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There is a growing use of the internet and alongside that, there has been an increase in the use of toxic language towards other people that can be harmful to those that it targets. The usefulness of artificial intelligence has exploded in recent years with the development of natural language processing, especially with the use of transformers. One of the first ones was BERT, and that has spawned many variations including ones that aim to be more lightweight than the original ones. The goal of this project was to train three different kinds of transformer models, RoBERTa, ALBERT, and DistilBERT, and find out which one was best at identifying toxic language online. The models were trained on a handful of existing datasets that had labelled data as abusive, hateful, harassing, and other kinds of toxic language. These datasets were combined to create a dataset that was used to train and test all of the models. When tested against data collected in the datasets, there was very little difference in the overall performance of the models. The biggest difference was how long it took to train them with ALBERT taking approximately 2 hours, RoBERTa, around 1 hour and DistilBERT just over half an hour. To understand how well the models worked in a real-world scenario, the models were evaluated by labelling text as toxic or non-toxic on three different subreddits. Here, a larger difference in performance showed up. DistilBERT labelled significantly fewer instances as toxic compared to the other models. A sample of the classified data was manually annotated, and it showed that the RoBERTa and DistilBERT models still performed similarly to each other. A second evaluation was done on the data from Reddit and a threshold of 80% certainty was required for the classification to be considered toxic. This led to an average of 28% of instances being classified as toxic by RoBERTa, whereas ALBERT and DistilBERT classified an average of 14% and 11% as toxic respectively. When the results f

There is a growing use of the internet and alongside that, there has been an increase in the use of toxic language towards other people that can be harmful to those that it targets. The usefulness of artificial intelligence has exploded in recent years with the development of natural language processing, especially with the use of transformers. One of the first ones was BERT, and that has spawned many variations including ones that aim to be more lightweight than the original ones. The goal of this project was to train three different kinds of transformer models, RoBERTa, ALBERT, and DistilBERT, and find out which one was best at identifying toxic language online. The models were trained on a handful of existing datasets that had labelled data as abusive, hateful, harassing, and other kinds of toxic language. These datasets were combined to create a dataset that was used to train and test all of the models. When tested against data collected in the datasets, there was very little difference in the overall performance of the models. The biggest difference was how long it took to train them with ALBERT taking approximately 2 hours, RoBERTa, around 1 hour and DistilBERT just over half an hour. To understand how well the models worked in a real-world scenario, the models were evaluated by labelling text as toxic or non-toxic on three different subreddits. Here, a larger difference in performance showed up. DistilBERT labelled significantly fewer instances as toxic compared to the other models. A sample of the classified data was manually annotated, and it showed that the RoBERTa and DistilBERT models still performed similarly to each other. A second evaluation was done on the data from Reddit and a threshold of 80% certainty was required for the classification to be considered toxic. This led to an average of 28% of instances being classified as toxic by RoBERTa, whereas ALBERT and DistilBERT classified an average of 14% and 11% as toxic respectively. When the results f

The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) maintains the most comprehensive publicly available database on international arms deals. Updating this database requires humans to sift through large amounts of news articles, only some of which contain information relevant to the database. To save time, it would be useful to automate a part of this process. In this thesis project we apply ALBERT, a state of the art Pre-trained Language Model for Natural Language Processing (NLP), to the task of determining if a text contains information about arms transfers and extracting that information. In order to train and evaluate the model we also introduce a new dataset of 600 news articles, where information about arms deals is annotated with lables such as Weapon, Buyer, Seller, etc. We achieve an F1-score of 0.81 on the task of determining if an arms deal is present in a text, and an F1-score of 0.77 on determining if a given part of a text has a specific arms deal-related attribute. This is probably not enough to entirely automate SIPRI’s process, but it demonstrates that the approach is feasible. While this paper focuses specifically on arms deals, the methods used can be generalized to extracting other kinds of information., Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) tillhandahåller den största allmänt tillgängliga databasen med internationella vapenaffärer. För att hålla databasen uppdaterad måste människor sålla igenom stora mängder nyhetsartiklar, varav endast några innehåller information som är relevant för databasen. För att spara tid vore det bra att kunna automatisera en del av den processen. I det här examensarbetet använder vi ALBERT, en maskininlärningsmodell för behandling av naturliga språk (NLP), för att avgöra om en text innehåller information om vapenaffärer och för att extrahera den informationen. För att träna modellen skapar vi också ett dataset med 600 nyhetsartiklar, där information om vapenaffärer finns annoterad med attribut som Vapen, Köpare, Säljare, etc. Vi fick en F1-score på 0.81 på problemet att avgöra om en vapenaffär finns i en text, och en F1-score på 0.77 på problemet att avgöra om en given del av en text har ett specifikt vapenaffärsrelaterat attribut. Resultaten är förmodligen inte bra nog för att helt kunna automatisera SIPRIs process, men de demonstrerar att metoden är lovande. Det här examensarbetet fokuserar specifikt på vapenaffärer, men metoderna kan förmodligen generaliseras för att extrahera andra sorters information.

