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1. Exploratory study of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and age of onset of bipolar disorder

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürsat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei-Ling, Cheung, Eric Y. W., Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gitlin, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C. M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Hoffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martini, Julia, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Mikolas, Pavol, Mok, Yee Ming, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O’Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Petzold, Johannes, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard J., Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Angela M., Simhandl, Christian, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse, Paul W., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan-Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürsat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei-Ling, Cheung, Eric Y. W., Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gitlin, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C. M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Hoffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martini, Julia, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Mikolas, Pavol, Mok, Yee Ming, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O’Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Petzold, Johannes, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard J., Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Angela M., Simhandl, Christian, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse, Paul W., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan-Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Background Sunlight contains ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation that triggers the production of vitamin D by skin. Vitamin D has widespread effects on brain function in both developing and adult brains. However, many people live at latitudes (about > 40 N or S) that do not receive enough UVB in winter to produce vitamin D. This exploratory study investigated the association between the age of onset of bipolar I disorder and the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production in a large global sample. Methods Data for 6972 patients with bipolar I disorder were obtained at 75 collection sites in 41 countries in both hemispheres. The best model to assess the relation between the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production and age of onset included 1 or more months below the threshold, family history of mood disorders, and birth cohort. All coefficients estimated at P ≤ 0.001. Results The 6972 patients had an onset in 582 locations in 70 countries, with a mean age of onset of 25.6 years. Of the onset locations, 34.0% had at least 1 month below the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production. The age of onset at locations with 1 or more months of less than or equal to the threshold for UVB was 1.66 years younger. Conclusion UVB and vitamin D may have an important influence on the development of bipolar disorder. Study limitations included a lack of data on patient vitamin D levels, lifestyles, or supplement use. More study of the impacts of UVB and vitamin D in bipolar disorder is needed to evaluate this supposition.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Exploratory study of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and age of onset of bipolar disorder

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürsat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei-Ling, Cheung, Eric Y. W., Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gitlin, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C. M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Hoffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martini, Julia, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Mikolas, Pavol, Mok, Yee Ming, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O’Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Petzold, Johannes, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard J., Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Angela M., Simhandl, Christian, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse, Paul W., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan-Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürsat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei-Ling, Cheung, Eric Y. W., Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gitlin, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C. M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Hoffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martini, Julia, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Mikolas, Pavol, Mok, Yee Ming, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O’Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Petzold, Johannes, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard J., Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Angela M., Simhandl, Christian, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse, Paul W., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan-Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Background Sunlight contains ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation that triggers the production of vitamin D by skin. Vitamin D has widespread effects on brain function in both developing and adult brains. However, many people live at latitudes (about > 40 N or S) that do not receive enough UVB in winter to produce vitamin D. This exploratory study investigated the association between the age of onset of bipolar I disorder and the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production in a large global sample. Methods Data for 6972 patients with bipolar I disorder were obtained at 75 collection sites in 41 countries in both hemispheres. The best model to assess the relation between the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production and age of onset included 1 or more months below the threshold, family history of mood disorders, and birth cohort. All coefficients estimated at P ≤ 0.001. Results The 6972 patients had an onset in 582 locations in 70 countries, with a mean age of onset of 25.6 years. Of the onset locations, 34.0% had at least 1 month below the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production. The age of onset at locations with 1 or more months of less than or equal to the threshold for UVB was 1.66 years younger. Conclusion UVB and vitamin D may have an important influence on the development of bipolar disorder. Study limitations included a lack of data on patient vitamin D levels, lifestyles, or supplement use. More study of the impacts of UVB and vitamin D in bipolar disorder is needed to evaluate this supposition.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Exploratory study of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and age of onset of bipolar disorder

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürsat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei Ling, Cheung, Eric Y.W., Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gitlin, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C.M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Hoffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martini, Julia, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Mikolas, Pavol, Mok, Yee Ming, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O’Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Petzold, Johannes, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard J., Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Angela M., Simhandl, Christian, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse, Paul W., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürsat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei Ling, Cheung, Eric Y.W., Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gitlin, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C.M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Hoffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martini, Julia, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Mikolas, Pavol, Mok, Yee Ming, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O’Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Petzold, Johannes, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard J., Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Angela M., Simhandl, Christian, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse, Paul W., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Background: Sunlight contains ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation that triggers the production of vitamin D by skin. Vitamin D has widespread effects on brain function in both developing and adult brains. However, many people live at latitudes (about > 40 N or S) that do not receive enough UVB in winter to produce vitamin D. This exploratory study investigated the association between the age of onset of bipolar I disorder and the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production in a large global sample. Methods: Data for 6972 patients with bipolar I disorder were obtained at 75 collection sites in 41 countries in both hemispheres. The best model to assess the relation between the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production and age of onset included 1 or more months below the threshold, family history of mood disorders, and birth cohort. All coefficients estimated at P ≤ 0.001. Results: The 6972 patients had an onset in 582 locations in 70 countries, with a mean age of onset of 25.6 years. Of the onset locations, 34.0% had at least 1 month below the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production. The age of onset at locations with 1 or more months of less than or equal to the threshold for UVB was 1.66 years younger. Conclusion: UVB and vitamin D may have an important influence on the development of bipolar disorder. Study limitations included a lack of data on patient vitamin D levels, lifestyles, or supplement use. More study of the impacts of UVB and vitamin D in bipolar disorder is needed to evaluate this supposition.
Published: 2023

4. Exploratory study of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and age of onset of bipolar disorder

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürsat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei-Ling, Cheung, Eric Y. W., Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gitlin, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C. M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Hoffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martini, Julia, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Mikolas, Pavol, Mok, Yee Ming, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O’Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Petzold, Johannes, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard J., Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Angela M., Simhandl, Christian, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse, Paul W., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan-Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürsat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei-Ling, Cheung, Eric Y. W., Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gitlin, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C. M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Hoffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martini, Julia, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Mikolas, Pavol, Mok, Yee Ming, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O’Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Petzold, Johannes, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard J., Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Angela M., Simhandl, Christian, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse, Paul W., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan-Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Background Sunlight contains ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation that triggers the production of vitamin D by skin. Vitamin D has widespread effects on brain function in both developing and adult brains. However, many people live at latitudes (about > 40 N or S) that do not receive enough UVB in winter to produce vitamin D. This exploratory study investigated the association between the age of onset of bipolar I disorder and the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production in a large global sample. Methods Data for 6972 patients with bipolar I disorder were obtained at 75 collection sites in 41 countries in both hemispheres. The best model to assess the relation between the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production and age of onset included 1 or more months below the threshold, family history of mood disorders, and birth cohort. All coefficients estimated at P ≤ 0.001. Results The 6972 patients had an onset in 582 locations in 70 countries, with a mean age of onset of 25.6 years. Of the onset locations, 34.0% had at least 1 month below the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production. The age of onset at locations with 1 or more months of less than or equal to the threshold for UVB was 1.66 years younger. Conclusion UVB and vitamin D may have an important influence on the development of bipolar disorder. Study limitations included a lack of data on patient vitamin D levels, lifestyles, or supplement use. More study of the impacts of UVB and vitamin D in bipolar disorder is needed to evaluate this supposition.
Published: 2023
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5. Exploratory study of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and age of onset of bipolar disorder

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürsat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei Ling, Cheung, Eric Y.W., Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gitlin, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C.M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Hoffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martini, Julia, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Mikolas, Pavol, Mok, Yee Ming, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O’Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Petzold, Johannes, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard J., Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Angela M., Simhandl, Christian, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse, Paul W., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürsat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei Ling, Cheung, Eric Y.W., Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gitlin, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C.M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Hoffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martini, Julia, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Mikolas, Pavol, Mok, Yee Ming, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O’Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Petzold, Johannes, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard J., Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Angela M., Simhandl, Christian, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse, Paul W., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Background: Sunlight contains ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation that triggers the production of vitamin D by skin. Vitamin D has widespread effects on brain function in both developing and adult brains. However, many people live at latitudes (about > 40 N or S) that do not receive enough UVB in winter to produce vitamin D. This exploratory study investigated the association between the age of onset of bipolar I disorder and the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production in a large global sample. Methods: Data for 6972 patients with bipolar I disorder were obtained at 75 collection sites in 41 countries in both hemispheres. The best model to assess the relation between the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production and age of onset included 1 or more months below the threshold, family history of mood disorders, and birth cohort. All coefficients estimated at P ≤ 0.001. Results: The 6972 patients had an onset in 582 locations in 70 countries, with a mean age of onset of 25.6 years. Of the onset locations, 34.0% had at least 1 month below the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production. The age of onset at locations with 1 or more months of less than or equal to the threshold for UVB was 1.66 years younger. Conclusion: UVB and vitamin D may have an important influence on the development of bipolar disorder. Study limitations included a lack of data on patient vitamin D levels, lifestyles, or supplement use. More study of the impacts of UVB and vitamin D in bipolar disorder is needed to evaluate this supposition.
Published: 2023

6. Association between polarity of first episode and solar insolation in bipolar I disorder

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altinbas, Kursat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Sule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei-Ling, Cheung, Eric Y. W., Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C. M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Hoffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsa, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flavio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, Koenig, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landen, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Ostergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzua, Fatima, Mok, Yee Ming, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin, V, Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, Rene Ernst, O'Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Pfennig, Andrea, Pica Ruiz, Yolanda, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard, Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Angela M., Simhandl, Christian, Smith, Daniel, Smith, Jose, Stackhouse, Paul W., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan-Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altinbas, Kursat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Sule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei-Ling, Cheung, Eric Y. W., Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C. M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Hoffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsa, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flavio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, Koenig, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landen, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Ostergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzua, Fatima, Mok, Yee Ming, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin, V, Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, Rene Ernst, O'Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Pfennig, Andrea, Pica Ruiz, Yolanda, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard, Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Angela M., Simhandl, Christian, Smith, Daniel, Smith, Jose, Stackhouse, Paul W., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan-Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Objective: Circadian rhythm disruption is commonly observed in bipolar disorder (BD). Daylight is the most powerful signal to entrain the human circadian clock system. This exploratory study investigated if solar inso-lation at the onset location was associated with the polarity of the first episode of BD I. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area of the Earth. Methods: Data from 7488 patients with BD I were collected at 75 sites in 42 countries. The first episode occurred at 591 onset locations in 67 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Solar insolation values were obtained for every onset location, and the ratio of the minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation was calculated. This ratio is largest near the equator (with little change in solar insolation over the year), and smallest near the poles (where winter insolation is very small compared to summer insolation). This ratio also applies to tropical locations which may have a cloudy wet and clear dry season, rather than winter and summer. Results: The larger the change in solar insolation throughout the year (smaller the ratio between the minimum monthly and maximum monthly values), the greater the likelihood the first episode polarity was depression. Other associated variables were being female and increasing percentage of gross domestic product spent on country health expenditures. (All coefficients: P <= 0.001). Conclusion: Increased awareness and research into circadian dysfunction throughout the course of BD is warranted.
Published: 2022

