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1. Innovations and advances in instrumentation at the W. M. Keck Observatory, vol. III

Author: Kassis, Marc F, Vernet, Joël R1, Bryant, Julia J, Motohara, Kentaro, Kassis, Marc F, Alvarez, Carlos, Baker, Ashley D, Bailey, John I, Banyal, Ravinder K, Bertz, Rob, Beichman, Charles A, Bouchez, Antonin H, Brown, Aaron M, Brown, Matthew K, Bundy, Kevin A, Campbell, Randall D, Chun, Mark R, Cooke, Jeffrey, Deich, William T, Dekany, Richard G, Doppmann, Greg, Fassnacht, Christopher, Ferrara, Jocelyn, Fitzgerald, Michael P, Fremling, Christoffer, Fucik, Jason R, Gibson, Steven R, Gillingham, Peter R, Glazebrook, Karl, Greffe, Timothee, Halverson, Samuel P, Hill, Grant M, Hillenbrand, Lynne, Hinz, Philip M, Holden, Bradford P, Howard, Andrew W, Huber, Daniel, Jones, Tucker A, Jordan, Carolyn, Jovanovic, Nemanja J, Kain, Isabel J, Kasliwal, Mansi M, Kirby, Evan, Konopacky, Quinn M, Krishnan, Shanti, Kulkarni, Shrinivas R, Kupke, Renate, Lanclos, Kyle, Larkin, James E, Lilley, Scott J, Lingvay, Larry, Lu, Jessica R, Lyke, James E, MacDonald, Nicholas, Martin, Christopher, Mather, John C, Matuszewski, Mateusz, Mawet, Dimitri P, McGurk, Rosalie C, Marin, Eduardo, Meeks, Robert L, Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A, Nash, Reston B, Neill, James D, O'Meara, John M, Pahuja, Rishi, Peretz, Eliad, Prusinski, Nikolaus, Radovan, Matthew V, Rider, Kodi A, Roberts, Mitsuko K, Rockosi, Constance M, Rubenzahl, Ryan, Sallum, Stephanie E, Sandford, Dale, Savage, Maureen L, Skemer, Andrew J, Smith, Roger, Steidel, Charles, Steiner, Jonathan, Stelter, Richard D, Walawender, Josh, Westfall, Kyle B, Wizinowich, Peter L, Wright, Shelley A, Wold, Truman, Zimmer, Jake, Kassis, Marc F, Vernet, Joël R1, Bryant, Julia J, Motohara, Kentaro, Kassis, Marc F, Alvarez, Carlos, Baker, Ashley D, Bailey, John I, Banyal, Ravinder K, Bertz, Rob, Beichman, Charles A, Bouchez, Antonin H, Brown, Aaron M, Brown, Matthew K, Bundy, Kevin A, Campbell, Randall D, Chun, Mark R, Cooke, Jeffrey, Deich, William T, Dekany, Richard G, Doppmann, Greg, Fassnacht, Christopher, Ferrara, Jocelyn, Fitzgerald, Michael P, Fremling, Christoffer, Fucik, Jason R, Gibson, Steven R, Gillingham, Peter R, Glazebrook, Karl, Greffe, Timothee, Halverson, Samuel P, Hill, Grant M, Hillenbrand, Lynne, Hinz, Philip M, Holden, Bradford P, Howard, Andrew W, Huber, Daniel, Jones, Tucker A, Jordan, Carolyn, Jovanovic, Nemanja J, Kain, Isabel J, Kasliwal, Mansi M, Kirby, Evan, Konopacky, Quinn M, Krishnan, Shanti, Kulkarni, Shrinivas R, Kupke, Renate, Lanclos, Kyle, Larkin, James E, Lilley, Scott J, Lingvay, Larry, Lu, Jessica R, Lyke, James E, MacDonald, Nicholas, Martin, Christopher, Mather, John C, Matuszewski, Mateusz, Mawet, Dimitri P, McGurk, Rosalie C, Marin, Eduardo, Meeks, Robert L, Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A, Nash, Reston B, Neill, James D, O'Meara, John M, Pahuja, Rishi, Peretz, Eliad, Prusinski, Nikolaus, Radovan, Matthew V, Rider, Kodi A, Roberts, Mitsuko K, Rockosi, Constance M, Rubenzahl, Ryan, Sallum, Stephanie E, Sandford, Dale, Savage, Maureen L, Skemer, Andrew J, Smith, Roger, Steidel, Charles, Steiner, Jonathan, Stelter, Richard D, Walawender, Josh, Westfall, Kyle B, Wizinowich, Peter L, Wright, Shelley A, Wold, Truman, and Zimmer, Jake
Published: 2024

2. Methane Emission From a Cool Brown Dwarf

Author: Faherty, Jacqueline K., Burningham, Ben, Gagné, Jonathan, Suárez, Genaro, Vos, Johanna M., Merchan, Sherelyn Alejandro, Morley, Caroline V., Rowland, Melanie, Lacy, Brianna, Kiman, Rocio, Caselden, Dan, Kirkpatrick, J. Davy, Meisner, Aaron, Schneider, Adam C., Kuchner, Marc Jason, Gagliuffi, Daniella Carolina Bardalez, Beichman, Charles, Eisenhardt, Peter, Gelino, Christopher R., Gharib-Nezhad, Ehsan, Gonzales, Eileen, Marocco, Federico, Rothermich, Austin James, Whiteford, Niall, Faherty, Jacqueline K., Burningham, Ben, Gagné, Jonathan, Suárez, Genaro, Vos, Johanna M., Merchan, Sherelyn Alejandro, Morley, Caroline V., Rowland, Melanie, Lacy, Brianna, Kiman, Rocio, Caselden, Dan, Kirkpatrick, J. Davy, Meisner, Aaron, Schneider, Adam C., Kuchner, Marc Jason, Gagliuffi, Daniella Carolina Bardalez, Beichman, Charles, Eisenhardt, Peter, Gelino, Christopher R., Gharib-Nezhad, Ehsan, Gonzales, Eileen, Marocco, Federico, Rothermich, Austin James, and Whiteford, Niall
Abstract: Beyond our solar system, aurorae have been inferred from radio observations of isolated brown dwarfs (e.g. Hallinan et al. 2006; Kao et al. 2023). Within our solar system, giant planets have auroral emission with signatures across the electromagnetic spectrum including infrared emission of H3+ and methane. Isolated brown dwarfs with auroral signatures in the radio have been searched for corresponding infrared features but have only had null detections (e.g. Gibbs et al. 2022). CWISEP J193518.59-154620.3. (W1935 for short) is an isolated brown dwarf with a temperature of ~482 K. Here we report JWST observations of strong methane emission from W1935 at 3.326 microns. Atmospheric modeling leads us to conclude that a temperature inversion of ~300 K centered at 1-10 millibar replicates the feature. This represents an atmospheric temperature inversion for a Jupiter-like atmosphere without irradiation from a host star. A plausible explanation for the strong inversion is heating by auroral processes, although other internal and/or external dynamical processes cannot be ruled out. The best fit model rules out the contribution of H3+ emission which is prominent in solar system gas giants however this is consistent with rapid destruction of H3+ at the higher pressure where the W1935 emission originates (e.g. Helling et al. 2019)., Comment: Accepted in Nature 9 February 2024
Published: 2024
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3. High-precision atmospheric characterization of a Y dwarf with JWST NIRSpec G395H spectroscopy: isotopologue, C/O ratio, metallicity, and the abundances of six molecular species

Author: Lew, Ben W. P., Roellig, Thomas, Batalha, Natasha E., Line, Michael, Greene, Thomas, Murkherjee, Sagnick, Freedman, Richard, Meyer, Michael, Beichman, Charles, De Oliveira, Catarina Alves, De Furio, Matthew, Johnstone, Doug, Greenbaum, Alexandra Z., Marley, Mark, Fortney, Jonathan J., Young, Erick T., Leisenring, Jarron, Boyer, Martha, Hodapp, Klaus, Misselt, Karl, Stansberry, John, Rieke, Marcia, Lew, Ben W. P., Roellig, Thomas, Batalha, Natasha E., Line, Michael, Greene, Thomas, Murkherjee, Sagnick, Freedman, Richard, Meyer, Michael, Beichman, Charles, De Oliveira, Catarina Alves, De Furio, Matthew, Johnstone, Doug, Greenbaum, Alexandra Z., Marley, Mark, Fortney, Jonathan J., Young, Erick T., Leisenring, Jarron, Boyer, Martha, Hodapp, Klaus, Misselt, Karl, Stansberry, John, and Rieke, Marcia
Abstract: The launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) marks a pivotal moment for precise atmospheric characterization of Y dwarfs, the coldest brown dwarf spectral type. In this study, we leverage moderate spectral resolution observations (R $\sim$ 2700) with the G395H grating of the Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) onboard of JWST to characterize the nearby (9.9 pc) Y dwarf WISEPA J182831.08+265037.8 (WISE 1828). With the NIRSpec G395H 2.88-5.12 $\mathrm{\mu}$m spectrum, we measure the abundances of CO, CO$_2$, CH$_4$, H$_2$S, NH$_3$, and H$_2$O, which are the major carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur bearing species in the atmosphere. Based on the retrieved volume mixing ratios with the atmospheric retrieval framework CHIMERA, we report that the C/O ratio is $0.45 \pm 0.01$, close to the solar C/O value of 0.55, and the metallicity to be +0.30 $\pm$ 0.02 dex. Comparison between the retrieval results with the forward modeling results suggests that the model bias for C/O and metallicity could be as high as 0.03 and 0.97 dex respectively. We also report a lower limit of the $^{12}$CO/$^{13}$CO ratio of $>40 $, being consistent with the nominal solar value of 90. Our results highlight the potential of JWST in measuring the C/O ratios down to percent-level precision and characterizing isotopologues of cold planetary atmospheres similar to WISE 1828., Comment: 18 pages + references, including 11 figures, accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal
Published: 2024

4. High-Precision Atmospheric Constraints for a Cool T Dwarf from JWST Spectroscopy

Author: Hood, Callie E., Mukherjee, Sagnick, Fortney, Jonathan J., Line, Michael R., Faherty, Jacqueline K., Merchan, Sherelyn Alejandro, Burningham, Ben, Suárez, Genaro, Kiman, Rocio, Gagné, Jonathan, Beichman, Charles A., Vos, Johanna M., Gagliuffi, Daniella Bardalez, Meisner, Aaron M., Gonzales, Eileen C., Hood, Callie E., Mukherjee, Sagnick, Fortney, Jonathan J., Line, Michael R., Faherty, Jacqueline K., Merchan, Sherelyn Alejandro, Burningham, Ben, Suárez, Genaro, Kiman, Rocio, Gagné, Jonathan, Beichman, Charles A., Vos, Johanna M., Gagliuffi, Daniella Bardalez, Meisner, Aaron M., and Gonzales, Eileen C.
Abstract: We present observations of the T8 dwarf 2MASS 0415-0935 with JWST's NIRSpec spectrograph using the G395H grating ($\sim$ 2.87 - 5.14 $\mu$m). We perform the first atmospheric retrieval analysis at the maximum spectral resolution of NIRSpec (R$\sim$2700) and combine the spectrum with previous observations to study the 0.9-20 $\mu$m spectral energy distribution. We obtain precise constraints on chemical abundances ($\sim$0.02 dex) for a number of species which complicate our understanding of disequilibrium chemistry, particularly for CO$_{2}$ and PH$_{3}$. Furthermore, we measure a $^{12}$CO/$^{13}$CO ratio of $\sim 97^{+9}_{-8}$, making 2MASS 0415-0935 the coldest ($\sim 760$ K) substellar object outside of our solar system with a measured $^{12}$CO/$^{13}$CO ratio. This work shows promise for similar observations with JWST to provide precise abundances of major chemical species as well as isotopologues, allowing for new tests of our understanding of the formation and atmospheres of substellar objects., Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures. Submitted to Nature Astronomy on Oct. 5th, 2023
Published: 2024

5. The outflow of the protostar in B335: I

Author: Hodapp, Klaus W., Chu, Laurie L., Greene, Thomas, Meyer, Michael R., Johnstone, Doug, Rieke, Marcia J., Stansberry, John, Boyer, Martha, Beichman, Charles, Horner, Scott, Roellig, Tom, Rieke, George, Young, Eric T., Hodapp, Klaus W., Chu, Laurie L., Greene, Thomas, Meyer, Michael R., Johnstone, Doug, Rieke, Marcia J., Stansberry, John, Boyer, Martha, Beichman, Charles, Horner, Scott, Roellig, Tom, Rieke, George, and Young, Eric T.
Abstract: The isolated globule B335 contains a single, low luminosity Class 0 protostar associated with a bipolar nebula and outflow system seen nearly perpendicular to its axis. We observed the innermost regions of this outflow as part of JWST/NIRCam GTO program 1187, primarily intended for wide-field slitless spectroscopy of background stars behind the globule. We find a system of expanding shock fronts with kinematic ages of only a few decades emerging symmetrically from the position of the embedded protostar, which is not directly detected at NIRCam wavelengths. The innermost and youngest of the shock fronts studied here shows strong emission from CO. The next older shock front shows less CO and the third shock front shows only H_2 emission in our data. This third and most distant of these inner shock fronts shows substantial evolution of its shape since it was last observed with high spatial resolution in 1996 with Keck/NIRC. This may be evidence of a faster internal shock catching up with a slower one and of the two shocks merging., Comment: This paper is accepted by The Astronomical Journal
Published: 2024

6. JWST/NIRCam Imaging of Young Stellar Objects. II. Deep Constraints on Giant Planets and a Planet Candidate Outside of the Spiral Disk Around SAO 206462

Author: Cugno, Gabriele, Leisenring, Jarron, Wagner, Kevin R., Mullin, Camryn, Dong, Roubing, Greene, Thomas, Johnstone, Doug, Meyer, Michael R., Wolff, Schuyler G., Beichman, Charles, Boyer, Martha, Horner, Scott, Hodapp, Klaus, Kelly, Doug, McCarthy, Don, Roellig, Thomas, Rieke, George, Rieke, Marcia, Stansberry, John, Young, Erick, Cugno, Gabriele, Leisenring, Jarron, Wagner, Kevin R., Mullin, Camryn, Dong, Roubing, Greene, Thomas, Johnstone, Doug, Meyer, Michael R., Wolff, Schuyler G., Beichman, Charles, Boyer, Martha, Horner, Scott, Hodapp, Klaus, Kelly, Doug, McCarthy, Don, Roellig, Thomas, Rieke, George, Rieke, Marcia, Stansberry, John, and Young, Erick
Abstract: We present JWST/NIRCam F187N, F200W, F405N and F410M direct imaging data of the disk surrounding SAO 206462. Previous images show a very structured disk, with a pair of spiral arms thought to be launched by one or more external perturbers. The spiral features are visible in three of the four filters, with the non-detection in F410M due to the large detector saturation radius. We detect with a signal-to-noise ratio of 4.4 a companion candidate (CC1) that, if on a coplanar circular orbit, would orbit SAO 206462 at a separation of $\sim300$ au, $2.25\sigma$ away from the predicted separation for the driver of the eastern spiral. According to the BEX models, CC1 has a mass of $M_\mathrm{CC1}=0.8\pm0.3~M_\mathrm{J}$. No other companion candidates were detected. At the location predicted by simulations of both spirals generated by a single massive companion, the NIRCam data exclude objects more massive than $\sim2.2~M_\mathrm{J}$ assuming the BEX evolutionary models. In terms of temperatures, the data are sensitive to objects with $T_{\text{eff}}\sim650-850$ K, when assuming planets emit like blackbodies ($R_\mathrm{p}$ between 1 and $3 R_\mathrm{J}$). From these results, we conclude that if the spirals are driven by gas giants, these must be either cold or embedded in circumplanetary material. In addition, the NIRCam data provide tight constraints on ongoing accretion processes. In the low extinction scenario we are sensitive to mass accretion rates of the order $\dot{M}\sim10^{-9} M_\mathrm{J}$ yr$^{-1}$. Thanks to the longer wavelengths used to search for emission lines, we reach unprecedented sensitivities to processes with $\dot{M}\sim10^{-7} M_\mathrm{J}$ yr$^{-1}$ even towards highly extincted environments ($A_\mathrm{V}\approx50$~mag)., Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2024

7. JWST/NIRCam Imaging of Young Stellar Objects. I. Constraints on Planets Exterior to The Spiral Disk Around MWC 758

Author: Wagner, Kevin, Leisenring, Jarron, Cugno, Gabriele, Mullin, Camryn, Dong, Ruobing, Wolff, Schuyler G., Greene, Thomas, Johnstone, Doug, Meyer, Michael R., Beichman, Charles, Boyer, Martha, Horner, Scott, Hodapp, Klaus, Kelly, Doug, McCarthy, Don, Roellig, Tom, Rieke, George, Rieke, Marcia, Sitko, Michael, Stansberry, John, Young, Erick, Wagner, Kevin, Leisenring, Jarron, Cugno, Gabriele, Mullin, Camryn, Dong, Ruobing, Wolff, Schuyler G., Greene, Thomas, Johnstone, Doug, Meyer, Michael R., Beichman, Charles, Boyer, Martha, Horner, Scott, Hodapp, Klaus, Kelly, Doug, McCarthy, Don, Roellig, Tom, Rieke, George, Rieke, Marcia, Sitko, Michael, Stansberry, John, and Young, Erick
Abstract: MWC 758 is a young star hosting a spiral protoplanetary disk. The spirals are likely companion-driven, and two previously-identified candidate companions have been identified -- one at the end the Southern spiral arm at ~0.6 arcsec, and one interior to the gap at ~0.1 arcsec. With JWST/NIRCam, we provide new images of the disk and constraints on planets exterior to ~1". We detect the two-armed spiral disk, a known background star, and a spatially resolved background galaxy, but no clear companions. The candidates that have been reported are at separations that are not probed by our data with sensitivity sufficient to detect them -- nevertheless, these observations place new limits on companions down to ~2 Jupiter-masses at ~150 au and ~0.5 Jupiter masses at ~600 au. Owing to the unprecedented sensitivity of JWST and youth of the target, these are among the deepest mass-detection limits yet obtained through direct imaging observations, and provide new insights into the system's dynamical nature., Comment: Accepted for publication in AJ
Published: 2024

8. Direct Imaging Explorations for Companions around Mid-Late M Stars from the Subaru/IRD Strategic Program

Author: Uyama, Taichi, Beichman, Charles, Kuzuhara, Masayuki, Janson, Markus, Kotani, Takayuki, Mawet, Dimitri, Sato, Bun'ei, Tamura, Motohide, Ishikawa, Hiroyuki Tako, Cale, Bryson, Currie, Thayne, Harakawa, Hiroki, Henning, Thomas, Hirano, Teruyuki, Hodapp, Klaus, Hori, Yasunori, Ishizuka, Masato, Jacobson, Shane, Kasagi, Yui, Kokubo, Eiichiro, Konishi, Mihoko, Kudo, Tomoyuki, Kurokawa, Takashi, Kusakabe, Nobuhiko, Kwon, Jungmi, Machida, Masahiro, Nakagawa, Takao, Narita, Norio, Nishikawa, Jun, Ogihara, Masahiro, Omiya, Masashi, Serizawa, Takuma, Ueda, Akitoshi, Vievard, Sébastien, Wang, Ji, Uyama, Taichi, Beichman, Charles, Kuzuhara, Masayuki, Janson, Markus, Kotani, Takayuki, Mawet, Dimitri, Sato, Bun'ei, Tamura, Motohide, Ishikawa, Hiroyuki Tako, Cale, Bryson, Currie, Thayne, Harakawa, Hiroki, Henning, Thomas, Hirano, Teruyuki, Hodapp, Klaus, Hori, Yasunori, Ishizuka, Masato, Jacobson, Shane, Kasagi, Yui, Kokubo, Eiichiro, Konishi, Mihoko, Kudo, Tomoyuki, Kurokawa, Takashi, Kusakabe, Nobuhiko, Kwon, Jungmi, Machida, Masahiro, Nakagawa, Takao, Narita, Norio, Nishikawa, Jun, Ogihara, Masahiro, Omiya, Masashi, Serizawa, Takuma, Ueda, Akitoshi, Vievard, Sébastien, and Wang, Ji
Abstract: The Subaru telescope is currently performing a strategic program (SSP) using the high-precision near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer IRD to search for exoplanets around nearby mid/late M dwarfs via radial velocity (RV) monitoring. As part of the observing strategy for the exoplanet survey, signatures of massive companions such as RV trends are used to reduce the priority of those stars. However, this RV information remains useful for studying the stellar multiplicity of nearby M dwarfs. To search for companions around such "deprioritized" M dwarfs, we observed 14 IRD-SSP targets using Keck/NIRC2 with pyramid wave-front sensing at NIR wavelengths, leading to high sensitivity to substellar-mass companions within a few arcseconds. We detected two new companions (LSPM J1002+1459 B and LSPM J2204+1505 B) and two new candidates that are likely companions (LSPM J0825+6902 B and LSPM J1645+0444 B), as well as one known companion. Including two known companions resolved by the IRD fiber injection module camera, we detected seven (four new) companions at projected separations between ∼2 and 20 au in total. A comparison of the colors with the spectral library suggests that LSPM J2204+1505 B and LSPM J0825+6902 B are located at the boundary between late M and early L spectral types. Our deep high-contrast imaging for targets where no bright companions were resolved did not reveal any additional companion candidates. The NIRC2 detection limits could constrain potential substellar-mass companions (∼10–75 MJup) at 10 au or further. The failure with Keck/NIRC2 around the IRD-SSP stars having significant RV trends makes these objects promising targets for further RV monitoring or deeper imaging with the James Webb Space Telescope to search for smaller-mass companions below the NIRC2 detection limits.
Published: 2023
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9. Spatially resolved imaging of the inner Fomalhaut disk using JWST/MIRI

Author: Gáspár, András, Wolff, Schuyler Grace, Rieke, George H., Leisenring, Jarron M., Morrison, Jane, Su, Kate Y. L., Ward-Duong, Kimberly, Aguilar, Jonathan, Ygouf, Marie, Beichman, Charles, Llop-Sayson, Jorge, Bryden, Geoffrey, Gáspár, András, Wolff, Schuyler Grace, Rieke, George H., Leisenring, Jarron M., Morrison, Jane, Su, Kate Y. L., Ward-Duong, Kimberly, Aguilar, Jonathan, Ygouf, Marie, Beichman, Charles, Llop-Sayson, Jorge, and Bryden, Geoffrey
Abstract: Planetary debris disks around other stars are analogous to the asteroid and Kuiper belts in the Solar System. Their structure reveals the configuration of small bodies and provides hints for the presence of planets. The nearby star Fomalhaut hosts one of the most prominent debris disks, resolved by the Hubble Space Telescope, Spitzer, Herschel and the Atacama Large Millimeter Array. Images of this system at mid-infrared wavelengths using JWST/MIRI not only show the narrow Kuiper belt-analogue outer ring, but also that (1) what was thought from indirect evidence to be an asteroid-analogue structure is instead broad, extending outward into the outer system, and (2) there is an intermediate belt, probably shepherded by an unseen planet. The newly discovered belt is demarcated by an inner gap, located at ~78 au, and it is misaligned relative to the outer belt. The previously known collisionally generated dust cloud, Fomalhaut b, could have originated from this belt, suggesting increased dynamical stirring and collision rates there. We also discovered a large dust cloud within the outer ring, possible evidence of another dust-creating collision. Taken together with previous observations, Fomalhaut appears to be the site of a complex and possibly dynamically active planetary system.
Published: 2023

10. Spatially resolved imaging of the inner Fomalhaut disk using JWST/MIRI

Author: Gáspár, András, Wolff, Schuyler Grace, Rieke, George H., Leisenring, Jarron M., Morrison, Jane, Su, Kate Y. L., Ward-Duong, Kimberly, Aguilar, Jonathan, Ygouf, Marie, Beichman, Charles, Llop-Sayson, Jorge, Bryden, Geoffrey, Gáspár, András, Wolff, Schuyler Grace, Rieke, George H., Leisenring, Jarron M., Morrison, Jane, Su, Kate Y. L., Ward-Duong, Kimberly, Aguilar, Jonathan, Ygouf, Marie, Beichman, Charles, Llop-Sayson, Jorge, and Bryden, Geoffrey
Abstract: Planetary debris disks around other stars are analogous to the Asteroid and Kuiper belts in the Solar System. Their structure reveals the configuration of small bodies and provides hints for the presence of planets. The nearby star Fomalhaut hosts one of the most prominent debris disks, resolved by HST, Spitzer, Herschel, and ALMA. Images of this system at mid-infrared wavelengths using JWST/MIRI not only show the narrow Kuiper-Belt-analog outer ring, but also that (1) what was thought from indirect evidence to be an asteroid-analog structure is instead broad, extending outward into the outer system; (2) there is an intermediate belt, probably shepherded by an unseen planet. The newly discovered belt is demarcated by an inner gap, located at ~ 78 au, and it is misaligned relative to the outer belt. The previously known collisionally generated dust cloud, Fomalhaut b, could have originated from this belt, suggesting increased dynamical stirring and collision rates there. We also discovered a large dust cloud within the outer ring, possible evidence of another dust-creating collision. Taken together with previous observations, Fomalhaut appears to be the site of a complex and possibly dynamically active planetary system.
Published: 2023

11. 2023 Astrophotonics Roadmap: pathways to realizing multi-functional integrated astrophotonic instruments

