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Patients treated with antineoplastic therapy often develop thrombocytopenia requiring platelet transfusion, which has potential to exacerbate pulmonary injury. This study tested the hypothesis that amotosalen-UVA pathogen-reduced platelet components (PRPCs) do not potentiate pulmonary dysfunction compared with conventional platelet components (CPCs). A prospective, multicenter, open-label, sequential cohort study evaluated the incidence of treatment-emergent assisted mechanical ventilation initiated for pulmonary dysfunction (TEAMV-PD). The first cohort received CPC. After the CPC cohort, each site enrolled a second cohort transfused with PRPC. Other outcomes included clinically significant pulmonary adverse events (CSPAE) and the incidence of treatment-emergent acute respiratory distress syndrome (TEARDS) diagnosed by blinded expert adjudication. The incidence of TEAMV-PD in all patients (1068 PRPC and 1223 CPC) was less for PRPC (1.7 %) than CPC (3.1%) with a treatment difference of -1.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], -2.7 to -0.2). In patients requiring ≥2 PCs, the incidence of TEAMV-PD was reduced for PRPC recipients compared with CPC recipients (treatment difference, -2.4%; 95% CI, -4.2 to -0.6). CSPAE increased with increasing PC exposure but were not significantly different between the cohorts. For patients receiving ≥2 platelet transfusions, TEARDS occurred in 1.3% PRPC and 2.6% CPC recipients (P = .086). Bayesian analysis demonstrated PRPC may be superior in reducing TEAMV-PD and TEARDS for platelet transfusion recipients compared with CPC recipients, with 99.2% and 88.8% probability, respectively. In this study, PRPC compared with CPC demonstrated high probability of reduced severe pulmonary injury requiring assisted mechanical ventilation in patients with hematology disorders dependent on platelet transfusion. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT02549222. more...

Knowledge of post-larval swordfish (Xiphias gladius) ecology in the world’s oceans is incomplete as they are rarely found in ichthyoplankton samplings or commercial catches and individuals are difficult to observe in the marine ecosystem. Analyses of stomach contents of apex predators can provide otherwise unobtainable ecological insights. Two well-preserved bills of post-larval swordfish were identified among the partially digested stomach contents of an adult male dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) caught in the northern Tyrrhenian Sea. The lower jaw to fork lengths of the two predated swordfish were estimated at respectively, 18 and 22 cm, corresponding to 81- and 99-day-old swordfish hatched in the 2022 spawning season. This analysis and recent information on the reproductive dynamics of swordfish in the same area reported in the literature shed light not only on the early stages of swordfish growth but also on dolphinfish ecology in the Tyrrhenian Sea. The two species share the same habitat and are both caught with commercial pelagic surface longlines. Environmental shifts associated with climate change could unpredictably modify the reproduction dynamics, growth, recruitment and distribution of both species. This knowledge is important for the sustainable management of regional fisheries. more...

Fisheries can have profound impacts on co-occurring species exposed to incidental capture, particularly those with life history traits that make them vulnerable to elevated mortality levels. Fisheries spatial management holds substantial potential to balance socioeconomic benefits and costs to threatened bycatch species. This study analyzed observer program data for a western Pacific Ocean tuna purse seine fishery to estimate the effect of the spatial and temporal distribution of fishing on catch rates of target and at-risk species by fitting spatially-explicit generalised additive multilevel regression models within a Bayesian inference framework. Mean field prediction surfaces defined catch rate hotspots for principal market tunas, silky sharks, rays and whale sharks, informing the development of candidate area-based management strategies. Due to sample size limitations, odontocete and marine turtle catch geospatial patterns were summarized using 2D hexagonal binning of mean catch rates. Effort could be focused in two areas within core fishing grounds in the Solomon and Bismark Seas to reduce overlap with hotspots for silky sharks, rays and whale sharks without affecting target catch. Effort could also be shifted outside of core fishing grounds to zones with higher target tuna catch rates that would also reduce overlap with hotspots for at-risk species. However, two tuna warmspots overlapped silky and whale shark warmspots. Sparse and small marine turtle and whale shark hotspots occurred across the fishing grounds. Research on the economic and operational viability of alternative spatial management strategies is a priority. A small subset of sets had disproportionately large odontocete captures. Real time fleet communication and move-on rules and avoiding sets on dolphin schools might reduce odontocete catch rates. Management of informative operational predictors such as set association type and mesh size present additional opportunities to balance catch rates of more...

We analyze the magnetic evolution of solar active region (AR) NOAA 11476 that, between 9 and 10 May 2012, produced a series of surge-type eruptions accompanied by GOES X-ray class M flares. Using force-free models of the AR coronal structure and observations in several wavelengths, in previous works we studied the detailed evolution of those eruptions, relating them to the characteristic magnetic topology of the AR and reconstructing the involved reconnection scheme. We found that the eruptions were due to the ejection of minifilaments, which were recurrently ejected and reformed at the polarity inversion line of a bipole that emerged in the middle of the positive main AR magnetic polarity. The bipole was observed to rotate for several tens of hours before the events. In this article we analyze, for the full AR and the rotating bipole, the evolution of a series of magnetic parameters computed using the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) vector magnetograms. We combine this analysis with estimations of the injection of magnetic energy and helicity obtained using the Differential Affine Velocity Estimator for Vector Magnetograms (DAVE4VM) method that determines, from vector magnetograms, the affine velocity field constrained by the induction equation. From our results, we conclude that the bipole rotation was the main driver that provided the magnetic energy and helicity involved in the minifilament destabilizations and ejections. The results also suggest that the observed rotation is probably due to the emergence of a kinked magnetic flux rope with negative writhe helicity., Comment: Accepted for publication in Solar Physics more...

Tumor adaptation or selection is thought to underlie therapy resistance in glioma. To investigate longitudinal epigenetic evolution of gliomas in response to therapeutic pressure, we performed an epigenomic analysis of 132 matched initial and recurrent tumors from patients with IDH-wildtype (IDHwt) and IDH-mutant (IDHmut) glioma. IDHwt gliomas showed a stable epigenome over time with relatively low levels of global methylation. The epigenome of IDHmut gliomas showed initial high levels of genome-wide DNA methylation that was progressively reduced to levels similar to those of IDHwt tumors. Integration of epigenomics, gene expression, and functional genomics identified HOXD13 as a master regulator of IDHmut astrocytoma evolution. Furthermore, relapse of IDHmut tumors was accompanied by histologic progression that was associated with survival, as validated in an independent cohort. Finally, the initial cell composition of the tumor microenvironment varied between IDHwt and IDHmut tumors and changed differentially following treatment, suggesting increased neoangiogenesis and T-cell infiltration upon treatment of IDHmut gliomas. This study provides one of the largest cohorts of paired longitudinal glioma samples with epigenomic, transcriptomic, and genomic profiling and suggests that treatment of IDHmut glioma is associated with epigenomic evolution toward an IDHwt-like phenotype. more...

