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Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate fear of falling, kinesiophobia, and sensory processing in older adults with hypertension and normotension., Methods: Older adults, 62 with hypertension and 62 with normotension, aged 65-84 years were included in the study. The assessment of fear of falling was conducted using the Tinetti Falls Efficacy Scale, kinesiophobia was evaluated with the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale, and sensory processing skills were analyzed with the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile., Results: Significant differences were found between the groups in terms of vestibular processing, visual processing and activity level, fear of falling and kinesiophobia ( p  < .05). No significant differences were found between the groups with respect to taste/smell, tactile, and auditory processing skills. The findings revealed that older adults with hypertension exhibited diminished vestibular and visual processing abilities, reduced activity levels, and heightened concerns about falling and a tendency to experience kinesiophobia. Fear of falling and kinesiophobia were found to increase with decreasing vestibular processing skills and activity levels in both groups ( p  < .05). Regression analysis revealed that age, kinesiophobia, vestibular processing, and activity levels were significant determinants of fear of falling ( p  < .05)., Conclusion: It is recommended that older adults with hypertension be assessed in terms of sensory, functional, and mental health, with the objective of planning appropriate intervention approaches.

Objectives: To determine the distribution of prostate cancer (PCa) patients between physical activity and kinesiophobia, fatigue and quality of life, and to what extent PCa persists compared to healthy males., Methods: Total of 118 males participated in the study. These participants were allocated into two groups: PCa group (n:59) and control group (n:59). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form was used to assess physical activity levels, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue Questionnaire (FACIT-F) was used for measuring fatigue, kinesiophobia was evaluated with the Kinesiophobia Causes Scale, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Prostate Version questionnaire (FACT-P) was used to assess quality of life., Results: PCa had significantly lower scores in moderate activity (p=0.005) and total physical activity (p=0.010) compared with the control. Scores for kinesiophobia in both biological (p=0.045) and psychological subparameters (p=0.001), as well as the total kinesiophobia score (p=0.003), were higher in PCa. The FACIT-F (p<0.001) and total FACT-P (p<0.001) score were significantly lower in PCa than the control., Conclusion: Kinesiophobia in PCa is significantly influenced by both biological and psychological factors. Kinesiophobia negatively affects patients' functional status and overall quality of life. Their well-being is shaped not only by their physical and emotional conditions but also by the quality of their family relationships. This multifaceted impact highlights the complex interaction between physical activity, functional abilities, emotional health and social dynamics in PCa. In addition to routine treatments for PCa patients, the development and implementation of a comprehensive rehabilitation programme may lead to significant improvements in their quality of life., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ Group.)

Objective: To investigate prevalence and associations of kinesiophobia on patients with axSpA, and its relation to global functioning and health, disease activity, function, spinal mobility and physical activity in comparison to healthy controls (HC)., Methods: Cross-sectional, observational study in which consecutive axSpA-patients with axSpA (n=100) and 20 healthy controls (HC) were examined by the Tampa scale of kinesiophobia (TSK), and the Fear avoidance belief questionnaire (FABQ). Patient reported outcomes and objective assessments of disease activity physical function, global health and functioning as well as the BASMI, the AS physical performance index (ASPI), the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and Epionics SPINE (ES) measurements, including range of motion (RoM) and kinematics (RoK) were collected., Results: AxSpA-patients showed higher TSK (25.5±6.8 vs 14.0±5.1) and FABQ scores (40.1±22. vs 3.1±6.9) compared to HC, all p≤0.001. Categorical analyses of kinesio-phobia levels revealed that patients with higher levels performed significantly worse in ASPI and SPPB tasks, and they also showed impairments in BASMI and ES measures. TSK and FABQ scores correlated with ASAS HI (r=0.45 and r=0.52) and BASFI (r=0.38 and r=0.44), but not with ASPI, SPPB and RoK. Weak correlations were found for BASMI (r=0.24 and r=0.38) and BASDAI (both r=0.35)., Conclusion: Kinesiophobia seems to be a clinically relevant problem of axSpA-patients, since the mobility of patients with moderate to high TSK and FABQ scores was much more impaired in this study. Of interest, the level of kinesiophobia showed stronger correlations with physical function, global functioning and health than with mobility and PA., (Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

Aims: To investigate whether out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors had lower levels of self-reported physical activity compared to a non-cardiac arrest control group with myocardial infarction (MI), and to explore if symptoms of anxiety, depression, kinesiophobia (fear of movement) and fatigue were associated with a low level of physical activity., Methods: Predefined case-control sub-study within the international Targeted Hypothermia versus Targeted Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM2) trial. OHCA survivors at 8 of 61 TTM2 sites in Sweden, Denmark and the United Kingdom were invited. Participants were matched 1:1 to MI controls. Both OHCA survivors and MI controls answered two questions on self-reported physical activity, categorized as a low, moderate, or high level of physical activity, and questionnaires on anxiety and depression symptoms, kinesiophobia, and fatigue 7 months after the cardiac event., Results: Overall, 106 of 184 (58%) eligible OHCA survivors were included and matched to 91 MI controls. In total, 25% of OHCA survivors and 20% of MI controls reported a low level of physical activity, with no significant difference (p=0.13). Symptoms of kinesiophobia and fatigue were significantly associated with a low level of physical activity in both groups. OHCA survivors had significantly more kinesiophobia compared to MI controls (18% versus 9%, p=0.04), while levels of anxiety and depression symptoms and fatigue were similar., Conclusion: OHCA survivors had similar levels of physical activity compared to matched MI controls. High level of kinesiophobia and fatigue were associated with a low level of physical activity in both groups., (© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.)

Background: Pain is pivotal in managing knee osteoarthritis (KOA), necessitating tailored rehabilitative strategies. The biopsychosocial framework suggests that a multifaceted approach is crucial for understanding and managing pain in KOA patients. This study explored the factors that influence pain intensity through biological and psychosocial determinants from a biopsychological perspective in KOA patients., Methods: This cross-sectional study included 150 KOA patients with Kellgren-Lawrence (K/L) grades 2-4. Patients were classified into three groups based on their Visual Analogue Scale scores: mild (n = 79), moderate (n = 40), and severe pain intensity (n = 31). The biological determinants included the body mass index, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) for knee function, the 30-second sit-to-stand (30STS) test for functional strength, and the Timed-Up and Go (TUG) test for mobility. Psychological determinants comprised the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) for emotional well-being, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) for kinesiophobia, and the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale for balance confidence. Social determinants included educational attainment and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) for health-related quality of life., Results: Significant differences in biopsychosocial determinants were identified among the various pain intensity groups. Biological factors, including WOMAC scores, TUG, and 30STS tests; psychological factors, such as depression and anxiety (DASS-21) and kinesiophobia (TSK); and social factors, including mean years of education and all SF-36 subscales, were significantly worse in the severe pain group (p < 0.05). However, balance confidence did not differ between groups (p = 0.060). Patients in the severe pain group exhibited poorer outcomes across biological, psychological, and social domains, whereas the moderate pain group displayed worse biological and social outcomes when compared to the mild pain group (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: This study emphasizes the significance of a biopsychosocial framework in managing pain in KOA patients. Worsened biological factors like knee function, mobility, and functional strength, alongside psychological issues such as depression and anxiety, influence pain intensity. Social determinants, including lower educational attainment and quality of life, highlight the need for patient-centered care. Future research should include diverse populations and longitudinal data to improve interventions and guide global health policies for integrating the biopsychosocial perspective for KOA management., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted adhering to the Declaration of Helsinki. Muş Alparslan University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee approved the study (2021–27744/32). The written informed consent form was obtained from all patients before participating in the study. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Background: This study aimed to systematically search for relevant evidence on the management of kinesiophobia in patients after cardiac surgery both home and abroad. The evidence was evaluated and integrated to provide reference for clinical practice., Methods: According to the '6S' evidence pyramid model, evidence related to managing kinesiophobia in patients after cardiac surgery were systematically searched from relevant domestic and foreign guideline websites and professional association websites and databases from the date of their establishment to December 31, 2024. The quality of the literature was evaluated by two master's students who had completed their professional training and assessment at the Evidence-based Nursing Center of Fudan University. These students also extracted and summarised the pertinent evidence that met the literature quality evaluation standards., Results: Sixteen studies were included, including two guidelines, three expert consensus, six systematic reviews, two meta-analyses, and threerandomizedcontrolled trials. A total of 20 pieces of evidence were formed in seven aspects: management principles, exercise guidance, pain management, psychological intervention, health education, social support, and follow-up management., Conclusions: The comprehensive evidence summarised in this study for managing kinesiophobia in patients after cardiac surgery can provide resources for clinical translation. These insights can inform the development of kinesiophobia management plans to support the rapid recovery of patients after major surgery., Trial Registration: This study was registered at the Center for Evidence-Based Nursing of Fudan University (registration number ES20245486)., Clinical Trial Number: This study was registered at the Center for Evidence-Based Nursing of Fudan University (registration number ES20245486).This study is a summary of the best evidence and does not involve clinical trials and, therefore, no Clinical trial number., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Background: Cardioembolic stroke is the most common cause of ischemic stroke, and patients frequently have motor dysfunction as well as psychological disorders. Both physical and psychological causes can have an impact on a patient's motor function., Objectives: In this study, we used the fear-avoidance model to examine the impact of patients' illness perception and kinesiophobia (excessive fear of exercise) on their motor function., Methods: Between June 2021 and February 2022, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 319 participants diagnosed with cardioembolic stroke in the selected hospitals. Correlation analyses and mediation effects tests were used to analyze the relationship between patients' illness perception, kinesiophobia, and motor function., Results: The total motor function score of the patients was (21.39 ± 29.30), the total kinesiophobia score was (48.51 ± 8.33), and the total illness perception score was (53.37 ± 16.82). There was a negative correlation between illness perception and motor function (r = -0.734, P < 0.001), a negative correlation between kinesiophobia and motor function (r = -0.522, P < 0.001), and a positive correlation between illness perception and kinesiophobia (r = 0.508, P < 0.001); kinesiophobia played a mediating role between illness perception and motor function (β = -0.63, P < 0.001)., Conclusions: The findings revealed that individuals with cardioembolic strokes had poor motor function, as well as negative illness perception and kinesiophobia. Negative illness perception had a direct impact on patients' motor function as well as an indirect effect via kinesiophobia. The fear-avoidance model contributes to understanding the process of reduced motor function in cardioembolic stroke patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors declare that they have no interest in any financial or personal relationship with any other person or organisation., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

