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Are Western European countries successfully incorporating their immigrant populations? We approach immigrant incorporation as a process of intergenerational social mobility and argue that mobility trajectories are uniquely suited to gauge the influence of immigrant origins on life chances. We compare trajectories of absolute intergenerational mobility among second generation and native populations using nationally representative data in seven European countries and report two major findings. First, we document a master trend of native-immigrant similarity in mobility trajectories, suggesting that the destiny of the second generation - like that of their native counterpart - is primarily determined by parental social class rather than immigrant background per se. Secondly, disaggregating results by regional origins reveals heterogeneous mobility outcomes. On one hand, certain origin groups are at heightened risks of stagnation in the service class when originating from there and face some disadvantage in attaining the top social class in adulthood when originating from lower classes. On the other hand, we observe a pattern of second-generation advantage, whereby certain origin groups are more likely to experience some degree of upward mobility. Altogether, these results suggest that immigrant origins per se do not strongly constrain the socioeconomic destiny of the second generation in Western Europe.

When people make choices, the items they consider are often embedded in a context (of other items). How this context affects the valuation of the specific item is an important question. High-value context might make items appear less attractive because of contrast-the tendency to normalize perception of an object relative to its background-or more attractive because of assimilation-the tendency to group objects together. Alternatively, a high-value context might increase prior expectations about the item's value. Here, we investigated these possibilities. We examined how unavailable context items affect choices between two target items, as well as the willingness-to-pay for single targets. Participants viewed sets of three items for several seconds before the target(s) were highlighted. In both tasks, we found a significant assimilation-like effect where participants were more likely to choose or place a higher value on a target when it was surrounded by higher-value context. However, these context effects were only significant for participants' fastest choices. Using variants of a drift-diffusion model, we established that the unavailable context shifted participants' prior expectations towards the average values of the sets but had an inconclusive effect on their evaluations of the targets during the decision (i.e. drift rates). In summary, we find that people use context to inform their initial valuations. This can improve efficiency by allowing people to get a head start on their decision. However, it also means that the valuation of an item can change depending on the context.

Objective: This research aims to investigate and analyze the assimilation models of ex-offenders of terrorism and identify the factors that drive them to participate willingly in the process of social reintegration. Theoretical Framework: Using the segmented assimilation theory developed by Porter and Zou, this study examines the movement of former convicts through various institutions and social and economic activities has led to their acceptance by society or if they need to follow a different trajectory. Method: A qualitative descriptive ap proach, coupled with the phenomenological method, was employed to gain profound insights into the lived experience of 15 former convicts hailing from diverse districts and cities in Central Java, Indonesia. To collect the data, we conduct interviews individually and in group to gain extensive their trajectory experiences for peace. Results and Discussion: The results of the study indicate that two trajectory models occur in society as a way of returning former terrorists to a peaceful path: (a) the independent model and (b) the institutional model. The independent model focuses on individual roles and initiatives in the ex-offender communicating with the community through family, friends, or community leaders and religious paths to gain the trust of the intended social community. Research Implications: This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of social reintegration for ex-offenders of terrorism, highlighting the importance of both individual initiatives and institutional support in facilitating successful assimilation into society. Originality/Value: The study offers an original contribution to the field by examining the specific assimilation trajectories of ex-terrorists, providing a nuanced understanding of the social reintegration process and identifying key factors that influence successful reintegration.

In this thesis, I explore the queer discourses that circulate in prize-winning US young adult literature (YA) published between 2010 and 2021. I posit that queer YA can be considered a paraliterary genre, whose implicit function is to provide reassurance and hope for a brighter future to an imagined isolated young queer reader. As a result of this emphasis on optimism and happiness, the genre is dominated by the assimilatory politics of the mainstream gay rights movement and prioritises advocating for the recognition of queer youth as worthy of the state’s protection without fundamentally challenging the structural inequalities that exclude queer and other marginalised populations in the first place. Over the course of four primary analysis chapters organised around some of the dominant concepts and themes in contemporary queer YA – coming out, ‘just happens to be’ narratives of incidental queerness, diversity, and sequels – I draw on radical queer, trans, and critical race theory to argue that such a conciliatory politics is insufficient to dismantle cis white supremacist capitalist heteropatriarchy. In order for queer YA to truly function as a source of hope for queer youth, I contend that the genre needs to embrace a revolutionary queer politics premised on the fundamental tenets of class-conscious, anti-imperialist, anti-racist solidarity, and I draw attention to narratives that centre such radical discourses. Uniquely situated at the confluence of anti-assimilationist queer theory, YA studies, and genre theory, this thesis offers a fresh perspective on the landscape of contemporary YA publishing and scholarship.

As countries experience structural transformation, a large portion of the rural population migrates to urban areas. A recurring question within social scientific fields, including economics, sociology, and economic history, is whether these migrants witness economic returns from relocating. This dissertation approaches this question by examining the self-selection and occupational attainment of rural-urban migration in Sweden during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century from a micro-level perspective. It consists of one introductory chapter and four research papers. A novel longitudinal database forms the empirical foundation for three out of the four research papers. Paper I investigates the determinants of rural-urban migration in the context of children leaving their parental homes. The results show that migration was selective on socio-economic status for men but not for women and that households engaged in risk-minimizing strategies by sending children of different genders to urban areas. Paper II analyzes the skill attainment of rural-urban migrants in urban areas. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, the results show that rural-urban migrants immediately upgraded their occupations when arriving in urban areas. However, they also witnessed further gains as they spent time in the urban area. Paper III is concerned with the intergenerational mobility of rural-urban return migrant men. I employ a within-household fixed-effects strategy to show that return migrants experienced substantial gains from temporarily moving to urban areas. Paper IV investigates the labor-market assimilation of rural-urban migrants. By contrast to the optimistic findings of the previous papers, I show that migrants never succeeded in converging with urban natives in terms of labor market outcomes. Taken together, the results show that at least migrant men were positively selected on socio-economic background, although most migrants originated in poorer households. Rura

In recent decades, there has been increasing interest in elucidating the role of sulfur-containing compounds in plant metabolism, particularly emphasizing their function as signaling molecules. Among these, thiocyanate (SCN−), a compound imbued with sulfur and nitrogen, has emerged as a significant environmental contaminant frequently detected in irrigation water. This compound is known for its potential to adversely impact plant growth and agricultural yield. Although adopting exogenous SCN− as a nitrogen source in plant cells has been the subject of thorough investigation, the fate of sulfur resulting from the assimilation of exogenous SCN− has not been fully explored. There is burgeoning curiosity in probing the fate of SCN− within plant systems, especially considering the possible generation of the gaseous signaling molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) during the metabolism of SCN−. Notably, the endogenous synthesis of H2S occurs predominantly within chloroplasts, the cytosol, and mitochondria. In contrast, the production of H2S following the assimilation of exogenous SCN− is explicitly confined to chloroplasts and mitochondria. This phenomenon indicates complex interplay and communication among various subcellular organelles, influencing signal transduction and other vital physiological processes. This review, augmented by a small-scale experimental study, endeavors to provide insights into the functional characteristics of H2S signaling in plants subjected to SCN−-stress. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the occurrence and trajectory of endogenous H2S and H2S derived from SCN−-assimilation within plant organisms was performed, providing a focused lens for a comprehensive examination of the multifaceted roles of H2S in rice plants. By delving into these dimensions, our objective is to enhance the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms employed by the gasotransmitter H2S in plant adaptations and responses to SCN−-stress, yielding invaluable insights into s

As countries experience structural transformation, a large portion of the rural population migrates to urban areas. A recurring question within social scientific fields, including economics, sociology, and economic history, is whether these migrants witness economic returns from relocating. This dissertation approaches this question by examining the self-selection and occupational attainment of rural-urban migration in Sweden during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century from a micro-level perspective. It consists of one introductory chapter and four research papers. A novel longitudinal database forms the empirical foundation for three out of the four research papers. Paper I investigates the determinants of rural-urban migration in the context of children leaving their parental homes. The results show that migration was selective on socio-economic status for men but not for women and that households engaged in risk-minimizing strategies by sending children of different genders to urban areas. Paper II analyzes the skill attainment of rural-urban migrants in urban areas. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, the results show that rural-urban migrants immediately upgraded their occupations when arriving in urban areas. However, they also witnessed further gains as they spent time in the urban area. Paper III is concerned with the intergenerational mobility of rural-urban return migrant men. I employ a within-household fixed-effects strategy to show that return migrants experienced substantial gains from temporarily moving to urban areas. Paper IV investigates the labor-market assimilation of rural-urban migrants. By contrast to the optimistic findings of the previous papers, I show that migrants never succeeded in converging with urban natives in terms of labor market outcomes. Taken together, the results show that at least migrant men were positively selected on socio-economic background, although most migrants originated in poorer households. Rura

