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1. Low Energy Availability Followed by Optimal Energy Availability Does Not Benefit Performance in Trained Females

Author: Oxfeldt, Mikkel, Marsi, Daniel, Christensen, Peter M., Andersen, Ole Emil, Johansen, Frank Ted, Bangshaab, Maj, Risikesan, Jeyanthini, Jeppesen, Jan S., Hellsten, Ylva, Phillips, Stuart M., Melin, Anna K., Ortenblad, Niels, Hansen, Mette, Oxfeldt, Mikkel, Marsi, Daniel, Christensen, Peter M., Andersen, Ole Emil, Johansen, Frank Ted, Bangshaab, Maj, Risikesan, Jeyanthini, Jeppesen, Jan S., Hellsten, Ylva, Phillips, Stuart M., Melin, Anna K., Ortenblad, Niels, and Hansen, Mette
Abstract: Purpose: Short periods of reduced energy availability are commonly undertaken by athletes to decrease body mass, possibly improve the power-to-mass ratio, and enhance physical performance. Our primary aim was to investigate the impact of 10 d of low energy availability (LEA) followed by 2 d of optimal energy availability (OEA) on physical performance parameters in trained females. Second, physiological markers at the whole-body and molecular level related to performance were evaluated. Methods: Thirty young trained eumenorrheic females were matched in pairs based on training history and randomized to a 10-d intervention period of LEA (25 kcal.fat-free mass (FFM)(-1).d(-1)) or OEA (50 kcal.FFM-1.d(-1)) along with supervised exercise training. Before the intervention, participants underwent a 5-d run-in period with OEA + supervised exercise training. After the LEA intervention, 2 d of recovery with OEA was completed. Participants underwent muscle biopsies, blood sampling, physical performance tests, body composition measurements, and resting metabolic rate measurements. A linear mixed model was used with group and time as fixed effects and subject as random effects. Results: Compared with OEA, LEA resulted in reduced body mass, muscle glycogen content, repeated sprint ability, 4-min time-trial performance, and rate of force development of the knee extensors (absolute values; P < 0.05). Two days of recovery restored 4-min time-trial performance and partly restored repeated sprint ability, but performance remained inferior to the OEA group. When the performance data were expressed relative to body mass, LEA did not enhance performance. Conclusions: Ten days of LEA resulted in impaired performance (absolute values), with concomitant reductions in muscle glycogen. Two days of recovery with OEA partially restored these impairments, although physical performance (absolute values) was still inferior to being in OEA. Our findings do not support the thesis that LEA giving r
Published: 2024
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2. Low Energy Availability Followed by Optimal Energy Availability Does Not Benefit Performance in Trained Females

Author: Oxfeldt, Mikkel, Marsi, Daniel, Christensen, Peter M., Andersen, Ole Emil, Johansen, Frank Ted, Bangshaab, Maj, Risikesan, Jeyanthini, Jeppesen, Jan S., Hellsten, Ylva, Phillips, Stuart M., Melin, Anna K., Ørtenblad, Niels, Hansen, Mette, Oxfeldt, Mikkel, Marsi, Daniel, Christensen, Peter M., Andersen, Ole Emil, Johansen, Frank Ted, Bangshaab, Maj, Risikesan, Jeyanthini, Jeppesen, Jan S., Hellsten, Ylva, Phillips, Stuart M., Melin, Anna K., Ørtenblad, Niels, and Hansen, Mette
Abstract: Purpose Short periods of reduced energy availability are commonly undertaken by athletes to decrease body mass, possibly improve the power-to-mass ratio, and enhance physical performance. Our primary aim was to investigate the impact of 10 d of low energy availability (LEA) followed by 2 d of optimal energy availability (OEA) on physical performance parameters in trained females. Second, physiological markers at the whole-body and molecular level related to performance were evaluated. Methods Thirty young trained eumenorrheic females were matched in pairs based on training history and randomized to a 10-d intervention period of LEA (25 kcal·fat-free mass (FFM)-1·d-1) or OEA (50 kcal·FFM-1·d-1) along with supervised exercise training. Before the intervention, participants underwent a 5-d run-in period with OEA + supervised exercise training. After the LEA intervention, 2 d of recovery with OEA was completed. Participants underwent muscle biopsies, blood sampling, physical performance tests, body composition measurements, and resting metabolic rate measurements. A linear mixed model was used with group and time as fixed effects and subject as random effects. Results Compared with OEA, LEA resulted in reduced body mass, muscle glycogen content, repeated sprint ability, 4-min time-trial performance, and rate of force development of the knee extensors (absolute values; P < 0.05). Two days of recovery restored 4-min time-trial performance and partly restored repeated sprint ability, but performance remained inferior to the OEA group. When the performance data were expressed relative to body mass, LEA did not enhance performance. Conclusions Ten days of LEA resulted in impaired performance (absolute values), with concomitant reductions in muscle glycogen. Two days of recovery with OEA partially restored these impairments, although physical performance (absolute values) was still inferior to being in OEA. Our findings do not
Published: 2024

3. Global and regional ocean mass budget closure since 2003

Author: Ludwigsen, Carsten Bjerre, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Marzeion, Ben, Malles, Jan Hendrik, Müller Schmied, Hannes, Döll, Petra, Watson, Christopher, King, Matt A., Ludwigsen, Carsten Bjerre, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Marzeion, Ben, Malles, Jan Hendrik, Müller Schmied, Hannes, Döll, Petra, Watson, Christopher, and King, Matt A.
Abstract: In recent sea level studies, discrepancies have arisen in ocean mass observations obtained from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment and its successor, GRACE Follow-On, with GRACE estimates consistently appearing lower than density-corrected ocean volume observations since 2015. These disparities have raised concerns about potential systematic biases in sea-level observations, with significant implications for our understanding of this essential climate variable. Here, we reconstruct the global and regional ocean mass change through models of ice and water mass changes on land and find that it closely aligns with both GRACE and density-corrected ocean volume observations after implementing recent adjustments to the wet troposphere correction and halosteric sea level. While natural variability in terrestrial water storage is important on interannual timescales, we find that the net increase in ocean mass over 20 years can be almost entirely attributed to ice wastage and human management of water resources.
Published: 2024

4. Determining primary stability for adhesively stabilized dental implants

Author: Andersen, Ole Zoffmann, Bellon, Benjamin, Lamkaouchi, Maryam, Brunelli, Marzia, Wei, Qiuju, Procter, Philip, Pippenger, Benjamin E., Andersen, Ole Zoffmann, Bellon, Benjamin, Lamkaouchi, Maryam, Brunelli, Marzia, Wei, Qiuju, Procter, Philip, and Pippenger, Benjamin E.
Abstract: Objectives: To examine factors influencing the primary stability of dental implants when stabilized in over-sized osteotomies using a calcium phosphate-based adhesive cement was the objective. Methods: Using implant removal torque measurements as a surrogate for primary stability, we examined the influence of implant design features (diameter, surface area, and thread design), along with cement gap size and curing time, on the resulting primary implant stability. Results: Removal torque values scaled with implant surface area and increasing implant diameters. Cement gap size did not alter the median removal torque values; however, larger gaps were associated with an increased spread of the measured values. Among the removal torque values measured, all were found to be above 32 Ncm which is an insertion torque threshold value commonly recommended for immediate loading protocols. Conclusion: The adhesive cement show potential for offering primary implant stability for different dental implant designs. In this study, the primary parameters influencing the measured removal torque values were the implant surface area and diameter. As the liquid cement prevents the use of insertion torque, considering the relationship between insertion and removal torque, removal torque can be considered a reliable surrogate for primary implant stability for bench and pre-clinical settings.
Published: 2023
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5. Determining primary stability for adhesively stabilized dental implants

Author: Andersen, Ole Zoffmann, Bellon, Benjamin, Lamkaouchi, Maryam, Brunelli, Marzia, Wei, Qiuju, Procter, Philip, Pippenger, Benjamin E., Andersen, Ole Zoffmann, Bellon, Benjamin, Lamkaouchi, Maryam, Brunelli, Marzia, Wei, Qiuju, Procter, Philip, and Pippenger, Benjamin E.
Abstract: Objectives: To examine factors influencing the primary stability of dental implants when stabilized in over-sized osteotomies using a calcium phosphate-based adhesive cement was the objective. Methods: Using implant removal torque measurements as a surrogate for primary stability, we examined the influence of implant design features (diameter, surface area, and thread design), along with cement gap size and curing time, on the resulting primary implant stability. Results: Removal torque values scaled with implant surface area and increasing implant diameters. Cement gap size did not alter the median removal torque values; however, larger gaps were associated with an increased spread of the measured values. Among the removal torque values measured, all were found to be above 32 Ncm which is an insertion torque threshold value commonly recommended for immediate loading protocols. Conclusion: The adhesive cement show potential for offering primary implant stability for different dental implant designs. In this study, the primary parameters influencing the measured removal torque values were the implant surface area and diameter. As the liquid cement prevents the use of insertion torque, considering the relationship between insertion and removal torque, removal torque can be considered a reliable surrogate for primary implant stability for bench and pre-clinical settings.
Published: 2023
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6. Near real-time altimetry for river monitoring—a global assessment of Sentinel-3

Author: Jiang, Liguang, Zhao, Yanan, Nielsen, Karina, Andersen, Ole B, Bauer-Gottwein, Peter, Jiang, Liguang, Zhao, Yanan, Nielsen, Karina, Andersen, Ole B, and Bauer-Gottwein, Peter
Abstract: For applications such as weather, flood, and drought forecasting that need water level estimates as soon as possible, near real-time (NRT) products are most appropriate. Unlike in-situ sensors for water level measurements, which typically deliver NRT data, satellite altimeters deliver physically meaningful observations with substantial delays after acquisition. The new radar altimetry mission, Sentinel-3, is capable of delivering NRT water levels within a few hours of observation. Currently, it remains unexplored how accurate the NRT product is in the context of river monitoring. This study assesses Sentinel-3A/B NRT products in mapping river water level variations globally. Based on a three-year comparison, we find that the water level derived from NRT is almost as good as that from the delayed products (median root-mean-square error (RMSE): 21.5 cm and 23.5 for S3A and S3B), and both products achieve very similar RMSE values (median: 52.5 cm and 59.0 cm for NRT and non-time critical) against in-situ data at 25 locations. This study highlights the usefulness of Sentinel-3 NRT product for river monitoring and forecasting. And we recommend the NRT product if latency is a primary concern.
Published: 2023

7. Determining primary stability for adhesively stabilized dental implants

Author: Andersen, Ole Zoffmann, Bellon, Benjamin, Lamkaouchi, Maryam, Brunelli, Marzia, Wei, Qiuju, Procter, Philip, Pippenger, Benjamin E., Andersen, Ole Zoffmann, Bellon, Benjamin, Lamkaouchi, Maryam, Brunelli, Marzia, Wei, Qiuju, Procter, Philip, and Pippenger, Benjamin E.
Abstract: Objectives: To examine factors influencing the primary stability of dental implants when stabilized in over-sized osteotomies using a calcium phosphate-based adhesive cement was the objective. Methods: Using implant removal torque measurements as a surrogate for primary stability, we examined the influence of implant design features (diameter, surface area, and thread design), along with cement gap size and curing time, on the resulting primary implant stability. Results: Removal torque values scaled with implant surface area and increasing implant diameters. Cement gap size did not alter the median removal torque values; however, larger gaps were associated with an increased spread of the measured values. Among the removal torque values measured, all were found to be above 32 Ncm which is an insertion torque threshold value commonly recommended for immediate loading protocols. Conclusion: The adhesive cement show potential for offering primary implant stability for different dental implant designs. In this study, the primary parameters influencing the measured removal torque values were the implant surface area and diameter. As the liquid cement prevents the use of insertion torque, considering the relationship between insertion and removal torque, removal torque can be considered a reliable surrogate for primary implant stability for bench and pre-clinical settings.
Published: 2023
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8. Seamless seafloor topography determination from shallow to deep waters over island areas using airborne gravimetry

Author: Wu, Yihao, Li, Yu, Jia, Dongzhen, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Abulaitijiang, Adili, Luo, Zhicai, He, Xiufeng, Wu, Yihao, Li, Yu, Jia, Dongzhen, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Abulaitijiang, Adili, Luo, Zhicai, and He, Xiufeng
Abstract: We study the role of airborne gravimetry for seamless bathymetry modeling over the Paracel Islands in the northern South China Sea (SCS) and investigate the possibility of using Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) data and Satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) to evaluate bathymetry models over shallow waters. We use ICESat-2 data for training Sentinel-2 imagery and derive the SDB data with a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 0.29–0.50 m, which is lower than 10% of the maximum depths. The local bathymetry is modeled by using a modified version of the S&S bandpass filter, and a partition-wise scheme is applied for determining the scaling factors. Numerical experiments verify the feasibility of using ICESat-2 and SDB data to assess bathymetry models. By utilizing the airborne gravity data, the fit between the computed bathymetry and the SDB data is significantly improved, by 18.7%–58.0% over different shallow waters compared with recently released bathymetry models. The bathymetry predicted from the airborne data has also higher performance in deep water areas, which performs best in all these depth ranges from 500 to 3000 m. In comparison with the existing models, the RMSEs of the misfits between the computed bathymetry and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration depths are reduced by tens to hundreds of meters in different depth ranges. Our study highlights that using airborne gravimetry for bathymetry modeling over island areas is advantageous, in both shallow and deep waters, and that ICESat-2 and SDB data can largely alleviate the lack of in situ depths over shallow waters.
Published: 2023

9. The DTU21 global mean sea surface and first evaluation

Author: Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Rose, Stine Kildegaard, Abulaitijiang, Adili, Zhang, Shengjun, Fleury, Sara, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Rose, Stine Kildegaard, Abulaitijiang, Adili, Zhang, Shengjun, and Fleury, Sara
Abstract: A new mean sea surface (MSS) from the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) called DTU21MSS for referencing sea-level anomalies from satellite altimetry is introduced in this paper, and a suite of evaluations are performed. One of the reasons for updating the existing mean sea surface is the fact that during the last 6 years, nearly 3 times as many data have been made available by space agencies, resulting in more than 15 years of altimetry from long-repeat orbits (LROs) or geodetic missions. This includes the two interleaved long-repeat cycles of Jason-2 with a systematic cross-track distance as low as 4ĝ€¯km. A new processing chain with updated filtering and editing has been implemented for the DTU21MSS. This way, the DTU21MSS has been computed from 2ĝ€¯Hz altimetry in contrast to the former DTU15MSS and DTU18MSS which were computed from 1ĝ€¯Hz altimetry. The new DTU21MSS is computed over the same 20-year averaging time from 1 January 1993 to 31 December 2012 with a well-specified central time of 1 January 2003 and is available from 10.11583/DTU.19383221.v1 (Andersen, 2022). Cryosat-2 employs synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and SAR interferometric (SARin) modes in a large part of the Arctic Ocean due to the presence of sea ice. For SAR- and SARin-mode data we applied the SAMOSA+ physical retracking to make it compatible with the physical retracker used for conventional low-resolution-mode data in other parts of the ocean.
Published: 2023

10. Polar Ocean Tides—Revisited Using Cryosat-2

Author: Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Rose, Stine Kildegaard, Hart-Davis, Michael G., Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Rose, Stine Kildegaard, and Hart-Davis, Michael G.
Abstract: With the availability of more than 9 years of Cryosat-2, it is possible to revisit polar ocean tides, which have traditionally been difficult to determine from satellite altimetry. The SAMOSA+ physical retracker is a stable retracker developed particularly for Cryosat-2. Being a physical retracker, it enables the determination of the sea state bias. Correcting for the sea state bias enables more reliable sea level estimates compared with traditional empirical retrackers used before. Cryosat-2 data have been analyzed for residual ocean tides to the FES2014 ocean tide model in the Arctic Ocean and Antarctic Ocean using the response formalism. We utilize data from the sub-cycle of Cryosat-2, which follows a repeating pattern of approximately 28.33 days. This sub-repeat period makes it an advantageous alias period for the majority of significant constituents. This allowed for the estimation and mapping of the major tidal constituents in the open ocean and also in floating ice shelves from data extracted from leads in the sea ice. A novel empirical ocean tide model designed specifically for the polar region, DTU22, is introduced. Our findings reveal substantial enhancements in semi-diurnal tides within the Arctic Ocean and improvement in diurnal constituents within the Southern Ocean. In the Southern Ocean, the diurnal constituents are particularly improved using the empirical model by more than a factor of two to around 3 cm for both constituents compared with FES2014b. These outcomes underscore the significance of incorporating the reprocessed and retracted Cryosat-2 data into tidal modeling, highlighting its pivotal role in advancing the field.
Published: 2023

11. Towards Operational Fiducial Reference Measurement (FRM) Data for the Calibration and Validation of the Sentinel-3 Surface Topography Mission over Inland Waters, Sea Ice, and Land Ice

Author: Da Silva, Elodie, Woolliams, Emma R., Picot, Nicolas, Poisson, Jean Christophe, Skourup, Henriette, Moholdt, Geir, Fleury, Sara, Behnia, Sajedeh, Favier, Vincent, Arnaud, Laurent, Aublanc, Jérémie, Fouqueau, Valentin, Taburet, Nicolas, Renou, Julien, Yesou, Hervé, Tarpanelli, Angelica, Camici, Stefania, Fredensborg Hansen, Renée Mie, Nielsen, Karina, Vivier, Frédéric, Boy, François, Fjørtoft, Roger, Cancet, Mathilde, Ferrari, Ramiro, Picard, Ghislain, Tourian, Mohammad J., Sneeuw, Nicolaas, Munesa, Eric, Calzas, Michel, Paris, Adrien, Le Meur, Emmanuel, Rabatel, Antoine, Valladeau, Guillaume, Bonnefond, Pascal, Labroue, Sylvie, Andersen, Ole, El Hajj, Mahmoud, Catapano, Filomena, Féménias, Pierre, Da Silva, Elodie, Woolliams, Emma R., Picot, Nicolas, Poisson, Jean Christophe, Skourup, Henriette, Moholdt, Geir, Fleury, Sara, Behnia, Sajedeh, Favier, Vincent, Arnaud, Laurent, Aublanc, Jérémie, Fouqueau, Valentin, Taburet, Nicolas, Renou, Julien, Yesou, Hervé, Tarpanelli, Angelica, Camici, Stefania, Fredensborg Hansen, Renée Mie, Nielsen, Karina, Vivier, Frédéric, Boy, François, Fjørtoft, Roger, Cancet, Mathilde, Ferrari, Ramiro, Picard, Ghislain, Tourian, Mohammad J., Sneeuw, Nicolaas, Munesa, Eric, Calzas, Michel, Paris, Adrien, Le Meur, Emmanuel, Rabatel, Antoine, Valladeau, Guillaume, Bonnefond, Pascal, Labroue, Sylvie, Andersen, Ole, El Hajj, Mahmoud, Catapano, Filomena, and Féménias, Pierre
Abstract: The Copernicus Sentinel-3 Surface Topography Mission (STM) Land Altimetry provides valuable surface elevation information over inland waters, sea ice, and land ice, thanks to its synthetic aperture radar (SAR) altimeter and its orbit that covers high-latitude polar regions. To ensure that these measurements are reliable and to maximise the return on investment, adequate validation of the geophysical retrieval methods, processing algorithms, and corrections must be performed using independent observations. The EU-ESA project St3TART (started July 2021) aims to generalise the concept of Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRMs) for the Copernicus Sentinel-3 STM. This work has gathered existing data, made new observations during field campaigns, and ensured that these observations meet the criteria of FRM standards so that they can be used to validate Sentinel-3 STM Land Altimetry products operationally. A roadmap for the operational provision of the FRM, including the definition, consolidation, and identification of the most relevant and cost-effective methods and protocols to be maintained, supported, or implemented, has been developed. The roadmap includes guidelines for SI traceability, definitions of FRM measurement procedures, processing methods, and uncertainty budget estimations.
Published: 2023

12. Earth Explorer 11 Candidate Mission Seastar Report for Assessment - Revealing fast dynamics at ocean margins

Author: Gommenginger, Christine, Alvera-Azcarate, Aida, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Ardhuin, Fabrice, Bonaduce, Antonio, Breivik, Øyvind, Collard, Fabrice, Dabboor, Mohammed, King, Robert, Staneva, Joanna, Stoffelen, Ad, Woolf, David, Martin, Adrien, McCann, David, Gommenginger, Christine, Alvera-Azcarate, Aida, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Ardhuin, Fabrice, Bonaduce, Antonio, Breivik, Øyvind, Collard, Fabrice, Dabboor, Mohammed, King, Robert, Staneva, Joanna, Stoffelen, Ad, Woolf, David, Martin, Adrien, and McCann, David
Abstract: Seastar is one of four mission candidates to the ESA Earth Explorer 11 call, an innovative mission concept dedicated to observing fast-evolving small-scale ocean surface dynamics in all coastal seas, shelf seas and marginal ice zones. Seastar would measure fast-evolving small-scale ocean dynamics with critical 1 day revisit time and 1 km resolution to study exchanges of heat, carbon and nutrients at boundaries between land, the cryosphere, the atmosphere and the deep ocean. It would deliver the first comprehensive high- resolution description of currents, winds and waves in the global coastal, shelf and marginal ice zones to improve their representation in models and identify coastal hazards, pollution pathways and impacts on marine energy, food and ecosystems. Seastar would carry a high-squint three-azimuth along-track radar interferometer, enabling the simultaneous observation and separation of ocean surface total currents and vector winds with unmatched revisit, coverage, and sensitivity.
Published: 2023