To explore relationships among low back pain knowledge, fall fear, exercise self-efficacy and kinesiophobia in pregnant women with pregnancy-related low back pain (PLBP) through a chain mediating model. This study used a cross-sectional survey and utilized convenience sampling from August to December 2023 at a third-class hospital in Wuxi, China. A total of 325 PLBP pregnant women were chosen as the subjects of this study. Sociodemographics and information about low back pain knowledge, low back pain knowledge, fall fear, exercise self-efficacy, and kinesiophobia were collected. Path analysis was used to analyze the cross-sectional data. The results of this study found that low back pain knowledge can directly affect kinesiophobia (β = -0.489, p < 0.001). Fall fear and exercise self-efficacy play a significant mediating role between low back pain knowledge and kinesiophobia, with an overall mediating effect value of 0.202. After including fall fear and exercise self-efficacy, the direct effect value of low back pain knowledge on kinesiophobia was - 0.287. Low back pain knowledge in PLBP pregnant women can significantly and negatively predict their kinesiophobia. Between low back pain knowledge and kinesiophobia, there was not only an independent mediating effect of fall fear and exercise self-efficacy but also a chain mediating effect., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Introduction: This study aims to examine the relationship between self-management skills and kinesiophobia in haemophilia patients. The findings of the study may contribute to the development of strategies that can help haemophilia patients overcome their fear of movement and improve their quality of life (QoL)., Aim: This study is planned to examine the relationship between disease self-management in haemophiliac individuals and kinesiophobia that may arise from intra-articular bleeding associated with haemophilia., Methods: In this study, both descriptive and analytical research was conducted on individuals who are members of patient associations. Patient Identification Form, Chronic Disease Self-Management Scale and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia were used as data collection tools. Data were collected face to face. Descriptive statistics methods (mean, standard deviation) were used in the evaluation of study data. Quantitative data comparisons were made with the Student's t-test for normally distributed parameters and the Mann-Whitney U test for non-normally distributed parameters. When there were more than two groups, One-Way ANOVA was used, and in advanced analyses, linear regression analysis was used., Results: A positive correlation was found between the 'self-stigmatization' subdimension of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Scale and kinesiophobia. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between healing compliance and kinesiophobia levels. Flexibility in healing cracks was found in the reduction of kinesiophobia., Conclusion: Self-management of the disease in hemophilic individuals affects compliance with treatment, kinesiophobia, activity level and QoL., (© 2025 CSL Behring and The Author(s). Haemophilia published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Physical activity (PA) offers advantages in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, in older adults, frailty and kinesiophobia may exert negative influences on PA engagement., Objective: To investigate PA, frailty, and kinesiophobia among older adult patients with CHD in China., Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled older adult patients with CHD in the cardiac outpatient care unit of the *** University. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Frailty Phenotype Scale, and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia were used to evaluate PA, frailty, and kinesiophobia, respectively., Results: A total of 239 participants (mean age: 72.0 ± 7.5 years, 148 males) were enrolled. The rates of frailty and pre-frailty were 20.5 % and 46.4 %, respectively. The mean kinesiophobia score was 43.13±5.48. The median metabolic equivalent of task of PA was 2784 MET-min/week, and 25.1 % of the patients did not reach the minimum recommended by AHA (150 mins/week). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that PA was negatively correlated with frailty (r = -0.559, P < 0.001) and kinesiophobia (r = -0.463, P < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that frailty [OR = 0.412, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.304-0.559, P < 0.001] and kinesiophobia (OR=0.936, 95 % CI: 0.879-0.997, P = 0.040) were independently associated with PA after adjustment for age, cardiovascular adverse events, comorbidities, Barthel index, and history of dizziness., Conclusions: Older adult patients with CHD had low levels of PA. Frailty and kinesiophobia were independently associated with PA in older adult patients with CHD. Reversing frailty and reducing kinesiophobia in older adult patients with CHD may increase PA levels., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Multimodal rehabilitation has shown good results in adults with temporomandibular disorder (TMD), but there is still doubt regarding the protocol's ideal format (face-to-face or online), and its effectiveness among adolescents. The purpose of this study is to describe a randomized clinical trial protocol of face-to-face and online multimodal rehabilitation, in adolescents with TMD, and to determine its effects on pain, peripheral oxygenation of the masseter muscle, and mandibular range of motion, kinesiophobia and parafunction., Methods: A randomized, controlled clinical trial, blinded to statistical analyses, will be carried out, involving 26 adolescents, diagnosed with TMD. After randomization, the participants will be allocated into two groups: (1) telerehabilitation and (2) face-to-face treatment groups. Each group will undergo an initial assessment, followed by three treatment sessions, reassessment, and follow-up. Appointments and reassessments will be face-to-face, with instruments validated and adapted for adolescent age groups. The intervention protocol also aims at practicality, ease of execution, and strategies for the patient to easily self-manage and perform independently, adapted for face-to-face or online formats. The Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, physical and psychosocial aspects, algometry, near-infrared spectroscopy, and the Tampa scale for kinesiophobia will be used to assess the outcomes., Discussion: It is expected that this study will contribute to online and face-to-face assessments and demonstrate the differences in the practice of rehabilitation of adolescents with TMD. Data will be published after the study is completed, and if the benefits are proven, care modalities may be implemented., Trial Registration: REBEC-RBR-5scd5tm, UTN code: U1111-1288-4495 . Registered on 19 May 2023., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate {24}: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee Involving Human Beings of Santa Catarina State University (CAAE: 60845922.4.0000.0118, protocol number 5.707.485). Consent for publication {32}: The Clinical Publication Committee shall deal with all aspects regarding Publications from this protocol. Partners interested in producing publications shall submit a 1–2-page proposal to the CPC for approval. Competing interests {28}: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Objective: This study aims to investigate the factors contributing to kinesiophobia in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)., Methods: Purposive sampling was employed to conduct semi-structured interviews with 14 patients and 4 healthcare professionals who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, from May 2023 to June 2023. Data were coded, categorized, and thematically analyzed using the Colaizzi seven-step analysis method., Results: The factors contributing to kinesiophobia in patients post-PCI were classified into four primary themes: heightened psychological stress, increased uncertainty regarding exercise, reduced self-efficacy, and inadequate support systems., Conclusion: Kinesiophobia in patients post-PCI hinders adherence to cardiac rehabilitation protocols. Early identification and analysis of the factors contributing to kinesiophobia can guide the development and implementation of effective intervention strategies., Clinical Registration Number: Not applicable., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. This study was conducted with approval from the Ethics Committee of The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Approval number: 2023-003-01). A written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Consent for publication: Consent for publication was obtained from every individual whose data are included in this manuscript. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Background: Since objective stifness measures are not consistent with the patients' perception and its correlation with the clinical severity of neck pain is not clear, novel studies assessing the clinical relevance of muscle stiffness are needed., Objectives: To analyze the correlation among psychological factors, clinical severity indicators, and muscle stiffness in neck muscles in patients with chronic mechanical neck pain, and compare these factors with asymptomatic controls., Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted. Participants included cases with chronic neck pain and asymptomatic controls, assessed for muscle stiffness using shear wave elastography, psychological health (anxiety and kinesiophobia), and clinical severity. Data analysis involved correlation matrices and comparison between groups., Results: Although no significant differences in levator scapulae stiffness were observed between groups (p > 0.05), patients exhibited significantly increased stiffness in the anterior scalene and cervical multifidus muscles (p = 0.009 and p = 0.040, respectively). STAI scores were significantly higher in patients for both subscales (STAI-S p = 0.002 and STAI-T p < 0.001), but no kinesiophobic behaviors differences were found (p > 0.05). Significant correlations between pain chronicity, intensity, disability, and psychological factors were confirmed. Notably, the levator scapulae stiffness was positively associated with disability, anxiety, and kinesiophobia (all p < 0.01). However, the anterior scalene and cervical multifidus stiffness, even if significantly associated with demographic factors (p < 0.05), were not associated with clinical or psychological outcomes., Conclusion: The findings underscore the intertwined nature of psychological factors and muscle stiffness in chronic neck pain, suggesting the need for integrated approaches in treatment that consider both physical and psychological dimensions., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical approval: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained by the Clinical Ethics Committee of Hospital Universitario 12 De Octubre (ID: CEIm 24/121).l Statistics and biometry: One of the authors has significant statistical expertise. Informed consent: Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects (patients). Conflict of interest: The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic rheumatic disease that predominantly affects the axial skeleton, causing pain and functional impairment. Kinesiophobia, or fear of movement, is common in patients with chronic pain conditions and can significantly hinder treatment outcomes. This study aims to assess the level of kinesiophobia in AS patients and explore its relationship with demographic characteristics, disease duration, pain intensity, disease activity, and functional impairment., Methods: This single-center study included 35 AS patients from July 2021 to July 2023. Patient demographics, disease duration, disease activity (BASDAI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index)), functionality (BASFI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index)), pain intensity (VAS (Visual Analog Scale)), and kinesiophobia (TSK (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia)) were recorded and analyzed. Patients were categorized into low and high kinesiophobia groups based on TSK scores., Results: Of the 35 AS patients, 15 (42.86%) had high kinesiophobia levels (TSK ≥37). Patients with high kinesiophobia had significantly higher BASDAI, BASFI, and VAS scores ( p < 0.001) compared to those with low kinesiophobia. No significant relationship was found between kinesiophobia and age, gender, or disease duration ( p > 0.05)., Conclusion: High levels of kinesiophobia in AS patients are associated with increased pain, disease activity, and functional impairment. Early interventions targeting kinesiophobia could improve treatment outcomes and patient functionality., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2025 Ertem.)