This essay aims to study Swedish-Jewish women’s dress during a twenty-year period 1850–1870. Photographs in the style of carte de visite portraying jewish women in Sweden are examined, as well as painted portraiture and sartorial items. The material is then compared to photographs showing non-jewish women, as well as fashion plates from contemporary mid 19th-century fashion magazines. The purpose is to show both details of the Swedish-Jewish dress, the dress’ comparison to non-jewish fashion dress as well as to analyze these results in a context of jewish integration and assimilation during a time of jewish emancipation in Sweden. The research shows a jewish bourgeois dress very similar to contemporary fashion, as well as a visible integration and assimilation of the Swedish-Jewish minority. Conclusions which allow a problematization of “jewishness” and “otherness”, as well as a deeper understanding of the history of swedish jews, its norms, ideals and process towards integration and assimilation. Highlighting the cultural heritage of the jewish minority, one of Sweden’s national minority groups, broadens Swedish history and allows a marginalized history to better come to light.

The aim of this study is to examine some of the employees in the Church of Sweden and their knowledge and view on the concepts of tolerance, integration, assimilation and diversity. Besides that the study also examines if those employees motivate these concepts based on what I defined as Swedish values or confessional values. The study was done through submitted questionnaires from 26 employees within 15 parishes. To answer the survey's main questions, qualitative variables method was used that looked for variables and connections in the survey responses. Furthermore the study was based on the political philosopher Rainer Forst theory regarding tolerance. The analysis of the study shows that the 26 employees in the Church of Sweden have a high influence of Swedish values and/or Swedish legislation and low influences of confessional values in their answers. In addition to that the analysis also shows that 26 employees have lack of knowledge applicable concepts assimilation and integration. The analysis shows that the 26 employees have a partially similar view and knowledge regarding the concepts of diversity, tolerance and where they draw the line for tolerance. Lastly the 26 employees' view on tolerance according to the analysis gravitate towards the political philosopher Rainer Forst theory of tolerance as a respectful concept. The aim of the study has been to contribute to studies on the Church of Sweden's employees and their knowledge and view regarding contemporary concepts in order to provide an opportunity for increased knowledge within the subject. The study can also be used as a pilot study or a starting point for a more comprehensive survey of Church of Sweden's employees attitudes towards tolerance and diversity issues., Sammanfattningsvis syftade uppsatsen till att undersöka vilken syn och kunskap anställda i ett antal församlingar i Svenska kyrkan har på begreppen tolerans, mångfald, assimilering och integration. Dessutom undersöktes det i uppsatsen om de anställda motiverade dessa begrepp utifrån vad jag definierade som svenska eller konfessionella värderingar. Undersökningen gjordes genom inskickade enkäter från 26 anställda inom 15 församlingar. För att besvara uppsatsens syfte och frågeställningarna så användes kvalitativa variabler som letade efter variabler och samband i enkätsvaren. Förutom detta så utgick uppsatsen från Rainer Forst teori gällande tolerans. Resultatet visar att de 26 anställda i Svenska kyrkan har höga genomslag av svenska värderingaroch/eller svensk lagstiftning, låga genomslag av konfessionell profil, att de möjligtvis är tveksamma, obeslutsamma, undrande eller osäkra gällande begreppen assimilering och integration och att de anställda har en delvis liknande syn och kunskap gällande begreppen mångfald, tolerans och vart de drar gränsen för tolerans. Synen på tolerans utifrån hur den analyserats i uppsatsen visar att de 26 anställda drar mot Rainer Forst teori “tolerans som respekterande koncept”. Trots detta så har vissa av de anställda ändå genomslag av “tolerans som tillstånd koncept”. Forskning framåt skulle därför kunna undersöka om de anställda i Svenska kyrkan är stadiga eller föränderliga gällande sin syn och kunskap i frågor kopplade till migration.

[EN] Space -temporal distribution of the contaminant plumes and aquifer properties is critical for groundwater management. However, most previous studies have focused on point source identification, barely exploring the identification of non -point sources. Xu et al. (2022) proposed to identify non -point sources but did not consider uncertainties in aquifer properties and release mass loading. In this work, we have implemented an application of the localized ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (LES-MDA) for the simultaneous identification of Gaussian hydraulic conductivities and non -point source parameters including Gaussian release mass -loading by assimilating both piezometric head and concentration observations in a synthetic confined aquifer. The results prove that the LES-MDA is not only capable of providing accurate identification of the spatial architecture of non -point contaminant sources and related release parameters (such as initial release time, and release duration) but also spatially heterogeneous release mass -loading and hydraulic conductivities.

As countries experience structural transformation, a large portion of the rural population migrates to urban areas. A recurring question within social scientific fields, including economics, sociology, and economic history, is whether these migrants witness economic returns from relocating. This dissertation approaches this question by examining the self-selection and occupational attainment of rural-urban migration in Sweden during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century from a micro-level perspective. It consists of one introductory chapter and four research papers. A novel longitudinal database forms the empirical foundation for three out of the four research papers. Paper I investigates the determinants of rural-urban migration in the context of children leaving their parental homes. The results show that migration was selective on socio-economic status for men but not for women and that households engaged in risk-minimizing strategies by sending children of different genders to urban areas. Paper II analyzes the skill attainment of rural-urban migrants in urban areas. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, the results show that rural-urban migrants immediately upgraded their occupations when arriving in urban areas. However, they also witnessed further gains as they spent time in the urban area. Paper III is concerned with the intergenerational mobility of rural-urban return migrant men. I employ a within-household fixed-effects strategy to show that return migrants experienced substantial gains from temporarily moving to urban areas. Paper IV investigates the labor-market assimilation of rural-urban migrants. By contrast to the optimistic findings of the previous papers, I show that migrants never succeeded in converging with urban natives in terms of labor market outcomes. Taken together, the results show that at least migrant men were positively selected on socio-economic background, although most migrants originated in poorer households. Rura

This essay aims to study Swedish-Jewish women’s dress during a twenty-year period 1850–1870. Photographs in the style of carte de visite portraying jewish women in Sweden are examined, as well as painted portraiture and sartorial items. The material is then compared to photographs showing non-jewish women, as well as fashion plates from contemporary mid 19th-century fashion magazines. The purpose is to show both details of the Swedish-Jewish dress, the dress’ comparison to non-jewish fashion dress as well as to analyze these results in a context of jewish integration and assimilation during a time of jewish emancipation in Sweden. The research shows a jewish bourgeois dress very similar to contemporary fashion, as well as a visible integration and assimilation of the Swedish-Jewish minority. Conclusions which allow a problematization of “jewishness” and “otherness”, as well as a deeper understanding of the history of swedish jews, its norms, ideals and process towards integration and assimilation. Highlighting the cultural heritage of the jewish minority, one of Sweden’s national minority groups, broadens Swedish history and allows a marginalized history to better come to light.

The rise in migration, driven by globalization, has had two opposing consequences. From the perspective of migrant populations, it has led to the growth of multilingual spaces and the expansion of multilingualism. From the perspective of host societies, it has resulted in the tightening of borders, the establishment of boundaries, and an increasing interest in the media. This phenomenon is a result of globalization and, more specifically, of its erosion of national sovereignty. Language integration policies can be considered one of the tools employed by (European) states to strengthen their boundaries and prevent the erosion of national sovereignty. These policies focus on learning the national language not only to integrate migrants but also to address and strengthen the national population's fear of migrants. The anachronistic focus on monolingualism in integration policies is where the means to exclude multilingual migrants must be sought. These policies impact not only migrants but also bridge organizations, such as non-charitable or non-governmental organizations dealing with migrant integration. This thesis focuses on how the Italian State responds to the fear of erosion of national sovereignty through the instrument of language integration policy, and how the latter impacts the work of non-state organizations dealing with migrant integration. These organizations act as a bridge between migrants and the Italian bureaucratic system. Through a post-structural approach and the WPR (What is the problem represented to be) methodology, I will analyze how the Italian language integration policy is related to CIDIS policy and how CIDIS operators' interpretation of their policy affects their practices toward (anglophone African) migrants.

