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В статье на материале выступлений Д. А. Медведева представлен анализ англоязычной лексики, употребляемой русскоязычным политиком в профессиональном дискурсе., The article presents the results of an analysis of the English-language vocabulary used by a Russian-speaking politician in professional discourse from the linguopersonological positions.

В данной статье рассматривается феномен интерференции при русском переводе китайского политического текста с целью выявления обусловленных ею лингвистических ошибок и раскрытия механизмов ее действия в процессе китайско-русского перевода., The paper considers the phenomenon of language interference in Russian translation of the Chinese political text, deals with linguistic errors caused by interference and reveals its mechanisms in the translation process.

В статье рассматриваются языковые средства, применяющиеся в диалогической речи во время президентских дебатов в США 2016 г., Modern international relations and the growing politicization of society have led to an increase in interest in the language of politicians and their speech behavior. The discourse of D. Trump as a candidate for president of the United States of America is of interest from the point of view of the dichotomy of the unconventionality and effectiveness of the language means used by him.

В статье рассматриваются артефактные метафоры, используемые президентом России В. В. Путиным при характеристике эпидемиологической ситуации в стране в марте - июле 2020 г., The article examines the cognitive and linguistic aspects of the artifact metaphors used by Russian President Vladimir Putin when describing the epidemiological, socio-economic and political situation in the country in March - July 2020.

В статье рассматриваются манипулятивные стратегии и способы их реализации в италоязычном политическом дискурсе., This article analyzes manipulative strategies and methods of their implementation in the Italian-language political discourse.

В статье рассматриваются языковые средства, объективирующие концепт "победа" в высказываниях американских дипломатов., This article deals with the linguistic representation of the concept of "victory" in the American foreign policy discourse.

В статье рассматривается личностный дискурс политика с позиций лингвосоционики на материале устных выступлений М. Горбачева и В. Черномырдина., The article is devoted to the study of the personal discourse of a politician from the standpoint of linguosocionics, the task of which is to identify and describe (characterize) a type via modeling speech.

В статье рассматривается коммуникативная теория перевода и факторы, оказывающие влияние на переводчика в процессе ведения им профессиональной деятельности. Особое внимание уделяется коммуникативным ошибкам и неточностям переводчиков при выполнении перевода дипломатических речей с китайского на русский язык., The article deals with the communicative theory of translation and the factors influencing the translator in the process of their professional activity. Particular attention is paid to communicative errors and inaccuracies of translators when translating diplomatic speeches from Chinese into Russian. The material of the study is the transcript of the speech of the Chinese President Xi Jinping at the meeting of the 75th session of the UN General Assembly in Chinese and its translation into Russian.

В статье рассматриваются идейно-тематические особенности выступления уходящего с должности президента России. Материалом исследования является речь В. В. Путина, произнесенная на инаугурации Д. А. Медведева в 2008 г., The aim of this article is to examine the ideological and thematic features of the outgoing Russian Presi-dent's speech. The research is conducted on the material of Vladimir Putin's speech at the inauguration of Dmitry Medvedev in 2008.

В статье рассматривается применение методов статистической обработки и визуализации данных в области политической лингвистики для анализа ориентационных метафор, выявленных в официальных выступлениях политических деятелей Великобритании., This article opens a series of publications related to the use of methods of statistical processing and data visualization in the field of political linguistics for the analysis of orientational metaphors identified in the official speeches of British politicians in the period of 1900-1920 and 2000-2020.

В статье представлена рецензия на монографию Цзи Сяосяо и Д. С. Мухортова, в которой выступления американских президентов рассматривается как особый текст политического дискурса., The article is a review of the monograph by Ji Xiaoxiao and D. S. Mukhortov. Within the field of the authors' view, there are two genres of political discourse that are actively developing in the American presidential tradition: inaugural and nomination speeches.

В статье рассматривается концепция риторического декодирования текста на материале приветственного диалога президента России В. В. Путина и президента Республики Узбекистан Ш. М. Мирзиеева., The purpose of the article is to test the concept of rhetorical decoding on the material of the text of ritual political communication - the welcome dialogue between the President of Russia V. V. Putin and the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh. M. Mirziyoyev.