7. Association between polarity of first episode and solar insolation in bipolar I disorder

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D, Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürşat, Andreassen, Ole A, Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T, Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P, Behere, Prakash B, Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H, Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D, Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei-Ling, Cheung, Eric Y W, Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T, Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G, Fountoulakis, Kostas N, Frye, Mark A, Geoffroy, Pierre A, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F, Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C M, Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Høffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T, Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N, Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L, Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R, Lenger, Melanie, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A, Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M, Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Mok, Yee Ming, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A, Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V, Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O'Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard, Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diege, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-Apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M S, Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z, Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K, Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Ângela M, Simhandl, Christian, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse, Paul W, Stein, Dan J, Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan-Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H, Zgueb, Yosra, Whybrow, Peter C, Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D, Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürşat, Andreassen, Ole A, Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T, Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P, Behere, Prakash B, Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H, Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D, Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei-Ling, Cheung, Eric Y W, Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T, Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G, Fountoulakis, Kostas N, Frye, Mark A, Geoffroy, Pierre A, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F, Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C M, Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Høffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T, Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N, Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L, Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R, Lenger, Melanie, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A, Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M, Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Mok, Yee Ming, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A, Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V, Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O'Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard, Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diege, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-Apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M S, Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z, Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K, Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Ângela M, Simhandl, Christian, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse, Paul W, Stein, Dan J, Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan-Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H, Zgueb, Yosra, and Whybrow, Peter C
Abstract: Circadian rhythm disruption is commonly observed in bipolar disorder (BD). Daylight is the most powerful signal to entrain the human circadian clock system. This exploratory study investigated if solar insolation at the onset location was associated with the polarity of the first episode of BD I. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area of the Earth. Data from 7488 patients with BD I were collected at 75 sites in 42 countries. The first episode occurred at 591 onset locations in 67 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Solar insolation values were obtained for every onset location, and the ratio of the minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation was calculated. This ratio is largest near the equator (with little change in solar insolation over the year), and smallest near the poles (where winter insolation is very small compared to summer insolation). This ratio also applies to tropical locations which may have a cloudy wet and clear dry season, rather than winter and summer. The larger the change in solar insolation throughout the year (smaller the ratio between the minimum monthly and maximum monthly values), the greater the likelihood the first episode polarity was depression. Other associated variables were being female and increasing percentage of gross domestic product spent on country health expenditures. (All coefficients: P ≤ 0.001). Increased awareness and research into circadian dysfunction throughout the course of BD is warranted. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.]
Published: 2022

8. Association between polarity of first episode and solar insolation in bipolar I disorder

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürşat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei Ling, Cheung, Eric Y.W., Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Zompo, Maria Del, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C.M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Høffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Mok, Yee Ming, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O'Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard, Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Ângela M., Simhandl, Christian, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse, Paul W., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürşat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei Ling, Cheung, Eric Y.W., Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Zompo, Maria Del, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C.M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Høffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Mok, Yee Ming, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O'Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard, Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Ângela M., Simhandl, Christian, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse, Paul W., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Objective: Circadian rhythm disruption is commonly observed in bipolar disorder (BD). Daylight is the most powerful signal to entrain the human circadian clock system. This exploratory study investigated if solar insolation at the onset location was associated with the polarity of the first episode of BD I. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area of the Earth. Methods: Data from 7488 patients with BD I were collected at 75 sites in 42 countries. The first episode occurred at 591 onset locations in 67 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Solar insolation values were obtained for every onset location, and the ratio of the minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation was calculated. This ratio is largest near the equator (with little change in solar insolation over the year), and smallest near the poles (where winter insolation is very small compared to summer insolation). This ratio also applies to tropical locations which may have a cloudy wet and clear dry season, rather than winter and summer. Results: The larger the change in solar insolation throughout the year (smaller the ratio between the minimum monthly and maximum monthly values), the greater the likelihood the first episode polarity was depression. Other associated variables were being female and increasing percentage of gross domestic product spent on country health expenditures. (All coefficients: P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Increased awareness and research into circadian dysfunction throughout the course of BD is warranted.
Published: 2022

9. Association between polarity of first episode and solar insolation in bipolar I disorder

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D, Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürşat, Andreassen, Ole A, Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T, Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P, Behere, Prakash B, Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H, Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D, Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei-Ling, Cheung, Eric Y W, Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T, Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G, Fountoulakis, Kostas N, Frye, Mark A, Geoffroy, Pierre A, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F, Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C M, Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Høffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T, Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N, Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L, Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R, Lenger, Melanie, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A, Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M, Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Mok, Yee Ming, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A, Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V, Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O'Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard, Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diege, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-Apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M S, Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z, Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K, Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Ângela M, Simhandl, Christian, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse, Paul W, Stein, Dan J, Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan-Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H, Zgueb, Yosra, Whybrow, Peter C, Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D, Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürşat, Andreassen, Ole A, Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T, Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P, Behere, Prakash B, Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H, Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D, Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei-Ling, Cheung, Eric Y W, Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T, Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G, Fountoulakis, Kostas N, Frye, Mark A, Geoffroy, Pierre A, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F, Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C M, Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Høffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T, Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N, Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L, Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R, Lenger, Melanie, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A, Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M, Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Mok, Yee Ming, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A, Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V, Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O'Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard, Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diege, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-Apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M S, Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z, Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K, Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Ângela M, Simhandl, Christian, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse, Paul W, Stein, Dan J, Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan-Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H, Zgueb, Yosra, and Whybrow, Peter C
Abstract: Circadian rhythm disruption is commonly observed in bipolar disorder (BD). Daylight is the most powerful signal to entrain the human circadian clock system. This exploratory study investigated if solar insolation at the onset location was associated with the polarity of the first episode of BD I. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area of the Earth. Data from 7488 patients with BD I were collected at 75 sites in 42 countries. The first episode occurred at 591 onset locations in 67 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Solar insolation values were obtained for every onset location, and the ratio of the minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation was calculated. This ratio is largest near the equator (with little change in solar insolation over the year), and smallest near the poles (where winter insolation is very small compared to summer insolation). This ratio also applies to tropical locations which may have a cloudy wet and clear dry season, rather than winter and summer. The larger the change in solar insolation throughout the year (smaller the ratio between the minimum monthly and maximum monthly values), the greater the likelihood the first episode polarity was depression. Other associated variables were being female and increasing percentage of gross domestic product spent on country health expenditures. (All coefficients: P ≤ 0.001). Increased awareness and research into circadian dysfunction throughout the course of BD is warranted. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.]
Published: 2022

10. Variations in seasonal solar insolation are associated with a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altinbas, Kursat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Vares, Edgar Arrua, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Sule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei-Ling, Cheung, Eric Y. Wo, Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Donix, Markus, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C. M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Hoffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsa, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flavio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, Koenig, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landen, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Ostergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzua, Fatima, Ming, Mok Yee, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin, V, Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, Rene Ernst, O'Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pilhatsch, Maximilian, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard, Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-Apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Angela M., Simhandl, Christian, Severus, Emanuel, Smith, Daniel, Smith, Jose, Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan-Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altinbas, Kursat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Vares, Edgar Arrua, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Sule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei-Ling, Cheung, Eric Y. Wo, Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Donix, Markus, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C. M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Hoffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsa, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flavio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, Koenig, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landen, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Ostergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzua, Fatima, Ming, Mok Yee, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin, V, Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, Rene Ernst, O'Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pilhatsch, Maximilian, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard, Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-Apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Angela M., Simhandl, Christian, Severus, Emanuel, Smith, Daniel, Smith, Jose, Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan-Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Background Bipolar disorder is associated with circadian disruption and a high risk of suicidal behavior. In a previous exploratory study of patients with bipolar I disorder, we found that a history of suicide attempts was associated with differences between winter and summer levels of solar insolation. The purpose of this study was to confirm this finding using international data from 42% more collection sites and 25% more countries. Methods Data analyzed were from 71 prior and new collection sites in 40 countries at a wide range of latitudes. The analysis included 4876 patients with bipolar I disorder, 45% more data than previously analyzed. Of the patients, 1496 (30.7%) had a history of suicide attempt. Solar insolation data, the amount of the sun's electromagnetic energy striking the surface of the earth, was obtained for each onset location (479 locations in 64 countries). Results This analysis confirmed the results of the exploratory study with the same best model and slightly better statistical significance. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempts and the ratio of mean winter insolation to mean summer insolation (mean winter insolation/mean summer insolation). This ratio is largest near the equator which has little change in solar insolation over the year, and smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. Other variables in the model associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts were a history of alcohol or substance abuse, female gender, and younger birth cohort. The winter/summer insolation ratio was also replaced with the ratio of minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation to accommodate insolation patterns in the tropics, and nearly identical results were found. All estimated coefficients were significant at p < 0.01. Conclusion A large change in solar insolation, both between winter and summer and between the minimum and ma
Published: 2021

11. Variations in seasonal solar insolation are associated with a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altinbas, Kursat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Vares, Edgar Arrua, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Sule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei-Ling, Cheung, Eric Y. Wo, Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Donix, Markus, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C. M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Hoffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsa, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flavio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, Koenig, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landen, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Ostergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzua, Fatima, Ming, Mok Yee, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin, V, Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, Rene Ernst, O'Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pilhatsch, Maximilian, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard, Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-Apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Angela M., Simhandl, Christian, Severus, Emanuel, Smith, Daniel, Smith, Jose, Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan-Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altinbas, Kursat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Vares, Edgar Arrua, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Sule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei-Ling, Cheung, Eric Y. Wo, Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Donix, Markus, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C. M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Hoffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsa, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flavio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, Koenig, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landen, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Ostergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzua, Fatima, Ming, Mok Yee, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin, V, Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, Rene Ernst, O'Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pilhatsch, Maximilian, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard, Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-Apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Angela M., Simhandl, Christian, Severus, Emanuel, Smith, Daniel, Smith, Jose, Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan-Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Background Bipolar disorder is associated with circadian disruption and a high risk of suicidal behavior. In a previous exploratory study of patients with bipolar I disorder, we found that a history of suicide attempts was associated with differences between winter and summer levels of solar insolation. The purpose of this study was to confirm this finding using international data from 42% more collection sites and 25% more countries. Methods Data analyzed were from 71 prior and new collection sites in 40 countries at a wide range of latitudes. The analysis included 4876 patients with bipolar I disorder, 45% more data than previously analyzed. Of the patients, 1496 (30.7%) had a history of suicide attempt. Solar insolation data, the amount of the sun's electromagnetic energy striking the surface of the earth, was obtained for each onset location (479 locations in 64 countries). Results This analysis confirmed the results of the exploratory study with the same best model and slightly better statistical significance. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempts and the ratio of mean winter insolation to mean summer insolation (mean winter insolation/mean summer insolation). This ratio is largest near the equator which has little change in solar insolation over the year, and smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. Other variables in the model associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts were a history of alcohol or substance abuse, female gender, and younger birth cohort. The winter/summer insolation ratio was also replaced with the ratio of minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation to accommodate insolation patterns in the tropics, and nearly identical results were found. All estimated coefficients were significant at p < 0.01. Conclusion A large change in solar insolation, both between winter and summer and between the minimum and ma
Published: 2021

12. Variations in seasonal solar insolation are associated with a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürşat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Arrua Vares, Edgar, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher Jan, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei-Ling, Cheung, Eric Y. Wo, Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Donix, Markus, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike Tabea, Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C. M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Høffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Ming, Mok Yee, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O'Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Pfennig, Andrea, Pica Ruiz, Yolanda, Pilhatsch, Maximilian, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard, Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Ângela M., Simhandl, Christian, Severus, Emanuel, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse Jr., Paul W., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan-Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürşat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Arrua Vares, Edgar, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher Jan, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei-Ling, Cheung, Eric Y. Wo, Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Donix, Markus, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike Tabea, Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C. M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Høffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Ming, Mok Yee, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O'Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Pfennig, Andrea, Pica Ruiz, Yolanda, Pilhatsch, Maximilian, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard, Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Ângela M., Simhandl, Christian, Severus, Emanuel, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse Jr., Paul W., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan-Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Background: Bipolar disorder is associated with circadian disruption and a high risk of suicidal behavior. In a previous exploratory study of patients with bipolar I disorder, we found that a history of suicide attempts was associated with differences between winter and summer levels of solar insolation. The purpose of this study was to confirm this finding using international data from 42% more collection sites and 25% more countries. Methods: Data analyzed were from 71 prior and new collection sites in 40 countries at a wide range of latitudes. The analysis included 4876 patients with bipolar I disorder, 45% more data than previously analyzed. Of the patients, 1496 (30.7%) had a history of suicide attempt. Solar insolation data, the amount of the sun’s electromagnetic energy striking the surface of the earth, was obtained for each onset location (479 locations in 64 countries). Results: This analysis confirmed the results of the exploratory study with the same best model and slightly better statistical significance. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempts and the ratio of mean winter insolation to mean summer insolation (mean winter insolation/mean summer insolation). This ratio is largest near the equator which has little change in solar insolation over the year, and smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. Other variables in the model associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts were a history of alcohol or substance abuse, female gender, and younger birth cohort. The winter/summer insolation ratio was also replaced with the ratio of minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation to accommodate insolation patterns in the tropics, and nearly identical results were found. All estimated coefficients were significant at p < 0.01. Conclusion: A large change in solar insolation, both between winter and summer and between the minimum an
Published: 2021