13. Usefulness of Heat Map Explanations for Deep-Learning-Based Electrocardiogram Analysis

Author: Storås, Andrea M., Andersen, Ole Emil, Lockhart, Sam, Thielemann, Roman, Gnesin, Filip, Thambawita, Vajira, Hicks, Steven A., Kanters, Jørgen K., Strümke, Inga, Halvorsen, Pål, Riegler, Michael A., Storås, Andrea M., Andersen, Ole Emil, Lockhart, Sam, Thielemann, Roman, Gnesin, Filip, Thambawita, Vajira, Hicks, Steven A., Kanters, Jørgen K., Strümke, Inga, Halvorsen, Pål, and Riegler, Michael A.
Abstract: Deep neural networks are complex machine learning models that have shown promising results in analyzing high-dimensional data such as those collected from medical examinations. Such models have the potential to provide fast and accurate medical diagnoses. However, the high complexity makes deep neural networks and their predictions difficult to understand. Providing model explanations can be a way of increasing the understanding of “black box” models and building trust. In this work, we applied transfer learning to develop a deep neural network to predict sex from electrocardiograms. Using the visual explanation method Grad-CAM, heat maps were generated from the model in order to understand how it makes predictions. To evaluate the usefulness of the heat maps and determine if the heat maps identified electrocardiogram features that could be recognized to discriminate sex, medical doctors provided feedback. Based on the feedback, we concluded that, in our setting, this mode of explainable artificial intelligence does not provide meaningful information to medical doctors and is not useful in the clinic. Our results indicate that improved explanation techniques that are tailored to medical data should be developed before deep neural networks can be applied in the clinic for diagnostic purposes.
Published: 2023

14. ICESat-2 for Coastal MSS Determination—Evaluation in the Norwegian Coastal Zone

Author: Tomić, Matea, Baltazar Andersen, Ole, Tomić, Matea, and Baltazar Andersen, Ole
Abstract: Radar satellite altimeters enable the determination of the mean sea surface to centimeter accuracy, which can be degraded in coastal areas because of the lack of valid altimetry observations due to land contamination and the altimeter footprint size. In 2018, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration launched ICESat-2, a laser altimetry mission equipped with the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System, providing measurements every 0.7 m in the along-track direction. Taking into account the complexity of the Norwegian coastline, this study aims to evaluate coastal observations from ICESat-2 in order to use it to update the existing mean sea surface for Norway, NMBU18. We, therefore, determined the mean sea surface using only ICESat-2 observations and compared it with mean sea level observations from 23 permanent tide gauges along the entire coast and 21 temporary tide gauges in Norway’s largest and deepest fjord, Sognefjorden. We also included two global mean sea surface models and NMBU18 for comparison. The results have shown that ICESat-2 is indeed able to provide more valid observations in the coastal zone, which can be used to improve the mean sea surface model, especially along the coast.
Published: 2023

15. Low energy availability reduces myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic muscle protein synthesis in trained females

Author: Oxfeldt, Mikkel, Phillips, Stuart M., Andersen, Ole Emil, Johansen, Frank Ted, Bangshaab, Maj, Risikesan, Jeyanthini, McKendry, James, Melin, Anna K., Hansen, Mette, Oxfeldt, Mikkel, Phillips, Stuart M., Andersen, Ole Emil, Johansen, Frank Ted, Bangshaab, Maj, Risikesan, Jeyanthini, McKendry, James, Melin, Anna K., and Hansen, Mette
Abstract: Low energy availability (LEA) describes a state where the energy intake is insufficient to cover the energy costs of both exercise energy expenditure and basal physiological body functions. LEA has been associated with various physiological consequences, such as reproductive dysfunction. However, the effect of LEA on skeletal muscle protein synthesis in females performing exercise training is still poorly understood. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to investigate the impact of LEA on daily integrated myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic muscle protein synthesis in trained females. Thirty eumenorrheic females were matched based on training history and randomized to undergo 10 days of LEA (25 kcal.kg fat-free mass (FFM)(-1).day(-1)) or optimal energy availability (OEA, 50 kcal.kg FFM-1.day(-1)). Before the intervention, both groups underwent a 5-day 'run-in' period with OEA. All foods were provided throughout the experimental period with a protein content of 2.2 g kg leanmass(-1).day(-1). A standardized, supervised combined resistance and cardiovascular exercise training programme was performed over the experimental period. Daily integrated muscle protein synthesis was measured by deuterium oxide (D2O) consumption along with changes in body composition, resting metabolic rate, blood biomarkers and 24 h nitrogen balance. We found that LEA reduced daily integrated myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic muscle protein synthesis compared with OEA. Concomitant reductions were observed in lean mass, urinary nitrogen balance, free androgen index, thyroid hormone concentrations and resting metabolic rate following LEA. These results highlight that LEA may negatively affect skeletal muscle adaptations in females performing exercise training.
Published: 2023
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16. Determining primary stability for adhesively stabilized dental implants

Author: Andersen, Ole Zoffmann, Bellon, Benjamin, Lamkaouchi, Maryam, Brunelli, Marzia, Wei, Qiuju, Procter, Philip, Pippenger, Benjamin E., Andersen, Ole Zoffmann, Bellon, Benjamin, Lamkaouchi, Maryam, Brunelli, Marzia, Wei, Qiuju, Procter, Philip, and Pippenger, Benjamin E.
Abstract: Objectives: To examine factors influencing the primary stability of dental implants when stabilized in over-sized osteotomies using a calcium phosphate-based adhesive cement was the objective. Methods: Using implant removal torque measurements as a surrogate for primary stability, we examined the influence of implant design features (diameter, surface area, and thread design), along with cement gap size and curing time, on the resulting primary implant stability. Results: Removal torque values scaled with implant surface area and increasing implant diameters. Cement gap size did not alter the median removal torque values; however, larger gaps were associated with an increased spread of the measured values. Among the removal torque values measured, all were found to be above 32 Ncm which is an insertion torque threshold value commonly recommended for immediate loading protocols. Conclusion: The adhesive cement show potential for offering primary implant stability for different dental implant designs. In this study, the primary parameters influencing the measured removal torque values were the implant surface area and diameter. As the liquid cement prevents the use of insertion torque, considering the relationship between insertion and removal torque, removal torque can be considered a reliable surrogate for primary implant stability for bench and pre-clinical settings.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Usefulness of Heat Map Explanations for Deep-Learning-Based Electrocardiogram Analysis

Author: Storås, Andrea M., Andersen, Ole Emil, Lockhart, Sam, Thielemann, Roman, Gnesin, Filip, Thambawita, Vajira, Hicks, Steven A., Kanters, Jørgen K., Strümke, Inga, Halvorsen, Pål, Riegler, Michael A., Storås, Andrea M., Andersen, Ole Emil, Lockhart, Sam, Thielemann, Roman, Gnesin, Filip, Thambawita, Vajira, Hicks, Steven A., Kanters, Jørgen K., Strümke, Inga, Halvorsen, Pål, and Riegler, Michael A.
Abstract: Deep neural networks are complex machine learning models that have shown promising results in analyzing high-dimensional data such as those collected from medical examinations. Such models have the potential to provide fast and accurate medical diagnoses. However, the high complexity makes deep neural networks and their predictions difficult to understand. Providing model explanations can be a way of increasing the understanding of “black box” models and building trust. In this work, we applied transfer learning to develop a deep neural network to predict sex from electrocardiograms. Using the visual explanation method Grad-CAM, heat maps were generated from the model in order to understand how it makes predictions. To evaluate the usefulness of the heat maps and determine if the heat maps identified electrocardiogram features that could be recognized to discriminate sex, medical doctors provided feedback. Based on the feedback, we concluded that, in our setting, this mode of explainable artificial intelligence does not provide meaningful information to medical doctors and is not useful in the clinic. Our results indicate that improved explanation techniques that are tailored to medical data should be developed before deep neural networks can be applied in the clinic for diagnostic purposes.
Published: 2023

18. Lowered muscle glycogen reduces body mass with no effect on short-term exercise performance in men

Author: Schytz, Camilla Tvede, Ørtenblad, Niels, Birkholm, Thor Andersen, Plomgaard, Peter, Nybo, Lars, Kolnes, Kristoffer Jensen, Andersen, Ole Emil, Lundby, Carsten, Nielsen, Joachim, Gejl, Kasper Degn, Schytz, Camilla Tvede, Ørtenblad, Niels, Birkholm, Thor Andersen, Plomgaard, Peter, Nybo, Lars, Kolnes, Kristoffer Jensen, Andersen, Ole Emil, Lundby, Carsten, Nielsen, Joachim, and Gejl, Kasper Degn
Abstract: Performance in short-duration sports is highly dependent on muscle glycogen, but the total degradation is only moderate and considering the water-binding property of glycogen, unnecessary storing of glycogen may cause an unfavorable increase in body mass. To investigate this, we determined the effect of manipulating dietary carbohydrates (CHO) on muscle glycogen content, body mass and short-term exercise performance. In a cross-over design twenty-two men completed two maximal cycle tests of either 1-min (n = 10) or 15-min (n = 12) duration with different pre-exercise muscle glycogen levels. Glycogen manipulation was initiated three days prior to the tests by exercise-induced glycogen-depletion followed by ingestion of a moderate (M-CHO) or high (H-CHO) CHO-diet. Subjects were weighed before each test, and muscle glycogen content was determined in biopsies from m. vastus lateralis before and after each test. Pre-exercise muscle glycogen content was lower following M-CHO than H-CHO (367 mmol · kg-1 DW vs. 525 mmol · kg-1 DW, p < 0.00001), accompanied by a 0.7 kg lower body mass (p < 0.00001). No differences were observed in performance between diets in neither the 1-min (p = 0.33) nor the 15-min (P = 0.99) test. In conclusion, pre-exercise muscle glycogen content and body mass was lower after ingesting moderate compared with high amounts of CHO, while short-term exercise performance was unaffected. This demonstrates that adjusting pre-exercise glycogen levels to the requirements of competition may provide an attractive weight management strategy in weight-bearing sports, particularly in athletes with high resting glycogen levels.
Published: 2023

19. Lowered muscle glycogen reduces body mass with no effect on short-term exercise performance in men

Author: Schytz, Camilla Tvede, Ørtenblad, Niels, Birkholm, Thor Andersen, Plomgaard, Peter, Nybo, Lars, Kolnes, Kristoffer Jensen, Andersen, Ole Emil, Lundby, Carsten, Nielsen, Joachim, Gejl, Kasper Degn, Schytz, Camilla Tvede, Ørtenblad, Niels, Birkholm, Thor Andersen, Plomgaard, Peter, Nybo, Lars, Kolnes, Kristoffer Jensen, Andersen, Ole Emil, Lundby, Carsten, Nielsen, Joachim, and Gejl, Kasper Degn
Abstract: Performance in short-duration sports is highly dependent on muscle glycogen, but the total degradation is only moderate and considering the water-binding property of glycogen, unnecessary storing of glycogen may cause an unfavorable increase in body mass. To investigate this, we determined the effect of manipulating dietary carbohydrates (CHO) on muscle glycogen content, body mass and short-term exercise performance. In a cross-over design twenty-two men completed two maximal cycle tests of either 1-min (n = 10) or 15-min (n = 12) duration with different pre-exercise muscle glycogen levels. Glycogen manipulation was initiated three days prior to the tests by exercise-induced glycogen-depletion followed by ingestion of a moderate (M-CHO) or high (H-CHO) CHO-diet. Subjects were weighed before each test, and muscle glycogen content was determined in biopsies from m. vastus lateralis before and after each test. Pre-exercise muscle glycogen content was lower following M-CHO than H-CHO (367 mmol · kg-1 DW vs. 525 mmol · kg-1 DW, p < 0.00001), accompanied by a 0.7 kg lower body mass (p < 0.00001). No differences were observed in performance between diets in neither the 1-min (p = 0.33) nor the 15-min (P = 0.99) test. In conclusion, pre-exercise muscle glycogen content and body mass was lower after ingesting moderate compared with high amounts of CHO, while short-term exercise performance was unaffected. This demonstrates that adjusting pre-exercise glycogen levels to the requirements of competition may provide an attractive weight management strategy in weight-bearing sports, particularly in athletes with high resting glycogen levels.
Published: 2023

20. Modulation of Spinal Nociceptive Excitability by Nociceptive-Visual Interaction

Author: UCL - SSS/IONS/COSY - Systems & cognitive Neuroscience, Filbrich, Lieve, Frahm, Steffen K., Andersen, Ole K., UCL - SSS/IONS/COSY - Systems & cognitive Neuroscience, Filbrich, Lieve, Frahm, Steffen K., and Andersen, Ole K.
Abstract: Pain, besides its contribution to body homeostasis, has also the function of providing information on external stimuli that can potentially harm the body. Such exteroceptive function relies on an optimally integrated multisensory representation of the body and its surrounding space, which is based on the interaction between somatic and extra-somatic stimuli occurring near the body. While the existence of such interactions between nociceptive and visual stimuli has recently been demonstrated, showing that visual stimuli outside the body can impact the perception of nociceptive stimuli and vice versa, their functional role is not clear yet. It is indeed hypothesized that one of the functions of such multisensory representations would be to optimize defensive reactions against threatening stimuli. However, the idea of this potential defensive purpose has, to date, mainly been based on a set of studies conducted in non-human primates. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether interactions between nociceptive and external visual stimuli can shape motor reactions of the stimulated limb. More specifically, we tested in 24 participants whether spinal nociceptive excitability, as measured by the spinal nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) in response to noxious stimuli, can be modulated by external visual stimuli, specifically those approaching the body part on which the nociceptive stimuli are applied. NWRs were elicited by applying transcutaneous electrical stimuli in the sole of the foot of the participants. Depending on the condition, the electrical stimulus was either preceded by a dynamic visual stimulus rapidly approaching a location near the stimulated foot (NWR-visual near condition), a dynamic visual stimulus approaching a location further away from the stimulated foot (NWR-visual far condition), or was applied without any dynamic visual stimulus (NWR only condition). The electrical stimulation could be applied at one out of two possible time points of
Published: 2022

21. SAR Ship–Iceberg Discrimination in Arctic Conditions Using Deep Learning

Author: Heiselberg, Peder, Sørensen, Kristian A., Heiselberg, Henning, Andersen, Ole B., Heiselberg, Peder, Sørensen, Kristian A., Heiselberg, Henning, and Andersen, Ole B.
Abstract: Maritime surveillance of the Arctic region is of growing importance as shipping, fishing and tourism are increasing due to the sea ice retreat caused by global warming. Ships that do not identify themselves with a transponder system, so-called dark ships, pose a security risk. They can be detected by SAR satellites, which can monitor the vast Arctic region through clouds, day and night, with the caveat that the abundant icebergs in the Arctic cause false alarms. We collect and analyze 200 Sentinel-1 horizontally polarized SAR scenes from areas with high maritime traffic and from the Arctic region with a high density of icebergs. Ships and icebergs are detected using a continuous wavelet transform, which is optimized by correlating ships to known AIS positions. Globally, we are able to assign 72% of the AIS signals to a SAR ship and 32% of the SAR ships to an AIS signal. The ships are used to construct an annotated dataset of more than 9000 ships and ten times as many icebergs. The dataset is used for training several convolutional neural networks, and we propose a new network which achieves state of the art performance compared to previous ship–iceberg discrimination networks, reaching 93% validation accuracy. Furthermore, we collect a smaller test dataset consisting of 424 ships from 100 Arctic scenes which are correlated to AIS positions. This dataset constitutes an operational Arctic test scenario. We find these ships harder to classify with a lower test accuracy of 83%, because some of the ships sail near icebergs and ice floes, which confuses the classification algorithms.
Published: 2022

22. Impact of different retrieval methodologies and snow depths on altimetry-based estimations of: pan-Arctic sea ice thickness, and sea ice outflow and freshwater fluxes through Fram Strait

Author: Hansen, Renée Mie Fredensborg, Skourup, Henriette, Saldo, Roberto, Laforge, Antoine, Garnier, Florent, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Di Bella, Alessandro, Fleury, Sara, Landy, Jack, Femenias, Pierre, Bouffard, Jerome, Hansen, Renée Mie Fredensborg, Skourup, Henriette, Saldo, Roberto, Laforge, Antoine, Garnier, Florent, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Di Bella, Alessandro, Fleury, Sara, Landy, Jack, Femenias, Pierre, and Bouffard, Jerome
Published: 2022

23. A new Arctic MSS model derived from combined Cryosat-2 and ICESat observations

Author: Chen, Guodong, Zhang, Zhijie, Rose, Stine Kildegaard, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Zhang, Shengjun, Jin, Taoyong, Chen, Guodong, Zhang, Zhijie, Rose, Stine Kildegaard, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Zhang, Shengjun, and Jin, Taoyong
Abstract: Due to the existence of seasonal or perennial sea ice cover, the determination of the Arctic sea surface is more difficult than that of mid-low latitudinal oceans. Focusing on the sea surface height in the ice-covered region, this paper constructs a new Arctic mean sea surface (MSS) model, named SUST22, by combining the measurements from ICESat and Cryosat-2 missions. The lead detection methods of ICESat and Cryosat-2 are first studied and modified to acquire sea surface measurements with better accuracy. The results have shown that the standard deviation of Cryosat-2-derived Arctic sea surface height is about 3–4 cm in 10-km resolution grids, while the value of ICESat is 5–6 cm. Then the MSS construction procedure is discussed and the SUST22 MSS model is constructed. The new model is compared with the other four Arctic MSS models. The best agreement is found between SUST22 and DTU21 with an average difference of −4.0 ± 5.2 cm. These models are also validated by ICESat-2 samples. The average difference between ICESat-2 and SUST22 is 15.8 ± 7.4 cm, which shows that the new model SUST22 presents better consistency with the ICESat-2 than any of the other models.
Published: 2022

24. Påvirker ældres bekymringerne for at falde risikoaversion?

Author: Andersen, Ole Ejnar, McLean, Amber Kjær, Andersen, Ole Ejnar, and McLean, Amber Kjær
Published: 2022

25. Påvirker ældres bekymringerne for at falde risikoaversion?

Author: Andersen, Ole Ejnar, McLean, Amber Kjær, Andersen, Ole Ejnar, and McLean, Amber Kjær
Published: 2022

26. Consolidating ICESat-2 Ocean Wave Characteristics with CryoSat-2 during the CRYO2ICE Campaign

Author: Nilsson, Bjarke, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Ranndal, Heidi, Rasmussen, Mikkel Lydholm, Nilsson, Bjarke, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Ranndal, Heidi, and Rasmussen, Mikkel Lydholm
Abstract: Using the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite 2 (ICESat-2) global high-resolution elevation measurements, it is possible to distinguish individual surface ocean waves. With the vast majority of ocean surveying missions using radar satellites, ICESat-2 observations are an important addition to ocean surveys. ICESat-2 can also provide additional observations not possible with radar. In this paper, we consolidate the ICESat-2 ocean observations by comparing the significant wave height (SWH) with coincident CryoSat-2 radar observations during the CRYO2ICE campaign from August 2020 to August 2021. We use 136 orbit segments, constrained to the Pacific and Atlantic oceans as well as the Bering Sea, to compare observations to show the level of agreement between these systems. Three models based on ICESat-2 are used in the comparison: the standard ocean data output (ATL12), a method of modeling the individual surface waves using the geolocated photons and, functioning as a baseline, an approach using the standard deviation of the ocean surface. We find the following correlations between the SWHs from the models and the SWHs from CryoSat-2: 0.97 for ATL12, 0.95 for the observed waves model, and 0.97 for the standard deviation model. In the same comparison, we find mean differences relative to the observed SWHs for each model, as well as errors, which increase as the SWH increases. The SWH observed from ICESat-2 is found to agree with observations from CryoSat-2, with limitations due to changes in the sea state between the satellite observations. Observing the individual surface waves from ICESat-2 can therefore provide additional observed properties of the sea state that can be used alongside other global observations.
Published: 2022

27. Spectrally Consistent Mean Dynamic Topography by Combining Mean Sea Surface and Global Geopotential Model Through a Least Squares-Based Approach