Primary malignant bone tumors are significant health concerns in children. These tumors, often accompanied by pain, fatigue, and reduced physical function, can lead to the development of kinesiophobia, a fear of movement that can further complicate rehabilitation. Although factors associated with kinesiophobia have been examined in various adult cancer populations, there is limited research on kinesiophobia and its predictors in children with bone tumors. This study aims to investigate the factors contributing to kinesiophobia in pediatric bone tumor patients. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in children with primary malignant bone tumors aged 8-17 years who actively on treatment. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) was used to assess fear of movement. Other assessments included the numerical rating scale (NRS) for pain, the PedsQL™ Multidimensional Fatigue Scale for fatigue, the Children Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) for depression, manual muscle testing, and the TUG Test for functionality. Logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of kinesiophobia, while chi-square tests examined the relationship between muscle strength and kinesiophobia levels. One hundred children with bone tumors an average age of 11.83 years participated in the study. The logistic regression model indicated that surgery status, pain levels, and fatigue were significant predictors of kinesiophobia, with an R 2 value of 0.870, explaining 87% of the variance in kinesiophobia levels. Children who had surgery and were in more pain and had higher levels of depression were more likely to exhibit kinesiophobia., Conclusion: This study highlights the multifactorial nature of kinesiophobia in children with malignant bone tumors, emphasizing the roles of surgical status, pain, and psychological factors. Integrating biopsychosocial assessments and approaches into routine care may be important to reduce kinesiophobia, improve rehabilitation outcomes, and increase overall well-being., What Is Known: • Kinesiophobia has been studied in adult cancer populations and has been associated with decreased physical activity and poorer rehabilitation outcomes., What Is New: • This study demonstrates that surgery status, pain levels, and fatigue are significant predictors of kinesiophobia in children with malignant bone tumors and highlights that, in addition to various cancer-related symptoms, kinesiophobia can also be present in this population., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical approval: The study was approved by the local institutional ethical board (University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee) with registration number (E54022451-050.04.-144673). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants based on the principles stated in the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent: All respondents and signed informed consent forms for participation. Consent for children was given by their parents. Child assent forms were also obtained. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Background: Assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of motor control impairments are among the most widely implemented management strategies for chronic low back pain (CLBP). Low back movement control tests described by Luomajoki et al. are reliable and valid for assessing the presence and severity of motor control impairment. However, very little is known about the importance of demographic and well-established CLBP contributing factors in explaining the presence and severity of any type of motor control impairment., Objective: The study objectives were to evaluate the associations of the presence and the severity of movement control impairment with age, gender, BMI, CLBP and its intensity and duration, postural stability, self-reported central sensitization, kinesiophobia, and CLBP-related disability with logistic and ordinal regressions and Wald chi-squared tests., Methods: This cross-sectional study included 161 subjects with CLBP and 42 pain-free controls. The study was carried out in single private chiropractic clinic., Results: Higher age and BMI were distinctly greater associated with a higher presence and severity of movement control impairment compared to the pain-related factors, namely the CLBP or its intensity or duration, central sensitization, kinesiophobia, and CLBP-related disability., Conclusions: Results highlight the importance of considering demographic factors, such as age and BMI, when interpreting motor control impairment findings. Accordingly, the findings challenge the validity of testing motor control impairment in the management of CLBP., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Purpose: Kinesiophobia is prevalent among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), leading to a notable decrease in exercise tolerance and quality of life (QoL). AF-related kinesiophobia encompasses a complex cascade reaction, influenced by psycho-physiological and behavioral factors. To investigate the complex interconnections associated with kinesiophobia among AF patients and identify potential intervention points for its management., Methods: From June 2021 to November 2022, we collected data through paper surveys, using convenience sampling to invite patients with AF. 541 AF patients were included in this study. Data were collected using Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia Heart (TSK-SV Heart), the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality-of-Life (AFEQT), the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), respectively. Network analysis and directed acyclic graphs (DAG) were used to visualize the intricate relationships of the factors., Results: The network structure identifies "Avoidance of Exercise" as a central node, which, alongside "Illness Perception" and "Resignation," acting as bridges that link and activate other factors of AF-related kinesiophobia. The DAG suggests that AF symptoms, located upstream, may act as a trigger, initiating a cascade effect impacting illness perception and coping styles., Conclusions: "AF symptoms," along with psychological factors such as "illness perception," and "coping styles," may serve as potential action points to reduce AF-related kinesiophobia and ultimately improve the overall QoL for AF patients., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Ethical approval: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Review Committee of the Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No.: 2021-7th-HIRB-012). Consent to participate: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Objectives: Among patients undergoing elective spine surgery, psychological processes such as kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing are associated with postoperative disability and poor quality of life. These represent risk factors which could be modified to improve surgical outcomes. We reviewed perioperative interventions to modify psychological processes and their effects on psychological and surgery-related outcomes., Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for studies examining any interventions for modifying psychological processes in adult patients undergoing spine surgery. Two reviewers screened studies for eligibility, extracted data in duplicate, and performed risk of bias assessments. Outcomes included pain, disability, quality of life, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and pain catastrophizing., Results: 368 titles and abstracts were retrieved, of which 27 studies underwent full-text screening. We included 12 studies which reported on 1263 patients. Eight were randomized controlled trials. Interventions included preoperative and postoperative cognitive behavioural therapy, cognitive-behavioural-based physical therapy, a web-based interactive platform, an information booklet, and music therapy. The psychological and surgery-related outcomes of interventions were variable, with some studies reporting significant benefits and others reporting no differences between groups. The greatest potential benefits were found in studies of post-operative cognitive-behavioural-based physical therapy. Risk of bias among studies was high due primarily to lack of blinding and limited standardization of interventions., Conclusions: Several interventions to potentially modify psychological processes in patients undergoing spine surgery have been reported. Post-operative cognitive-behavioural-based physical therapy might be associated with improved outcomes, but confidence is limited by inconsistency, risk of bias, and limited long-term follow-up., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Purpose: Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a prevalent and debilitating injury typically arising from aberrant biomechanics during landing or deceleration tasks. Pain-related fear, a component of kinesiophobia, has been associated with poor functional outcomes and altered movement patterns in individuals with ACL reconstruction (ACLr), however, the influence of pain-related fear on landing mechanics remains unclear. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of pain-related fear on landing movement patterns in a population of ACLr and healthy females., Methods: Thirty-two females (15 recreationally active with a history of ACLr and 17 recreationally active with no history of ACLr) took part. Participants performed five trials of a drop jump (DJ) task (Baseline), underwent a pain stimulus (PS) familiarization task utilizing an electrical stimulus to induce pain-related fear, and performed a subsequent round of DJs while under threat of PS (PS-threat). Lower extremity and trunk kinematics, ground reaction force (GRF) data and muscle activation were analyzed., Results: At baseline, ACLr participants scored higher (21 ± 5.5) on the TSK-11 compared to healthy participants (17 ± 3.4) (p = 0.007). For both groups, the PS intervention significantly increased pain-related fear (ACLr p < 0.001; Healthy p < 0.001). When comparing baseline to PS-threat trials, ACLr participants experienced a significant increase in peak GRF (p = 0.005), decreases in hip (p = 0.003) and knee (p = 0.005) flexion, decreased contact time (p = 0.006) and decreased muscle preactivation for all muscles tested (p < 0.05). Healthy participants experienced significant increases in peak GRF (p = 0.014) and decreased hip (p = 0.005) and trunk peak (p = 0.004) flexion., Conclusions: Pain-related fear alters landing biomechanics in healthy and ACLr females. This may implicate pain-related fear as a contributor to movement alterations commonly associated with ACL injury risk., Level of Evidence: Level III., (© 2025 The Author(s). Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy.)