Studien behandlar ackommodation, assimilation och transfer efter en företagsintern utbildning med fokusområdet personliga styrkor. Uppsatsens teoretiska grund ligger i att ackommodation, assimilation och transfer är tre centrala pedagogiska fenomen som behöver tacklas inom skola och arbetsliv. Tidigare forskning belyser vikten av att ny kunskap går att överföra och använda i praktiken när en organisation investerar i lärande. Att utvärdera lärprocessen är därmed viktigt för att bedöma effektivitet och effekt av utbildningsprogram. Genom en triangulering, innehållande tre kvalitativa metoder, samlades data in som sedan analyserades med hjälp av Kirkpatricks modell för att utvärdera lärande. Målsättningen var att avgöra vilket resultat som uppnåtts av den genomförda utbildningen samt att besvara frågeställningen om huruvida utbildningsdeltagarna såg sitt lärande som assimilativt eller ackommodativt. Författarna visar på ett resultat där både ackommodativt och assimilativt lärande kan anses ha uppstått. Ett år efter utbildningsinsatsen kan konstateras att positiv transfer till viss del skett och kursen har gett en upplevelse av Aha snarare än Blaha.

The concept of integration is complex and multifaceted and is widely discussed in the social sciences, social and political debates, as well as the media. Previous research in the field of integration has identified different modes of immigrant integration, i.e., multiculturalism, assimilation, and civic integration. The general trend in Europe is that of abandoning the multicultural approach to integration, and Sweden is considered an outlier in this regard. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the political integration rhetoric in Sweden over time by conducting a multiple case study and comparing three major political parties in the Swedish parliament, namely, the Social Democratic Party, the Moderate Party, and the Sweden Democrats. The goal is to analyze their respective definitions of integration and framings of immigrants over time. This paper conducts a qualitative analysis using the matic data analysis and deductive logic. The empirical findings of this study point to the fact that Sweden is no longer an outlier regarding the general trend in Europe in abandoning the multicultural approach to integration. This paper concludes that regardless of any external factors, party politics and the growing support for SD among voters, a populist radical right party with its anti-immigrantsentiments, have to some extent influenced both S and M and their integration policies overtime, which has resulted in a shift in the political integration rhetoric in Sweden. Currently, all the parties examined in this paper view rights as the end goal of the integration processes at an individual level, despite the differences in the definition of integration and modes of integration policy between the parties. This is also evident in the contemporary political integration rhetoric in Sweden, where all three parties agree that previous integrationstrategies have failed. Another major finding in this thesis is that the time period for integration processes is often neglected b

This research explores the experiences of second-generation Palestinians in Sweden. It assesses the dynamics of identity negotiation within a multicultural context. While employing a qualitative approach, the study focuses on ten participants' acculturation strategies, linguistic competencies, coping mechanisms, and societal perceptions. The findings show a spectrum of strategies, from integrative approaches that embrace the two cultures to assimilation tendencies aligning with Swedish norms. Language proficiency is crucial to social integration and employment opportunities. It demonstrates the relationship between linguistic skills and socioeconomic advantages. Coping strategies include active engagement in cultural events, language maintenance, and seeking support from the Palestinian community. They demonstrate the resilience and creativity shown by individuals navigating dual identities. The study also exposes the emotional toll of perpetually being perceived as outsiders and emphasizes the urgent need for inclusive societal attitudes. Through thematic analysis, the research contributes a comprehensive understanding of the challenges, coping mechanisms, and societal implications inherent in the identity formation of the second-generation population.

I dagens samhälle berör integrationspolitiken en av de viktigaste samhällsfrågorna för invånarna i Sverige men när det kommer till begreppet integration så finns det en tvetydighet kring begreppet och förhållningssättet. Vidare finns det också en diskursiv påverkan kring begreppet gjord av politiker. Syftet med uppsatsen utgår från att se hur diskursen kring integration hålls av vår nuvarande regering samt Sverigedemokraterna, om den håller sig till den teoretiska definitionen och vilken påverkan diskursen har över samhället. Den kommer att försöka besvara frågeställningarna ”Vilken diskurs kring integration förs av dagens regering och Sverigedemokraterna?” och ”Hur förhåller sig deras diskurser till teoretiska begreppsdefinitioner och teoretiska perspektiv?” samt ”Vad för påverkan kan den politiska diskursen kring integration ha när det kommer till samhället?”. Utifrån en diskursanalys inspirerad utifrån Foucaults förståelse av den har jag analyserat diskursen kring integration som visas på partiernas hemsidor samt i Tidöavtalet som de gemensamt skrivit. I användandet av teorier och teoretiska begrepp som berör integration kunde jag finna att den diskurs som analyseras egentligen inte förespråkar integration utan förespråkar assimilation samtidigt som den leder till en segregation i samhället mellan majoritetssamhället och minoritetssamhället. Min forskning visar alltså att dagens politiker använder ordet integration i deras politik men förespråkar en politik som inte är för integration., Today, integration politics touches one of the most important social issues for the inhabitants of Sweden, but when it comes to the concept of integration, there is an ambiguity surrounding it and the way to approach it. Furthermore, there is also a discursive influence around integration made by politicians. The aim of the essay is based on seeing how the discourse around integration is held by our current government and the Swedish Democrats, whether it adheres to the theoretical definition and what impact the discourse has on society. It will try to answer the questions "Which discourse around integration is being held by today's government and the Swedish Democrats?" and "How do their discourses relate to theoretical conceptual definitions and theoretical perspectives?" and "What impact can this political discourse around integration have when it comes to society?". Based on a discourse analysis inspired by Foucault's understanding of it, I have analyzed the discourse around integration that appears on the parties' websites and in the Tidö-agreement that they jointly wrote. In the use of theories and theoretical concepts that concern integration, I could find that the discourse being analyzed does not really advocate integration but advocates assimilation. It also leads to a segregation in society between the majority society and the minority. My research thus shows that today's politicians use the word integration in their politics but advocate a policy that is not for integration.

The aim of this study is to examine some of the employees in the Church of Sweden and their knowledge and view on the concepts of tolerance, integration, assimilation and diversity. Besides that the study also examines if those employees motivate these concepts based on what I defined as Swedish values or confessional values. The study was done through submitted questionnaires from 26 employees within 15 parishes. To answer the survey's main questions, qualitative variables method was used that looked for variables and connections in the survey responses. Furthermore the study was based on the political philosopher Rainer Forst theory regarding tolerance. The analysis of the study shows that the 26 employees in the Church of Sweden have a high influence of Swedish values and/or Swedish legislation and low influences of confessional values in their answers. In addition to that the analysis also shows that 26 employees have lack of knowledge applicable concepts assimilation and integration. The analysis shows that the 26 employees have a partially similar view and knowledge regarding the concepts of diversity, tolerance and where they draw the line for tolerance. Lastly the 26 employees' view on tolerance according to the analysis gravitate towards the political philosopher Rainer Forst theory of tolerance as a respectful concept. The aim of the study has been to contribute to studies on the Church of Sweden's employees and their knowledge and view regarding contemporary concepts in order to provide an opportunity for increased knowledge within the subject. The study can also be used as a pilot study or a starting point for a more comprehensive survey of Church of Sweden's employees attitudes towards tolerance and diversity issues., Sammanfattningsvis syftade uppsatsen till att undersöka vilken syn och kunskap anställda i ett antal församlingar i Svenska kyrkan har på begreppen tolerans, mångfald, assimilering och integration. Dessutom undersöktes det i uppsatsen om de anställda motiverade dessa begrepp utifrån vad jag definierade som svenska eller konfessionella värderingar. Undersökningen gjordes genom inskickade enkäter från 26 anställda inom 15 församlingar. För att besvara uppsatsens syfte och frågeställningarna så användes kvalitativa variabler som letade efter variabler och samband i enkätsvaren. Förutom detta så utgick uppsatsen från Rainer Forst teori gällande tolerans. Resultatet visar att de 26 anställda i Svenska kyrkan har höga genomslag av svenska värderingaroch/eller svensk lagstiftning, låga genomslag av konfessionell profil, att de möjligtvis är tveksamma, obeslutsamma, undrande eller osäkra gällande begreppen assimilering och integration och att de anställda har en delvis liknande syn och kunskap gällande begreppen mångfald, tolerans och vart de drar gränsen för tolerans. Synen på tolerans utifrån hur den analyserats i uppsatsen visar att de 26 anställda drar mot Rainer Forst teori “tolerans som respekterande koncept”. Trots detta så har vissa av de anställda ändå genomslag av “tolerans som tillstånd koncept”. Forskning framåt skulle därför kunna undersöka om de anställda i Svenska kyrkan är stadiga eller föränderliga gällande sin syn och kunskap i frågor kopplade till migration.

