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BackgroundLimited data exist on population-based risks and risk ratios (RRs) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated hospitalizations and clinical outcomes stratified by age and race/ethnicity.MethodsUsing data from electronic health records and claims from 4 US health systems for the period March 2020-March 2021, we calculated risk and RR by age and race/ethnicity for COVID-19-associated hospitalizations and clinical outcomes among adults (≥18 years). COVID-19-associated hospitalizations were defined based on COVID-19 discharge codes or a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 result. Proportions of acute exacerbations of underlying conditions were estimated among hospitalized patients with select underlying conditions, stratified by age and race/ethnicity.ResultsAmong 2.6 million adults included in the patient cohort, 6879 had COVID-19-associated hospitalizations during March 2020-March 2021 (risk: 264 per 100 000 population). Compared with younger, non-Hispanic White adults, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults aged ≥65 years had the highest hospitalization risk ratios (RR, 8.6; 95% CI, 7.6-9.9; and RR, 9.3; 95% CI, 8.5-10.3, respectively). Among hospitalized adults with COVID-19 and renal disease or cardiovascular disease, the highest proportion of acute renal failure (55.5%) or congestive heart failure (43.9%) occurred in older, non-Hispanic Black patients. Among hospitalized adults with chronic lung disease or asthma, the highest proportion of respiratory failure (62.9%) or asthma exacerbation (66.7%) occurred in older, Hispanic patients.ConclusionsDuring the first year of the US COVID-19 pandemic in this cohort, older non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults had the highest relative risks of COVID-19-associated hospitalization and adverse outcomes and, among those with select underlying conditions, the highest occurrences of acute exacerbations of underlying conditions.

BackgroundData are limited on influenza testing among adults with acute respiratory illness (ARI)-associated hospitalizations. We identified factors associated with influenza testing in adult ARI-associated hospitalizations across the 2016-2017 through 2019-2020 influenza seasons.MethodsUsing data from 4 health systems in the United States, we identified hospitalizations that had an ARI discharge diagnosis or respiratory virus test. A hospitalization with influenza testing was based on testing performed within 14 days before through 72 hours after admission. We used random forest analysis to identify patient characteristics and influenza activity indicators that were most important in terms of their relationship to influenza testing.ResultsAcross 4 seasons, testing rates ranged from 14.8%-19.4% at 3 pooled sites and 60.1%-78.5% at a fourth site with different testing practices. Discharge diagnoses of pneumonia or infectious disease of noninfluenza etiology, presence of ARI signs/symptoms, hospital admission month, and influenza-like illness activity level were consistently among the variables with the greatest relative importance.ConclusionsSelect ARI diagnoses and indicators of influenza activity were the most important factors associated with influenza testing among ARI-associated hospitalizations. Improved understanding of which patients are tested may enhance influenza burden estimates and allow for more timely clinical management of influenza-associated hospitalizations.

This thesis contributes to the public economics and economics of ageing literature. It focuses on heterogeneity in pension policy. In the first chapter, the heterogeneity relates to the age of individuals at the time of the reform. It analyses the distributional consequences of gradual pension reforms required to balance the intertemporal budget constraint, by adjusting either the accrual or the indexation rate. It shows that, based on employment and demographic forecasts for Belgium, 80% of the voting population would prefer the accrual reform to the indexation reform; implying that the youngest half of the population would bear 85% of the costs. So, there is a tradeoff between democracy and equality. The second chapter examines how pensions could account for occupation arduousness heterogeneity. It shows, using SHARE data, the possibility to infer a ranking of occupation arduousness from the health at old age. Then, it computes the adjustment of career length required to compensate for occupation arduousness. It concludes with caution by showing that the impact of occupation on health is dwarfed by that of childhood conditions. The third chapter considers lifespan heterogeneity. Life expectancy differs across income groups, and there is a growing consensus that this matters for pension policy. This chapter argues that, in addition to life expectancy, lifespan heterogeneity should also be looked at. It shows, using lifespan simulations based on US data from Chetty et al. (2016), that indexing retirement age to life expectancy differences could be misleading due to the large lifespan variance within income groups and the overlap of the lifespan distribution across them., (ECGE - Sciences économiques et de gestion) -- UCL, 2022