The aim of the study is to reveal the specific features of the communicative portrait of Maksim Gennad'evich Reshetnikov, who is one of the youngest Russian governors and a successful communicator. The textual material under study includes transcripts of Reshetnikov's public speeches of 2017-2019. Two press conferences and a speech (a lecture followed by question answering) at his meeting with Perm Krai students were chosen for detailed analysis. The research method used is based on the model of linguistic portrait generation reflecting the linguistic personality's parameters worked out by Yu. N. Karaulov (linguocognitive, communicative and idiostylistic), but the focus of attention in the article rests on communicative strategies and tactics employed by the governor in the speeches under study., В статье рассматривается специфика коммуникативного портрета Максима Геннадьевича Решетникова, который, будучи одним из самых молодых российских губернаторов, уже успел проявить себя как успешный коммуникатор.

The interest in the legacy of politicians of different epochs is largely determined by the fact that the analysis of deep text-generating dominants and texts constants of past centuries politicians highlights the specific features of the discourse inherent in certain political regimes, historical periods and a particular world order. Studying the past teaches the present not to repeat its mistakes in the future. The article gives an insight into the most frequent linguistic features and systematizes the dominants and specific characteristics of W. Churchill’s idiostyle. The material of the study includes two well-known 1940 and 1949 speeches by Winston Churchill. The main research method is semantic, cognitive and rhetorical text analysis. The article explores the content of the “war” concept, which is considered on the basis of the “field model” using English-English dictionary definitions, and describes its core and periphery. The detailed analysis shows that W. Churchill makes an active use of rhetoric tropes and figures of speech, especially metaphors. W. Churchill saliently demonstrates the features of an elitist linguistic personality, he is proficient in codified language, ethical, communicative-pragmatic and rhetorical norms of standard language; he pragmatically and creatively uses the possibilities of functional styles, speech genres, and specific features of oral and written forms of speech., Интерес к наследию политиков различных эпох в немалой степени связан с тем, что анализ глубинных текстопорождающих доминант и констант текстов того или иного политического деятеля прошлых веков позволяет выделить специфические черты дискурса, присущие определенным политическим режимам, историческим периодам, конкретному мироустройству. Изучение прошлого учит настоящее не повторять его ошибок в будущем. В статье представлен анализ наиболее частотных языковых средств, систематизированы доминанты и специфические признаки идиостиля У. Черчилля. Материл исследования — две широко известные речи Уинстона Черчилля, относящиеся к 1940 и 1949 гг. Основной метод исследования — семантический, когнитивный и риторический анализ текста. Содержание концепта «война» рассматривается на основе «полевой модели» и с опорой на дефиниции толковых словарей английского языка, описываются его ядро и периферия. Детальный анализ показал, что У. Черчилль активно использует риторические тропы и фигуры, особенно метафору. У. Черчилль ярко демонстрирует черты элитарной языковой личности, он свободно владеет кодифицированными языковыми, этическими, коммуникативно-прагматическими и риторическими нормами литературного языка, целесообразно и творчески использует возможности функциональных стилей, речевых жанров, специфических свойств устной и письменной форм речи.

One of the urgent research areas of modern political linguistics deals with constructing verbal portraits of political leaders. Political linguopersonology allows studying the linguistic personality of a politician from two perspectives: as a concrete author of certain utterances with a number of personal characteristic features (temper, interests, motives) and as a typical representative of a certain linguoculture. This paper analyzes public speeches of the US President D. Trump with the purpose of making up his verbal portrait. The analysis focuses on the verbal-semantic level of the linguistic personality (basic one, including the lexicon). Trump’s public speeches are full of the feeling of patriotism and contain numerous appeals to the traditional American values – democracy, freedom, personal freedoms and human rights. The speeches abound in lexical repetition and reduplication, which are most frequently used to attract the audience’s attention to a certain fact of reality, or to convince the recipient and to focus their attention on a certain object. Trump often uses the tactics of thanking. Another means of intimization of the communicative situation consists in frequent usage of phrasal verbs. In order to reinforce the emotional impact, especially during debates, Trump resorts to invective vocabulary, traditionally avoided in political discourse. As a rule, Trump’s public speeches have an emotional coloring, and specifically due to the abundance of metaphors and epithets. Thus, D. Trump positions himself as a powerful public speaker capable to discredit the opponent by speech and language techniques, who can create the feeling of his being close to the people. His appeal to the key traditional American values facilitates the achievement of the political goals set by the American president., Одно из актуальных направлений современной политической лингвистики — составление речевых портретов политических лидеров. Политическая лингвоперсонология позволяет рассматривать языковую личность поли-тика с двух позиций: как конкретного автора высказываний с рядом характеристик (характер, интересы, мотивы) и как типичного представителя той или иной лингвокультуры. В данной работе анализируются выступления президента США Д. Трампа с целью составить его речевой портрет. Анализ сконцентрирован на вербально-семантическом уровне языковой личности (базовом, включающем лексикон). Выступления Д. Трампа наполнены чувством патриотизма, часто наблюдается обращение к национальным американским ценностям — демократии, свободе, свободе личности, правам человека. Выступления политика изобилуют лексическими повторами и редупликацией, которые чаще всего используются для привлечения внимания аудитории к какому-либо факту действительности или c целью убеждения реципиента и акцентирования внимания на каком-то определенном предмете. Часто Д. Трамп прибегает к тактике высказывания благодарности. Другое средство интимизации коммуникативной ситуации — частотное употребление фразовых глаголов. Для усиления эмоционального воздействия, особенно во время проведения дебатов, задействуется не вписывающаяся в традиции политического дискурса бранная лексика. Как правило, публичные выступления президента США эмоционально окрашены, в том числе за счет метафор и эпитетов. Таким образом, Дональд Трамп проявляет себя как сильный оратор, способный дискредитировать оппонента речеязыковыми приемами, создающий о себе впечатление как о человеке, близком к народу; апелляция к ключевым американским ценностям способствует достижению поставленных президентом политических целей.