13. Variations in seasonal solar insolation are associated with a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürşat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Vares, Edgar Arrua, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei Ling, Cheung, Eric Y.Wo, Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Donix, Markus, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C.M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Høffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Ming, Mok Yee, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O‘Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pilhatsch, Maximilian, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard, Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Ângela M., Simhandl, Christian, Severus, Emanuel, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse, Paul W., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürşat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Vares, Edgar Arrua, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei Ling, Cheung, Eric Y.Wo, Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Donix, Markus, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C.M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Høffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Ming, Mok Yee, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O‘Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pilhatsch, Maximilian, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard, Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Ângela M., Simhandl, Christian, Severus, Emanuel, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse, Paul W., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Background: Bipolar disorder is associated with circadian disruption and a high risk of suicidal behavior. In a previous exploratory study of patients with bipolar I disorder, we found that a history of suicide attempts was associated with differences between winter and summer levels of solar insolation. The purpose of this study was to confirm this finding using international data from 42% more collection sites and 25% more countries. Methods: Data analyzed were from 71 prior and new collection sites in 40 countries at a wide range of latitudes. The analysis included 4876 patients with bipolar I disorder, 45% more data than previously analyzed. Of the patients, 1496 (30.7%) had a history of suicide attempt. Solar insolation data, the amount of the sun’s electromagnetic energy striking the surface of the earth, was obtained for each onset location (479 locations in 64 countries). Results: This analysis confirmed the results of the exploratory study with the same best model and slightly better statistical significance. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempts and the ratio of mean winter insolation to mean summer insolation (mean winter insolation/mean summer insolation). This ratio is largest near the equator which has little change in solar insolation over the year, and smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. Other variables in the model associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts were a history of alcohol or substance abuse, female gender, and younger birth cohort. The winter/summer insolation ratio was also replaced with the ratio of minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation to accommodate insolation patterns in the tropics, and nearly identical results were found. All estimated coefficients were significant at p < 0.01. Conclusion: A large change in solar insolation, both between winter and summer and between the mini
Published: 2021

14. Variations in seasonal solar insolation are associated with a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürşat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Vares, Edgar Arrua, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei Ling, Cheung, Eric Y.Wo, Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Donix, Markus, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C.M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Høffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Ming, Mok Yee, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O‘Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pilhatsch, Maximilian, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard, Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Ângela M., Simhandl, Christian, Severus, Emanuel, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse, Paul W., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürşat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Vares, Edgar Arrua, Aydin, Memduha, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Balaban, Ceylan, Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Behere, Aniruddh P., Behere, Prakash B., Belete, Habte, Belete, Tilahun, Belizario, Gabriel Okawa, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Şule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Brady, Conan, Cabrera, Jorge, Cappucciati, Marco, Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes, Chen, Wei Ling, Cheung, Eric Y.Wo, Chiesa, Silvia, Crowe, Marie, Cuomo, Alessandro, Dallaspezia, Sara, Del Zompo, Maria, Desai, Pratikkumar, Dodd, Seetal, Donix, Markus, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fellendorf, Frederike T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Geoffroy, Pierre A., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Haarman, Bartholomeus C.M., Harima, Hirohiko, Hasse-Sousa, Mathias, Henry, Chantal, Høffding, Lone, Houenou, Josselin, Imbesi, Massimiliano, Isometsä, Erkki T., Ivkovic, Maja, Janno, Sven, Johnsen, Simon, Kapczinski, Flávio, Karakatsoulis, Gregory N., Kardell, Mathias, Kessing, Lars Vedel, Kim, Seong Jae, König, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Koval, Michael, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landén, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lenger, Melanie, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacKenzie, Alan, Madsen, Helle Østergaard, Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A., Mahadevan, Jayant, Mahardika, Agustine, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Martiny, Klaus, Mashima, Yuki, McLoughlin, Declan M., Meesters, Ybe, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzúa, Fátima, Ming, Mok Yee, Monteith, Scott, Moorthy, Muthukumaran, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorov, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René Ernst, O‘Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Ouali, Uta, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira, Petite, Joanne, Pfennig, Andrea, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pilhatsch, Maximilian, Pinna, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Porter, Richard, Quiroz, Danilo, Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Ratta-apha, Woraphat, Ratzenhofer, Michaela, Redahan, Maria, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva Z., Richards, Jenny Gringer, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sathyaputri, Leela, Scippa, Ângela M., Simhandl, Christian, Severus, Emanuel, Smith, Daniel, Smith, José, Stackhouse, Paul W., Stein, Dan J., Stilwell, Kellen, Strejilevich, Sergio, Su, Kuan Pin, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tanra, Andi J., Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Teh, Wen Lin, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Tuinstra, Daniel, Uchida, Takahito, Vaaler, Arne E., Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan, Young, Allan H., Zgueb, Yosra, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Background: Bipolar disorder is associated with circadian disruption and a high risk of suicidal behavior. In a previous exploratory study of patients with bipolar I disorder, we found that a history of suicide attempts was associated with differences between winter and summer levels of solar insolation. The purpose of this study was to confirm this finding using international data from 42% more collection sites and 25% more countries. Methods: Data analyzed were from 71 prior and new collection sites in 40 countries at a wide range of latitudes. The analysis included 4876 patients with bipolar I disorder, 45% more data than previously analyzed. Of the patients, 1496 (30.7%) had a history of suicide attempt. Solar insolation data, the amount of the sun’s electromagnetic energy striking the surface of the earth, was obtained for each onset location (479 locations in 64 countries). Results: This analysis confirmed the results of the exploratory study with the same best model and slightly better statistical significance. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempts and the ratio of mean winter insolation to mean summer insolation (mean winter insolation/mean summer insolation). This ratio is largest near the equator which has little change in solar insolation over the year, and smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. Other variables in the model associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts were a history of alcohol or substance abuse, female gender, and younger birth cohort. The winter/summer insolation ratio was also replaced with the ratio of minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation to accommodate insolation patterns in the tropics, and nearly identical results were found. All estimated coefficients were significant at p < 0.01. Conclusion: A large change in solar insolation, both between winter and summer and between the mini
Published: 2021

15. Association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Sule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Cabrera, Jorge, Cheung, Eric Y. Wo, Del Zompo, Maria, Dodd, Seetal, Donix, Markus, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Henry, Chantal, Isometsa, Erkki T., Janno, Sven, Kapczinski, Flavio, Kardell, Mathias, Khaldi, Slim, Kliwicki, Sebastian, Konig, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Krogh, Rikke, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landen, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacQueen, Glenda, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzua, Fatima, Ming, Mok Yee, Monteith, Scott, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorova, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nery, Fabiano G., Nielsen, Rene E., O'Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Sorensen, Helle Ostermark, Ouali, Uta, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pilhatsch, Maximilian, Pinna, Marco, da Ponte, Francisco D. R., Quiroz, Danilo, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Raghuraman, Bharathram Sathur, Scippa, Angela M., Severus, Emanuel, Simhandl, Christian, Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr., Stein, Dan J., Strejilevich, Sergio, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tagata, Hiromi, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Vaaler, Arne E., Vares, Edgar, Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Zetina, Mark, Zgueb, Yosra, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Sule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Cabrera, Jorge, Cheung, Eric Y. Wo, Del Zompo, Maria, Dodd, Seetal, Donix, Markus, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Henry, Chantal, Isometsa, Erkki T., Janno, Sven, Kapczinski, Flavio, Kardell, Mathias, Khaldi, Slim, Kliwicki, Sebastian, Konig, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Krogh, Rikke, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landen, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacQueen, Glenda, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzua, Fatima, Ming, Mok Yee, Monteith, Scott, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorova, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nery, Fabiano G., Nielsen, Rene E., O'Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Sorensen, Helle Ostermark, Ouali, Uta, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pilhatsch, Maximilian, Pinna, Marco, da Ponte, Francisco D. R., Quiroz, Danilo, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Raghuraman, Bharathram Sathur, Scippa, Angela M., Severus, Emanuel, Simhandl, Christian, Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr., Stein, Dan J., Strejilevich, Sergio, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tagata, Hiromi, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Vaaler, Arne E., Vares, Edgar, Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Zetina, Mark, Zgueb, Yosra, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: In many international studies, rates of completed suicide and suicide attempts have a seasonal pattern that peaks in spring or summer. This exploratory study investigated the association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempt in patients with bipolar I disorder. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area on Earth. Data were collected previously from 5536 patients with bipolar I disorder at 50 collection sites in 32 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Suicide related data were available for 3365 patients from 310 onset locations in 51 countries. 1047 (31.1%) had a history of suicide attempt. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempt and the ratio of mean winter solar insolation/mean summer solar insolation. This ratio is smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. This ratio is largest near the equator where there is relatively little variation in the insolation over the year. Other variables in the model that were positively associated with suicide attempt were being female, a history of alcohol or substance abuse, and being in a younger birth cohort. Living in a country with a state-sponsored religion decreased the association. (All estimated coefficients p < 0.01). In summary, living in locations with large changes in solar insolation between winter and summer may be associated with increased suicide attempts in patients with bipolar disorder. Further investigation of the impacts of solar insolation on the course of bipolar disorder is needed.
Published: 2019

16. Association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Sule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Cabrera, Jorge, Cheung, Eric Y. Wo, Del Zompo, Maria, Dodd, Seetal, Donix, Markus, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Henry, Chantal, Isometsa, Erkki T., Janno, Sven, Kapczinski, Flavio, Kardell, Mathias, Khaldi, Slim, Kliwicki, Sebastian, Konig, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Krogh, Rikke, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landen, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacQueen, Glenda, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzua, Fatima, Ming, Mok Yee, Monteith, Scott, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorova, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nery, Fabiano G., Nielsen, Rene E., O'Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Sorensen, Helle Ostermark, Ouali, Uta, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pilhatsch, Maximilian, Pinna, Marco, da Ponte, Francisco D. R., Quiroz, Danilo, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Raghuraman, Bharathram Sathur, Scippa, Angela M., Severus, Emanuel, Simhandl, Christian, Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr., Stein, Dan J., Strejilevich, Sergio, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tagata, Hiromi, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Vaaler, Arne E., Vares, Edgar, Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Zetina, Mark, Zgueb, Yosra, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Ayhan, Yavuz, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Becerra-Palars, Claudia, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bicakci, Sule, Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet, Bjella, Thomas D., Cabrera, Jorge, Cheung, Eric Y. Wo, Del Zompo, Maria, Dodd, Seetal, Donix, Markus, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Frye, Mark A., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Henry, Chantal, Isometsa, Erkki T., Janno, Sven, Kapczinski, Flavio, Kardell, Mathias, Khaldi, Slim, Kliwicki, Sebastian, Konig, Barbara, Kot, Timur L., Krogh, Rikke, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Landen, Mikael, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacQueen, Glenda, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Melle, Ingrid, Meza-Urzua, Fatima, Ming, Mok Yee, Monteith, Scott, Morken, Gunnar, Mosca, Enrica, Mozzhegorova, Anton A., Munoz, Rodrigo, Mythri, Starlin V., Nacef, Fethi, Nadella, Ravi K., Nery, Fabiano G., Nielsen, Rene E., O'Donovan, Claire, Omrani, Adel, Osher, Yamima, Sorensen, Helle Ostermark, Ouali, Uta, Ruiz, Yolanda Pica, Pilhatsch, Maximilian, Pinna, Marco, da Ponte, Francisco D. R., Quiroz, Danilo, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Reddy, M. S., Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Raghuraman, Bharathram Sathur, Scippa, Angela M., Severus, Emanuel, Simhandl, Christian, Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr., Stein, Dan J., Strejilevich, Sergio, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tagata, Hiromi, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Torrent, Carla, Vaaler, Arne E., Vares, Edgar, Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Yoldi-Negrete, Maria, Zetina, Mark, Zgueb, Yosra, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: In many international studies, rates of completed suicide and suicide attempts have a seasonal pattern that peaks in spring or summer. This exploratory study investigated the association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempt in patients with bipolar I disorder. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area on Earth. Data were collected previously from 5536 patients with bipolar I disorder at 50 collection sites in 32 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Suicide related data were available for 3365 patients from 310 onset locations in 51 countries. 1047 (31.1%) had a history of suicide attempt. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempt and the ratio of mean winter solar insolation/mean summer solar insolation. This ratio is smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. This ratio is largest near the equator where there is relatively little variation in the insolation over the year. Other variables in the model that were positively associated with suicide attempt were being female, a history of alcohol or substance abuse, and being in a younger birth cohort. Living in a country with a state-sponsored religion decreased the association. (All estimated coefficients p < 0.01). In summary, living in locations with large changes in solar insolation between winter and summer may be associated with increased suicide attempts in patients with bipolar disorder. Further investigation of the impacts of solar insolation on the course of bipolar disorder is needed.
Published: 2019