Author: Jovanovic, Nemanja (author), Gatkine, Pradip (author), Anugu, Narsireddy (author), Amezcua-Correa, Rodrigo (author), Basu Thakur, Ritoban (author), Beichman, Charles (author), Bender, Chad F. (author), Endo, A. (author), Soliman, S. (author), Jovanovic, Nemanja (author), Gatkine, Pradip (author), Anugu, Narsireddy (author), Amezcua-Correa, Rodrigo (author), Basu Thakur, Ritoban (author), Beichman, Charles (author), Bender, Chad F. (author), Endo, A. (author), and Soliman, S. (author)
Abstract: Photonic technologies offer numerous functionalities that can be used to realize astrophotonic instruments. The most spectacular example to date is the ESO Gravity instrument at the Very Large Telescope in Chile that combines the light-gathering power of four 8 m telescopes through a complex photonic interferometer. Fully integrated astrophotonic devices stand to offer critical advantages for instrument development, including extreme miniaturization when operating at the diffraction-limit, as well as integration, superior thermal and mechanical stabilization owing to the small footprint, and high replicability offering significant cost savings. Numerous astrophotonic technologies have been developed to address shortcomings of conventional instruments to date, including for example the development of photonic lanterns to convert from multimode inputs to single mode outputs, complex aperiodic fiber Bragg gratings to filter OH emission from the atmosphere, complex beam combiners to enable long baseline interferometry with for example, ESO Gravity, and laser frequency combs for high precision spectral calibration of spectrometers. Despite these successes, the facility implementation of photonic solutions in astronomical instrumentation is currently limited because of (1) low throughputs from coupling to fibers, coupling fibers to chips, propagation and bend losses, device losses, etc, (2) difficulties with scaling to large channel count devices needed for large bandwidths and high resolutions, and (3) efficient integration of photonics with detectors, to name a few. In this roadmap, we identify 24 key areas that need further development. We outline the challenges and advances needed across those areas covering design tools, simulation capabilities, fabrication processes, the need for entirely new components, integration and hybridization and the characterization of devices. To realize these advances the astrophotonics community will have to work cooperatively with in, Tera-Hertz Sensing, Micro and Nano Engineering
Published: 2023
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12. The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Author: Gardner, Jonathan P., Mather, John C., Abbott, Randy, Abell, James S., Abernathy, Mark, Abney, Faith E., Abraham, John G., Abraham, Roberto, Abul-Huda, Yasin M., Acton, Scott, Adams, Cynthia K., Adams, Evan, Adler, David S., Adriaensen, Maarten, Aguilar, Jonathan Albert, Ahmed, Mansoor, Ahmed, Nasif S., Ahmed, Tanjira, Albat, Rüdeger, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Mary Marsha, Allen, Shaune S., Altenburg, Martin, Altunc, Serhat, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Álvarez-Márquez, Javier, Oliveira, Catarina Alves de, Ambrose, Leslie L., Anandakrishnan, Satya M., Andersen, Gregory C., Anderson, Harry James, Anderson, Jay, Anderson, Kristen, Anderson, Sara M., Aprea, Julio, Archer, Benita J., Arenberg, Jonathan W., Argyriou, Ioannis, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Étienne, Arvai, Amanda Rose, Atcheson, Paul, Atkinson, Charles B., Averbukh, Jesse, Aymergen, Cagatay, Bacinski, John J., Baggett, Wayne E., Bagnasco, Giorgio, Baker, Lynn L., Balzano, Vicki Ann, Banks, Kimberly A., Baran, David A., Barker, Elizabeth A., Barrett, Larry K., Barringer, Bruce O., Barto, Allison, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Baum, Stefi, Beatty, Thomas G., Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bechtold, Kathryn, Beck, Tracy, Beddard, Megan M., Beichman, Charles, Bellagama, Larry, Bely, Pierre, Berger, Timothy W., Bergeron, Louis E., Bernier, Antoine-Darveau, Bertch, Maria D., Beskow, Charlotte, Betz, Laura E., Biagetti, Carl P., Birkmann, Stephan, Bjorklund, Kurt F., Blackwood, James D., Blazek, Ronald Paul, Blossfeld, Stephen, Bluth, Marcel, Boccaletti, Anthony, Jr, Martin E. Boegner, Bohlin, Ralph C., Boia, John Joseph, Böker, Torsten, Bonaventura, N., Bond, Nicholas A., Bosley, Kari Ann, Boucarut, Rene A., Bouchet, Patrice, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Ariel S., Bowers, Charles W., Boyce, Leslye A., Boyer, Christine T., Boyer, Martha L., Boyer, Michael, Boyer, Robert, Bradley, Larry D., Brady, Gregory R., Brandl, Bernhard R., Brannen, Judith L., Breda, David, Bremmer, Harold G., Brennan, David, Bresnahan, Pamela A., Bright, Stacey N., Broiles, Brian J., Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian H., Brooks, Keira J., Brown, Bob, Brown, Bruce, Brown, Thomas M., Bruce, Barry W., Bryson, Jonathan G., Bujanda, Edwin D., Bullock, Blake M., Bunker, A. J., Bureo, Rafael, Burt, Irving J., Bush, James Aaron, Bushouse, Howard A., Bussman, Marie C., Cabaud, Olivier, Cale, Steven, Calhoon, Charles D., Calvani, Humberto, Canipe, Alicia M., Caputo, Francis M., Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Case, Michael Eli, Cesari, Thaddeus, Cetorelli, Lee D., Chance, Don R., Chandler, Lynn, Chaney, Dave, Chapman, George N., Charlot, S., Chayer, Pierre, Cheezum, Jeffrey I., Chen, Bin, Chen, Christine H., Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah C., Chilton, Zachary S., Chittiraibalan, Dharini, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles R., Clark, Kerry W., Clark, Stephanie M., Claybrooks, Edward E., Cleveland, Keith A., Cohen, Andrew L., Cohen, Lester M., Colón, Knicole D., Coleman, Benee L., Colina, Luis, Comber, Brian J., Comeau, Thomas M., Comer, Thomas, Reis, Alain Conde, Connolly, Dennis C., Conroy, Kyle E., Contos, Adam R., Contreras, James, Cook, Neil J., Cooper, James L., Cooper, Rachel Aviva, Correia, Michael F., Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Costanza, Brian F., Coulais, Alain, Cox, Colin R., Coyle, Ray T., Cracraft, Misty M., Crew, Keith A., Curtis, Gary J., Cusveller, Bianca, Maciel, Cleyciane Da Costa, Dailey, Christopher T., Daugeron, Frédéric, Davidson, Greg S., Davies, James E., Davis, Katherine Anne, Davis, Michael S., Day, Ratna, Chambure, Daniel de, Jong, Pauline de, Marchi, Guido De, Dean, Bruce H., Decker, John E., Delisa, Amy S., Dell, Lawrence C., Dellagatta, Gail, Dembinska, Franciszka, Demosthenes, Sandor, Dencheva, Nadezhda M., Deneu, Philippe, DePriest, William W., Deschenes, Jeremy, Dethienne, Nathalie, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa Izela, Dicken, Daniel, DiFelice, Audrey S., Dillman, Matthew, Disharoon, Maureen O., Dixon, William V., Doggett, Jesse B., Dominguez, Keisha L., Donaldson, Thomas S., Doria-Warner, Cristina M., Santos, Tony Dos, Doty, Heather, Robert E. Douglas, Jr, Doyon, René, Dressler, Alan, Driggers, Jennifer, Driggers, Phillip A., Dunn, Jamie L., DuPrie, Kimberly C., Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Dutta, Sanghamitra B., Earl, Nicholas M., Eccleston, Paul, Ecobichon, Pascal, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan D., Eisenhower, Michael, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Hamel, Zaky El, Elie, Michelle L., Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle Wesley, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Néstor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Evans, Leah, Fabreguettes, Luce, Falcolini, Massimo, Falini, Patrick R., Fatig, Curtis, Feeney, Matthew, Feinberg, Lee D., Fels, Raymond, Ferdous, Nazma, Ferguson, Henry C., Ferrarese, Laura, Ferreira, Marie-Héléne, Ferruit, Pierre, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph Charles, Firre, Daniel, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Flanagan, Kathryn A., Fleming, Scott W., Florian, Michael, Flynn, James R., Foiadelli, Luca, Fontaine, Mark R., Fontanella, Erin Marie, Forshay, Peter Randolph, Fortner, Elizabeth A., Fox, Ori D., Framarini, Alexandro P., Francisco, John I., Franck, Randy, Franx, Marijn, Franz, David E., Friedman, Scott D., Friend, Katheryn E., Frost, James R., Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander W., Gaillard, Lionel, Galkin, Sergey, Gallagher, Ben, Galyer, Anthony D., Marín, Macarena García, Gardner, Lisa E., Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce Albert, Gasman, Danny, Gáspár, András, Gastaud, René, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter Timothy, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul H., Gennaro, Mario, Gerber, John, Gereau, John C., Giampaoli, Robert, Giardino, Giovanna, Gibbons, Paul C., Gilbert, Karoline, Gilman, Larry, Girard, Julien H., Giuliano, Mark E., Gkountis, Konstantinos, Glasse, Alistair, Glassmire, Kirk Zachary, Glauser, Adrian Michael, Glazer, Stuart D., Goldberg, Joshua, Golimowski, David A., Gonzaga, Shireen P., Gordon, Karl D., Gordon, Shawn J., Goudfrooij, Paul, Gough, Michael J., Graham, Adrian J., Grau, Christopher M., Green, Joel David, Greene, Gretchen R., Greene, Thomas P., Greenfield, Perry E., Greenhouse, Matthew A., Greve, Thomas R., Greville, Edgar M., Grimaldi, Stefano, Groe, Frank E., Groebner, Andrew, Grumm, David M., Grundy, Timothy, Güdel, Manuel, Guillard, Pierre, Guldalian, John, Gunn, Christopher A., Gurule, Anthony, Gutman, Irvin Meyer, Guy, Paul D., Guyot, Benjamin, Hack, Warren J., Haderlein, Peter, Hagan, James B., Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest Clifford, Hammann, Jeffrey, Hammel, Heidi B., Hanley, Christopher J., Hansen, Carl August, Hardy, Bruce, Harnisch, Bernd, Harr, Michael Hunter, Harris, Pamela, Hart, Jessica Ann, Hartig, George F., Hasan, Hashima, Hashim, Kathleen Marie, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee J., Hawkins, Robert Edward, Hayden, Brian, Hayden, William L., Healy, Mike, Hecht, Karen, Heeg, Vince J., Hejal, Reem, Helm, Kristopher A., Hengemihle, Nicholas J., Henning, Thomas, Henry, Alaina, Henry, Ronald L., Henshaw, Katherine, Hernandez, Scarlin, Herrington, Donald C., Heske, Astrid, Hesman, Brigette Emily, Hickey, David L., Hilbert, Bryan N., Hines, Dean C., Hinz, Michael R., Hirsch, Michael, Hitcho, Robert S., Hodapp, Klaus, Hodge, Philip E., Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie T., Holler, Bryan Jason, Hoppa, Jennifer Rose, Horner, Scott, Howard, Joseph M., Howard, Richard J., Huber, Jean M., Hunkeler, Joseph S., Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David Gavin, Hurd, Spencer W., Hurst, Brendan J., Hutchings, John B., Hylan, Jason E., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra M., Iii, John C. Isaacs, Jr, Wallace C. Jackson, Jaffe, Daniel T., Jahic, Jasmin, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, Bryan, James, John C., James, LeAndrea Rae, Jamieson, William Brian, Jandra, Raymond D., Jayawardhana, Ray, Jedrzejewski, Robert, Jeffers, Basil S., Jensen, Peter, Joanne, Egges, Johns, Alan T., Johnson, Carl A., Johnson, Eric L., Johnson, Patricia, Johnson, Phillip Stephen, Johnson, Thomas K., Johnson, Timothy W., Johnstone, Doug, Jollet, Delphine, Jones, Danny P., Jones, Gregory S., Jones, Olivia C., Jones, Ronald A., Jones, Vicki, Jordan, Ian J., Jordan, Margaret E., Jue, Reginald, Jurkowski, Mark H., Justis, Grant, Justtanont, Kay, Kaleida, Catherine C., Kalirai, Jason S., Kalmanson, Phillip Cabrales, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Kammerer, Jens, Kan, Samuel K., Kanarek, Graham Childs, Kao, Shaw-Hong, Karakla, Diane M., Karl, Hermann, Kassin, Susan A., Kauffman, David D., Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelley, Leigh L., Kelly, Douglas M., Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert V., Kenny, Deborah A., Keski-Kuha, Ritva A., Keyes, Charles D., Khan, Ali, Kidwell, Richard C., Kimble, Randy A., King, James S., King, Richard C., Kinzel, Wayne M., Kirk, Jeffrey R., Kirkpatrick, Marc E., Klaassen, Pamela, Klingemann, Lana, Klintworth, Paul U., Knapp, Bryan Adam, Knight, Scott, Knollenberg, Perry J., Knutsen, Daniel Mark, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton M., Kofler, Earl T., Kontson, Vicki L., Kovacs, Aiden Rose, Kozhurina-Platais, Vera, Krause, Oliver, Kriss, Gerard A., Krist, John, Kristoffersen, Monica R., Krogel, Claudia, Krueger, Anthony P., Kulp, Bernard A., Kumari, Nimisha, Kwan, Sandy W., Kyprianou, Mark, Labador, Aurora Gadiano, Labiano, Álvaro, Lafrenière, David, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Laidler, Victoria G., Laine, Benoit, Laird, Simon, Lajoie, Charles-Philippe, Lallo, Matthew D., Lam, May Yen, LaMassa, Stephanie Marie, Lambros, Scott D., Lampenfield, Richard Joseph, Lander, Matthew Ed, Langston, James Hutton, Larson, Kirsten, Larson, Melora, LaVerghetta, Robert Joseph, Law, David R., Lawrence, Jon F., Lee, David W., Lee, Janice, Lee, Yat-Ning Paul, Leisenring, Jarron, Leveille, Michael Dunlap, Levenson, Nancy A., Levi, Joshua S., Levine, Marie B., Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Jake, Lewis, Nikole, Libralato, Mattia, Lidon, Norbert, Liebrecht, Paula Louisa, Lightsey, Paul, Lilly, Simon, Lim, Frederick C., Lim, Pey Lian, Ling, Sai-Kwong, Link, Lisa J., Link, Miranda Nicole, Lipinski, Jamie L., Liu, XiaoLi, Lo, Amy S., Lobmeyer, Lynette, Logue, Ryan M., Long, Chris A., Long, Douglas R., Long, Ilana D., Long, Knox S., López-Caniego, Marcos, Lotz, Jennifer M., Love-Pruitt, Jennifer M., Lubskiy, Michael, Luers, Edward B., Luetgens, Robert A., Luevano, Annetta J., Lui, Sarah Marie G. Flores, Iii, James M. Lund, Lundquist, Ray A., Lunine, Jonathan, Lützgendorf, Nora, Lynch, Richard J., MacDonald, Alex J., MacDonald, Kenneth, Macias, Matthew J., Macklis, Keith I., Maghami, Peiman, Maharaja, Rishabh Y., Maiolino, Roberto, Makrygiannis, Konstantinos G., Malla, Sunita Giri, Malumuth, Eliot M., Manjavacas, Elena, Marini, Andrea, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André R, Martin, Didier, Martin, Peter G., Martinez, Kristin L., Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory L., Masetti, Margaret E., Maszkiewicz, Michael, Matthews, Gary, Matuskey, Jacob E., McBrayer, Glen A., McCarthy, Donald W., McCaughrean, Mark J., McClare, Leslie A., McClare, Michael D., McCloskey, John C., McClurg, Taylore D., McCoy, Martin, McElwain, Michael W., McGregor, Roy D., McGuffey, Douglas B., McKay, Andrew G., McKenzie, William K., McLean, Brian, McMaster, Matthew, McNeil, Warren, Meester, Wim De, Mehalick, Kimberly L., Meixner, Margaret, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael P., Menzel, Michael T., Merz, Matthew, Mesterharm, David D., Meyer, Michael R., Meyett, Michele L., Meza, Luis E., Midwinter, Calvin, Milam, Stefanie N., Miller, Jay Todd, Miller, William C., Miskey, Cherie L., Misselt, Karl, Mitchell, Eileen P., Mohan, Martin, Montoya, Emily E., Moran, Michael J., Morishita, Takahiro, Moro-Martín, Amaya, Morrison, Debra L., Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie C., Moschos, Michael, Moseley, S. H., Mosier, Gary E., Mosner, Peter, Mountain, Matt, Muckenthaler, Jason S., Mueller, Donald G., Mueller, Migo, Muhiem, Daniella, Mühlmann, Prisca, Mullally, Susan Elizabeth, Mullen, Stephanie M., Munger, Alan J, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine T., Muzerolle, James C., Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Andrew, Myers, Carey R., Myers, Fred Richard R., Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Adrian F. Nagle, IV, Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Neff, Susan G., Nelan, Edmund P., Nella, John, Nguyen, Duy Tuong, Nguyen, Michael N., Nickson, Bryony, Nidhiry, John Joseph, Niedner, Malcolm B., Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Nishisaka, Mary Ann, Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, Nota, Antonella, O’Mara, Robyn C., Oboryshko, Michael, O’Brien, Marcus B., Ochs, William R., Offenberg, Joel D., Ogle, Patrick Michael, Ohl, Raymond G., Olmsted, Joseph Hamden, Osborne, Shannon Barbara, O’Shaughnessy, Brian Patrick, Östlin, Göran, O’Sullivan, Brian, Otor, O. Justin, Ottens, Richard, Ouellette, Nathalie N.-Q., Outlaw, Daria J., Owens, Beverly A., Pacifici, Camilla, Page, James Christophe, Paranilam, James G., Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith A., Paschal, Laura, Patapis, Polychronis, Patel, Jignasha, Patrick, Keith, Jr, Robert A. Pattishall, Paul, Douglas William, Paul, Shirley J., Pauly, Tyler Andrew, Pavlovsky, Cheryl M., Peña-Guerrero, Maria, Pedder, Andrew H., Peek, Matthew Weldon, Pelham, Patricia A., Penanen, Konstantin, Perriello, Beth A., Perrin, Marshall D., Perrine, Richard F., Perrygo, Chuck, Peslier, Muriel, Petach, Michael, Peterson, Karla A., Pfarr, Tom, Pierson, James M., Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pilchen, Guy, Pipher, Judy L., Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph T., Player, Danielle M., Plesha, Rachel, Plitzke, Anja, Pohner, John A., Poletis, Karyn Konstantin, Pollizzi, Joseph A., Polster, Ethan, Pontius, James T., Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porges, Susana C., Potter, Gregg D., Prescott, Stephen, Proffitt, Charles R., Pueyo, Laurent, Neira, Irma Aracely Quispe, Radich, Armando, Rager, Reiko T., Rameau, Julien, Ramey, Deborah D., Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Rampini, Riccardo, Rapp, Robert, Rashford, Robert A., Rauscher, Bernard J., Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Rawlings, Tynika N., Ray, Tom, Regan, Michael W., Rehm, Brian, Rehm, Kenneth D., Reid, Neill, Reis, Carl A., Renk, Florian, Reoch, Tom B., Ressler, Michael, Rest, Armin W., Reynolds, Paul J., Richon, Joel G., Richon, Karen V., Ridgaway, Michael, Riedel, Adric Richard, Rieke, George H., Rieke, Marcia J., Rifelli, Richard E., Rigby, Jane R., Riggs, Catherine S., Ringel, Nancy J., Ritchie, Christine E., Rix, Hans-Walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Gregory L., Robinson, Michael S., Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank W., Rodriguez, David R., Pino, Bruno Rodríguez del, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott O., Roman, Anthony J., Romelfanger, Frederick J., Jr, Felipe P. Romo, Rosales, Jose J., Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony F., Roth, Marc N., Rothwell, Braden Quinn, Rouzaud, Sylvain, Rowe, Jason, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Rumpl, William, Russ, Melissa L., Ryan, Michael B., Ryan, Richard M., Saad, Karl, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatino, Rick, Sabbi, Elena, Sabelhaus, Phillip A., Sabia, Stephen, Sahu, Kailash C., Saif, Babak N., Salvignol, Jean-Christophe, Samara-Ratna, Piyal, Samuelson, Bridget S., Sanders, Felicia A., Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B. A., Sauer, Arne, Savadkin, Bruce J., Sawicki, Marcin, Schappell, Tina M., Scheffer, Caroline, Scheithauer, Silvia, Scherer, Ron, Schiff, Conrad, Schlawin, Everett, Schmeitzky, Olivier, Schmitz, Tyler S., Schmude, Donald J., Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schroeven-Deceuninck, Hilde, Schultz, John J., Schwab, Ryan, Schwartz, Curtis H., Scoccimarro, Dario, Scott, John F., Scott, Michelle B., Seaton, Bonita L., Seely, Bruce S., Seery, Bernard, Seidleck, Mark, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare Elizabeth, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard A., Shay, Christopher Michael, Sheehan, Even, Sheth, Kartik, Shih, Hsin-Yi, Shivaei, Irene, Siegel, Noah, Sienkiewicz, Matthew G., Simmons, Debra D., Simon, Bernard P., Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Slade, Jeffrey E., Sloan, G. C., Slocum, Christine E., Slowinski, Steven E., Smith, Corbett T., Smith, Eric P., Smith, Erin C., Smith, Koby, Smith, Robert, Smith, Stephanie J., Smolik, John L., Soderblom, David R., Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Sokol, Jeff, Sonneborn, George, Sontag, Christopher D., Sooy, Peter R., Soummer, Remi, Southwood, Dana M., Spain, Kay, Sparmo, Joseph, Speer, David T., Spencer, Richard, Sprofera, Joseph D., Stallcup, Scott S., Stanley, Marcia K., Stansberry, John A., Stark, Christopher C., Starr, Carl W., Stassi, Diane Y., Steck, Jane A., Steeley, Christine D., Stephens, Matthew A., Stephenson, Ralph J., Stewart, Alphonso C., Stiavelli, Massimo, Jr, Hervey Stockman, Strada, Paolo, Straughn, Amber N., Streetman, Scott, Strickland, David Kendal, Strobele, Jingping F., Stuhlinger, Martin, Stys, Jeffrey Edward, Such, Miguel, Sukhatme, Kalyani, Sullivan, Joseph F., Sullivan, Pamela C., Sumner, Sandra M., Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Benjamin Dale, Swade, Daryl Allen, Swam, Michael S., Swenton, Diane F., Swoish, Robby A., Litten, Oi In Tam, Tamas, Laszlo, Tao, Andrew, Taylor, David K., Taylor, Joanna M., Plate, Maurice te, Tea, Mason Van, Teague, Kelly K., Telfer, Randal C., Temim, Tea, Texter, Scott C., Thatte, Deepashri G., Thompson, Christopher Lee, Thompson, Linda M., Thomson, Shaun R., Thronson, Harley, Tierney, C. M., Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tinnin, Lee, Tippet, William Thomas, Todd, Connor William, Tran, Hien D., Trauger, John, Trejo, Edwin Gregorio, Truong, Justin Hoang Vinh, Tsukamoto, Christine L., Tufail, Yasir, Tumlinson, Jason, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael A., Vaclavik, Steven, Valenduc, Frida, Valenti, Jeff A., Campen, Julie Van, Wetering, Inge van de, Marel, Roeland P. Van Der, Haarlem, Remy van, Vandenbussche, Bart, Dishoeck, Ewine F. van, Vanterpool, Dona D., Vernoy, Michael R., Costas, Maria Begoña Vila, Volk, Kevin, Voorzaat, Piet, Voyton, Mark F., Vydra, Ekaterina, Waddy, Darryl J., Waelkens, Christoffel, Wahlgren, Glenn Michael, Jr, Frederick E. Walker, Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine K., Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Francis C., Wasiak, Matthew F., Wehner, James, Weiler, Kevin R., Weilert, Mark, Weiss, Stanley B., Wells, Martyn, Welty, Alan D., Wheate, Lauren, Wheeler, Thomas P., White, Christy L., Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer Margaret, Whitman, William Russell, Williams, Christina C., Willmer, Christopher N. A., Willott, Chris J., Willoughby, Scott P., Wilson, Andrew, Wilson, Debra, Wilson, Donna V., Windhorst, Rogier, Wislowski, Emily Christine, Wolfe, David J., Wolfe, Michael A., Wolff, Schuyler, Wondel, Amancio, Woo, Cindy, Woods, Robert T., Worden, Elaine, Workman, William, Wright, Gillian S., Wu, Carl, Wu, Chi-Rai, Wun, Dakin D., Wymer, Kristen B., Yadetie, Thomas, Yan, Isabelle C., Yang, Keith C., Yates, Kayla L., Yeager, Christopher R., Yerger, Ethan John, Young, Erick T., Young, Gary, Yu, Gene, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean S., Zeidler, Peter, Zepp, Robert, Zhou, Julia, Zincke, Christian A., Zonak, Stephanie, Zondag, Elisabeth, Gardner, Jonathan P., Mather, John C., Abbott, Randy, Abell, James S., Abernathy, Mark, Abney, Faith E., Abraham, John G., Abraham, Roberto, Abul-Huda, Yasin M., Acton, Scott, Adams, Cynthia K., Adams, Evan, Adler, David S., Adriaensen, Maarten, Aguilar, Jonathan Albert, Ahmed, Mansoor, Ahmed, Nasif S., Ahmed, Tanjira, Albat, Rüdeger, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Mary Marsha, Allen, Shaune S., Altenburg, Martin, Altunc, Serhat, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Álvarez-Márquez, Javier, Oliveira, Catarina Alves de, Ambrose, Leslie L., Anandakrishnan, Satya M., Andersen, Gregory C., Anderson, Harry James, Anderson, Jay, Anderson, Kristen, Anderson, Sara M., Aprea, Julio, Archer, Benita J., Arenberg, Jonathan W., Argyriou, Ioannis, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Étienne, Arvai, Amanda Rose, Atcheson, Paul, Atkinson, Charles B., Averbukh, Jesse, Aymergen, Cagatay, Bacinski, John J., Baggett, Wayne E., Bagnasco, Giorgio, Baker, Lynn L., Balzano, Vicki Ann, Banks, Kimberly A., Baran, David A., Barker, Elizabeth A., Barrett, Larry K., Barringer, Bruce O., Barto, Allison, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Baum, Stefi, Beatty, Thomas G., Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bechtold, Kathryn, Beck, Tracy, Beddard, Megan M., Beichman, Charles, Bellagama, Larry, Bely, Pierre, Berger, Timothy W., Bergeron, Louis E., Bernier, Antoine-Darveau, Bertch, Maria D., Beskow, Charlotte, Betz, Laura E., Biagetti, Carl P., Birkmann, Stephan, Bjorklund, Kurt F., Blackwood, James D., Blazek, Ronald Paul, Blossfeld, Stephen, Bluth, Marcel, Boccaletti, Anthony, Jr, Martin E. Boegner, Bohlin, Ralph C., Boia, John Joseph, Böker, Torsten, Bonaventura, N., Bond, Nicholas A., Bosley, Kari Ann, Boucarut, Rene A., Bouchet, Patrice, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Ariel S., Bowers, Charles W., Boyce, Leslye A., Boyer, Christine T., Boyer, Martha L., Boyer, Michael, Boyer, Robert, Bradley, Larry D., Brady, Gregory R., Brandl, Bernhard R., Brannen, Judith L., Breda, David, Bremmer, Harold G., Brennan, David, Bresnahan, Pamela A., Bright, Stacey N., Broiles, Brian J., Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian H., Brooks, Keira J., Brown, Bob, Brown, Bruce, Brown, Thomas M., Bruce, Barry W., Bryson, Jonathan G., Bujanda, Edwin D., Bullock, Blake M., Bunker, A. J., Bureo, Rafael, Burt, Irving J., Bush, James Aaron, Bushouse, Howard A., Bussman, Marie C., Cabaud, Olivier, Cale, Steven, Calhoon, Charles D., Calvani, Humberto, Canipe, Alicia M., Caputo, Francis M., Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Case, Michael Eli, Cesari, Thaddeus, Cetorelli, Lee D., Chance, Don R., Chandler, Lynn, Chaney, Dave, Chapman, George N., Charlot, S., Chayer, Pierre, Cheezum, Jeffrey I., Chen, Bin, Chen, Christine H., Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah C., Chilton, Zachary S., Chittiraibalan, Dharini, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles R., Clark, Kerry W., Clark, Stephanie M., Claybrooks, Edward E., Cleveland, Keith A., Cohen, Andrew L., Cohen, Lester M., Colón, Knicole D., Coleman, Benee L., Colina, Luis, Comber, Brian J., Comeau, Thomas M., Comer, Thomas, Reis, Alain Conde, Connolly, Dennis C., Conroy, Kyle E., Contos, Adam R., Contreras, James, Cook, Neil J., Cooper, James L., Cooper, Rachel Aviva, Correia, Michael F., Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Costanza, Brian F., Coulais, Alain, Cox, Colin R., Coyle, Ray T., Cracraft, Misty M., Crew, Keith A., Curtis, Gary J., Cusveller, Bianca, Maciel, Cleyciane Da Costa, Dailey, Christopher T., Daugeron, Frédéric, Davidson, Greg S., Davies, James E., Davis, Katherine Anne, Davis, Michael S., Day, Ratna, Chambure, Daniel de, Jong, Pauline de, Marchi, Guido De, Dean, Bruce H., Decker, John E., Delisa, Amy S., Dell, Lawrence C., Dellagatta, Gail, Dembinska, Franciszka, Demosthenes, Sandor, Dencheva, Nadezhda M., Deneu, Philippe, DePriest, William W., Deschenes, Jeremy, Dethienne, Nathalie, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa Izela, Dicken, Daniel, DiFelice, Audrey S., Dillman, Matthew, Disharoon, Maureen O., Dixon, William V., Doggett, Jesse B., Dominguez, Keisha L., Donaldson, Thomas S., Doria-Warner, Cristina M., Santos, Tony Dos, Doty, Heather, Robert E. Douglas, Jr, Doyon, René, Dressler, Alan, Driggers, Jennifer, Driggers, Phillip A., Dunn, Jamie L., DuPrie, Kimberly C., Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Dutta, Sanghamitra B., Earl, Nicholas M., Eccleston, Paul, Ecobichon, Pascal, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan D., Eisenhower, Michael, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Hamel, Zaky El, Elie, Michelle L., Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle Wesley, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Néstor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Evans, Leah, Fabreguettes, Luce, Falcolini, Massimo, Falini, Patrick R., Fatig, Curtis, Feeney, Matthew, Feinberg, Lee D., Fels, Raymond, Ferdous, Nazma, Ferguson, Henry C., Ferrarese, Laura, Ferreira, Marie-Héléne, Ferruit, Pierre, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph Charles, Firre, Daniel, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Flanagan, Kathryn A., Fleming, Scott W., Florian, Michael, Flynn, James R., Foiadelli, Luca, Fontaine, Mark R., Fontanella, Erin Marie, Forshay, Peter Randolph, Fortner, Elizabeth A., Fox, Ori D., Framarini, Alexandro P., Francisco, John I., Franck, Randy, Franx, Marijn, Franz, David E., Friedman, Scott D., Friend, Katheryn E., Frost, James R., Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander W., Gaillard, Lionel, Galkin, Sergey, Gallagher, Ben, Galyer, Anthony D., Marín, Macarena García, Gardner, Lisa E., Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce Albert, Gasman, Danny, Gáspár, András, Gastaud, René, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter Timothy, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul H., Gennaro, Mario, Gerber, John, Gereau, John C., Giampaoli, Robert, Giardino, Giovanna, Gibbons, Paul C., Gilbert, Karoline, Gilman, Larry, Girard, Julien H., Giuliano, Mark E., Gkountis, Konstantinos, Glasse, Alistair, Glassmire, Kirk Zachary, Glauser, Adrian Michael, Glazer, Stuart D., Goldberg, Joshua, Golimowski, David A., Gonzaga, Shireen P., Gordon, Karl D., Gordon, Shawn J., Goudfrooij, Paul, Gough, Michael J., Graham, Adrian J., Grau, Christopher M., Green, Joel David, Greene, Gretchen R., Greene, Thomas P., Greenfield, Perry E., Greenhouse, Matthew A., Greve, Thomas R., Greville, Edgar M., Grimaldi, Stefano, Groe, Frank E., Groebner, Andrew, Grumm, David M., Grundy, Timothy, Güdel, Manuel, Guillard, Pierre, Guldalian, John, Gunn, Christopher A., Gurule, Anthony, Gutman, Irvin Meyer, Guy, Paul D., Guyot, Benjamin, Hack, Warren J., Haderlein, Peter, Hagan, James B., Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest Clifford, Hammann, Jeffrey, Hammel, Heidi B., Hanley, Christopher J., Hansen, Carl August, Hardy, Bruce, Harnisch, Bernd, Harr, Michael Hunter, Harris, Pamela, Hart, Jessica Ann, Hartig, George F., Hasan, Hashima, Hashim, Kathleen Marie, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee J., Hawkins, Robert Edward, Hayden, Brian, Hayden, William L., Healy, Mike, Hecht, Karen, Heeg, Vince J., Hejal, Reem, Helm, Kristopher A., Hengemihle, Nicholas J., Henning, Thomas, Henry, Alaina, Henry, Ronald L., Henshaw, Katherine, Hernandez, Scarlin, Herrington, Donald C., Heske, Astrid, Hesman, Brigette Emily, Hickey, David L., Hilbert, Bryan N., Hines, Dean C., Hinz, Michael R., Hirsch, Michael, Hitcho, Robert S., Hodapp, Klaus, Hodge, Philip E., Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie T., Holler, Bryan Jason, Hoppa, Jennifer Rose, Horner, Scott, Howard, Joseph M., Howard, Richard J., Huber, Jean M., Hunkeler, Joseph S., Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David Gavin, Hurd, Spencer W., Hurst, Brendan J., Hutchings, John B., Hylan, Jason E., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra M., Iii, John C. Isaacs, Jr, Wallace C. Jackson, Jaffe, Daniel T., Jahic, Jasmin, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, Bryan, James, John C., James, LeAndrea Rae, Jamieson, William Brian, Jandra, Raymond D., Jayawardhana, Ray, Jedrzejewski, Robert, Jeffers, Basil S., Jensen, Peter, Joanne, Egges, Johns, Alan T., Johnson, Carl A., Johnson, Eric L., Johnson, Patricia, Johnson, Phillip Stephen, Johnson, Thomas K., Johnson, Timothy W., Johnstone, Doug, Jollet, Delphine, Jones, Danny P., Jones, Gregory S., Jones, Olivia C., Jones, Ronald A., Jones, Vicki, Jordan, Ian J., Jordan, Margaret E., Jue, Reginald, Jurkowski, Mark H., Justis, Grant, Justtanont, Kay, Kaleida, Catherine C., Kalirai, Jason S., Kalmanson, Phillip Cabrales, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Kammerer, Jens, Kan, Samuel K., Kanarek, Graham Childs, Kao, Shaw-Hong, Karakla, Diane M., Karl, Hermann, Kassin, Susan A., Kauffman, David D., Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelley, Leigh L., Kelly, Douglas M., Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert V., Kenny, Deborah A., Keski-Kuha, Ritva A., Keyes, Charles D., Khan, Ali, Kidwell, Richard C., Kimble, Randy A., King, James S., King, Richard C., Kinzel, Wayne M., Kirk, Jeffrey R., Kirkpatrick, Marc E., Klaassen, Pamela, Klingemann, Lana, Klintworth, Paul U., Knapp, Bryan Adam, Knight, Scott, Knollenberg, Perry J., Knutsen, Daniel Mark, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton M., Kofler, Earl T., Kontson, Vicki L., Kovacs, Aiden Rose, Kozhurina-Platais, Vera, Krause, Oliver, Kriss, Gerard A., Krist, John, Kristoffersen, Monica R., Krogel, Claudia, Krueger, Anthony P., Kulp, Bernard A., Kumari, Nimisha, Kwan, Sandy W., Kyprianou, Mark, Labador, Aurora Gadiano, Labiano, Álvaro, Lafrenière, David, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Laidler, Victoria G., Laine, Benoit, Laird, Simon, Lajoie, Charles-Philippe, Lallo, Matthew D., Lam, May Yen, LaMassa, Stephanie Marie, Lambros, Scott D., Lampenfield, Richard Joseph, Lander, Matthew Ed, Langston, James Hutton, Larson, Kirsten, Larson, Melora, LaVerghetta, Robert Joseph, Law, David R., Lawrence, Jon F., Lee, David W., Lee, Janice, Lee, Yat-Ning Paul, Leisenring, Jarron, Leveille, Michael Dunlap, Levenson, Nancy A., Levi, Joshua S., Levine, Marie B., Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Jake, Lewis, Nikole, Libralato, Mattia, Lidon, Norbert, Liebrecht, Paula Louisa, Lightsey, Paul, Lilly, Simon, Lim, Frederick C., Lim, Pey Lian, Ling, Sai-Kwong, Link, Lisa J., Link, Miranda Nicole, Lipinski, Jamie L., Liu, XiaoLi, Lo, Amy S., Lobmeyer, Lynette, Logue, Ryan M., Long, Chris A., Long, Douglas R., Long, Ilana D., Long, Knox S., López-Caniego, Marcos, Lotz, Jennifer M., Love-Pruitt, Jennifer M., Lubskiy, Michael, Luers, Edward B., Luetgens, Robert A., Luevano, Annetta J., Lui, Sarah Marie G. Flores, Iii, James M. 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H., Mosier, Gary E., Mosner, Peter, Mountain, Matt, Muckenthaler, Jason S., Mueller, Donald G., Mueller, Migo, Muhiem, Daniella, Mühlmann, Prisca, Mullally, Susan Elizabeth, Mullen, Stephanie M., Munger, Alan J, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine T., Muzerolle, James C., Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Andrew, Myers, Carey R., Myers, Fred Richard R., Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Adrian F. Nagle, IV, Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Neff, Susan G., Nelan, Edmund P., Nella, John, Nguyen, Duy Tuong, Nguyen, Michael N., Nickson, Bryony, Nidhiry, John Joseph, Niedner, Malcolm B., Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Nishisaka, Mary Ann, Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, Nota, Antonella, O’Mara, Robyn C., Oboryshko, Michael, O’Brien, Marcus B., Ochs, William R., Offenberg, Joel D., Ogle, Patrick Michael, Ohl, Raymond G., Olmsted, Joseph Hamden, Osborne, Shannon Barbara, O’Shaughnessy, Brian Patrick, Östlin, Göran, O’Sullivan, Brian, Otor, O. Justin, Ottens, Richard, Ouellette, Nathalie N.-Q., Outlaw, Daria J., Owens, Beverly A., Pacifici, Camilla, Page, James Christophe, Paranilam, James G., Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith A., Paschal, Laura, Patapis, Polychronis, Patel, Jignasha, Patrick, Keith, Jr, Robert A. Pattishall, Paul, Douglas William, Paul, Shirley J., Pauly, Tyler Andrew, Pavlovsky, Cheryl M., Peña-Guerrero, Maria, Pedder, Andrew H., Peek, Matthew Weldon, Pelham, Patricia A., Penanen, Konstantin, Perriello, Beth A., Perrin, Marshall D., Perrine, Richard F., Perrygo, Chuck, Peslier, Muriel, Petach, Michael, Peterson, Karla A., Pfarr, Tom, Pierson, James M., Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pilchen, Guy, Pipher, Judy L., Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph T., Player, Danielle M., Plesha, Rachel, Plitzke, Anja, Pohner, John A., Poletis, Karyn Konstantin, Pollizzi, Joseph A., Polster, Ethan, Pontius, James T., Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porges, Susana C., Potter, Gregg D., Prescott, Stephen, Proffitt, Charles R., Pueyo, Laurent, Neira, Irma Aracely Quispe, Radich, Armando, Rager, Reiko T., Rameau, Julien, Ramey, Deborah D., Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Rampini, Riccardo, Rapp, Robert, Rashford, Robert A., Rauscher, Bernard J., Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Rawlings, Tynika N., Ray, Tom, Regan, Michael W., Rehm, Brian, Rehm, Kenneth D., Reid, Neill, Reis, Carl A., Renk, Florian, Reoch, Tom B., Ressler, Michael, Rest, Armin W., Reynolds, Paul J., Richon, Joel G., Richon, Karen V., Ridgaway, Michael, Riedel, Adric Richard, Rieke, George H., Rieke, Marcia J., Rifelli, Richard E., Rigby, Jane R., Riggs, Catherine S., Ringel, Nancy J., Ritchie, Christine E., Rix, Hans-Walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Gregory L., Robinson, Michael S., Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank W., Rodriguez, David R., Pino, Bruno Rodríguez del, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott O., Roman, Anthony J., Romelfanger, Frederick J., Jr, Felipe P. Romo, Rosales, Jose J., Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony F., Roth, Marc N., Rothwell, Braden Quinn, Rouzaud, Sylvain, Rowe, Jason, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Rumpl, William, Russ, Melissa L., Ryan, Michael B., Ryan, Richard M., Saad, Karl, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatino, Rick, Sabbi, Elena, Sabelhaus, Phillip A., Sabia, Stephen, Sahu, Kailash C., Saif, Babak N., Salvignol, Jean-Christophe, Samara-Ratna, Piyal, Samuelson, Bridget S., Sanders, Felicia A., Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B. A., Sauer, Arne, Savadkin, Bruce J., Sawicki, Marcin, Schappell, Tina M., Scheffer, Caroline, Scheithauer, Silvia, Scherer, Ron, Schiff, Conrad, Schlawin, Everett, Schmeitzky, Olivier, Schmitz, Tyler S., Schmude, Donald J., Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schroeven-Deceuninck, Hilde, Schultz, John J., Schwab, Ryan, Schwartz, Curtis H., Scoccimarro, Dario, Scott, John F., Scott, Michelle B., Seaton, Bonita L., Seely, Bruce S., Seery, Bernard, Seidleck, Mark, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare Elizabeth, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard A., Shay, Christopher Michael, Sheehan, Even, Sheth, Kartik, Shih, Hsin-Yi, Shivaei, Irene, Siegel, Noah, Sienkiewicz, Matthew G., Simmons, Debra D., Simon, Bernard P., Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Slade, Jeffrey E., Sloan, G. 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A., Willott, Chris J., Willoughby, Scott P., Wilson, Andrew, Wilson, Debra, Wilson, Donna V., Windhorst, Rogier, Wislowski, Emily Christine, Wolfe, David J., Wolfe, Michael A., Wolff, Schuyler, Wondel, Amancio, Woo, Cindy, Woods, Robert T., Worden, Elaine, Workman, William, Wright, Gillian S., Wu, Carl, Wu, Chi-Rai, Wun, Dakin D., Wymer, Kristen B., Yadetie, Thomas, Yan, Isabelle C., Yang, Keith C., Yates, Kayla L., Yeager, Christopher R., Yerger, Ethan John, Young, Erick T., Young, Gary, Yu, Gene, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean S., Zeidler, Peter, Zepp, Robert, Zhou, Julia, Zincke, Christian A., Zonak, Stephanie, and Zondag, Elisabeth
Abstract: Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least 4 m. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the 6.5 m James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 yr, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.
Published: 2023

13. JWST-TST High Contrast: Achieving direct spectroscopy of faint substellar companions next to bright stars with the NIRSpec IFU

Author: Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Perrin, Marshall D., Hoch, Kielan K. W., Kammerer, Jens, Konopacky, Quinn M., Pueyo, Laurent, Rickman, Emily, Theissen, Christopher A., Agrawal, Shubh, Greenbaum, Alexandra Z., Miles, Brittany E., Barman, Travis S., Balmer, William O., Llop-Sayson, Jorge, Girard, Julien H., Rebollido, Isabel, Soummer, Rémi, Allen, Natalie H., Anderson, Jay, Beichman, Charles A., Bellini, Andrea, Bryden, Geoffrey, Espinoza, Néstor, Glidden, Ana, Huang, Jingcheng, Lewis, Nikole K., Libralato, Mattia, Louie, Dana R., Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Seager, Sara, van der Marel, Roeland P., Wakeford, Hannah R., Watkins, Laura L., Ygouf, Marie, Mountai, C. Matt, Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Perrin, Marshall D., Hoch, Kielan K. W., Kammerer, Jens, Konopacky, Quinn M., Pueyo, Laurent, Rickman, Emily, Theissen, Christopher A., Agrawal, Shubh, Greenbaum, Alexandra Z., Miles, Brittany E., Barman, Travis S., Balmer, William O., Llop-Sayson, Jorge, Girard, Julien H., Rebollido, Isabel, Soummer, Rémi, Allen, Natalie H., Anderson, Jay, Beichman, Charles A., Bellini, Andrea, Bryden, Geoffrey, Espinoza, Néstor, Glidden, Ana, Huang, Jingcheng, Lewis, Nikole K., Libralato, Mattia, Louie, Dana R., Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Seager, Sara, van der Marel, Roeland P., Wakeford, Hannah R., Watkins, Laura L., Ygouf, Marie, and Mountai, C. Matt
Abstract: The JWST NIRSpec integral field unit (IFU) presents a unique opportunity to observe directly imaged exoplanets from 3-5um at moderate spectral resolution (R~2,700) and thereby better constrain the composition, disequilibrium chemistry, and cloud properties of their atmospheres. In this work, we present the first NIRSpec IFU high-contrast observations of a substellar companion that requires starlight suppression techniques. We develop specific data reduction strategies to study faint companions around bright stars, and assess the performance of NIRSpec at high contrast. First, we demonstrate an approach to forward model the companion signal and the starlight directly in the detector images, which mitigates the effects of NIRSpec's spatial undersampling. We demonstrate a sensitivity to planets that are 2e-6 fainter than their stars at 1'', or 2e-5 at 0.3''. Then, we implement a reference star point spread function (PSF) subtraction and a spectral extraction that does not require spatially and spectrally regularly sampled spectral cubes. This allows us to extract a moderate resolution (R~2,700) spectrum of the faint T-dwarf companion HD~19467~B from 2.9-5.2um with signal-to-noise ratio (S/N)~10 per resolution element. Across this wavelength range, HD~19467~B has a flux ratio varying between 1e-5-1e-4 and a separation relative to its star of 1.6''. A companion paper by Hoch et al. more deeply analyzes the atmospheric properties of this companion based on the extracted spectrum. Using the methods developed here, NIRSpec's sensitivity may enable direct detection and spectral characterization of relatively old (~1Gyr), cool (~250K), and closely separated (~3-5au) exoplanets that are less massive than Jupiter., Comment: Submitted to AJ
Published: 2023