The state as the main element of a political system is investigated in the humanities and social sciences in detail. The urgency of the linguocognitive study of the processes of discursive construction of the concept of “state” consists in its significance in the conceptual system of the Russian political discourse, as well as in its social value. The aim of this article is to identify the linguistic means of explication of the concept of “state” and to study the dynamic trends of its representation in Russian ceremonial political speeches. The sample includes Russian Presidential Inaugural Addresses by B. Yeltsin, D. Medvedev and V. Putin. The analysis of lexicographic data of the 20th – early 21st centuries makes it possible to identify the stable components of the meaning of the word which verbalizes the concept in the Russian Language: 1) the state is a political form of organization of society; 2) the state performs a protective function. The author has found that the concept is formed with the help of eight thematic categories describing the state: the governance goal, the current state of governance, the inherent qualities of the state, the sources of development of the state, the relationships between the state and the people; the foundations of the state; the tasks in the area of governance, and the activity of government departments and agencies. Having studied the peculiarities of explication of the concept of “state” in inaugural addresses of the Russian Presidents, the author has worked out its prototypical structure: 1) the citizens form the state governed by its head; 2) the president ought to protect and preserve the state; 3) Russia is a democratic state. The concept of “state” is a dynamic entity which is constantly changing in accordance with the political goals of the new president and/or a new term of their office and the needs of the society., Государство как основной элемент политической системы является предметом детального изучения в гуманитарных и социальных науках. Актуальность лингвокогнитивного изучения процессов дискурсивного конструирования концепта «государство» обусловлена его значимостью в концептуальной системе русского политического дискурса, а также его социальной ценностью. Цель нашего исследования — выявление лингвистических способов экспликации концепта «государство» и изучение динамических тенденций его репрезентации в торжественной политической речи. В качестве мате-риала исследования используются инаугурационные речи российских президентов. Анализ лексикографических данных ХХ — начала XXI в. позволил выявить устойчивые компоненты значения слова, вербализующего концепт в русском языке: 1) государство — это политическая форма организации общества; 2) государство выполняет охранительную функцию. Мы определили, что концепт разворачивается при помощи восьми тематических категорий, описывающих государство: цель государственной деятельности, состояние государства в настоящее время, качества, присущие государству, источник развития государства, взаимоотношения государства и общества, фундамент государства, задачи в области государственного управления, деятельность государственного аппарата. В ходе изучения особенностей экспликации концепта «государство» в инаугурационных речах российских президентов мы установили его прототипическую структуру: 1) граждане образуют государство, которым руководит его глава; 2) президент обязан защищать и беречь государство; 3) Россия — демократическое государство. Концепт «государство» является динамическим образованием, которое постоянно преобразуется в соответствии с политическими задачами нового президента и/или нового срока исполнения должностных обязанностей и потребностями общества.

The study of translation problems of political speeches has always been relevant due to the importance of politics in people’s lives. One of such problems is hedging, which is highly employed by many politicians. Although there are a large number of studies exploring hedging in various language spheres, for example, academic writing or colloquial speech, hedging in the political discourse is not often considered. The present paper studies hedging in the political discourse and the problems of its translation from English into Russian. The research material is public speeches of Donald Trump and Boris Johnson., Изучение проблем перевода публичных речей всегда было актуальным, поскольку политика оказывает огромное влияние на жизнь людей. Одной из таких проблем перевода является хеджирование, которое многие политические деятели широко используют в своих речах. Несмотря на то, что существует большое количество исследований, изучающих хеджирование в различных сферах, например в сфере академического письма или в устной речи, в лингвистической литературе недостаточно изучена тема хеджирования в политическом дискурсе. В данной работе мы проанализируем использование хеджирования и проблемы его перевода с английского языка на русский на материале публичных речей Д. Трампа и Б. Джонсона.