17. Internet use by older adults with bipolar disorder: international survey results

Author: Bauer, Michael, Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Strejilevich, Sergio, Conell, Jörn, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric Y. W., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Cuomo, Alessandro, Del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rofrigo, Dodd, Seetalq, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Anna, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Hvenegaard Lund, Anne, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Miranda-Scippa, Angela, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O´Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Strejilevich, Sergio, Conell, Jörn, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric Y. W., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Cuomo, Alessandro, Del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rofrigo, Dodd, Seetalq, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Anna, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Hvenegaard Lund, Anne, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Miranda-Scippa, Angela, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O´Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Background: The world population is aging and the number of older adults with bipolar disorder is increasing. Digital technologies are viewed as a framework to improve care of older adults with bipolar disorder. This analysis quantifes Internet use by older adults with bipolar disorder as part of a larger survey project about information seeking. Methods: A paper-based survey about information seeking by patients with bipolar disorder was developed and translated into 12 languages. The survey was anonymous and completed between March 2014 and January 2016 by 1222 patients in 17 countries. All patients were diagnosed by a psychiatrist. General estimating equations were used to account for correlated data. Results: Overall, 47% of older adults (age 60 years or older) used the Internet versus 87% of younger adults (less than 60 years). More education and having symptoms that interfered with regular activities increased the odds of using the Internet, while being age 60 years or older decreased the odds. Data from 187 older adults and 1021 younger adults were included in the analysis excluding missing values. Conclusions: Older adults with bipolar disorder use the Internet much less frequently than younger adults. Many older adults do not use the Internet, and technology tools are suitable for some but not all older adults. As more health services are only available online, and more digital tools are developed, there is concern about growing health disparities based on age. Mental health experts should participate in determining the appropriate role for digital tools for older adults with bipolar disorder.
Published: 2018

18. Internet use by older adults with bipolar disorder: international survey results

Author: Bauer, Michael, Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Strejilevich, Sergio, Conell, Jörn, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric Y. W., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Cuomo, Alessandro, Del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rofrigo, Dodd, Seetalq, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Anna, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Hvenegaard Lund, Anne, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Miranda-Scippa, Angela, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O´Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Strejilevich, Sergio, Conell, Jörn, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric Y. W., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Cuomo, Alessandro, Del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rofrigo, Dodd, Seetalq, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Anna, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Hvenegaard Lund, Anne, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Miranda-Scippa, Angela, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O´Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Background: The world population is aging and the number of older adults with bipolar disorder is increasing. Digital technologies are viewed as a framework to improve care of older adults with bipolar disorder. This analysis quantifes Internet use by older adults with bipolar disorder as part of a larger survey project about information seeking. Methods: A paper-based survey about information seeking by patients with bipolar disorder was developed and translated into 12 languages. The survey was anonymous and completed between March 2014 and January 2016 by 1222 patients in 17 countries. All patients were diagnosed by a psychiatrist. General estimating equations were used to account for correlated data. Results: Overall, 47% of older adults (age 60 years or older) used the Internet versus 87% of younger adults (less than 60 years). More education and having symptoms that interfered with regular activities increased the odds of using the Internet, while being age 60 years or older decreased the odds. Data from 187 older adults and 1021 younger adults were included in the analysis excluding missing values. Conclusions: Older adults with bipolar disorder use the Internet much less frequently than younger adults. Many older adults do not use the Internet, and technology tools are suitable for some but not all older adults. As more health services are only available online, and more digital tools are developed, there is concern about growing health disparities based on age. Mental health experts should participate in determining the appropriate role for digital tools for older adults with bipolar disorder.
Published: 2018

19. Internet use by older adults with bipolar disorder: international survey results

Author: Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Strejilevich, Sergio, Conell, Jorn, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Castro, Angela MP, Cheung, Eric YW, Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Cuomo, Alessandro, Del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Gitlin, Michael J, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M, Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefane, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Kapur, Vaisny, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Miranda-Scippa, Ângela, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, Rene E, O'Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yusushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K, Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H, Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C, Bauer, Michael, Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Strejilevich, Sergio, Conell, Jorn, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Castro, Angela MP, Cheung, Eric YW, Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Cuomo, Alessandro, Del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Gitlin, Michael J, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M, Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefane, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Kapur, Vaisny, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Miranda-Scippa, Ângela, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, Rene E, O'Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yusushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K, Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H, Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C, and Bauer, Michael
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The world population is aging and the number of older adults with bipolar disorder is increasing. Digital technologies are viewed as a framework to improve care of older adults with bipolar disorder. This analysis quantifies Internet use by older adults with bipolar disorder as part of a larger survey project about information seeking. METHODS: A paper-based survey about information seeking by patients with bipolar disorder was developed and translated into 12 languages. The survey was anonymous and completed between March 2014 and January 2016 by 1222 patients in 17 countries. All patients were diagnosed by a psychiatrist. General estimating equations were used to account for correlated data. RESULTS: Overall, 47% of older adults (age 60 years or older) used the Internet versus 87% of younger adults (less than 60 years). More education and having symptoms that interfered with regular activities increased the odds of using the Internet, while being age 60 years or older decreased the odds. Data from 187 older adults and 1021 younger adults were included in the analysis excluding missing values. CONCLUSIONS: Older adults with bipolar disorder use the Internet much less frequently than younger adults. Many older adults do not use the Internet, and technology tools are suitable for some but not all older adults. As more health services are only available online, and more digital tools are developed, there is concern about growing health disparities based on age. Mental health experts should participate in determining the appropriate role for digital tools for older adults with bipolar disorder.
Published: 2018

20. Internet use by older adults with bipolar disorder: international survey results

Author: Bauer, Michael, Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Strejilevich, Sergio, Conell, Jörn, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric Y. W., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Cuomo, Alessandro, Del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rofrigo, Dodd, Seetalq, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Anna, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Hvenegaard Lund, Anne, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Miranda-Scippa, Angela, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O´Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Strejilevich, Sergio, Conell, Jörn, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric Y. W., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Cuomo, Alessandro, Del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rofrigo, Dodd, Seetalq, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Anna, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Hvenegaard Lund, Anne, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Miranda-Scippa, Angela, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O´Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Background: The world population is aging and the number of older adults with bipolar disorder is increasing. Digital technologies are viewed as a framework to improve care of older adults with bipolar disorder. This analysis quantifes Internet use by older adults with bipolar disorder as part of a larger survey project about information seeking. Methods: A paper-based survey about information seeking by patients with bipolar disorder was developed and translated into 12 languages. The survey was anonymous and completed between March 2014 and January 2016 by 1222 patients in 17 countries. All patients were diagnosed by a psychiatrist. General estimating equations were used to account for correlated data. Results: Overall, 47% of older adults (age 60 years or older) used the Internet versus 87% of younger adults (less than 60 years). More education and having symptoms that interfered with regular activities increased the odds of using the Internet, while being age 60 years or older decreased the odds. Data from 187 older adults and 1021 younger adults were included in the analysis excluding missing values. Conclusions: Older adults with bipolar disorder use the Internet much less frequently than younger adults. Many older adults do not use the Internet, and technology tools are suitable for some but not all older adults. As more health services are only available online, and more digital tools are developed, there is concern about growing health disparities based on age. Mental health experts should participate in determining the appropriate role for digital tools for older adults with bipolar disorder.
Published: 2018

21. Internet use by older adults with bipolar disorder: international survey results

Author: Bauer, Michael, Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Strejilevich, Sergio, Conell, Jörn, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric Y. W., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Cuomo, Alessandro, Del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rofrigo, Dodd, Seetalq, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Anna, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Hvenegaard Lund, Anne, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Miranda-Scippa, Angela, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O´Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Strejilevich, Sergio, Conell, Jörn, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric Y. W., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Cuomo, Alessandro, Del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rofrigo, Dodd, Seetalq, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Anna, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Hvenegaard Lund, Anne, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Miranda-Scippa, Angela, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O´Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Background: The world population is aging and the number of older adults with bipolar disorder is increasing. Digital technologies are viewed as a framework to improve care of older adults with bipolar disorder. This analysis quantifes Internet use by older adults with bipolar disorder as part of a larger survey project about information seeking. Methods: A paper-based survey about information seeking by patients with bipolar disorder was developed and translated into 12 languages. The survey was anonymous and completed between March 2014 and January 2016 by 1222 patients in 17 countries. All patients were diagnosed by a psychiatrist. General estimating equations were used to account for correlated data. Results: Overall, 47% of older adults (age 60 years or older) used the Internet versus 87% of younger adults (less than 60 years). More education and having symptoms that interfered with regular activities increased the odds of using the Internet, while being age 60 years or older decreased the odds. Data from 187 older adults and 1021 younger adults were included in the analysis excluding missing values. Conclusions: Older adults with bipolar disorder use the Internet much less frequently than younger adults. Many older adults do not use the Internet, and technology tools are suitable for some but not all older adults. As more health services are only available online, and more digital tools are developed, there is concern about growing health disparities based on age. Mental health experts should participate in determining the appropriate role for digital tools for older adults with bipolar disorder.
Published: 2018

22. Internet use by older adults with bipolar disorder:international survey results

Author: Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Strejilevich, Sergio, Conell, Jörn, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Castro, Angela M.Paredes, Cheung, Eric Y.W., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Cuomo, Alessandro, Del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Gitlin, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Miranda-Scippa, Ângela, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O’Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Strejilevich, Sergio, Conell, Jörn, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Castro, Angela M.Paredes, Cheung, Eric Y.W., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Cuomo, Alessandro, Del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Gitlin, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Miranda-Scippa, Ângela, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O’Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., and Bauer, Michael
Abstract: Background: The world population is aging and the number of older adults with bipolar disorder is increasing. Digital technologies are viewed as a framework to improve care of older adults with bipolar disorder. This analysis quantifies Internet use by older adults with bipolar disorder as part of a larger survey project about information seeking. Methods: A paper-based survey about information seeking by patients with bipolar disorder was developed and translated into 12 languages. The survey was anonymous and completed between March 2014 and January 2016 by 1222 patients in 17 countries. All patients were diagnosed by a psychiatrist. General estimating equations were used to account for correlated data. Results: Overall, 47% of older adults (age 60 years or older) used the Internet versus 87% of younger adults (less than 60 years). More education and having symptoms that interfered with regular activities increased the odds of using the Internet, while being age 60 years or older decreased the odds. Data from 187 older adults and 1021 younger adults were included in the analysis excluding missing values. Conclusions: Older adults with bipolar disorder use the Internet much less frequently than younger adults. Many older adults do not use the Internet, and technology tools are suitable for some but not all older adults. As more health services are only available online, and more digital tools are developed, there is concern about growing health disparities based on age. Mental health experts should participate in determining the appropriate role for digital tools for older adults with bipolar disorder.
Published: 2018