Objective: Fear of movement in patients with traumatic hand-arm injuries can negatively affect functional outcomes. Therefore, it is important to evaluate fear of movement in this patient population. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia in patients with traumatic hand-forearm injuries., Design: Cross-sectional., Setting: Hand rehabilitation unit in a university hospital., Participants: The study included 170 patients with traumatic hand-arm injuries and a mean age of 37.57 (11.85) years., Main Measures: Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia , Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory and pain severity rating (via Visual Analog Scale) were completed by interview in the first session. In addition, Modified Hand Injury Scoring System was used to determine severity of the injury. Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia was re-administered 15 days after the first session. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia were evaluated. In addition, exploratory factor analysis was completed using baseline data., Results: Cronbach's alpha for the scale was 0.604, and test-retest reliability was acceptable (ICC = 0.646). Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia had a significant relationship with Beck Anxiety Inventory ( r  = 0.269, p  < 0.001), Pain Catastrophizing Scale ( r  = 0.457, p  < 0.001) and pain severity at rest ( r  = 0.168, p  = 0.029). Factor analysis estimated the scale represented five subsections in this population., Conclusions: Psychometric properties of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia were acceptable in patients with hand-forearm injuries. However, since our results were weaker than those in the literature, this should be considered when interpreting the results., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Aim(s): To explore the mediating role of coping styles in the association between illness perception and kinesiophobia in atrial fibrillation patients., Design: A cross-sectional survey., Methods: Between June 2021 and November 2022, data were collected using a self-designed demographic questionnaire, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia Heart (TSK-SV Heart) and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ). The sample comprised 474 atrial fibrillation patients recruited from three hospitals in China. To analyse the data, multiple linear regression models with forced entry were employed, and the mediation Mode 4 of the PROCESS macro in SPSS was implemented., Results: In total, 57.8% of patients exhibited a high level of kinesiophobia. Regression analyses uncovered associations between kinesiophobia and various demographic and disease characteristics, as well as assessments of both illness perception and coping styles. Path analysis results indicated that illness perception reduced kinesiophobia through the mediating effect of confrontation, while avoidance and resignation intensified kinesiophobia. The mediating factor of coping styles explained a significant 53% of the overall effect., Conclusions: Coping styles mediate the relationship between illness perception and kinesiophobia, resulting in a shift in coping styles as illness perception decreases and ultimately leading to reduced kinesiophobia., Impact: Coping styles play a mediating role in the relationship between kinesiophobia and illness perception. The results suggest healthcare providers in identifying high-risk individuals and tailoring interventions to effectively break the vicious cycle of kinesiophobia. Therefore, screening and intervening with patients showcasing heightened illness perception aims to promote a transformation in coping styles, subsequently reducing atrial fibrillation kinesiophobia., Reporting Method: The results of the observations were reported in adherence to the STROBE criteria., Patient or Public Contribution: No patient and public involvement., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) experience pain both as a symptom and comorbid condition. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the Muscle Energy Technique (MET) on pain, kinesiophobia, and quality of life in patients with chronic pain and COPD. 52 patients with moderate COPD and pain complaints were included in this randomized controlled trial and longitudinal study and were divided into two groups. The intervention group received MET 3 times a week for 4 weeks, while the control group was given a home exercise program. Both groups participated in a home-based exercise program. Pain, fear of movement, and health-related quality of life were assessed at baseline, the end of the 4-week intervention, and at the 6-week follow-up. Significant improvements were observed in both groups; however, the intervention group showed more pronounced reductions in pain and kinesiophobia as well as improvements in quality of life (p < 0.05), and the effectiveness decreased over time. This study highlights the potential benefits of MET for pain, kinesiophobia, and quality of life in patients with chronic pain and COPD. Therefore, MET interventions should be considered in the treatment of chronic pain in patients with COPD.Trial registration: NCT04874571., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Consent to participate: Both written and verbal consent was obtained from the participants before the study., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationships between kinesiophobia and injury severity, balance ability, knee pain intensity, self-efficacy, and functional status in patients with meniscus injuries and to identify key predictors of kinesiophobia., Design: A single-center, prospective cross-sectional study., Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 123 patients diagnosed with meniscus injuries at Fujian Provincial Hospital was conducted. The knee range of motion test was used to determine limitations in knee joint mobility, whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess the severity of meniscus damage. Several validated scales were administered: the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-17) to measure kinesiophobia, the visual analog scale (VAS) to assess pain intensity, the general self-efficacy scale (GSES) to evaluate self-efficacy, and the Lysholm knee score (LKS) to assess knee functional status. Additionally, balance ability was assessed using the Huber 360 Neuromuscular Control Training and Assessment System (DJO, USA). Spearman's correlation analysis was applied to explore factors associated with kinesiophobia, whereas simple linear regression analysis was used to identify its predictors., Results: Among the 123 participants included in the study, 60.16% were identified as experiencing kinesiophobia. Among these participants, 69.10% had grade III meniscus injuries, and 33.3% exhibited limited joint movement. The key clinical characteristics were as follows: the median VAS score was 4 (IQR 2-6), the GSES score was 22 (IQR 20-29), and the LKS score was 45 (IQR 38-55). Kinesiophobia was significantly correlated with injury severity, limited joint movement, pain intensity, self-efficacy, and other functional parameters (P < 0.05). However, no significant correlation was detected between kinesiophobia and limits of stability. Simple linear regression analysis (R²=0.917) revealed several significant predictors of kinesiophobia, including injury severity (β = 2.08), pain intensity (β = 0.882), Romberg quotient (RQ) (β = 3.239), and limited joint movement (β = 0.868). In contrast, self-efficacy (β =-0.455) was negatively associated with kinesiophobia. Furthermore, Grade III injuries and RQ were found to be associated with markedly higher levels of kinesiophobia., Conclusion: Kinesiophobia is strongly associated with knee injury severity, limited joint movement, RQ, pain intensity, and self-efficacy, which are key predictors. Clinical interventions should focus on these factors to enhance rehabilitation outcomes., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines set forth by the journal and received prior approval from the Fujian Provincial Hospital Ethics Committee (K2023-03-041). The manuscript has been reviewed and approved by all coauthors and complies with the journal’s co-authorship guidelines. The study adhered to the principles of the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki and its Code of Ethics, and informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the research. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of kinesiophobia following Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) on the rehabilitation outcomes of patients during hospitalization, includes examining the trends in resting pain levels at various time points post-surgery, the trends in active flexion of the knee at various time points post-surgery, and the effects of kinesiophobia on the timing of first postoperative ambulation, the duration of postoperative hospital stay, and the results of the two-minute walk test on the day of discharge. Postoperative kinesiophobia in patients was identified using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), with 33 patients scoring >37 points and 35 patients scoring ≤37 points. Resting Pain levels were assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at various time points, including upon return to the ward (T1), the first (T2), second (T3), third (T4), fifth(T5) postoperative days, and the day of discharge (T6). Furthermore, active flexion of the knee joint was measured at different time points for both groups, including the first (T1*), third (T2*), and fifth (T3*) postoperative days, and the day of discharge (T4*). The first time out of bed activities of the two groups of patients were compared, along with the results of the 2-Minute Walk Test (2-MWT) on the day of discharge. The pain scores of patients in the kinesiophobia group at different time points after surgery were worse than those in the non-kinesiophobia group (P<0.05). There were significant time effects (F = 131.297;P<0.01), inter-group effects (F = 15.016; P<0.01), and interaction effects (F = 5.116; P<0.05). The active knee flexion of patients in the kinesiophobia group at different time points after surgery were worse than those in the non-kinesiophobia group (P<0.05).There were significant time effects (F = 628.258;P<0.01), inter-group effects (F = 16.546; P<0.01), and interaction effects (F = 66.025; P<0.01). Patients in the kinesiophobia group delayed getting out of bed for the first time (35.39±9.82vs28.77±9.81hours; P<0.01), had shorter activity time (4.12±1.36vs5.80±1.96minutes; P<0.01) and distance (19.12±3.36vs30.17±5.64meters;P<0.01), and experienced higher pain scores during activity (6.30±1.10vs5.48±0.95scoresP<0.05). Additionally, patients in the kinesiophobia group walked shorter distances in the 2-MWT test on the day of discharge compared to the non-kinesiophobia group (37.60±5.76vs50.68±5.37meters;P<0.05), and had longer hospitalization time (8.11±1.31vs50.68±5.37days; P<0.05). In short, compared to patients without kinesiophobia, the presence of kinesiophobia after TKA surgery significantly impacts the efficacy of early rehabilitation exercises during hospitalization. This impact is observed in pain perception, knee joint mobility, the 2-minute walk test, etc. Early identification of patients with kinesiophobia after TKA and timely intervention are necessary and beneficial., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2025 Yao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Introduction and Hypothesis: Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome causes psychological distress, worsened by kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing. This study assesses whether combining capacitive-resistive monopolar radiofrequency with myofascial techniques is more effective than myofascial techniques alone for improving psychological outcomes such as kinesiophobia and catastrophizing., Methods: This double-blind, randomized controlled trial enrolled 81 chronic pelvic pain syndrome patients (67.9% female, mean age 43.6 years) from March 2019 to April 2021. Participants were assigned to either an activated (intervention) or deactivated (control) capacitive-resistive monopolar radiofrequency group, with both groups receiving physiotherapy and pain education over 10 weeks. Outcomes on kinesiophobia and catastrophizing were assessed at weeks 5 and 10, using the Spanish versions of the Tampa Scale (TSK-11) and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)., Results: At treatment's end, the intervention group showed greater improvement in kinesiophobia (3 points) compared to controls, though nonsignificant (p = .099). The intervention also significantly reduced catastrophizing scores by 8 points versus control (p = .042). No major adverse effects occurred, and adherence was high (86.4%), with no differences between groups., Conclusion: This study shows that combining capacitive-resistive monopolar radiofrequency with myofascial techniques can improve kinesiophobia and catastrophizing in chronic pelvic pain syndrome patients, such as fear movement and catastrophic thinking related to pain. This marks a potential breakthrough in chronic pain management. Future research should focus on larger, multicenter RCTs with extended follow-up periods to better assess long-term effects., Registration: Clinical trial registration (NCT03797911)., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics Approval: This study followed the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, which governs medical research involving human subjects. Approval was obtained from the Vall d’Hebron Ethics Committee. Inform Consent: All participants provided written informed consent before data collection. Conflict of Interest: None., (© 2025. The International Urogynecological Association.)

