a combined Mycoplasma bovis -BoHV-1 vaccine on the upper respiratory tract microbiome and BRD-associated pathogens in calves, as well as to evaluate the effects of potential interventions. The results showed that the percentage of Pasteurella species in the upper respiratory tract was elevated in calves after vaccination without intervention, and Pasteurella multocida was activated and proliferated. Interestingly, none of the three interventions (Sodium selenite-vitamin E, Astragalus polysaccharide and Ceftiofur sodium) affected antibody production after immunization. The administration of sodium selenite-vitamin E and astragalus polysaccharide reduced serum levels of cortisol and malondialdehyde, increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and alleviated the proliferation of Pasteurella multocida . Furthermore, the use of ceftiofur sodium almost completely inhibited the proliferation of Pasteurella multocida induced by immune stress. These findings provide a reference for mitigating the negative impacts associated with vaccination and highlight the potential benefits of using targeted nutritional and antimicrobial interventions to optimize immune responses and maintain a stable respiratory microbiome in calves., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Liu, Zhang, Xiang, Shirani, Chen and Guo.)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a crucial factor affecting the prognosis and treatment outcomes of CRC patients. It has been confirmed that altered glycosylation is a key event during CRC lymphatic metastases. Sialylation is one of the most significant glycosylation alterations in tumors. However, the predictive role of sialylation and sialylated protein in CRC remains elusive, especially in CRC-LNM. In this study, we explored and identified 1102 sialylated glycoproteins in CRC-LNM using metabolic labeling strategy and proteomics analysis. Combined with comprehensive analysis with bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms, we screened 25 prognostic sialylation-related genes (SRGs) to construct a new molecular phenotype (LRSRGs-Phenotype) and a prognostic SRG signature (LRSRGs-related Gene Signature) in CRC. Then, we further confirmed that patients in different phenotypes had different prognosis, molecular biological characteristics, immune cell infiltration and could be closely linked to three previously reported immune phenotypes: immune-excluded (Phenotype A), immune-desert (Phenotype B), and immune-inflamed (Phenotype C). Besides, we evaluated and validated the LRSRGs-related gene (ACADM, EHD4, FLOT1, GPC1, GSR, LRRC8A, NGFR, SDHB, and SEC61G) signature and found the risk score was an independent risk factor for CRC prognosis. CRC patients in different risk groups had different somatic mutation, tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy response. Finally, we also identified the potential therapeutic agents for CRC patients in different risk groups. In conclusion, we explored the key sialylated glycoproteins, which may play a key role in tumor LNM and clinical outcomes. And constructed the LRSRGs-phenotype and signature with prognostic and therapeutic predictive value in CRC, hoping to provide reliable scientific basis for future treatments in CRC patients., Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)