В статье рассматривается языковая личность политика, которая реализует тактики и стратегии в рамках информационно-психологической войны на материале публичных выступлений российских и зарубежных политических деятелей., The article explores linguistic personality of a politician which realizes the tactics and strategies within the frames of information-psychological warfare. The research material includes public speeches of Russian and foreign politicians (state leaders: Theresa May, Donald Trump, Aleksandr Lukashenko, V. V. Putin) and mass media publications.

The paper deals with the study of realization of the speech act of threat in American diplomatic dis-course. This article covers different types of speech acts of threat: threat-penalty, threat-warning, threats with direct and indirect meaning, etc. The article also examines the concept and role of a speech situation in the menacing. The urgency of the study is determined by the demand for researching into twiplomacy as a new phenomenon of international relationships in the situation of political conflict., Статья посвящена изучению реализации речевого акта угрозы в американском политическом дискурсе.

Speeches by leaders of the space sector are political by their nature and can be regarded from the politi-cal rhetorical perspective. It is especially important in view of the abundant information on space activities and its impact on public opinion in spacefaring nations and international communication. The aim of this paper is to expand the scope of stud-ies in political rhetoric to include speeches by the head of a space agency and to test the applicability of rhetorical criticism and rhetorical political analysis to such talks. The author has used two speeches by NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine and analyzed them in terms of rhetorical context and the speaker's image, logical and pathetic proof, and rhetorical effects. The analysis has shown that Jim Bridenstine's first talk to NASA employees at the agency's town hall in May 2018 and his State of NASA address in February 2020 withstand this approach., В статье рассматривается применение методов риторической критики и риторического анализа к выступлениям администратора NASA Дж. Брайденстайна.

The study is devoted to analysis of the tactical and strategic array of discursive means used by Vladislav G. Ardzinba to carry out effective governance as a leader of the state. In the year of the 75th anniversary of the birth of the first President of Abkhazia, the author expresses a wish to address the rhetorical and communicative-cognitive aspects of the linguistic personality, who has become a most significant political figure on the post-Soviet territory of the time. The urgency of research arises from the insufficient study of the typical and characteristic features of V. G. Ardzinba as a linguistic personality., Статья посвящена анализу тактико-стратегического комплекса дискурсивных средств, используемых Владиславом Григорьевичем Ардзинбой для осуществления эффективной деятельности на посту лидера государства.

The article deals with the major trends of modern Russian political metaphorology (2011-2020): cognitive, rhetorical, discursive, and semiotic., В статье рассматриваются ведущие направления современной российской политической метафорологии и специфика их развития.

The article presents the results of an analysis of metaphorization of political discourse in accordance with the stereotypical vision of the addressee. The research material includes speeches of the Russian politicians V. I. Matvienko and D. A. Medvedev in 2015 - 2020: official blogs of the politicians, interviews, meetings with representa-tives of various social groups and with political leaders., В статье на материале выступления российских политиков В. И. Матвиенко и Д. А. Медведева 2015-2020 гг. рассматривается метафоризация политического дискурса в соответствии со стереотипным представлением об адресате.

This article is a part of a complex comparative study of orientation metaphors in British political dis-course in the early 20th and 21st centuries. The study has been carried out on the basis of official political speeches. The arti-cle is based on discrete analysis of spatial metaphors within the periods of 1905-1920 and 2010-2020. These time periods were chosen in order to analyze two ideologically different centuries of political power in Great Britain: the beginning of the 20th century is characterized by the rule of the Liberal party, the beginning of the 21st century is associated with the rule of the Conservative party., В статье рассматриваются ориентационные метафоры британского политического дискурса.

The article presents an analysis of specific features of female political discourse in British linguoculture. The research is based on the study of the texts of public speeches of Theresa May as British Prime Minister., В статье рассматриваются особенности женского политического дискурса в британской лингвокультуре.