14. The development of HISPEC for Keck and MODHIS for TMT: science cases and predicted sensitivities

Author: Konopacky, Quinn M., Baker, Ashley D., Mawet, Dimitri, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Jovanovic, Nemanja, Beichman, Charles, Ruane, Garreth, Bertz, Rob, Terada, Hiroshi, Dekany, Richard, Lingvay, Larry, Kassis, Marc, Anderson, David, Tamura, Motohide, Benneke, Bjorn, Beatty, Thomas, Do, Tuan, Nishiyama, Shogo, Plavchan, Peter, Wang, Jason, Wang, Ji, Burgasser, Adam, Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Zhang, Huihao, Brown, Aaron, Fucik, Jason, Gibbs, Aidan, Gibson, Rose, Halverson, Sam, Johnson, Christopher, Karkar, Sonia, Kotani, Takayuki, Kress, Evan, Leifer, Stephanie, Magnone, Kenneth, Maire, Jerome, Pahuja, Rishi, Porter, Michael, Roberts, Mitsuko, Sappey, Ben, Thorne, Jim, Wang, Eric, Artigau, Etienne, Blake, Geoffrey A., Canalizo, Gabriela, Chen, Guo, Doppmann, Greg, Doyon, Rene, Dressing, Courtney, Fang, Min, Greene, Thomas, Herczeg, Greg, Hillenbrand, Lynne, Howard, Andrew, Kane, Stephen, Kataria, Tiffany, Kempton, Eliza, Knutson, Heather, Lafreniere, David, Liu, Chao, Metchev, Stanimir, Millar-Blanchaer, Max, Narita, Norio, Pandey, Gajendra, Rajaguru, S. P., Robertson, Paul, Salyk, Colette, Sato, Bunei, Schlawin, Evertt, Sengupta, Sujan, Sivarani, Thirupathi, Skidmore, Warren, Vasisht, Gautam, Yasui, Chikako, Zhang, Hui, Konopacky, Quinn M., Baker, Ashley D., Mawet, Dimitri, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Jovanovic, Nemanja, Beichman, Charles, Ruane, Garreth, Bertz, Rob, Terada, Hiroshi, Dekany, Richard, Lingvay, Larry, Kassis, Marc, Anderson, David, Tamura, Motohide, Benneke, Bjorn, Beatty, Thomas, Do, Tuan, Nishiyama, Shogo, Plavchan, Peter, Wang, Jason, Wang, Ji, Burgasser, Adam, Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Zhang, Huihao, Brown, Aaron, Fucik, Jason, Gibbs, Aidan, Gibson, Rose, Halverson, Sam, Johnson, Christopher, Karkar, Sonia, Kotani, Takayuki, Kress, Evan, Leifer, Stephanie, Magnone, Kenneth, Maire, Jerome, Pahuja, Rishi, Porter, Michael, Roberts, Mitsuko, Sappey, Ben, Thorne, Jim, Wang, Eric, Artigau, Etienne, Blake, Geoffrey A., Canalizo, Gabriela, Chen, Guo, Doppmann, Greg, Doyon, Rene, Dressing, Courtney, Fang, Min, Greene, Thomas, Herczeg, Greg, Hillenbrand, Lynne, Howard, Andrew, Kane, Stephen, Kataria, Tiffany, Kempton, Eliza, Knutson, Heather, Lafreniere, David, Liu, Chao, Metchev, Stanimir, Millar-Blanchaer, Max, Narita, Norio, Pandey, Gajendra, Rajaguru, S. P., Robertson, Paul, Salyk, Colette, Sato, Bunei, Schlawin, Evertt, Sengupta, Sujan, Sivarani, Thirupathi, Skidmore, Warren, Vasisht, Gautam, Yasui, Chikako, and Zhang, Hui
Abstract: HISPEC is a new, high-resolution near-infrared spectrograph being designed for the W.M. Keck II telescope. By offering single-shot, R=100,000 between 0.98 - 2.5 um, HISPEC will enable spectroscopy of transiting and non-transiting exoplanets in close orbits, direct high-contrast detection and spectroscopy of spatially separated substellar companions, and exoplanet dynamical mass and orbit measurements using precision radial velocity monitoring calibrated with a suite of state-of-the-art absolute and relative wavelength references. MODHIS is the counterpart to HISPEC for the Thirty Meter Telescope and is being developed in parallel with similar scientific goals. In this proceeding, we provide a brief overview of the current design of both instruments, and the requirements for the two spectrographs as guided by the scientific goals for each. We then outline the current science case for HISPEC and MODHIS, with focuses on the science enabled for exoplanet discovery and characterization. We also provide updated sensitivity curves for both instruments, in terms of both signal-to-noise ratio and predicted radial velocity precision., Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures. To appear in the Proceedings of SPIE: Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets XI, vol. 12680 (2023)
Published: 2023

15. Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE). X. Detectability of currently known exoplanets and synergies with future IR/O/UV reflected-starlight imaging missions

Author: Carrión-González, Óscar, Kammerer, Jens, Angerhausen, Daniel, Dannert, Felix, Muñoz, Antonio García, Quanz, Sascha P., Absil, Olivier, Beichman, Charles A., Girard, Julien H., Mennesson, Bertrand, Meyer, Michael R., Stapelfeldt, Karl R., Collaboration, The LIFE, Carrión-González, Óscar, Kammerer, Jens, Angerhausen, Daniel, Dannert, Felix, Muñoz, Antonio García, Quanz, Sascha P., Absil, Olivier, Beichman, Charles A., Girard, Julien H., Mennesson, Bertrand, Meyer, Michael R., Stapelfeldt, Karl R., and Collaboration, The LIFE
Abstract: The next generation of space-based observatories will characterize the atmospheres of low-mass, temperate exoplanets with the direct-imaging technique. This will be a major step forward in our understanding of exoplanet diversity and the prevalence of potentially habitable conditions beyond the Earth. We compute a list of currently known exoplanets detectable with the mid-infrared Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE) in thermal emission. We also compute the list of known exoplanets accessible to a notional design of the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO), observing in reflected starlight. With a pre-existing method, we processed the NASA Exoplanet Archive and computed orbital realizations for each known exoplanet. We derived their mass, radius, equilibrium temperature, and planet-star angular separation. We used the LIFEsim simulator to compute the integration time ($t_{int}$) required to detect each planet with LIFE. A planet is considered detectable if a broadband signal-to-noise ratio $S/N$=7 is achieved over the spectral range $4-18.5\mu$m in $t_{int}\leq$100 hours. We tested whether the planet is accessible to HWO in reflected starlight based on its notional inner and outer working angles, and minimum planet-to-star contrast. LIFE's reference configuration (four 2-m telescopes with 5% throughput and a nulling baseline between 10-100 m) can detect 212 known planets within 20 pc. Of these, 55 are also accessible to HWO in reflected starlight, offering a unique opportunity for synergies in atmospheric characterization. LIFE can also detect 32 known transiting exoplanets. Furthermore, 38 LIFE-detectable planets orbit in the habitable zone, of which 13 with $M_p<5M_\oplus$ and 8 with $5M_\oplus
Published: 2023
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16. Systematic KMTNet Planetary Anomaly Search. X. Complete Sample of 2017 Prime-Field Planets

Author: Ryu, Yoon-Hyun, Udalski, Andrzej, Yee, Jennifer C., Zang, Weicheng, Shvartzvald, Yossi, Han, Cheongho, Gould, Andrew, Albrow, Michael D., Chung, Sun-Ju, Hwang, Kyu-Ha, Jung, Youn Kil, Shin, In-Gu, Yang, Hongjing, Cha, Sang-Mok, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Seung-Lee, Lee, Chung-Uk, Lee, Dong-Joo, Lee, Yongseok, Park, Byeong-Gon, Pogge, Richard W., Wang, Hanyue, Mróz, Przemek, Szymański, Michał K., Skowron, Jan, Poleski, Radek, Soszyński, Igor, Pietrukowicz, Paweł, Kozłowski, Szymon, Ulaczyk, Krzysztof, Rybicki, Krzysztof A., Iwanek, Patryk, Wrona, Marcin, Beichman, Charles, Bryden, Geoffry, Carey, Sean, Henderson, Calen B., Novati, Sebastiano Calchi, Zhu, Wei, Jacklin, Savannah, Penny, Matthew T., Ryu, Yoon-Hyun, Udalski, Andrzej, Yee, Jennifer C., Zang, Weicheng, Shvartzvald, Yossi, Han, Cheongho, Gould, Andrew, Albrow, Michael D., Chung, Sun-Ju, Hwang, Kyu-Ha, Jung, Youn Kil, Shin, In-Gu, Yang, Hongjing, Cha, Sang-Mok, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Seung-Lee, Lee, Chung-Uk, Lee, Dong-Joo, Lee, Yongseok, Park, Byeong-Gon, Pogge, Richard W., Wang, Hanyue, Mróz, Przemek, Szymański, Michał K., Skowron, Jan, Poleski, Radek, Soszyński, Igor, Pietrukowicz, Paweł, Kozłowski, Szymon, Ulaczyk, Krzysztof, Rybicki, Krzysztof A., Iwanek, Patryk, Wrona, Marcin, Beichman, Charles, Bryden, Geoffry, Carey, Sean, Henderson, Calen B., Novati, Sebastiano Calchi, Zhu, Wei, Jacklin, Savannah, and Penny, Matthew T.
Abstract: We complete the analysis of planetary candidates found by the KMT AnomalyFinder for the 2017 prime fields that cover $\sim 13\,{\rm deg}^2$. We report 3 unambiguous planets: OGLE-2017-BLG-0640, OGLE-2017-BLG-1275, and OGLE-2017-BLG-1237. The first two of these were not previously identified, while the last was not previously published due to technical complications induced by a nearby variable. We further report that a fourth anomalous event, the previously recognized OGLE-2017-BLG-1777, is very likely to be planetary, although its light curve requires unusually complex modeling because the lens and source both have orbiting companions. One of the 3 unambiguous planets, OGLE-2017-BLG-1275 is the first AnomalyFinder discovery that has a {\it Spitzer} microlens parallax measurement, $\pi_E \sim 0.045\pm0.015$, implying that this planetary system almost certainly lies in the Galactic bulge. In the order listed, the four planetary events have planet-host mass ratios $q$, and normalized projected separations $s$, of $(\log q,s)$ = $(-2.31,0.61)$, $(-2.06,0.63/1.09)$, $(-2.10,1.04)$, and $(-2.86,0.72)$. Combined with previously published events, the 2017 AnomalyFinder prime fields contain 11 unambiguous planets with well-measured $q$ and one very likely candidate, of which 3 are AnomalyFinder discoveries. In addition to these 12, there are three other unambiguous planets with large uncertainties in $q$., Comment: 67 pages, 13 figures, 16 tables
Published: 2023

17. JWST/NIRCam Coronagraphy of the Young Planet-hosting Debris Disk AU Microscopii

Author: Lawson, Kellen, Schlieder, Joshua E., Leisenring, Jarron M., Bogat, Ell, Beichman, Charles A., Bryden, Geoffrey, Gáspár, András, Groff, Tyler D., McElwain, Michael W., Meyer, Michael R., Barclay, Thomas, Calissendorff, Per, De Furio, Matthew, Ygouf, Marie, Boccaletti, Anthony, Greene, Thomas P., Krist, John, Plavchan, Peter, Rieke, Marcia J., Roellig, Thomas L., Stansberry, John, Wisniewski, John P., Young, Erick T., Lawson, Kellen, Schlieder, Joshua E., Leisenring, Jarron M., Bogat, Ell, Beichman, Charles A., Bryden, Geoffrey, Gáspár, András, Groff, Tyler D., McElwain, Michael W., Meyer, Michael R., Barclay, Thomas, Calissendorff, Per, De Furio, Matthew, Ygouf, Marie, Boccaletti, Anthony, Greene, Thomas P., Krist, John, Plavchan, Peter, Rieke, Marcia J., Roellig, Thomas L., Stansberry, John, Wisniewski, John P., and Young, Erick T.
Abstract: High-contrast imaging of debris disk systems permits us to assess the composition and size distribution of circumstellar dust, to probe recent dynamical histories, and to directly detect and characterize embedded exoplanets. Observations of these systems in the infrared beyond 2--3 $\mu$m promise access to both extremely favorable planet contrasts and numerous scattered-light spectral features -- but have typically been inhibited by the brightness of the sky at these wavelengths. We present coronagraphy of the AU Microscopii (AU Mic) system using JWST's Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) in two filters spanning 3--5 $\mu$m. These data provide the first images of the system's famous debris disk at these wavelengths and permit additional constraints on its properties and morphology. Conducting a deep search for companions in these data, we do not identify any compelling candidates. However, with sensitivity sufficient to recover planets as small as $\sim 0.1$ Jupiter masses beyond $\sim 2^{\prime\prime}$ ($\sim 20$ au) with $5\sigma$ confidence, these data place significant constraints on any massive companions that might still remain at large separations and provide additional context for the compact, multi-planet system orbiting very close-in. The observations presented here highlight NIRCam's unique capabilities for probing similar disks in this largely unexplored wavelength range, and provide the deepest direct imaging constraints on wide-orbit giant planets in this very well studied benchmark system., Comment: 27 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2023

18. Overfitting Affects the Reliability of Radial Velocity Mass Estimates of the V1298 Tau Planets

Author: Blunt, Sarah, Carvalho, Adolfo, David, Trevor J., Beichman, Charles, Zink, Jon K., Gaidos, Eric, Behmard, Aida, Bouma, Luke G., Cody, Devin, Dai, Fei, Foreman-Mackey, Daniel, Grunblatt, Sam, Howard, Andrew W., Kosiarek, Molly, Knutson, Heather A., Rubenzahl, Ryan A., Beard, Corey, Chontos, Ashley, Giacalone, Steven, Hirano, Teruyuki, Johnson, Marshall C., Lubin, Jack, Murphy, Joseph M. Akana, Petigura, Erik A, Van Zandt, Judah, Weiss, Lauren, Blunt, Sarah, Carvalho, Adolfo, David, Trevor J., Beichman, Charles, Zink, Jon K., Gaidos, Eric, Behmard, Aida, Bouma, Luke G., Cody, Devin, Dai, Fei, Foreman-Mackey, Daniel, Grunblatt, Sam, Howard, Andrew W., Kosiarek, Molly, Knutson, Heather A., Rubenzahl, Ryan A., Beard, Corey, Chontos, Ashley, Giacalone, Steven, Hirano, Teruyuki, Johnson, Marshall C., Lubin, Jack, Murphy, Joseph M. Akana, Petigura, Erik A, Van Zandt, Judah, and Weiss, Lauren
Abstract: Mass, radius, and age measurements of young (<100 Myr) planets have the power to shape our understanding of planet formation. However, young stars tend to be extremely variable in both photometry and radial velocity, which makes constraining these properties challenging. The V1298 Tau system of four ~0.5 Rjup planets transiting a pre-main sequence star presents an important, if stress-inducing, opportunity to directly observe and measure the properties of infant planets. Su\'arez-Mascare\~no et al. (2021) published radial-velocity-derived masses for two of the V1298 Tau planets using a state-of-the-art Gaussian Process regression framework. The planetary densities computed from these masses were surprisingly high, implying extremely rapid contraction after formation in tension with most existing planet formation theories. In an effort to further constrain the masses of the V1298 Tau planets, we obtained 36 RVs using Keck/HIRES, and analyzed them in concert with published RVs and photometry. Through performing a suite of cross validation tests, we found evidence that the preferred model of SM21 suffers from overfitting, defined as the inability to predict unseen data, rendering the masses unreliable. We detail several potential causes of this overfitting, many of which may be important for other RV analyses of other active stars, and recommend that additional time and resources be allocated to understanding and mitigating activity in active young stars such as V1298 Tau., Comment: 26 pages, 12 figures; published in AJ
Published: 2023
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19. Spatially resolved imaging of the inner Fomalhaut disk using JWST/MIRI

Author: Gaspar, Andras, Wolff, Schuyler Grace, Rieke, George H., Leisenring, Jarron M., Morrison, Jane, Su, Kate Y. L., Ward-Duong, Kimberly, Aguilar, Jonathan, Ygouf, Marie, Beichman, Charles, Llop-Sayson, Jorge, Bryden, Geoffrey, Gaspar, Andras, Wolff, Schuyler Grace, Rieke, George H., Leisenring, Jarron M., Morrison, Jane, Su, Kate Y. L., Ward-Duong, Kimberly, Aguilar, Jonathan, Ygouf, Marie, Beichman, Charles, Llop-Sayson, Jorge, and Bryden, Geoffrey
Abstract: Planetary debris disks around other stars are analogous to the Asteroid and Kuiper belts in the Solar System. Their structure reveals the configuration of small bodies and provides hints for the presence of planets. The nearby star Fomalhaut hosts one of the most prominent debris disks, resolved by HST, Spitzer, Herschel, and ALMA. Images of this system at mid-infrared wavelengths using JWST/MIRI not only show the narrow Kuiper-Belt-analog outer ring, but also that (1) what was thought from indirect evidence to be an asteroid-analog structure is instead broad, extending outward into the outer system; (2) there is an intermediate belt, probably shepherded by an unseen planet. The newly discovered belt is demarcated by an inner gap, located at ~ 78 au, and it is misaligned relative to the outer belt. The previously known collisionally generated dust cloud, Fomalhaut b, could have originated from this belt, suggesting increased dynamical stirring and collision rates there. We also discovered a large dust cloud within the outer ring, possible evidence of another dust-creating collision. Taken together with previous observations, Fomalhaut appears to be the site of a complex and possibly dynamically active planetary system., Comment: 17 Figures, 3 tables; includes Supplementary Information package; Published in Nature Astronomy
Published: 2023
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20. The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Author: Gardner, Jonathan P., Mather, John C., Abbott, Randy, Abell, James S., Abernathy, Mark, Abney, Faith E., Abraham, John G., Abraham, Roberto, Abul-Huda, Yasin M., Acton, Scott, Adams, Cynthia K., Adams, Evan, Adler, David S., Adriaensen, Maarten, Aguilar, Jonathan Albert, Ahmed, Mansoor, Ahmed, Nasif S., Ahmed, Tanjira, Albat, Rüdeger, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Mary Marsha, Allen, Shaune S., Altenburg, Martin, Altunc, Serhat, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Álvarez-Márquez, Javier, de Oliveira, Catarina Alves, Ambrose, Leslie L., Anandakrishnan, Satya M., Andersen, Gregory C., Anderson, Harry James, Anderson, Jay, Anderson, Kristen, Anderson, Sara M., Aprea, Julio, Archer, Benita J., Arenberg, Jonathan W., Argyriou, Ioannis, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Étienne, Arvai, Amanda Rose, Atcheson, Paul, Atkinson, Charles B., Averbukh, Jesse, Aymergen, Cagatay, Bacinski, John J., Baggett, Wayne E., Bagnasco, Giorgio, Baker, Lynn L., Balzano, Vicki Ann, Banks, Kimberly A., Baran, David A., Barker, Elizabeth A., Barrett, Larry K., Barringer, Bruce O., Barto, Allison, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Baum, Stefi, Beatty, Thomas G., Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bechtold, Kathryn, Beck, Tracy, Beddard, Megan M., Beichman, Charles, Bellagama, Larry, Bely, Pierre, Berger, Timothy W., Bergeron, Louis E., Darveau-Bernier, Antoine, Bertch, Maria D., Beskow, Charlotte, Betz, Laura E., Biagetti, Carl P., Birkmann, Stephan, Bjorklund, Kurt F., Blackwood, James D., Blazek, Ronald Paul, Blossfeld, Stephen, Bluth, Marcel, Boccaletti, Anthony, Boegner Jr., Martin E., Bohlin, Ralph C., Boia, John Joseph, Böker, Torsten, Bonaventura, N., Bond, Nicholas A., Bosley, Kari Ann, Boucarut, Rene A., Bouchet, Patrice, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Ariel S., Bowers, Charles W., Boyce, Leslye A., Boyer, Christine T., Boyer, Martha L., Boyer, Michael, Boyer, Robert, Bradley, Larry D., Brady, Gregory R., Brandl, Bernhard R., Brannen, Judith L., Breda, David, Bremmer, Harold G., Brennan, David, Bresnahan, Pamela A., Bright, Stacey N., Broiles, Brian J., Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian H., Brooks, Keira J., Brown, Bob, Brown, Bruce, Brown, Thomas M., Bruce, Barry W., Bryson, Jonathan G., Bujanda, Edwin D., Bullock, Blake M., Bunker, A. J., Bureo, Rafael, Burt, Irving J., Bush, James Aaron, Bushouse, Howard A., Bussman, Marie C., Cabaud, Olivier, Cale, Steven, Calhoon, Charles D., Calvani, Humberto, Canipe, Alicia M., Caputo, Francis M., Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Case, Michael Eli, Cesari, Thaddeus, Cetorelli, Lee D., Chance, Don R., Chandler, Lynn, Chaney, Dave, Chapman, George N., Charlot, S., Chayer, Pierre, Cheezum, Jeffrey I., Chen, Bin, Chen, Christine H., Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah C., Chilton, Zachary S., Chittiraibalan, Dharini, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles R., Clark, Kerry W., Clark, Stephanie M., Claybrooks, Edward E., Cleveland, Keith A., Cohen, Andrew L., Cohen, Lester M., Colón, Knicole D., Coleman, Benee L., Colina, Luis, Comber, Brian J., Comeau, Thomas M., Comer, Thomas, Reis, Alain Conde, Connolly, Dennis C., Conroy, Kyle E., Contos, Adam R., Contreras, James, Cook, Neil J., Cooper, James L., Cooper, Rachel Aviva, Correia, Michael F., Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Costanza, Brian F., Coulais, Alain, Cox, Colin R., Coyle, Ray T., Cracraft, Misty M., Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, Crew, Keith A., Curtis, Gary J., Cusveller, Bianca, Maciel, Cleyciane Da Costa, Dailey, Christopher T., Daugeron, Frédéric, Davidson, Greg S., Davies, James E., Davis, Katherine Anne, Davis, Michael S., Day, Ratna, de Chambure, Daniel, de Jong, Pauline, De Marchi, Guido, Dean, Bruce H., Decker, John E., Delisa, Amy S., Dell, Lawrence C., Dellagatta, Gail, Dembinska, Franciszka, Demosthenes, Sandor, Dencheva, Nadezhda M., Deneu, Philippe, DePriest, William W., Deschenes, Jeremy, Dethienne, Nathalie, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa Izela, Dicken, Daniel, DiFelice, Audrey S., Dillman, Matthew, Disharoon, Maureen O., van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Dixon, William V., Doggett, Jesse B., Dominguez, Keisha L., Donaldson, Thomas S., Doria-Warner, Cristina M., Santos, Tony Dos, Doty, Heather, Douglas Jr., Robert E., Doyon, René, Dressler, Alan, Driggers, Jennifer, Driggers, Phillip A., Dunn, Jamie L., DuPrie, Kimberly C., Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Dutta, Sanghamitra B., Earl, Nicholas M., Eccleston, Paul, Ecobichon, Pascal, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan D., Eisenhower, Michael, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Hamel, Zaky El, Elie, Michelle L., Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle Wesley, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Néstor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Evans, Leah, Fabreguettes, Luce, Falcolini, Massimo, Falini, Patrick R., Fatig, Curtis, Feeney, Matthew, Feinberg, Lee D., Fels, Raymond, Ferdous, Nazma, Ferguson, Henry C., Ferrarese, Laura, Ferreira, Marie-Héléne, Ferruit, Pierre, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph Charles, Firre, Daniel, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Flanagan, Kathryn A., Fleming, Scott W., Florian, Michael, Flynn, James R., Foiadelli, Luca, Fontaine, Mark R., Fontanella, Erin Marie, Forshay, Peter Randolph, Fortner, Elizabeth A., Fox, Ori D., Framarini, Alexandro P., Francisco, John I., Franck, Randy, Franx, Marijn, Franz, David E., Friedman, Scott D., Friend, Katheryn E., Frost, James R., Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander W., Gaillard, Lionel, Galkin, Sergey, Gallagher, Ben, Galyer, Anthony D., Marín, Macarena García, Gardner, Lisa E., Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce Albert, Gasman, Danny, Gáspár, András, Gastaud, René, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter Timothy, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul H., Gennaro, Mario, Gerber, John, Gereau, John C., Giampaoli, Robert, Giardino, Giovanna, Gibbons, Paul C., Gilbert, Karolina, Gilman, Larry, Girard, Julien H., Giuliano, Mark E., Gkountis, Konstantinos, Glasse, Alistair, Glassmire, Kirk Zachary, Glauser, Adrian Michael, Glazer, Stuart D., Goldberg, Joshua, Golimowski, David A., Gonzaga, Shireen P., Gordon, Karl D., Gordon, Shawn J., Goudfrooij, Paul, Gough, Michael J., Graham, Adrian J., Grau, Christopher M., Green, Joel David, Greene, Gretchen R., Greene, Thomas P., Greenfield, Perry E., Greenhouse, Matthew A., Greve, Thomas R., Greville, Edgar M., Grimaldi, Stefano, Groe, Frank E., Groebner, Andrew, Grumm, David M., Grundy, Timothy, Güdel, Manuel, Guillard, Pierre, Guldalian, John, Gunn, Christopher A., Gurule, Anthony, Gutman, Irvin Meyer, Guy, Paul D., Guyot, Benjamin, Hack, Warren J., Haderlein, Peter, Hagan, James B., Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest Clifford, Hammann, Jeffrey, Hammel, Heidi B., Hanley, Christopher J., Hansen, Carl August, Hardy, Bruce, Harnisch, Bernd, Harr, Michael Hunter, Harris, Pamela, Hart, Jessica Ann, Hartig, George F., Hasan, Hashima, Hashim, Kathleen Marie, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee J., Hawkins, Robert Edward, Hayden, Brian, Hayden, William L., Healy, Mike, Hecht, Karen, Heeg, Vince J., Hejal, Reem, Helm, Kristopher A., Hengemihle, Nicholas J., Henning, Thomas, Henry, Alaina, Henry, Ronald L., Henshaw, Katherine, Hernandez, Scarlin, Herrington, Donald C., Heske, Astrid, Hesman, Brigette Emily, Hickey, David L., Hilbert, Bryan N., Hines, Dean C., Hinz, Michael R., Hirsch, Michael, Hitcho, Robert S., Hodapp, Klaus, Hodge, Philip E., Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie T., Holler, Bryan Jason, Hoppa, Jennifer Rose, Horner, Scott, Howard, Joseph M., Howard, Richard J., Huber, Jean M., Hunkeler, Joseph S., Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David Gavin, Hurd, Spencer W., Hurst, Brendan J., Hutchings, John B., Hylan, Jason E., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra M., Isaacs III, John C., Jackson Jr., Wallace C., Jaffe, Daniel T., Jahic, Jasmin, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, Bryan, James, John C., James, LeAndrea Rae, Jamieson, William Brian, Jandra, Raymond D., Jayawardhana, Ray, Jedrzejewski, Robert, Jeffers, Basil S., Jensen, Peter, Joanne, Egges, Johns, Alan T., Johnson, Carl A., Johnson, Eric L., Johnson, Patricia, Johnson, Phillip Stephen, Johnson, Thomas K., Johnson, Timothy W., Johnstone, Doug, Jollet, Delphine, Jones, Danny P., Jones, Gregory S., Jones, Olivia C., Jones, Ronald A., Jones, Vicki, Jordan, Ian J., Jordan, Margaret E., Jue, Reginald, Jurkowski, Mark H., Justis, Grant, Justtanont, Kay, Kaleida, Catherine C., Kalirai, Jason S., Kalmanson, Phillip Cabrales, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Kammerer, Jens, Kan, Samuel K., Kanarek, Graham Childs, Kao, Shaw-Hong, Karakla, Diane M., Karl, Hermann, Kassin, Susan A., Kauffman, David D., Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelley, Leigh L., Kelly, Douglas M., Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert V., Kenny, Deborah A., Keski-Kuha, Ritva A., Keyes, Charles D., Khan, Ali, Kidwell, Richard C., Kimble, Randy A., King, James S., King, Richard C., Kinzel, Wayne M., Kirk, Jeffrey R., Kirkpatrick, Marc E., Klaassen, Pamela, Klingemann, Lana, Klintworth, Paul U., Knapp, Bryan Adam, Knight, Scott, Knollenberg, Perry J., Knutsen, Daniel Mark, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton M., Kofler, Earl T., Kontson, Vicki L., Kovacs, Aiden Rose, Kozhurina-Platais, Vera, Krause, Oliver, Kriss, Gerard A., Krist, John, Kristoffersen, Monica R., Krogel, Claudia, Krueger, Anthony P., Kulp, Bernard A., Kumari, Nimisha, Kwan, Sandy W., Kyprianou, Mark, Labador, Aurora Gadiano, Labiano, Álvaro, Lafrenière, David, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Laidler, Victoria G., Laine, Benoit, Laird, Simon, Lajoie, Charles-Philippe, Lallo, Matthew D., Lam, May Yen, LaMassa, Stephanie Marie, Lambros, Scott D., Lampenfield, Richard Joseph, Lander, Matthew Ed, Langston, James Hutton, Larson, Kirsten, Larson, Melora, LaVerghetta, Robert Joseph, Law, David R., Lawrence, Jon F., Lee, David W., Lee, Janice, Lee, Yat-Ning Paul, Leisenring, Jarron, Leveille, Michael Dunlap, Levenson, Nancy A., Levi, Joshua S., Levine, Marie B., Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Jake, Lewis, Nikole, Libralato, Mattia, Lidon, Norbert, Liebrecht, Paula Louisa, Lightsey, Paul, Lilly, Simon, Lim, Frederick C., Lim, Pey Lian, Ling, Sai-Kwong, Link, Lisa J., Link, Miranda Nicole, Lipinski, Jamie L., Liu, XiaoLi, Lo, Amy S., Lobmeyer, Lynette, Logue, Ryan M., Long, Chris A., Long, Douglas R., Long, Ilana D., Long, Knox S., López-Caniego, Marcos, Lotz, Jennifer M., Love-Pruitt, Jennifer M., Lubskiy, Michael, Luers, Edward B., Luetgens, Robert A., Luevano, Annetta J., Lui, Sarah Marie G. Flores, Lund III, James M., Lundquist, Ray A., Lunine, Jonathan, Lützgendorf, Nora, Lynch, Richard J., MacDonald, Alex J., MacDonald, Kenneth, Macias, Matthew J., Macklis, Keith I., Maghami, Peiman, Maharaja, Rishabh Y., Maiolino, Roberto, Makrygiannis, Konstantinos G., Malla, Sunita Giri, Malumuth, Eliot M., Manjavacas, Elena, Marini, Andrea, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André R, Martin, Didier, Martin, Peter G., Martinez, Kristin L., Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory L., Masetti, Margaret E., Maszkiewicz, Michael, Matthews, Gary, Matuskey, Jacob E., McBrayer, Glen A., McCarthy, Donald W., McCaughrean, Mark J., McClare, Leslie A., McClare, Michael D., McCloskey, John C., McClurg, Taylore D., McCoy, Martin, McElwain, Michael W., McGregor, Roy D., McGuffey, Douglas B., McKay, Andrew G., McKenzie, William K., McLean, Brian, McMaster, Matthew, McNeil, Warren, De Meester, Wim, Mehalick, Kimberly L., Meixner, Margaret, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael P., Menzel, Michael T., Merz, Matthew, Mesterharm, David D., Meyer, Michael R., Meyett, Michele L., Meza, Luis E., Midwinter, Calvin, Milam, Stefanie N., Miller, Jay Todd, Miller, William C., Miskey, Cherie L., Misselt, Karl, Mitchell, Eileen P., Mohan, Martin, Montoya, Emily E., Moran, Michael J., Morishita, Takahiro, Moro-Martín, Amaya, Morrison, Debra L., Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie C., Moschos, Michael, Moseley, S. H., Mosier, Gary E., Mosner, Peter, Mountain, Matt, Muckenthaler, Jason S., Mueller, Donald G., Mueller, Migo, Muhiem, Daniella, Mühlmann, Prisca, Mullally, Susan Elizabeth, Mullen, Stephanie M., Munger, Alan J, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine T., Muzerolle, James C., Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Andrew, Myers, Carey R., Myers, Fred Richard R., Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nagle IV, Adrian F., Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Neff, Susan G., Nelan, Edmund P., Nella, John, Nguyen, Duy Tuong, Nguyen, Michael N., Nickson, Bryony, Nidhiry, John Joseph, Niedner, Malcolm B., Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Nishisaka, Mary Ann, Nota, Antonella, O'Mara, Robyn C., Oboryshko, Michael, O'Brien, Marcus B., Ochs, William R., Offenberg, Joel D., Ogle, Patrick Michael, Ohl, Raymond G., Olmsted, Joseph Hamden, Osborne, Shannon Barbara, O'Shaughnessy, Brian Patrick, Östlin, Göran, O'Sullivan, Brian, Otor, O. 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H., Mosier, Gary E., Mosner, Peter, Mountain, Matt, Muckenthaler, Jason S., Mueller, Donald G., Mueller, Migo, Muhiem, Daniella, Mühlmann, Prisca, Mullally, Susan Elizabeth, Mullen, Stephanie M., Munger, Alan J, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine T., Muzerolle, James C., Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Andrew, Myers, Carey R., Myers, Fred Richard R., Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nagle IV, Adrian F., Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Neff, Susan G., Nelan, Edmund P., Nella, John, Nguyen, Duy Tuong, Nguyen, Michael N., Nickson, Bryony, Nidhiry, John Joseph, Niedner, Malcolm B., Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Nishisaka, Mary Ann, Nota, Antonella, O'Mara, Robyn C., Oboryshko, Michael, O'Brien, Marcus B., Ochs, William R., Offenberg, Joel D., Ogle, Patrick Michael, Ohl, Raymond G., Olmsted, Joseph Hamden, Osborne, Shannon Barbara, O'Shaughnessy, Brian Patrick, Östlin, Göran, O'Sullivan, Brian, Otor, O. Justin, Ottens, Richard, Ouellette, Nathalie N. -Q., Outlaw, Daria J., Owens, Beverly A., Pacifici, Camilla, Page, James Christophe, Paranilam, James G., Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith A., Paschal, Laura, Patapis, Polychronis, Patel, Jignasha, Patrick, Keith, Pattishall Jr., Robert A., Paul, Douglas William, Paul, Shirley J., Pauly, Tyler Andrew, Pavlovsky, Cheryl M., Peña-Guerrero, Maria, Pedder, Andrew H., Peek, Matthew Weldon, Pelham, Patricia A., Penanen, Konstantin, Perriello, Beth A., Perrin, Marshall D., Perrine, Richard F., Perrygo, Chuck, Peslier, Muriel, Petach, Michael, Peterson, Karla A., Pfarr, Tom, Pierson, James M., Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pilchen, Guy, Pipher, Judy L., Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph T., Player, Danielle M., Plesha, Rachel, Plitzke, Anja, Pohner, John A., Poletis, Karyn Konstantin, Pollizzi, Joseph A., Polster, Ethan, Pontius, James T., Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porges, Susana C., Potter, Gregg D., Prescott, Stephen, Proffitt, Charles R., Pueyo, Laurent, Neira, Irma Aracely Quispe, Radich, Armando, Rager, Reiko T., Rameau, Julien, Ramey, Deborah D., Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Rampini, Riccardo, Rapp, Robert, Rashford, Robert A., Rauscher, Bernard J., Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Rawlings, Tynika N., Ray, Tom, Regan, Michael W., Rehm, Brian, Rehm, Kenneth D., Reid, Neill, Reis, Carl A., Renk, Florian, Reoch, Tom B., Ressler, Michael, Rest, Armin W., Reynolds, Paul J., Richon, Joel G., Richon, Karen V., Ridgaway, Michael, Riedel, Adric Richard, Rieke, George H., Rieke, Marcia, Rifelli, Richard E., Rigby, Jane R., Riggs, Catherine S., Ringel, Nancy J., Ritchie, Christine E., Rix, Hans-Walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Michael S., Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank W., Rodriguez, David R., del Pino, Bruno Rodríguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott O., Roman, Anthony J., Romelfanger, Frederick J., Romo Jr., Felipe P., Rosales, Jose J., Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony F., Roth, Marc N., Rothwell, Braden Quinn, Rouzaud, Sylvain, Rowe, Jason, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Rumpl, William, Russ, Melissa L., Ryan, Michael B., Ryan, Richard M., Saad, Karl, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatino, Rick, Sabbi, Elena, Sabelhaus, Phillip A., Sabia, Stephen, Sahu, Kailash C., Saif, Babak N., Salvignol, Jean-Christophe, Samara-Ratna, Piyal, Samuelson, Bridget S., Sanders, Felicia A., Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B. A., Sauer, Arne, Savadkin, Bruce J., Sawicki, Marcin, Schappell, Tina M., Scheffer, Caroline, Scheithauer, Silvia, Scherer, Ron, Schiff, Conrad, Schlawin, Everett, Schmeitzky, Olivier, Schmitz, Tyler S., Schmude, Donald J., Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schroeven-Deceuninck, Hilde, Schultz, John J., Schwab, Ryan, Schwartz, Curtis H., Scoccimarro, Dario, Scott, John F., Scott, Michelle B., Seaton, Bonita L., Seely, Bruce S., Seery, Bernard, Seidleck, Mark, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare Elizabeth, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard A., Shay, Christopher Michael, Sheehan, Even, Sheth, Kartik, Shih, Hsin-Yi, Shivaei, Irene, Siegel, Noah, Sienkiewicz, Matthew G., Simmons, Debra D., Simon, Bernard P., Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Slade, Jeffrey E., Sloan, G. C., Slocum, Christine E., Slowinski, Steven E., Smith, Corbett T., Smith, Eric P., Smith, Erin C., Smith, Koby, Smith, Robert, Smith, Stephanie J., Smolik, John L., Soderblom, David R., Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Sokol, Jeff, Sonneborn, George, Sontag, Christopher D., Sooy, Peter R., Soummer, Remi, Southwood, Dana M., Spain, Kay, Sparmo, Joseph, Speer, David T., Spencer, Richard, Sprofera, Joseph D., Stallcup, Scott S., Stanley, Marcia K., Stansberry, John A., Stark, Christopher C., Starr, Carl W., Stassi, Diane Y., Steck, Jane A., Steeley, Christine D., Stephens, Matthew A., Stephenson, Ralph J., Stewart, Alphonso C., Stiavelli, Massimo, Stockman Jr., Hervey, Strada, Paolo, Straughn, Amber N., Streetman, Scott, Strickland, David Kendal, Strobele, Jingping F., Stuhlinger, Martin, Stys, Jeffrey Edward, Such, Miguel, Sukhatme, Kalyani, Sullivan, Joseph F., Sullivan, Pamela C., Sumner, Sandra M., Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Benjamin Dale, Swade, Daryl Allen, Swam, Michael S., Swenton, Diane F., Swoish, Robby A., Litten, Oi In Tam, Tamas, Laszlo, Tao, Andrew, Taylor, David K., Taylor, Joanna M., Plate, Maurice te, Van Tea, Mason, Teague, Kelly K., Telfer, Randal C., Temim, Tea, Texter, Scott C., Thatte, Deepashri G., Thompson, Christopher Lee, Thompson, Linda M., Thomson, Shaun R., Thronson, Harley, Tierney, C. M., Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tinnin, Lee, Tippet, William Thomas, Todd, Connor William, Tran, Hien D., Trauger, John, Trejo, Edwin Gregorio, Truong, Justin Hoang Vinh, Tsukamoto, Christine L., Tufail, Yasir, Tumlinson, Jason, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael A., Vaclavik, Steven, Valenduc, Frida, Valenti, Jeff A., Van Campen, Julie, van de Wetering, Inge, Van Der Marel, Roeland P., van Haarlem, Remy, Vandenbussche, Bart, Vanterpool, Dona D., Vernoy, Michael R., Costas, Maria Begoña Vila, Volk, Kevin, Voorzaat, Piet, Voyton, Mark F., Vydra, Ekaterina, Waddy, Darryl J., Waelkens, Christoffel, Wahlgren, Glenn Michael, Walker Jr., Frederick E., Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine K., Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Francis C., Wasiak, Matthew F., Wehner, James, Weiler, Kevin R., Weilert, Mark, Weiss, Stanley B., Wells, Martyn, Welty, Alan D., Wheate, Lauren, Wheeler, Thomas P., White, Christy L., Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer Margaret, Whitman, William Russell, Williams, Christina C., Willmer, Christopher N. A., Willott, Chris J., Willoughby, Scott P., Wilson, Andrew, Wilson, Debra, Wilson, Donna V., Windhorst, Rogier, Wislowski, Emily Christine, Wolfe, David J., Wolfe, Michael A., Wolff, Schuyler, Wondel, Amancio, Woo, Cindy, Woods, Robert T., Worden, Elaine, Workman, William, Wright, Gillian S., Wu, Carl, Wu, Chi-Rai, Wun, Dakin D., Wymer, Kristen B., Yadetie, Thomas, Yan, Isabelle C., Yang, Keith C., Yates, Kayla L., Yeager, Christopher R., Yerger, Ethan John, Young, Erick T., Young, Gary, Yu, Gene, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean S., Zeidler, Peter, Zepp, Robert, Zhou, Julia, Zincke, Christian A., Zonak, Stephanie, and Zondag, Elisabeth
Abstract: Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit., Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2023
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21. JWST/NIRCam discovery of the first Y+Y brown dwarf binary: WISE J033605.05$-$014350.4