Few studies have investigated the experience of male carers of people with dementia and fewer specifically examined whether male and female carers of people with dementia differ in their approach to the caring role. As such, this research set-out to investigate whether male carers of people with dementia approach the caring role differently to female carers. Data from 167 survey participants (24 males and 143 females) were analysed using a mixed research methodology. Participants’ demographics and scores on standardised burden and coping scales were analysed using linear regression. Participants’ written responses to open-ended questions were analysed using thematic analysis anchored in theories of hegemonic masculinity. No significant gender differences were identified in carers’ coping strategies or self-reported carer burden. However, qualitative analysis revealed strong thematic gender differences like: gendered barriers to help-seeking; gendered service preference; gendered considerations about residential care; gendered expression of burden; and themes of the absent son and exhausted daughter. This research identified that male carers of people with dementia approach help-seeking differently to female carers, typically focusing on addressing functional tasks and refraining from showing emotions, this despite reporting similar carer burden. Rapport building with male carers should start with conversations around functional issues rather than assessing the emotional impact of the caring role. The findings reinforce the need for more qualitative research into the unmet needs of male carers of people with dementia, to inform the design of male-friendly interventions which could facilitate timely access to services by male carers. more...

PURPOSE: While the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign is highly specific for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant, 1p/19q-noncodeleted astrocytomas among lower-grade gliomas, its utility in WHO grade 4 gliomas is not well-studied. We derived the partial T2-FLAIR mismatch sign as an imaging biomarker for IDH mutation in WHO grade 4 gliomas. METHODS: Preoperative MRI scans of adult WHO grade 4 glioma patients (n = 2165) from the multi-institutional ReSPOND (Radiomics Signatures for PrecisiON Diagnostics) consortium were analyzed. Diagnostic performance of the partial T2-FLAIR mismatch sign was evaluated. Subset analyses were performed to assess associations of imaging markers with overall survival (OS). RESULTS: One hundred twenty-one (5.6%) of 2165 grade 4 gliomas were IDH-mutant. Partial T2-FLAIR mismatch was present in 40 (1.8%) cases, 32 of which were IDH-mutant, yielding 26.4% sensitivity, 99.6% specificity, 80.0% positive predictive value, and 95.8% negative predictive value. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated IDH mutation was significantly associated with partial T2-FLAIR mismatch (odds ratio [OR] 5.715, 95% CI [1.896, 17.221], p = 0.002), younger age (OR 0.911 [0.895, 0.927], p < 0.001), tumor centered in frontal lobe (OR 3.842, [2.361, 6.251], p < 0.001), absence of multicentricity (OR 0.173, [0.049, 0.612], p = 0.007), and presence of cystic (OR 6.596, [3.023, 14.391], p < 0.001) or non-enhancing solid components (OR 6.069, [3.371, 10.928], p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated cystic components (p = 0.024) and non-enhancing solid components (p = 0.003) were associated with longer OS, while older age (p < 0.001), frontal lobe center (p = 0.008), multifocality (p < 0.001), and multicentricity (p < 0.001) were associated with shorter OS. CONCLUSION: Partial T2-FLAIR mismatch sign is highly specific for IDH mutation in WHO grade 4 gliomas. more...

Sagittal otolith shape analysis is one of the most widespread techniques worldwide to discriminate fish stock units, as this proxy integrates both environmental and genetic factors. All previous otolith shape studies have been carried out using two-dimensional (2D) images, a partial representation of the whole shape of the otolith. However, prior to the identification of stock unit boundaries, the influence of other potential drivers controlling the otolith shape must be analysed to limit their bias. In this study, the presence of asymmetry in otolith shape depending on the inner ear side (i.e., left versus right inner ears) was tested by comparing the approaches of 2D and three-dimensional (3D) sagittal otolith shape analyses. Eighty-two red mullet adults (Mullus barbatus) from three locations in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea were studied. Fourier harmonic descriptors computed from 2D outlines and spherical harmonic descriptors computed from 3D meshes were used to evaluate otolith shape variation. The results of a multivariate mixed-effects model from 2D images showed that there was no asymmetry effect of inner ear side on the otolith shape in any location. There was, however, a significant geographical effect for the 2D otolith shape between the Adriatic Sea and the Levantine Sea. In contrast, 3D information showed that both side effects and geographical differences were significant. This is the first study comparing 2D and 3D data showing different results on the same sample of red mullet. These results demonstrate the importance of 3D otolith shape analysis for stock discrimination. more...

Substantial global population declines in pelagic sharks have led to the introduction of management and conservation measures, including gear restrictions and no-retention policies, to curb declines and encourage stock recovery. As the rate of discarding sharks increases, there is a growing need to understand prognostic factors that influence their post-release survival (PRS) outcomes. PRS was measured with survival pop-up satellite archival tags attached to shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) and silky sharks (Carcharhinus falciformis) released or discarded from pelagic tuna longline fishing vessels operating in the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission Convention Area. In total, 117 tags were deployed on 60 mako and 57 silky sharks captured as bycatch during commercial pelagic longline fishing trips in New Zealand (n = 35), Fiji (n = 58), New Caledonia (n = 10) and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (n = 14). Mako engaged in long-distance movements between New Zealand, Australia, Fiji and New Caledonia, while silky sharks tagged in the Marshall Islands showed evidence of seasonal movements eastward. PRS was determined for 110 sharks (57 mako, 53 silky sharks). Most tagged sharks of both species were uninjured (89%) at capture and most sharks (88%) survived post-release until tag loss or the programmed pop-up date (60 days). However, when considering a complete fishing interaction (haulback, handling, release), PRS estimates were markedly reduced to 48.6% and 52.3% for mako and silky sharks, respectively. For both species, survivorship was greater in large (>150 cm fork length) uninjured sharks and sharks released with low shark length to trailing branchline ratios. While these findings suggest that retention bans offer sharks an increased chance of survival, continued efforts should be made to improve handling and release practices, reduce trailing gear and minimize pelagic shark bycatch. more...