The article dwells on three speeches of the President of Turkey addressed to the international community, the Turkish diplomats and the Turkish people. The attention is paid to the difference of discursive, compositional and stylistic features of the speeches depending on the audience. The texts are considered from the point of view of their structure, expres-siveness, metaphorical imagery, degree of reductionism, and use of religious lexical components. Analysis of political speeches makes it possible to single out their common features, as well as the distinguishing ones, typical of the specific style of a certain speaker.., В статье рассматриваются дискурсивные и стилистические особенности речей президента Турции Реджепа Тайипа Эрдогана.

The purpose of the article is to provide a systematic description of communicative strategies and tactics of formation of the image of a politician in media discourse. The scope of the study covers pragmalinguistic means of crea-tion of the image of a politician in modern media discourse. The object of the study includes the communicative strategies and tactics of representation of positive and negative images of a politician in media discourse. The study analyzes German media texts of speeches of politicians and interviews with politicians in the media from 2017 to 2020, В статье рассматриваются коммуникативные стратегии и тактики формирования образа политика в немецких СМИ.

The article deals with a modern approach to political discourse analysis - the method of conversation analysis. This method represents structural-semiotic investigation of the text. Its specificity consists in the fact that discourse is not studied in isolation but in unity with the context which shapes it in a certain way. The talk organization is determined by the rules of text unfolding, and each speaker makes their contribution to the verbal interaction. This study is based on the material of a fragment from B. Johnson's interview with the editor of the BBC political division. The aim of the study is to identify and describe the specific features of verbal and non-verbal communication means used by politicians. The verbal interaction begins in the interview with the initial utterance of Laura Kuenssberg which indicates her communicative inten-tion. Boris Johnson responds with a so-called response utterance, В статье рассматриваются особенности вербальных и невербальных средств коммуникации политических деятелей на материале интервью Б. Джонсона.

The article studies the means of representation of the concept "Russia" in the texts of political discourse. The aim of the article is to systematize and describe these verbal means. The article employs the method of conceptual analy-sis that involves complex consideration of the concept name - the lexeme "Russia". The paper analyzes its etymological, historical, semantical, contextual, grammatical, paradigmatical and derivational aspects., В статье на материале текстов предвыборных программ президентских выборов 2018 г. рассматриваются средства репрезентации концепта "Россия" в политическом дискурсе.

The article deals with the communicative interaction between the participants of political debates, which is characterized by the fact that the candidates keep to the norms of cooperative behavior. The aim of the article is to study the communicative strategies of agreement and disagreement in the framework of direct cooperative response intentionality and to describe the tactics of expression of direct cooperative agreement and disagreement used by the participants of political debates to realize a certain strategy and to achieve the necessary pragmatic aims. According to the analysis of the texts of English political debates, the strategy of disagreement can be used by communicators along with the strategy of agreement within the framework of direct cooperative response intentionality. The strategies of agreement and disagreement prevail in political debates., В статье рассматривается кооперативное взаимодействие участников политических дебатов.

This article is devoted to the answer to the question: why does the propaganda and fiction discourse of A. Kollontai cease to be ideologically and politically demanded in 1922? Typical comments in the biographies of A. Kollontai contain the following explanations: a simple statement of the fact - "the attack on A. Kollontai and her ideas began in 1923", or the consequences of the discussion about trade unions and the participation of A. Kollontai in the so-called labor opposition. Neither, from the point of view of the author, explains the lin-guocultural situation., Данная статья является первой попыткой автора обратиться в рамках исследовательской парадигмы политической лингвистики к анализу автобиографического нарратива А. М. Коллонтай.

The article analyzes the speech portrait of a linguistic personality in political discourse. The study is per-formed in the tradition of cognitive-sociocommunicative research of national-cultural language semantics. The material has been selected and analyzed in accordance with the methods of contextual and conceptual analyses. The study also uses the communicative-pragmatic method of research. The authors reveal the main communicative strategies and tactics of a politi-cian, enhancing the verbal impact, and make up a speech portrait of a woman-politician. As a result of analysis of practical material, the authors make a conclusion about the tactics and strategies used by Theresa May in political discourse., В статье рассматриваются основные речевые стратегии и тактики Т. Мэй, способствующие речевому воздействию, а также составляется речевой портрет женщины-политика.

The article deals with the peculiarities of the individual style of the first President of Abkhazia Vladislav G. Ardzinba - one of the most significant personalities in the socio-political and socio-cultural life of Abkhazia. The study attempts to identify and structure idiostyle constants, target settings, speech tactics and strategies, stylistic and rhetorical techniques used by the politician. The scope of linguistic analysis includes the texts of interviews and speeches by Vladislav Ardzinba on the eve, during and immediately after the Georgian-Abkhazian war (1992-1993). The urgency of the study is determined by the lack of research of the language and style of Ardzinba, its communicative, cognitive and rhetorical fea-tures, which are significant in terms of impact on the collective recipient, В статье рассматриваются особенности идиостиля первого президента Абхазии Владислава Григорьевича Ардзинбы на материале текстов интервью и выступлений.