Author: Calissendorff, Per, De Furio, Matthew, Meyer, Michael, Albert, Loïc, Aganze, Christian, Ali-Dib, Mohamad, Gagliuffi, Daniella C. Bardalez, Baron, Frederique, Beichman, Charles A., Burgasser, Adam J., Cushing, Michael C., Faherty, Jacqueline Kelly, Fontanive, Clémence, Gelino, Christopher R., Gizis, John E., Greenbaum, Alexandra Z., Kirkpatrick, J. Davy, Leggett, Sandy K., Martinache, Frantz, Mary, David, N'Diaye, Mamadou, Pope, Benjamin J. S., Roellig, Thomas L, Sahlmann, Johannes, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Thorngren, Daniel Peter, Ygouf, Marie, Vandal, Thomas, Calissendorff, Per, De Furio, Matthew, Meyer, Michael, Albert, Loïc, Aganze, Christian, Ali-Dib, Mohamad, Gagliuffi, Daniella C. Bardalez, Baron, Frederique, Beichman, Charles A., Burgasser, Adam J., Cushing, Michael C., Faherty, Jacqueline Kelly, Fontanive, Clémence, Gelino, Christopher R., Gizis, John E., Greenbaum, Alexandra Z., Kirkpatrick, J. Davy, Leggett, Sandy K., Martinache, Frantz, Mary, David, N'Diaye, Mamadou, Pope, Benjamin J. S., Roellig, Thomas L, Sahlmann, Johannes, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Thorngren, Daniel Peter, Ygouf, Marie, and Vandal, Thomas
Abstract: We report the discovery of the first brown dwarf binary system with a Y dwarf primary, WISE J033605.05$-$014350.4, observed with NIRCam on JWST with the F150W and F480M filters. We employed an empirical point spread function binary model to identify the companion, located at a projected separation of 84 milliarcseconds, position angle of 295 degrees, and with contrast of 2.8 and 1.8 magnitudes in F150W and F480M, respectively. At a distance of 10$\,$pc based on its Spitzer parallax, and assuming a random inclination distribution, the physical separation is approximately 1$\,$au. Evolutionary models predict for that an age of 1-5 Gyr, the companion mass is about 4-12.5 Jupiter masses around the 7.5-20 Jupiter mass primary, corresponding to a companion-to-host mass fraction of $q=0.61\pm0.05$. Under the assumption of a Keplerian orbit the period for this extreme binary is in the range of 5-9 years. The system joins a small but growing sample of ultracool dwarf binaries with effective temperatures of a few hundreds of Kelvin. Brown dwarf binaries lie at the nexus of importance for understanding the formation mechanisms of these elusive objects, as they allow us to investigate whether the companions formed as stars or as planets in a disk around the primary., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters
Published: 2023
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22. Star-Crossed Lovers DI Tau A and B: Orbit Characterization and Physical Properties Determination

Author: Tang, Shih-Yun, Stahl, Asa G., Prato, L., Schaefer, G. H., Johns-Krull, Christopher M., Skiff, Brian A., Beichman, Charles A., Uyama, Taichi, Tang, Shih-Yun, Stahl, Asa G., Prato, L., Schaefer, G. H., Johns-Krull, Christopher M., Skiff, Brian A., Beichman, Charles A., and Uyama, Taichi
Abstract: The stellar companion to the weak-line T Tauri star DI Tau A was first discovered by the lunar occultation technique in 1989 and was subsequently confirmed by a speckle imaging observation in 1991. It has not been detected since, despite being targeted by five different studies that used a variety of methods and spanned more than 20 years. Here, we report the serendipitous rediscovery of DI Tau B during our Young Exoplanets Spectroscopic Survey (YESS). Using radial velocity data from YESS spanning 17 years, new adaptive optics observations from Keck II, and a variety of other data from the literature, we derive a preliminary orbital solution for the system that effectively explains the detection and (almost all of the) non-detection history of DI Tau B. We estimate the dynamical masses of both components, finding that the large mass difference (q $\sim$0.17) and long orbital period ($\gtrsim$35 years) make DI Tau system a noteworthy and valuable addition to studies of stellar evolution and pre-main-sequence models. With a long orbital period and a small flux ratio (f2/f1) between DI Tau A and B, additional measurements are needed for a better comparison between these observational results and pre-main-sequence models. Finally, we report an average surface magnetic field strength ($\bar B$) for DI Tau A, of $\sim$0.55 kG, which is unusually low in the context of young active stars., Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures. Accepted to ApJ
Published: 2023
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23. Mid-infrared fine structure lines from the Galactic Warm Ionized Medium

Author: Kulkarni, S. R., Beichman, Charles, Ressler, Michael E., Kulkarni, S. R., Beichman, Charles, and Ressler, Michael E.
Abstract: Galaxy and occupies perhaps a quarter of the volume of the Galactic disk. Decoding the spectrum of the Galactic diffuse ionizing field is of fundamental interest. This can be done via direct measurements of ionization fractions of various elements. Based on current physical models for the WIM we predicted that mid-IR fine structure lines of Ne, Ar and S would be within the grasp of the Mid-Infrared Imager-Medium Resolution Spectrometer (MIRI-MRS), an Integral Field Unit (IFU) spectrograph, aboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Motivated thus we analyzed a pair of commissioning data sets and detected [NeII] 12.81 $\mu$m, [SIII] 18.71 $\mu$m and possibly [SIV] 10.51 $\mu$m. The inferred emission measure for these detections is about 10 ${\rm cm^{-6} pc}$, typical of the WIM. These detections are broadly consistent with expectations of physical models for the WIM. The current detections are limited by uncorrected fringing (and to a lesser extent by baseline variations). In due course, we expect, as with other IFUs, the calibration pipeline to deliver photon-noise-limited spectra. The detections reported here bode well for the study of the WIM. Along most lines-of-sight hour-long MIRI-MRS observations should detect line emission from the WIM. When combined with optical observations by modern IFUs with high spectral resolution on large ground-based telescopes, the ionization fraction and temperature of neon and sulfur can be robustly inferred. Separately, the ionization of helium in the WIM can be probed by NIRspec. Finally, joint JWST and optical IFU studies will open up a new cottage industry of studying the WIM on arcsecond scales., Comment: 17 pages, 15 Figures, 8 Tables
Published: 2023

24. Direct Imaging Explorations for Companions around Mid-Late M Stars from the Subaru/IRD Strategic Program

Author: Uyama, Taichi, Beichman, Charles, Kuzuhara, Masayuki, Janson, Markus, Kotani, Takayuki, Mawet, Dimitri, Sato, Bun'ei, Tamura, Motohide, Ishikawa, Hiroyuki Tako, Cale, Bryson, Currie, Thayne, Harakawa, Hiroki, Henning, Thomas, Hirano, Teruyuki, Hodapp, Klaus, Hori, Yasunori, Ishizuka, Masato, Jacobson, Shane, Kasagi, Yui, Kokubo, Eiichiro, Konishi, Mihoko, Kudo, Tomoyuki, Kurokawa, Takashi, Kusakabe, Nobuhiko, Kwon, Jungmi, Machida, Masahiro, Nakagawa, Takao, Narita, Norio, Nishikawa, Jun, Ogihara, Masahiro, Omiya, Masashi, Serizawa, Takuma, Ueda, Akitoshi, Vievard, Sebastien, Wang, Ji, Uyama, Taichi, Beichman, Charles, Kuzuhara, Masayuki, Janson, Markus, Kotani, Takayuki, Mawet, Dimitri, Sato, Bun'ei, Tamura, Motohide, Ishikawa, Hiroyuki Tako, Cale, Bryson, Currie, Thayne, Harakawa, Hiroki, Henning, Thomas, Hirano, Teruyuki, Hodapp, Klaus, Hori, Yasunori, Ishizuka, Masato, Jacobson, Shane, Kasagi, Yui, Kokubo, Eiichiro, Konishi, Mihoko, Kudo, Tomoyuki, Kurokawa, Takashi, Kusakabe, Nobuhiko, Kwon, Jungmi, Machida, Masahiro, Nakagawa, Takao, Narita, Norio, Nishikawa, Jun, Ogihara, Masahiro, Omiya, Masashi, Serizawa, Takuma, Ueda, Akitoshi, Vievard, Sebastien, and Wang, Ji
Abstract: The Subaru telescope is currently performing a strategic program (SSP) using the high-precision near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer IRD to search for exoplanets around nearby mid/late-M~dwarfs via radial velocity (RV) monitoring. As part of the observing strategy for the exoplanet survey, signatures of massive companions such as RV trends are used to reduce the priority of those stars. However, this RV information remains useful for studying the stellar multiplicity of nearby M~dwarfs. To search for companions around such ``deprioritized" M~dwarfs, we observed 14 IRD-SSP targets using Keck/NIRC2 observations with pyramid wavefront sensing at NIR wavelengths, leading to high sensitivity to substellar-mass companions within a few arcseconds. We detected two new companions (LSPM~J1002+1459~B and LSPM~J2204+1505~B) and two new candidates that are likely companions (LSPM~J0825+6902~B and LSPM~J1645+0444~B) as well as one known companion. Including two known companions resolved by the IRD fiber injection module camera, we detected seven (four new) companions at projected separations between $\sim2-20$~au in total. A comparison of the colors with the spectral library suggests that LSPM~J2204+1505~B and LSPM~J0825+6902~B are located at the boundary between late-M and early-L spectral types. Our deep high-contrast imaging for targets where no bright companions were resolved did not reveal any additional companion candidates. The NIRC2 detection limits could constrain potential substellar-mass companions ($\sim10-75\ M_{\rm Jup}$) at 10~au or further. The failure with Keck/NIRC2 around the IRD-SSP stars having significant RV trends makes these objects promising targets for further RV monitoring or deeper imaging with JWST to search for smaller-mass companions below the NIRC2 detection limits., Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in AJ
Published: 2023
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25. JWST Observations of the Enigmatic Y Dwarf WISE 1828+2650: I. Limits to a Binary Companion

Author: De Furio, Matthew, Lew, Ben W., Beichman, Charles A., Roellig, Thomas, Bryden, Geoffrey, Ciardi, David R., Meyer, Michael R., Rieke, Marcia J., Greenbaum, Alexandra Z., Leisenring, Jarron, Llop-Sayson, Jorge, Ygouf, Marie, Albert, Loïc, Boyer, Martha L., Eisenstein, Daniel J., Hodapp, Klaus W., Horner, Scott, Johnstone, Doug, Kelly, Douglas M., Misselt, Karl A., Rieke, George H., Stansberry, John A., Young, Erick T., De Furio, Matthew, Lew, Ben W., Beichman, Charles A., Roellig, Thomas, Bryden, Geoffrey, Ciardi, David R., Meyer, Michael R., Rieke, Marcia J., Greenbaum, Alexandra Z., Leisenring, Jarron, Llop-Sayson, Jorge, Ygouf, Marie, Albert, Loïc, Boyer, Martha L., Eisenstein, Daniel J., Hodapp, Klaus W., Horner, Scott, Johnstone, Doug, Kelly, Douglas M., Misselt, Karl A., Rieke, George H., Stansberry, John A., and Young, Erick T.
Abstract: The Y-dwarf WISE 1828+2650 is one of the coldest known Brown Dwarfs with an effective temperature of $\sim$300 K. Located at a distance of just 10 pc, previous model-based estimates suggest WISE1828+2650 has a mass of $\sim$5-10 Mj, making it a valuable laboratory for understanding the formation, evolution and physical characteristics of gas giant planets. However, previous photometry and spectroscopy have presented a puzzle with the near-impossibility of simultaneously fitting both the short (0.9-2.0 microns) and long wavelength (3-5 microns) data. A potential solution to this problem has been the suggestion that WISE 1828+2650 is a binary system whose composite spectrum might provide a better match to the data. Alternatively, new models being developed to fit JWST/NIRSpec and MIRI spectroscopy might provide new insights. This article describes JWST/NIRCam observations of WISE 1828+2650 in 6 filters to address the binarity question and to provide new photometry to be used in model fitting. We also report Adaptive Optics imaging with the Keck 10 m telescope. We find no evidence for multiplicity for a companion beyond 0.5 AU with either JWST or Keck. Companion articles will present low and high resolution spectra of WISE 1828+2650 obtained with both NIRSpec and MIRI., Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, Accepted by ApJ on Feb. 21 2023
Published: 2023
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26. OGLE-2017-BLG-1038: A Possible Brown-dwarf Binary Revealed by Spitzer Microlensing Parallax

Author: Malpas, Amber, Albrow, Michael D., Yee, Jennifer C., Gould, Andrew, Udalski, Andrzej, Martin, Antonio Herrera, Team, Spitzer, Beichman, Charles A., Bryden, Geoffery, Novati, Sebastiano Calchi, Carey, Sean, Henderson, Calen B., Gaudi, B. Scott, Shvartzvald, Yossi, Zhu, Wei, Collaboration, KMTNet, Cha, Sang-Mok, Chung, Sun-Ju, Han, Cheongho, Hwang, Kyu-Ha, Jung, Youn Kil, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Hyoun-Woo, Kim, Seung-Lee, Lee, Chung-Uk, Lee, Dong-Joo, Lee, Yongseok, Park, Byeong-Gon, Pogge, Richard W., Ryu, Yoon-Hyun, Shin, In-Gu, Zang, Weicheng, Collaboration, OGLE, Iwanek, Patryk, Kozlowski, Szymon, Mróz, Przemek, Pietrukowicz, Pawel, Poleski, Radoslaw, Rybicki, Krzysztof A., Skowron, Jan, Soszyński, Igor, Szymański, Michal K., Ulaczyk, Krzysztof, Malpas, Amber, Albrow, Michael D., Yee, Jennifer C., Gould, Andrew, Udalski, Andrzej, Martin, Antonio Herrera, Team, Spitzer, Beichman, Charles A., Bryden, Geoffery, Novati, Sebastiano Calchi, Carey, Sean, Henderson, Calen B., Gaudi, B. Scott, Shvartzvald, Yossi, Zhu, Wei, Collaboration, KMTNet, Cha, Sang-Mok, Chung, Sun-Ju, Han, Cheongho, Hwang, Kyu-Ha, Jung, Youn Kil, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Hyoun-Woo, Kim, Seung-Lee, Lee, Chung-Uk, Lee, Dong-Joo, Lee, Yongseok, Park, Byeong-Gon, Pogge, Richard W., Ryu, Yoon-Hyun, Shin, In-Gu, Zang, Weicheng, Collaboration, OGLE, Iwanek, Patryk, Kozlowski, Szymon, Mróz, Przemek, Pietrukowicz, Pawel, Poleski, Radoslaw, Rybicki, Krzysztof A., Skowron, Jan, Soszyński, Igor, Szymański, Michal K., and Ulaczyk, Krzysztof
Abstract: We report the analysis of microlensing event OGLE-2017-BLG-1038, observed by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment, Korean Microlensing Telescope Network, and Spitzer telescopes. The event is caused by a giant source star in the Galactic Bulge passing over a large resonant binary lens caustic. The availability of space-based data allows the full set of physical parameters to be calculated. However, there exists an eightfold degeneracy in the parallax measurement. The four best solutions correspond to very-low-mass binaries near ($M_1 = 170^{+40}_{-50} M_J$ and $M_2 = 110^{+20}_{-30} M_J$), or well below ($M_1 = 22.5^{+0.7}_{-0.4} M_J$ and $M_2 = 13.3^{+0.4}_{-0.3} M_J$) the boundary between stars and brown dwarfs. A conventional analysis, with scaled uncertainties for Spitzer data, implies a very-low-mass brown dwarf binary lens at a distance of 2 kpc. Compensating for systematic Spitzer errors using a Gaussian process model suggests that a higher mass M-dwarf binary at 6 kpc is equally likely. A Bayesian comparison based on a galactic model favors the larger-mass solutions. We demonstrate how this degeneracy can be resolved within the next ten years through infrared adaptive-optics imaging with a 40 m class telescope., Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2023
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27. First Observations of the Brown Dwarf HD 19467 B with JWST

Author: Greenbaum, Alexandra Z., Llop-Sayson, Jorge, Lew, Ben, Bryden, Geoffrey, Roellig, Thomas, Ygouf, Marie, Fulton, B. J., Hey, Daniel R., Huber, Daniel, Mukherjee, Sagnick, Meyer, Michael, Leisenring, Jarron, Rieke, Marcia, Boyer, Martha, Green, Joseph J., Kelly, Doug, Misselt, Karl, Serabyn, Eugene, Stansberry, John, Chu, Laurie E. U., De Furio, Matthew, Johnstone, Doug, Schlieder, Joshua E., Beichman, Charles, Greenbaum, Alexandra Z., Llop-Sayson, Jorge, Lew, Ben, Bryden, Geoffrey, Roellig, Thomas, Ygouf, Marie, Fulton, B. J., Hey, Daniel R., Huber, Daniel, Mukherjee, Sagnick, Meyer, Michael, Leisenring, Jarron, Rieke, Marcia, Boyer, Martha, Green, Joseph J., Kelly, Doug, Misselt, Karl, Serabyn, Eugene, Stansberry, John, Chu, Laurie E. U., De Furio, Matthew, Johnstone, Doug, Schlieder, Joshua E., and Beichman, Charles
Abstract: We observed HD 19467 B with JWST's NIRCam in six filters spanning 2.5-4.6 $\mu m$ with the Long Wavelength Bar coronagraph. The brown dwarf HD 19467 B was initially identified through a long-period trend in the radial velocity of G3V star HD 19467. HD 19467 B was subsequently detected via coronagraphic imaging and spectroscopy, and characterized as a late-T type brown dwarf with approximate temperature $\sim1000$K. We observed HD 19467 B as a part of the NIRCam GTO science program, demonstrating the first use of the NIRCam Long Wavelength Bar coronagraphic mask. The object was detected in all 6 filters (contrast levels of $2\times10^{-4}$ to $2\times10^{-5}$) at a separation of 1.6 arcsec using Angular Differential Imaging (ADI) and Synthetic Reference Differential Imaging (SynRDI). Due to a guidestar failure during acquisition of a pre-selected reference star, no reference star data was available for post-processing. However, RDI was successfully applied using synthetic Point Spread Functions (PSFs) developed from contemporaneous maps of the telescope's optical configuration. Additional radial velocity data (from Keck/HIRES) are used to constrain the orbit of HD 19467 B. Photometric data from TESS are used to constrain the properties of the host star, particularly its age. NIRCam photometry, spectra and photometry from literature, and improved stellar parameters are used in conjunction with recent spectral and evolutionary substellar models to derive physical properties for HD 19467 B. Using an age of 9.4$\pm$0.9 Gyr inferred from spectroscopy, Gaia astrometry, and TESS asteroseismology, we obtain a model-derived mass of 62$\pm 1M_{J}$, which is consistent within 2-$\sigma$ with the dynamically derived mass of 81$^{+14}_{-12}M_{J}$., Comment: 21 pages, 19 figures. Accepted to AAS Journals
Published: 2023
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28. Calibration Unit Design for High-Resolution Infrared Spectrograph for Exoplanet Characterization (HISPEC)

Author: Sappey, Ben, Konopacky, Quinn, Jovanovic, Nemanja, Baker, Ashley, Maire, Jerome, Halverson, Samuel, Mawet, Dimitri, Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Bertz, Rob, Fitzgerald, Michael, Beichman, Charles, Ruane, Garreth, Kassis, Marc, Johnson, Chris, Magnone, Ken, Team, HISPEC, Sappey, Ben, Konopacky, Quinn, Jovanovic, Nemanja, Baker, Ashley, Maire, Jerome, Halverson, Samuel, Mawet, Dimitri, Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Bertz, Rob, Fitzgerald, Michael, Beichman, Charles, Ruane, Garreth, Kassis, Marc, Johnson, Chris, Magnone, Ken, and Team, HISPEC
Abstract: The latest generation of high-resolution spectrograph instruments on 10m-class telescopes continue to pursue challenging science cases. Consequently, ever more precise calibration methods are necessary to enable trail-blazing science methodology. We present the High-resolution Infrared SPectrograph for Exoplanet Characterization (HISPEC) Calibration Unit (CAL), designed to facilitate challenging science cases such as Doppler imaging of exoplanet atmospheres, precision radial velocity, and high-contrast high-resolution spectroscopy of nearby exoplanets. CAL builds upon the heritage from the pathfinder instrument Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) and utilizes four near-infrared (NIR) light sources encoded with wavelength information that are coupled into single-mode fibers. They can be used synchronously during science observations or asynchronously during daytime calibrations. A hollow cathode lamp (HCL) and a series of gas absorption cells provide absolute calibration from 0.98 {\mu}m to 2.5 {\mu}m. A laser frequency comb (LFC) provides stable, time-independent wavelength information during observation and CAL implements a lower finesse astro-etalon as a backup for the LFC. Design lessons from instrumentation like HISPEC will serve to inform the requirements for similar instruments for the ELTs in the future., Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2023

29. 2023 Astrophotonics Roadmap: pathways to realizing multi-functional integrated astrophotonic instruments

Author: Jovanovic, Nemanja, Gatkine, Pradip, Anugu, Narsireddy, Amezcua-Correa, Rodrigo, Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Beichman, Charles, Bender, Chad, Berger, Jean-Philippe, Bigioli, Azzurra, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Bourdarot, Guillaume, Bradford, Charles M., Broeke, Ronald, Bryant, Julia, Bundy, Kevin, Cheriton, Ross, Cvetojevic, Nick, Diab, Momen, Diddams, Scott A., Dinkelaker, Aline N., Duis, Jeroen, Eikenberry, Stephen, Ellis, Simon, Endo, Akira, Figer, Donald F., Fitzgerald, Michael, Gris-Sanchez, Itandehui, Gross, Simon, Grossard, Ludovic, Guyon, Olivier, Haffert, Sebastiaan Y., Halverson, Samuel, Harris, Robert J., He, Jinping, Herr, Tobias, Hottinger, Philipp, Huby, Elsa, Ireland, Michael, Jenson-Clem, Rebecca, Jewell, Jeffrey, Jocou, Laurent, Kraus, Stefan, Labadie, Lucas, Lacour, Sylvestre, Laugier, Romain, Ławniczuk, Katarzyna, Lin, Jonathan, Leifer, Stephanie, Leon-Sava, Sergio, Martin, Guillermo, Martinache, Frantz, Martinod, Marc-Antoine, Mazin, Benjamin A., Minardi, Stefano, Monnier, John D., Moreira, Reinan, Mourard, Denis, Nayak, Abani Shankar, Norris, Barnaby, Obrzud, Ewelina, Perraut, Karine, Reynaud, François, Sallum, Steph, Schiminovich, David, Schwab, Christian, Serbayn, Eugene, Soliman, Sherif, Stoll, Andreas, Tang, Liang, Tuthill, Peter, Vahala, Kerry, Vasisht, Gautam, Veilleux, Sylvain, Walter, Alexander B., Wollack, Edward J., Xin, Yinzi, Yang, Zongyin, Yerolatsitis, Stephanos, Zhang, Yang, Zou, Chang-Ling, Jovanovic, Nemanja, Gatkine, Pradip, Anugu, Narsireddy, Amezcua-Correa, Rodrigo, Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Beichman, Charles, Bender, Chad, Berger, Jean-Philippe, Bigioli, Azzurra, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Bourdarot, Guillaume, Bradford, Charles M., Broeke, Ronald, Bryant, Julia, Bundy, Kevin, Cheriton, Ross, Cvetojevic, Nick, Diab, Momen, Diddams, Scott A., Dinkelaker, Aline N., Duis, Jeroen, Eikenberry, Stephen, Ellis, Simon, Endo, Akira, Figer, Donald F., Fitzgerald, Michael, Gris-Sanchez, Itandehui, Gross, Simon, Grossard, Ludovic, Guyon, Olivier, Haffert, Sebastiaan Y., Halverson, Samuel, Harris, Robert J., He, Jinping, Herr, Tobias, Hottinger, Philipp, Huby, Elsa, Ireland, Michael, Jenson-Clem, Rebecca, Jewell, Jeffrey, Jocou, Laurent, Kraus, Stefan, Labadie, Lucas, Lacour, Sylvestre, Laugier, Romain, Ławniczuk, Katarzyna, Lin, Jonathan, Leifer, Stephanie, Leon-Sava, Sergio, Martin, Guillermo, Martinache, Frantz, Martinod, Marc-Antoine, Mazin, Benjamin A., Minardi, Stefano, Monnier, John D., Moreira, Reinan, Mourard, Denis, Nayak, Abani Shankar, Norris, Barnaby, Obrzud, Ewelina, Perraut, Karine, Reynaud, François, Sallum, Steph, Schiminovich, David, Schwab, Christian, Serbayn, Eugene, Soliman, Sherif, Stoll, Andreas, Tang, Liang, Tuthill, Peter, Vahala, Kerry, Vasisht, Gautam, Veilleux, Sylvain, Walter, Alexander B., Wollack, Edward J., Xin, Yinzi, Yang, Zongyin, Yerolatsitis, Stephanos, Zhang, Yang, and Zou, Chang-Ling
Abstract: Photonics offer numerous functionalities that can be used to realize astrophotonic instruments. The most spectacular example to date is the ESO Gravity instrument at the Very Large Telescope in Chile. Integrated astrophotonic devices stand to offer critical advantages for instrument development, including extreme miniaturization, as well as integration, superior thermal and mechanical stabilization owing to the small footprint, and high replicability offering cost savings. Numerous astrophotonic technologies have been developed to address shortcomings of conventional instruments to date, including for example the development of photonic lanterns, complex aperiodic fiber Bragg gratings, complex beam combiners to enable long baseline interferometry, and laser frequency combs for high precision spectral calibration of spectrometers. Despite these successes, the facility implementation of photonic solutions in astronomical instrumentation is currently limited because of (1) low throughputs from coupling to fibers, coupling fibers to chips, propagation and bend losses, device losses, etc, (2) difficulties with scaling to large channel count devices needed for large bandwidths and high resolutions, and (3) efficient integration of photonics with detectors, to name a few. In this roadmap, we identify 24 areas that need further development. We outline the challenges and advances needed across those areas covering design tools, simulation capabilities, fabrication processes, the need for entirely new components, integration and hybridization and the characterization of devices. To realize these advances the astrophotonics community will have to work cooperatively with industrial partners who have more advanced manufacturing capabilities. With the advances described herein, multi-functional instruments will be realized leading to novel observing capabilities for both ground and space platforms., Comment: 191 pages, 47 figures. This is the version of the article before peer review or editing, as submitted by an author to J. Phys. Photonics. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2515-7647/ace869/meta
Published: 2023
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30. Searching for Planets Orbiting Fomalhaut with JWST/NIRCam

Author: Ygouf, Marie, Beichman, Charles, Llop-Sayson, Jorge, Bryden, Geoffrey, Leisenring, Jarron, Gaspar, Andras, Krist, John, Rieke, Marcia, Rieke, George, Wolff, Schuyler, Roellig, Thomas, Su, Kate, Hainline, Kevin, Hodapp, Klaus, Greene, Thomas, Meyer, Michael, Kelly, Doug, Misselt, Karl, Stansberry, John, Boyer, Martha, Johnstone, Doug, Horner, Scott, Greenbaum, Alexandra, Ygouf, Marie, Beichman, Charles, Llop-Sayson, Jorge, Bryden, Geoffrey, Leisenring, Jarron, Gaspar, Andras, Krist, John, Rieke, Marcia, Rieke, George, Wolff, Schuyler, Roellig, Thomas, Su, Kate, Hainline, Kevin, Hodapp, Klaus, Greene, Thomas, Meyer, Michael, Kelly, Doug, Misselt, Karl, Stansberry, John, Boyer, Martha, Johnstone, Doug, Horner, Scott, and Greenbaum, Alexandra
Abstract: We report observations with the JWST/NIRCam coronagraph of the Fomalhaut system. This nearby A star hosts a complex debris disk system discovered by the IRAS satellite. Observations in F444W and F356W filters using the round 430R mask achieve a contrast ratio of ~ 4 x 10-7 at 1'' and ~ 4 x 10-8 outside of 3''. These observations reach a sensitivity limit <1 MJup across most of the disk region. Consistent with the hypothesis that Fomalhaut b is not a massive planet but is a dust cloud from a planetesimal collision, we do not detect it in either F356W or F444W (the latter band where a Jovian-sized planet should be bright). We have reliably detected 10 sources in and around Fomalhaut and its debris disk, all but one of which are coincident with Keck or HST sources seen in earlier coronagraphic imaging; we show them to be background objects, including the "Great Dust Cloud" identified in MIRI data. However, one of the objects, located at the edge of the inner dust disk seen in the MIRI images, has no obvious counterpart in imaging at earlier epochs and has a relatively red [F356W]-[F444W]>0.7 mag (Vega) color. Whether this object is a background galaxy, brown dwarf, or a Jovian mass planet in the Fomalhaut system will be determined by an approved Cycle 2 follow-up program. Finally, we set upper limits to any scattered light from the outer ring, placing a weak limit on the dust albedo at F356W and F444W., Comment: 24 pages, 17 figures
Published: 2023