The use of Machine Learning (ML) in business has increased significantly over the past years. Creating high quality and robust models requires a lot of data, which is at times infeasible to obtain. As more people are becoming concerned about their data being misused, data privacy is increasingly strengthened. In 2018, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), was announced within the EU. Models that use either sensitive or personal data to train need to obtain that data in accordance with the regulatory rules, such as GDPR. One other data related issue is that enterprises who wish to collaborate on model building face problems when it requires them to share their private corporate data [36, 38]. In this thesis we will investigate how one might overcome the issue of directly accessing private data when training ML models by employing Federated Learning (FL) [38]. The concept of FL is to allow several silos, i.e. separate parties, to train models with the same objective, using their local data and then with the learned model parameters create a central model. The objective of the central model is to obtain the information learned by the separate models, without ever accessing the raw data itself. This is achieved by averaging the separate models’ weights into the central model. FL thus facilitates opportunities to train a model on large amounts of data from several sources, without the need of having access to the data itself. If one can create a model with this methodology, that is not significantly worse than a model trained on the raw data, then positive effects such as strengthened data privacy, cross-enterprise collaboration and more could be attainable. In this work we have used a financial data set consisting of 25242 equity research reports, provided by Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken (SEB). Each report has a recommendation label, either Buy, Sell or Hold, making this a multi-class classification problem. To evaluate the feasibility of FL we fine-tune the p, Företags nyttjande av maskininlärning har de senaste åren ökat signifikant och för att kunna skapa högkvalitativa modeller krävs stora mängder data, vilket kan vara svårt att insamla. Parallellt med detta så ökar också den allmänna förståelsen för hur användandet av data missbrukas, vilket har lätt till ett ökat behov av starkare datasäkerhet. 2018 så trädde General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) i kraft inom EU, vilken bland annat ställer krav på hur företag skall hantera persondata. Företag med maskininlärningsmodeller som på något sätt använder känslig eller personlig data behöver således ha fått tillgång till denna data i enlighet med de rådande lagar och regler som omfattar datahanteringen. Ytterligare ett datarelaterat problem är då företag önskar att skapa gemensamma maskininlärningsmodeller som skulle kräva att de delar deras bolagsdata [36, 38]. Denna uppsats kommer att undersöka hur Federerad Inlärning [38] kan användas för att skapa maskinlärningsmodeller som överkommer dessa datasäkerhetsrelaterade problem. Federerad Inlärning är en metod för att på ett decentraliserat vis träna maskininlärningsmodeller. Detta omfattar att låta flera aktörer träna en modell var. Varje enskild aktör tränar respektive modell på deras isolerade data och delar sedan endast modellens parametrar till en central modell. På detta vis kan varje enskild modell bidra till den gemensamma modellen utan att den gemensamma modellen någonsin haft tillgång till den faktiska datan. Givet att en modell, skapad med Federerad Inlärning kan uppnå liknande resultat som en modell tränad på rådata, så finns många positiva fördelar så som ökad datasäkerhet och ökade samarbeten mellan företag. Under arbetet har ett dataset, bestående av 25242 finansiella rapporter tillgängliggjort av Skandinaviska Ensilda Banken (SEB) använts. Varje enskild rapport innefattar en rekommendation, antingen Köp, Sälj eller Håll, vilket innebär att vi utför muliklass-klassificering. Med datan tränas den förtränade T