As countries experience structural transformation, a large portion of the rural population migrates to urban areas. A recurring question within social scientific fields, including economics, sociology, and economic history, is whether these migrants witness economic returns from relocating. This dissertation approaches this question by examining the self-selection and occupational attainment of rural-urban migration in Sweden during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century from a micro-level perspective. It consists of one introductory chapter and four research papers. A novel longitudinal database forms the empirical foundation for three out of the four research papers. Paper I investigates the determinants of rural-urban migration in the context of children leaving their parental homes. The results show that migration was selective on socio-economic status for men but not for women and that households engaged in risk-minimizing strategies by sending children of different genders to urban areas. Paper II analyzes the skill attainment of rural-urban migrants in urban areas. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, the results show that rural-urban migrants immediately upgraded their occupations when arriving in urban areas. However, they also witnessed further gains as they spent time in the urban area. Paper III is concerned with the intergenerational mobility of rural-urban return migrant men. I employ a within-household fixed-effects strategy to show that return migrants experienced substantial gains from temporarily moving to urban areas. Paper IV investigates the labor-market assimilation of rural-urban migrants. By contrast to the optimistic findings of the previous papers, I show that migrants never succeeded in converging with urban natives in terms of labor market outcomes. Taken together, the results show that at least migrant men were positively selected on socio-economic background, although most migrants originated in poorer households. Rura

Objective: To obtain insight into adaptation processes of redefining normality and its influencing factors in relatives of patients with advanced cancer. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study among relatives of patients with advanced cancer was conducted. Participants were purposively recruited. Ten in-depth individual (relative only) and 16 dyad (relative and patient together) interviews were conducted, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed by means of thematic analysis, drawing on elements of grounded theory, combining both inductive and deductive elements. Results: Two adaptation processes of (redefining) normality were identified: assimilation and accommodation. The latter was found to be the main way of adapting to new events. Assimilative coping strategies entailed “continuing to do the same activities as done before the disease,” “difficulty accepting the situation,” “avoiding to think about the disease,” and “living in the short term.” Accommodative strategies involved “arranging practical matters,” “thinking about the future,” “doing what is feasible,” “engaging in new activities,” “accepting the situation,” “seeking distraction,” “living in the short term,” and “focusing on what truly matters in life.” The interplay between the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, a deteriorating disease status, and the accompanying uncertainty about the future was of influence on the relatives' coping strategies. Conclusion When the new situation is too divergent to assimilate, accommodation may be necessary for relatives to cope with the growing complexity of the consequences of their loved one's illness. Accommodative coping then involves accepting the changing reality and actively making the necessary adjustments to build resilience and cope with the new circumstances.

BACKGROUND: Innovations in coproduction are shaping public service reform in diverse contexts around the world. Although many innovations are local, others have expanded and evolved over time. We know very little, however, about the process of implementation and evolution of coproduction. The purpose of this study was to explore the adoption, implementation and assimilation of three approaches to the coproduction of public services with structurally vulnerable groups. METHODS: We conducted a 4 year longitudinal multiple case study (2019-2023) of three coproduced public service innovations involving vulnerable populations: ESTHER in Jönköping Region, Sweden involving people with multiple complex needs (Case 1); Making Recovery Real in Dundee, Scotland with people who have serious mental illness (Case 2); and Learning Centres in Manitoba, Canada (Case 3), also involving people with serious mental illness. Data sources included 14 interviews with strategic decision-makers and a document analysis to understand the history and contextual factors relating to each case. Three frameworks informed the case study protocol, semi-structured interview guides, data extraction, deductive coding and analysis: the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, the Diffusion of Innovation model and Lozeau's Compatibility Gaps to understand assimilation. RESULTS: The adoption of coproduction involving structurally vulnerable populations was a notable evolution of existing improvement efforts in Cases 1 and 3, while impetus by an external change agency, existing collaborative efforts among community organizations, and the opportunity to inform a new municipal mental health policy sparked adoption in Case 2. In all cases, coproduced innovation centred around a central philosophy that valued lived experience on an equal basis with professional knowledge in coproduction processes. This philosophical orientation offered flexibility and adaptability to local contexts, thereby facilitat

The concept of integration is complex and multifaceted and is widely discussed in the social sciences, social and political debates, as well as the media. Previous research in the field of integration has identified different modes of immigrant integration, i.e., multiculturalism, assimilation, and civic integration. The general trend in Europe is that of abandoning the multicultural approach to integration, and Sweden is considered an outlier in this regard. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the political integration rhetoric in Sweden over time by conducting a multiple case study and comparing three major political parties in the Swedish parliament, namely, the Social Democratic Party, the Moderate Party, and the Sweden Democrats. The goal is to analyze their respective definitions of integration and framings of immigrants over time. This paper conducts a qualitative analysis using the matic data analysis and deductive logic. The empirical findings of this study point to the fact that Sweden is no longer an outlier regarding the general trend in Europe in abandoning the multicultural approach to integration. This paper concludes that regardless of any external factors, party politics and the growing support for SD among voters, a populist radical right party with its anti-immigrantsentiments, have to some extent influenced both S and M and their integration policies overtime, which has resulted in a shift in the political integration rhetoric in Sweden. Currently, all the parties examined in this paper view rights as the end goal of the integration processes at an individual level, despite the differences in the definition of integration and modes of integration policy between the parties. This is also evident in the contemporary political integration rhetoric in Sweden, where all three parties agree that previous integrationstrategies have failed. Another major finding in this thesis is that the time period for integration processes is often neglected b

Studien behandlar ackommodation, assimilation och transfer efter en företagsintern utbildning med fokusområdet personliga styrkor. Uppsatsens teoretiska grund ligger i att ackommodation, assimilation och transfer är tre centrala pedagogiska fenomen som behöver tacklas inom skola och arbetsliv. Tidigare forskning belyser vikten av att ny kunskap går att överföra och använda i praktiken när en organisation investerar i lärande. Att utvärdera lärprocessen är därmed viktigt för att bedöma effektivitet och effekt av utbildningsprogram. Genom en triangulering, innehållande tre kvalitativa metoder, samlades data in som sedan analyserades med hjälp av Kirkpatricks modell för att utvärdera lärande. Målsättningen var att avgöra vilket resultat som uppnåtts av den genomförda utbildningen samt att besvara frågeställningen om huruvida utbildningsdeltagarna såg sitt lärande som assimilativt eller ackommodativt. Författarna visar på ett resultat där både ackommodativt och assimilativt lärande kan anses ha uppstått. Ett år efter utbildningsinsatsen kan konstateras att positiv transfer till viss del skett och kursen har gett en upplevelse av Aha snarare än Blaha.

This research explores the experiences of second-generation Palestinians in Sweden. It assesses the dynamics of identity negotiation within a multicultural context. While employing a qualitative approach, the study focuses on ten participants' acculturation strategies, linguistic competencies, coping mechanisms, and societal perceptions. The findings show a spectrum of strategies, from integrative approaches that embrace the two cultures to assimilation tendencies aligning with Swedish norms. Language proficiency is crucial to social integration and employment opportunities. It demonstrates the relationship between linguistic skills and socioeconomic advantages. Coping strategies include active engagement in cultural events, language maintenance, and seeking support from the Palestinian community. They demonstrate the resilience and creativity shown by individuals navigating dual identities. The study also exposes the emotional toll of perpetually being perceived as outsiders and emphasizes the urgent need for inclusive societal attitudes. Through thematic analysis, the research contributes a comprehensive understanding of the challenges, coping mechanisms, and societal implications inherent in the identity formation of the second-generation population.