31. The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Author: Gardner, Jonathan P., Mather, John C., Abbott, Randy, Abell, James S., Abernathy, Mark, Abney, Faith E., Abraham, John G., Abraham, Roberto, Abul-huda, Yasin M., Acton, Scott, Adams, Cynthia K., Adams, Evan, Adler, David S., Adriaensen, Maarten, Aguilar, Jonathan Albert, Ahmed, Mansoor, Ahmed, Nasif S., Ahmed, Tanjira, Albat, Rüdeger, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Mary Marsha, Allen, Shaune S., Altenburg, Martin, Altunc, Serhat, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Álvarez-márquez, Javier, De Oliveira, Catarina Alves, Ambrose, Leslie L., Anandakrishnan, Satya M., Andersen, Gregory C., Anderson, Harry James, Anderson, Jay, Anderson, Kristen, Anderson, Sara M., Aprea, Julio, Archer, Benita J., Arenberg, Jonathan W., Argyriou, Ioannis, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Étienne, Arvai, Amanda Rose, Atcheson, Paul, Atkinson, Charles B., Averbukh, Jesse, Aymergen, Cagatay, Bacinski, John J., Baggett, Wayne E., Bagnasco, Giorgio, Baker, Lynn L., Balzano, Vicki Ann, Banks, Kimberly A., Baran, David A., Barker, Elizabeth A., Barrett, Larry K., Barringer, Bruce O., Barto, Allison, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Baum, Stefi, Beatty, Thomas G., Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bechtold, Kathryn, Beck, Tracy, Beddard, Megan M., Beichman, Charles, Bellagama, Larry, Bely, Pierre, Berger, Timothy W., Bergeron, Louis E., Bernier, Antoine-darveau, Bertch, Maria D., Beskow, Charlotte, Betz, Laura E., Biagetti, Carl P., Birkmann, Stephan, Bjorklund, Kurt F., Blackwood, James D., Blazek, Ronald Paul, Blossfeld, Stephen, Bluth, Marcel, Boccaletti, Anthony, Boegner Jr, Martin E., Bohlin, Ralph C., Boia, John Joseph, Böker, Torsten, Bonaventura, N., Bond, Nicholas A., Bosley, Kari Ann, Boucarut, Rene A., Bouchet, Patrice, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Ariel S., Bowers, Charles W., Boyce, Leslye A., Boyer, Christine T., Boyer, Martha L., Boyer, Michael, Boyer, Robert, Bradley, Larry D., Brady, Gregory R., Brandl, Bernhard R., Brannen, Judith L., Breda, David, Bremmer, Harold G., Brennan, David, Bresnahan, Pamela A., Bright, Stacey N., Broiles, Brian J., Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian H., Brooks, Keira J., Brown, Bob, Brown, Bruce, Brown, Thomas M., Bruce, Barry W., Bryson, Jonathan G., Bujanda, Edwin D., Bullock, Blake M., Bunker, A. J., Bureo, Rafael, Burt, Irving J., Bush, James Aaron, Bushouse, Howard A., Bussman, Marie C., Cabaud, Olivier, Cale, Steven, Calhoon, Charles D., Calvani, Humberto, Canipe, Alicia M., Caputo, Francis M., Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Case, Michael Eli, Cesari, Thaddeus, Cetorelli, Lee D., Chance, Don R., Chandler, Lynn, Chaney, Dave, Chapman, George N., Charlot, S., Chayer, Pierre, Cheezum, Jeffrey I., Chen, Bin, Chen, Christine H., Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah C., Chilton, Zachary S., Chittiraibalan, Dharini, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles R., Clark, Kerry W., Clark, Stephanie M., Claybrooks, Edward E., Cleveland, Keith A., Cohen, Andrew L., Cohen, Lester M., Colón, Knicole D., Coleman, Benee L., Colina, Luis, Comber, Brian J., Comeau, Thomas M., Comer, Thomas, Reis, Alain Conde, Connolly, Dennis C., Conroy, Kyle E., Contos, Adam R., Contreras, James, Cook, Neil J., Cooper, James L., Cooper, Rachel Aviva, Correia, Michael F., Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Costanza, Brian F., Coulais, Alain, Cox, Colin R., Coyle, Ray T., Cracraft, Misty M., Crew, Keith A., Curtis, Gary J., Cusveller, Bianca, Maciel, Cleyciane Da Costa, Dailey, Christopher T., Daugeron, Frédéric, Davidson, Greg S., Davies, James E., Davis, Katherine Anne, Davis, Michael S., Day, Ratna, De Chambure, Daniel, De Jong, Pauline, De Marchi, Guido, Dean, Bruce H., Decker, John E., Delisa, Amy S., Dell, Lawrence C., Dellagatta, Gail, Dembinska, Franciszka, Demosthenes, Sandor, Dencheva, Nadezhda M., Deneu, Philippe, Depriest, William W., Deschenes, Jeremy, Dethienne, Nathalie, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa Izela, Dicken, Daniel, Difelice, Audrey S., Dillman, Matthew, Disharoon, Maureen O., Dixon, William V., Doggett, Jesse B., Dominguez, Keisha L., Donaldson, Thomas S., Doria-warner, Cristina M., Santos, Tony Dos, Doty, Heather, Douglas, Jr, Robert E., Doyon, René, Dressler, Alan, Driggers, Jennifer, Driggers, Phillip A., Dunn, Jamie L., Duprie, Kimberly C., Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Dutta, Sanghamitra B., Earl, Nicholas M., Eccleston, Paul, Ecobichon, Pascal, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan D., Eisenhower, Michael, Eisenstein, Daniel J., El Hamel, Zaky, Elie, Michelle L., Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle Wesley, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Néstor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Evans, Leah, Fabreguettes, Luce, Falcolini, Massimo, Falini, Patrick R., Fatig, Curtis, Feeney, Matthew, Feinberg, Lee D., Fels, Raymond, Ferdous, Nazma, Ferguson, Henry C., Ferrarese, Laura, Ferreira, Marie-héléne, Ferruit, Pierre, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph Charles, Firre, Daniel, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Flanagan, Kathryn A., Fleming, Scott W., Florian, Michael, Flynn, James R., Foiadelli, Luca, Fontaine, Mark R., Fontanella, Erin Marie, Forshay, Peter Randolph, Fortner, Elizabeth A., Fox, Ori D., Framarini, Alexandro P., Francisco, John I., Franck, Randy, Franx, Marijn, Franz, David E., Friedman, Scott D., Friend, Katheryn E., Frost, James R., Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander W., Gaillard, Lionel, Galkin, Sergey, Gallagher, Ben, Galyer, Anthony D., García Marín, Macarena, Gardner, Lisa E., Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce Albert, Gasman, Danny, Gáspár, András, Gastaud, René, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter Timothy, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul H., Gennaro, Mario, Gerber, John, Gereau, John C., Giampaoli, Robert, Giardino, Giovanna, Gibbons, Paul C., Gilbert, Karoline, Gilman, Larry, Girard, Julien H., Giuliano, Mark E., Gkountis, Konstantinos, Glasse, Alistair, Glassmire, Kirk Zachary, Glauser, Adrian Michael, Glazer, Stuart D., Goldberg, Joshua, Golimowski, David A., Gonzaga, Shireen P., Gordon, Karl D., Gordon, Shawn J., Goudfrooij, Paul, Gough, Michael J., Graham, Adrian J., Grau, Christopher M., Green, Joel David, Greene, Gretchen R., Greene, Thomas P., Greenfield, Perry E., Greenhouse, Matthew A., Greve, Thomas R., Greville, Edgar M., Grimaldi, Stefano, Groe, Frank E., Groebner, Andrew, Grumm, David M., Grundy, Timothy, Güdel, Manuel, Guillard, Pierre, Guldalian, John, Gunn, Christopher A., Gurule, Anthony, Gutman, Irvin Meyer, Guy, Paul D., Guyot, Benjamin, Hack, Warren J., Haderlein, Peter, Hagan, James B., Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest Clifford, Hammann, Jeffrey, Hammel, Heidi B., Hanley, Christopher J., Hansen, Carl August, Hardy, Bruce, Harnisch, Bernd, Harr, Michael Hunter, Harris, Pamela, Hart, Jessica Ann, Hartig, George F., Hasan, Hashima, Hashim, Kathleen Marie, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee J., Hawkins, Robert Edward, Hayden, Brian, Hayden, William L., Healy, Mike, Hecht, Karen, Heeg, Vince J., Hejal, Reem, Helm, Kristopher A., Hengemihle, Nicholas J., Henning, Thomas, Henry, Alaina, Henry, Ronald L., Henshaw, Katherine, Hernandez, Scarlin, Herrington, Donald C., Heske, Astrid, Hesman, Brigette Emily, Hickey, David L., Hilbert, Bryan N., Hines, Dean C., Hinz, Michael R., Hirsch, Michael, Hitcho, Robert S., Hodapp, Klaus, Hodge, Philip E., Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie T., Holler, Bryan Jason, Hoppa, Jennifer Rose, Horner, Scott, Howard, Joseph M., Howard, Richard J., Huber, Jean M., Hunkeler, Joseph S., Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David Gavin, Hurd, Spencer W., Hurst, Brendan J., Hutchings, John B., Hylan, Jason E., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra M., Isaacs Iii, John C., Jackson Jr, Wallace C., Jaffe, Daniel T., Jahic, Jasmin, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, Bryan, James, John C., James, Leandrea Rae, Jamieson, William Brian, Jandra, Raymond D., Jayawardhana, Ray, Jedrzejewski, Robert, Jeffers, Basil S., Jensen, Peter, Joanne, Egges, Johns, Alan T., Johnson, Carl A., Johnson, Eric L., Johnson, Patricia, Johnson, Phillip Stephen, Johnson, Thomas K., Johnson, Timothy W., Johnstone, Doug, Jollet, Delphine, Jones, Danny P., Jones, Gregory S., Jones, Olivia C., Jones, Ronald A., Jones, Vicki, Jordan, Ian J., Jordan, Margaret E., Jue, Reginald, Jurkowski, Mark H., Justis, Grant, Justtanont, Kay, Kaleida, Catherine C., Kalirai, Jason S., Kalmanson, Phillip Cabrales, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Kammerer, Jens, Kan, Samuel K., Kanarek, Graham Childs, Kao, Shaw-hong, Karakla, Diane M., Karl, Hermann, Kassin, Susan A., Kauffman, David D., Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelley, Leigh L., Kelly, Douglas M., Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert V., Kenny, Deborah A., Keski-kuha, Ritva A., Keyes, Charles D., Khan, Ali, Kidwell, Richard C., Kimble, Randy A., King, James S., King, Richard C., Kinzel, Wayne M., Kirk, Jeffrey R., Kirkpatrick, Marc E., Klaassen, Pamela, Klingemann, Lana, Klintworth, Paul U., Knapp, Bryan Adam, Knight, Scott, Knollenberg, Perry J., Knutsen, Daniel Mark, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton M., Kofler, Earl T., Kontson, Vicki L., Kovacs, Aiden Rose, Kozhurina-platais, Vera, Krause, Oliver, Kriss, Gerard A., Krist, John, Kristoffersen, Monica R., Krogel, Claudia, Krueger, Anthony P., Kulp, Bernard A., Kumari, Nimisha, Kwan, Sandy W., Kyprianou, Mark, Labador, Aurora Gadiano, Labiano, Álvaro, Lafrenière, David, Lagage, Pierre-olivier, Laidler, Victoria G., Laine, Benoit, Laird, Simon, Lajoie, Charles-philippe, Lallo, Matthew D., Lam, May Yen, Lamassa, Stephanie Marie, Lambros, Scott D., Lampenfield, Richard Joseph, Lander, Matthew Ed, Langston, James Hutton, Larson, Kirsten, Larson, Melora, Laverghetta, Robert Joseph, Law, David R., Lawrence, Jon F., Lee, David W., Lee, Janice, Lee, Yat-ning Paul, Leisenring, Jarron, Leveille, Michael Dunlap, Levenson, Nancy A., Levi, Joshua S., Levine, Marie B., Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Jake, Lewis, Nikole, Libralato, Mattia, Lidon, Norbert, Liebrecht, Paula Louisa, Lightsey, Paul, Lilly, Simon, Lim, Frederick C., Lim, Pey Lian, Ling, Sai-kwong, Link, Lisa J., Link, Miranda Nicole, Lipinski, Jamie L., Liu, Xiaoli, Lo, Amy S., Lobmeyer, Lynette, Logue, Ryan M., Long, Chris A., Long, Douglas R., Long, Ilana D., Long, Knox S., López-caniego, Marcos, Lotz, Jennifer M., Love-pruitt, Jennifer M., Lubskiy, Michael, Luers, Edward B., Luetgens, Robert A., Luevano, Annetta J., G. Flores Lui, Sarah Marie, Lund Iii, James M., Lundquist, Ray A., Lunine, Jonathan, Lützgendorf, Nora, Lynch, Richard J., Macdonald, Alex J., Macdonald, Kenneth, Macias, Matthew J., Macklis, Keith I., Maghami, Peiman, Maharaja, Rishabh Y., Maiolino, Roberto, Makrygiannis, Konstantinos G., Malla, Sunita Giri, Malumuth, Eliot M., Manjavacas, Elena, Marini, Andrea, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André R, Martin, Didier, Martin, Peter G., Martinez, Kristin L., Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory L., Masetti, Margaret E., Maszkiewicz, Michael, Matthews, Gary, Matuskey, Jacob E., Mcbrayer, Glen A., Mccarthy, Donald W., Mccaughrean, Mark J., Mcclare, Leslie A., Mcclare, Michael D., Mccloskey, John C., Mcclurg, Taylore D., Mccoy, Martin, Mcelwain, Michael W., Mcgregor, Roy D., Mcguffey, Douglas B., Mckay, Andrew G., Mckenzie, William K., Mclean, Brian, Mcmaster, Matthew, Mcneil, Warren, De Meester, Wim, Mehalick, Kimberly L., Meixner, Margaret, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael P., Menzel, Michael T., Merz, Matthew, Mesterharm, David D., Meyer, Michael R., Meyett, Michele L., Meza, Luis E., Midwinter, Calvin, Milam, Stefanie N., Miller, Jay Todd, Miller, William C., Miskey, Cherie L., Misselt, Karl, Mitchell, Eileen P., Mohan, Martin, Montoya, Emily E., Moran, Michael J., Morishita, Takahiro, Moro-martín, Amaya, Morrison, Debra L., Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie C., Moschos, Michael, Moseley, S. H., Mosier, Gary E., Mosner, Peter, Mountain, Matt, Muckenthaler, Jason S., Mueller, Donald G., Mueller, Migo, Muhiem, Daniella, Mühlmann, Prisca, Mullally, Susan Elizabeth, Mullen, Stephanie M., Munger, Alan J, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine T., Muzerolle, James C., Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Andrew, Myers, Carey R., R. Myers, Fred Richard, Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nagle, Iv, Adrian F., Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Neff, Susan G., Nelan, Edmund P., Nella, John, Nguyen, Duy Tuong, Nguyen, Michael N., Nickson, Bryony, Nidhiry, John Joseph, Niedner, Malcolm B., Nieto-santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Nishisaka, Mary Ann, Noriega-crespo, Alberto, Nota, Antonella, O’mara, Robyn C., Oboryshko, Michael, O’brien, Marcus B., Ochs, William R., Offenberg, Joel D., Ogle, Patrick Michael, Ohl, Raymond G., Olmsted, Joseph Hamden, Osborne, Shannon Barbara, O’shaughnessy, Brian Patrick, Östlin, Göran, O’sullivan, Brian, Otor, O. Justin, Ottens, Richard, Ouellette, Nathalie N.-q., Outlaw, Daria J., Owens, Beverly A., Pacifici, Camilla, Page, James Christophe, Paranilam, James G., Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith A., Paschal, Laura, Patapis, Polychronis, Patel, Jignasha, Patrick, Keith, Pattishall Jr, Robert A., Paul, Douglas William, Paul, Shirley J., Pauly, Tyler Andrew, Pavlovsky, Cheryl M., Peña-guerrero, Maria, Pedder, Andrew H., Peek, Matthew Weldon, Pelham, Patricia A., Penanen, Konstantin, Perriello, Beth A., Perrin, Marshall D., Perrine, Richard F., Perrygo, Chuck, Peslier, Muriel, Petach, Michael, Peterson, Karla A., Pfarr, Tom, Pierson, James M., Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pilchen, Guy, Pipher, Judy L., Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph T., Player, Danielle M., Plesha, Rachel, Plitzke, Anja, Pohner, John A., Poletis, Karyn Konstantin, Pollizzi, Joseph A., Polster, Ethan, Pontius, James T., Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porges, Susana C., Potter, Gregg D., Prescott, Stephen, Proffitt, Charles R., Pueyo, Laurent, Quispe Neira, Irma Aracely, Radich, Armando, Rager, Reiko T., Rameau, Julien, Ramey, Deborah D., Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Rampini, Riccardo, Rapp, Robert, Rashford, Robert A., Rauscher, Bernard J., Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Rawlings, Tynika N., Ray, Tom, Regan, Michael W., Rehm, Brian, Rehm, Kenneth D., Reid, Neill, Reis, Carl A., Renk, Florian, Reoch, Tom B., Ressler, Michael, Rest, Armin W., Reynolds, Paul J., Richon, Joel G., Richon, Karen V., Ridgaway, Michael, Riedel, Adric Richard, Rieke, George H., Rieke, Marcia J., Rifelli, Richard E., Rigby, Jane R., Riggs, Catherine S., Ringel, Nancy J., Ritchie, Christine E., Rix, Hans-walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Gregory L., Robinson, Michael S., Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank W., Rodriguez, David R., Del Pino, Bruno Rodríguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott O., Roman, Anthony J., Romelfanger, Frederick J., Romo Jr, Felipe P., Rosales, Jose J., Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony F., Roth, Marc N., Rothwell, Braden Quinn, Rouzaud, Sylvain, Rowe, Jason, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Rumpl, William, Russ, Melissa L., Ryan, Michael B., Ryan, Richard M., Saad, Karl, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatino, Rick, Sabbi, Elena, Sabelhaus, Phillip A., Sabia, Stephen, Sahu, Kailash C., Saif, Babak N., Salvignol, Jean-christophe, Samara-ratna, Piyal, Samuelson, Bridget S., Sanders, Felicia A., Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B. A., Sauer, Arne, Savadkin, Bruce J., Sawicki, Marcin, Schappell, Tina M., Scheffer, Caroline, Scheithauer, Silvia, Scherer, Ron, Schiff, Conrad, Schlawin, Everett, Schmeitzky, Olivier, Schmitz, Tyler S., Schmude, Donald J., Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schroeven-deceuninck, Hilde, Schultz, John J., Schwab, Ryan, Schwartz, Curtis H., Scoccimarro, Dario, Scott, John F., Scott, Michelle B., Seaton, Bonita L., Seely, Bruce S., Seery, Bernard, Seidleck, Mark, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare Elizabeth, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard A., Shay, Christopher Michael, Sheehan, Even, Sheth, Kartik, Shih, Hsin-yi, Shivaei, Irene, Siegel, Noah, Sienkiewicz, Matthew G., Simmons, Debra D., Simon, Bernard P., Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Slade, Jeffrey E., Sloan, G. 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Philip E., Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie T., Holler, Bryan Jason, Hoppa, Jennifer Rose, Horner, Scott, Howard, Joseph M., Howard, Richard J., Huber, Jean M., Hunkeler, Joseph S., Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David Gavin, Hurd, Spencer W., Hurst, Brendan J., Hutchings, John B., Hylan, Jason E., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra M., Isaacs Iii, John C., Jackson Jr, Wallace C., Jaffe, Daniel T., Jahic, Jasmin, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, Bryan, James, John C., James, Leandrea Rae, Jamieson, William Brian, Jandra, Raymond D., Jayawardhana, Ray, Jedrzejewski, Robert, Jeffers, Basil S., Jensen, Peter, Joanne, Egges, Johns, Alan T., Johnson, Carl A., Johnson, Eric L., Johnson, Patricia, Johnson, Phillip Stephen, Johnson, Thomas K., Johnson, Timothy W., Johnstone, Doug, Jollet, Delphine, Jones, Danny P., Jones, Gregory S., Jones, Olivia C., Jones, Ronald A., Jones, Vicki, Jordan, Ian J., Jordan, Margaret E., Jue, Reginald, Jurkowski, Mark H., Justis, Grant, Justtanont, Kay, Kaleida, Catherine C., Kalirai, Jason S., Kalmanson, Phillip Cabrales, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Kammerer, Jens, Kan, Samuel K., Kanarek, Graham Childs, Kao, Shaw-hong, Karakla, Diane M., Karl, Hermann, Kassin, Susan A., Kauffman, David D., Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelley, Leigh L., Kelly, Douglas M., Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert V., Kenny, Deborah A., Keski-kuha, Ritva A., Keyes, Charles D., Khan, Ali, Kidwell, Richard C., Kimble, Randy A., King, James S., King, Richard C., Kinzel, Wayne M., Kirk, Jeffrey R., Kirkpatrick, Marc E., Klaassen, Pamela, Klingemann, Lana, Klintworth, Paul U., Knapp, Bryan Adam, Knight, Scott, Knollenberg, Perry J., Knutsen, Daniel Mark, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton M., Kofler, Earl T., Kontson, Vicki L., Kovacs, Aiden Rose, Kozhurina-platais, Vera, Krause, Oliver, Kriss, Gerard A., Krist, John, Kristoffersen, Monica R., Krogel, Claudia, Krueger, Anthony P., Kulp, Bernard A., Kumari, Nimisha, Kwan, Sandy W., Kyprianou, Mark, Labador, 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Luers, Edward B., Luetgens, Robert A., Luevano, Annetta J., G. Flores Lui, Sarah Marie, Lund Iii, James M., Lundquist, Ray A., Lunine, Jonathan, Lützgendorf, Nora, Lynch, Richard J., Macdonald, Alex J., Macdonald, Kenneth, Macias, Matthew J., Macklis, Keith I., Maghami, Peiman, Maharaja, Rishabh Y., Maiolino, Roberto, Makrygiannis, Konstantinos G., Malla, Sunita Giri, Malumuth, Eliot M., Manjavacas, Elena, Marini, Andrea, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André R, Martin, Didier, Martin, Peter G., Martinez, Kristin L., Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory L., Masetti, Margaret E., Maszkiewicz, Michael, Matthews, Gary, Matuskey, Jacob E., Mcbrayer, Glen A., Mccarthy, Donald W., Mccaughrean, Mark J., Mcclare, Leslie A., Mcclare, Michael D., Mccloskey, John C., Mcclurg, Taylore D., Mccoy, Martin, Mcelwain, Michael W., Mcgregor, Roy D., Mcguffey, Douglas B., Mckay, Andrew G., Mckenzie, William K., Mclean, Brian, Mcmaster, Matthew, Mcneil, Warren, De Meester, Wim, Mehalick, Kimberly L., Meixner, Margaret, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael P., Menzel, Michael T., Merz, Matthew, Mesterharm, David D., Meyer, Michael R., Meyett, Michele L., Meza, Luis E., Midwinter, Calvin, Milam, Stefanie N., Miller, Jay Todd, Miller, William C., Miskey, Cherie L., Misselt, Karl, Mitchell, Eileen P., Mohan, Martin, Montoya, Emily E., Moran, Michael J., Morishita, Takahiro, Moro-martín, Amaya, Morrison, Debra L., Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie C., Moschos, Michael, Moseley, S. H., Mosier, Gary E., Mosner, Peter, Mountain, Matt, Muckenthaler, Jason S., Mueller, Donald G., Mueller, Migo, Muhiem, Daniella, Mühlmann, Prisca, Mullally, Susan Elizabeth, Mullen, Stephanie M., Munger, Alan J, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine T., Muzerolle, James C., Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Andrew, Myers, Carey R., R. Myers, Fred Richard, Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nagle, Iv, Adrian F., Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Neff, Susan G., Nelan, Edmund P., Nella, John, Nguyen, Duy Tuong, Nguyen, Michael N., Nickson, Bryony, Nidhiry, John Joseph, Niedner, Malcolm B., Nieto-santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Nishisaka, Mary Ann, Noriega-crespo, Alberto, Nota, Antonella, O’mara, Robyn C., Oboryshko, Michael, O’brien, Marcus B., Ochs, William R., Offenberg, Joel D., Ogle, Patrick Michael, Ohl, Raymond G., Olmsted, Joseph Hamden, Osborne, Shannon Barbara, O’shaughnessy, Brian Patrick, Östlin, Göran, O’sullivan, Brian, Otor, O. Justin, Ottens, Richard, Ouellette, Nathalie N.-q., Outlaw, Daria J., Owens, Beverly A., Pacifici, Camilla, Page, James Christophe, Paranilam, James G., Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith A., Paschal, Laura, Patapis, Polychronis, Patel, Jignasha, Patrick, Keith, Pattishall Jr, Robert A., Paul, Douglas William, Paul, Shirley J., Pauly, Tyler Andrew, Pavlovsky, Cheryl M., Peña-guerrero, Maria, Pedder, Andrew H., Peek, Matthew Weldon, Pelham, Patricia A., Penanen, Konstantin, Perriello, Beth A., Perrin, Marshall D., Perrine, Richard F., Perrygo, Chuck, Peslier, Muriel, Petach, Michael, Peterson, Karla A., Pfarr, Tom, Pierson, James M., Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pilchen, Guy, Pipher, Judy L., Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph T., Player, Danielle M., Plesha, Rachel, Plitzke, Anja, Pohner, John A., Poletis, Karyn Konstantin, Pollizzi, Joseph A., Polster, Ethan, Pontius, James T., Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porges, Susana C., Potter, Gregg D., Prescott, Stephen, Proffitt, Charles R., Pueyo, Laurent, Quispe Neira, Irma Aracely, Radich, Armando, Rager, Reiko T., Rameau, Julien, Ramey, Deborah D., Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Rampini, Riccardo, Rapp, Robert, Rashford, Robert A., Rauscher, Bernard J., Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Rawlings, Tynika N., Ray, Tom, Regan, Michael W., Rehm, Brian, Rehm, Kenneth D., Reid, Neill, Reis, Carl A., Renk, Florian, Reoch, Tom B., Ressler, Michael, Rest, Armin W., Reynolds, Paul J., Richon, Joel G., Richon, Karen V., Ridgaway, Michael, Riedel, Adric Richard, Rieke, George H., Rieke, Marcia J., Rifelli, Richard E., Rigby, Jane R., Riggs, Catherine S., Ringel, Nancy J., Ritchie, Christine E., Rix, Hans-walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Gregory L., Robinson, Michael S., Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank W., Rodriguez, David R., Del Pino, Bruno Rodríguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott O., Roman, Anthony J., Romelfanger, Frederick J., Romo Jr, Felipe P., Rosales, Jose J., Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony F., Roth, Marc N., Rothwell, Braden Quinn, Rouzaud, Sylvain, Rowe, Jason, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Rumpl, William, Russ, Melissa L., Ryan, Michael B., Ryan, Richard M., Saad, Karl, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatino, Rick, Sabbi, Elena, Sabelhaus, Phillip A., Sabia, Stephen, Sahu, Kailash C., Saif, Babak N., Salvignol, Jean-christophe, Samara-ratna, Piyal, Samuelson, Bridget S., Sanders, Felicia A., Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B. A., Sauer, Arne, Savadkin, Bruce J., Sawicki, Marcin, Schappell, Tina M., Scheffer, Caroline, Scheithauer, Silvia, Scherer, Ron, Schiff, Conrad, Schlawin, Everett, Schmeitzky, Olivier, Schmitz, Tyler S., Schmude, Donald J., Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schroeven-deceuninck, Hilde, Schultz, John J., Schwab, Ryan, Schwartz, Curtis H., Scoccimarro, Dario, Scott, John F., Scott, Michelle B., Seaton, Bonita L., Seely, Bruce S., Seery, Bernard, Seidleck, Mark, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare Elizabeth, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard A., Shay, Christopher Michael, Sheehan, Even, Sheth, Kartik, Shih, Hsin-yi, Shivaei, Irene, Siegel, Noah, Sienkiewicz, Matthew G., Simmons, Debra D., Simon, Bernard P., Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Slade, Jeffrey E., Sloan, G. C., Slocum, Christine E., Slowinski, Steven E., Smith, Corbett T., Smith, Eric P., Smith, Erin C., Smith, Koby, Smith, Robert, Smith, Stephanie J., Smolik, John L., Soderblom, David R., Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Sokol, Jeff, Sonneborn, George, Sontag, Christopher D., Sooy, Peter R., Soummer, Remi, Southwood, Dana M., Spain, Kay, Sparmo, Joseph, Speer, David T., Spencer, Richard, Sprofera, Joseph D., Stallcup, Scott S., Stanley, Marcia K., Stansberry, John A., Stark, Christopher C., Starr, Carl W., Stassi, Diane Y., Steck, Jane A., Steeley, Christine D., Stephens, Matthew A., Stephenson, Ralph J., Stewart, Alphonso C., Stiavelli, Massimo, Jr, Hervey Stockman, Strada, Paolo, Straughn, Amber N., Streetman, Scott, Strickland, David Kendal, Strobele, Jingping F., Stuhlinger, Martin, Stys, Jeffrey Edward, Such, Miguel, Sukhatme, Kalyani, Sullivan, Joseph F., Sullivan, Pamela C., Sumner, Sandra M., Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Benjamin Dale, Swade, Daryl Allen, Swam, Michael S., Swenton, Diane F., Swoish, Robby A., Tam Litten, Oi In, Tamas, Laszlo, Tao, Andrew, Taylor, David K., Taylor, Joanna M., Plate, Maurice Te, Van Tea, Mason, Teague, Kelly K., Telfer, Randal C., Temim, Tea, Texter, Scott C., Thatte, Deepashri G., Thompson, Christopher Lee, Thompson, Linda M., Thomson, Shaun R., Thronson, Harley, Tierney, C. M., Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tinnin, Lee, Tippet, William Thomas, Todd, Connor William, Tran, Hien D., Trauger, John, Trejo, Edwin Gregorio, Vinh Truong, Justin Hoang, Tsukamoto, Christine L., Tufail, Yasir, Tumlinson, Jason, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael A., Vaclavik, Steven, Valenduc, Frida, Valenti, Jeff A., Van Campen, Julie, Van De Wetering, Inge, Van Der Marel, Roeland P., Van Haarlem, Remy, Vandenbussche, Bart, Van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Vanterpool, Dona D., Vernoy, Michael R., Vila Costas, Maria Begoña, Volk, Kevin, Voorzaat, Piet, Voyton, Mark F., Vydra, Ekaterina, Waddy, Darryl J., Waelkens, Christoffel, Wahlgren, Glenn Michael, Walker Jr, Frederick E., Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine K., Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Francis C., Wasiak, Matthew F., Wehner, James, Weiler, Kevin R., Weilert, Mark, Weiss, Stanley B., Wells, Martyn, Welty, Alan D., Wheate, Lauren, Wheeler, Thomas P., White, Christy L., Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer Margaret, Whitman, William Russell, Williams, Christina C., Willmer, Christopher N. A., Willott, Chris J., Willoughby, Scott P., Wilson, Andrew, Wilson, Debra, Wilson, Donna V., Windhorst, Rogier, Wislowski, Emily Christine, Wolfe, David J., Wolfe, Michael A., Wolff, Schuyler, Wondel, Amancio, Woo, Cindy, Woods, Robert T., Worden, Elaine, Workman, William, Wright, Gillian S., Wu, Carl, Wu, Chi-rai, Wun, Dakin D., Wymer, Kristen B., Yadetie, Thomas, Yan, Isabelle C., Yang, Keith C., Yates, Kayla L., Yeager, Christopher R., Yerger, Ethan John, Young, Erick T., Young, Gary, Yu, Gene, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean S., Zeidler, Peter, Zepp, Robert, Zhou, Julia, Zincke, Christian A., Zonak, Stephanie, and Zondag, Elisabeth
Published: 2023