The use of Machine Learning (ML) in business has increased significantly over the past years. Creating high quality and robust models requires a lot of data, which is at times infeasible to obtain. As more people are becoming concerned about their data being misused, data privacy is increasingly strengthened. In 2018, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), was announced within the EU. Models that use either sensitive or personal data to train need to obtain that data in accordance with the regulatory rules, such as GDPR. One other data related issue is that enterprises who wish to collaborate on model building face problems when it requires them to share their private corporate data [36, 38]. In this thesis we will investigate how one might overcome the issue of directly accessing private data when training ML models by employing Federated Learning (FL) [38]. The concept of FL is to allow several silos, i.e. separate parties, to train models with the same objective, using their local data and then with the learned model parameters create a central model. The objective of the central model is to obtain the information learned by the separate models, without ever accessing the raw data itself. This is achieved by averaging the separate models’ weights into the central model. FL thus facilitates opportunities to train a model on large amounts of data from several sources, without the need of having access to the data itself. If one can create a model with this methodology, that is not significantly worse than a model trained on the raw data, then positive effects such as strengthened data privacy, cross-enterprise collaboration and more could be attainable. In this work we have used a financial data set consisting of 25242 equity research reports, provided by Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken (SEB). Each report has a recommendation label, either Buy, Sell or Hold, making this a multi-class classification problem. To evaluate the feasibility of FL we fine-tune the p, Företags nyttjande av maskininlärning har de senaste åren ökat signifikant och för att kunna skapa högkvalitativa modeller krävs stora mängder data, vilket kan vara svårt att insamla. Parallellt med detta så ökar också den allmänna förståelsen för hur användandet av data missbrukas, vilket har lätt till ett ökat behov av starkare datasäkerhet. 2018 så trädde General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) i kraft inom EU, vilken bland annat ställer krav på hur företag skall hantera persondata. Företag med maskininlärningsmodeller som på något sätt använder känslig eller personlig data behöver således ha fått tillgång till denna data i enlighet med de rådande lagar och regler som omfattar datahanteringen. Ytterligare ett datarelaterat problem är då företag önskar att skapa gemensamma maskininlärningsmodeller som skulle kräva att de delar deras bolagsdata [36, 38]. Denna uppsats kommer att undersöka hur Federerad Inlärning [38] kan användas för att skapa maskinlärningsmodeller som överkommer dessa datasäkerhetsrelaterade problem. Federerad Inlärning är en metod för att på ett decentraliserat vis träna maskininlärningsmodeller. Detta omfattar att låta flera aktörer träna en modell var. Varje enskild aktör tränar respektive modell på deras isolerade data och delar sedan endast modellens parametrar till en central modell. På detta vis kan varje enskild modell bidra till den gemensamma modellen utan att den gemensamma modellen någonsin haft tillgång till den faktiska datan. Givet att en modell, skapad med Federerad Inlärning kan uppnå liknande resultat som en modell tränad på rådata, så finns många positiva fördelar så som ökad datasäkerhet och ökade samarbeten mellan företag. Under arbetet har ett dataset, bestående av 25242 finansiella rapporter tillgängliggjort av Skandinaviska Ensilda Banken (SEB) använts. Varje enskild rapport innefattar en rekommendation, antingen Köp, Sälj eller Håll, vilket innebär att vi utför muliklass-klassificering. Med datan tränas den förtränade T

The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) maintains the most comprehensive publicly available database on international arms deals. Updating this database requires humans to sift through large amounts of news articles, only some of which contain information relevant to the database. To save time, it would be useful to automate a part of this process. In this thesis project we apply ALBERT, a state of the art Pre-trained Language Model for Natural Language Processing (NLP), to the task of determining if a text contains information about arms transfers and extracting that information. In order to train and evaluate the model we also introduce a new dataset of 600 news articles, where information about arms deals is annotated with lables such as Weapon, Buyer, Seller, etc. We achieve an F1-score of 0.81 on the task of determining if an arms deal is present in a text, and an F1-score of 0.77 on determining if a given part of a text has a specific arms deal-related attribute. This is probably not enough to entirely automate SIPRI’s process, but it demonstrates that the approach is feasible. While this paper focuses specifically on arms deals, the methods used can be generalized to extracting other kinds of information., Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) tillhandahåller den största allmänt tillgängliga databasen med internationella vapenaffärer. För att hålla databasen uppdaterad måste människor sålla igenom stora mängder nyhetsartiklar, varav endast några innehåller information som är relevant för databasen. För att spara tid vore det bra att kunna automatisera en del av den processen. I det här examensarbetet använder vi ALBERT, en maskininlärningsmodell för behandling av naturliga språk (NLP), för att avgöra om en text innehåller information om vapenaffärer och för att extrahera den informationen. För att träna modellen skapar vi också ett dataset med 600 nyhetsartiklar, där information om vapenaffärer finns annoterad med attribut som Vapen, Köpare, Säljare, etc. Vi fick en F1-score på 0.81 på problemet att avgöra om en vapenaffär finns i en text, och en F1-score på 0.77 på problemet att avgöra om en given del av en text har ett specifikt vapenaffärsrelaterat attribut. Resultaten är förmodligen inte bra nog för att helt kunna automatisera SIPRIs process, men de demonstrerar att metoden är lovande. Det här examensarbetet fokuserar specifikt på vapenaffärer, men metoderna kan förmodligen generaliseras för att extrahera andra sorters information.