The French coast of the Eastern English Channel (ECC) is classified as potential eutrophication zone by the Paris and Oslo Convention (OSPAR), and as moderate to poor according to phytoplankton quality element of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Indeed, the French part of the EEC is regularly affected by Phaeocystis globosa bloom events, which have detrimental effects on the marine ecosystem, economy as well as public health. Since phytoplankton is an important indicator of water quality, the MAREL Carnot oceanographic multi-sensor station was installed in the Eastern English Channel at the Carnot wall in Boulogne sur Mer in 2004 to monitor water quality and phytoplankton in order to complement results from existing more conventional low resolution monitoring programs, with high frequency data (sampling every 20 minutes). The purpose of this paper is to introduce the MAREL Carnot dataset and show how it can be used for several research objectives. MAREL Carnot collects high frequency, multi-parameter observations from surface water, as well as meteorological measurements, and send data almost immediately to an inshore data center. In this paper, we present several physiochemical and biological parameters measured by this station. In addition, we demonstrated, based on previous research activities, that the MAREL Carnot dataset is useful for evaluating environmental or ecological statuses, marine phytoplankton ecology, physical oceanography, turbulence, as well as public policy. Most importantly, we showed its contribution to Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and other regional or universal conventions. more...

The blue shark Prionace glauca is a top predator with one of the widest geographical distributions of any shark species. It is classified as Critically Endangered in the Mediterranean Sea, and Near Threatened globally. Previous genetic studies did not reject the null hypothesis of a single global population. The blue shark was proposed as a possible archetype of the “grey zone of population differentiation,” coined to designate cases where population structure may be too recent or too faint to be detected using a limited set of markers. Here, blue shark samples collected throughout its global range were sequenced using a specific RAD method (DArTseq), which recovered 37,655 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Two main groups emerged, with Mediterranean Sea and northern Atlantic samples (Northern population) differentiated significantly from the Indo-west Pacific samples (Southern population). Significant pairwise FST values indicated further genetic differentiation within the Atlantic Ocean, and between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Reconstruction of recent demographic history suggested divergence between Northern and Southern populations occurred about 500 generations ago and revealed a drastic reduction in effective population size from a large ancestral population. Our results illustrate the power of genome scans to detect population structure and reconstruct demographic history in highly migratory marine species. Given that the management plans of the blue shark (targeted or bycatch) fisheries currently assume panmictic regional stocks, we strongly recommend that the results presented here be considered in future stock assessments and conservation strategies. more...

We investigate inflation driven by the Higgs boson in the Palatini formulation of General Relativity. Our analysis primarily focuses on a small non-minimal coupling of the Higgs field to gravity in the range $0<\xi\lesssim 1$. We incorporate the renormalization group running of the relevant parameters as computed within the Standard Model and allow for small corrections. In addition to $\xi$, our model features two tunable parameters: the low-energy value of the top Yukawa coupling and an effective jump of the Higgs self-interaction. Our results indicate that critical points leading to a large enhancement of the power spectrum can be produced. However, the observed amplitude of perturbations in the CMB cannot be matched within this setting. On the one hand, this makes it difficult to generate a sizable abundance of primordial black holes. On the other hand, our finding can be viewed as further evidence that Palatini Higgs inflation has favourable high-energy properties due to robustness against quantum corrections., Comment: 42 pages, 11 figures, 1 appendix more...

L’otolithe est une structure calcifiée présente dans l’oreille interne des poissons. L'analyse de la forme de l'otolithe est l'une des techniques les plus répandues dans le monde pour distinguer les unités de stock de poissons, car elle intègre à la fois des facteurs environnementaux et génétiques. Toutes les études précédentes sur la forme de l'otolithe ont été réalisées à l'aide d'images bidimensionnelles (2D), une représentation partielle de la forme totale de l'otolithe. Avant d'identifier les limites des unités de stock, l'influence d'autres facteurs potentiels contrôlant la forme de l'otolithe doit être analysée afin de limiter leur biais. Dans cette étude, la présence d'une asymétrie dans la forme de l'otolithe en fonction du côté de l'oreille interne (c'est-à-dire l'oreille interne gauche par rapport à l'oreille interne droite) a été testée sur le rouget barbet de vase (Mullus barbartus) provenant de la mer Méditerranée ; en comparant les approches des analyses de la forme de l'otolithe en 2D et en trois dimensions (3D). Les résultats montrent que les images 3D peuvent détecter des différences significatives là où les images 2D ne les détecte pas. more...

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In the inner courtyard of Belvoir Castle, the excavation uncovered structures that predate the monumental building. It is a stone house with two rooms fitted with benches and a paved floor. This primitive building can be compared to the remains of the rural settlement sold by the Frank Ives Velos to the Hospitallers in 1168. more...

The Copernicus Sentinel-3 Surface Topography Mission (STM) Land Altimetry provides valuable surface elevation information over inland waters, sea ice, and land ice, thanks to its synthetic aperture radar (SAR) altimeter and its orbit that covers high-latitude polar regions. To ensure that these measurements are reliable and to maximise the return on investment, adequate validation of the geophysical retrieval methods, processing algorithms, and corrections must be performed using independent observations. The EU-ESA project St3TART (started July 2021) aims to generalise the concept of Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRMs) for the Copernicus Sentinel-3 STM. This work has gathered existing data, made new observations during field campaigns, and ensured that these observations meet the criteria of FRM standards so that they can be used to validate Sentinel-3 STM Land Altimetry products operationally. A roadmap for the operational provision of the FRM, including the definition, consolidation, and identification of the most relevant and cost-effective methods and protocols to be maintained, supported, or implemented, has been developed. The roadmap includes guidelines for SI traceability, definitions of FRM measurement procedures, processing methods, and uncertainty budget estimations. more...

This report presents results of the monitoring actions in 2020 (on benthic invertebrate communities) in the water bodies of the Seine-Normandie water district., Ce rapport présente les résultats des opérations menées lors de l’année 2020 (contrôle de surveillance des invertébrés benthiques) sur l’ensemble des masses d’eau côtières, de transition et des sites d’appui rattachées au district Seine-Normandie. more...

This report presents results of the monitoring actions in 2021 (on benthic invertebrate communities) in the water bodies of the Seine-Normandie water district., Ce rapport présente les résultats des opérations menées lors de l’année 2021 (contrôle de surveillance des invertébrés benthiques) sur l’ensemble des masses d’eau côtières, de transition et des sites d’appui rattachées au district Seine-Normandie. more...