Objective: To investigate the potential classification of kinesiophobia in patients after cardiac surgery under extracorporeal circulation from a psychosocial perspective, and analyse the characteristic differences among different latent levels of patients., Study Design: This is a cross-sectional study of Chinese adults after cardiac surgery under extracorporeal circulation, aged 18 years and older, recruited from a tertiary hospital in North China., Methods: This study uses latent profile analysis to identify potential classifications of kinesiophobia in questionnaires from 348 patients undergoing cardiac surgery under extracorporeal circulation. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors at different latent classifications., Results: The average performance of each indicator in Model 3 is best suited for analysis, Entropy=0.873 and bootstrap likelihood ratio test (p)＜0.0001. The result of regression equation shows postoperative time (p<0.001), age, self-efficacy, pain and social support level (p<0.05) were the factors influencing the potential profile classification of patients after cardiac surgery under extracorporeal circulation., Conclusion: The study identified three distinct classifications of patients: the low kinesiophobia group, the moderate kinesiophobia-high-risk perceived symptoms group and the high kinesiophobia-high exercise avoidance group (HK-HEAG). Addressing kinesiophobia, especially in older male patients during the early postoperative period, is crucial. Enhancing self-efficacy seems effective in reducing kinesiophobia, while increasing social support may not be as beneficial for the HK-HEAG. These findings provide a basis for implementing preventive interventions in cardiac rehabilitation., Trial Registration Number: The research is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200057895)., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ Group.)

Background: Aquatic training is known for its effective and gentle rehabilitation benefits, but its impact on athletes with chronic ankle instability (CAI) remains underexplored. This study compares the effects of water-based and land-based balance training on functional performance, dynamic balance, fear of reinjury, and quality of life in athletes with CAI., Methods: Forty-one athletes with chronic ankle instability (CAI) were randomly assigned to water-based (WBBE, n = 21) or land-based (LBBE, n = 20) balance exercise groups, completing 24 sessions of 30-45 min over 8 weeks. Assessments before and after the interventions included functional ankle instability (CAIT), kinesiophobia (TSK-17), quality of life (SF-36), dynamic postural control (Y Balance Test), and functional performance (Figure-8 hop and single-limb side-hop tests). Perceived treatment effects were measured using the Global Rating of Change (GROC) post-intervention. Data were analyzed using mixed-design ANOVA (P ≤ 0.05)., Results: The statistical analysis of the study revealed no significant time × group interaction effects for CAIT scores, kinesiophobia scores, the Psychological Quality of Life (QoL) Component, or SEBT scores (p > 0.05). The LBBE group showed significant improvements in functional tasks, specifically in F8H and SLSH scores, compared to the WBBE group (p < 0.05), while the WBBE group had better outcomes in overall Quality of Life and the Physical QoL Component than the LBBE group (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Both land-based and water-based balance exercises benefit athletes with CAI, with land-based exercises improving functional performance and water-based exercises enhancing physical and overall Quality of Life. A flexible rehabilitation program combining both approaches can optimize recovery, addressing specific needs, even though no significant differences were found in ankle stability, kinesiophobia, psychological Quality of Life, and dynamic balance between the two methods., Trial Registration: This study was prospectively registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry under Clinical Trials UMIN000051746 on July 29, 2023., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study adhered to ethical guidelines, with all participants providing informed consent after being fully informed of the study’s purpose and procedures. Confidentiality was maintained, and participants could withdraw at any time. They were also offered access to the study’s results if requested. The Ethics Committee of Shahrood University of Technology (IR.SHAHROODUT.REC.1403.023) approved, and the study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN000051746) on July 29, 2023. The researchers followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Kinesiophobia has a major health impact on patients with Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in their functional and physical activities, which leads to poor outcomes, loss of motivation, loss of mobility, and decreased quality of life. Despite the burden of kinesiophobia among MSDs, there is limited evidence about the burden of kinesiophobia in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and its associated factors of kinesiophobia among MSD patients attending physiotherapy outpatient clinics., Method: An institutional multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2023 with a sample size of 424. A systematic random sampling technique and face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire and chart review were used. The collected data was entered into Epi-data version 4.6.0.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the potential candidates for multivariable logistic regression with a p-value less than 0.25. Finally, multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed and variables at p < 0.05 with 95% CI were considered statistically significant contributors to kinesiophobia., Result: The overall prevalence of kinesiophobia among MSD patients was 48.3% (95% CI, 43.3-53.3). Being overweight and obese BMI value (AOR = 3.98; 95% CI, 2.17-7.29), having moderate pain level (AOR = 3.31; 95% CI, 1.51-7.26), having severe pain level (AOR = 9.29; 95% CI, 3.79-22.77), physical inactivity (AOR = 3.00; 95% CI = 1.84-4.89), anxiety (AOR = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.57-4.19), and depression (AOR = 8.21; 95% CI = 3.47-19.46) were significantly associated with kinesiophobia among musculoskeletal disorder patients., Conclusion: kinesiophobia is a public health burden among patients with MSDs. Nearly half of the people with MSDs had reported kinesiophobia. Being overweight and obese BMI value, pain severity level, physical inactivity, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were significantly associated with kinesiophobia. Thus, we suggest screening for kinesiophobia, be physically active, avoiding being overweight and obese, and managing depression, anxiety and pain will help to reduce the occurrence of kinesiophobia., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical approval: This study was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional ethical review board of the School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar (Ref. SOM/4034/2023). Informed consent was obtained from the study participants after the purpose and objective of the study were explained. Participants were informed that their participation was voluntary and that the information obtained from them would be kept confidential, with no individual identifiers linked to their personal information. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes joint inflammation and affects quality of life. Appropriate physical activity can enhance joint function and lower cardiovascular disease risk. However, individuals with RA often have reduced physical activity levels, likely due to kinesiophobia, or fear of movement., Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of kinesiophobia among RA patients and its influence on functional impairment, physical activity, and pain-related anxiety., Methods: Using a convenience sampling method, we surveyed 350 RA patients attending outpatient clinics in the rheumatology and immunology departments of three tertiary hospitals in Henan Province, China, from August 18 to September 1, 2023. Participants completed the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Signals of Functional Impairment Scale (SOFI), the International Physical Activity Scale-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-20 (PASS-20). The Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) was retrieved for each participant to assess disease activity in RA patients. Descriptive analysis, Chi-square tests, Spearman correlation, and multiple linear regression assessed factors influencing kinesiophobia, with significance set at p  < 0.05., Results: Results indicated that 70.86% of participants experienced kinesiophobia, which was positively correlated with functional impairment and pain-related anxiety, while inversely related to physical activity levels ( p  < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that kinesiophobia was explained by 65.5% of the variance, with gender, education level, functional impairment, pain-related anxiety, and pain severity identified as significant predictors ( p  < 0.05)., Conclusion: The findings suggest that RA patients exhibit a high prevalence of kinesiophobia, predominantly influenced by factors such as gender, lower educational attainment, increased pain levels, greater functional impairment, and pain-related anxiety. Notably, physical activity levels did not serve as a predictor of kinesiophobia in this cohort., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2025 Xueying, Yanli, Wei, Lingling and Lili.)