I dagens samhälle berör integrationspolitiken en av de viktigaste samhällsfrågorna för invånarna i Sverige men när det kommer till begreppet integration så finns det en tvetydighet kring begreppet och förhållningssättet. Vidare finns det också en diskursiv påverkan kring begreppet gjord av politiker. Syftet med uppsatsen utgår från att se hur diskursen kring integration hålls av vår nuvarande regering samt Sverigedemokraterna, om den håller sig till den teoretiska definitionen och vilken påverkan diskursen har över samhället. Den kommer att försöka besvara frågeställningarna ”Vilken diskurs kring integration förs av dagens regering och Sverigedemokraterna?” och ”Hur förhåller sig deras diskurser till teoretiska begreppsdefinitioner och teoretiska perspektiv?” samt ”Vad för påverkan kan den politiska diskursen kring integration ha när det kommer till samhället?”. Utifrån en diskursanalys inspirerad utifrån Foucaults förståelse av den har jag analyserat diskursen kring integration som visas på partiernas hemsidor samt i Tidöavtalet som de gemensamt skrivit. I användandet av teorier och teoretiska begrepp som berör integration kunde jag finna att den diskurs som analyseras egentligen inte förespråkar integration utan förespråkar assimilation samtidigt som den leder till en segregation i samhället mellan majoritetssamhället och minoritetssamhället. Min forskning visar alltså att dagens politiker använder ordet integration i deras politik men förespråkar en politik som inte är för integration., Today, integration politics touches one of the most important social issues for the inhabitants of Sweden, but when it comes to the concept of integration, there is an ambiguity surrounding it and the way to approach it. Furthermore, there is also a discursive influence around integration made by politicians. The aim of the essay is based on seeing how the discourse around integration is held by our current government and the Swedish Democrats, whether it adheres to the theoretical definition and what impact the discourse has on society. It will try to answer the questions "Which discourse around integration is being held by today's government and the Swedish Democrats?" and "How do their discourses relate to theoretical conceptual definitions and theoretical perspectives?" and "What impact can this political discourse around integration have when it comes to society?". Based on a discourse analysis inspired by Foucault's understanding of it, I have analyzed the discourse around integration that appears on the parties' websites and in the Tidö-agreement that they jointly wrote. In the use of theories and theoretical concepts that concern integration, I could find that the discourse being analyzed does not really advocate integration but advocates assimilation. It also leads to a segregation in society between the majority society and the minority. My research thus shows that today's politicians use the word integration in their politics but advocate a policy that is not for integration.

This article explores how Native Americans and Africans have historically been treated by Europeans, with a particular emphasis on how both groups have been portrayed as barbaric and primitive in a variety of media, including literature, minstrel shows, newspapers, and advertisements. We'll talk about Native Americans' difficulties and how they gained their independence in this section. European colonization of North America resulted in the displacement of these tribes, who were then forced into reservations and subjected to assimilation strategies that were often violent and betrayed treaties. European assimilation efforts aimed to erase Native American culture, history, and identity through the establishment of boarding schools that forced Native American children to adopt European habits, attire, and language. The method was intended to "kill the Indian, save the man," as institutions such as the Carlisle Indian School illustrated. Despite the hardships and cultural loss inflicted on Native Americans, their experience in boarding schools was critical in developing future Native American leaders and building a sense of pan-Indian identity, thereby refuting the notion of them as a dying race. The article also delves into the influence of British colonial rule on Native Americans, as well as the imposition of taxes without representation, which sparked riots such as the Boston Tea Party. The Continental Congress and the following Declaration of Independence were watershed points in the American Revolution. Furthermore, the Coercive Acts meant to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party, stoked colonial discontent and aided in the commencement of the American Revolutionary War. The article finishes by underlining the significance of these historical events in establishing the identity of the United States and the ongoing struggle for Native Americans' rights and acknowledgment. This in-depth examination of historical events and their interconnectivity sheds ligh

This contribution aims to give an overview of the position of Muslim communities in the Netherlands. The approach is driven by the question of the processes of acculturation of the mentioned communities in the Netherlands, the concept of acculturation as understood by Sam & Berry (2010). The article is composed as follows. Section 1 draws the theoretical context of this article and formulates a main research question. Section 2 presents some statistical data on the Muslim communities in the country; section 3 presents a sketch of the communities under concern, treating divers aspects; section 4 presents a selection of studies on acculturation processes of Muslims in the Netherlands. Section 5 then wraps up the findings and observations and concludes with the presentation of an answer to the key question of this article, and a discussion.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to show the condition of correctional institutions in Indonesia after the Covid-19 outbreak, where at that time the government implemented an assimilation policy as a limitation on social distancing.   Theoretical framework: The problem of criminal implementation in Indonesia has received ongoing attention. The implementation of punishment should be adjusted to correctional standards in accordance with correctional objectives which cannot be separated from the rights of prisoners which are difficult to achieve in conditions of overcapacity.   Design/methodology/approach: This research is qualitative by drawing conclusions based on the orientation of data output from the Indonesian Directorate General of Corrections. Where the author will provide conclusions on the condition of correctional institutions after the 2020 assimilation policy, which has pros and cons in society, whether it will have a positive effect in the long term or not. If we refer to global correctional standards, the amount of capacity is the basis for assessing the achievement of correctional goals.   Findings: Based on Permenkumham Number 32 of 2020 regarding assimilation as a policy to limit social distancing and protect the rights of prisoners during the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been shown that something that is considered a good answer to the overcapacity of prisons in almost all regional offices in Indonesia is in fact not providing significant change. Data from correctional institutions in all provincial regional offices in Indonesia shows that the total number of inmates in 2019 was 199,965 inmates, in 2020 there were 205,484 and in 2022 there were 225,877 inmates with a maximum capacity of 137,031.   Research, Practical & Social implications: The problem of criminal implementation is in the spotlight due to overcapacity in almost all correctional institutions. It would be best for the government, in this case the Indonesian

The 1939 Option Agreement between Italy and Germany concerning South Tyrol was the first population transfer agreement in western European history. Its analysis offers a unique opportunity to shift the focus of the historiography on interwar minority questions from eastern to western Europe, thus challenging the lingering view of eastern Europe as a land of endemic ethnic heterogeneity and conflict. Furthermore, the 1939 Option illuminates a form of ‘consistent ambivalence’ that problematizes dominant analytical frameworks concerning the management of ethnic differences. Italian fascists consistently affirmed the inevitable assimilation, and therefore inclusion, of minorities within the Italian nation, but they also deeply distrusted them. As this ambivalent attitude reached a climax in the 1939 Option, in order to understand fascist behaviour during the implementation of the agreement we need to consider the longer history of fascist attempts to homogenize the new provinces. Three features structured these attempts: a belief that the assimilation of these minorities would be inevitable; the absence of means to carry out radical solutions; and a deep-seated distrust of the minorities. Fascist policy during the Option was simultaneously more ambivalent than the current historiography suggests and more consistent with the regime's interwar homogenization policies., Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, Depto. de Historia, Teorías y Geografías Políticas, Fac. de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, TRUE, pub

The research question of the present paper is the following: to what degree (if any) is gender relevant as an explanatory factor in, firstly, the process of assimilation and later, the process of (re)vitalisation of indigenous and minority languages in northern Fenno-Scandia (the North Calotte)? The assimilation of the ethnic groups in question was a process initiated and lead by the authorities in the three different countries. Finland, Sweden and Norway. Nevertheless, members of the indigenous and minority groups also took part in practicing, though, not necessarily promoting, the official assimilation politics, for different reasons. (Re)vitalisation, on the other hand, was initially - and still is - mostly a process stemming from the minority groups themselves, though the authorities to a certain extent have embraced it. The paper thus addresses the question of whether gender played a role in the two different processes, assimilation and (re)vitalisation, and if that was the case, how and why.

The research question of the present paper is the following: to what degree (if any) is gender relevant as an explanatory factor in, firstly, the process of assimilation and later, the process of (re)vitalisation of indigenous and minority languages in northern Fenno-Scandia (the North Calotte)? The assimilation of the ethnic groups in question was a process initiated and lead by the authorities in the three different countries. Finland, Sweden and Norway. Nevertheless, members of the indigenous and minority groups also took part in practicing, though, not necessarily promoting, the official assimilation politics, for different reasons. (Re)vitalisation, on the other hand, was initially - and still is - mostly a process stemming from the minority groups themselves, though the authorities to a certain extent have embraced it. The paper thus addresses the question of whether gender played a role in the two different processes, assimilation and (re)vitalisation, and if that was the case, how and why.