23. Internet use by older adults with bipolar disorder:international survey results

Author: Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Strejilevich, Sergio, Conell, Jörn, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Castro, Angela M.Paredes, Cheung, Eric Y.W., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Cuomo, Alessandro, Del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Gitlin, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Miranda-Scippa, Ângela, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O’Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Strejilevich, Sergio, Conell, Jörn, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Castro, Angela M.Paredes, Cheung, Eric Y.W., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Cuomo, Alessandro, Del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Gitlin, Michael J., Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Miranda-Scippa, Ângela, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O’Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Veeh, Julia, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., and Bauer, Michael
Abstract: Background: The world population is aging and the number of older adults with bipolar disorder is increasing. Digital technologies are viewed as a framework to improve care of older adults with bipolar disorder. This analysis quantifies Internet use by older adults with bipolar disorder as part of a larger survey project about information seeking. Methods: A paper-based survey about information seeking by patients with bipolar disorder was developed and translated into 12 languages. The survey was anonymous and completed between March 2014 and January 2016 by 1222 patients in 17 countries. All patients were diagnosed by a psychiatrist. General estimating equations were used to account for correlated data. Results: Overall, 47% of older adults (age 60 years or older) used the Internet versus 87% of younger adults (less than 60 years). More education and having symptoms that interfered with regular activities increased the odds of using the Internet, while being age 60 years or older decreased the odds. Data from 187 older adults and 1021 younger adults were included in the analysis excluding missing values. Conclusions: Older adults with bipolar disorder use the Internet much less frequently than younger adults. Many older adults do not use the Internet, and technology tools are suitable for some but not all older adults. As more health services are only available online, and more digital tools are developed, there is concern about growing health disparities based on age. Mental health experts should participate in determining the appropriate role for digital tools for older adults with bipolar disorder.
Published: 2018

24. International multi-site survey on the use of online support groups in bipolar disorder

Author: Bauer, Rita, Conell, Jörn, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric Y.W., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Zompo, Maria Del, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Hvenegaard Lund, Anne, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O’Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela M., Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Bauer, Rita, Conell, Jörn, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric Y.W., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Zompo, Maria Del, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Hvenegaard Lund, Anne, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O’Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela M., Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., and Bauer, Michael
Abstract: Background: Peer support is an established component of recovery from bipolar disorder, and online support groups may offer opportunities to expand the use of peer support at the patient’s convenience. Prior research in bipolar disorder has reported value from online support groups. Aims: To understand the use of online support groups by patients with bipolar disorder as part of a larger project about information seeking. Methods: The results are based on a one-time, paper-based anonymous survey about information seeking by patients with bipolar disorder, which was translated into 12 languages. The survey was completed between March 2014 and January 2016 and included questions on the use of online support groups. All patients were diagnosed by a psychiatrist. Analysis included descriptive statistics and general estimating equations to account for correlated data. Results and conclusions: The survey was completed by 1222 patients in 17 countries. The patients used the Internet at a percentage similar to the general public. Of the Internet users who looked online for information about bipolar disorder, only 21.0% read or participated in support groups, chats, or forums for bipolar disorder (12.8% of the total sample). Given the benefits reported in prior research, clarification of the role of online support groups in bipolar disorder is needed. With only a minority of patients using online support groups, there are analytical challenges for future studies.
Published: 2017

25. International multi-site survey on the use of online support groups in bipolar disorder

Author: Bauer, Rita, Conell, Jörn, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric Y.W., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Zompo, Maria Del, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Hvenegaard Lund, Anne, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O’Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela M., Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Bauer, Rita, Conell, Jörn, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric Y.W., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Zompo, Maria Del, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Hvenegaard Lund, Anne, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O’Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela M., Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., and Bauer, Michael
Abstract: Background: Peer support is an established component of recovery from bipolar disorder, and online support groups may offer opportunities to expand the use of peer support at the patient’s convenience. Prior research in bipolar disorder has reported value from online support groups. Aims: To understand the use of online support groups by patients with bipolar disorder as part of a larger project about information seeking. Methods: The results are based on a one-time, paper-based anonymous survey about information seeking by patients with bipolar disorder, which was translated into 12 languages. The survey was completed between March 2014 and January 2016 and included questions on the use of online support groups. All patients were diagnosed by a psychiatrist. Analysis included descriptive statistics and general estimating equations to account for correlated data. Results and conclusions: The survey was completed by 1222 patients in 17 countries. The patients used the Internet at a percentage similar to the general public. Of the Internet users who looked online for information about bipolar disorder, only 21.0% read or participated in support groups, chats, or forums for bipolar disorder (12.8% of the total sample). Given the benefits reported in prior research, clarification of the role of online support groups in bipolar disorder is needed. With only a minority of patients using online support groups, there are analytical challenges for future studies.
Published: 2017

26. International multi-site survey on the use of online support groups in bipolar disorder

Author: Bauer, Rita, Conell, Jörn, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric Y.W., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Zompo, Maria Del, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Hvenegaard Lund, Anne, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O’Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela M., Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Bauer, Rita, Conell, Jörn, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric Y.W., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Zompo, Maria Del, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Hvenegaard Lund, Anne, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O’Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela M., Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., and Bauer, Michael
Abstract: Background: Peer support is an established component of recovery from bipolar disorder, and online support groups may offer opportunities to expand the use of peer support at the patient’s convenience. Prior research in bipolar disorder has reported value from online support groups. Aims: To understand the use of online support groups by patients with bipolar disorder as part of a larger project about information seeking. Methods: The results are based on a one-time, paper-based anonymous survey about information seeking by patients with bipolar disorder, which was translated into 12 languages. The survey was completed between March 2014 and January 2016 and included questions on the use of online support groups. All patients were diagnosed by a psychiatrist. Analysis included descriptive statistics and general estimating equations to account for correlated data. Results and conclusions: The survey was completed by 1222 patients in 17 countries. The patients used the Internet at a percentage similar to the general public. Of the Internet users who looked online for information about bipolar disorder, only 21.0% read or participated in support groups, chats, or forums for bipolar disorder (12.8% of the total sample). Given the benefits reported in prior research, clarification of the role of online support groups in bipolar disorder is needed. With only a minority of patients using online support groups, there are analytical challenges for future studies.
Published: 2017

27. International multi-site survey on the use of online support groups in bipolar disorder

Author: Bauer, Rita, Conell, Jörn, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric Y.W., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Zompo, Maria Del, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Hvenegaard Lund, Anne, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O’Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela M., Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Bauer, Rita, Conell, Jörn, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric Y.W., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Zompo, Maria Del, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Hvenegaard Lund, Anne, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O’Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela M., Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., and Bauer, Michael
Abstract: Background: Peer support is an established component of recovery from bipolar disorder, and online support groups may offer opportunities to expand the use of peer support at the patient’s convenience. Prior research in bipolar disorder has reported value from online support groups. Aims: To understand the use of online support groups by patients with bipolar disorder as part of a larger project about information seeking. Methods: The results are based on a one-time, paper-based anonymous survey about information seeking by patients with bipolar disorder, which was translated into 12 languages. The survey was completed between March 2014 and January 2016 and included questions on the use of online support groups. All patients were diagnosed by a psychiatrist. Analysis included descriptive statistics and general estimating equations to account for correlated data. Results and conclusions: The survey was completed by 1222 patients in 17 countries. The patients used the Internet at a percentage similar to the general public. Of the Internet users who looked online for information about bipolar disorder, only 21.0% read or participated in support groups, chats, or forums for bipolar disorder (12.8% of the total sample). Given the benefits reported in prior research, clarification of the role of online support groups in bipolar disorder is needed. With only a minority of patients using online support groups, there are analytical challenges for future studies.
Published: 2017

28. International multi-site survey on the use of online support groups in bipolar disorder

Author: Bauer, Rita, Conell, Jörn, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Castro, Angela M Paredes, Cheung, Eric Y W, Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Zompo, Maria Del, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Hernandez, Miryam Fernández, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M, Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W, Hvenegaard Lund, Anne, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E, O'donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K, Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela M, Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H, Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C, Bauer, Michael, Bauer, Rita, Conell, Jörn, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Castro, Angela M Paredes, Cheung, Eric Y W, Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Zompo, Maria Del, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Hernandez, Miryam Fernández, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M, Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W, Hvenegaard Lund, Anne, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E, O'donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K, Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela M, Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H, Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C, and Bauer, Michael
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Peer support is an established component of recovery from bipolar disorder, and online support groups may offer opportunities to expand the use of peer support at the patient's convenience. Prior research in bipolar disorder has reported value from online support groups.AIMS: To understand the use of online support groups by patients with bipolar disorder as part of a larger project about information seeking.METHODS: The results are based on a one-time, paper-based anonymous survey about information seeking by patients with bipolar disorder, which was translated into 12 languages. The survey was completed between March 2014 and January 2016 and included questions on the use of online support groups. All patients were diagnosed by a psychiatrist. Analysis included descriptive statistics and general estimating equations to account for correlated data.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The survey was completed by 1222 patients in 17 countries. The patients used the Internet at a percentage similar to the general public. Of the Internet users who looked online for information about bipolar disorder, only 21.0% read or participated in support groups, chats, or forums for bipolar disorder (12.8% of the total sample). Given the benefits reported in prior research, clarification of the role of online support groups in bipolar disorder is needed. With only a minority of patients using online support groups, there are analytical challenges for future studies.
Published: 2017

29. Online information seeking by patients with bipolar disorder:results from an international multisite survey

Author: Conell, Jörn, Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela Marianne, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, González-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Lam, Chun, Larsen, Erik Roj, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus, Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O’Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela Miranda, Slaney, Claire, Hatim Sulaiman, Ahmad, Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Zorrilla, Iñaki, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Conell, Jörn, Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela Marianne, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, González-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Lam, Chun, Larsen, Erik Roj, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus, Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O’Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela Miranda, Slaney, Claire, Hatim Sulaiman, Ahmad, Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Zorrilla, Iñaki, Whybrow, Peter C., and Bauer, Michael
Abstract: Background: Information seeking is an important coping mechanism for dealing with chronic illness. Despite a growing number of mental health websites, there is little understanding of how patients with bipolar disorder use the Internet to seek information. Methods: A 39 question, paper-based, anonymous survey, translated into 12 languages, was completed by 1222 patients in 17 countries as a convenience sample between March 2014 and January 2016. All patients had a diagnosis of bipolar disorder from a psychiatrist. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and generalized estimating equations to account for correlated data. Results: 976 (81 % of 1212 valid responses) of the patients used the Internet, and of these 750 (77 %) looked for information on bipolar disorder. When looking online for information, 89 % used a computer rather than a smartphone, and 79 % started with a general search engine. The primary reasons for searching were drug side effects (51 %), to learn anonymously (43 %), and for help coping (39 %). About 1/3 rated their search skills as expert, and 2/3 as basic or intermediate. 59 % preferred a website on mental illness and 33 % preferred Wikipedia. Only 20 % read or participated in online support groups. Most patients (62 %) searched a couple times a year. Online information seeking helped about 2/3 to cope (41 % of the entire sample). About 2/3 did not discuss Internet findings with their doctor. Conclusion: Online information seeking helps many patients to cope although alternative information sources remain important. Most patients do not discuss Internet findings with their doctor, and concern remains about the quality of online information especially related to prescription drugs. Patients may not rate search skills accurately, and may not understand limitations of online privacy. More patient education about online information searching is needed and physicians should recommend a few high quality websites.
Published: 2016