Nowadays philologists show a special interest in the question of what is the real basis of discursive be-havior of speakers and ensures their harmonious or non-harmonious interaction with others in various communicative situa-tions. The article addresses the issue of non-cooperative (aggressive) interaction between participants of political debates, and specifically response utterances of communicators with direct and indirect response intentionality, characterized by deviations from the established rules and norms of cooperative behavior. The plane of content of a direct response utterance, in case it is true, always coincides with the plane of its expression, whereas an indirect response utterance contains a direct meaning and an additional implicit meaning. The aim of the study is to systematize the tactics of expression of direct and indirect verbal aggression used by participants of political debates to realize certain strategies and pragmatic goals in the course of non-cooperative interaction., В статье рассматривается агрессивное взаимодействие участников политических дебатов.

The article presents a review of the studies of political euphemisms in China. Political euphemisms are used by officials in such spheres as diplomacy, military studies and economics, due to which their thematic groups can be singled out. Usage of political euphemisms is a part of verbal strategy organized in keeping with the principle of polite com-munication but contrary to the principle of cooperation. Euphemisation is studied in China mainly on the basis of the texts of the British-American English language area, and especially those of US politicians., В статье рассматриваются сопоставительные исследования политических эвфемизмов разных языков..

The present study focuses on cultural-historical aspects of the political language of the modern Chinese leader - Deng Xiaoping. Since ancient times, language has been a powerful force, capable of influencing the society, the state and the nation. The urgency of the topic is associated with the growing interest of researchers in the conditions and mechanisms of political communication, and, as a result, the emergence in recent decades of a new scientific domain - polit-ical linguistics. The most promising areas of modern science emerge at the points where different areas of knowledge overlap each other., В статье рассматриваются особенности политического языка современного китайского лидера - Дэн Сяопина.

The aim of the given study consists in exploring the techniques of translation of the texts of Russian dip-lomatic discourse into Arabic. Full texts of speeches, speech transcripts and opening remarks of the Minister of Foreign Af-fairs of the Russian Federation S. V. Lavrov published on the site of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 2004 to 2018 and the available translations of these texts into Arabic served as material of analysis. The paper also analyzes the quotations from S.V. Lavrov’s speeches translated into Arabic and published on other Arabic sites., В статье рассматриваются приемы перевода текстов русского дипломатического дискурса на арабский язык. Материалом исследования послужили тексты выступлений, стенограмм выступлений и вступительные слова министра иностранных дел России С. В. Лаврова.

This article covers different ways of creating text expressivity in political speeches. Expressivity in lan-guage and speech is created with the help of such components as emotionality, evaluation, imagery, intensity, stylistic color-ing, and structural composition of the text. There are different points of view on the content components of expressivity. Thus the aim of this study is to distinguish between emotional and expressive units of language. Words of emotional vocabulary express emotions which make speech expressive. Expressive coloring may be present in various words which do not only denote emotions but also describe will power., В данной статье подробно рассматриваются механизмы создания экспрессивности в тексте.

The study is devoted to the problem of efficiency of business communication, and specifically, to the anal-ysis of factors and risks leading to communicative failures in political discourse. The paper considers theoretical approaches to the definition of a "communicative failure", as well as linguistic and extralinguistic factors that lead to it. The authors have analyzed public speeches of politicians, which resulted in misunderstanding between the speaker and their audience, negative assessment of professional competence of the politician and their public rating decrease among the population, and, in some cases, the end of their political career. The comments of users to video speeches of politicians have been studied, on the basis of which the conclusion about the reaction of the population to speech failures was made. On the basis of the results of the given analysis, the authors suggest a classification of the causes of communicative failures which include the unjusti-fied use of vocabulary of lower style, the switch to slangy style of communication, pleonasms, and lexical and orthoepic er-rors., Статья посвящена проблеме эффективности деловой коммуникации, ведущей к коммуникативным неудачам в политическом дискурсе.