Topological phases are phases of matter that are characterized by discrete quantities known as topological invariants. This thesis explores two such phases, the static Chern insulator phase (symmetry class A) in two dimensions and the dynamical Floquet chiral phase (symmetry class AIII) in one dimension.A Chern insulator is a gapped single particle system on a lattice with a non-zero first Chern number for some of its energy-momentum bands. We consider subjecting a Chern insulator to a non-uniform external electric field. The response is band geometric which means it is robust to deformations of the energy bands which do not cause band touchings. We find a connection between this response and previous work on band geometric quantities.A Floquet insulator is a unitary time evolved system defined by a time periodic Hamiltonian. We first describe an existing model of a 1D chain with 2D onsite Hilbert space and chiral symmetry. Then we introduce a disordered model of the system and look at how its topological properties are robust to the disorder. We find a power law scaling of $\nu = 2$ for the localization-delocalization transition of the eigenstates of the unitary operator as the drive evolves towards the midway point of its evolution.

Topological phases are phases of matter that are characterized by discrete quantities known as topological invariants. This thesis explores two such phases, the static Chern insulator phase (symmetry class A) in two dimensions and the dynamical Floquet chiral phase (symmetry class AIII) in one dimension.A Chern insulator is a gapped single particle system on a lattice with a non-zero first Chern number for some of its energy-momentum bands. We consider subjecting a Chern insulator to a non-uniform external electric field. The response is band geometric which means it is robust to deformations of the energy bands which do not cause band touchings. We find a connection between this response and previous work on band geometric quantities.A Floquet insulator is a unitary time evolved system defined by a time periodic Hamiltonian. We first describe an existing model of a 1D chain with 2D onsite Hilbert space and chiral symmetry. Then we introduce a disordered model of the system and look at how its topological properties are robust to the disorder. We find a power law scaling of $\nu = 2$ for the localization-delocalization transition of the eigenstates of the unitary operator as the drive evolves towards the midway point of its evolution.

Einstein’s sink is a well-known object among physics and astronomy students at Leiden University. Stories about its origin have been passed down since it was moved to the large lecture room of the then newly built Oort Building in 1998. These stories claim that it was seen as an Einstein relic by the physics faculty, kept close to inspire young minds. After researching this story, I found that the sink is from the early 20th century and that it once stood in the large lecture room of the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory in Leiden. It is likely that at this time it was used by many scientists, including Einstein. However, my research also shows that the move from the KOL was done purely for financial reasons and had nothing to do with Einstein. It is possible that the story was made up to conceal this fact, creating a more appealing reason for these cutbacks. The sink is seen by many as a connection to Einstein’s and the university’s past and is liked for this fact and not the aforementioned legend., no

Einstein’s sink is a well-known object among physics and astronomy students at Leiden University. Stories about its origin have been passed down since it was moved to the large lecture room of the then newly built Oort Building in 1998. These stories claim that it was seen as an Einstein relic by the physics faculty, kept close to inspire young minds. After researching this story, I found that the sink is from the early 20th century and that it once stood in the large lecture room of the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory in Leiden. It is likely that at this time it was used by many scientists, including Einstein. However, my research also shows that the move from the KOL was done purely for financial reasons and had nothing to do with Einstein. It is possible that the story was made up to conceal this fact, creating a more appealing reason for these cutbacks. The sink is seen by many as a connection to Einstein’s and the university’s past and is liked for this fact and not the aforementioned legend., no

Einstein’s sink is a well-known object among physics and astronomy students at Leiden University. Stories about its origin have been passed down since it was moved to the large lecture room of the then newly built Oort Building in 1998. These stories claim that it was seen as an Einstein relic by the physics faculty, kept close to inspire young minds. After researching this story, I found that the sink is from the early 20th century and that it once stood in the large lecture room of the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory in Leiden. It is likely that at this time it was used by many scientists, including Einstein. However, my research also shows that the move from the KOL was done purely for financial reasons and had nothing to do with Einstein. It is possible that the story was made up to conceal this fact, creating a more appealing reason for these cutbacks. The sink is seen by many as a connection to Einstein’s and the university’s past and is liked for this fact and not the aforementioned legend., no

Einstein’s sink is a well-known object among physics and astronomy students at Leiden University. Stories about its origin have been passed down since it was moved to the large lecture room of the then newly built Oort Building in 1998. These stories claim that it was seen as an Einstein relic by the physics faculty, kept close to inspire young minds. After researching this story, I found that the sink is from the early 20th century and that it once stood in the large lecture room of the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory in Leiden. It is likely that at this time it was used by many scientists, including Einstein. However, my research also shows that the move from the KOL was done purely for financial reasons and had nothing to do with Einstein. It is possible that the story was made up to conceal this fact, creating a more appealing reason for these cutbacks. The sink is seen by many as a connection to Einstein’s and the university’s past and is liked for this fact and not the aforementioned legend., no