Author: Shi, Hongkai, He, Xiufeng, Wu, Yihao, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Knudsen, Per, Liu, Yanxiong, Zhang, Zhetao, Shi, Hongkai, He, Xiufeng, Wu, Yihao, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Knudsen, Per, Liu, Yanxiong, and Zhang, Zhetao
Abstract: The filtering procedure is usually mandatory for modeling mean dynamic topography (MDT) when a geodetic approach based on the Mean Sea Surface (MSS) and the Global Geopotential Model (GGM) is used. This is due to the inconsistent spectral contents between MSS and GGM. However, traditional isotropic filtering algorithms (e.g., Gaussian filter) consider neither the MDT locations nor their azimuth when smoothing the signal within the filtering radius. Hence, the isotropic filtering will attenuate the MDT signal near the current and filter the current signal into the surrounding ocean, which may lead to signal contamination and distortion. In this study, we set up a least squares-based (LS) approach to model MDT signal from the altimeter-derived MSS and geoid height using spherical harmonics from GGMs, where MDT is parameterized by Lagrange Basis Functions (LBFs). The design matrix is segmentally established, considering the error information of GGM in various spectral bands. Numerical experiments in the Gulf Stream show that applications of full error variance-covariance matrix or only diagonal error variance of GGM may have marginal effects on the MDT modeling. The MDT computed from this LS-based approach using the latest releases of Gravity Field and Steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) geoid models, i.e., GO_CONS_GCF_2_DIR_R6 and Gravity Observation Combination 06s model (GOCO06s), have the best agreement with the comparison data, especially near the current region. Deduced geostrophic velocities based on the MDT solutions show that the LS-based approach recovers the current signal better than the Gaussian filtering by 1.8 cm/s. Estimated error map illustrates that errors are more concentrated near the coastal region.
Published: 2022

28. Components of 21 years (1995-2015) of absolute sea level trends in the Arctic

Author: Ludwigsen, Carsten Bjerre, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Rose, Stine Kildegaard, Ludwigsen, Carsten Bjerre, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, and Rose, Stine Kildegaard
Abstract: The Arctic Ocean is at the frontier of the fast-changing climate in the northern latitudes, and sea level trends are a bulk measure of ongoing processes related to climate change. Observations of sea level in the Arctic Ocean are nonetheless difficult to validate with independent measurements, and this is globally the region where the sea level trend (SLT) is most uncertain. The aim of this study is to create a satellite-independent reconstruction of Arctic SLT, as it is observed by altimetry and tide gauges (TGs). Previous studies use Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) observations to estimate the manometric (mass component of) SLT. GRACE estimates, however, are challenged by large mass changes on land, which are difficult to separate from much smaller ocean mass changes. Furthermore, GRACE is not available before 2003, which significantly limits the period and makes the trend more vulnerable to short-term changes. As an alternative approach, this study estimates the climate-change-driven Arctic manometric SLT from the Arctic sea level fingerprints of glaciers, Greenland, Antarctica and glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) with the addition of the long-term inverse barometer (IB) effect. The halosteric and thermosteric components complete the reconstructed Arctic SLT and are estimated by interpolating 300 000 temperature (T) and salinity (S) in situ observations.The SLT from 1995–2015 is compared to the observed SLT from altimetry and 12 selected tide gauges (TGs) corrected for vertical land movement (VLM). The reconstructed estimate manifests the salinity-driven halosteric component as dominating the spatial SLT pattern with variations between −7 and 10 mm yr−1. The manometric SLT in comparison is estimated to be 1–2 mm yr−1 for most of the Arctic Ocean. The reconstructed SLT shows a larger sea level rise in the Beaufort Sea compared to altimetry, an issue that is also identified by previous studies. There i
Published: 2022

29. The importance of reef habitats for fish, harbor porpoise and fisheries management

Author: Svendsen, Jon C., Kruse, Bo M., Wilms, Tim, Dahl, Karsten, Buur, Helle, Andersen, Ole G. N., Bertelsen, Jeannet L., Kindt-Larsen, Lotte, Svendsen, Jon C., Kruse, Bo M., Wilms, Tim, Dahl, Karsten, Buur, Helle, Andersen, Ole G. N., Bertelsen, Jeannet L., and Kindt-Larsen, Lotte
Abstract: This project deployed cobble reefs in Flensburg Fjord (Sønderborg Bay) to study the reef effects in relation to fish abundance, benthic flora and fauna as well as harbour porpoise abundance. Extraction of boulders from the seabed has been prohibited in Denmark since 2010. In contrast, sand, stones and small rocks are still extracted from the seabed in dedicated marine areas. Extraction of relatively small stones and rocks (cobble) has the potential to influence marine life locally, but the topic has received limited attention in Denmark. This project examined the hypothesis that deployed reefs could provide substrate for macro algae and host various fish species as well as harbour porpoise. For example, it is well known that Atlantic herring is spawning near hard surfaces, where the eggs attach to rocky substrates or macro algae growing on the rocky substrates. Other fish species may accumulate in the area to feed on both the eggs and the adult herring. The herring and the predators may further attract harbor porpoises and thereby enable trophic interactions. Moreover, this project describes methodology to restore cobble reefs in Sønderborg Bay in Denmark. Collaborating closely with local stakeholders, and the organization Als Stenrev in particular, the project provides stepwise guidelines for 1) finding evidence of previous benthic extractions, 2) identifying sites for reef deployments, 3) getting permits for the reef deployments, and 4) collaborating with the contractor eventually deploying the reef. The study found no evidence of recent cobble extraction in the Sønderborg Bay. Reefs were successfully deployed at two sites in the bay. Likewise, the project identified marine sites with natural cobble reefs and sites without any reefs for comparisons across the timeframe of the project. Underwater cameras revealed that total fish abundance increased after reef deployment. For example, the abundance of Atlantic cod appeared to respond positively to the constructed re
Published: 2022

30. Global sea-level budget and ocean-mass budget, with a focus on advanced data products and uncertainty characterisation

Author: Horwath, Martin, Gutknecht, Benjamin D., Cazenave, Anny, Palanisamy, Hindumathi Kulaiappan, Marti, Florence, Marzeion, Ben, Paul, Frank, Le Bris, Raymond, Hogg, Anna E., Otosaka, Inès, Shepherd, Andrew, Döll, Petra, Cáceres, Denise, Müller Schmied, Hannes, Johannessen, Johnny A., Nilsen, Jan Even Øie, Raj, Roshin P., Forsberg, René, Sandberg Sørensen, Louise, Barletta, Valentina R., Simonsen, Sebastian B., Knudsen, Per, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Ranndal, Heidi, Rose, Stine K., Merchant, Christopher J., Macintosh, Claire R., Von Schuckmann, Karina, Novotny, Kristin, Groh, Andreas, Restano, Marco, Benveniste, Jérôme, Horwath, Martin, Gutknecht, Benjamin D., Cazenave, Anny, Palanisamy, Hindumathi Kulaiappan, Marti, Florence, Marzeion, Ben, Paul, Frank, Le Bris, Raymond, Hogg, Anna E., Otosaka, Inès, Shepherd, Andrew, Döll, Petra, Cáceres, Denise, Müller Schmied, Hannes, Johannessen, Johnny A., Nilsen, Jan Even Øie, Raj, Roshin P., Forsberg, René, Sandberg Sørensen, Louise, Barletta, Valentina R., Simonsen, Sebastian B., Knudsen, Per, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Ranndal, Heidi, Rose, Stine K., Merchant, Christopher J., Macintosh, Claire R., Von Schuckmann, Karina, Novotny, Kristin, Groh, Andreas, Restano, Marco, and Benveniste, Jérôme
Abstract: Studies of the global sea-level budget (SLB) and the global ocean-massbudget (OMB) are essential to assess the reliability of our knowledge ofsea-level change and its contributors. Here we present datasets for timesseries of the SLB and OMB elements developed in the framework of ESA'sClimate Change Initiative. We use these datasets to assess the SLB and theOMB simultaneously, utilising a consistent framework of uncertaintycharacterisation. The time series, given at monthly sampling and availableat https://doi.org/10.5285/17c2ce31784048de93996275ee976fff (Horwath etal., 2021), include global mean sea-level (GMSL) anomalies from satellitealtimetry, the global mean steric component from Argo drifter data withincorporation of sea surface temperature data, the ocean-mass component fromGravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite gravimetry, thecontribution from global glacier mass changes assessed by a global glaciermodel, the contribution from Greenland Ice Sheet and Antarctic Ice Sheetmass changes assessed by satellite radar altimetry and by GRACE, andthe contribution from land water storage anomalies assessed by the globalhydrological model WaterGAP (Water Global Assessment and Prognosis). Over the period January 1993–December 2016 (P1, covered by the satellite altimetry records), the mean rate (linear trend) of GMSL is 3.05 ± 0.24 mm yr−1. The steric component is 1.15 ± 0.12 mm yr−1 (38 % of the GMSL trend), and the mass component is 1.75 ± 0.12 mm yr−1 (57 %). The mass component includes 0.64 ± 0.03 mm yr−1 (21 % of the GMSL trend) from glaciers outsideGreenland and Antarctica, 0.60 ± 0.04 mm yr−1 (20 %) fromGreenland, 0.19 ± 0.04 mm yr−1 (6 %) from Antarctica, and0.32 ± 0.10 mm yr−1 (10 %) from changes of land water storage. In the period January 2003–August 2016 (P2, covered by GRACE and the Argo drifter system), GMSL rise is higher than in P1 at 3.64 ± 0.26 mm yr−1
Published: 2022

31. River levels from multi mission altimetry, a statistical approach

Author: Nielsen, Karina, Zakharova, Elena, Tarpanelli, Angelica, Andersen, Ole B., Benveniste, Jérôme, Nielsen, Karina, Zakharova, Elena, Tarpanelli, Angelica, Andersen, Ole B., and Benveniste, Jérôme
Abstract: Satellite altimetry is a key technique to measure water level change in continental water bodies. Altimetry-based water level time series of rivers are typically constructed at locations where the satellite ground tracks intersect the rivers, the so-called virtual stations. The relatively low sampling frequency (10–27 days) of the repeat missions may result in an under-sampling of the hydrological regime in rivers with sub-monthly to weekly events. We are currently in a unique position with more than a handful satellite altimetry missions simultaneously mapping the surface elevation of the Earth. In combination, these missions contain an unexploited potential to obtain a more detailed picture of the hydrological regime of many of the Earth's rivers. The task of combining water levels measured at different locations and/or by satellites with different orbits is however, challenging due to e.g. topography, intermission biases, variation in river morphology, and other unidentified causes. In this work, we present a new method to combine multi-mission altimetry-based water levels from a river reach. This will also enable the use of geodetic missions like CryoSat-2 and SARAL/AltiKa (after June 2016) in water level time series. To combine the data we set up a state-space model where the process part is a first-order autoregressive process. The observations as a function of time and distance along the reach are described as a sum of the water level at a given time scaled by a distance-dependent factor, the mean water level at the given distance, and an error term. The scale factor and the mean water level are modeled with spline functions. We employ the model for the six rivers Lena, Solimões, Mississippi, Danube, Po, and Red, which range in width from 3 km to a few hundred meters. For each river, we consider a reach of 200–300 km and apply water levels from the satellite altimetry missions CryoSat-2, Sentinel-3A/3B, and SARAL/AltiKa. The selected reach must have
Published: 2022

32. Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress

Author: Abdalla, Saleh, Kolahchi, Abdolnabi Abdeh, Ablain, Michael, Adusumilli, Susheel, Bhowmick, Suchandra Aich, Alou-font, Eva, Amarouche, Laiba, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Antich, Helena, Aouf, Lotfi, Arbic, Brian, Armitage, Thomas, Arnault, Sabine, Artana, Camila, Aulicino, Giuseppe, Ayoub, Nadia, Badulin, Sergei, Baker, Steven, Banks, Chris, Bao, Lifeng, Barbetta, Silvia, Barcelo-llull, Barbara, Barlier, Francois, Basu, Sujit, Bauer-gottwein, Peter, Becker, Matthias, Beckley, Brian, Bellefond, Nicole, Belonenko, Tatyana, Benkiran, Mounir, Benkouider, Touati, Bennartz, Ralf, Benveniste, Jerome, Bercher, Nicolas, Berge-nguyen, Muriel, Bettencourt, Joao, Blarel, Fabien, Blazquez, Alejandro, Blumstein, Denis, Bonnefond, Pascal, Borde, Franck, Bouffard, Jerome, Boy, Francois, Boy, Jean-paul, Brachet, Cedric, Brasseur, Pierre, Braun, Alexander, Brocca, Luca, Brockley, David, Brodeau, Laurent, Brown, Shannon, Bruinsma, Sean, Bulczak, Anna, Buzzard, Sammie, Cahill, Madeleine, Calmant, Stephane, Calzas, Michel, Camici, Stefania, Cancet, Mathilde, Capdeville, Hugues, Carabajal, Claudia Cristina, Carrere, Loren, Cazenave, Anny, Chassignet, Eric P., Chauhan, Prakash, Cherchali, Selma, Chereskin, Teresa, Cheymol, Cecile, Ciani, Daniele, Cipollini, Paolo, Cirillo, Francesca, Cosme, Emmanuel, Coss, Steve, Cotroneo, Yuri, Cotton, David, Couhert, Alexandre, Coutin-faye, Sophie, Cretaux, Jean-francois, Cyr, Frederic, D'Ovidio, Francesco, Darrozes, Jose, David, Cedric, Dayoub, Nadim, De Staerke, Danielle, Deng, Xiaoli, Desai, Shailen, Desjonqueres, Jean-damien, Dettmering, Denise, Di Bella, Alessandro, Diaz-barroso, Lara, Dibarboure, Gerald, Dieng, Habib Boubacar, Dinardo, Salvatore, Dobslaw, Henryk, Dodet, Guillaume, Doglioli, Andrea, Domeneghetti, Alessio, Donahue, David, Dong, Shenfu, Donlon, Craig, Dorandeu, Joel, Drezen, Christine, Drinkwater, Mark, Du Penhoat, Yves, Dushaw, Brian, Egido, Alejandro, Erofeeva, Svetlana, Escudier, Philippe, Esselborn, Saskia, Exertier, Pierre, Fablet, Ronan, Falco, Cedric, Farrell, Sinead Louise, Faugere, Yannice, Femenias, Pierre, Fenoglio, Luciana, Fernandes, Joana, Gabriel Fernandez, Juan, Ferrage, Pascale, Ferrari, Ramiro, Fichen, Lionel, Filippucci, Paolo, Flampouris, Stylianos, Fleury, Sara, Fornari, Marco, Forsberg, Rene, Frappart, Frederic, Frery, Marie-laure, Garcia, Pablo, Garcia-mondejar, Albert, Gaudelli, Julia, Gaultier, Lucile, Getirana, Augusto, Gibert, Ferran, Gil, Artur, Gilbert, Lin, Gille, Sarah, Giulicchi, Luisella, Gomez-enri, Jesus, Gomez-navarro, Laura, Gommenginger, Christine, Gourdeau, Lionel, Griffin, David, Groh, Andreas, Guerin, Alexandre, Guerrero, Raul, Guinle, Thierry, Gupta, Praveen, Gutknecht, Benjamin D., Hamon, Mathieu, Han, Guoqi, Hauser, Daniele, Helm, Veit, Hendricks, Stefan, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hogg, Anna, Horwath, Martin, Idzanovic, Martina, Janssen, Peter, Jeansou, Eric, Jia, Yongjun, Jia, Yuanyuan, Jiang, Liguang, Johannessen, Johnny A., Kamachi, Masafumi, Karimova, Svetlana, Kelly, Kathryn, Kim, Sung Yong, King, Robert, Kittel, Cecile M. M., Klein, Patrice, Klos, Anna, Knudsen, Per, Koenig, Rolf, Kostianoy, Andrey, Kouraev, Alexei, Kumar, Raj, Labroue, Sylvie, Selene Lago, Loreley, Lambin, Juliette, Lasson, Lea, Laurain, Olivier, Laxenaire, Remi, Lazaro, Clara, Le Gac, Sophie, Le Sommer, Julien, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Lebedev, Sergey, Leger, Fabien, Legresy, Benoit, Lemoine, Frank, Lenain, Luc, Leuliette, Eric, Levy, Marina, Lillibridge, John, Liu, Jianqiang, Llovel, William, Lyard, Florent, Macintosh, Claire, Varona, Eduard Makhoul, Manfredi, Cecile, Marin, Frederic, Mason, Evan, Massari, Christian, Mavrocordatos, Constantin, Maximenko, Nikolai, Mcmillan, Malcolm, Medina, Thierry, Melet, Angelique, Meloni, Marco, Mertikas, Stelios, Metref, Sammy, Meyssignac, Benoit, Minster, Jean-francois, Moreau, Thomas, Moreira, Daniel, Morel, Yves, Morrow, Rosemary, Moyard, John, Mulet, Sandrine, Naeije, Marc, Nerem, Robert Steven, Ngodock, Hans, Nielsen, Karina, Nilsen, Jan Even Oie, Nino, Fernando, Loddo, Carolina Nogueira, Nous, Camille, Obligis, Estelle, Otosaka, Ines, Otten, Michiel, Ozbahceci, Berguzar Oztunali, Raj, Roshin P., Paiva, Rodrigo, Paniagua, Guillermina, Paolo, Fernando, Paris, Adrien, Pascual, Ananda, Passaro, Marcello, Paul, Stephan, Pavelsky, Tamlin, Pearson, Christopher, Penduff, Thierry, Peng, Fukai, Perosanz, Felix, Picot, Nicolas, Piras, Fanny, Poggiali, Valerio, Poirier, Etienne, De Leon, Sonia Ponce, Prants, Sergey, Prigent, Catherine, Provost, Christine, Pujol, M-isabelle, Qiu, Bo, Quilfen, Yves, Rami, Ali, Raney, R. Keith, Rayna, Matthias, Remy, Elisabeth, Remy, Frederique, Restano, Marco, Richardson, Annie, Richardson, Donald, Ricker, Robert, Ricko, Martina, Rinne, Eero, Rose, Stine Kildegaard, Rosmorduc, Vinca, Rudenko, Sergei, Ruiz, Simon, Ryan, Barbara J., Salaun, Corinne, Sanchez-roman, Antonio, Sorensen, Louise Sandberg, Sandwell, David, Saraceno, Martin, Scagliola, Michele, Schaeffer, Philippe, Scharffenberg, Martin G., Scharroo, Remko, Schiller, Andreas, Schneider, Raphael, Schwatke, Christian, Scozzari, Andrea, Ser-giacomi, Enrico, Seyler, Frederique, Shah, Rashmi, Sharma, Rashmi, Shaw, Andrew, Shepherd, Andrew, Shriver, Jay, Shum, C. K., Simons, Wim, Simonsen, Sebatian B., Slater, Thomas, Smith, Walter, Soares, Saulo, Sokolovskiy, Mikhail, Soudarin, Laurent, Spatar, Ciprian, Speich, Sabrina, Srinivasan, Margaret, Srokosz, Meric, Stanev, Emil, Staneva, Joanna, Steunou, Nathalie, Stroeve, Julienne, Su, Bob, Sulistioadi, Yohanes Budi, Swain, Debadatta, Sylvestre-baron, Annick, Taburet, Nicolas, Tailleux, Remi, Takayama, Katsumi, Tapley, Byron, Tarpanelli, Angelica, Tavernier, Gilles, Testut, Laurent, Thakur, Praveen K., Thibaut, Pierre, Thompson, Luanne, Tintore, Joaquin, Tison, Celine, Tourain, Cedric, Tournadre, Jean, Townsend, Bill, Tran, Ngan, Trilles, Sebastien, Tsamados, Michel, Tseng, Kuo-hsin, Ubelmann, Clement, Uebbing, Bernd, Vergara, Oscar, Verron, Jacques, Vieira, Telmo, Vignudelli, Stefano, Shiffer, Nadya Vinogradova, Visser, Pieter, Vivier, Frederic, Volkov, Denis, Von Schuckmann, Karina, Vuglinskii, Valerii, Vuilleumier, Pierrik, Walter, Blake, Wang, Jida, Wang, Chao, Watson, Christopher, Wilkin, John, Willis, Josh, Wilson, Hilary, Woodworth, Philip, Yang, Kehan, Yao, Fangfang, Zaharia, Raymond, Zakharova, Elena, Zaron, Edward D., Zhang, Yongsheng, Zhao, Zhongxiang, Zinchenko, Vadim, Zlotnicki, Victor, Abdalla, Saleh, Kolahchi, Abdolnabi Abdeh, Ablain, Michael, Adusumilli, Susheel, Bhowmick, Suchandra Aich, Alou-font, Eva, Amarouche, Laiba, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Antich, Helena, Aouf, Lotfi, Arbic, Brian, Armitage, Thomas, Arnault, Sabine, Artana, Camila, Aulicino, Giuseppe, Ayoub, Nadia, Badulin, Sergei, Baker, Steven, Banks, Chris, Bao, Lifeng, Barbetta, Silvia, Barcelo-llull, Barbara, Barlier, Francois, Basu, Sujit, Bauer-gottwein, Peter, Becker, Matthias, Beckley, Brian, Bellefond, Nicole, Belonenko, Tatyana, Benkiran, Mounir, Benkouider, Touati, Bennartz, Ralf, Benveniste, Jerome, Bercher, Nicolas, Berge-nguyen, Muriel, Bettencourt, Joao, Blarel, Fabien, Blazquez, Alejandro, Blumstein, Denis, Bonnefond, Pascal, Borde, Franck, Bouffard, Jerome, Boy, Francois, Boy, Jean-paul, Brachet, Cedric, Brasseur, Pierre, Braun, Alexander, Brocca, Luca, Brockley, David, Brodeau, Laurent, Brown, Shannon, Bruinsma, Sean, Bulczak, Anna, Buzzard, Sammie, Cahill, Madeleine, Calmant, Stephane, Calzas, Michel, Camici, Stefania, Cancet, Mathilde, Capdeville, Hugues, Carabajal, Claudia Cristina, Carrere, Loren, Cazenave, Anny, Chassignet, Eric P., Chauhan, Prakash, Cherchali, Selma, Chereskin, Teresa, Cheymol, Cecile, Ciani, Daniele, Cipollini, Paolo, Cirillo, Francesca, Cosme, Emmanuel, Coss, Steve, Cotroneo, Yuri, Cotton, David, Couhert, Alexandre, Coutin-faye, Sophie, Cretaux, Jean-francois, Cyr, Frederic, D'Ovidio, Francesco, Darrozes, Jose, David, Cedric, Dayoub, Nadim, De Staerke, Danielle, Deng, Xiaoli, Desai, Shailen, Desjonqueres, Jean-damien, Dettmering, Denise, Di Bella, Alessandro, Diaz-barroso, Lara, Dibarboure, Gerald, Dieng, Habib Boubacar, Dinardo, Salvatore, Dobslaw, Henryk, Dodet, Guillaume, Doglioli, Andrea, Domeneghetti, Alessio, Donahue, David, Dong, Shenfu, Donlon, Craig, Dorandeu, Joel, Drezen, Christine, Drinkwater, Mark, Du Penhoat, Yves, Dushaw, Brian, Egido, Alejandro, Erofeeva, Svetlana, Escudier, Philippe, Esselborn, Saskia, Exertier, Pierre, Fablet, Ronan, Falco, Cedric, Farrell, Sinead Louise, Faugere, Yannice, Femenias, Pierre, Fenoglio, Luciana, Fernandes, Joana, Gabriel Fernandez, Juan, Ferrage, Pascale, Ferrari, Ramiro, Fichen, Lionel, Filippucci, Paolo, Flampouris, Stylianos, Fleury, Sara, Fornari, Marco, Forsberg, Rene, Frappart, Frederic, Frery, Marie-laure, Garcia, Pablo, Garcia-mondejar, Albert, Gaudelli, Julia, Gaultier, Lucile, Getirana, Augusto, Gibert, Ferran, Gil, Artur, Gilbert, Lin, Gille, Sarah, Giulicchi, Luisella, Gomez-enri, Jesus, Gomez-navarro, Laura, Gommenginger, Christine, Gourdeau, Lionel, Griffin, David, Groh, Andreas, Guerin, Alexandre, Guerrero, Raul, Guinle, Thierry, Gupta, Praveen, Gutknecht, Benjamin D., Hamon, Mathieu, Han, Guoqi, Hauser, Daniele, Helm, Veit, Hendricks, Stefan, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hogg, Anna, Horwath, Martin, Idzanovic, Martina, Janssen, Peter, Jeansou, Eric, Jia, Yongjun, Jia, Yuanyuan, Jiang, Liguang, Johannessen, Johnny A., Kamachi, Masafumi, Karimova, Svetlana, Kelly, Kathryn, Kim, Sung Yong, King, Robert, Kittel, Cecile M. M., Klein, Patrice, Klos, Anna, Knudsen, Per, Koenig, Rolf, Kostianoy, Andrey, Kouraev, Alexei, Kumar, Raj, Labroue, Sylvie, Selene Lago, Loreley, Lambin, Juliette, Lasson, Lea, Laurain, Olivier, Laxenaire, Remi, Lazaro, Clara, Le Gac, Sophie, Le Sommer, Julien, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Lebedev, Sergey, Leger, Fabien, Legresy, Benoit, Lemoine, Frank, Lenain, Luc, Leuliette, Eric, Levy, Marina, Lillibridge, John, Liu, Jianqiang, Llovel, William, Lyard, Florent, Macintosh, Claire, Varona, Eduard Makhoul, Manfredi, Cecile, Marin, Frederic, Mason, Evan, Massari, Christian, Mavrocordatos, Constantin, Maximenko, Nikolai, Mcmillan, Malcolm, Medina, Thierry, Melet, Angelique, Meloni, Marco, Mertikas, Stelios, Metref, Sammy, Meyssignac, Benoit, Minster, Jean-francois, Moreau, Thomas, Moreira, Daniel, Morel, Yves, Morrow, Rosemary, Moyard, John, Mulet, Sandrine, Naeije, Marc, Nerem, Robert Steven, Ngodock, Hans, Nielsen, Karina, Nilsen, Jan Even Oie, Nino, Fernando, Loddo, Carolina Nogueira, Nous, Camille, Obligis, Estelle, Otosaka, Ines, Otten, Michiel, Ozbahceci, Berguzar Oztunali, Raj, Roshin P., Paiva, Rodrigo, Paniagua, Guillermina, Paolo, Fernando, Paris, Adrien, Pascual, Ananda, Passaro, Marcello, Paul, Stephan, Pavelsky, Tamlin, Pearson, Christopher, Penduff, Thierry, Peng, Fukai, Perosanz, Felix, Picot, Nicolas, Piras, Fanny, Poggiali, Valerio, Poirier, Etienne, De Leon, Sonia Ponce, Prants, Sergey, Prigent, Catherine, Provost, Christine, Pujol, M-isabelle, Qiu, Bo, Quilfen, Yves, Rami, Ali, Raney, R. Keith, Rayna, Matthias, Remy, Elisabeth, Remy, Frederique, Restano, Marco, Richardson, Annie, Richardson, Donald, Ricker, Robert, Ricko, Martina, Rinne, Eero, Rose, Stine Kildegaard, Rosmorduc, Vinca, Rudenko, Sergei, Ruiz, Simon, Ryan, Barbara J., Salaun, Corinne, Sanchez-roman, Antonio, Sorensen, Louise Sandberg, Sandwell, David, Saraceno, Martin, Scagliola, Michele, Schaeffer, Philippe, Scharffenberg, Martin G., Scharroo, Remko, Schiller, Andreas, Schneider, Raphael, Schwatke, Christian, Scozzari, Andrea, Ser-giacomi, Enrico, Seyler, Frederique, Shah, Rashmi, Sharma, Rashmi, Shaw, Andrew, Shepherd, Andrew, Shriver, Jay, Shum, C. K., Simons, Wim, Simonsen, Sebatian B., Slater, Thomas, Smith, Walter, Soares, Saulo, Sokolovskiy, Mikhail, Soudarin, Laurent, Spatar, Ciprian, Speich, Sabrina, Srinivasan, Margaret, Srokosz, Meric, Stanev, Emil, Staneva, Joanna, Steunou, Nathalie, Stroeve, Julienne, Su, Bob, Sulistioadi, Yohanes Budi, Swain, Debadatta, Sylvestre-baron, Annick, Taburet, Nicolas, Tailleux, Remi, Takayama, Katsumi, Tapley, Byron, Tarpanelli, Angelica, Tavernier, Gilles, Testut, Laurent, Thakur, Praveen K., Thibaut, Pierre, Thompson, Luanne, Tintore, Joaquin, Tison, Celine, Tourain, Cedric, Tournadre, Jean, Townsend, Bill, Tran, Ngan, Trilles, Sebastien, Tsamados, Michel, Tseng, Kuo-hsin, Ubelmann, Clement, Uebbing, Bernd, Vergara, Oscar, Verron, Jacques, Vieira, Telmo, Vignudelli, Stefano, Shiffer, Nadya Vinogradova, Visser, Pieter, Vivier, Frederic, Volkov, Denis, Von Schuckmann, Karina, Vuglinskii, Valerii, Vuilleumier, Pierrik, Walter, Blake, Wang, Jida, Wang, Chao, Watson, Christopher, Wilkin, John, Willis, Josh, Wilson, Hilary, Woodworth, Philip, Yang, Kehan, Yao, Fangfang, Zaharia, Raymond, Zakharova, Elena, Zaron, Edward D., Zhang, Yongsheng, Zhao, Zhongxiang, Zinchenko, Vadim, and Zlotnicki, Victor
Abstract: In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the “Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other
Published: 2021
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33. The SARAL/AltiKa mission: A step forward to the future of altimetry