The year 2022 saw record breaking temperatures in Europe during both summer and fall. Similar to the recent 2018 drought, close to 30% (3.0 million km2) of the European continent was under severe summer drought. In 2022, the drought was located in central and southeastern Europe, contrasting the Northern-centered 2018 drought. We show, using multiple sets of observations, a reduction of net biospheric carbon uptake in summer (56-62 TgC) over the drought area. Specific sites in France even showed a widespread summertime carbon release by forests, additional to wildfires. Partial compensation (32%) for the decreased carbon uptake due to drought was offered by a warm autumn with prolonged biospheric carbon uptake. The severity of this second drought event in 5 years suggests drought-induced reduced carbon uptake to no longer be exceptional, and important to factor into Europe’s developing plans for net-zero greenhouse gas emissions that rely on carbon uptake by forests.

This essay is about how a minority ethnic group, namely, assyrian/syrian immigrants have, or have not, assimilated and integrated into the swedish society. The ethnic group that came to Sweden relatively early, i.e. during but also earlier than the 1970s, came to Sweden when the county extended a helping hand to many refugees who have fled from war, oppression and economic crises. I investigate whether the ethnic group has been assimilated in Sweden and how they have established themselves in the country and whether or not the integration process has gone easier, or not, because of the groups´s habitus, i.e. life experiences, culture, mentality and habits. The people who have settled in the Middle East for several generations are an indigenous group of people who are known to be one of the first civilized societies and were located in ancient Mesopotamia so called “The assyrian empire”, and have therefore formed an ancient identity. For my last research question, i investigate how the ancient identity has been affected by migration , separation of the ethnic group ,mobility in several countries and how the participants of the study feels about their remaking of the identity. Will the ancient identity disappear, is a discussed question in the analysis.

This essay is about how a minority ethnic group, namely, assyrian/syrian immigrants have, or have not, assimilated and integrated into the swedish society. The ethnic group that came to Sweden relatively early, i.e. during but also earlier than the 1970s, came to Sweden when the county extended a helping hand to many refugees who have fled from war, oppression and economic crises. I investigate whether the ethnic group has been assimilated in Sweden and how they have established themselves in the country and whether or not the integration process has gone easier, or not, because of the groups´s habitus, i.e. life experiences, culture, mentality and habits. The people who have settled in the Middle East for several generations are an indigenous group of people who are known to be one of the first civilized societies and were located in ancient Mesopotamia so called “The assyrian empire”, and have therefore formed an ancient identity. For my last research question, i investigate how the ancient identity has been affected by migration , separation of the ethnic group ,mobility in several countries and how the participants of the study feels about their remaking of the identity. Will the ancient identity disappear, is a discussed question in the analysis.

National identity is widely used to explain anti-immigrant attitudes and thus the appeal for right-wing (populist) parties. Yet, consensus on how to capture national identity is lacking. This article identifies ideal-typical patterns of national boundary making across 42 countries and more than 25 years beyond the ethnic-civic dichotomy and addresses the multidimensionality of national identity. Using latent class analysis and cluster analysis, four ideal-typical conceptions of nationhood are identified and shown to be differently related to national attachment, national pride, and national chauvinism. Overall, the results close the methodological-empirical gap between classical approaches and recent inductive approaches to national identity and demonstrate that national identity is a cross-cultural phenomenon with distinct types., Nationale Identität wird häufig als Erklärung für einwanderungsfeindliche Einstellungen und damit für die Attraktivität rechtsextremer (populistischer) Parteien herangezogen. Es besteht jedoch kein Konsens darüber, wie die nationale Identität zu erfassen ist. In diesem Artikel werden idealtypische Muster der nationalen Abgrenzung in 42 Ländern und mehr als 25 Jahren jenseits der ethnisch-bürgerlichen Dichotomie identifiziert und die Multidimensionalität der nationalen Identität angesprochen. Mithilfe von latenter Klassenanalyse und Clusteranalyse werden vier idealtypische Vorstellungen von Nationalität identifiziert und es wird gezeigt, dass sie in unterschiedlichem Zusammenhang mit nationaler Verbundenheit, Nationalstolz und nationalem Chauvinismus stehen. Insgesamt schließen die Ergebnisse die methodisch-empirische Lücke zwischen klassischen Ansätzen und neueren induktiven Ansätzen zur nationalen Identität und zeigen, dass nationale Identität ein kulturübergreifendes Phänomen mit unterschiedlichen Typen ist.

Der Beitrag übersetzt die Anliegen des menschenrechtlichen Verständnisses von Inklusion in einen Analyserahmen für die Fluchtforschung. Anhand eines Forschungsprojekts zum Thema "Flucht und Inklusion - Historische und zeitgenössische Analysen zur Teilhabe von Geflüchteten" verdeutlicht er die Perspektive junger Geflüchteter in Deutschland auf ihre Schul- und Bildungssituation. Zentrales Ergebnis ist, dass die Beschulung der Logik von Integration, nicht von Inklusion folgt. Die Ergebnisse knüpfen an Erkenntnisse zur Beschulung der Kinder von Migrant_innen in der Vergangenheit an und rekonstruieren Formen der Separierung als pfadabhängige Umgangsweise mit Migration in Deutschland. Der Beitrag plädiert für eine Zusammenführung der Diskussionen zu Inklusion in den pädagogischen Teildisziplinen und eine Inklusionspädagogik, welche Teilhabeprozesse aus Akteur_innensicht beforscht und Räume der Teilhabe gestaltet. Stichworte: Inklusion, Teilhabe, UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention, Schule, Bildung, Migration und Flucht, Separierung, Assimilation, Integration., The paper translates the concerns of a human rights based understanding of inclusion into an analytical framework in flight research. Based on the research project "Flight and Inclusion - Historical and Contemporary Analysis of the Participation of Young Refugees", the paper illustrates the perspective of young refugees on their schooling and education situation in Germany. The central result is that school and education follow the logic of integration, not of inclusion. The results build on findings on the schooling and education of migrant children in the past and reconstruct forms of separation as a path-dependent dealing with migration in Germany. The paper speaks for a joining of discussions on inclusion in the pedagogical disciplines and an inclusive pedagogy, which explores participatory processes from the perspective of the actors and arranges spaces of participation.

Objective: This article studies the intergenerational stability of employment in families of immigrants cross-nationally by investigating to what extent contextual differences between sending and receiving countries affect the transmission of labour force participation from mothers to daughters. Background: It is often argued that a low level of labour force participation among female immigrants reflects gender norms inherited from the sending country, or, alternatively, that it is indicative of obstacles to social mobility in the receiving country. We seek to add to the existing research on this topic by providing evidence of differences between sending and receiving countries that systematically affect the labour market behaviour of female immigrants. Method: We use individual-level data from the European Social Survey (ESS) for 35 receiving countries for a 14-year period (2004-2018) in combination with contextual data for 172 sending countries from 1960 to 2018. First, we provide an overview of employment rates and intergenerational employment stability for different combinations of sending and receiving contexts with respect to the labour force participation rates of female immigrants. Second, we corroborate our descriptive findings with multilevel models. Results: Our paper shows that there are changes in the levels of intergenerational employment stability among immigrants depending on the differences in the female labour force participation rates between the sending and the receiving countries. We find that when women migrate from countries with low female labour force participation rates to countries with high female labour force participation rates, their probability of participating in the labour force increases. However, we also find that the levels of intergenerational employment stability in this group are high. Conclusion: Intergenerational employment stability seems to be responsive to contextual differences between sending and receiving countries. We, Fragestellung: Unser Beitrag befasst sich mit der intergenerationalen Stabilität von Frauenerwerbsbeteiligung innerhalb von Familien mit Einwanderungsgeschichte. Wir untersuchen inwieweit sich Unterschiede zwischen Herkunfts- und Aufnahmeländern auf die Transmission der Erwerbsbeteiligung von Müttern zu Töchtern auswirken. Hintergrund: Als Grund für die oftmals geringe Erwerbsbeteiligung von Migrantinnen werden häufig aus den Herkunftsländern stammende tradierte Geschlechterrollen angeführt. Ein anderer Erklärungsansatz benennt Barrieren sozialer Mobilität in den Aufnahmeländern als wesentliche Hürde. Forschung die sich mit der intergenerationalen Stabilität der Erwerbsbeteiligung migrantischer Mütter und Töchter beschäftigt, betrachtet meist nur ein einziges Herkunfts- oder Aufnahmeland. Die länderübergreifende Perspektive hingegen hat erst in der jüngeren Forschung an Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen (e.g., OECD 2017). Wir tragen zur bestehenden Forschung empirische Analysen bei, die zeigen, wie kontextuelle Unterschiede Aufnahme- und Herkunftsländern die Erwerbsbeteiligung von Migrantinnen systematisch beeinflussen. Methode: Wir nutzen Daten des European Social Survey (ESS) aus 35 Ländern über eine Zeitspanne von 14 Jahren (2004-2018). Diese werden ergänzt durch kontextuelle Daten zu 172 Herkunftsländern für die Zeit von 1960 bis 2018. Zuerst wird ein Überblick über Erwerbsquoten von Migrantinnen und intergenerationaler Stabilität von Erwerbstätigkeit innerhalb dieser Gruppe gegeben. In einem zweiten Schritt werden die deskriptiven Befunde durch Mehrebenenmodelle, die demografische und sozio-kulturelle Merkmale kontrollieren sowie die geschachtelte Datenstruktur berücksichtigen, geprüft. Ergebnisse: Unser Beitrag zeigt, dass Unterschiede in der intergenerationalen Stabilität im Zusammenhang mit dem Unterschied der allgemeinen Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen zwischen Herkunfts- und Aufnahmeländern stehen. Während eine Migration aus Ländern mit niedriger Erwerbsbeteiligung vo