Einstein’s sink is a well-known object among physics and astronomy students at Leiden University. Stories about its origin have been passed down since it was moved to the large lecture room of the then newly built Oort Building in 1998. These stories claim that it was seen as an Einstein relic by the physics faculty, kept close to inspire young minds. After researching this story, I found that the sink is from the early 20th century and that it once stood in the large lecture room of the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory in Leiden. It is likely that at this time it was used by many scientists, including Einstein. However, my research also shows that the move from the KOL was done purely for financial reasons and had nothing to do with Einstein. It is possible that the story was made up to conceal this fact, creating a more appealing reason for these cutbacks. The sink is seen by many as a connection to Einstein’s and the university’s past and is liked for this fact and not the aforementioned legend., no

Einstein’s sink is a well-known object among physics and astronomy students at Leiden University. Stories about its origin have been passed down since it was moved to the large lecture room of the then newly built Oort Building in 1998. These stories claim that it was seen as an Einstein relic by the physics faculty, kept close to inspire young minds. After researching this story, I found that the sink is from the early 20th century and that it once stood in the large lecture room of the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory in Leiden. It is likely that at this time it was used by many scientists, including Einstein. However, my research also shows that the move from the KOL was done purely for financial reasons and had nothing to do with Einstein. It is possible that the story was made up to conceal this fact, creating a more appealing reason for these cutbacks. The sink is seen by many as a connection to Einstein’s and the university’s past and is liked for this fact and not the aforementioned legend., no

Für erfolgreich betriebene Wissenschaft ist es unerlässlich, als Forschender auf seinem Fachgebiet die neuesten Entwicklungen zu verfolgen. Dafür bietet Current Awareness (CA) Wissenschaftlern eine Reihe von kommerziellen Services und Dienstleistungen an, aber auch Alternativen wie das Suchportal ALBERT. Mit dieser Arbeit wird die Funktion von ALBERT als CA-Service hinsichtlich Aktualität und Informationsbedarf von Wissenschaftlern untersucht. Der erste Teil der Arbeit vergleicht die Erfassungsgeschwindigkeit von Metadaten von Artikeln in ALBERT mit den etablierten Datenbanken Web of Science, Scopus und PubMed. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit werden auf Grundlage von Experteninterviews Aspekte ausgewertet und diskutiert, die in Zusammenhang mit dem Stellenwert von CA in der aktuellen Forschung und einer bibliothekarischen Dienstleistung dazu stehen. Komplettiert wird die Arbeit mit einer Auseinandersetzung der technischen Dimension un der Metadatenqualität eines CA-Services.

1923 Joe Iron Pipe, Bird Rattler, Charging Alone, Joe Bull Child, Split Ears, Albert Mad Plume, Tom Day Rider, Owen Heavy Breast, Yellow Kidney, Big Lodge, Mike Little Dog, Walks In Water, Charles Iron Breast, Adam White Man, Black Weasel, Two Guns White Calf, Victor J. Evans, No Coat, Aims Back, Mide Day Rider, Tom Horn, Wades In Water, Julia Wades In Water, John Ground, Minnie Aims Back, Richard Sanderville, Levi Burd, George Star

L-R: Albert Mad Plume, Mary Ground, John Ground, Tom Vielle, Victor Chief Coward, Chewing Backbones, Dog Gun, Grass Bull, unknown, Short Face, John Morgan, Ruben Black Boy, Rides At The Door, Cecile Last Star - Blackfeet (Pikuni) - no date

The Veterans Administration (VA) recognizes that proficiency in the core concepts of primary care women's health is required to provide comprehensive primary care for women. A potentially superior form of training that has been recently used for care providers is simulation. The examination of the relationship between simulation training through the Mini-Residency Course and increased self-efficacy among Women's Health Primary Care Providers (WH-PCP) is important, as the Mini-Residency Course is designed specifically to fill knowledge gaps and enhance the participant's knowledge and skill. A single post-test only, two group design was used for this study. The experimental group included those who completed simulation training on how to provide effective, essential healthcare to women veterans. The simulation-based training occurred July, 2012. The study gathered survey data designed to determine the level of self-efficacy of practitioners from a sample who had participated in the Mini-Residency program (Part I, or Parts I and II) and compared the levels of self-efficacy to a sample of practitioners who did not participate in simulations. Limited by a low response rate, the study sample included 23 practitioners. A self-efficacy survey was constructed using Bandura's self-efficacy theory. The self-efficacy score for this analysis used the mean of six discrete skill items. The reliability of this self-efficacy scale was examined using Cronbach's alpha. Results indicated reliability at a = .71. The results failed to demonstrate any statistically significant differences between groups. However, it was noted that a significant result ( p = .10 level) was evident in the differences in mean self-efficacy scores based on standardized patient experience, which suggests the need for future research using a larger sample size.