Background: Kinesiophobia is a significant factor affecting the prognosis of patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA). At present, the primary intervention for kinesiophobia is a 1-way intervention process of healthcare professionals on patients. The video teach-back method uses bidirectional information feedback to ensure high-quality health education. However, little is known about the effect of the video teach-back method on kinesiophobia in patients after unilateral THA., Purpose: To explore the effect of the video teach-back method on the degree of kinesiophobia, hip function, the first ambulation time, hospitalization days, and hospitalization costs in patients after THA., Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Department of Joint Surgery of a grade III hospital in Changchun City, Jilin Province, targeting patients with kinesiophobia following unilateral THA. A nonconcurrent control design was employed, with participants divided into an intervention group (n = 46) and a control group (n = 45). The control group received conventional care, while the intervention group received video teach-back intervention in addition to traditional care. Within 24 hours post-surgery, patients with a kinesiophobia score of more than 37 completed a general information questionnaire. Primary outcomes, including kinesiophobia and hip function, were assessed on discharge day, 1 and 3 months after surgery, and counted on the day of discharge. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the differences in observation indexes at different time points. Secondary outcomes included the first postoperative ambulation time, hospitalization days, and hospitalization costs., Results: In comparison between the intervention group and the control group, the kinesiophobia scores and hip function scores of the patients on the discharge date, the first and third months after surgery, had a time effect (P < .001), a group effect (P < .001). The intervention group's reduction in kinesiophobia had a significant effect size (Cohen's d = 0.82) and hip function improvement also demonstrated a significant effect size (Cohen's d = 0.77). The first postoperative ambulation time in the intervention group was significantly earlier than that in the control group (P < .05, Cohen's d = 0.55), with both hospitalization days and costs lower than in the control group; the differences were statistically significant (P < .05)., Conclusion: The intervention group showed improvements in kinesiophobia, hip function, first postoperative ambulation time, hospitalization days, and hospitalization costs. These findings suggest that the video teach-back method, as an effective intervention, can be widely applied in clinical practice., Trial Registration Number: The trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2400079966)., (© Society of Behavioral Medicine 2025. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: Dyspnea-related kinesiophobia refers to restrictions or avoidance of activities due to fear of dyspnea and is prevalent among older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Hence, there is a need to identify subgroups of dyspnea-related kinesiophobia among older adults with COPD to support the development of strategies to increase activity levels., Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate dyspnea-related kinesiophobia among older adults with COPD, explore heterogeneity in kinesiophobia within subgroups of this population, and analyze the characteristics of different subgroups of kinesiophobia., Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2023 in Fenyang City, Shanxi Province, China, via face-to-face questionnaire surveys of hospitalized adults with COPD aged over 60 years in four secondary or tertiary hospitals. The Breathlessness Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ) was used to measure dyspnea-related kinesiophobia. Latent profile analysis was employed to classify the subgroups. CChi-square tests and binary logistic regression were used to examine the effects of sociodemographic factors, marital status, education, income, daily activities, general health, and COPD severity across different profiles., Results: A total of 384 older adults with COPD (Male N = 228, aged 60-88) were included in the study. Their average BBQ score was (39.15±5.59). Latent profile analysis identified two groups: 230 participants (59.9 %) in the low-level kinesiophobia group (C1) and 154 participants (40.1 %) in the high-level kinesiophobia group (C2). Multivariable stepwise binary logistic regression analysis revealed that older adults with COPD who engaged in exercise less than three days weekly reported an average monthly household income of <3000 CNY, unmarried status (including unmarried, divorced, or widowed), a Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) >1, more than three exacerbations within one year or with moderate (GOLD 2 Criteria)-severe (GOLD3) COPD were more likely to be the high-level kinesiophobia group (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Dyspnea-related kinesiophobia manifests in two groups among older adults. Targeted interventions for different subgroups should be further developed to promote health and reduce nursing burdens., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have disclosed that there are no competing financial interests or personal relationships that might have influenced the work presented in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

This study investigated the effects of Tai Chi training on functionality, dynamic balance, kinesiophobia, and quality of life in athletes with Functional Ankle Instability (FAI). Forty-three athletes with FAI were randomly assigned to either a Tai Chi group ( n  = 21) or a control group ( n  = 22). The Tai Chi group followed a tailored exercise protocol addressing ankle instability through a three-phase progression, while the control group had no intervention but continued their usual activities. Measurements, including Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT), Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), Short Form-12 (SF-12), figure-8 hop test, and perceived treatment effect were assessed before and after the intervention. The Tai Chi group showed significant improvements in CAIT score and SEBT reach distance compared to the control group ( p  < 0.001). Tai Chi exercises also reduced TSK, improved figure-8 hop score, and enhanced the physical component of SF-12 ( p  < 0.005), with no significant effect on the mental component of SF-12 ( p  = 0.7). The findings imply that Tai Chi may be a valuable consideration for athletic trainers and sports medicine professionals working with athletes with FAI.

Purpose of Review: Provide a concise review of currently utilized functional metrics and patient reported outcomes measures (PROMs) determining appropriate return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR)., Recent Findings: When determining return to sport following ACLR, a limb symmetry index (LSI) ≥ 90% when compared to the contralateral extremity is the most commonly reported functional metric. LSI is most commonly assessed using isokinetic quadriceps strength, followed by single-leg vertical hop and cross-over hop test. A minimum ACL-Return to Sport Index (ACL-RSI) score of 68.2 was reported, as well as a mean International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score of 88.3%. A minimum Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Quality of Life (KOOS-QoL) of 62.5% was reported in a single investigation. There remains limited data on reported metrics guiding return to sport following ACLR. Evaluation of LSI when compared to the contralateral extremity is the most commonly reported functional measure, with ACL-RSI, IKDC and KOOS-QoL also being reported. Further investigations examining return to sport rate and the incidence of recurrent injury, factoring in differences in sex, competition level, and the presence or absence of concomitant meniscal injuries, based on functional metrics and PROMs is warranted to better understand which outcome measures are predictive of successful return to sport following ACLR., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent: This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Greater unhelpful thinking is associated with greater musculoskeletal discomfort and incapability. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) fosters healthy thinking to help alleviate symptoms., Questions: In a meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCT) of CBT for unhelpful thinking among people with musculoskeletal symptoms, we asked: 1) Does CBT reduce unhelpful thinking and feelings of distress, and improve capability, in individuals with musculoskeletal symptoms? 2) Are outcomes affected by CBT delivery methods?, Methods: Following QUOROM guidelines, we searched databases using keywords of pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, cognitive-behavioral therapy, musculoskeletal and variations. Inclusion criteria were RCT's testing CBT among people with musculoskeletal symptoms. Study quality was assessed with Cochrane Review of Bias 2. Meta-analysis of means and standard deviations was performed., Results: CBT led to modest reductions in catastrophic thinking (-0.44 CI: -0.76 to -0.12; P  = .01, kinesiophobia (-0.60 CI: -1.07 to -0.14; P  = .01) and anxiety symptoms (-0.23 CI: -0.36 to -0.09; P  < .01) over six months compared to usual care. There were no improvements in levels capability (-0.28 CI: -0.56 to 0.01; P  = .05). CBT led by mental health professionals reduced catastrophic thinking more than CBT led by other clinicians (QB Test = 4.73 P  = .03). There were no differences between online and in-person sessions, group versus individual therapy, or surgical versus non-surgical interventions., Conclusion: The evidence that CBT delivered by various clinicians in various settings fosters healthier thinking in people presenting for care of musculoskeletal symptoms, supports comprehensive care of musculoskeletal illness. More research is needed to develop indications and interventions that also improve levels of capability. Level-I, meta-analysis of RCT's., Competing Interests: Please separate ICMJE forms attached for each author details on conflicting interests., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

Objective: To explore the chain-mediating role and impact of rumination and psychological resilience on symptom burden and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic heart failure., Methods: We selected a total of 318 patients with chronic heart failure from a hospital in Wuxi between November 2023 and May 2024 using a convenience sampling method. Various scales and questionnaires assessed general information, symptom burden, resilience, rumination thinking, and kinesiophobia. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS and the bootstrap method to examine the chain mediation effect., Results: The scores for symptom burden, rumination, psychological resilience, and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic heart failure were 0.81± 0.47, 50.63± 9.02, 23.43± 6.26, and 38.91± 8.01, respectively. Mediation analysis showed that symptom burden had a direct positive predictive effect on rumination (β = 0.475, 95% CI: 0.365-0.584), rumination had a direct negative predictive effect on psychological resilience (β = -0.199, 95% CI: -0.306-0.092), and psychological resilience had a direct negative predictive effect on kinesiophobia (β = -0.273, 95% CI: -0.340-0.206). Rumination and psychological resilience played a chain mediation role between symptom burden and kinesiophobia, with a total effect of 0.606, a direct effect of 0.380, and an indirect effect of 0.226. The mediation effect accounted for 37.29% of the total effect., Conclusion: Kinesiophobia is at a high level in patients with chronic heart failure. Symptom burden can affect patients' kinesiophobia through the independent or chain mediation effects of rumination and psychological resilience. Healthcare professionals should actively adopt strategies to address symptom burden and rumination while enhancing psychological resilience to reduce patients' kinesiophobia., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Li, Cheng and Jiang.)

Background/Objectives : Wrist/hand injury incidences in the general population are high and contribute to a significant health problem. Fear of pain from movement can impact physical recovery, contributing to prolonged disability and impaired function in an upper limb after wrist/hand injury. The study's objectives are (1) to evaluate the relationship between kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, Quick DASH, and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation and (2) to evaluate the data regarding the influence that basal kinesiophobia may have on upper limb functionality after wrist/hand immobilization. Methods : Participants referred from different medical centers with a wrist or hand injury that required immobilization were enrolled in the study. Data were collected just after the post-immobilization period. The following outcome measures were evaluated: the Quick DASH, the PRWE (Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation), the TSK (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia), and the PCS (Pain Catastrophizing Scale). Demographics were summarized with descriptive statistics and linear relationships between variables using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Furthermore, multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine whether kinesiophobia could predict upper functional performance. Results : 64 patients (40 women, 24 men) participated in the study. Significant kinesiophobia positive correlations were found between the TSK and the Quick DASH ( r = 0.848, p < 0.001) as well as the TSK and the PCS error ( r = 0.521, p < 0.001). The regression model explains 30.4% of the variance in upper limb function, suggesting that the PRWE, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and the Quick DASH are important in predicting dysfunction. Conclusions : Kinesiophobia may contribute to but is not a significant predictor of dysfunction in this model.