As a quantitative attribute used to measure the quality of pedestrian locomotion, the walkability index makes it possible to assertively identify the location of urban improvements. The integration of all this information related to walking brings to light the pedestrian reality, making walkability an important instrument of urban mobility. In this way, it is proposed to analyze the conditions of walkability in the centralities defined in the mobility plan of Brusque. A posteriori, to propose strategies and actions to improve walkability and pedestrian displacements in the centralities studied, being a driver of improvement of the city and its human settlements, bringing security, resilience and sustainability. As a methodology, five centralities were chosen. Thus, the analysis, data collection, and proposal of improvements for the walkability in the studied area began. Field data collection forms were structured, whose analysis items would result in the Walkability Index of each verified stretch, presented through Kernell heat maps. The study resulted in proposals for urban interventions, as well as elucidated the main problems contained within the centrality of the municipality. Keywords: walkability, thematic cartography, pedestrian, sidewalk., Como atributo quantitativo utilizado para medir a qualidade da locomoção dos pedestres, o índice de caminhabilidade possibilita de forma assertiva identificar pontualmente a localização de melhorias urbanas. As integrações de todas estas informações relacionadas ao caminhar trazem à luz a realidade do pedestre, fazendo com que a caminhabilidade se torne um importante instrumento da mobilidade urbana. Desta forma, propõem-se analisar as condições da caminhabilidade nas centralidades definidas no plano de mobilidade de Brusque. A posteriori, propor estratégias e ações para melhoria da caminhabilidade e dos deslocamentos de pedestres nas centralidades estudadas, sendo propulsor de melhoria da cidade e de seus assentamentos humanos, trazendo segurança, resiliência e sustentabilidade. Como metodologia, foram escolhidas cinco centralidades. Sendo assim, iniciou-se a análise, coleta de dados, e proposição de melhorias para a caminhabilidade na área estudada. Foram estruturados formulários de coleta de dados preenchimento em campo, cujos itens de análise resultariam no Índice de Caminhabilidade de cada trecho verificado, apresentados por meio de mapas de calor de Kernell. O estudo resultou em propostas de intervenções urbanas, bem como, elucidou as principais problemáticas contidas dentro de casa centralidade do município. Palavras-chave: caminhabilidade, cartografia temática, pedestre, calçada., Peer Reviewed

The objective of this paper is to support urban planning and the direction of public policies, providing a way for the structuring and availability of data that support the elaboration of maps of walkability indexes on public sidewalks. As a method, the OMT-G precepts were used in order to build a conceptual schema from a class diagram, data dictionaries and domains. The results provide a structured way of how the walkability indexes and other complementary characteristics can be stored and integrated with the rest of the municipal technical register. Keywords: Walkability Index, Geographic Information System, Public Policies, OMT-G., O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver um modelo conceitual com dados de índices de caminhabilidade em calçadas públicas de forma a subsidiar o planejamento urbano e o direcionamento de políticas públicas. Como método de modelagem, utilizaram-se os preceitos da OMT-G para elaboração de um modelo conceitual a partir da construção de diagrama de classe, dicionários de dados e de domínios. Os resultados visam fornecer um caminho estruturado de como os índices de caminhabilidade e demais características complementares podem ser inseridas e integrados ao cadastro técnico municipal. Palavras-chave: Índice de Caminhabilidade, Sistema de Informação Geográfica, Políticas Públicas, OMT-G., Peer Reviewed