Otolith shape analysis is commonly used in fisheries sciences to validate the relationship with fish length, to discriminate between stock units of fish, and to identify fish species from archeological data or stomach contents. However, all otolith studies have used two-dimensional (2D) images, a partial representation of the whole shape of the otolith. This study presents a comparative analysis of 2D and three-dimensional (3D) otolith shape data for many commercial species (flatfish: Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis, Scophthalmus maximus, Scophthalmus rhombus, Solea solea, Limanda limanda, Microstomus kitt, Platichthys flesus, Pleuronectes platessa and roundfish: Clupea harengus, Sardina pilchardus, Sprattus sprattus, Engraulis encrasicolus, Gadus morhua, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, Merlangius merlangus, Trisopterus luscus, Mullus surmuletus, Eutrigla gurnardus, Chelidonichthys cuculus, Chelidonichthys lucerna, Trachurus trachurus, Zeus faber) in the Eastern English Channel and the North Sea. 2D otolith images were made with an optical scanner, and 3D otolith images with an X-ray microtomograph. For each species, several specimens were selected from the complete size range. Otolith shape was assessed by analyzing several descriptors from 2D and 3D images from the otolith size parameters (Length, Width, Perimeter, Area and Volume). The relationship between fish length and otolith shape parameters are not the same within species and/or among species for 2D versus 3D data. Moreover, the relationship between 2D otolith size parameters and 3D otolith parameters are different among species. These results demonstrate the importance of 3D otolith shape analysis. In the future, the number of studies using otolith shape analysis in three dimensions must be increased strongly to validate previous studies on 2D images. more...

This report presents results of the monitoring actions in 2019 (on benthic invertebrate communities) in the water bodies of the Seine-Normandie water district., Ce rapport présente les résultats des opérations menées lors de l’année 2019 (contrôle de surveillance des invertébrés benthiques) sur l’ensemble des masses d’eau côtières, de transition et des sites d’appui rattachées au district Seine-Normandie. more...

L’otolithe est une structure calcifiée présente dans l’oreille interne des poissons. L'analyse de la forme de l'otolithe est l'une des techniques les plus répandues dans le monde pour distinguer les unités de stock de poissons, car elle intègre à la fois des facteurs environnementaux et génétiques. Toutes les études précédentes sur la forme de l'otolithe ont été réalisées à l'aide d'images bidimensionnelles (2D), une représentation partielle de la forme totale de l'otolithe. Avant d'identifier les limites des unités de stock, l'influence d'autres facteurs potentiels contrôlant la forme de l'otolithe doit être analysée afin de limiter leur biais. Dans cette étude, la présence d'une asymétrie dans la forme de l'otolithe en fonction du côté de l'oreille interne (c'est-à-dire l'oreille interne gauche par rapport à l'oreille interne droite) a été testée sur le rouget barbet de vase (Mullus barbartus) provenant de la mer Méditerranée ; en comparant les approches des analyses de la forme de l'otolithe en 2D et en trois dimensions (3D). Les résultats montrent que les images 3D peuvent détecter des différences significatives là où les images 2D ne les détecte pas. more...

Sagittal otolith shape analysis is one of the most widespread techniques worldwide to discriminate fish stock units, as this proxy integrates both environmental and genetic factors. All previous otolith shape studies have been carried out using two-dimensional (2D) images, a partial representation of the whole shape of the otolith. However, prior to the identification of stock unit boundaries, the influence of other potential drivers controlling the otolith shape must be analysed to limit their bias. In this study, the presence of asymmetry in otolith shape depending on the inner ear side (i.e., left versus right inner ears) was tested by comparing the approaches of 2D and three-dimensional (3D) sagittal otolith shape analyses. Eighty-two red mullet adults (Mullus barbatus) from three locations in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea were studied. Fourier harmonic descriptors computed from 2D outlines and spherical harmonic descriptors computed from 3D meshes were used to evaluate otolith shape variation. The results of a multivariate mixed-effects model from 2D images showed that there was no asymmetry effect of inner ear side on the otolith shape in any location. There was, however, a significant geographical effect for the 2D otolith shape between the Adriatic Sea and the Levantine Sea. In contrast, 3D information showed that both side effects and geographical differences were significant. This is the first study comparing 2D and 3D data showing different results on the same sample of red mullet. These results demonstrate the importance of 3D otolith shape analysis for stock discrimination. more...

Substantial global population declines in pelagic sharks have led to the introduction of management and conservation measures, including gear restrictions and no-retention policies, to curb declines and encourage stock recovery. As the rate of discarding sharks increases, there is a growing need to understand prognostic factors that influence their post-release survival (PRS) outcomes. PRS was measured with survival pop-up satellite archival tags attached to shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) and silky sharks (Carcharhinus falciformis) released or discarded from pelagic tuna longline fishing vessels operating in the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission Convention Area. In total, 117 tags were deployed on 60 mako and 57 silky sharks captured as bycatch during commercial pelagic longline fishing trips in New Zealand (n = 35), Fiji (n = 58), New Caledonia (n = 10) and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (n = 14). Mako engaged in long-distance movements between New Zealand, Australia, Fiji and New Caledonia, while silky sharks tagged in the Marshall Islands showed evidence of seasonal movements eastward. PRS was determined for 110 sharks (57 mako, 53 silky sharks). Most tagged sharks of both species were uninjured (89%) at capture and most sharks (88%) survived post-release until tag loss or the programmed pop-up date (60 days). However, when considering a complete fishing interaction (haulback, handling, release), PRS estimates were markedly reduced to 48.6% and 52.3% for mako and silky sharks, respectively. For both species, survivorship was greater in large (>150 cm fork length) uninjured sharks and sharks released with low shark length to trailing branchline ratios. While these findings suggest that retention bans offer sharks an increased chance of survival, continued efforts should be made to improve handling and release practices, reduce trailing gear and minimize pelagic shark bycatch. more...

The French coast of the Eastern English Channel (ECC) is classified as potential eutrophication zone by the Paris and Oslo Convention (OSPAR), and as moderate to poor according to phytoplankton quality element of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Indeed, the French part of the EEC is regularly affected by Phaeocystis globosa bloom events, which have detrimental effects on the marine ecosystem, economy as well as public health. Since phytoplankton is an important indicator of water quality, the MAREL Carnot oceanographic multi-sensor station was installed in the Eastern English Channel at the Carnot wall in Boulogne sur Mer in 2004 to monitor water quality and phytoplankton in order to complement results from existing more conventional low resolution monitoring programs, with high frequency data (sampling every 20 minutes). The purpose of this paper is to introduce the MAREL Carnot dataset and show how it can be used for several research objectives. MAREL Carnot collects high frequency, multi-parameter observations from surface water, as well as meteorological measurements, and send data almost immediately to an inshore data center. In this paper, we present several physiochemical and biological parameters measured by this station. In addition, we demonstrated, based on previous research activities, that the MAREL Carnot dataset is useful for evaluating environmental or ecological statuses, marine phytoplankton ecology, physical oceanography, turbulence, as well as public policy. Most importantly, we showed its contribution to Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and other regional or universal conventions. more...