The article analyzes public communication of a well-known Russian public and political figure, ex-Mayor of Ekaterinburg (2013-2018) Eu. V. Roizman. We understand an individual discourse of a politi­cian as a fragment of the national political discourse, which is characterized through the prism of current trends in the development of public communication. One of the trends is the interrelation of political and entertainment discourse in the media, which manifests itself among other things in the active use by pol­iticians and journalists of all kinds of comic tools. In this paper the comic is considered as a linguistic and pragmatic category with a certain semantic content, and a system of means and mechanisms of expression; the means of the comic are expected to provide a certain impact on the recipient of the political text. They vary in the terms of originality and pragmatic functions, and when incorporating into the political discourse they manifest themselves in the individual style of politicians, public figures and journalists in very different ways.The purpos., Статья посвящена анализу публичной речевой практики мэра Екатеринбурга Е. В. Ройзмана.

The article deals with the issue of differentiation of speech aggression by the degree of its intensity. It demonstrates the fact that not all varieties of speech / language aggression differing in the degree of emotional tonality are reflected and terminologically denoted in the studies devoted to this phenomenon, and specifically in the definitions suggest-ed by different authors. The author considers such type of speech aggression which represents the extreme degree of negative emotionality and is characterized by hatred towards the object of evaluation and the desire for their physical and / or moral destruction., В статье рассматривается разновидность речевой агрессии, которая представляет крайний, экстремальный случай негативной эмоциональности и характеризуется ненавистью к объекту оценивания и желанием его уничтожить. Для обозначения этого феномена предлагается термин "лингвонекрофилия".

The article is devoted to the description of the specific character of realization of the tactics of creation of "a brighter future" in the electoral programs of the parties and the candidates representing them in the elections of the Gov-ernor of Kemerovo Oblast in 2018. Over the period under study, the development of the programs of the candidates around the pivotal point - the image of Kuzbass - became a peculiar feature of the regional pre-election discourse: the strategies of self-presentation and discreditation of ideological competitors were significantly smaller in quantity than the strategy of prediction focused on creation of a positive image of the region., Статья посвящена описанию специфики реализации тактики создания "светлого будущего" в предвыборных программах кандидатов, участвовавших в выборах губернатора Кемеровской области в 2018 году.

The image of any politician, and specifically V. V. Putin, is considerably influenced by public speeches, due to which they attract the attention of linguists. The article interprets political discourse as a set of speech acts of a politician or genre. Such wide scale media events of 2008-2018 as Presidential Hotline, Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly, large annual press-conferences for international and domestic mass media, as well as "Talk with Vladimir Putin", served as material for the given study. The author highlights the stability of the main features of the politician's rhetoric irrespective of his official position (President or Head of Government). The Presidential Hotline became the main venue of presenting his views to the public at large - a new genre of the Russian political discourse introduced by V. V. Putin. Spatial linguocultural concepts occupy an especially important place in V. V. Putin's speeches, and the general name of the country - Russia - takes the lead., Статья посвящена изучению языковой личности политика на материале публичных выступлений В. В. Путина.

The paper contains information about special units of analysis for studying latent suggestive resources of political texts. Due to the absence of linguistic manifestations, the deep inner text forms cannot be decoded via traditional linguistic and psychological methods. The algorithm of the approach to the "word power" measurement is oriented towards evaluation of the analysis units' applicability to serve as tools for measuring and comparing indicators and assessing the impact of language models. Much attention in the article is paid to the practical analysis of linguistic phenomena. Texts of different suggestive potential are considered by means of various analytical units including patterns of rhythmic brain activi-ty, indicators of the load upon the categories characterizing emotional-evaluative features, dominant associative colors of verbal models, and ranking of the affective ratio indices. The author also suggests using the idea of visualization of general-ized coloring images of texts as an analytical tool and describes the algorithm of visualization. To illustrate this, the article provides fragments of analysis of texts created by the politicians of the past who found themselves in complicated stressful situations due to life circumstances. These are the texts written by L.P. Beria, N.I. Bukharin and other political leaders. Prayer texts are used as model texts demonstrating the positive impact of verbal models, with which the texts of certain au-thors are compared. The linguistic phenomena are analyzed via eight computer programs, five of which have been developed with direct participation of the author of the article., В статье рассматриваются суггестивные ресурсы политических текстов.