Author: Verron, Jacques, Bonnefond, Pascal, Andersen, Ole, Ardhuin, Fabrice, Bergé-nguyen, Muriel, Bhowmick, Suchandra, Blumstein, Denis, Boy, François, Brodeau, Laurent, Crétaux, Jean-françois, Dabat, Mei Ling, Dibarboure, Gérald, Fleury, Sara, Garnier, Florent, Gourdeau, Lionel, Marks, Karen, Queruel, Nadège, Sandwell, David, Smith, Walter H.f., Zaron, Ed, Verron, Jacques, Bonnefond, Pascal, Andersen, Ole, Ardhuin, Fabrice, Bergé-nguyen, Muriel, Bhowmick, Suchandra, Blumstein, Denis, Boy, François, Brodeau, Laurent, Crétaux, Jean-françois, Dabat, Mei Ling, Dibarboure, Gérald, Fleury, Sara, Garnier, Florent, Gourdeau, Lionel, Marks, Karen, Queruel, Nadège, Sandwell, David, Smith, Walter H.f., and Zaron, Ed
Abstract: The CNES/ISRO altimetric satellite SARAL/AltiKa was launched in February 2013 and since then has provided useful data for various scientific and operational applications in oceanography, hydrology, cryospheric sciences and geodesy. However, a Reaction Wheel problem forced relaxation of the repeatability constraint on the satellite’s orbit, which has been drifting slowly since July 2016. Beyond the expected contributions of this mission and its very good integration into the objectives of the constellation of altimetric satellites, it has become more and more apparent that specific contributions and innovations related to the main specification of SARAL/AltiKa, that is to say the use of the Ka-band, have clearly emerged. The advantages of the Ka-band are in short the reduction of ionosphere effects, the smaller footprint, the better horizontal resolution and the higher vertical resolution. A drawback of the Ka-band is the attenuation due to water/water vapor in case of rain and the resulting loss of data. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the specific advances of the Ka-band in different scientific and technical fields and to show why they are promising for the future and open the way to several missions or mission projects. Although unplanned initially, the fine coverage of the Drifting Phase brings some interesting openings especially for geodesy and hydrology applications.
Published: 2021
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34. GNSS-IR Measurements of Inter Annual Sea Level Variations in Thule, Greenland from 2008–2019

Author: Dahl-Jensen, Trine S., Andersen, Ole B., Williams, Simon D. P., Helm, Veit, Khan, Shfaqat A., Dahl-Jensen, Trine S., Andersen, Ole B., Williams, Simon D. P., Helm, Veit, and Khan, Shfaqat A.
Abstract: Studies of global sea level often exclude Tide Gauges (TGs) in glaciated regions due to vertical land movement. Recent studies show that geodetic GNSS stations can be used to estimate sea level by taking advantage of the reflections from the ocean surface using GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR). This method has the immediate benefit that one can directly correct for bedrock movements as measured by the GNSS station. Here we test whether GNSS-IR can be used for measurements of inter annual sea level variations in Thule, Greenland, which is affected by sea ice and icebergs during much of the year. We do this by comparing annual average sea level variations using the two methods from 2008–2019. Comparing the individual sea level measurements over short timescales we find a root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 13 cm, which is similar to other studies using spectral methods. The RMSD for the annual average sea level variations between TG and GNSS-IR is large (18 mm) compared to the estimated uncertainties concerning the measurements. We expect that this is in part due to the TG not being datum controlled. We find sea level trends from GNSS-IR and TG of −4 and −7 mm/year, respectively. The negative trend can be partly explained by a gravimetric decrease in sea level as a result of ice mass changes. We model the gravimetric sea level from 2008–2017 and find a trend of −3 mm/year.
Published: 2021

35. GNSS-IR Measurements of Inter Annual Sea Level Variations in Thule, Greenland from 2008–2019

Author: Dahl-Jensen, Trine S., Andersen, Ole B., Williams, Simon D. P., Helm, Veit, Khan, Shfaqat A., Dahl-Jensen, Trine S., Andersen, Ole B., Williams, Simon D. P., Helm, Veit, and Khan, Shfaqat A.
Abstract: Studies of global sea level often exclude Tide Gauges (TGs) in glaciated regions due to vertical land movement. Recent studies show that geodetic GNSS stations can be used to estimate sea level by taking advantage of the reflections from the ocean surface using GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR). This method has the immediate benefit that one can directly correct for bedrock movements as measured by the GNSS station. Here we test whether GNSS-IR can be used for measurements of inter annual sea level variations in Thule, Greenland, which is affected by sea ice and icebergs during much of the year. We do this by comparing annual average sea level variations using the two methods from 2008–2019. Comparing the individual sea level measurements over short timescales we find a root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 13 cm, which is similar to other studies using spectral methods. The RMSD for the annual average sea level variations between TG and GNSS-IR is large (18 mm) compared to the estimated uncertainties concerning the measurements. We expect that this is in part due to the TG not being datum controlled. We find sea level trends from GNSS-IR and TG of −4 and −7 mm/year, respectively. The negative trend can be partly explained by a gravimetric decrease in sea level as a result of ice mass changes. We model the gravimetric sea level from 2008–2017 and find a trend of −3 mm/year.
Published: 2021

36. Exploit satellite altimetry to improve coastal tide estimation

Author: Andersen, Ole Baltazar (Prof. Dr.), Seitz, Florian (Prof. Dr.), Piccioni, Gaia, Andersen, Ole Baltazar (Prof. Dr.), Seitz, Florian (Prof. Dr.), and Piccioni, Gaia
Abstract: This work illustrates how the latest coastal altimetric algorithms are exploited to improve tidal estimations at the coast. The EOT19p tide model is derived from 27 years of altimetry data and it is based on multi-mission weighted least-squares. The assessment against in situ data shows that EOT19 improves with respect to the former model, EOT11a, up to 35.39% in the North Sea, and gives the lowest median absolute differences for single tidal constituents against state-of-the-art tide models., Diese Arbeit zeigt, wie neuartige Datenanalysemethoden der Satellitenaltimetrie die Schätzung von Gezeitensignalen im Küstenbereich verbessern. Das resultierende EOT19p-Gezeitenmodell basiert auf einer gewichteten Kleinste-Quadrate-Ausgleichung von Multi-Missions-Altimeterbeobachtungen über 27 Jahre. Die Validierung gegenüber Pegelmessungen zeigt, dass EOT19p gegenüber dem Vorgängermodell EOT11a in der Nordsee um bis zu 35,39% bessere Ergebnisse liefert. Gegenüber anderen aktuellen Gezeitenmodellen weist es für einzelne Partialtiden die kleinsten mittleren Abweichungen auf.
Published: 2021

37. Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress

Author: Abdalla, Saleh, Abdeh Kolahchi, Abdolnabi, Adusumilli, Susheel, Aich Bhowmick, Suchandra, Alou-Font, Eva, Amarouche, Laiba, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Antich, Helena, Aouf, Lotfi, Arbic, Brian, Armitage, Thomas, Arnault, Sabine, Artana, Camila, Aulicino, Giuseppe, Ayoub, Nadia, Badulin, Sergei, Baker, Steven, Banks, Chris, Bao, Lifeng, Barbetta, Silvia, Barceló-Llull, Bàrbara, Barlier, François, Basu, Sujit, Bauer-Gottwein, Peter, Becker, Matthias, Beckley, Brian, Bellefond, Nicole, Belonenko, Tatyana, Benkiran, Mounir, Benkouider, Touati, Bennartz, Ralf, Benveniste, Jérôme, Bercher, Nicolas, Berge-Nguyen, Muriel, Bettencourt, Joao, Blarel, Fabien, Blazquez, Alejandro, Blumstein, Denis, Bonnefond, Pascal, Borde, Franck, Bouffard, Jérôme, Boy, François, Boy, Jean-Paul, Brachet, Cédric, Brasseur, Pierre, Braun, Alexander, Brocca, Luca, Brockley, David, Brodeau, Laurent, Brown, Shannon, Bruinsma, Sean, Bulczak, Anna, Buzzard, Sammie, Cahill, Madeleine, Calmant, Stéphane, Calzas, Michel, Camici, Stefania, Cancet, Mathilde, Capdeville, Hugues, Carabajal, Claudia Cristina, Carrere, Loren, Cazenave, Anny, Chassignet, Eric P., Chauhan, Prakash, Cherchali, Selma, Chereskin, Teresa, Cheymol, Cecile, Ciani, Daniele, Cipollini, Paolo, Cirillo, Francesca, Cosme, Emmanuel, Coss, Steve, Cotroneo, Yuri, Cotton, David, Couhert, Alexandre, Coutin-Faye, Sophie, Crétaux, Jean-François, Cyr, Frederic, d’Ovidio, Francesco, Darrozes, José, David, Cedric, Dayoub, Nadim, De Staerke, Danielle, Deng, Xiaoli, Desai, Shailen, Desjonqueres, Jean-Damien, Dettmering, Denise, Di Bella, Alessandro, Díaz-Barroso, Lara, Dibarboure, Gerald, Dieng, Habib Boubacar, Dinardo, Salvatore, Dobslaw, Henryk, Dodet, Guillaume, Doglioli, Andrea, Domeneghetti, Alessio, Donahue, David, Dong, Shenfu, Donlon, Craig, Dorandeu, Joël, Drezen, Christine, Drinkwater, Mark, Du Penhoat, Yves, Dushaw, Brian, Egido, Alejandro, Erofeeva, Svetlana, Escudier, Philippe, Esselborn, Saskia, Exertier, Pierre, Fablet, Ronan, Falco, Cédric, Farrell, Sinead Louise, Faugere, Yannice, Femenias, Pierre, Fenoglio, Luciana, Fernandes, Joana, Fernández, Juan Gabriel, Ferrage, Pascale, Ferrari, Ramiro, Fichen, Lionel, Filippucci, Paolo, Flampouris, Stylianos, Fleury, Sara, Fornari, Marco, Forsberg, Rene, Frappart, Frédéric, Frery, Marie-laure, Garcia, Pablo, Garcia-Mondejar, Albert, Gaudelli, Julia, Gaultier, Lucile, Getirana, Augusto, Gibert, Ferran, Gil, Artur, Gilbert, Lin, Gille, Sarah, Giulicchi, Luisella, Gómez-Enri, Jesús, Gómez-Navarro, Laura, Gommenginger, Christine, Gourdeau, Lionel, Griffin, David, Groh, Andreas, Guerin, Alexandre, Guerrero, Raul, Guinle, Thierry, Gupta, Praveen, Gutknecht, Benjamin D., Hamon, Mathieu, Han, Guoqi, Hauser, Danièle, Helm, Veit, Hendricks, Stefan, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hogg, Anna, Horwath, Martin, Idžanović, Martina, Janssen, Peter, Jeansou, Eric, Jia, Yongjun, Jia, Yuanyuan, Jiang, Liguang, Johannessen, Johnny A., Kamachi, Masafumi, Karimova, Svetlana, Kelly, Kathryn, Kim, Sung Yong, King, Robert, Kittel, Cecile M.M., Klein, Patrice, Klos, Anna, Knudsen, Per, Koenig, Rolf, Kostianoy, Andrey, Kouraev, Alexei, Kumar, Raj, Labroue, Sylvie, Lago, Loreley Selene, Lambin, Juliette, Lasson, Léa, Laurain, Olivier, Laxenaire, Rémi, Lázaro, Clara, Le Gac, Sophie, Le Sommer, Julien, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, Lebedev, Sergey, Léger, Fabien, Legresy, Benoı̂t, Lemoine, Frank, Lenain, Luc, Leuliette, Eric, Levy, Marina, Lillibridge, John, Liu, Jianqiang, Llovel, William, Lyard, Florent, Macintosh, Claire, Makhoul Varona, Eduard, Manfredi, Cécile, Marin, Frédéric, Mason, Evan, Massari, Christian, Mavrocordatos, Constantin, Maximenko, Nikolai, McMillan, Malcolm, Medina, Thierry, Melet, Angelique, Meloni, Marco, Mertikas, Stelios, Metref, Sammy, Meyssignac, Benoit, Michaël, Ablain, Minster, Jean-François, Moreau, Thomas, Moreira, Daniel, Morel, Yves, Morrow, Rosemary, Moyard, John, Mulet, Sandrine, Naeije, Marc, Nerem, Robert Steven, Ngodock, Hans, Nielsen, Karina, Nilsen, Jan Even Øie, Niño, Fernando, Nogueira Loddo, Carolina, Noûs, Camille, Obligis, Estelle, Otosaka, Inès, Otten, Michiel, Oztunali Ozbahceci, Berguzar, P. Raj, Roshin, Paiva, Rodrigo, Paniagua, Guillermina, Paolo, Fernando, Paris, Adrien, Pascual, Ananda, Passaro, Marcello, Paul, Stephan, Pavelsky, Tamlin, Pearson, Christopher, Penduff, Thierry, Peng, Fukai, Perosanz, Felix, Picot, Nicolas, Piras, Fanny, Poggiali, Valerio, Poirier, Étienne, Ponce de León, Sonia, Prants, Sergey, Prigent, Catherine, Provost, Christine, Pujol, M-Isabelle, Qiu, Bo, Quilfen, Yves, Rami, Ali, Raney, R. Keith, Raynal, Matthias, Remy, Elisabeth, Rémy, Frédérique, Restano, Marco, Richardson, Annie, Richardson, Donald, Ricker, Robert, Ricko, Martina, Rinne, Eero, Rose, Stine Kildegaard, Rosmorduc, Vinca, Rudenko, Sergei, Ruiz, Simón, Ryan, Barbara J., Salaün, Corinne, Sanchez-Roman, Antonio, Sandberg Sørensen, Louise, Sandwell, David, Saraceno, Martin, Scagliola, Michele, Schaeffer, Philippe, Scharffenberg, Martin G., Scharroo, Remko, Schiller, Andreas, Schneider, Raphael, Schwatke, Christian, Scozzari, Andrea, Ser-giacomi, Enrico, Seyler, Frederique, Shah, Rashmi, Sharma, Rashmi, Shaw, Andrew, Shepherd, Andrew, Shriver, Jay, Shum, C.K., Simons, Wim, Simonsen, Sebatian B., Slater, Thomas, Smith, Walter, Soares, Saulo, Sokolovskiy, Mikhail, Soudarin, Laurent, Spatar, Ciprian, Speich, Sabrina, Srinivasan, Margaret, Srokosz, Meric, Stanev, Emil, Staneva, Joanna, Steunou, Nathalie, Stroeve, Julienne, Su, Bob, Sulistioadi, Yohanes Budi, Swain, Debadatta, Sylvestre-baron, Annick, Taburet, Nicolas, Tailleux, Rémi, Takayama, Katsumi, Tapley, Byron, Tarpanelli, Angelica, Tavernier, Gilles, Testut, Laurent, Thakur, Praveen K., Thibaut, Pierre, Thompson, LuAnne, Tintoré, Joaquín, Tison, Céline, Tourain, Cédric, Tournadre, Jean, Townsend, Bill, Tran, Ngan, Trilles, Sébastien, Tsamados, Michel, Tseng, Kuo-Hsin, Ubelmann, Clément, Uebbing, Bernd, Vergara, Oscar, Verron, Jacques, Vieira, Telmo, Vignudelli, Stefano, Vinogradova Shiffer, Nadya, Visser, Pieter, Vivier, Frederic, Volkov, Denis, von Schuckmann, Karina, Vuglinskii, Valerii, Vuilleumier, Pierrik, Walter, Blake, Wang, Jida, Wang, Chao, Watson, Christopher, Wilkin, John, Willis, Josh, Wilson, Hilary, Woodworth, Philip, Yang, Kehan, Yao, Fangfang, Zaharia, Raymond, Zakharova, Elena, Zaron, Edward D., Zhang, Yongsheng, Zhao, Zhongxiang, Zinchenko, Vadim, Zlotnicki, Victor, Abdalla, Saleh, Abdeh Kolahchi, Abdolnabi, Adusumilli, Susheel, Aich Bhowmick, Suchandra, Alou-Font, Eva, Amarouche, Laiba, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Antich, Helena, Aouf, Lotfi, Arbic, Brian, Armitage, Thomas, Arnault, Sabine, Artana, Camila, Aulicino, Giuseppe, Ayoub, Nadia, Badulin, Sergei, Baker, Steven, Banks, Chris, Bao, Lifeng, Barbetta, Silvia, Barceló-Llull, Bàrbara, Barlier, François, Basu, Sujit, Bauer-Gottwein, Peter, Becker, Matthias, Beckley, Brian, Bellefond, Nicole, Belonenko, Tatyana, Benkiran, Mounir, Benkouider, Touati, Bennartz, Ralf, Benveniste, Jérôme, Bercher, Nicolas, Berge-Nguyen, Muriel, Bettencourt, Joao, Blarel, Fabien, Blazquez, Alejandro, Blumstein, Denis, Bonnefond, Pascal, Borde, Franck, Bouffard, Jérôme, Boy, François, Boy, Jean-Paul, Brachet, Cédric, Brasseur, Pierre, Braun, Alexander, Brocca, Luca, Brockley, David, Brodeau, Laurent, Brown, Shannon, Bruinsma, Sean, Bulczak, Anna, Buzzard, Sammie, Cahill, Madeleine, Calmant, Stéphane, Calzas, Michel, Camici, Stefania, Cancet, Mathilde, Capdeville, Hugues, Carabajal, Claudia Cristina, Carrere, Loren, Cazenave, Anny, Chassignet, Eric P., Chauhan, Prakash, Cherchali, Selma, Chereskin, Teresa, Cheymol, Cecile, Ciani, Daniele, Cipollini, Paolo, Cirillo, Francesca, Cosme, Emmanuel, Coss, Steve, Cotroneo, Yuri, Cotton, David, Couhert, Alexandre, Coutin-Faye, Sophie, Crétaux, Jean-François, Cyr, Frederic, d’Ovidio, Francesco, Darrozes, José, David, Cedric, Dayoub, Nadim, De Staerke, Danielle, Deng, Xiaoli, Desai, Shailen, Desjonqueres, Jean-Damien, Dettmering, Denise, Di Bella, Alessandro, Díaz-Barroso, Lara, Dibarboure, Gerald, Dieng, Habib Boubacar, Dinardo, Salvatore, Dobslaw, Henryk, Dodet, Guillaume, Doglioli, Andrea, Domeneghetti, Alessio, Donahue, David, Dong, Shenfu, Donlon, Craig, Dorandeu, Joël, Drezen, Christine, Drinkwater, Mark, Du Penhoat, Yves, Dushaw, Brian, Egido, Alejandro, Erofeeva, Svetlana, Escudier, Philippe, Esselborn, Saskia, Exertier, Pierre, Fablet, Ronan, Falco, Cédric, Farrell, Sinead Louise, Faugere, Yannice, Femenias, Pierre, Fenoglio, Luciana, Fernandes, Joana, Fernández, Juan Gabriel, Ferrage, Pascale, Ferrari, Ramiro, Fichen, Lionel, Filippucci, Paolo, Flampouris, Stylianos, Fleury, Sara, Fornari, Marco, Forsberg, Rene, Frappart, Frédéric, Frery, Marie-laure, Garcia, Pablo, Garcia-Mondejar, Albert, Gaudelli, Julia, Gaultier, Lucile, Getirana, Augusto, Gibert, Ferran, Gil, Artur, Gilbert, Lin, Gille, Sarah, Giulicchi, Luisella, Gómez-Enri, Jesús, Gómez-Navarro, Laura, Gommenginger, Christine, Gourdeau, Lionel, Griffin, David, Groh, Andreas, Guerin, Alexandre, Guerrero, Raul, Guinle, Thierry, Gupta, Praveen, Gutknecht, Benjamin D., Hamon, Mathieu, Han, Guoqi, Hauser, Danièle, Helm, Veit, Hendricks, Stefan, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hogg, Anna, Horwath, Martin, Idžanović, Martina, Janssen, Peter, Jeansou, Eric, Jia, Yongjun, Jia, Yuanyuan, Jiang, Liguang, Johannessen, Johnny A., Kamachi, Masafumi, Karimova, Svetlana, Kelly, Kathryn, Kim, Sung Yong, King, Robert, Kittel, Cecile M.M., Klein, Patrice, Klos, Anna, Knudsen, Per, Koenig, Rolf, Kostianoy, Andrey, Kouraev, Alexei, Kumar, Raj, Labroue, Sylvie, Lago, Loreley Selene, Lambin, Juliette, Lasson, Léa, Laurain, Olivier, Laxenaire, Rémi, Lázaro, Clara, Le Gac, Sophie, Le Sommer, Julien, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, Lebedev, Sergey, Léger, Fabien, Legresy, Benoı̂t, Lemoine, Frank, Lenain, Luc, Leuliette, Eric, Levy, Marina, Lillibridge, John, Liu, Jianqiang, Llovel, William, Lyard, Florent, Macintosh, Claire, Makhoul Varona, Eduard, Manfredi, Cécile, Marin, Frédéric, Mason, Evan, Massari, Christian, Mavrocordatos, Constantin, Maximenko, Nikolai, McMillan, Malcolm, Medina, Thierry, Melet, Angelique, Meloni, Marco, Mertikas, Stelios, Metref, Sammy, Meyssignac, Benoit, Michaël, Ablain, Minster, Jean-François, Moreau, Thomas, Moreira, Daniel, Morel, Yves, Morrow, Rosemary, Moyard, John, Mulet, Sandrine, Naeije, Marc, Nerem, Robert Steven, Ngodock, Hans, Nielsen, Karina, Nilsen, Jan Even Øie, Niño, Fernando, Nogueira Loddo, Carolina, Noûs, Camille, Obligis, Estelle, Otosaka, Inès, Otten, Michiel, Oztunali Ozbahceci, Berguzar, P. Raj, Roshin, Paiva, Rodrigo, Paniagua, Guillermina, Paolo, Fernando, Paris, Adrien, Pascual, Ananda, Passaro, Marcello, Paul, Stephan, Pavelsky, Tamlin, Pearson, Christopher, Penduff, Thierry, Peng, Fukai, Perosanz, Felix, Picot, Nicolas, Piras, Fanny, Poggiali, Valerio, Poirier, Étienne, Ponce de León, Sonia, Prants, Sergey, Prigent, Catherine, Provost, Christine, Pujol, M-Isabelle, Qiu, Bo, Quilfen, Yves, Rami, Ali, Raney, R. Keith, Raynal, Matthias, Remy, Elisabeth, Rémy, Frédérique, Restano, Marco, Richardson, Annie, Richardson, Donald, Ricker, Robert, Ricko, Martina, Rinne, Eero, Rose, Stine Kildegaard, Rosmorduc, Vinca, Rudenko, Sergei, Ruiz, Simón, Ryan, Barbara J., Salaün, Corinne, Sanchez-Roman, Antonio, Sandberg Sørensen, Louise, Sandwell, David, Saraceno, Martin, Scagliola, Michele, Schaeffer, Philippe, Scharffenberg, Martin G., Scharroo, Remko, Schiller, Andreas, Schneider, Raphael, Schwatke, Christian, Scozzari, Andrea, Ser-giacomi, Enrico, Seyler, Frederique, Shah, Rashmi, Sharma, Rashmi, Shaw, Andrew, Shepherd, Andrew, Shriver, Jay, Shum, C.K., Simons, Wim, Simonsen, Sebatian B., Slater, Thomas, Smith, Walter, Soares, Saulo, Sokolovskiy, Mikhail, Soudarin, Laurent, Spatar, Ciprian, Speich, Sabrina, Srinivasan, Margaret, Srokosz, Meric, Stanev, Emil, Staneva, Joanna, Steunou, Nathalie, Stroeve, Julienne, Su, Bob, Sulistioadi, Yohanes Budi, Swain, Debadatta, Sylvestre-baron, Annick, Taburet, Nicolas, Tailleux, Rémi, Takayama, Katsumi, Tapley, Byron, Tarpanelli, Angelica, Tavernier, Gilles, Testut, Laurent, Thakur, Praveen K., Thibaut, Pierre, Thompson, LuAnne, Tintoré, Joaquín, Tison, Céline, Tourain, Cédric, Tournadre, Jean, Townsend, Bill, Tran, Ngan, Trilles, Sébastien, Tsamados, Michel, Tseng, Kuo-Hsin, Ubelmann, Clément, Uebbing, Bernd, Vergara, Oscar, Verron, Jacques, Vieira, Telmo, Vignudelli, Stefano, Vinogradova Shiffer, Nadya, Visser, Pieter, Vivier, Frederic, Volkov, Denis, von Schuckmann, Karina, Vuglinskii, Valerii, Vuilleumier, Pierrik, Walter, Blake, Wang, Jida, Wang, Chao, Watson, Christopher, Wilkin, John, Willis, Josh, Wilson, Hilary, Woodworth, Philip, Yang, Kehan, Yao, Fangfang, Zaharia, Raymond, Zakharova, Elena, Zaron, Edward D., Zhang, Yongsheng, Zhao, Zhongxiang, Zinchenko, Vadim, and Zlotnicki, Victor
Published: 2021