The blue shark Prionace glauca is a top predator with one of the widest geographical distributions of any shark species. It is classified as Critically Endangered in the Mediterranean Sea, and Near Threatened globally. Previous genetic studies did not reject the null hypothesis of a single global population. The blue shark was proposed as a possible archetype of the “grey zone of population differentiation,” coined to designate cases where population structure may be too recent or too faint to be detected using a limited set of markers. Here, blue shark samples collected throughout its global range were sequenced using a specific RAD method (DArTseq), which recovered 37,655 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Two main groups emerged, with Mediterranean Sea and northern Atlantic samples (Northern population) differentiated significantly from the Indo-west Pacific samples (Southern population). Significant pairwise FST values indicated further genetic differentiation within the Atlantic Ocean, and between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Reconstruction of recent demographic history suggested divergence between Northern and Southern populations occurred about 500 generations ago and revealed a drastic reduction in effective population size from a large ancestral population. Our results illustrate the power of genome scans to detect population structure and reconstruct demographic history in highly migratory marine species. Given that the management plans of the blue shark (targeted or bycatch) fisheries currently assume panmictic regional stocks, we strongly recommend that the results presented here be considered in future stock assessments and conservation strategies. more...

We investigate inflation driven by the Higgs boson in the Palatini formulation of General Relativity. Our analysis primarily focuses on a small non-minimal coupling of the Higgs field to gravity in the range $0<\xi\lesssim 1$. We incorporate the renormalization group running of the relevant parameters as computed within the Standard Model and allow for small corrections. In addition to $\xi$, our model features two tunable parameters: the low-energy value of the top Yukawa coupling and an effective jump of the Higgs self-interaction. Our results indicate that critical points leading to a large enhancement of the power spectrum can be produced. However, the observed amplitude of perturbations in the CMB cannot be matched within this setting. On the one hand, this makes it difficult to generate a sizable abundance of primordial black holes. On the other hand, our finding can be viewed as further evidence that Palatini Higgs inflation has favourable high-energy properties due to robustness against quantum corrections., Comment: 42 pages, 11 figures, 1 appendix more...

In the last few decades, reading the literature, we realized that we Astronomers have a strong preference to undertake very ambitious projects, and search for answers to the most fundamental questions in the history of the entire Universe. After running multiple times into such cardinal quest, the curiosity became no more sustainable and we had to find out. To our greater surprise, in the last few decades we had been restlessly participating to this superhuman endevour. Therefore we hereby explore the roots and grounds of this fundamental search, through the past decades, centuries and millennia., Comment: April fools! more...

Here we report findings regarding the reproductive biology of swordfish Xiphias gladius in Corsican waters in the north-western Mediterranean Sea. We sampled 558 swordfish (72–216 cm; lower jaw to fork length, LJFL) caught from June to September in 2019 and 2020 off Corsica's western and eastern coasts. We assessed swordfish reproductive activity using macroscopic gonad characteristics, trends of gonadal indexes for both sexes, and histological investigation of oocyte developmental stages. Size at first maturity (L50) was estimated at 139.2 ± 2.7 (95% CI) cm LJFL for females using histological techniques and 117 ± 1.7 cm (LJFL) for males using macroscopic criteria, corresponding to 3–4 and 2–3 year old-fish, respectively. Spawning occurred mainly from June to July, with a peak in July, characterized by a high gonadal index and histological and macroscopic evidence of reproductive activity. X. gladius spawning period is of relatively short duration, closely linked to SST, during which the females lay successive batches of eggs at a non-evaluated frequency. Batch fecundity (BF) and relative fecundity (RF) were estimated from five gravid females (135–209 cm LJFL) with unovulated, hydrated oocytes. BF was exponentially related to fish length with a mean BF of 1.94 ± 1.33 (mean ± SD) million hydrated oocytes in females. RF ranged from 22.29 to 37.24 (29.05 ± 5.97; mean ± SD) hydrated oocytes per gram of body weight. Our results improve knowledge regarding the sexual maturity, reproductive period, and spawning areas of swordfish in Corsican waters. These data are essential for the spatiotemporal management of Mediterranean swordfish stocks. We also provide an overview of the available information related to the reproductive biology and dynamics of Mediterranean swordfish and demonstrate the ubiquitous presence of swordfish spawning grounds throughout the Mediterranean Sea. more...

Depuis quelques années, on observe une montée du populisme dans les démocraties occidentales. Divulguant des idéaux qui contrastent radicalement avec les institutions démocratiques actuelles, leur présence pose la question de la manière de s’y adapter. En réponse à cette question, la philosophe belge Chantal Mouffe propose que la gauche politique adopte elle aussi une stratégie populiste dont le but serait de radicaliser la démocratie. Toutefois, son projet se heurte à plusieurs critiques qui dénoncent un potentiel versant autoritaire dans le discours populiste. Dans ce mémoire, nous partons de cette situation et cherchons à comprendre à quelles conditions le populisme peut être compatible avec la démocratie. Suivant le cadre théorique du post-marxisme développé par Mouffe et Ernesto Laclau depuis les années 1980, nous défendons l’idée que le populisme peut être compatible avec la démocratie sous trois conditions faisant chacune l’objet d’un chapitre : 1) à condition d’envisager le populisme et la démocratie dans une perspective antiessentialiste ; 2) à condition de concevoir la démocratie dans une perspective agonistique ; et 3) à condition que le populisme vise une profonde transformation des institutions démocratiques de manière à y inclure une plus grande possibilité participative. Nous terminons en répondant à quelques critiques, notamment celles de Seyla Benhabib, Didier Fassin et Jan-Werner Müller et ouvrons sur une piste à privilégier pour éviter les dérives anti-démocratiques du populisme : la démocratie plébéienne. more...

Active regions (ARs) appear in the solar atmosphere as a consequence of the emergence of magnetic flux ropes (FRs). Due to the presence of twist, the photospheric line-of-sight (LOS) magnetograms of emerging ARs show an elongation of the polarities known as magnetic tongues. These tongues can affect the estimation of tilt angles during their emergence phase. In this work, we propose a Bayesian method to model LOS magnetograms of emerging ARs using a half-torus twisted FR model. We apply this model to 21 emerging ARs observed during Solar Cycle 23. We find that the Bayesian method corrects the tilt when compared to other methods, removing the spurious rotation of the polarities produced by the retraction of the tongues during the emergence. We find a variation in Joy's law with the stage of the AR emergence and the method used for its estimation. more...