Our article addresses two aspects of young migrants’ understandings of integration: their own ideas of what integration is, and their perception of the destination society’s concepts and expectations regarding their integration. We analyze qualitative interviews which were conducted in the Horizon 2020 project MIMY, in Germany, Luxembourg and Norway, using the grounded theory methodology. Our exploration shows that the young migrants’ awareness of the existing ideas of integration surrounding them creates a complex reflective interaction between their own ideas and the (perceived) expectations from society. We identified aspects of consonance, where young migrants’ ideas coincide with the expectations they perceive. More importantly, however, our research has discovered that the youth experience tensions and dissonance between their own ideas of what integration should be and the concepts and expectations regarding integration they feel confronted with by society. Our analysis revealed that while young migrants’ understandings of integration are very close to state-of-the-art scientific conceptualizations of integration, this view is not matched by the meaning of integration they perceive around them.

Our article addresses two aspects of young migrants’ understandings of integration: their own ideas of what integration is, and their perception of the destination society’s concepts and expectations regarding their integration. We analyze qualitative interviews which were conducted in the Horizon 2020 project MIMY, in Germany, Luxembourg and Norway, using the grounded theory methodology. Our exploration shows that the young migrants’ awareness of the existing ideas of integration surrounding them creates a complex reflective interaction between their own ideas and the (perceived) expectations from society. We identified aspects of consonance, where young migrants’ ideas coincide with the expectations they perceive. More importantly, however, our research has discovered that the youth experience tensions and dissonance between their own ideas of what integration should be and the concepts and expectations regarding integration they feel confronted with by society. Our analysis revealed that while young migrants’ understandings of integration are very close to state-of-the-art scientific conceptualizations of integration, this view is not matched by the meaning of integration they perceive around them.

This essay is an effort to highlight what integration is and how it is achieved. The aim of this study is to create a deeper understanding of integration and its process in Kristianstad. The focus is on a local level and Kristianstad as a municipality has been investigated. Two different categories of people have been interviewed for this study to be able to highlight integration. The first category includes personal that is working with integration in Kristianstad through a municipal perspective. The other category includes people that has immigrated to Kristianstad. The theories that this essay used about integration is by Margareta Popoola and Jose Alberto Diaz. The result of my study shows that integration is seen as a process for both the minority group and the majority group to adapt on several levels to each other. Even though the groups are intended to adapt to each other the result show that its mostly the minority as a group that needs to adapt to the majority when integration is discussed. The conclusion of this study is partly that integration is a complicated term and can be understood differently depending on where and when its used., Denna uppsats är ett försök att belysa vad integration är och hur det uppnås. Syftet med denna studie är att skapa en djupare förståelse för integration och dess process i Kristianstad. Fokuset ligger på lokal nivå och Kristianstad som kommun har utretts. Två olika kategorier av personer har intervjuats till denna studie för att diskutera kring integration. I den första kategorin ingår personal som arbetar med integration i Kristianstad utifrån ett kommunalt perspektiv. Den andra kategorin inkluderar personer som har invandrat till Kristianstad. Teorierna som denna uppsats använt om integration är av Margareta Popoola och Jose Alberto Diaz. Resultatet av min studie visar att integration ses som en process för både minoritetsgruppen och majoritetsgruppen att på flera plan anpassa sig till varandra. Även om grupperna är tänkta att anpassa sig till varandra visar resultatet att det mest är minoriteten som grupp som förväntas anpassa sig till majoriteten när integration diskuteras. Slutsatsen av denna studie är delvis att integration är ett komplicerat begrepp och kan förstås olika beroende på var och när det används.

En stark politisk självständighet på kommunal nivå i Sverige kan innebära skillnader i målsättningar och förutsättningar för integration under olika mandatperioder och koalitioner. Denna uppsats undersöker integrationspolitikens strategier och vill således undersöka och jämföra hur partiernas årsplaner förhåller sig till det som i forskning definieras som integration. vi vill exemplifiera hur kommunala politiker i den valda kommunen arbetar med sin integrationspolitik, vilka likheter och skillnader finns det mellan olika majoritetsstyren i dess årsplaner? Strävar majoriteterna efter multikulturell politik, segregerad politik eller assimilerings politik? Materialet i studien som har analyserats är Eskilstuna kommuns majoritetspartiers årsplaner som ligger till grund för studien. I dessa årsplaner har vi fokuserat på att ta ut väsentliga delar som kan kopplas till integrationspolitik. Vi har utgått från Hermansson (1984) idékomplex “varat, ”börat” och görat” Begreppens utformning utgör majoriteternas likheter, skillnader och åtgärder för problemet. I vårt fall utgår vi från hur majoriteternas idéer kring integration formuleras. Vi kommer även att utgå från tre dimensioner, där vi vill diskutera hur årsplanerna förhåller sig i verkligheten till dessa dimensioner av integrationspolitik. Grunden för dimensionerna bygger på Carl Dahlströms integrationsmodeller som delas upp i tre komponenter assimilering, mångkulturalism samt segregationEn slutsats vi har kommit fram till i studien är att alla årsplaner ser en verklighetsbild som bygger på ett samhälle som är segregerat. Alla majoriteter är överens om att det finns ojämlikheter och skillnader i samhället som gör att olika individer inte har samma rättigheter, möjligheter och skyldigheter att delta i samhället. Vi ser även att alla partimajoriteter är överens om att man vill minska på dessa skillnader och vidta åtgärder för att detta ska ske. I detta steg börjar årsplanerna skilja sig åt där de strategiska målen och åtgärd

This article explores the shifting connotations of two key terms in propaganda texts on bilingual education policy in Inner Mongolia. The two terms are dumdadu-yin ündüsten (Ch.: Zhonghua minzu, Chinese nation) and ulus-un neidem hereglehü üge hel (Ch.: guojia tongyong yuyan, national common language). I examine how the meanings of these key terms have begun to shift as China strives to shed its multinational character and build a linguistically homogenous Chinese nation-state. The new prominence given to the term dumdadu-yin ündüsten (Chinese nation) and the gradual substitution of the terms neitelig hel (Ch.: putonghua) and khitad hel (Han language) with the term ulus-un neidem hereglehü üge hel (national common language) in propaganda texts in Inner Mongolia reflect and shape China’s changing policies on its borderlands. In this brief exploratory article, I underline how the Mongolian terms referring to the Chinese nation and national common language undergo shifts in their meanings as what sits at the very core of these terms – the Han – irrepressibly exposes itself and subsumes other meaning potentials., Improvisation och hopp för att möta assimilation: Mongoliska identiteter i ett Kina i förändring, Improvisation and hope in the face of assimilation: Mongolian identities in a changing China