38. Andersen, Ole E.

Author: Andersen, Ole E. and Andersen, Ole E.
Published: 2021

39. Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress

Author: Abdalla, Saleh, Kolahchi, Abdolnabi Abdeh, Ablain, Michael, Adusumilli, Susheel, Bhowmick, Suchandra Aich, Alou-font, Eva, Amarouche, Laiba, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Antich, Helena, Aouf, Lotfi, Arbic, Brian, Armitage, Thomas, Arnault, Sabine, Artana, Camila, Aulicino, Giuseppe, Ayoub, Nadia, Badulin, Sergei, Baker, Steven, Banks, Chris, Bao, Lifeng, Barbetta, Silvia, Barcelo-llull, Barbara, Barlier, Francois, Basu, Sujit, Bauer-gottwein, Peter, Becker, Matthias, Beckley, Brian, Bellefond, Nicole, Belonenko, Tatyana, Benkiran, Mounir, Benkouider, Touati, Bennartz, Ralf, Benveniste, Jerome, Bercher, Nicolas, Berge-nguyen, Muriel, Bettencourt, Joao, Blarel, Fabien, Blazquez, Alejandro, Blumstein, Denis, Bonnefond, Pascal, Borde, Franck, Bouffard, Jerome, Boy, Francois, Boy, Jean-paul, Brachet, Cedric, Brasseur, Pierre, Braun, Alexander, Brocca, Luca, Brockley, David, Brodeau, Laurent, Brown, Shannon, Bruinsma, Sean, Bulczak, Anna, Buzzard, Sammie, Cahill, Madeleine, Calmant, Stephane, Calzas, Michel, Camici, Stefania, Cancet, Mathilde, Capdeville, Hugues, Carabajal, Claudia Cristina, Carrere, Loren, Cazenave, Anny, Chassignet, Eric P., Chauhan, Prakash, Cherchali, Selma, Chereskin, Teresa, Cheymol, Cecile, Ciani, Daniele, Cipollini, Paolo, Cirillo, Francesca, Cosme, Emmanuel, Coss, Steve, Cotroneo, Yuri, Cotton, David, Couhert, Alexandre, Coutin-faye, Sophie, Cretaux, Jean-francois, Cyr, Frederic, D'Ovidio, Francesco, Darrozes, Jose, David, Cedric, Dayoub, Nadim, De Staerke, Danielle, Deng, Xiaoli, Desai, Shailen, Desjonqueres, Jean-damien, Dettmering, Denise, Di Bella, Alessandro, Diaz-barroso, Lara, Dibarboure, Gerald, Dieng, Habib Boubacar, Dinardo, Salvatore, Dobslaw, Henryk, Dodet, Guillaume, Doglioli, Andrea, Domeneghetti, Alessio, Donahue, David, Dong, Shenfu, Donlon, Craig, Dorandeu, Joel, Drezen, Christine, Drinkwater, Mark, Du Penhoat, Yves, Dushaw, Brian, Egido, Alejandro, Erofeeva, Svetlana, Escudier, Philippe, Esselborn, Saskia, Exertier, Pierre, Fablet, Ronan, Falco, Cedric, Farrell, Sinead Louise, Faugere, Yannice, Femenias, Pierre, Fenoglio, Luciana, Fernandes, Joana, Gabriel Fernandez, Juan, Ferrage, Pascale, Ferrari, Ramiro, Fichen, Lionel, Filippucci, Paolo, Flampouris, Stylianos, Fleury, Sara, Fornari, Marco, Forsberg, Rene, Frappart, Frederic, Frery, Marie-laure, Garcia, Pablo, Garcia-mondejar, Albert, Gaudelli, Julia, Gaultier, Lucile, Getirana, Augusto, Gibert, Ferran, Gil, Artur, Gilbert, Lin, Gille, Sarah, Giulicchi, Luisella, Gomez-enri, Jesus, Gomez-navarro, Laura, Gommenginger, Christine, Gourdeau, Lionel, Griffin, David, Groh, Andreas, Guerin, Alexandre, Guerrero, Raul, Guinle, Thierry, Gupta, Praveen, Gutknecht, Benjamin D., Hamon, Mathieu, Han, Guoqi, Hauser, Daniele, Helm, Veit, Hendricks, Stefan, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hogg, Anna, Horwath, Martin, Idzanovic, Martina, Janssen, Peter, Jeansou, Eric, Jia, Yongjun, Jia, Yuanyuan, Jiang, Liguang, Johannessen, Johnny A., Kamachi, Masafumi, Karimova, Svetlana, Kelly, Kathryn, Kim, Sung Yong, King, Robert, Kittel, Cecile M. M., Klein, Patrice, Klos, Anna, Knudsen, Per, Koenig, Rolf, Kostianoy, Andrey, Kouraev, Alexei, Kumar, Raj, Labroue, Sylvie, Selene Lago, Loreley, Lambin, Juliette, Lasson, Lea, Laurain, Olivier, Laxenaire, Remi, Lazaro, Clara, Le Gac, Sophie, Le Sommer, Julien, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Lebedev, Sergey, Leger, Fabien, Legresy, Benoit, Lemoine, Frank, Lenain, Luc, Leuliette, Eric, Levy, Marina, Lillibridge, John, Liu, Jianqiang, Llovel, William, Lyard, Florent, Macintosh, Claire, Varona, Eduard Makhoul, Manfredi, Cecile, Marin, Frederic, Mason, Evan, Massari, Christian, Mavrocordatos, Constantin, Maximenko, Nikolai, Mcmillan, Malcolm, Medina, Thierry, Melet, Angelique, Meloni, Marco, Mertikas, Stelios, Metref, Sammy, Meyssignac, Benoit, Minster, Jean-francois, Moreau, Thomas, Moreira, Daniel, Morel, Yves, Morrow, Rosemary, Moyard, John, Mulet, Sandrine, Naeije, Marc, Nerem, Robert Steven, Ngodock, Hans, Nielsen, Karina, Nilsen, Jan Even Oie, Nino, Fernando, Loddo, Carolina Nogueira, Obligis, Estelle, Otosaka, Ines, Otten, Michiel, Ozbahceci, Berguzar Oztunali, Raj, Roshin P., Paiva, Rodrigo, Paniagua, Guillermina, Paolo, Fernando, Paris, Adrien, Pascual, Ananda, Passaro, Marcello, Paul, Stephan, Pavelsky, Tamlin, Pearson, Christopher, Penduff, Thierry, Peng, Fukai, Perosanz, Felix, Picot, Nicolas, Piras, Fanny, Poggiali, Valerio, Poirier, Etienne, De Leon, Sonia Ponce, Prants, Sergey, Prigent, Catherine, Provost, Christine, Pujol, M-isabelle, Qiu, Bo, Quilfen, Yves, Rami, Ali, Raney, R. Keith, Rayna, Matthias, Remy, Elisabeth, Remy, Frederique, Restano, Marco, Richardson, Annie, Richardson, Donald, Ricker, Robert, Ricko, Martina, Rinne, Eero, Rose, Stine Kildegaard, Rosmorduc, Vinca, Rudenko, Sergei, Ruiz, Simon, Ryan, Barbara J., Salaun, Corinne, Sanchez-roman, Antonio, Sorensen, Louise Sandberg, Sandwell, David, Saraceno, Martin, Scagliola, Michele, Schaeffer, Philippe, Scharffenberg, Martin G., Scharroo, Remko, Schiller, Andreas, Schneider, Raphael, Schwatke, Christian, Scozzari, Andrea, Ser-giacomi, Enrico, Seyler, Frederique, Shah, Rashmi, Sharma, Rashmi, Shaw, Andrew, Shepherd, Andrew, Shriver, Jay, Shum, C. K., Simons, Wim, Simonsen, Sebatian B., Slater, Thomas, Smith, Walter, Soares, Saulo, Sokolovskiy, Mikhail, Soudarin, Laurent, Spatar, Ciprian, Speich, Sabrina, Srinivasan, Margaret, Srokosz, Meric, Stanev, Emil, Staneva, Joanna, Steunou, Nathalie, Stroeve, Julienne, Su, Bob, Sulistioadi, Yohanes Budi, Swain, Debadatta, Sylvestre-baron, Annick, Taburet, Nicolas, Tailleux, Remi, Takayama, Katsumi, Tapley, Byron, Tarpanelli, Angelica, Tavernier, Gilles, Testut, Laurent, Thakur, Praveen K., Thibaut, Pierre, Thompson, Luanne, Tintore, Joaquin, Tison, Celine, Tourain, Cedric, Tournadre, Jean, Townsend, Bill, Tran, Ngan, Trilles, Sebastien, Tsamados, Michel, Tseng, Kuo-hsin, Ubelmann, Clement, Uebbing, Bernd, Vergara, Oscar, Verron, Jacques, Vieira, Telmo, Vignudelli, Stefano, Shiffer, Nadya Vinogradova, Visser, Pieter, Vivier, Frederic, Volkov, Denis, Von Schuckmann, Karina, Vuglinskii, Valerii, Vuilleumier, Pierrik, Walter, Blake, Wang, Jida, Wang, Chao, Watson, Christopher, Wilkin, John, Willis, Josh, Wilson, Hilary, Woodworth, Philip, Yang, Kehan, Yao, Fangfang, Zaharia, Raymond, Zakharova, Elena, Zaron, Edward D., Zhang, Yongsheng, Zhao, Zhongxiang, Zinchenko, Vadim, Zlotnicki, Victor, Abdalla, Saleh, Kolahchi, Abdolnabi Abdeh, Ablain, Michael, Adusumilli, Susheel, Bhowmick, Suchandra Aich, Alou-font, Eva, Amarouche, Laiba, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Antich, Helena, Aouf, Lotfi, Arbic, Brian, Armitage, Thomas, Arnault, Sabine, Artana, Camila, Aulicino, Giuseppe, Ayoub, Nadia, Badulin, Sergei, Baker, Steven, Banks, Chris, Bao, Lifeng, Barbetta, Silvia, Barcelo-llull, Barbara, Barlier, Francois, Basu, Sujit, Bauer-gottwein, Peter, Becker, Matthias, Beckley, Brian, Bellefond, Nicole, Belonenko, Tatyana, Benkiran, Mounir, Benkouider, Touati, Bennartz, Ralf, Benveniste, Jerome, Bercher, Nicolas, Berge-nguyen, Muriel, Bettencourt, Joao, Blarel, Fabien, Blazquez, Alejandro, Blumstein, Denis, Bonnefond, Pascal, Borde, Franck, Bouffard, Jerome, Boy, Francois, Boy, Jean-paul, Brachet, Cedric, Brasseur, Pierre, Braun, Alexander, Brocca, Luca, Brockley, David, Brodeau, Laurent, Brown, Shannon, Bruinsma, Sean, Bulczak, Anna, Buzzard, Sammie, Cahill, Madeleine, Calmant, Stephane, Calzas, Michel, Camici, Stefania, Cancet, Mathilde, Capdeville, Hugues, Carabajal, Claudia Cristina, Carrere, Loren, Cazenave, Anny, Chassignet, Eric P., Chauhan, Prakash, Cherchali, Selma, Chereskin, Teresa, Cheymol, Cecile, Ciani, Daniele, Cipollini, Paolo, Cirillo, Francesca, Cosme, Emmanuel, Coss, Steve, Cotroneo, Yuri, Cotton, David, Couhert, Alexandre, Coutin-faye, Sophie, Cretaux, Jean-francois, Cyr, Frederic, D'Ovidio, Francesco, Darrozes, Jose, David, Cedric, Dayoub, Nadim, De Staerke, Danielle, Deng, Xiaoli, Desai, Shailen, Desjonqueres, Jean-damien, Dettmering, Denise, Di Bella, Alessandro, Diaz-barroso, Lara, Dibarboure, Gerald, Dieng, Habib Boubacar, Dinardo, Salvatore, Dobslaw, Henryk, Dodet, Guillaume, Doglioli, Andrea, Domeneghetti, Alessio, Donahue, David, Dong, Shenfu, Donlon, Craig, Dorandeu, Joel, Drezen, Christine, Drinkwater, Mark, Du Penhoat, Yves, Dushaw, Brian, Egido, Alejandro, Erofeeva, Svetlana, Escudier, Philippe, Esselborn, Saskia, Exertier, Pierre, Fablet, Ronan, Falco, Cedric, Farrell, Sinead Louise, Faugere, Yannice, Femenias, Pierre, Fenoglio, Luciana, Fernandes, Joana, Gabriel Fernandez, Juan, Ferrage, Pascale, Ferrari, Ramiro, Fichen, Lionel, Filippucci, Paolo, Flampouris, Stylianos, Fleury, Sara, Fornari, Marco, Forsberg, Rene, Frappart, Frederic, Frery, Marie-laure, Garcia, Pablo, Garcia-mondejar, Albert, Gaudelli, Julia, Gaultier, Lucile, Getirana, Augusto, Gibert, Ferran, Gil, Artur, Gilbert, Lin, Gille, Sarah, Giulicchi, Luisella, Gomez-enri, Jesus, Gomez-navarro, Laura, Gommenginger, Christine, Gourdeau, Lionel, Griffin, David, Groh, Andreas, Guerin, Alexandre, Guerrero, Raul, Guinle, Thierry, Gupta, Praveen, Gutknecht, Benjamin D., Hamon, Mathieu, Han, Guoqi, Hauser, Daniele, Helm, Veit, Hendricks, Stefan, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hogg, Anna, Horwath, Martin, Idzanovic, Martina, Janssen, Peter, Jeansou, Eric, Jia, Yongjun, Jia, Yuanyuan, Jiang, Liguang, Johannessen, Johnny A., Kamachi, Masafumi, Karimova, Svetlana, Kelly, Kathryn, Kim, Sung Yong, King, Robert, Kittel, Cecile M. M., Klein, Patrice, Klos, Anna, Knudsen, Per, Koenig, Rolf, Kostianoy, Andrey, Kouraev, Alexei, Kumar, Raj, Labroue, Sylvie, Selene Lago, Loreley, Lambin, Juliette, Lasson, Lea, Laurain, Olivier, Laxenaire, Remi, Lazaro, Clara, Le Gac, Sophie, Le Sommer, Julien, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Lebedev, Sergey, Leger, Fabien, Legresy, Benoit, Lemoine, Frank, Lenain, Luc, Leuliette, Eric, Levy, Marina, Lillibridge, John, Liu, Jianqiang, Llovel, William, Lyard, Florent, Macintosh, Claire, Varona, Eduard Makhoul, Manfredi, Cecile, Marin, Frederic, Mason, Evan, Massari, Christian, Mavrocordatos, Constantin, Maximenko, Nikolai, Mcmillan, Malcolm, Medina, Thierry, Melet, Angelique, Meloni, Marco, Mertikas, Stelios, Metref, Sammy, Meyssignac, Benoit, Minster, Jean-francois, Moreau, Thomas, Moreira, Daniel, Morel, Yves, Morrow, Rosemary, Moyard, John, Mulet, Sandrine, Naeije, Marc, Nerem, Robert Steven, Ngodock, Hans, Nielsen, Karina, Nilsen, Jan Even Oie, Nino, Fernando, Loddo, Carolina Nogueira, Obligis, Estelle, Otosaka, Ines, Otten, Michiel, Ozbahceci, Berguzar Oztunali, Raj, Roshin P., Paiva, Rodrigo, Paniagua, Guillermina, Paolo, Fernando, Paris, Adrien, Pascual, Ananda, Passaro, Marcello, Paul, Stephan, Pavelsky, Tamlin, Pearson, Christopher, Penduff, Thierry, Peng, Fukai, Perosanz, Felix, Picot, Nicolas, Piras, Fanny, Poggiali, Valerio, Poirier, Etienne, De Leon, Sonia Ponce, Prants, Sergey, Prigent, Catherine, Provost, Christine, Pujol, M-isabelle, Qiu, Bo, Quilfen, Yves, Rami, Ali, Raney, R. Keith, Rayna, Matthias, Remy, Elisabeth, Remy, Frederique, Restano, Marco, Richardson, Annie, Richardson, Donald, Ricker, Robert, Ricko, Martina, Rinne, Eero, Rose, Stine Kildegaard, Rosmorduc, Vinca, Rudenko, Sergei, Ruiz, Simon, Ryan, Barbara J., Salaun, Corinne, Sanchez-roman, Antonio, Sorensen, Louise Sandberg, Sandwell, David, Saraceno, Martin, Scagliola, Michele, Schaeffer, Philippe, Scharffenberg, Martin G., Scharroo, Remko, Schiller, Andreas, Schneider, Raphael, Schwatke, Christian, Scozzari, Andrea, Ser-giacomi, Enrico, Seyler, Frederique, Shah, Rashmi, Sharma, Rashmi, Shaw, Andrew, Shepherd, Andrew, Shriver, Jay, Shum, C. K., Simons, Wim, Simonsen, Sebatian B., Slater, Thomas, Smith, Walter, Soares, Saulo, Sokolovskiy, Mikhail, Soudarin, Laurent, Spatar, Ciprian, Speich, Sabrina, Srinivasan, Margaret, Srokosz, Meric, Stanev, Emil, Staneva, Joanna, Steunou, Nathalie, Stroeve, Julienne, Su, Bob, Sulistioadi, Yohanes Budi, Swain, Debadatta, Sylvestre-baron, Annick, Taburet, Nicolas, Tailleux, Remi, Takayama, Katsumi, Tapley, Byron, Tarpanelli, Angelica, Tavernier, Gilles, Testut, Laurent, Thakur, Praveen K., Thibaut, Pierre, Thompson, Luanne, Tintore, Joaquin, Tison, Celine, Tourain, Cedric, Tournadre, Jean, Townsend, Bill, Tran, Ngan, Trilles, Sebastien, Tsamados, Michel, Tseng, Kuo-hsin, Ubelmann, Clement, Uebbing, Bernd, Vergara, Oscar, Verron, Jacques, Vieira, Telmo, Vignudelli, Stefano, Shiffer, Nadya Vinogradova, Visser, Pieter, Vivier, Frederic, Volkov, Denis, Von Schuckmann, Karina, Vuglinskii, Valerii, Vuilleumier, Pierrik, Walter, Blake, Wang, Jida, Wang, Chao, Watson, Christopher, Wilkin, John, Willis, Josh, Wilson, Hilary, Woodworth, Philip, Yang, Kehan, Yao, Fangfang, Zaharia, Raymond, Zakharova, Elena, Zaron, Edward D., Zhang, Yongsheng, Zhao, Zhongxiang, Zinchenko, Vadim, and Zlotnicki, Victor
Abstract: In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the “Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other
Published: 2021
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40. The SARAL/AltiKa mission: A step forward to the future of altimetry

Author: Verron, Jacques, Bonnefond, Pascal, Andersen, Ole, Ardhuin, Fabrice, Bergé-nguyen, Muriel, Bhowmick, Suchandra, Blumstein, Denis, Boy, François, Brodeau, Laurent, Crétaux, Jean-françois, Dabat, Mei Ling, Dibarboure, Gérald, Fleury, Sara, Garnier, Florent, Gourdeau, Lionel, Marks, Karen, Queruel, Nadège, Sandwell, David, Smith, Walter H.f., Zaron, Ed, Verron, Jacques, Bonnefond, Pascal, Andersen, Ole, Ardhuin, Fabrice, Bergé-nguyen, Muriel, Bhowmick, Suchandra, Blumstein, Denis, Boy, François, Brodeau, Laurent, Crétaux, Jean-françois, Dabat, Mei Ling, Dibarboure, Gérald, Fleury, Sara, Garnier, Florent, Gourdeau, Lionel, Marks, Karen, Queruel, Nadège, Sandwell, David, Smith, Walter H.f., and Zaron, Ed
Abstract: The CNES/ISRO altimetric satellite SARAL/AltiKa was launched in February 2013 and since then has provided useful data for various scientific and operational applications in oceanography, hydrology, cryospheric sciences and geodesy. However, a Reaction Wheel problem forced relaxation of the repeatability constraint on the satellite’s orbit, which has been drifting slowly since July 2016. Beyond the expected contributions of this mission and its very good integration into the objectives of the constellation of altimetric satellites, it has become more and more apparent that specific contributions and innovations related to the main specification of SARAL/AltiKa, that is to say the use of the Ka-band, have clearly emerged. The advantages of the Ka-band are in short the reduction of ionosphere effects, the smaller footprint, the better horizontal resolution and the higher vertical resolution. A drawback of the Ka-band is the attenuation due to water/water vapor in case of rain and the resulting loss of data. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the specific advances of the Ka-band in different scientific and technical fields and to show why they are promising for the future and open the way to several missions or mission projects. Although unplanned initially, the fine coverage of the Drifting Phase brings some interesting openings especially for geodesy and hydrology applications.
Published: 2021
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41. Antimicrobial Properties of Strontium Functionalized Titanium Surfaces for Oral Applications, A Systematic Review

Author: Alshammari, Hatem, Bakitian, Fahad, Neilands, Jessica, Andersen, Ole Zoffmann, Stavropoulos, Andreas, Alshammari, Hatem, Bakitian, Fahad, Neilands, Jessica, Andersen, Ole Zoffmann, and Stavropoulos, Andreas
Abstract: The aim of this systematic review was to assess the current scientific evidence of the antimicrobial potential of strontium (Sr) when used to functionalize titanium (Ti) for oral applications. Out of an initial list of 1081 potentially relevant publications identified in three electronic databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane) up to 1 February 2021, nine publications based on in vitro studies met the inclusion criteria. The antimicrobial potential of Sr was investigated on different types of functionalized Ti substrates, employing different application methods. Nine studies reported on the early, i.e., 6-24 h, and two studies on the late, i.e., 7-28 days, antimicrobial effect of Sr, primarily against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and/or Escherichia coli (E. coli). Sr-modified samples demonstrated relevant early antimicrobial potential against S. aureus in three studies; only one of which presented statistical significance values, while the other two presented only the percentage of antimicrobial rate and biofilm inhibition. A relevant late biofilm inhibition potential against S. aureus of 40% and 10%-after 7 and 14 days, respectively-was reported in one study. Combining Sr with other metal ions, i.e., silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), and fluorine (F), demonstrated a significant antimicrobial effect and biofilm inhibition against both S. aureus and E. coli. Sr ion release within the first 24 h was generally low, i.e., below 50 mu g/L and 0.6 ppm; however, sustained Sr ion release for up to 30 days, while maintaining up to 90% of its original content, was also demonstrated. Thus, in most studies included herein, Sr-functionalized Ti showed a limited immediate (i.e., 24 h) antimicrobial effect, likely due to a low Sr ion release; however, with an adequate Sr ion release, a relevant antimicrobial effect, as well as a biofilm inhibition potential against S. aureus-but not E. coli-was observed at both early and late timepoints. Future studies should assess the ant
Published: 2021
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42. GNSS-IR Measurements of Inter Annual Sea Level Variations in Thule, Greenland from 2008–2019

Author: Dahl-Jensen, Trine S., Andersen, Ole B., Williams, Simon D. P., Helm, Veit, Khan, Shfaqat A., Dahl-Jensen, Trine S., Andersen, Ole B., Williams, Simon D. P., Helm, Veit, and Khan, Shfaqat A.
Abstract: Studies of global sea level often exclude Tide Gauges (TGs) in glaciated regions due to vertical land movement. Recent studies show that geodetic GNSS stations can be used to estimate sea level by taking advantage of the reflections from the ocean surface using GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR). This method has the immediate benefit that one can directly correct for bedrock movements as measured by the GNSS station. Here we test whether GNSS-IR can be used for measurements of inter annual sea level variations in Thule, Greenland, which is affected by sea ice and icebergs during much of the year. We do this by comparing annual average sea level variations using the two methods from 2008–2019. Comparing the individual sea level measurements over short timescales we find a root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 13 cm, which is similar to other studies using spectral methods. The RMSD for the annual average sea level variations between TG and GNSS-IR is large (18 mm) compared to the estimated uncertainties concerning the measurements. We expect that this is in part due to the TG not being datum controlled. We find sea level trends from GNSS-IR and TG of −4 and −7 mm/year, respectively. The negative trend can be partly explained by a gravimetric decrease in sea level as a result of ice mass changes. We model the gravimetric sea level from 2008–2017 and find a trend of −3 mm/year.
Published: 2021

43. Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress

Author: Abdalla, Saleh, Abdeh Kolahchi, Abdolnabi, Adusumilli, Susheel, Aich Bhowmick, Suchandra, Alou-Font, Eva, Amarouche, Laiba, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Antich, Helena, Aouf, Lotfi, Arbic, Brian, Armitage, Thomas, Arnault, Sabine, Artana, Camila, Aulicino, Giuseppe, Ayoub, Nadia, Badulin, Sergei, Baker, Steven, Banks, Chris, Bao, Lifeng, Barbetta, Silvia, Barceló-Llull, Bàrbara, Barlier, François, Basu, Sujit, Bauer-Gottwein, Peter, Becker, Matthias, Beckley, Brian, Bellefond, Nicole, Belonenko, Tatyana, Benkiran, Mounir, Benkouider, Touati, Bennartz, Ralf, Benveniste, Jérôme, Bercher, Nicolas, Berge-Nguyen, Muriel, Bettencourt, Joao, Blarel, Fabien, Blazquez, Alejandro, Blumstein, Denis, Bonnefond, Pascal, Borde, Franck, Bouffard, Jérôme, Boy, François, Boy, Jean-Paul, Brachet, Cédric, Brasseur, Pierre, Braun, Alexander, Brocca, Luca, Brockley, David, Brodeau, Laurent, Brown, Shannon, Bruinsma, Sean, Bulczak, Anna, Buzzard, Sammie, Cahill, Madeleine, Calmant, Stéphane, Calzas, Michel, Camici, Stefania, Cancet, Mathilde, Capdeville, Hugues, Carabajal, Claudia Cristina, Carrere, Loren, Cazenave, Anny, Chassignet, Eric P., Chauhan, Prakash, Cherchali, Selma, Chereskin, Teresa, Cheymol, Cecile, Ciani, Daniele, Cipollini, Paolo, Cirillo, Francesca, Cosme, Emmanuel, Coss, Steve, Cotroneo, Yuri, Cotton, David, Couhert, Alexandre, Coutin-Faye, Sophie, Crétaux, Jean-François, Cyr, Frederic, d’Ovidio, Francesco, Darrozes, José, David, Cedric, Dayoub, Nadim, De Staerke, Danielle, Deng, Xiaoli, Desai, Shailen, Desjonqueres, Jean-Damien, Dettmering, Denise, Di Bella, Alessandro, Díaz-Barroso, Lara, Dibarboure, Gerald, Dieng, Habib Boubacar, Dinardo, Salvatore, Dobslaw, Henryk, Dodet, Guillaume, Doglioli, Andrea, Domeneghetti, Alessio, Donahue, David, Dong, Shenfu, Donlon, Craig, Dorandeu, Joël, Drezen, Christine, Drinkwater, Mark, Du Penhoat, Yves, Dushaw, Brian, Egido, Alejandro, Erofeeva, Svetlana, Escudier, Philippe, Esselborn, Saskia, Exertier, Pierre, Fablet, Ronan, Falco, Cédric, Farrell, Sinead Louise, Faugere, Yannice, Femenias, Pierre, Fenoglio, Luciana, Fernandes, Joana, Fernández, Juan Gabriel, Ferrage, Pascale, Ferrari, Ramiro, Fichen, Lionel, Filippucci, Paolo, Flampouris, Stylianos, Fleury, Sara, Fornari, Marco, Forsberg, Rene, Frappart, Frédéric, Frery, Marie-laure, Garcia, Pablo, Garcia-Mondejar, Albert, Gaudelli, Julia, Gaultier, Lucile, Getirana, Augusto, Gibert, Ferran, Gil, Artur, Gilbert, Lin, Gille, Sarah, Giulicchi, Luisella, Gómez-Enri, Jesús, Gómez-Navarro, Laura, Gommenginger, Christine, Gourdeau, Lionel, Griffin, David, Groh, Andreas, Guerin, Alexandre, Guerrero, Raul, Guinle, Thierry, Gupta, Praveen, Gutknecht, Benjamin D., Hamon, Mathieu, Han, Guoqi, Hauser, Danièle, Helm, Veit, Hendricks, Stefan, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hogg, Anna, Horwath, Martin, Idžanović, Martina, Janssen, Peter, Jeansou, Eric, Jia, Yongjun, Jia, Yuanyuan, Jiang, Liguang, Johannessen, Johnny A., Kamachi, Masafumi, Karimova, Svetlana, Kelly, Kathryn, Kim, Sung Yong, King, Robert, Kittel, Cecile M.M., Klein, Patrice, Klos, Anna, Knudsen, Per, Koenig, Rolf, Kostianoy, Andrey, Kouraev, Alexei, Kumar, Raj, Labroue, Sylvie, Lago, Loreley Selene, Lambin, Juliette, Lasson, Léa, Laurain, Olivier, Laxenaire, Rémi, Lázaro, Clara, Le Gac, Sophie, Le Sommer, Julien, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, Lebedev, Sergey, Léger, Fabien, Legresy, Benoı̂t, Lemoine, Frank, Lenain, Luc, Leuliette, Eric, Levy, Marina, Lillibridge, John, Liu, Jianqiang, Llovel, William, Lyard, Florent, Macintosh, Claire, Makhoul Varona, Eduard, Manfredi, Cécile, Marin, Frédéric, Mason, Evan, Massari, Christian, Mavrocordatos, Constantin, Maximenko, Nikolai, McMillan, Malcolm, Medina, Thierry, Melet, Angelique, Meloni, Marco, Mertikas, Stelios, Metref, Sammy, Meyssignac, Benoit, Michaël, Ablain, Minster, Jean-François, Moreau, Thomas, Moreira, Daniel, Morel, Yves, Morrow, Rosemary, Moyard, John, Mulet, Sandrine, Naeije, Marc, Nerem, Robert Steven, Ngodock, Hans, Nielsen, Karina, Nilsen, Jan Even Øie, Niño, Fernando, Nogueira Loddo, Carolina, Noûs, Camille, Obligis, Estelle, Otosaka, Inès, Otten, Michiel, Oztunali Ozbahceci, Berguzar, P. Raj, Roshin, Paiva, Rodrigo, Paniagua, Guillermina, Paolo, Fernando, Paris, Adrien, Pascual, Ananda, Passaro, Marcello, Paul, Stephan, Pavelsky, Tamlin, Pearson, Christopher, Penduff, Thierry, Peng, Fukai, Perosanz, Felix, Picot, Nicolas, Piras, Fanny, Poggiali, Valerio, Poirier, Étienne, Ponce de León, Sonia, Prants, Sergey, Prigent, Catherine, Provost, Christine, Pujol, M-Isabelle, Qiu, Bo, Quilfen, Yves, Rami, Ali, Raney, R. Keith, Raynal, Matthias, Remy, Elisabeth, Rémy, Frédérique, Restano, Marco, Richardson, Annie, Richardson, Donald, Ricker, Robert, Ricko, Martina, Rinne, Eero, Rose, Stine Kildegaard, Rosmorduc, Vinca, Rudenko, Sergei, Ruiz, Simón, Ryan, Barbara J., Salaün, Corinne, Sanchez-Roman, Antonio, Sandberg Sørensen, Louise, Sandwell, David, Saraceno, Martin, Scagliola, Michele, Schaeffer, Philippe, Scharffenberg, Martin G., Scharroo, Remko, Schiller, Andreas, Schneider, Raphael, Schwatke, Christian, Scozzari, Andrea, Ser-giacomi, Enrico, Seyler, Frederique, Shah, Rashmi, Sharma, Rashmi, Shaw, Andrew, Shepherd, Andrew, Shriver, Jay, Shum, C.K., Simons, Wim, Simonsen, Sebatian B., Slater, Thomas, Smith, Walter, Soares, Saulo, Sokolovskiy, Mikhail, Soudarin, Laurent, Spatar, Ciprian, Speich, Sabrina, Srinivasan, Margaret, Srokosz, Meric, Stanev, Emil, Staneva, Joanna, Steunou, Nathalie, Stroeve, Julienne, Su, Bob, Sulistioadi, Yohanes Budi, Swain, Debadatta, Sylvestre-baron, Annick, Taburet, Nicolas, Tailleux, Rémi, Takayama, Katsumi, Tapley, Byron, Tarpanelli, Angelica, Tavernier, Gilles, Testut, Laurent, Thakur, Praveen K., Thibaut, Pierre, Thompson, LuAnne, Tintoré, Joaquín, Tison, Céline, Tourain, Cédric, Tournadre, Jean, Townsend, Bill, Tran, Ngan, Trilles, Sébastien, Tsamados, Michel, Tseng, Kuo-Hsin, Ubelmann, Clément, Uebbing, Bernd, Vergara, Oscar, Verron, Jacques, Vieira, Telmo, Vignudelli, Stefano, Vinogradova Shiffer, Nadya, Visser, Pieter, Vivier, Frederic, Volkov, Denis, von Schuckmann, Karina, Vuglinskii, Valerii, Vuilleumier, Pierrik, Walter, Blake, Wang, Jida, Wang, Chao, Watson, Christopher, Wilkin, John, Willis, Josh, Wilson, Hilary, Woodworth, Philip, Yang, Kehan, Yao, Fangfang, Zaharia, Raymond, Zakharova, Elena, Zaron, Edward D., Zhang, Yongsheng, Zhao, Zhongxiang, Zinchenko, Vadim, Zlotnicki, Victor, Abdalla, Saleh, Abdeh Kolahchi, Abdolnabi, Adusumilli, Susheel, Aich Bhowmick, Suchandra, Alou-Font, Eva, Amarouche, Laiba, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Antich, Helena, Aouf, Lotfi, Arbic, Brian, Armitage, Thomas, Arnault, Sabine, Artana, Camila, Aulicino, Giuseppe, Ayoub, Nadia, Badulin, Sergei, Baker, Steven, Banks, Chris, Bao, Lifeng, Barbetta, Silvia, Barceló-Llull, Bàrbara, Barlier, François, Basu, Sujit, Bauer-Gottwein, Peter, Becker, Matthias, Beckley, Brian, Bellefond, Nicole, Belonenko, Tatyana, Benkiran, Mounir, Benkouider, Touati, Bennartz, Ralf, Benveniste, Jérôme, Bercher, Nicolas, Berge-Nguyen, Muriel, Bettencourt, Joao, Blarel, Fabien, Blazquez, Alejandro, Blumstein, Denis, Bonnefond, Pascal, Borde, Franck, Bouffard, Jérôme, Boy, François, Boy, Jean-Paul, Brachet, Cédric, Brasseur, Pierre, Braun, Alexander, Brocca, Luca, Brockley, David, Brodeau, Laurent, Brown, Shannon, Bruinsma, Sean, Bulczak, Anna, Buzzard, Sammie, Cahill, Madeleine, Calmant, Stéphane, Calzas, Michel, Camici, Stefania, Cancet, Mathilde, Capdeville, Hugues, Carabajal, Claudia Cristina, Carrere, Loren, Cazenave, Anny, Chassignet, Eric P., Chauhan, Prakash, Cherchali, Selma, Chereskin, Teresa, Cheymol, Cecile, Ciani, Daniele, Cipollini, Paolo, Cirillo, Francesca, Cosme, Emmanuel, Coss, Steve, Cotroneo, Yuri, Cotton, David, Couhert, Alexandre, Coutin-Faye, Sophie, Crétaux, Jean-François, Cyr, Frederic, d’Ovidio, Francesco, Darrozes, José, David, Cedric, Dayoub, Nadim, De Staerke, Danielle, Deng, Xiaoli, Desai, Shailen, Desjonqueres, Jean-Damien, Dettmering, Denise, Di Bella, Alessandro, Díaz-Barroso, Lara, Dibarboure, Gerald, Dieng, Habib Boubacar, Dinardo, Salvatore, Dobslaw, Henryk, Dodet, Guillaume, Doglioli, Andrea, Domeneghetti, Alessio, Donahue, David, Dong, Shenfu, Donlon, Craig, Dorandeu, Joël, Drezen, Christine, Drinkwater, Mark, Du Penhoat, Yves, Dushaw, Brian, Egido, Alejandro, Erofeeva, Svetlana, Escudier, Philippe, Esselborn, Saskia, Exertier, Pierre, Fablet, Ronan, Falco, Cédric, Farrell, Sinead Louise, Faugere, Yannice, Femenias, Pierre, Fenoglio, Luciana, Fernandes, Joana, Fernández, Juan Gabriel, Ferrage, Pascale, Ferrari, Ramiro, Fichen, Lionel, Filippucci, Paolo, Flampouris, Stylianos, Fleury, Sara, Fornari, Marco, Forsberg, Rene, Frappart, Frédéric, Frery, Marie-laure, Garcia, Pablo, Garcia-Mondejar, Albert, Gaudelli, Julia, Gaultier, Lucile, Getirana, Augusto, Gibert, Ferran, Gil, Artur, Gilbert, Lin, Gille, Sarah, Giulicchi, Luisella, Gómez-Enri, Jesús, Gómez-Navarro, Laura, Gommenginger, Christine, Gourdeau, Lionel, Griffin, David, Groh, Andreas, Guerin, Alexandre, Guerrero, Raul, Guinle, Thierry, Gupta, Praveen, Gutknecht, Benjamin D., Hamon, Mathieu, Han, Guoqi, Hauser, Danièle, Helm, Veit, Hendricks, Stefan, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hogg, Anna, Horwath, Martin, Idžanović, Martina, Janssen, Peter, Jeansou, Eric, Jia, Yongjun, Jia, Yuanyuan, Jiang, Liguang, Johannessen, Johnny A., Kamachi, Masafumi, Karimova, Svetlana, Kelly, Kathryn, Kim, Sung Yong, King, Robert, Kittel, Cecile M.M., Klein, Patrice, Klos, Anna, Knudsen, Per, Koenig, Rolf, Kostianoy, Andrey, Kouraev, Alexei, Kumar, Raj, Labroue, Sylvie, Lago, Loreley Selene, Lambin, Juliette, Lasson, Léa, Laurain, Olivier, Laxenaire, Rémi, Lázaro, Clara, Le Gac, Sophie, Le Sommer, Julien, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, Lebedev, Sergey, Léger, Fabien, Legresy, Benoı̂t, Lemoine, Frank, Lenain, Luc, Leuliette, Eric, Levy, Marina, Lillibridge, John, Liu, Jianqiang, Llovel, William, Lyard, Florent, Macintosh, Claire, Makhoul Varona, Eduard, Manfredi, Cécile, Marin, Frédéric, Mason, Evan, Massari, Christian, Mavrocordatos, Constantin, Maximenko, Nikolai, McMillan, Malcolm, Medina, Thierry, Melet, Angelique, Meloni, Marco, Mertikas, Stelios, Metref, Sammy, Meyssignac, Benoit, Michaël, Ablain, Minster, Jean-François, Moreau, Thomas, Moreira, Daniel, Morel, Yves, Morrow, Rosemary, Moyard, John, Mulet, Sandrine, Naeije, Marc, Nerem, Robert Steven, Ngodock, Hans, Nielsen, Karina, Nilsen, Jan Even Øie, Niño, Fernando, Nogueira Loddo, Carolina, Noûs, Camille, Obligis, Estelle, Otosaka, Inès, Otten, Michiel, Oztunali Ozbahceci, Berguzar, P. Raj, Roshin, Paiva, Rodrigo, Paniagua, Guillermina, Paolo, Fernando, Paris, Adrien, Pascual, Ananda, Passaro, Marcello, Paul, Stephan, Pavelsky, Tamlin, Pearson, Christopher, Penduff, Thierry, Peng, Fukai, Perosanz, Felix, Picot, Nicolas, Piras, Fanny, Poggiali, Valerio, Poirier, Étienne, Ponce de León, Sonia, Prants, Sergey, Prigent, Catherine, Provost, Christine, Pujol, M-Isabelle, Qiu, Bo, Quilfen, Yves, Rami, Ali, Raney, R. Keith, Raynal, Matthias, Remy, Elisabeth, Rémy, Frédérique, Restano, Marco, Richardson, Annie, Richardson, Donald, Ricker, Robert, Ricko, Martina, Rinne, Eero, Rose, Stine Kildegaard, Rosmorduc, Vinca, Rudenko, Sergei, Ruiz, Simón, Ryan, Barbara J., Salaün, Corinne, Sanchez-Roman, Antonio, Sandberg Sørensen, Louise, Sandwell, David, Saraceno, Martin, Scagliola, Michele, Schaeffer, Philippe, Scharffenberg, Martin G., Scharroo, Remko, Schiller, Andreas, Schneider, Raphael, Schwatke, Christian, Scozzari, Andrea, Ser-giacomi, Enrico, Seyler, Frederique, Shah, Rashmi, Sharma, Rashmi, Shaw, Andrew, Shepherd, Andrew, Shriver, Jay, Shum, C.K., Simons, Wim, Simonsen, Sebatian B., Slater, Thomas, Smith, Walter, Soares, Saulo, Sokolovskiy, Mikhail, Soudarin, Laurent, Spatar, Ciprian, Speich, Sabrina, Srinivasan, Margaret, Srokosz, Meric, Stanev, Emil, Staneva, Joanna, Steunou, Nathalie, Stroeve, Julienne, Su, Bob, Sulistioadi, Yohanes Budi, Swain, Debadatta, Sylvestre-baron, Annick, Taburet, Nicolas, Tailleux, Rémi, Takayama, Katsumi, Tapley, Byron, Tarpanelli, Angelica, Tavernier, Gilles, Testut, Laurent, Thakur, Praveen K., Thibaut, Pierre, Thompson, LuAnne, Tintoré, Joaquín, Tison, Céline, Tourain, Cédric, Tournadre, Jean, Townsend, Bill, Tran, Ngan, Trilles, Sébastien, Tsamados, Michel, Tseng, Kuo-Hsin, Ubelmann, Clément, Uebbing, Bernd, Vergara, Oscar, Verron, Jacques, Vieira, Telmo, Vignudelli, Stefano, Vinogradova Shiffer, Nadya, Visser, Pieter, Vivier, Frederic, Volkov, Denis, von Schuckmann, Karina, Vuglinskii, Valerii, Vuilleumier, Pierrik, Walter, Blake, Wang, Jida, Wang, Chao, Watson, Christopher, Wilkin, John, Willis, Josh, Wilson, Hilary, Woodworth, Philip, Yang, Kehan, Yao, Fangfang, Zaharia, Raymond, Zakharova, Elena, Zaron, Edward D., Zhang, Yongsheng, Zhao, Zhongxiang, Zinchenko, Vadim, and Zlotnicki, Victor
Published: 2021

44. Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress

Author: Abdalla, Saleh, Kolahchi, Abdolnabi Abdeh, Ablain, Michael, Adusumilli, Susheel, Bhowmick, Suchandra Aich, Alou-font, Eva, Amarouche, Laiba, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Antich, Helena, Aouf, Lotfi, Arbic, Brian, Armitage, Thomas, Arnault, Sabine, Artana, Camila, Aulicino, Giuseppe, Ayoub, Nadia, Badulin, Sergei, Baker, Steven, Banks, Chris, Bao, Lifeng, Barbetta, Silvia, Barcelo-llull, Barbara, Barlier, Francois, Basu, Sujit, Bauer-gottwein, Peter, Becker, Matthias, Beckley, Brian, Bellefond, Nicole, Belonenko, Tatyana, Benkiran, Mounir, Benkouider, Touati, Bennartz, Ralf, Benveniste, Jerome, Bercher, Nicolas, Berge-nguyen, Muriel, Bettencourt, Joao, Blarel, Fabien, Blazquez, Alejandro, Blumstein, Denis, Bonnefond, Pascal, Borde, Franck, Bouffard, Jerome, Boy, Francois, Boy, Jean-paul, Brachet, Cedric, Brasseur, Pierre, Braun, Alexander, Brocca, Luca, Brockley, David, Brodeau, Laurent, Brown, Shannon, Bruinsma, Sean, Bulczak, Anna, Buzzard, Sammie, Cahill, Madeleine, Calmant, Stephane, Calzas, Michel, Camici, Stefania, Cancet, Mathilde, Capdeville, Hugues, Carabajal, Claudia Cristina, Carrere, Loren, Cazenave, Anny, Chassignet, Eric P., Chauhan, Prakash, Cherchali, Selma, Chereskin, Teresa, Cheymol, Cecile, Ciani, Daniele, Cipollini, Paolo, Cirillo, Francesca, Cosme, Emmanuel, Coss, Steve, Cotroneo, Yuri, Cotton, David, Couhert, Alexandre, Coutin-faye, Sophie, Cretaux, Jean-francois, Cyr, Frederic, D'Ovidio, Francesco, Darrozes, Jose, David, Cedric, Dayoub, Nadim, De Staerke, Danielle, Deng, Xiaoli, Desai, Shailen, Desjonqueres, Jean-damien, Dettmering, Denise, Di Bella, Alessandro, Diaz-barroso, Lara, Dibarboure, Gerald, Dieng, Habib Boubacar, Dinardo, Salvatore, Dobslaw, Henryk, Dodet, Guillaume, Doglioli, Andrea, Domeneghetti, Alessio, Donahue, David, Dong, Shenfu, Donlon, Craig, Dorandeu, Joel, Drezen, Christine, Drinkwater, Mark, Du Penhoat, Yves, Dushaw, Brian, Egido, Alejandro, Erofeeva, Svetlana, Escudier, Philippe, Esselborn, Saskia, Exertier, Pierre, Fablet, Ronan, Falco, Cedric, Farrell, Sinead Louise, Faugere, Yannice, Femenias, Pierre, Fenoglio, Luciana, Fernandes, Joana, Gabriel Fernandez, Juan, Ferrage, Pascale, Ferrari, Ramiro, Fichen, Lionel, Filippucci, Paolo, Flampouris, Stylianos, Fleury, Sara, Fornari, Marco, Forsberg, Rene, Frappart, Frederic, Frery, Marie-laure, Garcia, Pablo, Garcia-mondejar, Albert, Gaudelli, Julia, Gaultier, Lucile, Getirana, Augusto, Gibert, Ferran, Gil, Artur, Gilbert, Lin, Gille, Sarah, Giulicchi, Luisella, Gomez-enri, Jesus, Gomez-navarro, Laura, Gommenginger, Christine, Gourdeau, Lionel, Griffin, David, Groh, Andreas, Guerin, Alexandre, Guerrero, Raul, Guinle, Thierry, Gupta, Praveen, Gutknecht, Benjamin D., Hamon, Mathieu, Han, Guoqi, Hauser, Daniele, Helm, Veit, Hendricks, Stefan, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hogg, Anna, Horwath, Martin, Idzanovic, Martina, Janssen, Peter, Jeansou, Eric, Jia, Yongjun, Jia, Yuanyuan, Jiang, Liguang, Johannessen, Johnny A., Kamachi, Masafumi, Karimova, Svetlana, Kelly, Kathryn, Kim, Sung Yong, King, Robert, Kittel, Cecile M. M., Klein, Patrice, Klos, Anna, Knudsen, Per, Koenig, Rolf, Kostianoy, Andrey, Kouraev, Alexei, Kumar, Raj, Labroue, Sylvie, Selene Lago, Loreley, Lambin, Juliette, Lasson, Lea, Laurain, Olivier, Laxenaire, Remi, Lazaro, Clara, Le Gac, Sophie, Le Sommer, Julien, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Lebedev, Sergey, Leger, Fabien, Legresy, Benoit, Lemoine, Frank, Lenain, Luc, Leuliette, Eric, Levy, Marina, Lillibridge, John, Liu, Jianqiang, Llovel, William, Lyard, Florent, Macintosh, Claire, Varona, Eduard Makhoul, Manfredi, Cecile, Marin, Frederic, Mason, Evan, Massari, Christian, Mavrocordatos, Constantin, Maximenko, Nikolai, Mcmillan, Malcolm, Medina, Thierry, Melet, Angelique, Meloni, Marco, Mertikas, Stelios, Metref, Sammy, Meyssignac, Benoit, Minster, Jean-francois, Moreau, Thomas, Moreira, Daniel, Morel, Yves, Morrow, Rosemary, Moyard, John, Mulet, Sandrine, Naeije, Marc, Nerem, Robert Steven, Ngodock, Hans, Nielsen, Karina, Nilsen, Jan Even Oie, Nino, Fernando, Loddo, Carolina Nogueira, Obligis, Estelle, Otosaka, Ines, Otten, Michiel, Ozbahceci, Berguzar Oztunali, Raj, Roshin P., Paiva, Rodrigo, Paniagua, Guillermina, Paolo, Fernando, Paris, Adrien, Pascual, Ananda, Passaro, Marcello, Paul, Stephan, Pavelsky, Tamlin, Pearson, Christopher, Penduff, Thierry, Peng, Fukai, Perosanz, Felix, Picot, Nicolas, Piras, Fanny, Poggiali, Valerio, Poirier, Etienne, De Leon, Sonia Ponce, Prants, Sergey, Prigent, Catherine, Provost, Christine, Pujol, M-isabelle, Qiu, Bo, Quilfen, Yves, Rami, Ali, Raney, R. Keith, Rayna, Matthias, Remy, Elisabeth, Remy, Frederique, Restano, Marco, Richardson, Annie, Richardson, Donald, Ricker, Robert, Ricko, Martina, Rinne, Eero, Rose, Stine Kildegaard, Rosmorduc, Vinca, Rudenko, Sergei, Ruiz, Simon, Ryan, Barbara J., Salaun, Corinne, Sanchez-roman, Antonio, Sorensen, Louise Sandberg, Sandwell, David, Saraceno, Martin, Scagliola, Michele, Schaeffer, Philippe, Scharffenberg, Martin G., Scharroo, Remko, Schiller, Andreas, Schneider, Raphael, Schwatke, Christian, Scozzari, Andrea, Ser-giacomi, Enrico, Seyler, Frederique, Shah, Rashmi, Sharma, Rashmi, Shaw, Andrew, Shepherd, Andrew, Shriver, Jay, Shum, C. K., Simons, Wim, Simonsen, Sebatian B., Slater, Thomas, Smith, Walter, Soares, Saulo, Sokolovskiy, Mikhail, Soudarin, Laurent, Spatar, Ciprian, Speich, Sabrina, Srinivasan, Margaret, Srokosz, Meric, Stanev, Emil, Staneva, Joanna, Steunou, Nathalie, Stroeve, Julienne, Su, Bob, Sulistioadi, Yohanes Budi, Swain, Debadatta, Sylvestre-baron, Annick, Taburet, Nicolas, Tailleux, Remi, Takayama, Katsumi, Tapley, Byron, Tarpanelli, Angelica, Tavernier, Gilles, Testut, Laurent, Thakur, Praveen K., Thibaut, Pierre, Thompson, Luanne, Tintore, Joaquin, Tison, Celine, Tourain, Cedric, Tournadre, Jean, Townsend, Bill, Tran, Ngan, Trilles, Sebastien, Tsamados, Michel, Tseng, Kuo-hsin, Ubelmann, Clement, Uebbing, Bernd, Vergara, Oscar, Verron, Jacques, Vieira, Telmo, Vignudelli, Stefano, Shiffer, Nadya Vinogradova, Visser, Pieter, Vivier, Frederic, Volkov, Denis, Von Schuckmann, Karina, Vuglinskii, Valerii, Vuilleumier, Pierrik, Walter, Blake, Wang, Jida, Wang, Chao, Watson, Christopher, Wilkin, John, Willis, Josh, Wilson, Hilary, Woodworth, Philip, Yang, Kehan, Yao, Fangfang, Zaharia, Raymond, Zakharova, Elena, Zaron, Edward D., Zhang, Yongsheng, Zhao, Zhongxiang, Zinchenko, Vadim, Zlotnicki, Victor, Abdalla, Saleh, Kolahchi, Abdolnabi Abdeh, Ablain, Michael, Adusumilli, Susheel, Bhowmick, Suchandra Aich, Alou-font, Eva, Amarouche, Laiba, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Antich, Helena, Aouf, Lotfi, Arbic, Brian, Armitage, Thomas, Arnault, Sabine, Artana, Camila, Aulicino, Giuseppe, Ayoub, Nadia, Badulin, Sergei, Baker, Steven, Banks, Chris, Bao, Lifeng, Barbetta, Silvia, Barcelo-llull, Barbara, Barlier, Francois, Basu, Sujit, Bauer-gottwein, Peter, Becker, Matthias, Beckley, Brian, Bellefond, Nicole, Belonenko, Tatyana, Benkiran, Mounir, Benkouider, Touati, Bennartz, Ralf, Benveniste, Jerome, Bercher, Nicolas, Berge-nguyen, Muriel, Bettencourt, Joao, Blarel, Fabien, Blazquez, Alejandro, Blumstein, Denis, Bonnefond, Pascal, Borde, Franck, Bouffard, Jerome, Boy, Francois, Boy, Jean-paul, Brachet, Cedric, Brasseur, Pierre, Braun, Alexander, Brocca, Luca, Brockley, David, Brodeau, Laurent, Brown, Shannon, Bruinsma, Sean, Bulczak, Anna, Buzzard, Sammie, Cahill, Madeleine, Calmant, Stephane, Calzas, Michel, Camici, Stefania, Cancet, Mathilde, Capdeville, Hugues, Carabajal, Claudia Cristina, Carrere, Loren, Cazenave, Anny, Chassignet, Eric P., Chauhan, Prakash, Cherchali, Selma, Chereskin, Teresa, Cheymol, Cecile, Ciani, Daniele, Cipollini, Paolo, Cirillo, Francesca, Cosme, Emmanuel, Coss, Steve, Cotroneo, Yuri, Cotton, David, Couhert, Alexandre, Coutin-faye, Sophie, Cretaux, Jean-francois, Cyr, Frederic, D'Ovidio, Francesco, Darrozes, Jose, David, Cedric, Dayoub, Nadim, De Staerke, Danielle, Deng, Xiaoli, Desai, Shailen, Desjonqueres, Jean-damien, Dettmering, Denise, Di Bella, Alessandro, Diaz-barroso, Lara, Dibarboure, Gerald, Dieng, Habib Boubacar, Dinardo, Salvatore, Dobslaw, Henryk, Dodet, Guillaume, Doglioli, Andrea, Domeneghetti, Alessio, Donahue, David, Dong, Shenfu, Donlon, Craig, Dorandeu, Joel, Drezen, Christine, Drinkwater, Mark, Du Penhoat, Yves, Dushaw, Brian, Egido, Alejandro, Erofeeva, Svetlana, Escudier, Philippe, Esselborn, Saskia, Exertier, Pierre, Fablet, Ronan, Falco, Cedric, Farrell, Sinead Louise, Faugere, Yannice, Femenias, Pierre, Fenoglio, Luciana, Fernandes, Joana, Gabriel Fernandez, Juan, Ferrage, Pascale, Ferrari, Ramiro, Fichen, Lionel, Filippucci, Paolo, Flampouris, Stylianos, Fleury, Sara, Fornari, Marco, Forsberg, Rene, Frappart, Frederic, Frery, Marie-laure, Garcia, Pablo, Garcia-mondejar, Albert, Gaudelli, Julia, Gaultier, Lucile, Getirana, Augusto, Gibert, Ferran, Gil, Artur, Gilbert, Lin, Gille, Sarah, Giulicchi, Luisella, Gomez-enri, Jesus, Gomez-navarro, Laura, Gommenginger, Christine, Gourdeau, Lionel, Griffin, David, Groh, Andreas, Guerin, Alexandre, Guerrero, Raul, Guinle, Thierry, Gupta, Praveen, Gutknecht, Benjamin D., Hamon, Mathieu, Han, Guoqi, Hauser, Daniele, Helm, Veit, Hendricks, Stefan, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hogg, Anna, Horwath, Martin, Idzanovic, Martina, Janssen, Peter, Jeansou, Eric, Jia, Yongjun, Jia, Yuanyuan, Jiang, Liguang, Johannessen, Johnny A., Kamachi, Masafumi, Karimova, Svetlana, Kelly, Kathryn, Kim, Sung Yong, King, Robert, Kittel, Cecile M. M., Klein, Patrice, Klos, Anna, Knudsen, Per, Koenig, Rolf, Kostianoy, Andrey, Kouraev, Alexei, Kumar, Raj, Labroue, Sylvie, Selene Lago, Loreley, Lambin, Juliette, Lasson, Lea, Laurain, Olivier, Laxenaire, Remi, Lazaro, Clara, Le Gac, Sophie, Le Sommer, Julien, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Lebedev, Sergey, Leger, Fabien, Legresy, Benoit, Lemoine, Frank, Lenain, Luc, Leuliette, Eric, Levy, Marina, Lillibridge, John, Liu, Jianqiang, Llovel, William, Lyard, Florent, Macintosh, Claire, Varona, Eduard Makhoul, Manfredi, Cecile, Marin, Frederic, Mason, Evan, Massari, Christian, Mavrocordatos, Constantin, Maximenko, Nikolai, Mcmillan, Malcolm, Medina, Thierry, Melet, Angelique, Meloni, Marco, Mertikas, Stelios, Metref, Sammy, Meyssignac, Benoit, Minster, Jean-francois, Moreau, Thomas, Moreira, Daniel, Morel, Yves, Morrow, Rosemary, Moyard, John, Mulet, Sandrine, Naeije, Marc, Nerem, Robert Steven, Ngodock, Hans, Nielsen, Karina, Nilsen, Jan Even Oie, Nino, Fernando, Loddo, Carolina Nogueira, Obligis, Estelle, Otosaka, Ines, Otten, Michiel, Ozbahceci, Berguzar Oztunali, Raj, Roshin P., Paiva, Rodrigo, Paniagua, Guillermina, Paolo, Fernando, Paris, Adrien, Pascual, Ananda, Passaro, Marcello, Paul, Stephan, Pavelsky, Tamlin, Pearson, Christopher, Penduff, Thierry, Peng, Fukai, Perosanz, Felix, Picot, Nicolas, Piras, Fanny, Poggiali, Valerio, Poirier, Etienne, De Leon, Sonia Ponce, Prants, Sergey, Prigent, Catherine, Provost, Christine, Pujol, M-isabelle, Qiu, Bo, Quilfen, Yves, Rami, Ali, Raney, R. Keith, Rayna, Matthias, Remy, Elisabeth, Remy, Frederique, Restano, Marco, Richardson, Annie, Richardson, Donald, Ricker, Robert, Ricko, Martina, Rinne, Eero, Rose, Stine Kildegaard, Rosmorduc, Vinca, Rudenko, Sergei, Ruiz, Simon, Ryan, Barbara J., Salaun, Corinne, Sanchez-roman, Antonio, Sorensen, Louise Sandberg, Sandwell, David, Saraceno, Martin, Scagliola, Michele, Schaeffer, Philippe, Scharffenberg, Martin G., Scharroo, Remko, Schiller, Andreas, Schneider, Raphael, Schwatke, Christian, Scozzari, Andrea, Ser-giacomi, Enrico, Seyler, Frederique, Shah, Rashmi, Sharma, Rashmi, Shaw, Andrew, Shepherd, Andrew, Shriver, Jay, Shum, C. K., Simons, Wim, Simonsen, Sebatian B., Slater, Thomas, Smith, Walter, Soares, Saulo, Sokolovskiy, Mikhail, Soudarin, Laurent, Spatar, Ciprian, Speich, Sabrina, Srinivasan, Margaret, Srokosz, Meric, Stanev, Emil, Staneva, Joanna, Steunou, Nathalie, Stroeve, Julienne, Su, Bob, Sulistioadi, Yohanes Budi, Swain, Debadatta, Sylvestre-baron, Annick, Taburet, Nicolas, Tailleux, Remi, Takayama, Katsumi, Tapley, Byron, Tarpanelli, Angelica, Tavernier, Gilles, Testut, Laurent, Thakur, Praveen K., Thibaut, Pierre, Thompson, Luanne, Tintore, Joaquin, Tison, Celine, Tourain, Cedric, Tournadre, Jean, Townsend, Bill, Tran, Ngan, Trilles, Sebastien, Tsamados, Michel, Tseng, Kuo-hsin, Ubelmann, Clement, Uebbing, Bernd, Vergara, Oscar, Verron, Jacques, Vieira, Telmo, Vignudelli, Stefano, Shiffer, Nadya Vinogradova, Visser, Pieter, Vivier, Frederic, Volkov, Denis, Von Schuckmann, Karina, Vuglinskii, Valerii, Vuilleumier, Pierrik, Walter, Blake, Wang, Jida, Wang, Chao, Watson, Christopher, Wilkin, John, Willis, Josh, Wilson, Hilary, Woodworth, Philip, Yang, Kehan, Yao, Fangfang, Zaharia, Raymond, Zakharova, Elena, Zaron, Edward D., Zhang, Yongsheng, Zhao, Zhongxiang, Zinchenko, Vadim, and Zlotnicki, Victor
Abstract: In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the “Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other
Published: 2021
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45. The SARAL/AltiKa mission: A step forward to the future of altimetry

Author: Verron, Jacques, Bonnefond, Pascal, Andersen, Ole, Ardhuin, Fabrice, Bergé-nguyen, Muriel, Bhowmick, Suchandra, Blumstein, Denis, Boy, François, Brodeau, Laurent, Crétaux, Jean-françois, Dabat, Mei Ling, Dibarboure, Gérald, Fleury, Sara, Garnier, Florent, Gourdeau, Lionel, Marks, Karen, Queruel, Nadège, Sandwell, David, Smith, Walter H.f., Zaron, Ed, Verron, Jacques, Bonnefond, Pascal, Andersen, Ole, Ardhuin, Fabrice, Bergé-nguyen, Muriel, Bhowmick, Suchandra, Blumstein, Denis, Boy, François, Brodeau, Laurent, Crétaux, Jean-françois, Dabat, Mei Ling, Dibarboure, Gérald, Fleury, Sara, Garnier, Florent, Gourdeau, Lionel, Marks, Karen, Queruel, Nadège, Sandwell, David, Smith, Walter H.f., and Zaron, Ed
Abstract: The CNES/ISRO altimetric satellite SARAL/AltiKa was launched in February 2013 and since then has provided useful data for various scientific and operational applications in oceanography, hydrology, cryospheric sciences and geodesy. However, a Reaction Wheel problem forced relaxation of the repeatability constraint on the satellite’s orbit, which has been drifting slowly since July 2016. Beyond the expected contributions of this mission and its very good integration into the objectives of the constellation of altimetric satellites, it has become more and more apparent that specific contributions and innovations related to the main specification of SARAL/AltiKa, that is to say the use of the Ka-band, have clearly emerged. The advantages of the Ka-band are in short the reduction of ionosphere effects, the smaller footprint, the better horizontal resolution and the higher vertical resolution. A drawback of the Ka-band is the attenuation due to water/water vapor in case of rain and the resulting loss of data. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the specific advances of the Ka-band in different scientific and technical fields and to show why they are promising for the future and open the way to several missions or mission projects. Although unplanned initially, the fine coverage of the Drifting Phase brings some interesting openings especially for geodesy and hydrology applications.
Published: 2021
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46. The SARAL/AltiKa mission: A step forward to the future of altimetry

Author: Verron, Jacques, Bonnefond, Pascal, Andersen, Ole, Ardhuin, Fabrice, Bergé-Nguyen, Muriel, Bhowmick, Suchandra, Blumstein, Denis, Boy, François, Brodeau, Laurent, Crétaux, Jean François, Dabat, Mei Ling, Dibarboure, Gérald, Fleury, Sara, Garnier, Florent, Gourdeau, Lionel, Marks, Karen, Queruel, Nadège, Sandwell, David, Smith, Walter H.F., Zaron, E. D., Verron, Jacques, Bonnefond, Pascal, Andersen, Ole, Ardhuin, Fabrice, Bergé-Nguyen, Muriel, Bhowmick, Suchandra, Blumstein, Denis, Boy, François, Brodeau, Laurent, Crétaux, Jean François, Dabat, Mei Ling, Dibarboure, Gérald, Fleury, Sara, Garnier, Florent, Gourdeau, Lionel, Marks, Karen, Queruel, Nadège, Sandwell, David, Smith, Walter H.F., and Zaron, E. D.
Abstract: The CNES/ISRO altimetric satellite SARAL/AltiKa was launched in February 2013 and since then has provided useful data for various scientific and operational applications in oceanography, hydrology, cryospheric sciences and geodesy. However, a Reaction Wheel problem forced relaxation of the repeatability constraint on the satellite's orbit, which has been drifting slowly since July 2016. Beyond the expected contributions of this mission and its very good integration into the objectives of the constellation of altimetric satellites, it has become more and more apparent that specific contributions and innovations related to the main specification of SARAL/AltiKa, that is to say the use of the Ka-band, have clearly emerged. The advantages of the Ka-band are in short the reduction of ionosphere effects, the smaller footprint, the better horizontal resolution and the higher vertical resolution. A drawback of the Ka-band is the attenuation due to water/water vapor in case of rain and the resulting loss of data. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the specific advances of the Ka-band in different scientific and technical fields and to show why they are promising for the future and open the way to several missions or mission projects. Although unplanned initially, the fine coverage of the Drifting Phase brings some interesting openings especially for geodesy and hydrology applications.
Published: 2021

47. GNSS-IR Measurements of Inter Annual Sea Level Variations in Thule, Greenland from 2008–2019

Author: Dahl-Jensen, Trine S., Andersen, Ole B., Williams, Simon D. P., Helm, Veit, Khan, Shfaqat A., Dahl-Jensen, Trine S., Andersen, Ole B., Williams, Simon D. P., Helm, Veit, and Khan, Shfaqat A.
Abstract: Studies of global sea level often exclude Tide Gauges (TGs) in glaciated regions due to vertical land movement. Recent studies show that geodetic GNSS stations can be used to estimate sea level by taking advantage of the reflections from the ocean surface using GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR). This method has the immediate benefit that one can directly correct for bedrock movements as measured by the GNSS station. Here we test whether GNSS-IR can be used for measurements of inter annual sea level variations in Thule, Greenland, which is affected by sea ice and icebergs during much of the year. We do this by comparing annual average sea level variations using the two methods from 2008–2019. Comparing the individual sea level measurements over short timescales we find a root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 13 cm, which is similar to other studies using spectral methods. The RMSD for the annual average sea level variations between TG and GNSS-IR is large (18 mm) compared to the estimated uncertainties concerning the measurements. We expect that this is in part due to the TG not being datum controlled. We find sea level trends from GNSS-IR and TG of −4 and −7 mm/year, respectively. The negative trend can be partly explained by a gravimetric decrease in sea level as a result of ice mass changes. We model the gravimetric sea level from 2008–2017 and find a trend of −3 mm/year.
Published: 2021

48. Exploit satellite altimetry to improve coastal tide estimation

Author: Seitz, Florian (Prof. Dr.), Seitz, Florian (Prof. Dr.);Andersen, Ole Baltazar (Prof. Dr.), Piccioni, Gaia, Seitz, Florian (Prof. Dr.), Seitz, Florian (Prof. Dr.);Andersen, Ole Baltazar (Prof. Dr.), and Piccioni, Gaia
Abstract: This work illustrates how the latest coastal altimetric algorithms are exploited to improve tidal estimations at the coast. The EOT19p tide model is derived from 27 years of altimetry data and it is based on multi-mission weighted least-squares. The assessment against in situ data shows that EOT19 improves with respect to the former model, EOT11a, up to 35.39% in the North Sea, and gives the lowest median absolute differences for single tidal constituents against state-of-the-art tide models., Diese Arbeit zeigt, wie neuartige Datenanalysemethoden der Satellitenaltimetrie die Schätzung von Gezeitensignalen im Küstenbereich verbessern. Das resultierende EOT19p-Gezeitenmodell basiert auf einer gewichteten Kleinste-Quadrate-Ausgleichung von Multi-Missions-Altimeterbeobachtungen über 27 Jahre. Die Validierung gegenüber Pegelmessungen zeigt, dass EOT19p gegenüber dem Vorgängermodell EOT11a in der Nordsee um bis zu 35,39% bessere Ergebnisse liefert. Gegenüber anderen aktuellen Gezeitenmodellen weist es für einzelne Partialtiden die kleinsten mittleren Abweichungen auf.
Published: 2021

49. Antimicrobial Properties of Strontium Functionalized Titanium Surfaces for Oral Applications, A Systematic Review

Author: Alshammari, Hatem, Bakitian, Fahad, Neilands, Jessica, Andersen, Ole Zoffmann, Stavropoulos, Andreas, Alshammari, Hatem, Bakitian, Fahad, Neilands, Jessica, Andersen, Ole Zoffmann, and Stavropoulos, Andreas
Abstract: The aim of this systematic review was to assess the current scientific evidence of the antimicrobial potential of strontium (Sr) when used to functionalize titanium (Ti) for oral applications. Out of an initial list of 1081 potentially relevant publications identified in three electronic databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane) up to 1 February 2021, nine publications based on in vitro studies met the inclusion criteria. The antimicrobial potential of Sr was investigated on different types of functionalized Ti substrates, employing different application methods. Nine studies reported on the early, i.e., 6-24 h, and two studies on the late, i.e., 7-28 days, antimicrobial effect of Sr, primarily against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and/or Escherichia coli (E. coli). Sr-modified samples demonstrated relevant early antimicrobial potential against S. aureus in three studies; only one of which presented statistical significance values, while the other two presented only the percentage of antimicrobial rate and biofilm inhibition. A relevant late biofilm inhibition potential against S. aureus of 40% and 10%-after 7 and 14 days, respectively-was reported in one study. Combining Sr with other metal ions, i.e., silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), and fluorine (F), demonstrated a significant antimicrobial effect and biofilm inhibition against both S. aureus and E. coli. Sr ion release within the first 24 h was generally low, i.e., below 50 mu g/L and 0.6 ppm; however, sustained Sr ion release for up to 30 days, while maintaining up to 90% of its original content, was also demonstrated. Thus, in most studies included herein, Sr-functionalized Ti showed a limited immediate (i.e., 24 h) antimicrobial effect, likely due to a low Sr ion release; however, with an adequate Sr ion release, a relevant antimicrobial effect, as well as a biofilm inhibition potential against S. aureus-but not E. coli-was observed at both early and late timepoints. Future studies should assess the ant
Published: 2021
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50. Gravity recovery from SWOT altimetry using geoid height and geoid gradient

Author: Yu, Daocheng, Hwang, Cheinway, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Chang, Emmy T.Y., Gaultier, Lucile, Yu, Daocheng, Hwang, Cheinway, Andersen, Ole Baltazar, Chang, Emmy T.Y., and Gaultier, Lucile
Abstract: The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) altimeter mission can measure high-resolution wide-swath sea surface heights (SSHs) that may greatly improve the current accuracy and spatial resolution of marine gravity from nadir-looking altimeters. To investigate the potential of SWOT in recovering high-quality marine gravity and how SWOT observation errors should be treated to optimize the accuracy of gravity anomaly from SWOT observations, we create high-wavenumber SSH components from multi-beam depths in the northern South China Sea (SCS) and simulate SWOT SSH errors. To cross-validate gravity signals and avoid gravity errors from SWOT, we use two computational methods (inverse Vening-Meinesz formula, IVM and inverse Stokes' integral, ISM) and recommend separate optimal data processing strategies when using geoid gradients (GGs) and geoid heights (GHs) for gravity recovery. The use of GGs (for IVM) effectively eliminates systematic errors in gravity derivation. If GHs (for ISM) are used in gravity recovery, the tilt in wide-swath SSHs should be removed before gravity computation, and the recovered gravity must be filtered (post-processed) to avoid artificial gravity signals due to the SSH errors. Our assessments using mgal-accuracy shipborne gravity anomalies in the northern SCS show that multiple-cycle SWOT observations can deliver high-quality marine gravity anomalies. IVM is more robust than ISM in resisting random and systematic errors in SWOT. Our processing strategies can be used for the gravity validation of SSHs from SWOT's fast-sampling and science phases.
Published: 2021

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443 results on '"Andersen, Ole"'

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