30. Online information seeking by patients with bipolar disorder:results from an international multisite survey

Author: Conell, Jörn, Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela Marianne, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, González-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Lam, Chun, Larsen, Erik Roj, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus, Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O’Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela Miranda, Slaney, Claire, Hatim Sulaiman, Ahmad, Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Zorrilla, Iñaki, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Conell, Jörn, Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela Marianne, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, González-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Lam, Chun, Larsen, Erik Roj, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus, Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O’Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela Miranda, Slaney, Claire, Hatim Sulaiman, Ahmad, Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Zorrilla, Iñaki, Whybrow, Peter C., and Bauer, Michael
Abstract: Background: Information seeking is an important coping mechanism for dealing with chronic illness. Despite a growing number of mental health websites, there is little understanding of how patients with bipolar disorder use the Internet to seek information. Methods: A 39 question, paper-based, anonymous survey, translated into 12 languages, was completed by 1222 patients in 17 countries as a convenience sample between March 2014 and January 2016. All patients had a diagnosis of bipolar disorder from a psychiatrist. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and generalized estimating equations to account for correlated data. Results: 976 (81 % of 1212 valid responses) of the patients used the Internet, and of these 750 (77 %) looked for information on bipolar disorder. When looking online for information, 89 % used a computer rather than a smartphone, and 79 % started with a general search engine. The primary reasons for searching were drug side effects (51 %), to learn anonymously (43 %), and for help coping (39 %). About 1/3 rated their search skills as expert, and 2/3 as basic or intermediate. 59 % preferred a website on mental illness and 33 % preferred Wikipedia. Only 20 % read or participated in online support groups. Most patients (62 %) searched a couple times a year. Online information seeking helped about 2/3 to cope (41 % of the entire sample). About 2/3 did not discuss Internet findings with their doctor. Conclusion: Online information seeking helps many patients to cope although alternative information sources remain important. Most patients do not discuss Internet findings with their doctor, and concern remains about the quality of online information especially related to prescription drugs. Patients may not rate search skills accurately, and may not understand limitations of online privacy. More patient education about online information searching is needed and physicians should recommend a few high quality websites.
Published: 2016

31. Internet use by patients with bipolar disorder:results from an international multisite survey

Author: Bauer, Rita, Conell, Jörn, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric YW., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, González-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Misiak, Blazej, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O'Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Piotrowski, Patryk, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela M., Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Bauer, Rita, Conell, Jörn, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric YW., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, González-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Misiak, Blazej, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O'Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Piotrowski, Patryk, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela M., Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., and Bauer, Michael
Abstract: There is considerable international interest in online education of patients with bipolar disorder, yet little understanding of how patients use the Internet and other sources to seek information. 1171 patients with bipolar disorder diagnosis in 17 countries completed a paper-based, anonymous survey. 81% of the patients used the Internet, a percentage similar to the general public. Older age, less education, and challenges in country telecommunications infrastructure and demographics decreased the odds of using the Internet. About 78% of the Internet users looked online for information on bipolar disorder or 63% of the total sample. More years of education in relation to the country mean, and feeling very confident about managing life decreased the odds of seeking information on bipolar disorder online, while having attended support groups increased the odds. Patients who looked online for information on bipolar disorder consulted medical professionals plus a mean of 2.3 other information sources such as books, physician handouts, and others with bipolar disorder. Patients not using the Internet consulted medical professionals plus a mean of 1.6 other information sources. The percentage of patients with bipolar disorder who use the Internet is about the same as the general public. Other information sources remain important.
Published: 2016

32. Internet use by patients with bipolar disorder:results from an international multisite survey

Author: Bauer, Rita, Conell, Jörn, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric YW., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, González-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Misiak, Blazej, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O'Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Piotrowski, Patryk, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela M., Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Bauer, Rita, Conell, Jörn, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric YW., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, González-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Misiak, Blazej, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O'Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Piotrowski, Patryk, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela M., Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., and Bauer, Michael
Abstract: There is considerable international interest in online education of patients with bipolar disorder, yet little understanding of how patients use the Internet and other sources to seek information. 1171 patients with bipolar disorder diagnosis in 17 countries completed a paper-based, anonymous survey. 81% of the patients used the Internet, a percentage similar to the general public. Older age, less education, and challenges in country telecommunications infrastructure and demographics decreased the odds of using the Internet. About 78% of the Internet users looked online for information on bipolar disorder or 63% of the total sample. More years of education in relation to the country mean, and feeling very confident about managing life decreased the odds of seeking information on bipolar disorder online, while having attended support groups increased the odds. Patients who looked online for information on bipolar disorder consulted medical professionals plus a mean of 2.3 other information sources such as books, physician handouts, and others with bipolar disorder. Patients not using the Internet consulted medical professionals plus a mean of 1.6 other information sources. The percentage of patients with bipolar disorder who use the Internet is about the same as the general public. Other information sources remain important.
Published: 2016

33. Online information seeking by patients with bipolar disorder: results from an international multisite survey

Author: Conell, Jorn, Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela Marianne, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Chillotti, Catarina, Choppin, Sabine, Del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Lam, Chun, Larsen, Eric Roj, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus, Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, Rene E., O'Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela Miranda, Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Zorrilla, Inaki, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Conell, Jorn, Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela Marianne, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Chillotti, Catarina, Choppin, Sabine, Del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Lam, Chun, Larsen, Eric Roj, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus, Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, Rene E., O'Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela Miranda, Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Zorrilla, Inaki, Whybrow, Peter C., and Bauer, Michael
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Information seeking is an important coping mechanism for dealing with chronic illness. Despite a growing number of mental health websites, there is little understanding of how patients with bipolar disorder use the Internet to seek information. METHODS: A 39 question, paper-based, anonymous survey, translated into 12 languages, was completed by 1222 patients in 17 countries as a convenience sample between March 2014 and January 2016. All patients had a diagnosis of bipolar disorder from a psychiatrist. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and generalized estimating equations to account for correlated data. RESULTS: 976 (81 % of 1212 valid responses) of the patients used the Internet, and of these 750 (77 %) looked for information on bipolar disorder. When looking online for information, 89 % used a computer rather than a smartphone, and 79 % started with a general search engine. The primary reasons for searching were drug side effects (51 %), to learn anonymously (43 %), and for help coping (39 %). About 1/3 rated their search skills as expert, and 2/3 as basic or intermediate. 59 % preferred a website on mental illness and 33 % preferred Wikipedia. Only 20 % read or participated in online support groups. Most patients (62 %) searched a couple times a year. Online information seeking helped about 2/3 to cope (41 % of the entire sample). About 2/3 did not discuss Internet findings with their doctor. CONCLUSION: Online information seeking helps many patients to cope although alternative information sources remain important. Most patients do not discuss Internet findings with their doctor, and concern remains about the quality of online information especially related to prescription drugs. Patients may not rate search skills accurately, and may not understand limitations of online privacy. More patient education about online
Published: 2016

34. Online information seeking by patients with bipolar disorder:results from an international multisite survey

Author: Conell, Jörn, Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela Marianne, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, González-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Lam, Chun, Larsen, Erik Roj, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus, Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O’Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela Miranda, Slaney, Claire, Hatim Sulaiman, Ahmad, Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Zorrilla, Iñaki, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Conell, Jörn, Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela Marianne, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, González-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Lam, Chun, Larsen, Erik Roj, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus, Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O’Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela Miranda, Slaney, Claire, Hatim Sulaiman, Ahmad, Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Zorrilla, Iñaki, Whybrow, Peter C., and Bauer, Michael
Abstract: Background: Information seeking is an important coping mechanism for dealing with chronic illness. Despite a growing number of mental health websites, there is little understanding of how patients with bipolar disorder use the Internet to seek information. Methods: A 39 question, paper-based, anonymous survey, translated into 12 languages, was completed by 1222 patients in 17 countries as a convenience sample between March 2014 and January 2016. All patients had a diagnosis of bipolar disorder from a psychiatrist. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and generalized estimating equations to account for correlated data. Results: 976 (81 % of 1212 valid responses) of the patients used the Internet, and of these 750 (77 %) looked for information on bipolar disorder. When looking online for information, 89 % used a computer rather than a smartphone, and 79 % started with a general search engine. The primary reasons for searching were drug side effects (51 %), to learn anonymously (43 %), and for help coping (39 %). About 1/3 rated their search skills as expert, and 2/3 as basic or intermediate. 59 % preferred a website on mental illness and 33 % preferred Wikipedia. Only 20 % read or participated in online support groups. Most patients (62 %) searched a couple times a year. Online information seeking helped about 2/3 to cope (41 % of the entire sample). About 2/3 did not discuss Internet findings with their doctor. Conclusion: Online information seeking helps many patients to cope although alternative information sources remain important. Most patients do not discuss Internet findings with their doctor, and concern remains about the quality of online information especially related to prescription drugs. Patients may not rate search skills accurately, and may not understand limitations of online privacy. More patient education about online information searching is needed and physicians should recommend a few high quality websites.
Published: 2016

35. Internet use by patients with bipolar disorder:results from an international multisite survey

Author: Bauer, Rita, Conell, Jörn, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric YW., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, González-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Misiak, Blazej, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O'Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Piotrowski, Patryk, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela M., Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Bauer, Rita, Conell, Jörn, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric YW., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, González-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Misiak, Blazej, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O'Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Piotrowski, Patryk, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela M., Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., and Bauer, Michael
Abstract: There is considerable international interest in online education of patients with bipolar disorder, yet little understanding of how patients use the Internet and other sources to seek information. 1171 patients with bipolar disorder diagnosis in 17 countries completed a paper-based, anonymous survey. 81% of the patients used the Internet, a percentage similar to the general public. Older age, less education, and challenges in country telecommunications infrastructure and demographics decreased the odds of using the Internet. About 78% of the Internet users looked online for information on bipolar disorder or 63% of the total sample. More years of education in relation to the country mean, and feeling very confident about managing life decreased the odds of seeking information on bipolar disorder online, while having attended support groups increased the odds. Patients who looked online for information on bipolar disorder consulted medical professionals plus a mean of 2.3 other information sources such as books, physician handouts, and others with bipolar disorder. Patients not using the Internet consulted medical professionals plus a mean of 1.6 other information sources. The percentage of patients with bipolar disorder who use the Internet is about the same as the general public. Other information sources remain important.
Published: 2016

36. Online information seeking by patients with bipolar disorder:results from an international multisite survey

Author: Conell, Jörn, Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela Marianne, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, González-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Lam, Chun, Larsen, Erik Roj, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus, Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O’Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela Miranda, Slaney, Claire, Hatim Sulaiman, Ahmad, Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Zorrilla, Iñaki, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Conell, Jörn, Bauer, Rita, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela Marianne, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, González-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Lam, Chun, Larsen, Erik Roj, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus, Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Misiak, Blazej, Piotrowski, Patryk, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O’Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela Miranda, Slaney, Claire, Hatim Sulaiman, Ahmad, Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Zorrilla, Iñaki, Whybrow, Peter C., and Bauer, Michael
Abstract: Background: Information seeking is an important coping mechanism for dealing with chronic illness. Despite a growing number of mental health websites, there is little understanding of how patients with bipolar disorder use the Internet to seek information. Methods: A 39 question, paper-based, anonymous survey, translated into 12 languages, was completed by 1222 patients in 17 countries as a convenience sample between March 2014 and January 2016. All patients had a diagnosis of bipolar disorder from a psychiatrist. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and generalized estimating equations to account for correlated data. Results: 976 (81 % of 1212 valid responses) of the patients used the Internet, and of these 750 (77 %) looked for information on bipolar disorder. When looking online for information, 89 % used a computer rather than a smartphone, and 79 % started with a general search engine. The primary reasons for searching were drug side effects (51 %), to learn anonymously (43 %), and for help coping (39 %). About 1/3 rated their search skills as expert, and 2/3 as basic or intermediate. 59 % preferred a website on mental illness and 33 % preferred Wikipedia. Only 20 % read or participated in online support groups. Most patients (62 %) searched a couple times a year. Online information seeking helped about 2/3 to cope (41 % of the entire sample). About 2/3 did not discuss Internet findings with their doctor. Conclusion: Online information seeking helps many patients to cope although alternative information sources remain important. Most patients do not discuss Internet findings with their doctor, and concern remains about the quality of online information especially related to prescription drugs. Patients may not rate search skills accurately, and may not understand limitations of online privacy. More patient education about online information searching is needed and physicians should recommend a few high quality websites.
Published: 2016