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between kinesiophobia, proprioception, and limits of stability in elderly individuals post-THR. Specifically, it sought to assess the direct and indirect effects of kinesiophobia on proprioception through mediating factors such as pain intensity, functional mobility, and psychological well-being. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 100 participants (50 post-THR patients and 50 asymptomatic elderly controls) at King Khalid University Hospital. Kinesiophobia was measured using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), proprioception was assessed via a digital inclinometer, and limits of stability were evaluated using computerized dynamic posturography. Post-THR patients exhibited significantly higher levels of kinesiophobia (p < 0.001) and impaired proprioception (p < 0.001) compared to controls. Mediation analyses revealed that pain intensity, functional mobility, and psychological well-being partially mediated the relationship between kinesiophobia and proprioception. The Sobel tests confirmed significant mediation effects for pain intensity (Z = 3.88, p = 0.021), functional mobility (Z = 2.96, p = 0.013), and psychological well-being (Z = 2.84, p = 0.015). Kinesiophobia significantly impairs proprioception and balance in elderly individuals post-THR, with these effects being partially mediated by pain intensity, functional mobility, and psychological well-being. These findings highlight the importance of addressing psychological factors in rehabilitation programs to enhance proprioceptive function and improve postural stability, thereby optimizing recovery outcomes in the post-THR population., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Alshehri et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Introduction: Regular physical activity (PA) has a beneficial effect on joint pain, stiffness, strength, flexibility, and aerobic capacity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)., Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the level of PA in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and to identify potential barriers to this activity., Material and Methods: The study involved 132 patients with RA. Participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue Scale (FACIT-F), the Tampa Scale for kinesiophobia (TSK), Strength, Ambulation, Rising from a chair, Stair climbing and history of Falling questionnaire (SARC-F) for sarcopenia assessment, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression. Basic socio-epidemiological data, disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS 28 ), duration of disease, and therapy information were retrieved from electronic patient records. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify subpopulations of patients., Results: The study included 109 women (82.6%) and 23 men (17.4%). Low levels of PA were observed in 16 patients (12%), moderate levels in 70 patients (53%), and high levels in 42 patients (35%). Symptoms of pronounced fatigue were significantly associated with low PA (28.5 ± 11.3 vs. 37 ± 7 vs. 37 ± 10; p = 0.002). The risk of sarcopenia was significantly higher in RA patients with low PA ( p = 0.05). Kinesiophobia was present in all three groups (65.2%). LCA identified two classes. In the first class, patients were more likely to be non-exercisers compared to the second class. Patients in the first class were characterized by a higher probability of being female, obese, with lower education levels. Patients in the first class had pronounced fatigue, kinesiophobia and more frequent symptoms of depression. The second class (65% of the total population) included patients who exercised moderately to frequently (93%) and were middle-aged. They were less obese, highly educated, employed, and majority of them achieved low disease activity or remission. In addition, they had lower risks for sarcopenia, depression, fatigue, and kinesiophobia., Conclusions: This study showed that RA patients with moderate and high levels of PA have better disease control, fewer symptoms of fatigue and depression, and a lower risk of sarcopenia. However, kinesiophobia was significantly present in all three groups, indicating a need for further promotion of this non-pharmacological treatment.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate kinesiophobia levels in patients with osteoporosis compared to healthy controls and investigate the associations with pain, depression, anxiety, fear of falling, and quality of life., Methods: The study involved 60 postmenopausal osteoporosis patients and 60 healthy controls aged 50 years and above. Kinesiophobia was assessed using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, while quality of life, psychological symptoms, and fear of falling were evaluated using the Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Tinetti Falls Efficacy Scale., Results: Kinesiophobia levels were significantly higher in the osteoporosis group compared to controls (p<0.05). Positive correlations were observed between kinesiophobia and Falls Efficacy Scale (r=0.278, p=0.002), as well as with Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis physical function scores (r=0.185, p=0.043). No significant relationship was found between kinesiophobia and depression or anxiety scores., Conclusion: Kinesiophobia is notably higher in osteoporosis patients compared to healthy individuals, correlating with an increased fear of falling and reduced physical function. Early identification and management of kinesiophobia are essential to prevent reduced physical activity and associated risks, such as decreased bone mineral density and higher fracture risk.

Background: Physical activity decreases after stroke due to various factors and the causes and effects of these factors remain unclear., Objectives: This study aimed todetermine the effects of kinesiophobia, fatigue, and quality of life on physical activity in patients with stroke., Methods: The study included 32 patients (13 females/19 males), all evaluated using the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement, Barthel Index, Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale-fatigue, Fatigue Impact Scale and Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale. The SenseWear multisensory activity monitor was worn on the arm of the patients for 1 week to evaluate active energy expenditure, step count, and rest periods in relation to physical activity. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the effects of the independent variables kinesiophobia, fatigue, and quality of life on the dependent variables of active energy expenditure, step count, and rest periods., Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.31 ± 14.76 years. According to the multiple regression analysis results, kinesiophobia ( p  = 0.011) and quality of life ( p  = 0.009) are significant determinants of active energy expenditure and quality of life ( p  = 0.001) is a significant determinant of the step count in patients with stroke. Kinesiophobia, fatigue, and quality of life were not determinants of rest periods ( p  > 0.05)., Conclusions: The study results showed that kinesiophobia and quality of life are important determinants of physical activity in patients with stroke. Combined evaluation in the clinic of motor findings and non-motor factors, which are often ignored, and the application of target-oriented approaches to these problems will make a significant contribution to the success of stroke rehabilitation.

Objectives: After cardiac surgery, there may be barriers to being physically active. Patients are encouraged to gradually increase physical activity, but limited knowledge exists regarding postoperative physical activity levels. This study aimed to assess patient-reported physical activity six months after cardiac surgery, determine adherence to WHO's physical activity recommendations, and explore potential relationships between pain, dyspnea, fear of movement, and activity levels., Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional study at Örebro University Hospital, Sweden. Preoperative and surgical data were retrieved from medical records and questionnaires concerning physical activity (Frändin-Grimby Activity Scale, the Physical activity Likert-scale Haskell, Patient-Specific Functional Scale, and Exercise Self-efficacy Scale) were completed six months after surgery. Data were collected on pain, dyspnea, general health status and kinesiophobia i.e. fear of movement, using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia Heart., Results: In total, 71 patients (68 ± 11 years, males 82%) participated in this study. Most patients (76%) reported a light to moderate activity level (Frändin-Grimby levels 3-4) six months after cardiac surgery. In total, 42% of the patients adhered to the WHO's physical activity recommendations (150 min/week). Pain and dyspnea were low. Patients with lower activity levels exhibited significantly higher levels of fear of movement ( p =.025)., Conclusions: The majority of patients reported engaging in light to moderate activity levels six months after cardiac surgery. Despite this, less than half of the patients met the WHO's physical activity recommendations. Potential barriers to physical activity such as pain, dyspnea and fear of movement were reported to be low.

Objective: To explore the influencing factors of kinesiophobia and to establish a nomogram prediction model., Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in 354 patients who underwent TKA in Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December 2019 to December 2022. Sociodemographic characteristics, anesthesia methods, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), numeric rating scale (NRS), hospital for special surgery (HSS), activities of daily living (ADL), and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) were reviewed and analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of kinesiophobia, and a nomogram model was established based on the identified influencing factors and verified by consistency index (C-index), calibration curve, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve., Results: Incidence of kinesiophobia in patients who received TEAS combined with western medicine (dexmedetomidine and remifentanil) was significantly lower than that in patients who received western medicine alone. The logistic regression analysis showed that family monthly income level, HSS, ADL, and combined TEAS and western medicine approach were independent protective factors for kinesiophobia (all P <0.05). The degree of pain and anxiety were independent risk factors for kinesiophobia (both P <0.05). A nomogram model was constructed with C-index of 0.721 (0.658, 0.784), and the area under curve (AUC) was 0.748 (95 %CI: 0.685-0.807). The calibration curve also showed good consistency between actual observations and nomogram model predictions., Conclusions: Family monthly income level, anesthesia methods, NRS, HSS, ADL, and SAS scores are influencing factors of kinesiophobia, and the nomogram model can be useful for predicting postoperative kinesiophobia., (Copyright: © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences.)