The purpose of cartography is to present precise spatialized information in maps and specific symbology and the analysis of data in epidemiology has used cartography for more than 200 years to represent the axes of time, person and place and to verify the possible associations between exposure and It is made. More than just allowing communication and historical reporting, maps support political decision-making on several opportunities where geographic information is needed. To collaborate in decision-making, this work aims to present the history of COVID-19 by collection of time maps, using as a case study the spread of the disease in the State of Santa Catarina (SC) between 12/03/2020 and 11/05/2020. As a methodology, historical and documentary research was carried out, organization of geographic databases and also the production of thematic maps. As a result, daily qualitative reports and maps of external and community contamination of the disease were produced (maps every 10 days with numbers of confirmed cases and deaths). It is concluded that the COVID-19 diffusion route coincided with that of the main highway axes of SC, such as that of BR-101, which articulates the coastal and pre-coastal municipalities of the State, as well as BR-282 and BR-153, which integrate the municipalities of western Santa Catarina, notably Concórdia and Chapecó, important agro-industrial centers strongly affected by the disease., El propósito de la cartografía es presentar información espacializada precisa en forma de mapas y simbología específica y el análisis de datos en epidemiología ha utilizado la cartografía durante más de 200 años para representar los ejes de tiempo, persona y lugar y para verificar las posibles asociaciones entre la exposición y Está hecho. Más que solo permitir la comunicación y los informes históricos, los mapas apoyan la toma de decisiones políticas en varias ocasiones donde se necesita información geográfica. Para colaborar en la toma de decisiones, este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar la historia de COVID-19 mediante la recopilación de mapas temporales, utilizando como caso de estudio la propagación de la enfermedad en el estado de Santa Catarina (SC) entre el 12/03/2020 y 05/11/2020. Como metodología, se llevó a cabo una investigación histórica y documental, la organización de una base de datos geográficos y también la producción de mapas temáticos. Como resultado, se produjeron informes cualitativos diarios y mapas de contaminación externa y comunitaria de la enfermedad (mapas cada 10 días con un número de casos confirmados y muertes). Se concluye que la ruta de difusión de COVID-19 coincidió con la de los ejes principales de carreteras de SC, como la de BR-101, que articula los municipios costeros y precosteros del estado, así como BR-282 y BR- 153, que integran los municipios del oeste de Santa Catarina, especialmente Concórdia y Chapecó, importantes centros agroindustriales fuertemente afectados por la enfermedad., A cartografia tem por finalidade apresentar informações precisas espacializadas na forma de mapas e simbologia específica e a análise de dados em epidemiologia se vale da cartografia há mais de 200 anos para representar os eixos de tempo, pessoa e lugar e verificar as possíveis associações entre exposição e efeito. Mais do que somente permitir a comunicação e o relato histórico, os mapas são suportes à tomada de decisão política em diversas oportunidades onde a informação geográfica é necessária. Para colaborar na tomada de decisão este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar o histórico da COVID-19 por coleção de mapas temporais, utilizando como estudo de caso a difusão da doença no estado de Santa Catarina (SC) entre os dias 12/03/2020 e 11/05/2020. Como metodologia se realizou uma pesquisa histórica e documental, organização de banco de dados geográficos e também a produção de mapas temáticos. Como resultados foram produzidos relatos qualitativos diários e mapas da contaminação externa e comunitária da doença (mapas a cada 10 dias com os números de casos confirmados e óbitos). Conclui-se que a rota de difusão do COVID-19 coincidiu com a dos eixos rodoviários principais de SC, como o da BR-101, que articula os municípios litorâneos e pré-litorâneos do estado, bem como das BR-282 e BR-153, que integram os municípios do Oeste catarinense, notadamente Concórdia e Chapecó, importantes centros agroindustriais fortemente afetados pela doença.

Causal effects of a policy change on hazard rates of a duration outcome variable are not identified from a comparison of spells before and after the policy change if there is unobserved heterogeneity in the effects and no model structure is imposed. We develop a discontinuity approach that overcomes this by considering spells that include the moment of the policy change and by exploiting variation in the moment at which different cohorts are exposed to the policy change. We prove identification of average treatment effects on hazard rates without model structure. We estimate these effects by kernel hazard regression. We use the introduction of the NDYP program for young unemployed individuals in the UK to estimate average program participation effects on the exit rate to work as well as anticipation effects.