37. Internet use by patients with bipolar disorder:results from an international multisite survey

Author: Bauer, Rita, Conell, Jörn, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric YW., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, González-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Misiak, Blazej, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O'Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Piotrowski, Patryk, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela M., Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Bauer, Rita, Conell, Jörn, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T., Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Paredes Castro, Angela M., Cheung, Eric YW., Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Fernández Hernandez, Miryam, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John, Gildebro, Jonas, González-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M., Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W., Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Misiak, Blazej, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E., O'Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Piotrowski, Patryk, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela M., Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H., Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., and Bauer, Michael
Abstract: There is considerable international interest in online education of patients with bipolar disorder, yet little understanding of how patients use the Internet and other sources to seek information. 1171 patients with bipolar disorder diagnosis in 17 countries completed a paper-based, anonymous survey. 81% of the patients used the Internet, a percentage similar to the general public. Older age, less education, and challenges in country telecommunications infrastructure and demographics decreased the odds of using the Internet. About 78% of the Internet users looked online for information on bipolar disorder or 63% of the total sample. More years of education in relation to the country mean, and feeling very confident about managing life decreased the odds of seeking information on bipolar disorder online, while having attended support groups increased the odds. Patients who looked online for information on bipolar disorder consulted medical professionals plus a mean of 2.3 other information sources such as books, physician handouts, and others with bipolar disorder. Patients not using the Internet consulted medical professionals plus a mean of 1.6 other information sources. The percentage of patients with bipolar disorder who use the Internet is about the same as the general public. Other information sources remain important.
Published: 2016

38. Internet use by patients with bipolar disorder:Results from an international multisite survey

Author: Bauer, Rita, Conell, Jörn, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Castro, Angela M Paredes, Cheung, Eric Yw, Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo Souza, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Hernandez, Miryam Fernández, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John R, Gildebro, Jonas, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M, Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W, Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Misiak, Blazej, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E, O'Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Piotrowski, Patryk, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K, Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela M, Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H, Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C, Bauer, Michael, Bauer, Rita, Conell, Jörn, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Ardau, Raffaella, Baune, Bernhard T, Berk, Michael, Bersudsky, Yuly, Bilderbeck, Amy, Bocchetta, Alberto, Bossini, Letizia, Castro, Angela M Paredes, Cheung, Eric Yw, Chillotti, Caterina, Choppin, Sabine, Del Zompo, Maria, Dias, Rodrigo Souza, Dodd, Seetal, Duffy, Anne, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Hernandez, Miryam Fernández, Garnham, Julie, Geddes, John R, Gildebro, Jonas, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Goodwin, Guy M, Grof, Paul, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Kapur, Vaisnvy, Kunigiri, Girish, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R, Lewitzka, Ute, Licht, Rasmus W, Lund, Anne Hvenegaard, Misiak, Blazej, Monteith, Scott, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nakanotani, Takako, Nielsen, René E, O'Donovan, Claire, Okamura, Yasushi, Osher, Yamima, Piotrowski, Patryk, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K, Sagduyu, Kemal, Sawchuk, Brett, Schwartz, Elon, Scippa, Ângela M, Slaney, Claire, Sulaiman, Ahmad H, Suominen, Kirsi, Suwalska, Aleksandra, Tam, Peter, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Tondo, Leonardo, Vieta, Eduard, Vinberg, Maj, Viswanath, Biju, Volkert, Julia, Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C, and Bauer, Michael
Abstract: There is considerable international interest in online education of patients with bipolar disorder, yet little understanding of how patients use the Internet and other sources to seek information. 1171 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder in 17 countries completed a paper-based, anonymous survey. 81% of the patients used the Internet, a percentage similar to the general public. Older age, less education, and challenges in country telecommunications infrastructure and demographics decreased the odds of using the Internet. About 78% of the Internet users looked online for information on bipolar disorder or 63% of the total sample. More years of education in relation to the country mean, and feeling very confident about managing life decreased the odds of seeking information on bipolar disorder online, while having attended support groups increased the odds. Patients who looked online for information on bipolar disorder consulted medical professionals plus a mean of 2.3 other information sources such as books, physician handouts, and others with bipolar disorder. Patients not using the Internet consulted medical professionals plus a mean of 1.6 other information sources. The percentage of patients with bipolar disorder who use the Internet is about the same as the general public. Other information sources remain important.
Published: 2016

39. Influence of light exposure during early life on the age of onset of bipolar disorder

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Berk, Michael, Bjella, Thomas D., Bossini, Letizia, Bersudsky, Yuly, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Conell, Jörn, del Zompo, Maria, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Frye, Mark A., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Garneau-Fournier, Jade, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Iacovides, Apostolos, Isometsä, Erkki T., Kapczinski, Flávio, Kliwicki, Sebastian, König, Barbara, Krogh, Rikke, Lewitzka, Ute, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacQueen, Glenda M., Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Mónica, Melle, Ingrid, Monteith, Scott, Morken, Gunnar, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nery, Fabiano G., O'Donovan, Claire, Osher, Yamima, Pfennig, Andrea, Quiroz, Danilo, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Scippa, Ângela M., Severus, Emanuel, Simhandl, Christian, Stein, Dan J., Strejilevich, Sergio, Hatim Sulaiman, Ahmad, Suominen, Kirsi, Tagata, Hiromi, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Torrent, Carla, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Wanchoo, Mihir J., Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Berk, Michael, Bjella, Thomas D., Bossini, Letizia, Bersudsky, Yuly, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Conell, Jörn, del Zompo, Maria, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Frye, Mark A., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Garneau-Fournier, Jade, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Iacovides, Apostolos, Isometsä, Erkki T., Kapczinski, Flávio, Kliwicki, Sebastian, König, Barbara, Krogh, Rikke, Lewitzka, Ute, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacQueen, Glenda M., Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Mónica, Melle, Ingrid, Monteith, Scott, Morken, Gunnar, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nery, Fabiano G., O'Donovan, Claire, Osher, Yamima, Pfennig, Andrea, Quiroz, Danilo, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Scippa, Ângela M., Severus, Emanuel, Simhandl, Christian, Stein, Dan J., Strejilevich, Sergio, Hatim Sulaiman, Ahmad, Suominen, Kirsi, Tagata, Hiromi, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Torrent, Carla, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Wanchoo, Mihir J., Zetin, Mark, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Background: Environmental conditions early in life may imprint the circadian system and influence response to environmental signals later in life. We previously determined that a large springtime increase in solar insolation at the onset location was associated with a younger age of onset of bipolar disorder, especially with a family history of mood disorders. This study investigated whether the hours of daylight at the birth location affected this association. Methods: Data collected previously at 36 collection sites from 23 countries were available for 3896 patients with bipolar I disorder, born between latitudes of 1.4N and 70.7N, and 1.2S and 41.3S. Hours of daylight variables for the birth location were added to a base model to assess the relation between the age of onset and solar insolation. Results: More hours of daylight at the birth location during early life was associated with an older age of onset, suggesting reduced vulnerability to the future circadian challenge of the springtime increase in solar insolation at the onset location. Addition of the minimum of the average monthly hours of daylight during the first 3 months of life improved the base model, with a significant positive relationship to age of onset. Coefficients for all other variables remained stable, significant and consistent with the base model. Conclusions: Light exposure during early life may have important consequences for those who are susceptible to bipolar disorder, especially at latitudes with little natural light in winter. This study indirectly supports the concept that early life exposure to light may affect the long term adaptability to respond to a circadian challenge later in life.
Published: 2015

40. Influence of light exposure during early life on the age of onset of bipolar disorder

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Berk, Michael, Bjella, Thomas D., Bossini, Letizia, Bersudsky, Yuly, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Conell, Jörn, del Zompo, Maria, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Frye, Mark A., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Garneau-Fournier, Jade, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Iacovides, Apostolos, Isometsä, Erkki T., Kapczinski, Flávio, Kliwicki, Sebastian, König, Barbara, Krogh, Rikke, Lewitzka, Ute, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacQueen, Glenda M., Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Mónica, Melle, Ingrid, Monteith, Scott, Morken, Gunnar, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nery, Fabiano G., O'Donovan, Claire, Osher, Yamima, Pfennig, Andrea, Quiroz, Danilo, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Scippa, Ângela M., Severus, Emanuel, Simhandl, Christian, Stein, Dan J., Strejilevich, Sergio, Hatim Sulaiman, Ahmad, Suominen, Kirsi, Tagata, Hiromi, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Torrent, Carla, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Wanchoo, Mihir J., Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Berk, Michael, Bjella, Thomas D., Bossini, Letizia, Bersudsky, Yuly, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Conell, Jörn, del Zompo, Maria, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Frye, Mark A., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Garneau-Fournier, Jade, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Iacovides, Apostolos, Isometsä, Erkki T., Kapczinski, Flávio, Kliwicki, Sebastian, König, Barbara, Krogh, Rikke, Lewitzka, Ute, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacQueen, Glenda M., Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Mónica, Melle, Ingrid, Monteith, Scott, Morken, Gunnar, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nery, Fabiano G., O'Donovan, Claire, Osher, Yamima, Pfennig, Andrea, Quiroz, Danilo, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Scippa, Ângela M., Severus, Emanuel, Simhandl, Christian, Stein, Dan J., Strejilevich, Sergio, Hatim Sulaiman, Ahmad, Suominen, Kirsi, Tagata, Hiromi, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Torrent, Carla, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Wanchoo, Mihir J., Zetin, Mark, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Background: Environmental conditions early in life may imprint the circadian system and influence response to environmental signals later in life. We previously determined that a large springtime increase in solar insolation at the onset location was associated with a younger age of onset of bipolar disorder, especially with a family history of mood disorders. This study investigated whether the hours of daylight at the birth location affected this association. Methods: Data collected previously at 36 collection sites from 23 countries were available for 3896 patients with bipolar I disorder, born between latitudes of 1.4N and 70.7N, and 1.2S and 41.3S. Hours of daylight variables for the birth location were added to a base model to assess the relation between the age of onset and solar insolation. Results: More hours of daylight at the birth location during early life was associated with an older age of onset, suggesting reduced vulnerability to the future circadian challenge of the springtime increase in solar insolation at the onset location. Addition of the minimum of the average monthly hours of daylight during the first 3 months of life improved the base model, with a significant positive relationship to age of onset. Coefficients for all other variables remained stable, significant and consistent with the base model. Conclusions: Light exposure during early life may have important consequences for those who are susceptible to bipolar disorder, especially at latitudes with little natural light in winter. This study indirectly supports the concept that early life exposure to light may affect the long term adaptability to respond to a circadian challenge later in life.
Published: 2015