32. The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Author: Gardner, Jonathan P., Mather, John C., Abbott, Randy, Abell, James S., Abernathy, Mark, Abney, Faith E., Abraham, John G., Abraham, Roberto, Abul-huda, Yasin M., Acton, Scott, Adams, Cynthia K., Adams, Evan, Adler, David S., Adriaensen, Maarten, Aguilar, Jonathan Albert, Ahmed, Mansoor, Ahmed, Nasif S., Ahmed, Tanjira, Albat, Rüdeger, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Mary Marsha, Allen, Shaune S., Altenburg, Martin, Altunc, Serhat, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Álvarez-márquez, Javier, De Oliveira, Catarina Alves, Ambrose, Leslie L., Anandakrishnan, Satya M., Andersen, Gregory C., Anderson, Harry James, Anderson, Jay, Anderson, Kristen, Anderson, Sara M., Aprea, Julio, Archer, Benita J., Arenberg, Jonathan W., Argyriou, Ioannis, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Étienne, Arvai, Amanda Rose, Atcheson, Paul, Atkinson, Charles B., Averbukh, Jesse, Aymergen, Cagatay, Bacinski, John J., Baggett, Wayne E., Bagnasco, Giorgio, Baker, Lynn L., Balzano, Vicki Ann, Banks, Kimberly A., Baran, David A., Barker, Elizabeth A., Barrett, Larry K., Barringer, Bruce O., Barto, Allison, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Baum, Stefi, Beatty, Thomas G., Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bechtold, Kathryn, Beck, Tracy, Beddard, Megan M., Beichman, Charles, Bellagama, Larry, Bely, Pierre, Berger, Timothy W., Bergeron, Louis E., Bernier, Antoine-darveau, Bertch, Maria D., Beskow, Charlotte, Betz, Laura E., Biagetti, Carl P., Birkmann, Stephan, Bjorklund, Kurt F., Blackwood, James D., Blazek, Ronald Paul, Blossfeld, Stephen, Bluth, Marcel, Boccaletti, Anthony, Boegner Jr, Martin E., Bohlin, Ralph C., Boia, John Joseph, Böker, Torsten, Bonaventura, N., Bond, Nicholas A., Bosley, Kari Ann, Boucarut, Rene A., Bouchet, Patrice, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Ariel S., Bowers, Charles W., Boyce, Leslye A., Boyer, Christine T., Boyer, Martha L., Boyer, Michael, Boyer, Robert, Bradley, Larry D., Brady, Gregory R., Brandl, Bernhard R., Brannen, Judith L., Breda, David, Bremmer, Harold G., Brennan, David, Bresnahan, Pamela A., Bright, Stacey N., Broiles, Brian J., Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian H., Brooks, Keira J., Brown, Bob, Brown, Bruce, Brown, Thomas M., Bruce, Barry W., Bryson, Jonathan G., Bujanda, Edwin D., Bullock, Blake M., Bunker, A. J., Bureo, Rafael, Burt, Irving J., Bush, James Aaron, Bushouse, Howard A., Bussman, Marie C., Cabaud, Olivier, Cale, Steven, Calhoon, Charles D., Calvani, Humberto, Canipe, Alicia M., Caputo, Francis M., Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Case, Michael Eli, Cesari, Thaddeus, Cetorelli, Lee D., Chance, Don R., Chandler, Lynn, Chaney, Dave, Chapman, George N., Charlot, S., Chayer, Pierre, Cheezum, Jeffrey I., Chen, Bin, Chen, Christine H., Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah C., Chilton, Zachary S., Chittiraibalan, Dharini, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles R., Clark, Kerry W., Clark, Stephanie M., Claybrooks, Edward E., Cleveland, Keith A., Cohen, Andrew L., Cohen, Lester M., Colón, Knicole D., Coleman, Benee L., Colina, Luis, Comber, Brian J., Comeau, Thomas M., Comer, Thomas, Reis, Alain Conde, Connolly, Dennis C., Conroy, Kyle E., Contos, Adam R., Contreras, James, Cook, Neil J., Cooper, James L., Cooper, Rachel Aviva, Correia, Michael F., Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Costanza, Brian F., Coulais, Alain, Cox, Colin R., Coyle, Ray T., Cracraft, Misty M., Crew, Keith A., Curtis, Gary J., Cusveller, Bianca, Maciel, Cleyciane Da Costa, Dailey, Christopher T., Daugeron, Frédéric, Davidson, Greg S., Davies, James E., Davis, Katherine Anne, Davis, Michael S., Day, Ratna, De Chambure, Daniel, De Jong, Pauline, De Marchi, Guido, Dean, Bruce H., Decker, John E., Delisa, Amy S., Dell, Lawrence C., Dellagatta, Gail, Dembinska, Franciszka, Demosthenes, Sandor, Dencheva, Nadezhda M., Deneu, Philippe, Depriest, William W., Deschenes, Jeremy, Dethienne, Nathalie, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa Izela, Dicken, Daniel, Difelice, Audrey S., Dillman, Matthew, Disharoon, Maureen O., Dixon, William V., Doggett, Jesse B., Dominguez, Keisha L., Donaldson, Thomas S., Doria-warner, Cristina M., Santos, Tony Dos, Doty, Heather, Douglas, Jr, Robert E., Doyon, René, Dressler, Alan, Driggers, Jennifer, Driggers, Phillip A., Dunn, Jamie L., Duprie, Kimberly C., Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Dutta, Sanghamitra B., Earl, Nicholas M., Eccleston, Paul, Ecobichon, Pascal, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan D., Eisenhower, Michael, Eisenstein, Daniel J., El Hamel, Zaky, Elie, Michelle L., Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle Wesley, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Néstor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Evans, Leah, Fabreguettes, Luce, Falcolini, Massimo, Falini, Patrick R., Fatig, Curtis, Feeney, Matthew, Feinberg, Lee D., Fels, Raymond, Ferdous, Nazma, Ferguson, Henry C., Ferrarese, Laura, Ferreira, Marie-héléne, Ferruit, Pierre, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph Charles, Firre, Daniel, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Flanagan, Kathryn A., Fleming, Scott W., Florian, Michael, Flynn, James R., Foiadelli, Luca, Fontaine, Mark R., Fontanella, Erin Marie, Forshay, Peter Randolph, Fortner, Elizabeth A., Fox, Ori D., Framarini, Alexandro P., Francisco, John I., Franck, Randy, Franx, Marijn, Franz, David E., Friedman, Scott D., Friend, Katheryn E., Frost, James R., Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander W., Gaillard, Lionel, Galkin, Sergey, Gallagher, Ben, Galyer, Anthony D., García Marín, Macarena, Gardner, Lisa E., Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce Albert, Gasman, Danny, Gáspár, András, Gastaud, René, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter Timothy, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul H., Gennaro, Mario, Gerber, John, Gereau, John C., Giampaoli, Robert, Giardino, Giovanna, Gibbons, Paul C., Gilbert, Karoline, Gilman, Larry, Girard, Julien H., Giuliano, Mark E., Gkountis, Konstantinos, Glasse, Alistair, Glassmire, Kirk Zachary, Glauser, Adrian Michael, Glazer, Stuart D., Goldberg, Joshua, Golimowski, David A., Gonzaga, Shireen P., Gordon, Karl D., Gordon, Shawn J., Goudfrooij, Paul, Gough, Michael J., Graham, Adrian J., Grau, Christopher M., Green, Joel David, Greene, Gretchen R., Greene, Thomas P., Greenfield, Perry E., Greenhouse, Matthew A., Greve, Thomas R., Greville, Edgar M., Grimaldi, Stefano, Groe, Frank E., Groebner, Andrew, Grumm, David M., Grundy, Timothy, Güdel, Manuel, Guillard, Pierre, Guldalian, John, Gunn, Christopher A., Gurule, Anthony, Gutman, Irvin Meyer, Guy, Paul D., Guyot, Benjamin, Hack, Warren J., Haderlein, Peter, Hagan, James B., Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest Clifford, Hammann, Jeffrey, Hammel, Heidi B., Hanley, Christopher J., Hansen, Carl August, Hardy, Bruce, Harnisch, Bernd, Harr, Michael Hunter, Harris, Pamela, Hart, Jessica Ann, Hartig, George F., Hasan, Hashima, Hashim, Kathleen Marie, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee J., Hawkins, Robert Edward, Hayden, Brian, Hayden, William L., Healy, Mike, Hecht, Karen, Heeg, Vince J., Hejal, Reem, Helm, Kristopher A., Hengemihle, Nicholas J., Henning, Thomas, Henry, Alaina, Henry, Ronald L., Henshaw, Katherine, Hernandez, Scarlin, Herrington, Donald C., Heske, Astrid, Hesman, Brigette Emily, Hickey, David L., Hilbert, Bryan N., Hines, Dean C., Hinz, Michael R., Hirsch, Michael, Hitcho, Robert S., Hodapp, Klaus, Hodge, Philip E., Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie T., Holler, Bryan Jason, Hoppa, Jennifer Rose, Horner, Scott, Howard, Joseph M., Howard, Richard J., Huber, Jean M., Hunkeler, Joseph S., Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David Gavin, Hurd, Spencer W., Hurst, Brendan J., Hutchings, John B., Hylan, Jason E., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra M., Isaacs Iii, John C., Jackson Jr, Wallace C., Jaffe, Daniel T., Jahic, Jasmin, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, Bryan, James, John C., James, Leandrea Rae, Jamieson, William Brian, Jandra, Raymond D., Jayawardhana, Ray, Jedrzejewski, Robert, Jeffers, Basil S., Jensen, Peter, Joanne, Egges, Johns, Alan T., Johnson, Carl A., Johnson, Eric L., Johnson, Patricia, Johnson, Phillip Stephen, Johnson, Thomas K., Johnson, Timothy W., Johnstone, Doug, Jollet, Delphine, Jones, Danny P., Jones, Gregory S., Jones, Olivia C., Jones, Ronald A., Jones, Vicki, Jordan, Ian J., Jordan, Margaret E., Jue, Reginald, Jurkowski, Mark H., Justis, Grant, Justtanont, Kay, Kaleida, Catherine C., Kalirai, Jason S., Kalmanson, Phillip Cabrales, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Kammerer, Jens, Kan, Samuel K., Kanarek, Graham Childs, Kao, Shaw-hong, Karakla, Diane M., Karl, Hermann, Kassin, Susan A., Kauffman, David D., Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelley, Leigh L., Kelly, Douglas M., Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert V., Kenny, Deborah A., Keski-kuha, Ritva A., Keyes, Charles D., Khan, Ali, Kidwell, Richard C., Kimble, Randy A., King, James S., King, Richard C., Kinzel, Wayne M., Kirk, Jeffrey R., Kirkpatrick, Marc E., Klaassen, Pamela, Klingemann, Lana, Klintworth, Paul U., Knapp, Bryan Adam, Knight, Scott, Knollenberg, Perry J., Knutsen, Daniel Mark, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton M., Kofler, Earl T., Kontson, Vicki L., Kovacs, Aiden Rose, Kozhurina-platais, Vera, Krause, Oliver, Kriss, Gerard A., Krist, John, Kristoffersen, Monica R., Krogel, Claudia, Krueger, Anthony P., Kulp, Bernard A., Kumari, Nimisha, Kwan, Sandy W., Kyprianou, Mark, Labador, Aurora Gadiano, Labiano, Álvaro, Lafrenière, David, Lagage, Pierre-olivier, Laidler, Victoria G., Laine, Benoit, Laird, Simon, Lajoie, Charles-philippe, Lallo, Matthew D., Lam, May Yen, Lamassa, Stephanie Marie, Lambros, Scott D., Lampenfield, Richard Joseph, Lander, Matthew Ed, Langston, James Hutton, Larson, Kirsten, Larson, Melora, Laverghetta, Robert Joseph, Law, David R., Lawrence, Jon F., Lee, David W., Lee, Janice, Lee, Yat-ning Paul, Leisenring, Jarron, Leveille, Michael Dunlap, Levenson, Nancy A., Levi, Joshua S., Levine, Marie B., Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Jake, Lewis, Nikole, Libralato, Mattia, Lidon, Norbert, Liebrecht, Paula Louisa, Lightsey, Paul, Lilly, Simon, Lim, Frederick C., Lim, Pey Lian, Ling, Sai-kwong, Link, Lisa J., Link, Miranda Nicole, Lipinski, Jamie L., Liu, Xiaoli, Lo, Amy S., Lobmeyer, Lynette, Logue, Ryan M., Long, Chris A., Long, Douglas R., Long, Ilana D., Long, Knox S., López-caniego, Marcos, Lotz, Jennifer M., Love-pruitt, Jennifer M., Lubskiy, Michael, Luers, Edward B., Luetgens, Robert A., Luevano, Annetta J., G. Flores Lui, Sarah Marie, Lund Iii, James M., Lundquist, Ray A., Lunine, Jonathan, Lützgendorf, Nora, Lynch, Richard J., Macdonald, Alex J., Macdonald, Kenneth, Macias, Matthew J., Macklis, Keith I., Maghami, Peiman, Maharaja, Rishabh Y., Maiolino, Roberto, Makrygiannis, Konstantinos G., Malla, Sunita Giri, Malumuth, Eliot M., Manjavacas, Elena, Marini, Andrea, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André R, Martin, Didier, Martin, Peter G., Martinez, Kristin L., Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory L., Masetti, Margaret E., Maszkiewicz, Michael, Matthews, Gary, Matuskey, Jacob E., Mcbrayer, Glen A., Mccarthy, Donald W., Mccaughrean, Mark J., Mcclare, Leslie A., Mcclare, Michael D., Mccloskey, John C., Mcclurg, Taylore D., Mccoy, Martin, Mcelwain, Michael W., Mcgregor, Roy D., Mcguffey, Douglas B., Mckay, Andrew G., Mckenzie, William K., Mclean, Brian, Mcmaster, Matthew, Mcneil, Warren, De Meester, Wim, Mehalick, Kimberly L., Meixner, Margaret, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael P., Menzel, Michael T., Merz, Matthew, Mesterharm, David D., Meyer, Michael R., Meyett, Michele L., Meza, Luis E., Midwinter, Calvin, Milam, Stefanie N., Miller, Jay Todd, Miller, William C., Miskey, Cherie L., Misselt, Karl, Mitchell, Eileen P., Mohan, Martin, Montoya, Emily E., Moran, Michael J., Morishita, Takahiro, Moro-martín, Amaya, Morrison, Debra L., Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie C., Moschos, Michael, Moseley, S. H., Mosier, Gary E., Mosner, Peter, Mountain, Matt, Muckenthaler, Jason S., Mueller, Donald G., Mueller, Migo, Muhiem, Daniella, Mühlmann, Prisca, Mullally, Susan Elizabeth, Mullen, Stephanie M., Munger, Alan J, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine T., Muzerolle, James C., Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Andrew, Myers, Carey R., R. Myers, Fred Richard, Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nagle, Iv, Adrian F., Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Neff, Susan G., Nelan, Edmund P., Nella, John, Nguyen, Duy Tuong, Nguyen, Michael N., Nickson, Bryony, Nidhiry, John Joseph, Niedner, Malcolm B., Nieto-santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Nishisaka, Mary Ann, Noriega-crespo, Alberto, Nota, Antonella, O’mara, Robyn C., Oboryshko, Michael, O’brien, Marcus B., Ochs, William R., Offenberg, Joel D., Ogle, Patrick Michael, Ohl, Raymond G., Olmsted, Joseph Hamden, Osborne, Shannon Barbara, O’shaughnessy, Brian Patrick, Östlin, Göran, O’sullivan, Brian, Otor, O. Justin, Ottens, Richard, Ouellette, Nathalie N.-q., Outlaw, Daria J., Owens, Beverly A., Pacifici, Camilla, Page, James Christophe, Paranilam, James G., Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith A., Paschal, Laura, Patapis, Polychronis, Patel, Jignasha, Patrick, Keith, Pattishall Jr, Robert A., Paul, Douglas William, Paul, Shirley J., Pauly, Tyler Andrew, Pavlovsky, Cheryl M., Peña-guerrero, Maria, Pedder, Andrew H., Peek, Matthew Weldon, Pelham, Patricia A., Penanen, Konstantin, Perriello, Beth A., Perrin, Marshall D., Perrine, Richard F., Perrygo, Chuck, Peslier, Muriel, Petach, Michael, Peterson, Karla A., Pfarr, Tom, Pierson, James M., Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pilchen, Guy, Pipher, Judy L., Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph T., Player, Danielle M., Plesha, Rachel, Plitzke, Anja, Pohner, John A., Poletis, Karyn Konstantin, Pollizzi, Joseph A., Polster, Ethan, Pontius, James T., Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porges, Susana C., Potter, Gregg D., Prescott, Stephen, Proffitt, Charles R., Pueyo, Laurent, Quispe Neira, Irma Aracely, Radich, Armando, Rager, Reiko T., Rameau, Julien, Ramey, Deborah D., Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Rampini, Riccardo, Rapp, Robert, Rashford, Robert A., Rauscher, Bernard J., Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Rawlings, Tynika N., Ray, Tom, Regan, Michael W., Rehm, Brian, Rehm, Kenneth D., Reid, Neill, Reis, Carl A., Renk, Florian, Reoch, Tom B., Ressler, Michael, Rest, Armin W., Reynolds, Paul J., Richon, Joel G., Richon, Karen V., Ridgaway, Michael, Riedel, Adric Richard, Rieke, George H., Rieke, Marcia J., Rifelli, Richard E., Rigby, Jane R., Riggs, Catherine S., Ringel, Nancy J., Ritchie, Christine E., Rix, Hans-walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Gregory L., Robinson, Michael S., Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank W., Rodriguez, David R., Del Pino, Bruno Rodríguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott O., Roman, Anthony J., Romelfanger, Frederick J., Romo Jr, Felipe P., Rosales, Jose J., Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony F., Roth, Marc N., Rothwell, Braden Quinn, Rouzaud, Sylvain, Rowe, Jason, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Rumpl, William, Russ, Melissa L., Ryan, Michael B., Ryan, Richard M., Saad, Karl, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatino, Rick, Sabbi, Elena, Sabelhaus, Phillip A., Sabia, Stephen, Sahu, Kailash C., Saif, Babak N., Salvignol, Jean-christophe, Samara-ratna, Piyal, Samuelson, Bridget S., Sanders, Felicia A., Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B. A., Sauer, Arne, Savadkin, Bruce J., Sawicki, Marcin, Schappell, Tina M., Scheffer, Caroline, Scheithauer, Silvia, Scherer, Ron, Schiff, Conrad, Schlawin, Everett, Schmeitzky, Olivier, Schmitz, Tyler S., Schmude, Donald J., Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schroeven-deceuninck, Hilde, Schultz, John J., Schwab, Ryan, Schwartz, Curtis H., Scoccimarro, Dario, Scott, John F., Scott, Michelle B., Seaton, Bonita L., Seely, Bruce S., Seery, Bernard, Seidleck, Mark, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare Elizabeth, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard A., Shay, Christopher Michael, Sheehan, Even, Sheth, Kartik, Shih, Hsin-yi, Shivaei, Irene, Siegel, Noah, Sienkiewicz, Matthew G., Simmons, Debra D., Simon, Bernard P., Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Slade, Jeffrey E., Sloan, G. C., Slocum, Christine E., Slowinski, Steven E., Smith, Corbett T., Smith, Eric P., Smith, Erin C., Smith, Koby, Smith, Robert, Smith, Stephanie J., Smolik, John L., Soderblom, David R., Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Sokol, Jeff, Sonneborn, George, Sontag, Christopher D., Sooy, Peter R., Soummer, Remi, Southwood, Dana M., Spain, Kay, Sparmo, Joseph, Speer, David T., Spencer, Richard, Sprofera, Joseph D., Stallcup, Scott S., Stanley, Marcia K., Stansberry, John A., Stark, Christopher C., Starr, Carl W., Stassi, Diane Y., Steck, Jane A., Steeley, Christine D., Stephens, Matthew A., Stephenson, Ralph J., Stewart, Alphonso C., Stiavelli, Massimo, Jr, Hervey Stockman, Strada, Paolo, Straughn, Amber N., Streetman, Scott, Strickland, David Kendal, Strobele, Jingping F., Stuhlinger, Martin, Stys, Jeffrey Edward, Such, Miguel, Sukhatme, Kalyani, Sullivan, Joseph F., Sullivan, Pamela C., Sumner, Sandra M., Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Benjamin Dale, Swade, Daryl Allen, Swam, Michael S., Swenton, Diane F., Swoish, Robby A., Tam Litten, Oi In, Tamas, Laszlo, Tao, Andrew, Taylor, David K., Taylor, Joanna M., Plate, Maurice Te, Van Tea, Mason, Teague, Kelly K., Telfer, Randal C., Temim, Tea, Texter, Scott C., Thatte, Deepashri G., Thompson, Christopher Lee, Thompson, Linda M., Thomson, Shaun R., Thronson, Harley, Tierney, C. M., Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tinnin, Lee, Tippet, William Thomas, Todd, Connor William, Tran, Hien D., Trauger, John, Trejo, Edwin Gregorio, Vinh Truong, Justin Hoang, Tsukamoto, Christine L., Tufail, Yasir, Tumlinson, Jason, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael A., Vaclavik, Steven, Valenduc, Frida, Valenti, Jeff A., Van Campen, Julie, Van De Wetering, Inge, Van Der Marel, Roeland P., Van Haarlem, Remy, Vandenbussche, Bart, Van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Vanterpool, Dona D., Vernoy, Michael R., Vila Costas, Maria Begoña, Volk, Kevin, Voorzaat, Piet, Voyton, Mark F., Vydra, Ekaterina, Waddy, Darryl J., Waelkens, Christoffel, Wahlgren, Glenn Michael, Walker Jr, Frederick E., Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine K., Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Francis C., Wasiak, Matthew F., Wehner, James, Weiler, Kevin R., Weilert, Mark, Weiss, Stanley B., Wells, Martyn, Welty, Alan D., Wheate, Lauren, Wheeler, Thomas P., White, Christy L., Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer Margaret, Whitman, William Russell, Williams, Christina C., Willmer, Christopher N. A., Willott, Chris J., Willoughby, Scott P., Wilson, Andrew, Wilson, Debra, Wilson, Donna V., Windhorst, Rogier, Wislowski, Emily Christine, Wolfe, David J., Wolfe, Michael A., Wolff, Schuyler, Wondel, Amancio, Woo, Cindy, Woods, Robert T., Worden, Elaine, Workman, William, Wright, Gillian S., Wu, Carl, Wu, Chi-rai, Wun, Dakin D., Wymer, Kristen B., Yadetie, Thomas, Yan, Isabelle C., Yang, Keith C., Yates, Kayla L., Yeager, Christopher R., Yerger, Ethan John, Young, Erick T., Young, Gary, Yu, Gene, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean S., Zeidler, Peter, Zepp, Robert, Zhou, Julia, Zincke, Christian A., Zonak, Stephanie, Zondag, Elisabeth, Gardner, Jonathan P., Mather, John C., Abbott, Randy, Abell, James S., Abernathy, Mark, Abney, Faith E., Abraham, John G., Abraham, Roberto, Abul-huda, Yasin M., Acton, Scott, Adams, Cynthia K., Adams, Evan, Adler, David S., Adriaensen, Maarten, Aguilar, Jonathan Albert, Ahmed, Mansoor, Ahmed, Nasif S., Ahmed, Tanjira, Albat, Rüdeger, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Mary Marsha, Allen, Shaune S., Altenburg, Martin, Altunc, Serhat, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Álvarez-márquez, Javier, De Oliveira, Catarina Alves, Ambrose, Leslie L., Anandakrishnan, Satya M., Andersen, Gregory C., Anderson, Harry James, Anderson, Jay, Anderson, Kristen, Anderson, Sara M., Aprea, Julio, Archer, Benita J., Arenberg, Jonathan W., Argyriou, Ioannis, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Étienne, Arvai, Amanda Rose, Atcheson, Paul, Atkinson, Charles B., Averbukh, Jesse, Aymergen, Cagatay, Bacinski, John J., Baggett, Wayne E., Bagnasco, Giorgio, Baker, Lynn L., Balzano, Vicki Ann, Banks, Kimberly A., Baran, David A., Barker, Elizabeth A., Barrett, Larry K., Barringer, Bruce O., Barto, Allison, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Baum, Stefi, Beatty, Thomas G., Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bechtold, Kathryn, Beck, Tracy, Beddard, Megan M., Beichman, Charles, Bellagama, Larry, Bely, Pierre, Berger, Timothy W., Bergeron, Louis E., Bernier, Antoine-darveau, Bertch, Maria D., Beskow, Charlotte, Betz, Laura E., Biagetti, Carl P., Birkmann, Stephan, Bjorklund, Kurt F., Blackwood, James D., Blazek, Ronald Paul, Blossfeld, Stephen, Bluth, Marcel, Boccaletti, Anthony, Boegner Jr, Martin E., Bohlin, Ralph C., Boia, John Joseph, Böker, Torsten, Bonaventura, N., Bond, Nicholas A., Bosley, Kari Ann, Boucarut, Rene A., Bouchet, Patrice, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Ariel S., Bowers, Charles W., Boyce, Leslye A., Boyer, Christine T., Boyer, Martha L., Boyer, Michael, Boyer, Robert, Bradley, Larry D., Brady, Gregory R., Brandl, Bernhard R., Brannen, Judith L., Breda, David, Bremmer, Harold G., Brennan, David, Bresnahan, Pamela A., Bright, Stacey N., Broiles, Brian J., Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian H., Brooks, Keira J., Brown, Bob, Brown, Bruce, Brown, Thomas M., Bruce, Barry W., Bryson, Jonathan G., Bujanda, Edwin D., Bullock, Blake M., Bunker, A. J., Bureo, Rafael, Burt, Irving J., Bush, James Aaron, Bushouse, Howard A., Bussman, Marie C., Cabaud, Olivier, Cale, Steven, Calhoon, Charles D., Calvani, Humberto, Canipe, Alicia M., Caputo, Francis M., Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Case, Michael Eli, Cesari, Thaddeus, Cetorelli, Lee D., Chance, Don R., Chandler, Lynn, Chaney, Dave, Chapman, George N., Charlot, S., Chayer, Pierre, Cheezum, Jeffrey I., Chen, Bin, Chen, Christine H., Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah C., Chilton, Zachary S., Chittiraibalan, Dharini, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles R., Clark, Kerry W., Clark, Stephanie M., Claybrooks, Edward E., Cleveland, Keith A., Cohen, Andrew L., Cohen, Lester M., Colón, Knicole D., Coleman, Benee L., Colina, Luis, Comber, Brian J., Comeau, Thomas M., Comer, Thomas, Reis, Alain Conde, Connolly, Dennis C., Conroy, Kyle E., Contos, Adam R., Contreras, James, Cook, Neil J., Cooper, James L., Cooper, Rachel Aviva, Correia, Michael F., Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Costanza, Brian F., Coulais, Alain, Cox, Colin R., Coyle, Ray T., Cracraft, Misty M., Crew, Keith A., Curtis, Gary J., Cusveller, Bianca, Maciel, Cleyciane Da Costa, Dailey, Christopher T., Daugeron, Frédéric, Davidson, Greg S., Davies, James E., Davis, Katherine Anne, Davis, Michael S., Day, Ratna, De Chambure, Daniel, De Jong, Pauline, De Marchi, Guido, Dean, Bruce H., Decker, John E., Delisa, Amy S., Dell, Lawrence C., Dellagatta, Gail, Dembinska, Franciszka, Demosthenes, Sandor, Dencheva, Nadezhda M., Deneu, Philippe, Depriest, William W., Deschenes, Jeremy, Dethienne, Nathalie, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa Izela, Dicken, Daniel, Difelice, Audrey S., Dillman, Matthew, Disharoon, Maureen O., Dixon, William V., Doggett, Jesse B., Dominguez, Keisha L., Donaldson, Thomas S., Doria-warner, Cristina M., Santos, Tony Dos, Doty, Heather, Douglas, Jr, Robert E., Doyon, René, Dressler, Alan, Driggers, Jennifer, Driggers, Phillip A., Dunn, Jamie L., Duprie, Kimberly C., Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Dutta, Sanghamitra B., Earl, Nicholas M., Eccleston, Paul, Ecobichon, Pascal, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan D., Eisenhower, Michael, Eisenstein, Daniel J., El Hamel, Zaky, Elie, Michelle L., Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle Wesley, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Néstor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Evans, Leah, Fabreguettes, Luce, Falcolini, Massimo, Falini, Patrick R., Fatig, Curtis, Feeney, Matthew, Feinberg, Lee D., Fels, Raymond, Ferdous, Nazma, Ferguson, Henry C., Ferrarese, Laura, Ferreira, Marie-héléne, Ferruit, Pierre, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph Charles, Firre, Daniel, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Flanagan, Kathryn A., Fleming, Scott W., Florian, Michael, Flynn, James R., Foiadelli, Luca, Fontaine, Mark R., Fontanella, Erin Marie, Forshay, Peter Randolph, Fortner, Elizabeth A., Fox, Ori D., Framarini, Alexandro P., Francisco, John I., Franck, Randy, Franx, Marijn, Franz, David E., Friedman, Scott D., Friend, Katheryn E., Frost, James R., Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander W., Gaillard, Lionel, Galkin, Sergey, Gallagher, Ben, Galyer, Anthony D., García Marín, Macarena, Gardner, Lisa E., Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce Albert, Gasman, Danny, Gáspár, András, Gastaud, René, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter Timothy, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul H., Gennaro, Mario, Gerber, John, Gereau, John C., Giampaoli, Robert, Giardino, Giovanna, Gibbons, Paul C., Gilbert, Karoline, Gilman, Larry, Girard, Julien H., Giuliano, Mark E., Gkountis, Konstantinos, Glasse, Alistair, Glassmire, Kirk Zachary, Glauser, Adrian Michael, Glazer, Stuart D., Goldberg, Joshua, Golimowski, David A., Gonzaga, Shireen P., Gordon, Karl D., Gordon, Shawn J., Goudfrooij, Paul, Gough, Michael J., Graham, Adrian J., Grau, Christopher M., Green, Joel David, Greene, Gretchen R., Greene, Thomas P., Greenfield, Perry E., Greenhouse, Matthew A., Greve, Thomas R., Greville, Edgar M., Grimaldi, Stefano, Groe, Frank E., Groebner, Andrew, Grumm, David M., Grundy, Timothy, Güdel, Manuel, Guillard, Pierre, Guldalian, John, Gunn, Christopher A., Gurule, Anthony, Gutman, Irvin Meyer, Guy, Paul D., Guyot, Benjamin, Hack, Warren J., Haderlein, Peter, Hagan, James B., Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest Clifford, Hammann, Jeffrey, Hammel, Heidi B., Hanley, Christopher J., Hansen, Carl August, Hardy, Bruce, Harnisch, Bernd, Harr, Michael Hunter, Harris, Pamela, Hart, Jessica Ann, Hartig, George F., Hasan, Hashima, Hashim, Kathleen Marie, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee J., Hawkins, Robert Edward, Hayden, Brian, Hayden, William L., Healy, Mike, Hecht, Karen, Heeg, Vince J., Hejal, Reem, Helm, Kristopher A., Hengemihle, Nicholas J., Henning, Thomas, Henry, Alaina, Henry, Ronald L., Henshaw, Katherine, Hernandez, Scarlin, Herrington, Donald C., Heske, Astrid, Hesman, Brigette Emily, Hickey, David L., Hilbert, Bryan N., Hines, Dean C., Hinz, Michael R., Hirsch, Michael, Hitcho, Robert S., Hodapp, Klaus, Hodge, Philip E., Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie T., Holler, Bryan Jason, Hoppa, Jennifer Rose, Horner, Scott, Howard, Joseph M., Howard, Richard J., Huber, Jean M., Hunkeler, Joseph S., Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David Gavin, Hurd, Spencer W., Hurst, Brendan J., Hutchings, John B., Hylan, Jason E., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra M., Isaacs Iii, John C., Jackson Jr, Wallace C., Jaffe, Daniel T., Jahic, Jasmin, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, Bryan, James, John C., James, Leandrea Rae, Jamieson, William Brian, Jandra, Raymond D., Jayawardhana, Ray, Jedrzejewski, Robert, Jeffers, Basil S., Jensen, Peter, Joanne, Egges, Johns, Alan T., Johnson, Carl A., Johnson, Eric L., Johnson, Patricia, Johnson, Phillip Stephen, Johnson, Thomas K., Johnson, Timothy W., Johnstone, Doug, Jollet, Delphine, Jones, Danny P., Jones, Gregory S., Jones, Olivia C., Jones, Ronald A., Jones, Vicki, Jordan, Ian J., Jordan, Margaret E., Jue, Reginald, Jurkowski, Mark H., Justis, Grant, Justtanont, Kay, Kaleida, Catherine C., Kalirai, Jason S., Kalmanson, Phillip Cabrales, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Kammerer, Jens, Kan, Samuel K., Kanarek, Graham Childs, Kao, Shaw-hong, Karakla, Diane M., Karl, Hermann, Kassin, Susan A., Kauffman, David D., Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelley, Leigh L., Kelly, Douglas M., Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert V., Kenny, Deborah A., Keski-kuha, Ritva A., Keyes, Charles D., Khan, Ali, Kidwell, Richard C., Kimble, Randy A., King, James S., King, Richard C., Kinzel, Wayne M., Kirk, Jeffrey R., Kirkpatrick, Marc E., Klaassen, Pamela, Klingemann, Lana, Klintworth, Paul U., Knapp, Bryan Adam, Knight, Scott, Knollenberg, Perry J., Knutsen, Daniel Mark, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton M., Kofler, Earl T., Kontson, Vicki L., Kovacs, Aiden Rose, Kozhurina-platais, Vera, Krause, Oliver, Kriss, Gerard A., Krist, John, Kristoffersen, Monica R., Krogel, Claudia, Krueger, Anthony P., Kulp, Bernard A., Kumari, Nimisha, Kwan, Sandy W., Kyprianou, Mark, Labador, Aurora Gadiano, Labiano, Álvaro, Lafrenière, David, Lagage, Pierre-olivier, Laidler, Victoria G., Laine, Benoit, Laird, Simon, Lajoie, Charles-philippe, Lallo, Matthew D., Lam, May Yen, Lamassa, Stephanie Marie, Lambros, Scott D., Lampenfield, Richard Joseph, Lander, Matthew Ed, Langston, James Hutton, Larson, Kirsten, Larson, Melora, Laverghetta, Robert Joseph, Law, David R., Lawrence, Jon F., Lee, David W., Lee, Janice, Lee, Yat-ning Paul, Leisenring, Jarron, Leveille, Michael Dunlap, Levenson, Nancy A., Levi, Joshua S., Levine, Marie B., Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Jake, Lewis, Nikole, Libralato, Mattia, Lidon, Norbert, Liebrecht, Paula Louisa, Lightsey, Paul, Lilly, Simon, Lim, Frederick C., Lim, Pey Lian, Ling, Sai-kwong, Link, Lisa J., Link, Miranda Nicole, Lipinski, Jamie L., Liu, Xiaoli, Lo, Amy S., Lobmeyer, Lynette, Logue, Ryan M., Long, Chris A., Long, Douglas R., Long, Ilana D., Long, Knox S., López-caniego, Marcos, Lotz, Jennifer M., Love-pruitt, Jennifer M., Lubskiy, Michael, Luers, Edward B., Luetgens, Robert A., Luevano, Annetta J., G. Flores Lui, Sarah Marie, Lund Iii, James M., Lundquist, Ray A., Lunine, Jonathan, Lützgendorf, Nora, Lynch, Richard J., Macdonald, Alex J., Macdonald, Kenneth, Macias, Matthew J., Macklis, Keith I., Maghami, Peiman, Maharaja, Rishabh Y., Maiolino, Roberto, Makrygiannis, Konstantinos G., Malla, Sunita Giri, Malumuth, Eliot M., Manjavacas, Elena, Marini, Andrea, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André R, Martin, Didier, Martin, Peter G., Martinez, Kristin L., Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory L., Masetti, Margaret E., Maszkiewicz, Michael, Matthews, Gary, Matuskey, Jacob E., Mcbrayer, Glen A., Mccarthy, Donald W., Mccaughrean, Mark J., Mcclare, Leslie A., Mcclare, Michael D., Mccloskey, John C., Mcclurg, Taylore D., Mccoy, Martin, Mcelwain, Michael W., Mcgregor, Roy D., Mcguffey, Douglas B., Mckay, Andrew G., Mckenzie, William K., Mclean, Brian, Mcmaster, Matthew, Mcneil, Warren, De Meester, Wim, Mehalick, Kimberly L., Meixner, Margaret, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael P., Menzel, Michael T., Merz, Matthew, Mesterharm, David D., Meyer, Michael R., Meyett, Michele L., Meza, Luis E., Midwinter, Calvin, Milam, Stefanie N., Miller, Jay Todd, Miller, William C., Miskey, Cherie L., Misselt, Karl, Mitchell, Eileen P., Mohan, Martin, Montoya, Emily E., Moran, Michael J., Morishita, Takahiro, Moro-martín, Amaya, Morrison, Debra L., Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie C., Moschos, Michael, Moseley, S. H., Mosier, Gary E., Mosner, Peter, Mountain, Matt, Muckenthaler, Jason S., Mueller, Donald G., Mueller, Migo, Muhiem, Daniella, Mühlmann, Prisca, Mullally, Susan Elizabeth, Mullen, Stephanie M., Munger, Alan J, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine T., Muzerolle, James C., Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Andrew, Myers, Carey R., R. Myers, Fred Richard, Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nagle, Iv, Adrian F., Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Neff, Susan G., Nelan, Edmund P., Nella, John, Nguyen, Duy Tuong, Nguyen, Michael N., Nickson, Bryony, Nidhiry, John Joseph, Niedner, Malcolm B., Nieto-santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Nishisaka, Mary Ann, Noriega-crespo, Alberto, Nota, Antonella, O’mara, Robyn C., Oboryshko, Michael, O’brien, Marcus B., Ochs, William R., Offenberg, Joel D., Ogle, Patrick Michael, Ohl, Raymond G., Olmsted, Joseph Hamden, Osborne, Shannon Barbara, O’shaughnessy, Brian Patrick, Östlin, Göran, O’sullivan, Brian, Otor, O. Justin, Ottens, Richard, Ouellette, Nathalie N.-q., Outlaw, Daria J., Owens, Beverly A., Pacifici, Camilla, Page, James Christophe, Paranilam, James G., Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith A., Paschal, Laura, Patapis, Polychronis, Patel, Jignasha, Patrick, Keith, Pattishall Jr, Robert A., Paul, Douglas William, Paul, Shirley J., Pauly, Tyler Andrew, Pavlovsky, Cheryl M., Peña-guerrero, Maria, Pedder, Andrew H., Peek, Matthew Weldon, Pelham, Patricia A., Penanen, Konstantin, Perriello, Beth A., Perrin, Marshall D., Perrine, Richard F., Perrygo, Chuck, Peslier, Muriel, Petach, Michael, Peterson, Karla A., Pfarr, Tom, Pierson, James M., Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pilchen, Guy, Pipher, Judy L., Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph T., Player, Danielle M., Plesha, Rachel, Plitzke, Anja, Pohner, John A., Poletis, Karyn Konstantin, Pollizzi, Joseph A., Polster, Ethan, Pontius, James T., Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porges, Susana C., Potter, Gregg D., Prescott, Stephen, Proffitt, Charles R., Pueyo, Laurent, Quispe Neira, Irma Aracely, Radich, Armando, Rager, Reiko T., Rameau, Julien, Ramey, Deborah D., Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Rampini, Riccardo, Rapp, Robert, Rashford, Robert A., Rauscher, Bernard J., Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Rawlings, Tynika N., Ray, Tom, Regan, Michael W., Rehm, Brian, Rehm, Kenneth D., Reid, Neill, Reis, Carl A., Renk, Florian, Reoch, Tom B., Ressler, Michael, Rest, Armin W., Reynolds, Paul J., Richon, Joel G., Richon, Karen V., Ridgaway, Michael, Riedel, Adric Richard, Rieke, George H., Rieke, Marcia J., Rifelli, Richard E., Rigby, Jane R., Riggs, Catherine S., Ringel, Nancy J., Ritchie, Christine E., Rix, Hans-walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Gregory L., Robinson, Michael S., Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank W., Rodriguez, David R., Del Pino, Bruno Rodríguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott O., Roman, Anthony J., Romelfanger, Frederick J., Romo Jr, Felipe P., Rosales, Jose J., Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony F., Roth, Marc N., Rothwell, Braden Quinn, Rouzaud, Sylvain, Rowe, Jason, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Rumpl, William, Russ, Melissa L., Ryan, Michael B., Ryan, Richard M., Saad, Karl, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatino, Rick, Sabbi, Elena, Sabelhaus, Phillip A., Sabia, Stephen, Sahu, Kailash C., Saif, Babak N., Salvignol, Jean-christophe, Samara-ratna, Piyal, Samuelson, Bridget S., Sanders, Felicia A., Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B. A., Sauer, Arne, Savadkin, Bruce J., Sawicki, Marcin, Schappell, Tina M., Scheffer, Caroline, Scheithauer, Silvia, Scherer, Ron, Schiff, Conrad, Schlawin, Everett, Schmeitzky, Olivier, Schmitz, Tyler S., Schmude, Donald J., Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schroeven-deceuninck, Hilde, Schultz, John J., Schwab, Ryan, Schwartz, Curtis H., Scoccimarro, Dario, Scott, John F., Scott, Michelle B., Seaton, Bonita L., Seely, Bruce S., Seery, Bernard, Seidleck, Mark, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare Elizabeth, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard A., Shay, Christopher Michael, Sheehan, Even, Sheth, Kartik, Shih, Hsin-yi, Shivaei, Irene, Siegel, Noah, Sienkiewicz, Matthew G., Simmons, Debra D., Simon, Bernard P., Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Slade, Jeffrey E., Sloan, G. C., Slocum, Christine E., Slowinski, Steven E., Smith, Corbett T., Smith, Eric P., Smith, Erin C., Smith, Koby, Smith, Robert, Smith, Stephanie J., Smolik, John L., Soderblom, David R., Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Sokol, Jeff, Sonneborn, George, Sontag, Christopher D., Sooy, Peter R., Soummer, Remi, Southwood, Dana M., Spain, Kay, Sparmo, Joseph, Speer, David T., Spencer, Richard, Sprofera, Joseph D., Stallcup, Scott S., Stanley, Marcia K., Stansberry, John A., Stark, Christopher C., Starr, Carl W., Stassi, Diane Y., Steck, Jane A., Steeley, Christine D., Stephens, Matthew A., Stephenson, Ralph J., Stewart, Alphonso C., Stiavelli, Massimo, Jr, Hervey Stockman, Strada, Paolo, Straughn, Amber N., Streetman, Scott, Strickland, David Kendal, Strobele, Jingping F., Stuhlinger, Martin, Stys, Jeffrey Edward, Such, Miguel, Sukhatme, Kalyani, Sullivan, Joseph F., Sullivan, Pamela C., Sumner, Sandra M., Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Benjamin Dale, Swade, Daryl Allen, Swam, Michael S., Swenton, Diane F., Swoish, Robby A., Tam Litten, Oi In, Tamas, Laszlo, Tao, Andrew, Taylor, David K., Taylor, Joanna M., Plate, Maurice Te, Van Tea, Mason, Teague, Kelly K., Telfer, Randal C., Temim, Tea, Texter, Scott C., Thatte, Deepashri G., Thompson, Christopher Lee, Thompson, Linda M., Thomson, Shaun R., Thronson, Harley, Tierney, C. M., Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tinnin, Lee, Tippet, William Thomas, Todd, Connor William, Tran, Hien D., Trauger, John, Trejo, Edwin Gregorio, Vinh Truong, Justin Hoang, Tsukamoto, Christine L., Tufail, Yasir, Tumlinson, Jason, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael A., Vaclavik, Steven, Valenduc, Frida, Valenti, Jeff A., Van Campen, Julie, Van De Wetering, Inge, Van Der Marel, Roeland P., Van Haarlem, Remy, Vandenbussche, Bart, Van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Vanterpool, Dona D., Vernoy, Michael R., Vila Costas, Maria Begoña, Volk, Kevin, Voorzaat, Piet, Voyton, Mark F., Vydra, Ekaterina, Waddy, Darryl J., Waelkens, Christoffel, Wahlgren, Glenn Michael, Walker Jr, Frederick E., Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine K., Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Francis C., Wasiak, Matthew F., Wehner, James, Weiler, Kevin R., Weilert, Mark, Weiss, Stanley B., Wells, Martyn, Welty, Alan D., Wheate, Lauren, Wheeler, Thomas P., White, Christy L., Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer Margaret, Whitman, William Russell, Williams, Christina C., Willmer, Christopher N. A., Willott, Chris J., Willoughby, Scott P., Wilson, Andrew, Wilson, Debra, Wilson, Donna V., Windhorst, Rogier, Wislowski, Emily Christine, Wolfe, David J., Wolfe, Michael A., Wolff, Schuyler, Wondel, Amancio, Woo, Cindy, Woods, Robert T., Worden, Elaine, Workman, William, Wright, Gillian S., Wu, Carl, Wu, Chi-rai, Wun, Dakin D., Wymer, Kristen B., Yadetie, Thomas, Yan, Isabelle C., Yang, Keith C., Yates, Kayla L., Yeager, Christopher R., Yerger, Ethan John, Young, Erick T., Young, Gary, Yu, Gene, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean S., Zeidler, Peter, Zepp, Robert, Zhou, Julia, Zincke, Christian A., Zonak, Stephanie, and Zondag, Elisabeth
Published: 2023