The Veterans Administration (VA) recognizes that proficiency in the core concepts of primary care women's health is required to provide comprehensive primary care for women. A potentially superior form of training that has been recently used for care providers is simulation. The examination of the relationship between simulation training through the Mini-Residency Course and increased self-efficacy among Women's Health Primary Care Providers (WH-PCP) is important, as the Mini-Residency Course is designed specifically to fill knowledge gaps and enhance the participant's knowledge and skill. A single post-test only, two group design was used for this study. The experimental group included those who completed simulation training on how to provide effective, essential healthcare to women veterans. The simulation-based training occurred July, 2012. The study gathered survey data designed to determine the level of self-efficacy of practitioners from a sample who had participated in the Mini-Residency program (Part I, or Parts I and II) and compared the levels of self-efficacy to a sample of practitioners who did not participate in simulations. Limited by a low response rate, the study sample included 23 practitioners. A self-efficacy survey was constructed using Bandura's self-efficacy theory. The self-efficacy score for this analysis used the mean of six discrete skill items. The reliability of this self-efficacy scale was examined using Cronbach's alpha. Results indicated reliability at a = .71. The results failed to demonstrate any statistically significant differences between groups. However, it was noted that a significant result ( p = .10 level) was evident in the differences in mean self-efficacy scores based on standardized patient experience, which suggests the need for future research using a larger sample size.

The Veterans Administration (VA) recognizes that proficiency in the core concepts of primary care women's health is required to provide comprehensive primary care for women. A potentially superior form of training that has been recently used for care providers is simulation. The examination of the relationship between simulation training through the Mini-Residency Course and increased self-efficacy among Women's Health Primary Care Providers (WH-PCP) is important, as the Mini-Residency Course is designed specifically to fill knowledge gaps and enhance the participant's knowledge and skill. A single post-test only, two group design was used for this study. The experimental group included those who completed simulation training on how to provide effective, essential healthcare to women veterans. The simulation-based training occurred July, 2012. The study gathered survey data designed to determine the level of self-efficacy of practitioners from a sample who had participated in the Mini-Residency program (Part I, or Parts I and II) and compared the levels of self-efficacy to a sample of practitioners who did not participate in simulations. Limited by a low response rate, the study sample included 23 practitioners. A self-efficacy survey was constructed using Bandura's self-efficacy theory. The self-efficacy score for this analysis used the mean of six discrete skill items. The reliability of this self-efficacy scale was examined using Cronbach's alpha. Results indicated reliability at a = .71. The results failed to demonstrate any statistically significant differences between groups. However, it was noted that a significant result ( p = .10 level) was evident in the differences in mean self-efficacy scores based on standardized patient experience, which suggests the need for future research using a larger sample size.

The Veterans Administration (VA) recognizes that proficiency in the core concepts of primary care women's health is required to provide comprehensive primary care for women. A potentially superior form of training that has been recently used for care providers is simulation. The examination of the relationship between simulation training through the Mini-Residency Course and increased self-efficacy among Women's Health Primary Care Providers (WH-PCP) is important, as the Mini-Residency Course is designed specifically to fill knowledge gaps and enhance the participant's knowledge and skill. A single post-test only, two group design was used for this study. The experimental group included those who completed simulation training on how to provide effective, essential healthcare to women veterans. The simulation-based training occurred July, 2012. The study gathered survey data designed to determine the level of self-efficacy of practitioners from a sample who had participated in the Mini-Residency program (Part I, or Parts I and II) and compared the levels of self-efficacy to a sample of practitioners who did not participate in simulations. Limited by a low response rate, the study sample included 23 practitioners. A self-efficacy survey was constructed using Bandura's self-efficacy theory. The self-efficacy score for this analysis used the mean of six discrete skill items. The reliability of this self-efficacy scale was examined using Cronbach's alpha. Results indicated reliability at a = .71. The results failed to demonstrate any statistically significant differences between groups. However, it was noted that a significant result ( p = .10 level) was evident in the differences in mean self-efficacy scores based on standardized patient experience, which suggests the need for future research using a larger sample size.

Based on written and oral primary sources, this article makes a critical biographical outline of the public actions of Fr. Alberto Ariza O.P., three times provincial of the Dominican of Colombia and considered one of the bastions for the consolidation of the process of restoration and reorganization of the Dominican province in the country, including the restoration of the University Santo Tomás. It intends to give a contribution to the construction of the historical memory of the Order of Preachers, as well as of his University, during the 20th century., Basado en fuentes primarias escritas y orales, este artículo realiza un esbozo biográfico crítico del accionar público de Fr. Alberto Ariza O.P., tres veces provincial de los dominicos de Colombia y considerado uno de los bastiones de la consolidación del proceso de restauración y reorganización de la provincia dominicana en el país, incluida la restauración de la Universidad Santo Tomás. Busca dar un aporte a la construcción de la memoria histórica, tanto de la Orden de Predicadores, como de su Universidad, durante el siglo XX.

