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多胎妊娠は単胎妊娠に比べ母体ならびに児への影響も大きく，出産後も双子の約70％，三つ子の約96％が低出生体重児として生まれている。さらに，障がい児の発生率も単胎児に比べ高いなど，多胎児家庭にはさまざまな問題が生じやすい。本稿では，多胎児家庭の育児問題を概説し，現在開発中の多胎育児支援プログラムについて報告する。

新潟県南西部に位置するA市（人口約3万人）の17保育園から無作為に5保育園を選び，そこに通う4歳児200人を対象に，体位（身長，体重，胸囲，腹囲，臀囲，上腕囲，大腿囲，下腿囲），基礎運動能力（20m走，ボール投げ，連続片足とび，立幅跳び，熊あるき）および除脂肪体重の年間発育・発達量を算出し，それらの値を基に体位，基礎運動能力，除脂肪体重の相互関連について分析，検討を加え，発育・発達の著しい幼児期後半における健康的な体育指導の基礎資料を得ようとした。, We calculated the annual quantity of growth-development for physique (height, weight, the girth of chest, waist, hip, upper arm, thigh, shin), the fundamental capacity for locomotions (20m-dash, ball throwing, one foot hopping, standing long jumping, four leg running) and the value of L. B. M. on 200 pre-school children (4 years old). The results were summarized as follows ; 1) The annual quantity of growth for body fat% decreased slightly with aging but the value of L. B. M. increased with aging. 2) The annual quantity of growth for body fat% showed tendency to become less related with much of growth for weight in boys and girls. 3) The annual quantity of growth for the girth of hip, upper arm and shin showed tendency to become larger related with much of the value of L. B. M. in the 4 years old boys. But in the 4.5 years old boys that of growth showed tendency to become less related with much of the value of L. B. M.. 4) The relation between the annual quantity of growth for the value of L. B. M. and the girth was little in girls. 5) The relation between the annual quantity of growth for the girth and that of development of the fundamental capacity for locomotions showed various cases by age and sex. 6) Development of the fundamental capacity for locomotions depended on development of the nerve at the same level of dependence on development of the muscles.

Spot 35 protein is a cerebellar soluble protein with Mr. 27K daltons and pI 5.3, which localizes in Purkinje cells. In order to understand the development of cerebellum at molecular level, it is necessary to reveal the mechanism controlling the biosynthesis of spot 35 protein. Here I examined the developmental and regional changes of mRNA levels for spot 35 protein in rat brain, by using in vitro translation system and dot-blot hybridization with spot 35 protein cDNA as a probe. Dot-blot hybridization analysis revealed that the mRNA in rat cerebellum rapidly increased during postnatal 10-20days and attained a-plateau level after 20days. This result was in agreement with the data of analysis or mRNA level for spot 35 protein by means of in vitro translation system containing rat cerebellar mRNA. The data on spot 35 protein mRNA correlate with the result of immunohistochemical examination using anti-spot 35 protein antiserum. Further, the regions except cerebellum in rat brain contained only negligible Spot 35 protein mRNA. These results suggest a transcriptional control of the concentration of spot 35 protein in developing cerebellum and an intensive expression of its gene in cerebellum.