In cybersecurity, CVEs (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) are publicly disclosed hardware or software vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities are documented and listed in the NVD database maintained by the NIST. Knowledge of the CVEs impacting an information system provides a measure of its level of security. This article points out that these vulnerabilities should be described in greater detail to understand how they could be chained together in a complete attack scenario. This article presents the first proposal for the CAPG format, which is a method for representing a CVE vulnerability, a corresponding exploit, and associated attack positions. more...

En s’expatriant à Shanghai avec son mari et son plus jeune fils, Brigitte est loin de se douter du "voyage" qui l’attend. Un an après son installation, sa dentiste détecte une anomalie, qui se révèle être un cancer ORL. Face à l’impasse de la maladie, Brigitte décide d’être actrice. La route la mène d’une opération à Lyon à la reconstruction en Chine, en alliant médecines occidentales et naturelles. Elle passe aussi par des fous-rires, des situations saugrenues, la gratitude et les partages authentiques avec ses proches et le personnel médical. L’aventure – avant tout humaine et intérieure – nécessite un virage à gauche, côté coeur, où Brigitte apprend à se reconnecter à elle-même et au monde qui l’entoure. C’est avec une vérité saisissante, un puissant sens du détail et une fine dose d’humour qu’elle nous partage son chemin et ses différentes découvertes. more...

La diversité culturelle doit-elle devenir le passage obligé vers la mondialisation ? L'intérêt de cet ouvrage collectif est de s'interroger sur les défis posés par les effets de la mondialisation, en particulier dans les sociétés ultramarines d'aujourd'hui. La richesse de la transmission culturelle des Outre-mer français tient en effet à un partage des cultures mais aussi à cette universalité qui les fait se rejoindre, malgré l'éloignement et le morcellement de ces territoires pour la plupart insulaires. Face à la mondialisation, comment garantir aux sociétés ultramarines que leur développement puisse continuer à promouvoir la diversité de leur identité culturelle au sein de l'espace français ? Les auteurs, anthropologues, linguistes, juristes et sociologues, tentent de répondre à ces questions dans une série d'articles ouvrant le champ des débats sur l'avenir des Outre-mer. more...

En s’expatriant à Shanghai avec son mari et son plus jeune fils, Brigitte est loin de se douter du "voyage" qui l’attend. Un an après son installation, sa dentiste détecte une anomalie, qui se révèle être un cancer ORL. Face à l’impasse de la maladie, Brigitte décide d’être actrice. La route la mène d’une opération à Lyon à la reconstruction en Chine, en alliant médecines occidentales et naturelles. Elle passe aussi par des fous-rires, des situations saugrenues, la gratitude et les partages authentiques avec ses proches et le personnel médical. L’aventure – avant tout humaine et intérieure – nécessite un virage à gauche, côté coeur, où Brigitte apprend à se reconnecter à elle-même et au monde qui l’entoure. C’est avec une vérité saisissante, un puissant sens du détail et une fine dose d’humour qu’elle nous partage son chemin et ses différentes découvertes. more...

La diversité culturelle doit-elle devenir le passage obligé vers la mondialisation ? L'intérêt de cet ouvrage collectif est de s'interroger sur les défis posés par les effets de la mondialisation, en particulier dans les sociétés ultramarines d'aujourd'hui. La richesse de la transmission culturelle des Outre-mer français tient en effet à un partage des cultures mais aussi à cette universalité qui les fait se rejoindre, malgré l'éloignement et le morcellement de ces territoires pour la plupart insulaires. Face à la mondialisation, comment garantir aux sociétés ultramarines que leur développement puisse continuer à promouvoir la diversité de leur identité culturelle au sein de l'espace français ? Les auteurs, anthropologues, linguistes, juristes et sociologues, tentent de répondre à ces questions dans une série d'articles ouvrant le champ des débats sur l'avenir des Outre-mer. more...

La diversité culturelle doit-elle devenir le passage obligé vers la mondialisation ? L'intérêt de cet ouvrage collectif est de s'interroger sur les défis posés par les effets de la mondialisation, en particulier dans les sociétés ultramarines d'aujourd'hui. La richesse de la transmission culturelle des Outre-mer français tient en effet à un partage des cultures mais aussi à cette universalité qui les fait se rejoindre, malgré l'éloignement et le morcellement de ces territoires pour la plupart insulaires. Face à la mondialisation, comment garantir aux sociétés ultramarines que leur développement puisse continuer à promouvoir la diversité de leur identité culturelle au sein de l'espace français ? Les auteurs, anthropologues, linguistes, juristes et sociologues, tentent de répondre à ces questions dans une série d'articles ouvrant le champ des débats sur l'avenir des Outre-mer. more...

En s’expatriant à Shanghai avec son mari et son plus jeune fils, Brigitte est loin de se douter du "voyage" qui l’attend. Un an après son installation, sa dentiste détecte une anomalie, qui se révèle être un cancer ORL. Face à l’impasse de la maladie, Brigitte décide d’être actrice. La route la mène d’une opération à Lyon à la reconstruction en Chine, en alliant médecines occidentales et naturelles. Elle passe aussi par des fous-rires, des situations saugrenues, la gratitude et les partages authentiques avec ses proches et le personnel médical. L’aventure – avant tout humaine et intérieure – nécessite un virage à gauche, côté coeur, où Brigitte apprend à se reconnecter à elle-même et au monde qui l’entoure. C’est avec une vérité saisissante, un puissant sens du détail et une fine dose d’humour qu’elle nous partage son chemin et ses différentes découvertes. more...

La diversité culturelle doit-elle devenir le passage obligé vers la mondialisation ? L'intérêt de cet ouvrage collectif est de s'interroger sur les défis posés par les effets de la mondialisation, en particulier dans les sociétés ultramarines d'aujourd'hui. La richesse de la transmission culturelle des Outre-mer français tient en effet à un partage des cultures mais aussi à cette universalité qui les fait se rejoindre, malgré l'éloignement et le morcellement de ces territoires pour la plupart insulaires. Face à la mondialisation, comment garantir aux sociétés ultramarines que leur développement puisse continuer à promouvoir la diversité de leur identité culturelle au sein de l'espace français ? Les auteurs, anthropologues, linguistes, juristes et sociologues, tentent de répondre à ces questions dans une série d'articles ouvrant le champ des débats sur l'avenir des Outre-mer. more...