Based on written and oral primary sources, this article makes a critical biographical outline of the public actions of Fr. Alberto Ariza O.P., three times provincial of the Dominican of Colombia and considered one of the bastions for the consolidation of the process of restoration and reorganization of the Dominican province in the country, including the restoration of the University Santo Tomás. It intends to give a contribution to the construction of the historical memory of the Order of Preachers, as well as of his University, during the 20th century., Basado en fuentes primarias escritas y orales, este artículo realiza un esbozo biográfico crítico del accionar público de Fr. Alberto Ariza O.P., tres veces provincial de los dominicos de Colombia y considerado uno de los bastiones de la consolidación del proceso de restauración y reorganización de la provincia dominicana en el país, incluida la restauración de la Universidad Santo Tomás. Busca dar un aporte a la construcción de la memoria histórica, tanto de la Orden de Predicadores, como de su Universidad, durante el siglo XX.

Based on written and oral primary sources, this article makes a critical biographical outline of the public actions of Fr. Alberto Ariza O.P., three times provincial of the Dominican of Colombia and considered one of the bastions for the consolidation of the process of restoration and reorganization of the Dominican province in the country, including the restoration of the University Santo Tomás. It intends to give a contribution to the construction of the historical memory of the Order of Preachers, as well as of his University, during the 20th century., Basado en fuentes primarias escritas y orales, este artículo realiza un esbozo biográfico crítico del accionar público de Fr. Alberto Ariza O.P., tres veces provincial de los dominicos de Colombia y considerado uno de los bastiones de la consolidación del proceso de restauración y reorganización de la provincia dominicana en el país, incluida la restauración de la Universidad Santo Tomás. Busca dar un aporte a la construcción de la memoria histórica, tanto de la Orden de Predicadores, como de su Universidad, durante el siglo XX.

Based on written and oral primary sources, this article makes a critical biographical outline of the public actions of Fr. Alberto Ariza O.P., three times provincial of the Dominican of Colombia and considered one of the bastions for the consolidation of the process of restoration and reorganization of the Dominican province in the country, including the restoration of the University Santo Tomás. It intends to give a contribution to the construction of the historical memory of the Order of Preachers, as well as of his University, during the 20th century., Basado en fuentes primarias escritas y orales, este artículo realiza un esbozo biográfico crítico del accionar público de Fr. Alberto Ariza O.P., tres veces provincial de los dominicos de Colombia y considerado uno de los bastiones de la consolidación del proceso de restauración y reorganización de la provincia dominicana en el país, incluida la restauración de la Universidad Santo Tomás. Busca dar un aporte a la construcción de la memoria histórica, tanto de la Orden de Predicadores, como de su Universidad, durante el siglo XX.

Based on written and oral primary sources, this article makes a critical biographical outline of the public actions of Fr. Alberto Ariza O.P., three times provincial of the Dominican of Colombia and considered one of the bastions for the consolidation of the process of restoration and reorganization of the Dominican province in the country, including the restoration of the University Santo Tomás. It intends to give a contribution to the construction of the historical memory of the Order of Preachers, as well as of his University, during the 20th century., Basado en fuentes primarias escritas y orales, este artículo realiza un esbozo biográfico crítico del accionar público de Fr. Alberto Ariza O.P., tres veces provincial de los dominicos de Colombia y considerado uno de los bastiones de la consolidación del proceso de restauración y reorganización de la provincia dominicana en el país, incluida la restauración de la Universidad Santo Tomás. Busca dar un aporte a la construcción de la memoria histórica, tanto de la Orden de Predicadores, como de su Universidad, durante el siglo XX.

Рассматриваются некоторые аспекты восприятия личности в викторианской Англии. Человеческая личность представляла собой один из важнейших ценностных ориентиров викторианского общества. Статья основана на двух биографических очерках, написанных У. Гладстоном, выдающимся политическим деятелем XIX в., четырежды занимавшим пост премьер-министра Великобритании. Основное внимание уделяется деятельности Гладстона как публициста и критика. Автор анализирует его цели, мотивы, стиль написания и выводы. Характеристика Гладстоном своих современников дает представление об основных ценностях Викторианской эпохи, о духе времени. Интерес к человеческой личности, вера в человеческие способности, стремление к самореализации и постоянному интеллектуальному росту были присущи как самому Гладстону, так и его современникам., The article studies some of the personality perception aspects in Victorian England where human personality played a crucial part in the Victorian society values. The article is based on two biographic essays by W. Gladstone, a prominent nineteenth century politician, four times appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain. The author concentrates their attention upon Gladstone's publicistic and critical activity, analyzing his purposes, motives and writing style, and conclusions he comes to. Gladstone's views on his contemporaries throw light on Victorian values and spirit of the times, testifying to the fact that both Gladstone and his contemporaries shared a profound interest in human personality, a belief in human capacities, and an aspiration for self-realization and constant intellectual development.