Background: Inter-country variation in patient-reported outcomes of adults with congenital heart disease has been observed. Country-specific characteristics may play a role. A previous study found an association between healthcare system performance and patient-reported outcomes. However, it remains unknown which specific components of the countries’ healthcare system performance are of importance for patient-reported outcomes. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between components of healthcare system performance and patient-reported outcomes in a large sample of adults with congenital heart disease. Methods: A total of 1591 adults with congenital heart disease (median age 34 years; 51% men; 32% simple, 48% moderate and 20% complex defects) from eight European countries were included in this cross-sectional study. The following patient-reported outcomes were measured: perceived physical and mental health, psychological distress, health behaviours and quality of life. The Euro Health Consumer Index 2015 and the Euro Heart Index 2016 were used as measures of healthcare system performance. General linear mixed models were conducted, adjusting for patient-specific variables and unmeasured country differences. Results: Health risk behaviours were associated with the Euro Health Consumer Index subdomains about patient rights and information, health outcomes and financing and access to pharmaceuticals. Perceived physical health was associated with the Euro Health Consumer Index subdomain about prevention of chronic diseases. Subscales of the Euro Heart Index were not associated with patient-reported outcomes. Conclusion: Several features of healthcare system performance are associated with perceived physical health and health risk behaviour in adults with congenital heart disease. Before recommendations for policy-makers and clinicians can be conducted, future research ought to investigate the impact of the healthcare system performance on outc

Avec une dépense de près de 18 milliards d’euros, les aides personnelles au logement constituent une politique publique majeure visant à soutenir les ménages les plus modestes dans leurs dépenses. Plusieurs évaluations ont cependant remis en question l’efficacité de ces aides en mettant en évidence leurs effets sur les prix des loyers et en suggérant une capture importante de ces sommes par les bailleurs. La hausse des loyers a progressivement poussé de plus en plus de ménage au-dessus du loyer-plafond, transformant incidemment une prestation à l’origine affectée à la dépense de logement, en une prestation sociale comme les autres. À partir de ce constat, les auteurs présentent dans cet opuscule une proposition de réforme des aides au logement. Elle a pour objectif de maintenir le budget actuel des aides au logement mais d’en modifier le fonctionnement afin d’améliorer leur efficacité. Dans un premier temps, le dispositif a été repensé afin de rompre le lien direct entre le montant du loyer et le montant de l’aide. Les aides au logement dépendent alors uniquement des caractéristiques du ménage et de ses ressources, comme toute prestation sociale. Dans un second temps, une fusion des aides au logement avec le Revenu de solidarité active (RSA) et la Prime pour l’emploi est envisagée. Cette réforme vise à réduire les effets inflationnistes des aides sur les loyers, à mieux intégrer les aides en direction des bas revenus en une seule prestation et à améliorer les incitations au retour à l’emploi.

Avec une dépense de près de 18 milliards d’euros, les aides personnelles au logement constituent une politique publique majeure visant à soutenir les ménages les plus modestes dans leurs dépenses. Plusieurs évaluations ont cependant remis en question l’efficacité de ces aides en mettant en évidence leurs effets sur les prix des loyers et en suggérant une capture importante de ces sommes par les bailleurs. La hausse des loyers a progressivement poussé de plus en plus de ménage au-dessus du loyer-plafond, transformant incidemment une prestation à l’origine affectée à la dépense de logement, en une prestation sociale comme les autres. À partir de ce constat, les auteurs présentent dans cet opuscule une proposition de réforme des aides au logement. Elle a pour objectif de maintenir le budget actuel des aides au logement mais d’en modifier le fonctionnement afin d’améliorer leur efficacité. Dans un premier temps, le dispositif a été repensé afin de rompre le lien direct entre le montant du loyer et le montant de l’aide. Les aides au logement dépendent alors uniquement des caractéristiques du ménage et de ses ressources, comme toute prestation sociale. Dans un second temps, une fusion des aides au logement avec le Revenu de solidarité active (RSA) et la Prime pour l’emploi est envisagée. Cette réforme vise à réduire les effets inflationnistes des aides sur les loyers, à mieux intégrer les aides en direction des bas revenus en une seule prestation et à améliorer les incitations au retour à l’emploi.

