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This paper is devoted to understanding a few characteristics of static irrotational matter content that assumes hyperbolical symmetry. For this purpose, we use metric f(R) gravity to carry out our analysis. It is noticed that the matter distribution cannot fill the region close to the center of symmetry, thereby implying the existence of an empty core. Moreover, the evaluation of the effective energy density reveals that it is inevitably negative, which could have utmost relevance in understanding various quantum field events. To derive the structure scalars, we perform the orthogonal splitting of the Riemann tensor in this modified gravity. Few relationships among matter variables and both Tolman and Misner Sharp are determined. Through two generating functions, some hyperbolically symmetric cosmological models, as well as their physical interpretations, are studied. To delve deeply into the role of f(R) terms, the model of the less-complex relativistic system of Einstein gravity is presented.

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease that has rapidly spread throughout the last few decades. Most preventive mechanisms to deal with the disease focus on the eradication of the vector mosquito and vaccination campaigns. However, appropriate mechanisms of response are indispensable to face the consequent events when an outbreak takes place. This study applied single and multiple objective linear programming models to optimize the allocation of patients and additional resources during an epidemic dengue fever outbreak, minimizing the summation of the distance travelled by all patients. An empirical study was set in Ciudad del Este, Paraguay. Data provided by a privately run health insurance cooperative was used to verify the applicability of the models in this study. The results can be used by analysts and decision makers to solve patient allocation problems for providing essential medical care during an epidemic dengue fever outbreak.

The seemingly straightforward task of analysing faecal egg counts resulting from laboratory procedures such as the McMaster technique has, in reality, a number of complexities. These include Poisson errors in the counting technique which result from eggs being randomly distributed in well mixed faecal samples. In addition, counts between animals in a single experimental or observational group are nearly always over-dispersed. We describe the R package "eggCounts" that we have developed that incorporates both sampling error and over-dispersion between animals to calculate the true egg counts in samples of faeces, the probability distribution of the true counts and summary statistics such as the 95% uncertainty intervals. Based on a hierarchical Bayesian framework, the software will also rigorously estimate the percentage reduction of faecal egg counts and the 95% uncertainty intervals of data generated by a faecal egg count reduction test. We have also developed a user friendly web interface that can be used by those with limited knowledge of the R statistical computing environment. We illustrate the package with three simulated data sets of faecal egg count reduction experiments., (Copyright © 2014 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)