The paper considers the issue of interference of the national linguoculture of the target language in English and Russian translations of the texts of the Chinese political discourse on the basis of comparative analysis from the culturological point of view. The research was carries out on the material of the report of the general secretary of the Central Committee of the CPC, the president of the PRC Xi Jinping at the 19th National Congress of the CPC and its official translations. The paper studies the differences between the two translation discourses from three aspects: 1) "understatement" / "overstatement" (the importance of implicitness and reserve for the English linguoculture and emotionality for the Russian one; it is manifested on the material under study in reduced national pathos in the English translation); 2) political correctness (the tendency to avoid linguistic units likely to hurt the feelings of certain people typical of the European culture; it is manifested on the material under study in euphemisation of some notions in the English translation: some nominations of people characterizing them via age or physical ability, such as "old" and "invalid", are considered insulting and are substituted for, and the components hinting at discrimination on the basis of property qualification, dividing the people into "poor" and "rich" are dropped in the English translation altogether); 3) reference to rationalism (orientation of the Russian mentality towards intuition and feelings, and of the English one - towards pragmatism are manifested in the intertextual translation equivalents "dukhovniy (spiritual)" / mindset, intellectual, moral, ethical, "sud'ba (fate)" / future). The results of the study have demonstrated that the Russian translation reflects the modality of the Chinese original better due to the similarity between the Russian and Chinese cultures in the three aspects mentioned abov., В статье на примере Доклада Си Цзиньпина на XIX Всекитайском съезде КПК рассматриваются различия между английским и русским переводческим дискурсом.

В статье рассматривается актуализация феномена речевой агрессии в современной политической коммуникации., The article deals with the actualization of the phenomenon of aggressive conflict behavior not only in the modern subcultural and countercultural communication but also in the mainstream one. It investigates the essence of verbal aggression as a multi-level phenomenon with ambivalent interpretations in modern science. Various forms of manifestation of verbal aggression in political communication are analyzed, and the interrelation between the specific features of the communicative situation and the behavior of its participants is determined. Verbal aggression is considered as a linguistic, psychological and legal category, which allows one to study the behavioral patterns of communication participants from different positions and establish a wide range of reasons for the spread of destructive patterns in modern communication. The essential characteristics of verbal aggression are classified according to different criteria. Stating, provoking and manipulative types of verbal aggression are distinguished with reference to the target settings.

The article undertakes a linguistic analysis of the texts of the German Bundestag plenary meeting transcripts with a view to identify linguocultural specificity of the modern German political discourse. It highlights the genre peculiarities of parliamentary debates and specifies the concept of institutionality as the main feature of the German parliamentary discourse. The authors study speech and language strategies and tactics of German deputies. The peculiarities of explicit and implicit recipient in the parliamentary communication are described. The study reveals the dependence of the speaker's choice of speech strategy and tactics on the factor of target audience and discovers cooperative and confronting tendencies in the verbal behavior of German politicians at the Bundestag sittings., В статье проводится лингвистический анализ текстов протоколов пленарных заседаний немецкого Бундестага с целью выявления лингвокультурной специфики современного немецкого политического дискурса.

The article presents such a form of political discourse as "digital demagoguery". Digital demagoguery is a modern tool of influence needed for the implementation of internal and international policy in modern political communi-cations. At the same time, it seriously discredits the modern political landscape, as the language and style of communication offered to users turn out to be overloaded with entertaining, comic and demagogic elements, which, on the one hand, attracts the attention of the addressee/elector, and, on the other hand, undermines their trust. The scope of the given study covers digital demagoguery, which is considered a discrediting factor in political discourse. The urgency of research is associated with the increasing role and demand for the digital space, which has become a new public platform for political strug-gle/game and an important channel for self-expression and self-differentiation for politicians. The aim of the research is to actualize a new form of political discourse of "digital demagoguery" in the context of the mediatization of political practices and the formation of a new rhetorical culture. The task of the study is to understand why electronic communication resources influence political rhetoric and why digital demagogy has become one of the most powerful means of achieving the goal for modern politicians, a real tool of manipulation used to legitimize political decisions. The theoretical basis of the study is formed by the works in the theory of political discourse and linguoculturology. Some conclusions and results of the study can contribute to a more comprehensive view on political discourse in the context of modernization of communication means, as well as transformation and intensification of political communications in Internet space., Целью данной статьи является актуализация феномена цифровой демагогии, который рассматривается как фактор дискредитации политического и дипломатического дискурсов.

В статье на материале инаугурационных речей российских президентов рассматривается репрезентация образа автора, воплощенная в тексте его политических интенций.

The article deals with linguistic means of formation of the image of a patriot in public speeches of mod-ern American politicians (D. Trump, J. Biden, B. Obama)., Статья посвящена исследованию языковых средств формирования образа патриота в публичных выступлениях американских политических деятелей (Д. Трампа, Д. Байдена, Б. Обамы).