Avec une dépense de près de 18 milliards d’euros, les aides personnelles au logement constituent une politique publique majeure visant à soutenir les ménages les plus modestes dans leurs dépenses. Plusieurs évaluations ont cependant remis en question l’efficacité de ces aides en mettant en évidence leurs effets sur les prix des loyers et en suggérant une capture importante de ces sommes par les bailleurs. La hausse des loyers a progressivement poussé de plus en plus de ménage au-dessus du loyer-plafond, transformant incidemment une prestation à l’origine affectée à la dépense de logement, en une prestation sociale comme les autres. À partir de ce constat, les auteurs présentent dans cet opuscule une proposition de réforme des aides au logement. Elle a pour objectif de maintenir le budget actuel des aides au logement mais d’en modifier le fonctionnement afin d’améliorer leur efficacité. Dans un premier temps, le dispositif a été repensé afin de rompre le lien direct entre le montant du loyer et le montant de l’aide. Les aides au logement dépendent alors uniquement des caractéristiques du ménage et de ses ressources, comme toute prestation sociale. Dans un second temps, une fusion des aides au logement avec le Revenu de solidarité active (RSA) et la Prime pour l’emploi est envisagée. Cette réforme vise à réduire les effets inflationnistes des aides sur les loyers, à mieux intégrer les aides en direction des bas revenus en une seule prestation et à améliorer les incitations au retour à l’emploi.

Avec une dépense de près de 18 milliards d’euros, les aides personnelles au logement constituent une politique publique majeure visant à soutenir les ménages les plus modestes dans leurs dépenses. Plusieurs évaluations ont cependant remis en question l’efficacité de ces aides en mettant en évidence leurs effets sur les prix des loyers et en suggérant une capture importante de ces sommes par les bailleurs. La hausse des loyers a progressivement poussé de plus en plus de ménage au-dessus du loyer-plafond, transformant incidemment une prestation à l’origine affectée à la dépense de logement, en une prestation sociale comme les autres. À partir de ce constat, les auteurs présentent dans cet opuscule une proposition de réforme des aides au logement. Elle a pour objectif de maintenir le budget actuel des aides au logement mais d’en modifier le fonctionnement afin d’améliorer leur efficacité. Dans un premier temps, le dispositif a été repensé afin de rompre le lien direct entre le montant du loyer et le montant de l’aide. Les aides au logement dépendent alors uniquement des caractéristiques du ménage et de ses ressources, comme toute prestation sociale. Dans un second temps, une fusion des aides au logement avec le Revenu de solidarité active (RSA) et la Prime pour l’emploi est envisagée. Cette réforme vise à réduire les effets inflationnistes des aides sur les loyers, à mieux intégrer les aides en direction des bas revenus en une seule prestation et à améliorer les incitations au retour à l’emploi.

The amplification of Raman signals of the heteroaromatic cation 1-(N-methylpyrid-4-yl)-2-(N-methylpyrrol-2-yl)ethylene (PEP+)) bound to Au nanorods (NRs) was investigated at different excitation wavelengths to study the effect of the laser resonance with the absorption band of the PEP+ moiety and with the two plasmon oscillation modes of the NR. Two different PEP+ derivatives, differing in the length of the alkyl chain bearing the anchoring group, were used as target molecules. Raman spectra obtained exciting at 514 or at 785 nm (i.e., exciting the transverse or the longitudinal plasmon band) present a higher intensity than that at 488 nm suggesting a higher Raman amplification when the laser excitation wavelength is resonant with one of the two plasmon modes. Moreover, considering results of Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) calculations of the local field generated at the NR surface when either the transverse or the longitudinal plasmon modes are excited, we deduced that the resonance condition of the 514-nm laser excitation with the absorption band of the dye strongly contributes to the amplification of the Raman signal. © 2014 The Author(s).

The widespread application of quantum dots greatly profits from their broad absorption band. However, the variable nature of excitations within these bands is expected to result in undesired excitation energy dependence of steady state emission properties. We demonstrate the different role played by hot and cold carrier trapping in determining fluorescence quantum yields. Our analysis relates the energetic parameters with the available knowledge on the dynamics of charge trapping. It turns out that detrapping processes play a pivotal role in determining steady state emission properties. We studied excitation dependent photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) in different CdSe/CdxZn1-xS (x = 0, 0.5, and 1) quantum dots to identify best performing heterostructures in terms of shell thickness and composition. Our rationalization of the observed behavior is focused on the modulation of trapping and detrapping rates. The combination of experimental results and PLQY kinetics modeling reveals the need to consider hot-carrier trapping, supporting recent dynamics observations. This work provides a deeper insight into the trapping process in quantum dots, relating its energetics and dynamics.