41. Influence of light exposure during early life on the age of onset of bipolar disorder

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Berk, Michael, Bjella, Thomas D., Bossini, Letizia, Bersudsky, Yuly, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Conell, Jörn, del Zompo, Maria, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Frye, Mark A., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Garneau-Fournier, Jade, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Iacovides, Apostolos, Isometsä, Erkki T., Kapczinski, Flávio, Kliwicki, Sebastian, König, Barbara, Krogh, Rikke, Lewitzka, Ute, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacQueen, Glenda M., Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Mónica, Melle, Ingrid, Monteith, Scott, Morken, Gunnar, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nery, Fabiano G., O'Donovan, Claire, Osher, Yamima, Pfennig, Andrea, Quiroz, Danilo, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Scippa, Ângela M., Severus, Emanuel, Simhandl, Christian, Stein, Dan J., Strejilevich, Sergio, Hatim Sulaiman, Ahmad, Suominen, Kirsi, Tagata, Hiromi, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Torrent, Carla, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Wanchoo, Mihir J., Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Berk, Michael, Bjella, Thomas D., Bossini, Letizia, Bersudsky, Yuly, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Conell, Jörn, del Zompo, Maria, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Frye, Mark A., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Garneau-Fournier, Jade, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Iacovides, Apostolos, Isometsä, Erkki T., Kapczinski, Flávio, Kliwicki, Sebastian, König, Barbara, Krogh, Rikke, Lewitzka, Ute, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacQueen, Glenda M., Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Mónica, Melle, Ingrid, Monteith, Scott, Morken, Gunnar, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nery, Fabiano G., O'Donovan, Claire, Osher, Yamima, Pfennig, Andrea, Quiroz, Danilo, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Scippa, Ângela M., Severus, Emanuel, Simhandl, Christian, Stein, Dan J., Strejilevich, Sergio, Hatim Sulaiman, Ahmad, Suominen, Kirsi, Tagata, Hiromi, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Torrent, Carla, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Wanchoo, Mihir J., Zetin, Mark, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Background: Environmental conditions early in life may imprint the circadian system and influence response to environmental signals later in life. We previously determined that a large springtime increase in solar insolation at the onset location was associated with a younger age of onset of bipolar disorder, especially with a family history of mood disorders. This study investigated whether the hours of daylight at the birth location affected this association. Methods: Data collected previously at 36 collection sites from 23 countries were available for 3896 patients with bipolar I disorder, born between latitudes of 1.4N and 70.7N, and 1.2S and 41.3S. Hours of daylight variables for the birth location were added to a base model to assess the relation between the age of onset and solar insolation. Results: More hours of daylight at the birth location during early life was associated with an older age of onset, suggesting reduced vulnerability to the future circadian challenge of the springtime increase in solar insolation at the onset location. Addition of the minimum of the average monthly hours of daylight during the first 3 months of life improved the base model, with a significant positive relationship to age of onset. Coefficients for all other variables remained stable, significant and consistent with the base model. Conclusions: Light exposure during early life may have important consequences for those who are susceptible to bipolar disorder, especially at latitudes with little natural light in winter. This study indirectly supports the concept that early life exposure to light may affect the long term adaptability to respond to a circadian challenge later in life.
Published: 2015

42. Influence of light exposure during early life on the age of onset of bipolar disorder

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Berk, Michael, Bjella, Thomas D., Bossini, Letizia, Bersudsky, Yuly, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Conell, Jörn, del Zompo, Maria, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Frye, Mark A., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Garneau-Fournier, Jade, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Iacovides, Apostolos, Isometsä, Erkki T., Kapczinski, Flávio, Kliwicki, Sebastian, König, Barbara, Krogh, Rikke, Lewitzka, Ute, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacQueen, Glenda M., Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Mónica, Melle, Ingrid, Monteith, Scott, Morken, Gunnar, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nery, Fabiano G., O'Donovan, Claire, Osher, Yamima, Pfennig, Andrea, Quiroz, Danilo, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Scippa, Ângela M., Severus, Emanuel, Simhandl, Christian, Stein, Dan J., Strejilevich, Sergio, Hatim Sulaiman, Ahmad, Suominen, Kirsi, Tagata, Hiromi, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Torrent, Carla, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Wanchoo, Mihir J., Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Baune, Bernhard T., Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Berk, Michael, Bjella, Thomas D., Bossini, Letizia, Bersudsky, Yuly, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Conell, Jörn, del Zompo, Maria, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Frye, Mark A., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Garneau-Fournier, Jade, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Gottlieb, John F., Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Iacovides, Apostolos, Isometsä, Erkki T., Kapczinski, Flávio, Kliwicki, Sebastian, König, Barbara, Krogh, Rikke, Lewitzka, Ute, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacQueen, Glenda M., Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Mónica, Melle, Ingrid, Monteith, Scott, Morken, Gunnar, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nery, Fabiano G., O'Donovan, Claire, Osher, Yamima, Pfennig, Andrea, Quiroz, Danilo, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Scippa, Ângela M., Severus, Emanuel, Simhandl, Christian, Stein, Dan J., Strejilevich, Sergio, Hatim Sulaiman, Ahmad, Suominen, Kirsi, Tagata, Hiromi, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Torrent, Carla, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Wanchoo, Mihir J., Zetin, Mark, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Background: Environmental conditions early in life may imprint the circadian system and influence response to environmental signals later in life. We previously determined that a large springtime increase in solar insolation at the onset location was associated with a younger age of onset of bipolar disorder, especially with a family history of mood disorders. This study investigated whether the hours of daylight at the birth location affected this association. Methods: Data collected previously at 36 collection sites from 23 countries were available for 3896 patients with bipolar I disorder, born between latitudes of 1.4N and 70.7N, and 1.2S and 41.3S. Hours of daylight variables for the birth location were added to a base model to assess the relation between the age of onset and solar insolation. Results: More hours of daylight at the birth location during early life was associated with an older age of onset, suggesting reduced vulnerability to the future circadian challenge of the springtime increase in solar insolation at the onset location. Addition of the minimum of the average monthly hours of daylight during the first 3 months of life improved the base model, with a significant positive relationship to age of onset. Coefficients for all other variables remained stable, significant and consistent with the base model. Conclusions: Light exposure during early life may have important consequences for those who are susceptible to bipolar disorder, especially at latitudes with little natural light in winter. This study indirectly supports the concept that early life exposure to light may affect the long term adaptability to respond to a circadian challenge later in life.
Published: 2015

43. Relationship between sunlight and the age of onset of bipolar disorder: An international multisite study

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Berk, Michael, Bjella, Thomas D., Bossini, Letizia, Bersudsky, Yuly, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Conell, Jorn, Del Zompo, Maria, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Frye, Mark A., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Garneau-Fournier, Jade, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Iacovides, Apostolos, Isometsa, Erkki T., Kapczinski, Flavio, Kliwicki, Sebastian, Koenig, Barbara, Krogh, Rikke, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacQueen, Glenda, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Melle, Ingrid, Monteith, Scott, Morken, Gunnar, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nery, Fabiano G., O'Donovan, Claire, Osher, Yamima, Pfennig, Andrea, Quiroz, Danilo, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Scippa, Angela M., Severus, Emanuel, Simhandl, Christian, Stein, Dan J., Strejilevich, Sergio, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tagata, Hiromi, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Torrent, Carla, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Wanchoo, Mihir J., Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Berk, Michael, Bjella, Thomas D., Bossini, Letizia, Bersudsky, Yuly, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Conell, Jorn, Del Zompo, Maria, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Frye, Mark A., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Garneau-Fournier, Jade, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Iacovides, Apostolos, Isometsa, Erkki T., Kapczinski, Flavio, Kliwicki, Sebastian, Koenig, Barbara, Krogh, Rikke, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacQueen, Glenda, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Melle, Ingrid, Monteith, Scott, Morken, Gunnar, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nery, Fabiano G., O'Donovan, Claire, Osher, Yamima, Pfennig, Andrea, Quiroz, Danilo, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Scippa, Angela M., Severus, Emanuel, Simhandl, Christian, Stein, Dan J., Strejilevich, Sergio, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tagata, Hiromi, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Torrent, Carla, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Wanchoo, Mihir J., Zetin, Mark, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Background: The onset of bipolar disorder is influenced by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. We previously found that a large increase in sunlight in springtime was associated with a lower age of onset. This study extends this analysis with more collection sites at diverse locations, and includes family history and polarity of first episode. Methods: Data from 4037 patients with bipolar I disorder were collected at 36 collection sites in 23 countries at latitudes spanning 3.2 north (N) to 63.4 N and 38.2 south (S) of the equator. The age of onset of the first episode, onset location, family history of mood disorders, and polarity of first episode were obtained retrospectively, from patient records and/or direct interview. Solar insolation data were obtained for the onset locations. Results: There was a large, significant inverse relationship between maximum monthly increase in solar insolation and age of onset, controlling for the country median age and the birth cohort. The effect was reduced by half if there was no family history. The maximum monthly increase in solar insolation occurred in springtime. The effect was one-third smaller for initial episodes of mania than depression. The largest maximum monthly increase in solar insolation occurred in northern latitudes such as Oslo, Norway, and warm and dry areas such as Los Angeles, California. Limitations: Recall bias for onset and family history data. Conclusions: A large springtime increase in sunlight may have an important influence on the onset of bipolar disorder, especially in those with a family history of mood disorders. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2014

44. Relationship between sunlight and the age of onset of bipolar disorder: An international multisite study

Author: Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Berk, Michael, Bjella, Thomas D., Bossini, Letizia, Bersudsky, Yuly, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Conell, Jorn, Del Zompo, Maria, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Frye, Mark A., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Garneau-Fournier, Jade, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Iacovides, Apostolos, Isometsa, Erkki T., Kapczinski, Flavio, Kliwicki, Sebastian, Koenig, Barbara, Krogh, Rikke, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacQueen, Glenda, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Melle, Ingrid, Monteith, Scott, Morken, Gunnar, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nery, Fabiano G., O'Donovan, Claire, Osher, Yamima, Pfennig, Andrea, Quiroz, Danilo, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Scippa, Angela M., Severus, Emanuel, Simhandl, Christian, Stein, Dan J., Strejilevich, Sergio, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tagata, Hiromi, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Torrent, Carla, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Wanchoo, Mihir J., Zetin, Mark, Whybrow, Peter C., Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Alda, Martin, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias, Ardau, Raffaella, Baethge, Christopher, Bauer, Rita, Bellivier, Frank, Belmaker, Robert H., Berk, Michael, Bjella, Thomas D., Bossini, Letizia, Bersudsky, Yuly, Cheung, Eric Yat Wo, Conell, Jorn, Del Zompo, Maria, Dodd, Seetal, Etain, Bruno, Fagiolini, Andrea, Frye, Mark A., Fountoulakis, Kostas N., Garneau-Fournier, Jade, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Harima, Hirohiko, Hassel, Stefanie, Henry, Chantal, Iacovides, Apostolos, Isometsa, Erkki T., Kapczinski, Flavio, Kliwicki, Sebastian, Koenig, Barbara, Krogh, Rikke, Kunz, Mauricio, Lafer, Beny, Larsen, Erik R., Lewitzka, Ute, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, MacQueen, Glenda, Manchia, Mirko, Marsh, Wendy, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica, Melle, Ingrid, Monteith, Scott, Morken, Gunnar, Munoz, Rodrigo, Nery, Fabiano G., O'Donovan, Claire, Osher, Yamima, Pfennig, Andrea, Quiroz, Danilo, Ramesar, Raj, Rasgon, Natalie, Reif, Andreas, Ritter, Philipp, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sagduyu, Kemal, Scippa, Angela M., Severus, Emanuel, Simhandl, Christian, Stein, Dan J., Strejilevich, Sergio, Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim, Suominen, Kirsi, Tagata, Hiromi, Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka, Torrent, Carla, Vieta, Eduard, Viswanath, Biju, Wanchoo, Mihir J., Zetin, Mark, and Whybrow, Peter C.
Abstract: Background: The onset of bipolar disorder is influenced by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. We previously found that a large increase in sunlight in springtime was associated with a lower age of onset. This study extends this analysis with more collection sites at diverse locations, and includes family history and polarity of first episode. Methods: Data from 4037 patients with bipolar I disorder were collected at 36 collection sites in 23 countries at latitudes spanning 3.2 north (N) to 63.4 N and 38.2 south (S) of the equator. The age of onset of the first episode, onset location, family history of mood disorders, and polarity of first episode were obtained retrospectively, from patient records and/or direct interview. Solar insolation data were obtained for the onset locations. Results: There was a large, significant inverse relationship between maximum monthly increase in solar insolation and age of onset, controlling for the country median age and the birth cohort. The effect was reduced by half if there was no family history. The maximum monthly increase in solar insolation occurred in springtime. The effect was one-third smaller for initial episodes of mania than depression. The largest maximum monthly increase in solar insolation occurred in northern latitudes such as Oslo, Norway, and warm and dry areas such as Los Angeles, California. Limitations: Recall bias for onset and family history data. Conclusions: A large springtime increase in sunlight may have an important influence on the onset of bipolar disorder, especially in those with a family history of mood disorders. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2014

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