33. Systematic KMTNet Planetary Anomaly Search. V. Complete Sample of 2018 Prime-Field

Author: Gould, Andrew, Han, Cheongho, Zang, Weicheng, Yang, Hongjing, Hwang, Kyu-Ha, Udalski, Andrzej, Bond, Ian A., Albrow, Michael D., Chung, Sun-Ju, Jung, Youn Kil, Ryu, Yoon-Hyun, Shin, In-Gu, Shvartzvald, Yossi, Yee, Jennifer C., Cha, Sang-Mok, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Hyoun-Woo, Kim, Seung-Lee, Lee, Chung-Uk, Lee, Dong-Joo, Lee, Yongseok, Park, Byeong-Gon, Pogge, Richard W., Mróz, Przemek, Szymański, Michał K., Skowron, Jan, Poleski, Radek, Soszyński, Igor, Pietrukowicz, Paweł, Kozłowski, Szymon, Ulaczyk, Krzysztof, Rybicki, Krzysztof A., Iwanek, Patryk, Wrona, Marcin, Abe, Fumio, Barry, Richard, Bennett, David P., Bhattacharya, Aparna, Fujii, Hirosame, Fukui, Akihiko, Hirao, Yuki, Silva, Stela Ishitani, Kirikawa, Rintaro, Kondo, Iona, Koshimoto, Naoki, Matsubara, Yutaka, Matsumoto, Sho, Miyazaki, Shota, Muraki, Yasushi, Okamura, Arisa, Olmschenk, Greg, Ranc, Clément, Rattenbury, Nicholas J., Satoh, Yuki, Sumi, Takahiro, Suzuki, Daisuke, Toda, Taiga, Tristram, Paul J., Vandorou, Aikaterini, Yama, Hibiki, Beichman, Charles, Bryden, Geoffry, Novati, Sebastiano Calchi, Gaudi, B. Scott, Henderson, Calen B., Penny, MatthewT., Jacklin, Savannah, Stassun, Keivan G., Gould, Andrew, Han, Cheongho, Zang, Weicheng, Yang, Hongjing, Hwang, Kyu-Ha, Udalski, Andrzej, Bond, Ian A., Albrow, Michael D., Chung, Sun-Ju, Jung, Youn Kil, Ryu, Yoon-Hyun, Shin, In-Gu, Shvartzvald, Yossi, Yee, Jennifer C., Cha, Sang-Mok, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Hyoun-Woo, Kim, Seung-Lee, Lee, Chung-Uk, Lee, Dong-Joo, Lee, Yongseok, Park, Byeong-Gon, Pogge, Richard W., Mróz, Przemek, Szymański, Michał K., Skowron, Jan, Poleski, Radek, Soszyński, Igor, Pietrukowicz, Paweł, Kozłowski, Szymon, Ulaczyk, Krzysztof, Rybicki, Krzysztof A., Iwanek, Patryk, Wrona, Marcin, Abe, Fumio, Barry, Richard, Bennett, David P., Bhattacharya, Aparna, Fujii, Hirosame, Fukui, Akihiko, Hirao, Yuki, Silva, Stela Ishitani, Kirikawa, Rintaro, Kondo, Iona, Koshimoto, Naoki, Matsubara, Yutaka, Matsumoto, Sho, Miyazaki, Shota, Muraki, Yasushi, Okamura, Arisa, Olmschenk, Greg, Ranc, Clément, Rattenbury, Nicholas J., Satoh, Yuki, Sumi, Takahiro, Suzuki, Daisuke, Toda, Taiga, Tristram, Paul J., Vandorou, Aikaterini, Yama, Hibiki, Beichman, Charles, Bryden, Geoffry, Novati, Sebastiano Calchi, Gaudi, B. Scott, Henderson, Calen B., Penny, MatthewT., Jacklin, Savannah, and Stassun, Keivan G.
Abstract: We complete the analysis of all 2018 prime-field microlensing planets identified by the KMTNet AnomalyFinder. Among the 10 previously unpublished events with clear planetary solutions, 8 are either unambiguously planetary or are very likely to be planetary in nature: OGLE-2018-BLG-1126, KMT-2018-BLG-2004, OGLE-2018-BLG-1647, OGLE-2018-BLG-1367, OGLE-2018-BLG-1544, OGLE-2018-BLG-0932, OGLE-2018-BLG-1212, and KMT-2018-BLG-2718. Combined with the 4 previously published new AnomalyFinder events and 12 previously published (or in preparation) planets that were discovered by eye, thismakes a total of 24 2018 prime-field planets discovered or recovered by AnomalyFinder. Together with a paper in preparation on 2018 sub-prime planets, this work lays the basis for the first statistical analysis of the planet mass-ratio function based on planets identified in KMTNet data. By systematically applying the heuristic analysis of Hwang et al. (2022) to each event, we identify the small modification in their formalism that is needed to unify the so-called close/wide and inner/outer degeneracies, as conjectured by, Comment: 22 pages, 14 tables, 15 figures
Published: 2022

34. A Dearth of Close-In Stellar Companions to M-dwarf TESS Objects of Interest

Author: Clark, Catherine A., van Belle, Gerard T., Ciardi, David R., Lund, Michael B., Howell, Steve B., Everett, Mark E., Beichman, Charles A., Winters, Jennifer G., Clark, Catherine A., van Belle, Gerard T., Ciardi, David R., Lund, Michael B., Howell, Steve B., Everett, Mark E., Beichman, Charles A., and Winters, Jennifer G.
Abstract: TESS has proven to be a powerful resource for finding planets, including those that orbit the most prevalent stars in our galaxy: the M dwarfs. Identification of stellar companions (both bound and unbound) has become a standard component of the transiting planet confirmation process in order to assess the level of light curve dilution and the possibility of the target being a false positive. Studies of stellar companions have also enabled investigations into stellar multiplicity in planet-hosting systems, which has wide-ranging implications for both exoplanet detection and characterization, as well as for the formation and evolution of planetary systems. Speckle and AO imaging are some of the most efficient and effective tools for revealing close-in stellar companions; we therefore present observations of 58 M-dwarf TOIs obtained using a suite of speckle imagers at the 3.5-m WIYN telescope, the 4.3-m Lowell Discovery Telescope, and the 8.1-m Gemini North and South telescopes. These observations, as well as near-infrared adaptive optics images obtained for a subset (14) of these TOIs, revealed only two close-in stellar companions. Upon surveying the literature, and cross-matching our sample with Gaia, SUPERWIDE, and the catalog from El-Badry et al. (2021), we reveal an additional 15 widely-separated common proper motion companions. We also evaluate the potential for undetected close-in companions. Taking into consideration the sensitivity of the observations, our findings suggest that the orbital period distribution of stellar companions to planet-hosting M dwarfs is shifted to longer periods compared to the expected distribution for field M dwarfs., Comment: 28 pages: 24 pages of text with 9 figures, 4 pages of figures in the appendix. Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
Published: 2022

35. A close-in puffy Neptune with hidden friends: The enigma of TOI 620

Author: Reefe, Michael A., Luque, Rafael, Gaidos, Eric, Beard, Corey, Plavchan, Peter P., Cointepas, Marion, Cale, Bryson L., Palle, Enric, Parviainen, Hannu, Feliz, Dax L., Eastman, Jason, Stassun, Keivan, Gagné, Jonathan, Jenkins, Jon M., Boyd, Patricia T., Kidwell, Richard C., McDermott, Scott, Collins, Karen A., Fong, William, Guerrero, Natalia, Almenara-Villa, Jose-Manuel, Bean, Jacob, Beichman, Charles A., Berberian, John, Bieryla, Allyson, Bonfils, Xavier, Bouchy, François, Brady, Madison, Bryant, Edward M., Cacciapuoti, Luca, Cañas, Caleb I., Ciardi, David R., Collins, Kevin I., Crossfield, Ian, Dressing, Courtney D., Eigmueller, Philipp, Mufti, Mohammed El, Esparza-Borges, Emma, Fukui, Akihiko, Gao, Peter, Geneser, Claire, Gnilka, Crystal L., Gonzales, Erica, Gupta, Arvind F., Halverson, Sam, Hearty, Fred, Howell, Steve B., Irwin, Jonathan, Kanodia, Shubham, Kasper, David, Kodama, Takanori, Kostov, Veselin, Latham, David W., Lendl, Monika, Lin, Andrea, Livingston, John H., Lubin, Jack, Mahadevan, Suvrath, Matson, Rachel, Matthews, Elisabeth, Murgas, Felipe, Narita, Norio, Newman, Patrick, Ninan, Joe, Osborn, Ares, Quinn, Samuel N., Robertson, Paul, Roy, Arpita, Schlieder, Joshua, Schwab, Christian, Seifahrt, Andreas, Smith, Gareth D., Sohani, Ahmad, Stefánsson, Guðmundur, Stevens, Daniel, Stürmer, Julian, Tanner, Angelle, Terrien, Ryan, Teske, Johanna, Vermilion, David, Wang, Sharon X., Wittrock, Justin, Wright, Jason T., Zechmeister, Mathias, Zohrabi, Farzaneh, Reefe, Michael A., Luque, Rafael, Gaidos, Eric, Beard, Corey, Plavchan, Peter P., Cointepas, Marion, Cale, Bryson L., Palle, Enric, Parviainen, Hannu, Feliz, Dax L., Eastman, Jason, Stassun, Keivan, Gagné, Jonathan, Jenkins, Jon M., Boyd, Patricia T., Kidwell, Richard C., McDermott, Scott, Collins, Karen A., Fong, William, Guerrero, Natalia, Almenara-Villa, Jose-Manuel, Bean, Jacob, Beichman, Charles A., Berberian, John, Bieryla, Allyson, Bonfils, Xavier, Bouchy, François, Brady, Madison, Bryant, Edward M., Cacciapuoti, Luca, Cañas, Caleb I., Ciardi, David R., Collins, Kevin I., Crossfield, Ian, Dressing, Courtney D., Eigmueller, Philipp, Mufti, Mohammed El, Esparza-Borges, Emma, Fukui, Akihiko, Gao, Peter, Geneser, Claire, Gnilka, Crystal L., Gonzales, Erica, Gupta, Arvind F., Halverson, Sam, Hearty, Fred, Howell, Steve B., Irwin, Jonathan, Kanodia, Shubham, Kasper, David, Kodama, Takanori, Kostov, Veselin, Latham, David W., Lendl, Monika, Lin, Andrea, Livingston, John H., Lubin, Jack, Mahadevan, Suvrath, Matson, Rachel, Matthews, Elisabeth, Murgas, Felipe, Narita, Norio, Newman, Patrick, Ninan, Joe, Osborn, Ares, Quinn, Samuel N., Robertson, Paul, Roy, Arpita, Schlieder, Joshua, Schwab, Christian, Seifahrt, Andreas, Smith, Gareth D., Sohani, Ahmad, Stefánsson, Guðmundur, Stevens, Daniel, Stürmer, Julian, Tanner, Angelle, Terrien, Ryan, Teske, Johanna, Vermilion, David, Wang, Sharon X., Wittrock, Justin, Wright, Jason T., Zechmeister, Mathias, and Zohrabi, Farzaneh
Abstract: We present the validation of a transiting low-density exoplanet orbiting the M2.5 dwarf TOI 620 discovered by the NASA TESS mission. We utilize photometric data from both TESS and ground-based follow-up observations to validate the ephemerides of the 5.09-day transiting signal and vet false positive scenarios. High-contrast imaging data are used to resolve the stellar host and exclude stellar companions at separations $\gtrsim 0.2''$. We obtain follow-up spectroscopy and corresponding precise radial velocities (RVs) with multiple PRV spectrographs to confirm the planetary nature of the transiting exoplanet. We calculate a 5$\sigma$ upper limit of $M_P < 7.1$ M$_\oplus$ and $\rho_P < 0.74$ g cm$^{-3}$, and we identify a non-transiting 17.7-day candidate. We also find evidence for a substellar (1-20 M$_{\rm J}$) companion with a projected separation $\lesssim 20$ au from a combined analysis of Gaia, AO imaging, and RVs. With the discovery of this outer companion, we carry out a detailed exploration of the possibilities that TOI 620 b might instead be a circum-secondary planet or a pair of eclipsing binary stars orbiting the host in a hierarchical triple system. We find, under scrutiny, that we can exclude both of these scenarios from the multi-wavelength transit photometry, thus validating TOI 620 b as a low-density exoplanet transiting the central star in this system. The low density of TOI 620 b makes it one of the most amenable exoplanets for atmospheric characterization, such as with JWST and Ariel, validated or confirmed by the TESS mission to date., Comment: 64 pages, 34 figures, 22 tables. Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
Published: 2022

36. Scaling K2. V. Statistical Validation of 60 New Exoplanets From K2 Campaigns 2-18

Author: Christiansen, Jessie L., Bhure, Sakhee, Zink, Jon K., Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin K., Adkins, Britt Duffy, Hedges, Christina, Morton, Timothy D., Bieryla, Allyson, Ciardi, David R., Cochran, William D., Dressing, Courtney D., Everett, Mark E., Isaacson, Howard, Livingston, John H., Ziegler, Carl, Berlind, Perry, Calkins, Michael L., Esquerdo, Gilbert A., Latham, David W., Endl, Michael, MacQueen, Phillip J., Fulton, Benjamin J., Hirsch, Lea A., Howard, Andrew W., Weiss, Lauren M., Allen, Bridgette E., Berberyann, Arthur, Ciardi, Krys N., Dunlavy, Ava, Glassford, Sofia H., Dai, Fei, Hirano, Teruyuki, Tamura, Motohide, Beichman, Charles, Gonzales, Erica J., Schlieder, Joshua E., Barclay, Thomas, Crossfield, Ian J. M., Gilbert, Emily A., Matthews, Elisabeth C., Giacalone, Steven, Petigura, Erik A., Christiansen, Jessie L., Bhure, Sakhee, Zink, Jon K., Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin K., Adkins, Britt Duffy, Hedges, Christina, Morton, Timothy D., Bieryla, Allyson, Ciardi, David R., Cochran, William D., Dressing, Courtney D., Everett, Mark E., Isaacson, Howard, Livingston, John H., Ziegler, Carl, Berlind, Perry, Calkins, Michael L., Esquerdo, Gilbert A., Latham, David W., Endl, Michael, MacQueen, Phillip J., Fulton, Benjamin J., Hirsch, Lea A., Howard, Andrew W., Weiss, Lauren M., Allen, Bridgette E., Berberyann, Arthur, Ciardi, Krys N., Dunlavy, Ava, Glassford, Sofia H., Dai, Fei, Hirano, Teruyuki, Tamura, Motohide, Beichman, Charles, Gonzales, Erica J., Schlieder, Joshua E., Barclay, Thomas, Crossfield, Ian J. M., Gilbert, Emily A., Matthews, Elisabeth C., Giacalone, Steven, and Petigura, Erik A.
Abstract: The NASA K2 mission, salvaged from the hardware failures of the Kepler telescope, has continued Kepler's planet-hunting success. It has revealed nearly 500 transiting planets around the ecliptic plane, many of which are the subject of further study, and over 1000 additional candidates. Here we present the results of an ongoing project to follow-up and statistically validate new K2 planets, in particular to identify promising new targets for further characterization. By analyzing the reconnaissance spectra, high-resolution imaging, centroid variations, and statistical likelihood of the signals of 91 candidates, we validate 60 new planets in 46 systems. These include: a number of planets amenable to transmission spectroscopy (K2-384 f, K2-387 b, K2-390 b, K2-403 b, and K2-398 c), emission spectroscopy (K2-371 b, K2-370 b, and K2-399 b), and both (K2-405 b and K2-406 b); several systems with planets in or close to mean motion resonances (K2-381, K2-398) including a compact, TRAPPIST-1-like system of five small planets orbiting a mid-M dwarf (K2-384); an ultra-short period sub-Saturn in the hot Saturn desert (K2-399 b); and a super-Earth orbiting a moderately bright (V=11.93), metal-poor ([Fe/H]=-0.579+/-0.080) host star (K2-408 b). In total we validate planets around 4 F stars, 26 G stars, 13 K stars, and 3 M dwarfs. In addition, we provide a list of 37 vetted planet candidates that should be prioritized for future follow-up observation in order to be confirmed or validated., Comment: 50 pages, 14 figures, 7 tables, accepted in AJ; replaced to fix error in planet name (thanks Travis!) and error in figure label
Published: 2022

37. A transiting, temperate mini-Neptune orbiting the M dwarf TOI-1759 unveiled by TESS

Author: Espinoza, Néstor, Pallé, Enric, Kemmer, Jonas, Luque, Rafael, Caballero, José A., Cifuentes, Carlos, Herrero, Enrique, Béjar, Víctor J. Sánchez, Stock, Stephan, Molaverdikhani, Karan, Morello, Giuseppe, Kossakowski, Diana, Schlecker, Martin, Amado, Pedro J., Bluhm, Paz, Cortés-Contreras, Miriam, Henning, Thomas, Kreidberg, Laura, Kürster, Martin, Lafarga, Marina, Lodieu, Nicolas, Morales, Juan Carlos, Oshagh, Mahmoudreza, Passegger, Vera M., Pavlov, Alexey, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Reffert, Sabine, Reiners, Ansgar, Ribas, Ignasi, Rodríguez, Eloy, López, Cristina Rodríguez, Schweitzer, Andreas, Trifonov, Trifon, Chaturvedi, Priyanka, Dreizler, Stefan, Jeffers, Sandra V., Kaminski, Adrian, López-González, María José, Lillo-Box, Jorge, Montes, David, Nowak, Grzegorz, Pedraz, Santos, Vanaverbeke, Siegfried, Osorio, Maria R. Zapatero, Zechmeister, Mathias, Collins, Karen A., Girardin, Eric, Guerra, Pere, Naves, Ramon, Crossfield, Ian J. M., Matthews, Elisabeth C., Howell, Steve B., Ciardi, David R., Gonzales, Erica, Matson, Rachel A., Beichman, Charles A., Schlieder, Joshua E., Barclay, Thomas, Vezie, Michael, Villaseñor, Jesus Noel, Daylan, Tansu, Mireies, Ismael, Dragomir, Diana, Twicken, Joseph D., Jenkins, Jon, Winn, Joshua N., Latham, David, Ricker, George, Seager, Sara, Espinoza, Néstor, Pallé, Enric, Kemmer, Jonas, Luque, Rafael, Caballero, José A., Cifuentes, Carlos, Herrero, Enrique, Béjar, Víctor J. Sánchez, Stock, Stephan, Molaverdikhani, Karan, Morello, Giuseppe, Kossakowski, Diana, Schlecker, Martin, Amado, Pedro J., Bluhm, Paz, Cortés-Contreras, Miriam, Henning, Thomas, Kreidberg, Laura, Kürster, Martin, Lafarga, Marina, Lodieu, Nicolas, Morales, Juan Carlos, Oshagh, Mahmoudreza, Passegger, Vera M., Pavlov, Alexey, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Reffert, Sabine, Reiners, Ansgar, Ribas, Ignasi, Rodríguez, Eloy, López, Cristina Rodríguez, Schweitzer, Andreas, Trifonov, Trifon, Chaturvedi, Priyanka, Dreizler, Stefan, Jeffers, Sandra V., Kaminski, Adrian, López-González, María José, Lillo-Box, Jorge, Montes, David, Nowak, Grzegorz, Pedraz, Santos, Vanaverbeke, Siegfried, Osorio, Maria R. Zapatero, Zechmeister, Mathias, Collins, Karen A., Girardin, Eric, Guerra, Pere, Naves, Ramon, Crossfield, Ian J. M., Matthews, Elisabeth C., Howell, Steve B., Ciardi, David R., Gonzales, Erica, Matson, Rachel A., Beichman, Charles A., Schlieder, Joshua E., Barclay, Thomas, Vezie, Michael, Villaseñor, Jesus Noel, Daylan, Tansu, Mireies, Ismael, Dragomir, Diana, Twicken, Joseph D., Jenkins, Jon, Winn, Joshua N., Latham, David, Ricker, George, and Seager, Sara
Abstract: We report the discovery and characterization of TOI-1759~b, a temperate (400 K) sub-Neptune-sized exoplanet orbiting the M~dwarf TOI-1759 (TIC 408636441). TOI-1759 b was observed by TESS to transit on sectors 16, 17 and 24, with only one transit observed per sector, creating an ambiguity on the orbital period of the planet candidate. Ground-based photometric observations, combined with radial-velocity measurements obtained with the CARMENES spectrograph, confirm an actual period of $18.85019 \pm 0.00014$ d. A joint analysis of all available photometry and radial velocities reveal a radius of $3.17 \pm 0.10\,R_\oplus$ and a mass of $10.8 \pm 1.5\,M_\oplus$. Combining this with the stellar properties derived for TOI-1759 ($R_\star = 0.597 \pm 0.015\,R_\odot$; $M_\star = 0.606 \pm 0.020\,M_\odot$; $T_{\textrm{eff}} = 4065 \pm 51$ K), we compute a transmission spectroscopic metric (TSM) value of over 80 for the planet, making it a good target for transmission spectroscopy studies. TOI-1759 b is among the top five temperate, small exoplanets ($T_\textrm{eq} < 500$ K, $R_p < 4 \,R_\oplus$) with the highest TSM discovered to date. Two additional signals with periods of 80 d and $>$ 200 d seem to be present in our radial velocities. While our data suggest both could arise from stellar activity, the later signal's source and periodicity are hard to pinpoint given the $\sim 200$ d baseline of our radial-velocity campaign with CARMENES. Longer baseline radial-velocity campaigns should be performed in order to unveil the true nature of this long period signal., Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures, 7 tables. AJ in press
Published: 2022
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38. A spatially-resolved large cavity of the J0337 protoplanetary disk in Perseus

Author: Uyama, Taichi, Ruane, Garreth, Lawson, Kellen, Muto, Takayuki, Beichman, Charles, van der Marel, Nienke, Uyama, Taichi, Ruane, Garreth, Lawson, Kellen, Muto, Takayuki, Beichman, Charles, and van der Marel, Nienke
Abstract: We present Keck/NIRC2 $K_{\rm p}L_{\rm p}$ high-contrast imaging observations of a J0337 protoplanetary disk. The data discover the spatially-resolved large cavity, which is the second report among protoplanetary disks in the Perseus star forming region after the LkH$\alpha$~330 system. Our data and forward modeling using RADMC-3D suggests $\sim80$~au for the cavity radius. There is discrepancy between J0337's SED and the modeled SED at $\sim10\micron$ and this suggests an unseen inner disk. We also searched for companions around J0337 but did not detect any companion candidates at separations between $0\farcs1$ and $2\farcs5$. The $L_{\rm p}$-band detection limit corresponds to $\sim20 M_{\rm Jup}$ at 60~au, $\sim9-10 M_{\rm Jup}$ at 90~au, and $\sim3 M_{\rm Jup}$ at $>120$~au. Compared with other young systems with large cavities such as PDS~70 and RX~J1604, multiple Jovian planets, a single eccentric Jovian planet, or a massive brown-dwarf at an inner separation could exist within the cavity., Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in AJ
Published: 2022
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39. OGLE-2016-BLG-1093Lb: A Sub-Jupiter-mass Spitzer Planet Located in Galactic Bulge

Author: Shin, In-Gu, Yee, Jennifer C., Hwang, Kyu-Ha, Gould, Andrew, Udalski, Andrzej, Bond, Ian A., Albrow, Michael D., Chung, Sun-Ju, Han, Cheongho, Jung, Youn Kil, Kim, Hyoun Woo, Ryu, Yoon-Hyun, Shvartzvald, Yossi, Zang, Weicheng, Cha, Sang-Mok, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Seung-Lee, Lee, Chung-Uk, Lee, Dong-Joo, Lee, Yongseok, Park, Byeong-Gon, Pogge, Richard W., Mróz, Przemek, Szymański, Michał K., Skowron, Jan, Poleski, Radek, Soszyński, Igor, Pietrukowicz, Paweł, Kozłowski, Szymon, Ulaczyk, Krzysztof, Beichman, Charles A., Bryden, Geoffery, Novati, Sebastiano Calchi, Carey, Sean, Gaudi, B. Scott, Henderson, Calen B., Zhu, Wei, Abe, Fumio, Barry, Richard K., Bennett, David P., Bhattacharya, Aparna, Fujii, Hirosane, Fukui, Akihiko, Hirao, Yuki, Itow, Yoshitaka, Kirikawa, Rintaro, Koshimoto, Naoki, Kondo, Iona, Matsubara, Yutaka, Matsumoto, Sho, Miyazaki, Shota, Muraki, Yasushi, Olmschenk, Greg, Okamura, Arisa, Ranc, Clément, Rattenbury, Nicholas J., Satoh, Yuki, Silva, Stela Ishitani, Sumi, Takahiro, Suzuki, Daisuke, Toda, Taiga, Tristram, Paul J., Vandorou, Aikaterini, Yama, Hibiki, Shin, In-Gu, Yee, Jennifer C., Hwang, Kyu-Ha, Gould, Andrew, Udalski, Andrzej, Bond, Ian A., Albrow, Michael D., Chung, Sun-Ju, Han, Cheongho, Jung, Youn Kil, Kim, Hyoun Woo, Ryu, Yoon-Hyun, Shvartzvald, Yossi, Zang, Weicheng, Cha, Sang-Mok, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Seung-Lee, Lee, Chung-Uk, Lee, Dong-Joo, Lee, Yongseok, Park, Byeong-Gon, Pogge, Richard W., Mróz, Przemek, Szymański, Michał K., Skowron, Jan, Poleski, Radek, Soszyński, Igor, Pietrukowicz, Paweł, Kozłowski, Szymon, Ulaczyk, Krzysztof, Beichman, Charles A., Bryden, Geoffery, Novati, Sebastiano Calchi, Carey, Sean, Gaudi, B. Scott, Henderson, Calen B., Zhu, Wei, Abe, Fumio, Barry, Richard K., Bennett, David P., Bhattacharya, Aparna, Fujii, Hirosane, Fukui, Akihiko, Hirao, Yuki, Itow, Yoshitaka, Kirikawa, Rintaro, Koshimoto, Naoki, Kondo, Iona, Matsubara, Yutaka, Matsumoto, Sho, Miyazaki, Shota, Muraki, Yasushi, Olmschenk, Greg, Okamura, Arisa, Ranc, Clément, Rattenbury, Nicholas J., Satoh, Yuki, Silva, Stela Ishitani, Sumi, Takahiro, Suzuki, Daisuke, Toda, Taiga, Tristram, Paul J., Vandorou, Aikaterini, and Yama, Hibiki
Abstract: OGLE-2016-BLG-1093 is a planetary microlensing event that is part of the statistical $Spitzer$ microlens parallax sample. The precise measurement of the microlens parallax effect for this event, combined with the measurement of finite source effects, leads to a direct measurement of the lens masses and system distance: $M_{\rm host} = 0.38$--$0.57\, M_{\odot}$, $m_p = 0.59$--$0.87\, M_{\rm Jup}$, and the system is located at the Galactic bulge ($D_L \sim 8.1$ kpc). Because this was a high-magnification event, we are also able to empirically show that the "cheap-space parallax" concept Gould & Yee (2012) produces well-constrained (and consistent) results for $|\pi_{\rm E}|$. This demonstrates that this concept can be extended to many two-body lenses. Finally, we briefly explore systematics in the $Spitzer$ light curve in this event and show that their potential impact is strongly mitigated by the color-constraint., Comment: 9 Figures, 3 Tables, submitted to the AAS journal
Published: 2022