La diversité culturelle doit-elle devenir le passage obligé vers la mondialisation ? L'intérêt de cet ouvrage collectif est de s'interroger sur les défis posés par les effets de la mondialisation, en particulier dans les sociétés ultramarines d'aujourd'hui. La richesse de la transmission culturelle des Outre-mer français tient en effet à un partage des cultures mais aussi à cette universalité qui les fait se rejoindre, malgré l'éloignement et le morcellement de ces territoires pour la plupart insulaires. Face à la mondialisation, comment garantir aux sociétés ultramarines que leur développement puisse continuer à promouvoir la diversité de leur identité culturelle au sein de l'espace français ? Les auteurs, anthropologues, linguistes, juristes et sociologues, tentent de répondre à ces questions dans une série d'articles ouvrant le champ des débats sur l'avenir des Outre-mer. more...

En s’expatriant à Shanghai avec son mari et son plus jeune fils, Brigitte est loin de se douter du "voyage" qui l’attend. Un an après son installation, sa dentiste détecte une anomalie, qui se révèle être un cancer ORL. Face à l’impasse de la maladie, Brigitte décide d’être actrice. La route la mène d’une opération à Lyon à la reconstruction en Chine, en alliant médecines occidentales et naturelles. Elle passe aussi par des fous-rires, des situations saugrenues, la gratitude et les partages authentiques avec ses proches et le personnel médical. L’aventure – avant tout humaine et intérieure – nécessite un virage à gauche, côté coeur, où Brigitte apprend à se reconnecter à elle-même et au monde qui l’entoure. C’est avec une vérité saisissante, un puissant sens du détail et une fine dose d’humour qu’elle nous partage son chemin et ses différentes découvertes. more...

La diversité culturelle doit-elle devenir le passage obligé vers la mondialisation ? L'intérêt de cet ouvrage collectif est de s'interroger sur les défis posés par les effets de la mondialisation, en particulier dans les sociétés ultramarines d'aujourd'hui. La richesse de la transmission culturelle des Outre-mer français tient en effet à un partage des cultures mais aussi à cette universalité qui les fait se rejoindre, malgré l'éloignement et le morcellement de ces territoires pour la plupart insulaires. Face à la mondialisation, comment garantir aux sociétés ultramarines que leur développement puisse continuer à promouvoir la diversité de leur identité culturelle au sein de l'espace français ? Les auteurs, anthropologues, linguistes, juristes et sociologues, tentent de répondre à ces questions dans une série d'articles ouvrant le champ des débats sur l'avenir des Outre-mer. more...

La diversité culturelle doit-elle devenir le passage obligé vers la mondialisation ? L'intérêt de cet ouvrage collectif est de s'interroger sur les défis posés par les effets de la mondialisation, en particulier dans les sociétés ultramarines d'aujourd'hui. La richesse de la transmission culturelle des Outre-mer français tient en effet à un partage des cultures mais aussi à cette universalité qui les fait se rejoindre, malgré l'éloignement et le morcellement de ces territoires pour la plupart insulaires. Face à la mondialisation, comment garantir aux sociétés ultramarines que leur développement puisse continuer à promouvoir la diversité de leur identité culturelle au sein de l'espace français ? Les auteurs, anthropologues, linguistes, juristes et sociologues, tentent de répondre à ces questions dans une série d'articles ouvrant le champ des débats sur l'avenir des Outre-mer. more...

Contexte - Jusqu'à présent, l'évaluation de l'exposition alimentaire de la population des Antilles a la chlordécone était basée sur des aliments non préparés et non cuisinés (Anses, 2017). Si certains travaux (Clostre et al, 2014) suggèrent que le mode de cuisson n'a pas d'impact sur la teneur en chlordécone pour quelques végétaux, un autre (Martin et al., 2020) semble indiquer le contraire pour la viande bovine. Il apparait donc important de tenir compte des habitudes alimentaires et culinaires locales dans une nouvelle e valuation de l'exposition de la population des Antilles a la chlordécone. Matériels et méthodes - L'étude ChlorExpo (2021-2023) vise à affiner l'évaluation de l'exposition en recueillant et y intégrant explicitement les pratiques des Antillais en termes d'approvisionnement (types de commerces, origine des produits), de préparation et de cuisson des aliments contributeurs à l'exposition à la chlordécone. Afin de collecter ces informations, une enquête a été réalisée en 2021 auprès de 750 ménages représentatifs de la Martinique et 750 de la Guadeloupe. L'échantillonnage a été fait selon la méthode des quotas sur les critères sociodémographiques de la personne de référence ainsi que sur le type et lieu d'habitation. Les personnes du foyer effectuant les achats et/ou préparant les repas ont été interrogées à leur domicile sur leurs habitudes alimentaires. Résultats - L'enquête a confirmé l'importance de prendre en compte les pratiques spécifiques à chaque île, en termes d'approvisionnement et de cuisson des aliments. Par exemple, les Guadeloupéens achètent davantage leurs aliments dans des commerces de proximité. De même, ils pratiquent davantage les cuissons mijotées pour les viandes et au court-bouillon pour les crustacés/mollusques, tandis que la cuisson grille e ou boucane e des viandes et la cuisson sautée des crustacés et mollusques sont plus fréquentes en Martinique. Certaines pratiques sont néanmoins similaires entre les deux î les : par exemp more...

BackgroundPlatelet transfusion carries risk of transfusion-transmitted infection (TTI). Pathogen reduction of platelet components (PRPC) is designed to reduce TTI. Pulmonary adverse events (AEs), including transfusion-related acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occur with platelet transfusion.Study designAn open label, sequential cohort study of transfusion-dependent hematology-oncology patients was conducted to compare pulmonary safety of PRPC with conventional PC (CPC). The primary outcome was the incidence of treatment-emergent assisted mechanical ventilation (TEAMV) by non-inferiority. Secondary outcomes included: time to TEAMV, ARDS, pulmonary AEs, peri-transfusion AE, hemorrhagic AE, transfusion reactions (TRs), PC and red blood cell (RBC) use, and mortality.ResultsBy modified intent-to-treat (mITT), 1068 patients received 5277 PRPC and 1223 patients received 5487 CPC. The cohorts had similar demographics, primary disease, and primary therapy. PRPC were non-inferior to CPC for TEAMV (treatment difference -1.7%, 95% CI: (-3.3% to -0.1%); odds ratio = 0.53, 95% CI: (0.30, 0.94). The cumulative incidence of TEAMV for PRPC (2.9%) was significantly less than CPC (4.6%, p = .039). The incidence of ARDS was less, but not significantly different, for PRPC (1.0% vs. 1.8%, p = .151; odds ratio = 0.57, 95% CI: (0.27, 1.18). AE, pulmonary AE, and mortality were not different between cohorts. TRs were similar for PRPC and CPC (8.3% vs. 9.7%, p = .256); and allergic TR were significantly less with PRPC (p = .006). PC and RBC use were not increased with PRPC.DiscussionPRPC demonstrated reduced TEAMV with no excess treatment-related pulmonary morbidity. more...