Pain is the main symptom of inflammatory arthritis and it can impair physical functional performance and physical activity level. Some individuals can develop kinesiophobia and experience a vicious circle of worsening health. This study aimed to investigate the association between pain and physical functional performance/physical activity and determine whether kinesiophobia mediates this association. This was a cross-sectional study with individuals diagnosed with inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis or spondyloarthritis) treated at a Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic. We assessed pain (Visual Analogue Scale), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire - long form), kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia), and physical functional performance (Handgrip Strength Dynamometry, 30-second Sit-to-Stand test, Static Muscular Endurance test, and Timed Up and Go test). The mediating effect of kinesiophobia on the relationship between pain intensity and physical functional performance/physical activity was analyzed, and the significance of the mediating effect (kinesiophobia) was tested through a bootstrap approach. Thirty-three individuals with inflammatory arthritis (mean age: 48 ± 12 years) participated in the study. Kinesiophobia mediates the relationship between pain intensity and physical functional performance analyzed by the 30-second Sit-to-Stand test [indirect effect (IE)overall = -0.343, bootstrap 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.698 to -0.002] and by knee flexion at 90º of the dominant limb (IEoverall = -1.55, bootstrap 95% CI: -3.43 to -0.237). In conclusion, pain intensity can affect physical functional performance through kinesiophobia in individuals with inflammatory arthritis., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective/aim: The aim was to compare the levels of physical activity, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, body awareness, and depression in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and to explore the associations between these outcomes and disease activity., Methods: Seventy-eight patients with AS (n = 30) and RA (n = 48) were included. Outcomes were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Body Awareness Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Disease activity levels were determined using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index for AS and the Disease Activity Score 28 score for RA., Results: AS patients were younger, had a higher proportion of men, and were more physically active than RA patients (p < 0.05). Both groups exhibited high levels of kinesiophobia but low levels of pain catastrophizing, similar body awareness and mild depression scores. Moderate correlations (r ≥ 0.5) were observed between kinesiophobia and depression, body awareness and pain catastrophizing and depression, and pain catastrophizing and disease activity in AS patients. In RA patients, moderate correlations (r ≥ 0.5) were found between kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing., Conclusion: Addressing physical activity, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, body awareness, and depression is important in managing AS and RA patients. Notably, correlations among outcomes differed between groups, with more significant correlations in AS. Further studies are needed to explore these in greater detail., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Exercise anxiety is a novel mechanism related to non-adherence to exercise and lifestyle physical activity. We developed a cognitive-behavioral treatment, Behavioral Exposure For Interoceptive Tolerance (BE-FIT), which is a manualized, values-based exposure intervention designed to target exercise anxiety that is delivered as a supplement to outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR)., Method: We describe a Stage II randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test BE-FIT, compared to a Health Education Control (HEC) intervention on exercise and physical activity outcomes at end-of-treatment (EOT) and follow-ups (Weeks 12, 18, and 24), and evaluate mechanisms of change (i.e., reductions in exercise anxiety). Adults (N = 146) who are ≥40 years of age, cleared for outpatient exercise-based CR, low active, and have elevated exercise anxiety will be recruited. The primary study hypothesis is that BE-FIT compared to HEC will result in higher levels of overall exercise and lifestyle physical activity at EOT and follow-ups. The second hypothesis is that BE-FIT vs HEC will produce greater reductions in exercise anxiety at EOT and Week 12. The third hypothesis is that reductions in exercise anxiety at EOT and Weeks 12 will mediate the effect of BE-FIT on activity outcomes at Weeks 18 and 24., Discussion: We expect the results of this study will produce knowledge regarding BE-FIT's efficacy and mechanisms of action. Our goal is to better understand "how and why" the intervention is (or is not) effective and for whom, and increase collective knowledge and reproducibility of behavior change research., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

In patients with musculoskeletal injury, changes have been observed within the central nervous system that contribute to altered movement planning. This maladaptive neuroplasticity potentially explains the clinical disconnect where residual neuromuscular dysfunction and high rates of reinjury are often observed even after individuals clear return-to-activity functional testing. An improved understanding of these neural changes could therefore serve as a guide for facilitating a more complete recovery and minimizing risk of reinjury. Therefore, we propose a paradigm of neural-targeted rehabilitation to augment commonly used therapeutic techniques targeting sensorimotor function to better address maladaptive plasticity. Although most treatments have the capability to modify neural function, optimizing these treatments and combining them with integrative therapies (eg, implementation of motor learning strategies, transcranial direct current stimulation) may enhance neural efficiency and facilitate return to activity in patients with musculoskeletal injury. To complete this model, consideration of affective aspects of movement and associated interventions must also be considered to improve the durability of these changes., (© by the National Athletic Trainers’ Association, Inc.)

Objectives: To explore the postoperative kinesophobia of patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and its related factors., Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention is an effective method to treat coronary heart disease (CHD), and cardiac rehabilitation is an important auxiliary method after PCI. However, the compliance of patients with cardiac rehabilitation after PCI is not good, among which kinesophobia is an important influencing factor., Design: A descriptive cross-sectional design was implemented, and the high-quality reporting of the study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Statement., Methods: In total, 351 inpatients who underwent PCI in three tertiary grade-A hospitals in China were selected by convenient sampling method. We use one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis to determine the relevant related factors., Results: The kinesophobia of patients after PCI was negatively correlated with chronic illness resource utilization and sense of personal mastery, and positively correlated with illness perception. Education level, clinical classification of CHD, exercise habits, chronic illness resource utilization, illness perception and sense of personal mastery entered the regression equation, which could explain 78.1% of the total variation., Conclusion: The level of kinesiophobia of patients after PCI is high. Education level, clinical classification of CHD, exercise habits, chronic illness resource utilization, illness perception and sense of personal mastery are the related factors of kinesiophobia of patients after PCI., Relevance to Clinical Practice: By reducing the level of exercise fear of patients after PCI, patients are more likely to accept and adhere to the cardiac rehabilitation plan, thus improving their prognosis and improving their quality of life., Patient or Public Contribution: The patient underwent PCI in the research hospital. Researchers screen them according to the inclusion criteria and invite them to participate in this study. If they meet the requirements, participants will answer the research questionnaire face to face after signing the informed consent form., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Kinesiophobia, an irrational fear-avoidance behaviour, can significantly impact the quality of life and prognosis of peritoneal dialysis patients. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of kinesiophobia in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis and to analyse its influencing factors., Methods: A total of 291 patients who visited the outpatient and ward of peritoneal dialysis in 7 tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province from December 2023 to March 2024 were selected as research subjects via the convenience sampling method. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a general data questionnaire, the Tampa Kinesiophobia-11 Scale, the Chinese Version of the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Scale, and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire., Results: The score obtained using the Tampa Scale for kinesiophobia in patients with peritoneal dialysis was 22.44 ± 7.46, with a prevalence rate of 69.1%. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that no complications, daily exercise before illness, and positive coping styles were protective factors (p < 0.05), whereas fatigue and negative coping styles were risk factors for kinesiophobia in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: The prevalence of kinesiophobia in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis was high but at a mild level. Medical staff should combine influencing factors to identify high-risk groups as early as possible, formulate targeted interventions to reduce the occurrence of kinesiophobia and mitigate adverse effects on peritoneal dialysis patients., Competing Interests: Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2023NL-277-02). Informed consent was obtained from all the subjects involved in the study. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Kinesiophobia, the fear of movement, can significantly impede an individual's ability to engage in daily activities. This fear often stems from past traumatic experiences or witnessing others in pain, leading to an increased fear of injury. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia among Iranian post-surgery patients. A methodological study conducted in 2023 involved a sample of 400 post-surgery patients selected through convenience sampling. The translated scale underwent psychometric evaluation, including network analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for construct validity, as well as assessments for convergent and discriminant validity. Internal consistency of the scale was also assessed. The mean age of the participants was 44.38 (SD = 13.49) years and the majority of them (77.8%) were women. Exploratory factor analysis with Promax rotation identified two factors explaining 60.28% of the variance, comprising 17 items. The final model was confirmed after necessary adjustments in confirmatory factor analysis. Both convergent and discriminant validity were established, and alpha and omega coefficients of the subscales were above 0.7. The Persian version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia showed robust psychometric properties among Iranian post-surgery patients, serving as a valuable tool for evaluating and addressing kinesiophobia in this population. These findings enhance the understanding and management of kinesiophobia within the Iranian healthcare context., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objective: To assess short term recovery between individuals with Achilles tendinopathy with varying degrees of kinesiophobia when treated with the Silbernagel protocol. Secondarily to investigate short term change in degree of kinesiophobia., Design: Prospective single cohort analysis., Setting: University/Clinical., Participants: 116 participants with midportion Achilles tendinopathy were grouped from their baseline Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) score: Low (≤33), Medium (34-41), and High (≥42)., Main Outcome Measures: Symptom severity, Achilles tendon structure, and function were assessed at baseline and 8-weeks following initiation of the Silbernagel protocol. Differences in recovery between TSK groups were analyzed., Results: No group by time interactions were observed for symptoms, structure, or function. A significant interaction of group by time was observed for TSK score. The Medium (n = 66) and High (n = 28) TSK groups significantly decreased TSK score after 8 weeks by 2.4 and 4.4 points respectively while the Low TSK group (n = 22) did not change., Conclusion: There were no differences in short term recovery of symptoms, Achilles tendon structure, and function in individuals with midportion Achilles tendinopathy treated with the Silbernagel protocol regardless of baseline degree of kinesiophobia. Those with moderate and high levels of kinesiophobia at baseline decreased TSK score in the short term., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)