40. A super-Earth orbiting near the inner edge of the habitable zone around the M4.5 dwarf Ross 508

Author: Harakawa, Hiroki, Takarada, Takuya, Kasagi, Yui, Hirano, Teruyuki, Kotani, Takayuki, Kuzuhara, Masayuki, Omiya, Masashi, Kawahara, Hajime, Fukui, Akihiko, Hori, Yasunori, Ishikawa, Hiroyuki Tako, Ogihara, Masahiro, Livingston, John, Brandt, Timothy D., Currie, Thayne, Aoki, Wako, Beichman, Charles A., Henning, Thomas, Hodapp, Klaus, Ishizuka, Masato, Izumiura, Hideyuki, Jacobson, Shane, Janson, Markus, Kambe, Eiji, Kodama, Takanori, Kokubo, Eiichiro, Konishi, Mihoko, Krishnamurthy, Vigneshwaran, Kudo, Tomoyuki, Kurokawa, Takashi, Kusakabe, Nobuhiko, Kwon, Jungmi, Matsumoto, Yuji, McElwain, Michael W., Mitsui, Koyu, Nakagawa, Takao, Narita, Norio, Nishikawa, Jun, Nugroho, Stevanus K., Serabyn, Eugene, Serizawa, Takuma, Takahashi, Aoi, Ueda, Akitoshi, Uyama, Taichi, Vievard, Sébastien, Wang, Ji, Wisniewski, John, Tamura, Motohide, Sato, Bun’ei, Harakawa, Hiroki, Takarada, Takuya, Kasagi, Yui, Hirano, Teruyuki, Kotani, Takayuki, Kuzuhara, Masayuki, Omiya, Masashi, Kawahara, Hajime, Fukui, Akihiko, Hori, Yasunori, Ishikawa, Hiroyuki Tako, Ogihara, Masahiro, Livingston, John, Brandt, Timothy D., Currie, Thayne, Aoki, Wako, Beichman, Charles A., Henning, Thomas, Hodapp, Klaus, Ishizuka, Masato, Izumiura, Hideyuki, Jacobson, Shane, Janson, Markus, Kambe, Eiji, Kodama, Takanori, Kokubo, Eiichiro, Konishi, Mihoko, Krishnamurthy, Vigneshwaran, Kudo, Tomoyuki, Kurokawa, Takashi, Kusakabe, Nobuhiko, Kwon, Jungmi, Matsumoto, Yuji, McElwain, Michael W., Mitsui, Koyu, Nakagawa, Takao, Narita, Norio, Nishikawa, Jun, Nugroho, Stevanus K., Serabyn, Eugene, Serizawa, Takuma, Takahashi, Aoi, Ueda, Akitoshi, Uyama, Taichi, Vievard, Sébastien, Wang, Ji, Wisniewski, John, Tamura, Motohide, and Sato, Bun’ei
Abstract: We report the near-infrared radial velocity (RV) discovery of a super-Earth planet on a 10.77 d orbit around the M4.5 dwarf Ross 508 (J_(mag) = 9.1). Using precision RVs from the Subaru Telescope IRD (InfraRed Doppler) instrument, we derive a semi-amplitude of 3.92^(+0.60)_(−0.58) m s⁻¹⁠, corresponding to a planet with a minimum mass m sin i = 4.00^(+0.53)_(−0.55) M_⊕⁠. We find no evidence of significant signals at the detected period in spectroscopic stellar activity indicators or MEarth photometry. The planet, Ross 508 b, has a semi-major axis of 0.05366^(+0.00056)_(−0.00049) au. This gives an orbit-averaged insolation of ≈1.4 times the Earth’s value, placing Ross 508 b near the inner edge of its star’s habitable zone. We have explored the possibility that the planet has a high eccentricity and its host is accompanied by an additional unconfirmed companion on a wide orbit. Our discovery demonstrates that the near-infrared RV search can play a crucial role in finding a low-mass planet around cool M dwarfs like Ross 508.
Published: 2022

41. A super-Earth orbiting near the inner edge of the habitable zone around the M4.5 dwarf Ross 508

Author: Harakawa, Hiroki, Takarada, Takuya, Kasagi, Yui, Hirano, Teruyuki, Kotani, Takayuki, Kuzuhara, Masayuki, Omiya, Masashi, Kawahara, Hajime, Fukui, Akihiko, Hori, Yasunori, Ishikawa, Hiroyuki Tako, Ogihara, Masahiro, Livingston, John, Brandt, Timothy D., Currie, Thayne, Aoki, Wako, Beichman, Charles A., Henning, Thomas, Hodapp, Klaus, Ishizuka, Masato, Izumiura, Hideyuki, Jacobson, Shane, Janson, Markus, Kambe, Eiji, Kodama, Takanori, Kokubo, Eiichiro, Konishi, Mihoko, Krishnamurthy, Vigneshwaran, Kudo, Tomoyuki, Kurokawa, Takashi, Kusakabe, Nobuhiko, Kwon, Jungmi, Matsumoto, Yuji, McElwain, Michael W., Mitsui, Koyu, Nakagawa, Takao, Narita, Norio, Nishikawa, Jun, Nugroho, Stevanus K., Serabyn, Eugene, Serizawa, Takuma, Takahashi, Aoi, Ueda, Akitoshi, Uyama, Taichi, Vievard, Sébastien, Wang, Ji, Wisniewski, John, Tamura, Motohide, Sato, Bun'ei, Harakawa, Hiroki, Takarada, Takuya, Kasagi, Yui, Hirano, Teruyuki, Kotani, Takayuki, Kuzuhara, Masayuki, Omiya, Masashi, Kawahara, Hajime, Fukui, Akihiko, Hori, Yasunori, Ishikawa, Hiroyuki Tako, Ogihara, Masahiro, Livingston, John, Brandt, Timothy D., Currie, Thayne, Aoki, Wako, Beichman, Charles A., Henning, Thomas, Hodapp, Klaus, Ishizuka, Masato, Izumiura, Hideyuki, Jacobson, Shane, Janson, Markus, Kambe, Eiji, Kodama, Takanori, Kokubo, Eiichiro, Konishi, Mihoko, Krishnamurthy, Vigneshwaran, Kudo, Tomoyuki, Kurokawa, Takashi, Kusakabe, Nobuhiko, Kwon, Jungmi, Matsumoto, Yuji, McElwain, Michael W., Mitsui, Koyu, Nakagawa, Takao, Narita, Norio, Nishikawa, Jun, Nugroho, Stevanus K., Serabyn, Eugene, Serizawa, Takuma, Takahashi, Aoi, Ueda, Akitoshi, Uyama, Taichi, Vievard, Sébastien, Wang, Ji, Wisniewski, John, Tamura, Motohide, and Sato, Bun'ei
Abstract: We report the near-infrared radial velocity (RV) discovery of a super-Earth planet on a 10.77 d orbit around the M4.5 dwarf Ross 508 (Jmag = 9.1). Using precision RVs from the Subaru Telescope IRD (InfraRed Doppler) instrument, we derive a semi-amplitude of 3.92 $\overset{+0.60}{-0.58}"$ ms−1⁠, corresponding to a planet with a minimum mass msini=4.00 $\overset{+0.53}{-0.55}"$ M⊕⁠. We find no evidence of significant signals at the detected period in spectroscopic stellar activity indicators or MEarth photometry. The planet, Ross 508 b, has a semi-major axis of 0.05366 $\overset{+0.00056}{-0.00049}"$ au. This gives an orbit-averaged insolation of ≈1.4 times the Earth’s value, placing Ross 508 b near the inner edge of its star’s habitable zone. We have explored the possibility that the planet has a high eccentricity and its host is accompanied by an additional unconfirmed companion on a wide orbit. Our discovery demonstrates that the near-infrared RV search can play a crucial role in finding a low-mass planet around cool M dwarfs like Ross 508.
Published: 2022
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42. Evidence for the volatile-rich composition of a 1.5-Earth-radius planet

Author: Piaulet, Caroline, Benneke, Björn, Almenara, Jose M., Dragomir, Diana, Knutson, Heather A., Thorngren, Daniel, Peterson, Merrin S., Crossfield, Ian J. M., Kempton, Eliza M.-R., Kubyshkina, Daria, Howard, Andrew W., Angus, Ruth, Isaacson, Howard, Weiss, Lauren M., Beichman, Charles A., Fortney, Jonathan J., Fossati, Luca, Lammer, Helmut, McCullough, P. R., Morley, Caroline V., Wong, Ian, Piaulet, Caroline, Benneke, Björn, Almenara, Jose M., Dragomir, Diana, Knutson, Heather A., Thorngren, Daniel, Peterson, Merrin S., Crossfield, Ian J. M., Kempton, Eliza M.-R., Kubyshkina, Daria, Howard, Andrew W., Angus, Ruth, Isaacson, Howard, Weiss, Lauren M., Beichman, Charles A., Fortney, Jonathan J., Fossati, Luca, Lammer, Helmut, McCullough, P. R., Morley, Caroline V., and Wong, Ian
Abstract: The population of planets smaller than approximately 1.7 Earth radii (R_⊕) is widely interpreted as consisting of rocky worlds, generally referred to as super-Earths. This picture is largely corroborated by radial velocity mass measurements for close-in super-Earths but lacks constraints at lower insolations. Here we present the results of a detailed study of the Kepler-138 system using 13 Hubble and Spitzer transit observations of the warm-temperate 1.51 ± 0.04 R_⊕ planet Kepler-138 d (T_(eq,AB) = 0.3 ≈ 350K) combined with new radial velocity measurements of its host star obtained with the Keck/High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer. We find evidence for a volatile-rich ‘water world’ nature of Kepler-138 d, with a large fraction of its mass M_d contained in a thick volatile layer. This finding is independently supported by transit timing variations and radial velocity observations (M_d = 2.1^(+0.6)_(−0.7) M_⊕), as well as the flat optical/infrared transmission spectrum. Quantitatively, we infer a composition of 11⁺³₋₄% volatiles by mass or ~51% by volume, with a 2,000-km-deep water mantle and atmosphere on top of a core with an Earth-like silicates/iron ratio. Any hypothetical hydrogen layer consistent with the observations (<0.003 M_⊕) would have swiftly been lost on a ~10 Myr timescale. The bulk composition of Kepler-138 d therefore resembles those of the icy moons, rather than the terrestrial planets, in the Solar System. We conclude that not all super-Earths are rocky worlds, but that volatile-rich water worlds exist in an overlapping size regime, especially at lower insolations. Finally, our photodynamical analysis also reveals that Kepler-138 c (with a R_c = 1.51 ± 0.04 R_⊕ and a M_c = 2.3^(+0.6)_(−0.5) M_⊕) is a slightly warmer twin of Kepler-138 d (that is, another water world in the same system) and we infer the presence of Kepler-138 e, a likely non-transiting planet at the inner edge of the habitable zone.
Published: 2022

43. Evidence for the volatile-rich composition of a 1.5-$R_\oplus$ planet

Author: Piaulet, Caroline, Benneke, Björn, Almenara, Jose M., Dragomir, Diana, Knutson, Heather A., Thorngren, Daniel, Peterson, Merrin S., Crossfield, Ian J. M., Kempton, Eliza M. -R., Kubyshkina, Daria, Howard, Andrew W., Angus, Ruth, Isaacson, Howard, Weiss, Lauren M., Beichman, Charles A., Fortney, Jonathan J., Fossati, Luca, Lammer, Helmut, McCullough, P. R., Morley, Caroline V., Wong, Ian, Piaulet, Caroline, Benneke, Björn, Almenara, Jose M., Dragomir, Diana, Knutson, Heather A., Thorngren, Daniel, Peterson, Merrin S., Crossfield, Ian J. M., Kempton, Eliza M. -R., Kubyshkina, Daria, Howard, Andrew W., Angus, Ruth, Isaacson, Howard, Weiss, Lauren M., Beichman, Charles A., Fortney, Jonathan J., Fossati, Luca, Lammer, Helmut, McCullough, P. R., Morley, Caroline V., and Wong, Ian
Abstract: The population of planets smaller than approximately $1.7~R_\oplus$ is widely interpreted as consisting of rocky worlds, generally referred to as super-Earths. This picture is largely corroborated by radial-velocity (RV) mass measurements for close-in super-Earths but lacks constraints at lower insolations. Here we present the results of a detailed study of the Kepler-138 system using 13 Hubble and Spitzer transit observations of the warm-temperate $1.51\pm0.04~R_\oplus$ planet Kepler-138 d ($T_{\mathrm{eq, A_B=0.3}}$~350 K) combined with new Keck/HIRES RV measurements of its host star. We find evidence for a volatile-rich "water world" nature of Kepler-138 d, with a large fraction of its mass contained in a thick volatile layer. This finding is independently supported by transit timing variations, RV observations ($M_d=2.1_{-0.7}^{+0.6}~M_\oplus$), as well as the flat optical/IR transmission spectrum. Quantitatively, we infer a composition of $11_{-4}^{+3}$\% volatiles by mass or ~51% by volume, with a 2000 km deep water mantle and atmosphere on top of a core with an Earth-like silicates/iron ratio. Any hypothetical hydrogen layer consistent with the observations ($<0.003~M_\oplus$) would have swiftly been lost on a ~10 Myr timescale. The bulk composition of Kepler-138 d therefore resembles those of the icy moons rather than the terrestrial planets in the solar system. We conclude that not all super-Earth-sized planets are rocky worlds, but that volatile-rich water worlds exist in an overlapping size regime, especially at lower insolations. Finally, our photodynamical analysis also reveals that Kepler-138 c ($R_c=1.51 \pm 0.04~R_\oplus$, $M_c=2.3_{-0.5}^{+0.6}~M_\oplus$) is a slightly warmer twin of Kepler-138 d, i.e., another water world in the same system, and we infer the presence of Kepler-138 e, a likely non-transiting planet at the inner edge of the habitable zone., Comment: Published in Nature Astronomy. 4 main figures, 10 extended data figures, 13 supplementary figures. 4 tables
Published: 2022
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44. JWST NIRCam Defocused Imaging: Photometric Stability Performance and How it Can Sense Mirror Tilts

Author: Schlawin, Everett, Beatty, Thomas, Brooks, Brian, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Greene, Thomas P., Espinoza, Néstor, Glidic, Kayli, Baka, Keith, Egami, Eiichi, Stansberry, John, Boyer, Martha, Gennaro, Mario, Leisenring, Jarron, Hilbert, Bryan, Misselt, Karl, Kelly, Doug, Canipe, Alicia, Beichman, Charles, Correnti, Matteo, Knight, J. Scott, Jurling, Alden, Perrin, Marshall D., Feinberg, Lee D., McElwain, Michael W., Bond, Nicholas, Ciardi, David, Kendrew, Sarah, Rieke, Marcia, Schlawin, Everett, Beatty, Thomas, Brooks, Brian, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Greene, Thomas P., Espinoza, Néstor, Glidic, Kayli, Baka, Keith, Egami, Eiichi, Stansberry, John, Boyer, Martha, Gennaro, Mario, Leisenring, Jarron, Hilbert, Bryan, Misselt, Karl, Kelly, Doug, Canipe, Alicia, Beichman, Charles, Correnti, Matteo, Knight, J. Scott, Jurling, Alden, Perrin, Marshall D., Feinberg, Lee D., McElwain, Michael W., Bond, Nicholas, Ciardi, David, Kendrew, Sarah, and Rieke, Marcia
Abstract: We use JWST NIRCam short wavelength photometry to capture a transit lightcurve of the exoplanet HAT-P-14 b to assess performance as part of instrument commissioning. The short wavelength precision is 152 ppm per 27 second integration as measured over the full time series compared to a theoretical limit of 107 ppm, after corrections to spatially correlated 1/f noise. Persistence effects from charge trapping are well fit by an exponential function with short characteristic timescales, settling on the order of 5-15 minutes. The short wavelength defocused photometry is also uniquely well suited to measure the realtime wavefront error of JWST. Analysis of the images and reconstructed wavefront maps indicate that two different hexagonal primary mirror segments exhibited "tilt events" where they changed orientation rapidly in less than ~1.4 seconds. In some cases, the magnitude and timing of the flux jumps caused by tilt events can be accurately predicted with a telescope model. These tilt events can be sensed by simultaneous longer-wavelength NIRCam grism spectral images alone in the form of changes to the point spread function, diagnosed from the FWHM. They can also be sensed with the FGS instrument from difference images. Tilt events possibly from sudden releases of stress in the backplane structure behind the mirrors were expected during the commissioning period because they were found in ground-based testing. Tilt events have shown signs of decreasing in frequency but have not disappeared completely. The detectors exhibit some minor (less than 1%) deviations from linear behavior in the first few groups of each integration, potentially impacting absolute fluxes and transit depths on bright targets where only a handful of groups are possible. Overall, the noise is within 50% of the theoretical photon noise and read noise. This bodes well for high precision time series measurements., Comment: PASP, Accepted for Publication
Published: 2022
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45. VaTEST I: Validation of Sub-Saturn Exoplanet TOI-181b in Narrow Orbit from its Host Star

Author: Mistry, Priyashkumar, Pathak, Kamlesh, Lekkas, Georgios, Prasad, Aniket, Bhattarai, Surendra, Maity, Mousam, Beichman, Charles A., Ciardi, David R., Evans, Phil, Bieryla, Allyson, Eastman, Jason D., Latham, David W., Esquerdo, Gilbert A., Lucero, Jennifer P., Mistry, Priyashkumar, Pathak, Kamlesh, Lekkas, Georgios, Prasad, Aniket, Bhattarai, Surendra, Maity, Mousam, Beichman, Charles A., Ciardi, David R., Evans, Phil, Bieryla, Allyson, Eastman, Jason D., Latham, David W., Esquerdo, Gilbert A., and Lucero, Jennifer P.
Abstract: We present here a validation of sub-Saturn exoplanet TOI-181b orbiting a K spectral type star TOI-181 (Mass: 0.822 $\pm$ 0.04 M$_{\odot}$, Radius: 0.745 $\pm$ 0.02 R$_{\odot}$, Temperature: 4994 $\pm$ 50 K) as a part of Validation of Transiting Exoplanets using Statistical Tools (VaTEST) project. TOI-181b is a planet with radius 6.95 $\pm$ 0.08 R$_{\oplus}$, mass 46.16 $\pm$ 2.71 M$_{\oplus}$, orbiting in a slightly eccentric orbit with eccentricity 0.15 $\pm$ 0.06 and semi-major axis of 0.054 $\pm$ 0.004 AU, with an orbital period of 4.5320 $\pm$ 0.000002 days. The transit photometry data was collected using Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and spectroscopic data for radial velocity analysis was collected using The European Southern Observatory's (ESO) High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) telescope. Based on the radial velocity best-fit model we measured RV semi-amplitude to be 20.56 $\pm$ 2.37 m s$^{-1}$. Additionally, we used \texttt{VESPA} and \texttt{TRICERATOPS} to compute the False Positive Probability (FPP), and the findings were FPP values of $1.68\times10^{-14}$ and $3.81\times10^{-04}$, respectively, which are significantly lower than the 1% threshold. The finding of TOI-181b is significant in the perspective of future work on the formation and migration history of analogous planetary systems since warm sub-Saturns are uncommon in the known sample of exoplanets., Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, submitted to MNRAS, Structural changes are made, New results
Published: 2022
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46. A sub-Neptune transiting the young field star HD 18599 at 40 pc

Author: de Leon, Jerome P., Livingston, John H., Jenkins, James S., Vines, Jose I., Wittenmyer, Robert A., Clark, Jake T., Winn, Joshua I. M., Addison, Brett, Ballard, Sarah, Bayliss, Daniel, Beichman, Charles, Benneke, Björn, Berardo, David Anthony, Bowler, Brendan P., Brown, Tim, Bryant, Edward M., Christiansen, Jessie, Ciardi, David, Collins, Karen A., Collins, Kevin I., Crossfield, Ian, Deming, Drake, Dragomir, Diana, Dressing, Courtney D., Fukui, Akihiko, Gan, Tianjun, Giacalone, Steven, Gill, Samuel, Alvarez, Erica Gonz\' alez, Hesse, Katharine, Horner, Jonathan, Howell, Steve B., Jenkins, Jon M., Kane, Stephen R., Kendall, Alicia, Kielkopf, John F., Kreidberg, Laura, Latham, David W., Liu, Huigen, Lund, Michael B., Matson, Rachel, Matthews, Elisabeth, Mengel, Matthew W., Morales, Farisa, Mori, Mayuko, Narita, Norio, Nishiumi, Taku, Okumura, Jack, Plavchan, Peter, Quinn, Sam, Rabus, Markus, Ricker, George, Rudat, Alexander, Schlieder, Joshua, Schwarz, Richard P., Seager, Sara, Shporer, Avi, Smith, Alexis M. S., Sphorer, Avi, Stassun, Keivan, Tamura, Motohide, Tan, Thiam Guan, Tinney, C. G., Vanderspek, Roland, Gorjian, Varoujan, Werner, Michael W., West, Richard G., Wright, Duncan, Zhang, Hui, Zhou, George, de Leon, Jerome P., Livingston, John H., Jenkins, James S., Vines, Jose I., Wittenmyer, Robert A., Clark, Jake T., Winn, Joshua I. M., Addison, Brett, Ballard, Sarah, Bayliss, Daniel, Beichman, Charles, Benneke, Björn, Berardo, David Anthony, Bowler, Brendan P., Brown, Tim, Bryant, Edward M., Christiansen, Jessie, Ciardi, David, Collins, Karen A., Collins, Kevin I., Crossfield, Ian, Deming, Drake, Dragomir, Diana, Dressing, Courtney D., Fukui, Akihiko, Gan, Tianjun, Giacalone, Steven, Gill, Samuel, Alvarez, Erica Gonz\' alez, Hesse, Katharine, Horner, Jonathan, Howell, Steve B., Jenkins, Jon M., Kane, Stephen R., Kendall, Alicia, Kielkopf, John F., Kreidberg, Laura, Latham, David W., Liu, Huigen, Lund, Michael B., Matson, Rachel, Matthews, Elisabeth, Mengel, Matthew W., Morales, Farisa, Mori, Mayuko, Narita, Norio, Nishiumi, Taku, Okumura, Jack, Plavchan, Peter, Quinn, Sam, Rabus, Markus, Ricker, George, Rudat, Alexander, Schlieder, Joshua, Schwarz, Richard P., Seager, Sara, Shporer, Avi, Smith, Alexis M. S., Sphorer, Avi, Stassun, Keivan, Tamura, Motohide, Tan, Thiam Guan, Tinney, C. G., Vanderspek, Roland, Gorjian, Varoujan, Werner, Michael W., West, Richard G., Wright, Duncan, Zhang, Hui, and Zhou, George
Abstract: Transiting exoplanets orbiting young nearby stars are ideal laboratories for testing theories of planet formation and evolution. However, to date only a handful of stars with age <1 Gyr have been found to host transiting exoplanets. Here we present the discovery and validation of a sub-Neptune around HD 18599, a young (300 Myr), nearby (d=40 pc) K star. We validate the transiting planet candidate as a bona fide planet using data from the TESS, Spitzer, and Gaia missions, ground-based photometry from IRSF, LCO, PEST, and NGTS, speckle imaging from Gemini, and spectroscopy from CHIRON, NRES, FEROS, and Minerva-Australis. The planet has an orbital period of 4.13 d, and a radius of 2.7Rearth. The RV data yields a 3-sigma mass upper limit of 30.5Mearth which is explained by either a massive companion or the large observed jitter typical for a young star. The brightness of the host star (V~9 mag) makes it conducive to detailed characterization via Doppler mass measurement which will provide a rare view into the interior structure of young planets., Comment: submitted to MNRAS
Published: 2022
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47. An all-photonic, dynamic device for flattening the spectrum of a laser frequency comb for precise calibration of radial velocity measurements

Author: Jovanovic, Nemanja, Gatkine, Pradip, Shen, Boqiang, Gao, Maodong, Cvetojevic, Nick, Ławniczuk, Katarzyna, Broeke, Ronald, Beichman, Charles, Leifer, Stephanie, Jewell, Jeffery, Vasisht, Gautam, Mawet, Dimitri, Jovanovic, Nemanja, Gatkine, Pradip, Shen, Boqiang, Gao, Maodong, Cvetojevic, Nick, Ławniczuk, Katarzyna, Broeke, Ronald, Beichman, Charles, Leifer, Stephanie, Jewell, Jeffery, Vasisht, Gautam, and Mawet, Dimitri
Abstract: Laser frequency combs are fast becoming critical to reaching the highest radial velocity precisions. One shortcoming is the highly variable brightness of the comb lines across the spectrum (up to 4-5 orders of magnitude). This can result in some lines saturating while others are at low signal and lost in the noise. Losing lines to either of these effects reduces the precision and hence effectiveness of the comb. In addition, the brightness of the comb lines can vary with time which could drive comb lines with initially reasonable SNR's into the two regimes described above. To mitigate these two effects, laser frequency combs use optical flattener's. Flattener's are typically bulk optic setups that disperse the comb light with a grating, and then use a spatial light modulator to control the amplitude across the spectrum before recombining the light into another single mode fiber and sending it to the spectrograph. These setups can be large (small bench top), expensive (several hundred thousand dollars) and have limited stability. To address these issues, we have developed an all-photonic spectrum flattener on a chip. The device is constructed from optical waveguides on a SiN chip. The light from the laser frequency comb's output optical fiber can be directly connected to the chip, where the light is first dispersed using an arrayed waveguide grating. To control the brightness of each channel, the light is passed through a Mach-Zehnder interferometer before being recombined with a second arrayed waveguide grating. Thermo-optic phase modulators are used in each channel before recombination to path length match the channels as needed. Here we present the results from our first generation prototype. The device operates from 1400-1800 nm (covering the H band), with 20, 20 nm wide channels., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, conference
Published: 2022
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48. Flattening laser frequency comb spectra with a high dynamic range, broadband spectral shaper on-a-chip

Author: Jovanovic, Nemanja, Gatkine, Pradip, Shen, Boqiang, Gao, Maodong, Cvetojevic, Nick, Lawniczuk, Katarzyna, Broeke, Ronald, Beichman, Charles, Leifer, Stephanie, Jewell, Jeffery, Vasisht, Gautam, Mawet, Dimitri, Jovanovic, Nemanja, Gatkine, Pradip, Shen, Boqiang, Gao, Maodong, Cvetojevic, Nick, Lawniczuk, Katarzyna, Broeke, Ronald, Beichman, Charles, Leifer, Stephanie, Jewell, Jeffery, Vasisht, Gautam, and Mawet, Dimitri
Abstract: Spectral shaping is critical to many fields of science. In astronomy for example, the detection of exoplanets via the Doppler effect hinges on the ability to calibrate a high resolution spectrograph. Laser frequency combs can be used for this, but the wildly varying intensity across the spectrum can make it impossible to optimally utilize the entire comb, leading to a reduced overall precision of calibration. To circumvent this, astronomical applications of laser frequency combs rely on a bulk optic setup which can flatten the output spectrum before sending it to the spectrograph. Such flatteners require complex and expensive optical elements like spatial light modulators and have non-negligible bench top footprints. Here we present an alternative in the form of an all-photonic spectral shaper that can be used to flatten the spectrum of a laser frequency comb. The device consists of a circuit etched into a silicon nitride wafer that supports an arrayed-waveguide grating to disperse the light over hundreds of nanometers in wavelength, followed by Mach-Zehnder interferometers to control the amplitude of each channel, thermo-optic phase modulators to phase the channels and a second arrayed-waveguide grating to recombine the spectrum. The demonstrator device operates from 1400 to 1800 nm (covering the astronomical H band), with twenty 20 nm wide channels. The device allows for nearly 40 dBs of dynamic modulation of the spectrum via the Mach-Zehnders , which is greater than that offered by most spatial light modulators. With a superluminescent diode, we reduced the static spectral variation to ~3 dB, limited by the properties of the components used in the circuit and on a laser frequency comb we managed to reduce the modulation to 5 dBs, sufficient for astronomical applications., Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2209.09455
Published: 2022
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49. A Pair of TESS Planets Spanning the Radius Valley around the Nearby Mid-M Dwarf LTT 3780

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Cloutier, Ryan, Eastman, Jason D., Rodriguez, Joseph E., Astudillo-Defru, Nicola, Bonfils, Xavier, Mortier, Annelies, Watson, Christopher A., Stalport, Manu, Pinamonti, Matteo, Lienhard, Florian, Harutyunyan, Avet, Damasso, Mario, Latham, David W., Collins, Karen A., Massey, Robert, Irwin, Jonathan, Winters, Jennifer G., Charbonneau, David, Ziegler, Carl, Matthews, Elisabeth C, Crossfield, Ian Jm, Kreidberg, Laura, Quinn, Samuel N., Ricker, George R, Vanderspek, Roland K, Seager, Sara, Winn, Joshua, Jenkins, Jon M., Vezie, Michael L., Udry, Stéphane, Twicken, Joseph D., Tenenbaum, Peter, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Ségransan, Damien, Schlieder, Joshua E., Sasselov, Dimitar, Santos, Nuno C., Rice, Ken, Rackham, Benjamin V, Poretti, Ennio, Piotto, Giampaolo, Phillips, David, Pepe, Francesco, Molinari, Emilio, Mignon, Lucile, Micela, Giuseppina, Melo, Claudio, de Medeiros, José R., Mayor, Michel, Matson, Rachel A., Fiorenzano, Aldo F. Martinez, Mann, Andrew W., Magazzú, Antonio, Lovis, Christophe, López-Morales, Mercedes, Lopez, Eric, Lizzauer, Jack J., Lépine, Sébastien, Law, Nicholas, Kielkopf, John F., Johnson, John A., Jensen, Eric L. N., Howell, Steve B., Gonzales, Erica, Ghedina, Adriano, Forveille, Thierry, Figueira, Pedro, Dumusque, Xavier, Dressing, Courtney D., Doyon, René, Díaz, Rodrigo F., Fabrizio, Luca Di, Delfosse, Xavier, Cosentino, Rosario, Conti, Dennis M., Collins, Kevin I., Cameron, Andrew Collier, Ciardi, David, Caldwell, Douglas A., Burke, Christopher J., Buchhave, Lars, Briceño, César, Boyd, Patricia, Bouchy, François, Beichman, Charles, Artigau, Etienne, Almenara, Jose M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Cloutier, Ryan, Eastman, Jason D., Rodriguez, Joseph E., Astudillo-Defru, Nicola, Bonfils, Xavier, Mortier, Annelies, Watson, Christopher A., Stalport, Manu, Pinamonti, Matteo, Lienhard, Florian, Harutyunyan, Avet, Damasso, Mario, Latham, David W., Collins, Karen A., Massey, Robert, Irwin, Jonathan, Winters, Jennifer G., Charbonneau, David, Ziegler, Carl, Matthews, Elisabeth C, Crossfield, Ian Jm, Kreidberg, Laura, Quinn, Samuel N., Ricker, George R, Vanderspek, Roland K, Seager, Sara, Winn, Joshua, Jenkins, Jon M., Vezie, Michael L., Udry, Stéphane, Twicken, Joseph D., Tenenbaum, Peter, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Ségransan, Damien, Schlieder, Joshua E., Sasselov, Dimitar, Santos, Nuno C., Rice, Ken, Rackham, Benjamin V, Poretti, Ennio, Piotto, Giampaolo, Phillips, David, Pepe, Francesco, Molinari, Emilio, Mignon, Lucile, Micela, Giuseppina, Melo, Claudio, de Medeiros, José R., Mayor, Michel, Matson, Rachel A., Fiorenzano, Aldo F. Martinez, Mann, Andrew W., Magazzú, Antonio, Lovis, Christophe, López-Morales, Mercedes, Lopez, Eric, Lizzauer, Jack J., Lépine, Sébastien, Law, Nicholas, Kielkopf, John F., Johnson, John A., Jensen, Eric L. N., Howell, Steve B., Gonzales, Erica, Ghedina, Adriano, Forveille, Thierry, Figueira, Pedro, Dumusque, Xavier, Dressing, Courtney D., Doyon, René, Díaz, Rodrigo F., Fabrizio, Luca Di, Delfosse, Xavier, Cosentino, Rosario, Conti, Dennis M., Collins, Kevin I., Cameron, Andrew Collier, Ciardi, David, Caldwell, Douglas A., Burke, Christopher J., Buchhave, Lars, Briceño, César, Boyd, Patricia, Bouchy, François, Beichman, Charles, Artigau, Etienne, and Almenara, Jose M.
Abstract: © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved We present the confirmation of two new planets transiting the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780 (TIC 36724087, TOI-732, V = 13.07, K s = 8.204, R s = 0.374 R o˙, M s = 0.401 M o˙, d = 22 pc). The two planet candidates are identified in a single Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite sector and validated with reconnaissance spectroscopy, ground-based photometric follow-up, and high-resolution imaging. With measured orbital periods of P b = 0.77, P c = 12.25 days and sizes r p,b = 1.33 ± 0.07, r p,c = 2.30 ± 0.16 R ⊕, the two planets span the radius valley in period-radius space around low-mass stars, thus making the system a laboratory to test competing theories of the emergence of the radius valley in that stellar mass regime. By combining 63 precise radial velocity measurements from the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) and HARPS-N, we measure planet masses of mpb 2.62+ 0.48 and-0.46= mpc 8.6+1.6-1.3 M⊕, which indicates that LTT 3780b has a bulk composition consistent with being Earth-like, while LTT 3780c likely hosts an extended H/He envelope. We show that the recovered planetary masses are consistent with predictions from both photoevaporation and core-powered mass-loss models. The brightness and small size of LTT 3780, along with the measured planetary parameters, render LTT 3780b and c as accessible targets for atmospheric characterization of planets within the same planetary system and spanning the radius valley.
Published: 2022

50. Spitzer Transit Follow-up of Planet Candidates from the K2 Mission

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Livingston, John H, Crossfield, Ian Jm, Werner, Michael W, Gorjian, Varoujan, Petigura, Erik A, Ciardi, David R, Dressing, Courtney D, Fulton, Benjamin J, Hirano, Teruyuki, Schlieder, Joshua E, Sinukoff, Evan, Kosiarek, Molly, Akeson, Rachel, Beichman, Charles A, Benneke, Björn, Christiansen, Jessie L, Hansen, Bradley MS, Howard, Andrew W, Isaacson, Howard, Knutson, Heather A, Krick, Jessica, Martinez, Arturo O, Sato, Bun’ei, Tamura, Motohide, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Livingston, John H, Crossfield, Ian Jm, Werner, Michael W, Gorjian, Varoujan, Petigura, Erik A, Ciardi, David R, Dressing, Courtney D, Fulton, Benjamin J, Hirano, Teruyuki, Schlieder, Joshua E, Sinukoff, Evan, Kosiarek, Molly, Akeson, Rachel, Beichman, Charles A, Benneke, Björn, Christiansen, Jessie L, Hansen, Bradley MS, Howard, Andrew W, Isaacson, Howard, Knutson, Heather A, Krick, Jessica, Martinez, Arturo O, Sato, Bun’ei, and Tamura, Motohide
Abstract: © 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. We present precision 4.5 mm Spitzer transit photometry of eight planet candidates discovered by the K2 mission: K2-52 b, K2-53 b, EPIC 205084841.01, K2-289 b, K2-174 b, K2-87 b, K2-90 b, and K2-124 b. The sample includes four sub-Neptunes and two sub-Saturns, with radii between 2.6 and 18 R ® and equilibrium temperatures between 440 and 2000 K. In this paper we identify several targets of potential interest for future characterization studies, demonstrate the utility of transit follow-up observations for planet validation and ephemeris refinement, and present new imaging and spectroscopy data. Our simultaneous analysis of the K2 and Spitzer light curves yields improved estimates of the planet radii and multiwavelength information that helps validate their planetary nature, including the previously unvalidated candidate EPIC 205686202.01 (K2-289 b). Our Spitzer observations yield an order-of-magnitude increase in ephemeris precision, thus paving the way for efficient future study of these interesting systems by reducing the typical transit timing uncertainty in mid-2021 from several hours to a dozen or so minutes. K2-53 b, K2-289 b, K2-174 b, K2-87 b, and K2-90 b are promising radial velocity (RV) targets given the performance of spectrographs available today or in development, and the M3V star K2-124 hosts a temperate sub-Neptune that is potentially a good target for both RV and atmospheric characterization studies.
Published: 2022

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