Compared to the unmistakable impact of absurd theatre, literature, and art on contemporary European and American cultures, the philosophy, morality, and politics of the absurd have remained relatively obscure. Few interpretations of Albert Camus' philosophic contribution have successfully defined the meaning of absurdity, its components and dynamics, or its moral and political consequences. This dissertation attempts to clarify these areas of absurd thought by applying the logic of ambivalence to Camus' philosophy of the absurd, revealing its compelling diagnosis of extremism and indifference, its experiential grounding for post-traditional values, and its unique appeal for moral and political maturity. After reviewing the recent history of the concept of absurdity in Nietzsche, Kierkegaard, Sartre, Nagel, and elsewhere (Chapter 2), I offer detailed analyses of Camus' absurd and the contributions of his scholarly critics (Chapter 3). I introduce the concept of ambivalence in the work of Eugen Bleuler, Sigmund Freud, Melanie Klein, Otto Kernberg, and relevant sociological and political researchers (Chapter 4) to argue that the absurd is best understood not in skeptical or existential terms, but as an ambivalent 'position' with respect to countervailing desires, primarily a desire for unity and a kind of principium individuationis (Chapter 5). These ambivalent desires are implicated in the moral and political tensions between self and others, absolutes and limits, creation and destruction, even good and evil. Applying this interpretation to Camus' The Stranger and its main character, Meursault (Chapter 6), and to The Myth of Sisyphus, The Rebel, The Plague, and other works (Chapters 7 and 8), I argue that the destructive ideologies Camus decried may be understood as defenses against the ambivalence of the absurd, while an absurd morality demands mature and creative resolutions of contradiction, resistance against defensive reactions, and deliberate moral and emotional

Das liberale Programm der Frankfurter Stiftungsuniversität und der Wille der Sponsoren, auch ungewöhnliche Berufungen, Experimente und Projekte zu fördern, zog ab 1914 innovative Gelehrte aller Disziplinen in die Main-Metropole. Pioniere ihres Fachs nutzten die Gunst der Stunde – so auch in der Physik, wo neben Friedrich Dessauer, dem Wegbreiter der Strahlenbiophysik, bedeutende Naturwissenschaftler die junge und in der wissenschaftlichen Welt noch hoch umstrittene Relativitätstheorie offensiv lehrten und in Experimenten fortführten. Erster Lehrstuhlinhaber für Theoretische Physik war der spätere Nobelpreisträger Max von Laue, ihm folgte mit Max Born ein weiterer Relativitätstheoretiker der ersten Stunde – und immerhin scheint auch Albert Einstein einen Wechsel von der Spree an den Main erwogen zu haben, wie ein erst kürzlich gefundenes Schreiben aus dem Jahr 1920 bestätigt.

Das liberale Programm der Frankfurter Stiftungsuniversität und der Wille der Sponsoren, auch ungewöhnliche Berufungen, Experimente und Projekte zu fördern, zog ab 1914 innovative Gelehrte aller Disziplinen in die Main-Metropole. Pioniere ihres Fachs nutzten die Gunst der Stunde – so auch in der Physik, wo neben Friedrich Dessauer, dem Wegbreiter der Strahlenbiophysik, bedeutende Naturwissenschaftler die junge und in der wissenschaftlichen Welt noch hoch umstrittene Relativitätstheorie offensiv lehrten und in Experimenten fortführten. Erster Lehrstuhlinhaber für Theoretische Physik war der spätere Nobelpreisträger Max von Laue, ihm folgte mit Max Born ein weiterer Relativitätstheoretiker der ersten Stunde – und immerhin scheint auch Albert Einstein einen Wechsel von der Spree an den Main erwogen zu haben, wie ein erst kürzlich gefundenes Schreiben aus dem Jahr 1920 bestätigt.

Con la muerte de Albert Einstein, el mundo científico, el mundo cultural y la sociedad entera se conmueven con el mismo sentimiento de admiración y asombro que se exteriorizaran cuando el gran físico y pensador diera a conocer, por el año de 1905 su célebre contribución que lleva por título “Teoría de la relatividad restringida”, pequeña por el número de páginas pero grande por su contenido.