Selon l’estimation de la FAO, la population mondiale atteindra plus de 9 milliards d’habitants d’ici 2050. De ce fait, le besoin en protéines ne cesse de croître alors que 33% des stocks poissons dans le monde sont en surexploitation. Une gestion durable des ressources halieutiques est ainsi nécessaire pour subvenir au besoin présent et futur. Cette gestion passe d’abord par la délimitation des unités de gestion ou des stocks. Il existe plusieurs éléments d’analyse possibles comme la microchimie et la forme de l’otolithe, les marqueurs génétiques ou naturels (parasite…). L’otolithe est une pièce calcifiée dans l’oreille interne du poisson dont la forme varie selon sa génétique et son environnement. Cette forme de l’otolithe est très utilisée actuellement, d’une part parce qu’elle permet d’intégrer les composantes génétiques et phénotypiques et d’autre part parce qu’elle présente une analyse à faible coût de traitement par rapport aux autres méthodes. De plus, leurs analyses sont de plus en plus standardisées (packages, codes R/Python). Actuellement les images acquises en 2D sont utilisées pour la délimitation des stocks de poissons. Ces images sont acquises à partir de scanners ou loupes binoculaires puis standardisées pour être enfin analysées notamment à l’aide des descripteurs elliptiques de Fourier. Cette analyse pourrait être améliorée grâce à des images 3D. L’acquisition d’images en 3D se fait en 3 étapes avec la prise d’images radiographiques sur plusieurs angles à l’aide d’un microtomographe à rayon X, puis la reconstruction en 3D des images 2D, et enfin la segmentation par seuillage des objets 3D. Chaque point de la surface de l’objet 3D (vertex) est projeté sur une sphère et leurs coordonnées sont leur distance angulaire à une origine des axes x, y et z. L’analyse de descripteurs de Fourier en 3D se fait grâce aux angles de chaque point des meshs 3D à l’origine (x, y et z). Le rouget barbet de vase (Mullus barbatus), qui est un poisson benthique commercial more...

A wide number of techniques were developed and applied to identify and discriminate stocks. Among them, otolith’s shape, which is affected by environment and genetic factors, can be used as a tool to identify the populations within the species. Before to identify the boundaries of stocks, the potential drivers, which control the otolith shape, must be analysed. In this study, Directional Asymmetry (DA; the effect of otolith’s location side, i.e., left versus right inner ear) was tested combining the approaches to otolith shape in 2D and 3D on 560 adults of the red mullet Mullus barbatus (Linnaeus, 1758) which is one of the most abundant demersal fish species in the Mediterranean Sea. Studied individual were sampled from 7 subunits for 2D analysis (476 individuals) and 3 subunits for 3D analysis (84 individuals) of geographical subareas (GSAs). To analyse otolith shape, the normalized Elliptical Fourier Descriptors (EFDs) computed from the two-dimensional outlines (extracted from otolithes 2D pictures) and Spherical Harmonic shape descriptors computed from three-dimensional surfaces/meshes (extracted from otolithes 3D scans) were analysed with principal component analysis (PCA) method. PCA’s scores were used in the multivariate mixed-effects model with side and subunits effects. From 3D surfaces/meshes, the univariate variables (i.e. otolithe’s surface and volume) were analysed with Redundancy analysis (RDA) too. The EFDs from 2D images showed that the side effect was significant on the otolith shape (p-value<0.00001). The reconstructed outlines of the mean Fourier harmonics of the left and right side were plotted and the percentage of non-overlapping surface was 1.010%. However, the interaction between side and geographical subareawas nosignificant from 2D images. The EFDs from 3D images showed that the side effect was signifant (p-value<0.00001). In additionnal, the interaction between side effect and geographical subarea was signifiant (p-value< 0.00001) from 3D more...

BackgroundAt the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, widespread blood shortages were anticipated. We sought to determine how hospital blood supply and blood utilization were affected by the first wave of COVID-19.Study design and methodsWeekly red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) inventory, transfusion, and outdate data were collected from 13 institutions in the United States, Brazil, Canada, and Denmark from March 1st to December 31st of 2020 and 2019. Data from the sites were aligned based on each site's local first peak of COVID-19 cases, and data from 2020 (pandemic year) were compared with data from the corresponding period in 2019 (pre-pandemic baseline).ResultsRBC inventories were 3% lower in 2020 than in 2019 (680 vs. 704, p < .001) and 5% fewer RBCs were transfused per week compared to 2019 (477 vs. 501, p < .001). However, during the first COVID-19 peak, RBC and PLT inventories were higher than normal, as reflected by deviation from par, days on hand, and percent outdated. At this time, 16% fewer inpatient beds were occupied, and 43% fewer surgeries were performed compared to 2019 (p < .001). In contrast to 2019 when there was no correlation, there was, in 2020, significant negative correlations between RBC and PLT days on hand and both percentage occupancy of inpatient beds and percentage of surgeries performed.ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, RBC and PLT inventories remained adequate. During the first wave of cases, significant decreases in patient care activities were associated with excess RBC and PLT supplies and increased product outdating. more...

The factors driving therapy resistance in diffuse glioma remain poorly understood. To identify treatment-associated cellular and genetic changes, we analyzed RNA and/or DNA sequencing data from the temporally separated tumor pairs of 304 adult patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type and IDH-mutant glioma. Tumors recurred in distinct manners that were dependent on IDH mutation status and attributable to changes in histological feature composition, somatic alterations, and microenvironment interactions. Hypermutation and acquired CDKN2A deletions were associated with an increase in proliferating neoplastic cells at recurrence in both glioma subtypes, reflecting active tumor growth. IDH-wild-type tumors were more invasive at recurrence, and their neoplastic cells exhibited increased expression of neuronal signaling programs that reflected a possible role for neuronal interactions in promoting glioma progression. Mesenchymal transition was associated with the presence of a myeloid cell state defined by specific ligand-receptor interactions with neoplastic cells. Collectively, these recurrence-associated phenotypes represent potential targets to alter disease progression. more...