This article explores the shifting connotations of two key terms in propaganda texts on bilingual education policy in Inner Mongolia. The two terms are dumdadu-yin ündüsten (Ch.: Zhonghua minzu, Chinese nation) and ulus-un neidem hereglehü üge hel (Ch.: guojia tongyong yuyan, national common language). I examine how the meanings of these key terms have begun to shift as China strives to shed its multinational character and build a linguistically homogenous Chinese nation-state. The new prominence given to the term dumdadu-yin ündüsten (Chinese nation) and the gradual substitution of the terms neitelig hel (Ch.: putonghua) and khitad hel (Han language) with the term ulus-un neidem hereglehü üge hel (national common language) in propaganda texts in Inner Mongolia reflect and shape China’s changing policies on its borderlands. In this brief exploratory article, I underline how the Mongolian terms referring to the Chinese nation and national common language undergo shifts in their meanings as what sits at the very core of these terms – the Han – irrepressibly exposes itself and subsumes other meaning potentials., Improvisation och hopp för att möta assimilation: Mongoliska identiteter i ett Kina i förändring, Improvisation and hope in the face of assimilation: Mongolian identities in a changing China

This article explores the shifting connotations of two key terms in propaganda texts on bilingual education policy in Inner Mongolia. The two terms are dumdadu-yin ündüsten (Ch.: Zhonghua minzu, Chinese nation) and ulus-un neidem hereglehü üge hel (Ch.: guojia tongyong yuyan, national common language). I examine how the meanings of these key terms have begun to shift as China strives to shed its multinational character and build a linguistically homogenous Chinese nation-state. The new prominence given to the term dumdadu-yin ündüsten (Chinese nation) and the gradual substitution of the terms neitelig hel (Ch.: putonghua) and khitad hel (Han language) with the term ulus-un neidem hereglehü üge hel (national common language) in propaganda texts in Inner Mongolia reflect and shape China’s changing policies on its borderlands. In this brief exploratory article, I underline how the Mongolian terms referring to the Chinese nation and national common language undergo shifts in their meanings as what sits at the very core of these terms – the Han – irrepressibly exposes itself and subsumes other meaning potentials., Improvisation och hopp för att möta assimilation: Mongoliska identiteter i ett Kina i förändring, Improvisation and hope in the face of assimilation: Mongolian identities in a changing China

This study examines cultural inclusivity as a phenomenon in organisational communication. Its significant, original contribution to knowledge is identifying a construct of cultural inclusivity distinct from diversity, inclusiveness, and inclusion. Theories of organisational assimilation and member identity/identification are used to interpret the stories of organisational members from majority/dominant and minority/nondominant culture groups. The connection between ethnic/racial/national culture and the focal theories is explored. Clarification of the construct of cultural inclusivity and its relationship to cultural diversity, inclusiveness, and inclusion are developed. This enhances awareness of the core construct of cultural inclusivity in the stories of organisational members. Data gathered through loosely structured interviews produced stories from culturally diverse members’ experiences of similar communication from their organisations in Aotearoa/New Zealand about changes in working conditions under Covid-19 restrictions. Thematic analysis was used to explore participants’ perceptions of cultural inclusivity in organisational communication. Possibilities are presented for future research of this construct and its application in organisational communication.

The Russian-Ukrainian war is often treated as a local conflict between two post-Soviet countries on the edge of Eastern Europe. Despite appearances, the Russian invasion can be considered as a confrontation within the once common Orthodox civilization. Russia’s self-isolation clearly shows that this country is now closing in the circle of the ‘Russian mire’, and Ukraine is moving towards Western civilization. This allows us to talk about a kind of “divorce of civilization”. In this context, on the example of the Polish minority in Eastern Ukraine, the author considers the problem of the so-called fuzzy/hybrid identity of Ukrainian citizens., Wojna rosyjsko-ukraińska często jest traktowana jako konflikt lokalny dwóch krajów postradzieckich na krańcach Europy Wschodniej. Inwazję rosyjską można jednak uznać za konfrontację w ramach kiedyś wspólnej cywilizacji prawosławnej. Samoizolacja Rosji wyraźnie świadczy, że obecnie kraj ten zamyka się w kręgu „ruskiego miru”, a Ukraina podąża w kierunku cywilizacji zachodniej. To pozwala mówić o swoistym „rozwodzie cywilizacji”. W tym kontekście, na przykładzie polskiej mniejszości na wschodniej Ukrainie, autor rozważa problem tak zwanej rozmytej / hybrydowej tożsamości obywateli Ukrainy.

El informe de fray Juan de Pereda confirma la idea que se tenía sobre la buena cristiandad y lealtad a la Corona de los moriscos antiguos murcianos. Aunque estos tenían procedencias muy diversas y no todos eran descendientes de los mudéjares naturales del reino, gracias al contacto mantenido con los cristianos antiguos, las medidas puestas por el Consejo de Órdenes y la predicación de los frailes de las órdenes mendicantes fueron adquiriendo el conocimiento y las prácticas de la fe cristiana y dejando atrás sus antiguas costumbres, vistas entonces como señal de apego a su antigua religión., Fray Juan de Pereda report confirms the idea that was had about good Christianity and loyalty to the Crown of the ancient Murcian Moors. Although these had very diverse origins and not all were descendants of the natural Mudejars of the kingdom, thanks to the contact maintained with ancient Christians, the measures put into place by the Council of Orders and the preaching of the friars of the mendicant orders were acquiring knowledge and the practices of the Christian faith and leaving behind their old customs, seen then as a sign of attachment to their old religion.

The research question of the present paper is the following: to what degree (if any) is gender relevant as an explanatory factor in, firstly, the process of assimilation and later, the process of (re)vitalisation of indigenous and minority languages in northern Fenno-Scandia (the North Calotte)? The assimilation of the ethnic groups in question was a process initiated and lead by the authorities in the three different countries. Finland, Sweden and Norway. Nevertheless, members of the indigenous and minority groups also took part in practicing, though, not necessarily promoting, the official assimilation politics, for different reasons. (Re)vitalisation, on the other hand, was initially - and still is - mostly a process stemming from the minority groups themselves, though the authorities to a certain extent have embraced it. The paper thus addresses the question of whether gender played a role in the two different processes, assimilation and (re)vitalisation, and if that was the case, how and why.

This article explores the shifting connotations of two key terms in propaganda texts on bilingual education policy in Inner Mongolia. The two terms are dumdadu-yin ündüsten (Ch.: Zhonghua minzu, Chinese nation) and ulus-un neidem hereglehü üge hel (Ch.: guojia tongyong yuyan, national common language). I examine how the meanings of these key terms have begun to shift as China strives to shed its multinational character and build a linguistically homogenous Chinese nation-state. The new prominence given to the term dumdadu-yin ündüsten (Chinese nation) and the gradual substitution of the terms neitelig hel (Ch.: putonghua) and khitad hel (Han language) with the term ulus-un neidem hereglehü üge hel (national common language) in propaganda texts in Inner Mongolia reflect and shape China’s changing policies on its borderlands. In this brief exploratory article, I underline how the Mongolian terms referring to the Chinese nation and national common language undergo shifts in their meanings as what sits at the very core of these terms – the Han – irrepressibly exposes itself and subsumes other meaning potentials., Improvisation och hopp för att möta assimilation: Mongoliska identiteter i ett Kina i förändring, Improvisation and hope in the face of assimilation: Mongolian identities in a changing China

Churches often struggle with finding enough volunteers to staff their ministries fully. The church staff and a small percentage of its membership usually does most of the ministry. Instead of pleading for more volunteers and putting pressure on those already serving to add additional ministries, churches can equip their current membership to serve in the church as they are gifted. When someone comes to Christ, God gives them at least one spiritual gift. Believers also have ministry passions and talents that can be leveraged for building and growing the church. Churches can help their members discover their spiritual gifts and consider their passions and talents in finding a place for every member to serve. This project seeks to fully engage the membership of First Baptist Church Baldwyn, Mississippi, through the implementation of a ministry placement process. The ministry placement process has participants consider their spiritual gifts, passions, and talents before selecting a ministry to serve. To make the process more effective, a church ministry map is used to help participants understand where they may fit into the life of the church. As a result of the ministry placement process, church members are more likely to find fulfillment and joy in their service, giving them the confidence to serve.