Exciton interactions and dynamics are the most important factors determining the exceptional photophysical properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). In particular, best performances have been obtained for ingeniously engineered core/shell QDs. We have studied two factors entering in the exciton decay dynamics with adverse effects for the luminescence efficiency: exciton trapping at surface and interface traps, and non-radiative Auger recombination in QDs carrying either net charges or multiple excitons. In this work, we present a detailed study into the optical absorption, fluorescence dynamics and quantum yield, as well as ultrafast transient absorption properties of CdSe/CdS, CdSe/Cd0.5Zn0.5S, and CdSe/ZnS QDs as a function of shell thickness. It turns out that de-trapping processes play a pivotal role in determining steady state emission properties. By studying the excitation dependent photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) in different CdSe/CdxZn1-xS (x = 0, 0.5, 1) QDs, we demonstrate the different role played by hot and cold carrier trapping rates in determining fluorescence quantum yields. Finally, the use of global analysis allows us untangling the complex ultrafast transient absorption signals. Smoothing of interface potential, together with effective surface passivation, appear to be crucial factors in slowing down both Auger-based and exciton trapping recombination processes.

Two dimers of a heteroaromatic quadrupolar (acceptor-donor-acceptor) chromophore have been synthesized with different interchromophoric distances. Optical spectra of dimers in solution show a red shift of the linear absorption band upon decreasing the interchromophore distance, while fluorescence and two-photon absorption spectra are only marginally affected by the interactions. A bottom up approach is adopted to describe the spectra: via a detailed spectroscopic analysis of the monomeric species in solution, we define an essential-state model for the isolated chromophore and use this information to set up a model for the dimers also accounting for interchromophore electrostatic interactions. To discriminate between static screening governed by the static dielectric constant and dynamical screening at optical frequencies, we first solve the problem in the mean-field approximation and then define the excitonic Hamiltonian on the resulting best excitonic basis. Along this line, the evolution of spectral properties with the interchromophore distance is properly rationalized.

Semiconductor nanocrystals are rapidly spreading into the display and lighting markets. Compared with liquid crystal and organic LED displays, nanocrystalline quantum dots (QDs) provide highly saturated colors, wide color gamut, resolution, rapid response time, optical efficiency, durability and low cost. This remarkable progress has been made possible by the rapid advances in the synthesis of colloidal QDs and by the progress in understanding the intriguing new physics exhibited by these nanoparticles. In this review, we provide support to the idea that suitably engineered core/graded-shell QDs exhibit exceptionally favorable optical properties, photoluminescence and optical gain, while keeping the synthesis facile and producing QDs well suited for light emitting applications. Solid-state laser emitters can greatly profit from QDs as efficient gain materials. Progress towards fabricating low threshold, solution processed DFB lasers that are optically pumped using one- and two-photon absorption is reviewed. In the field of display technologies, the exploitation of the exceptional photoluminescence properties of QDs for LCD backlighting has already advanced to commercial levels. The next big challenge is to develop the electroluminescence properties of QD to a similar state. We present an overview of QLED devices and of the great perspectives for next generation display and lighting technologies.

The outstanding optical properties of Semiconductor Quantum Dots (QDs) have attracted much interest for over two decades. The development of synthetic methods for the production of core-shell QDs has opened the way to attaining almost ideal emitting properties. Their implementation in opto-electronic devices, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) and lasers, requires a full understanding of the fine details of their photophysics. The exciton dynamics of core and coreshell QDs was extensively studied by means of pump and probe (P and P) and transient photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopies. Nevertheless, the wealth of possible exciton and multi-exciton decay mechanisms, operating on comparable time-scales, results in complex signals. In this work, the exciton dynamics of a complete CdSe/Cd1-xZnxS series is investigated, with a focus on exciton trapping processes. Insights into the energy distribution of exciton traps are unveiled by wavelength resolve QY measurements. Multicolor P and P measurements give a deeper insight into the dynamics of exciton trapping and Auger recombinations. An inversion method is proposed as a powerful tool for separating different contribution in complex P and P transients. The outcomes of this work clarify the role of core/shell interfaces and surfaces in modulating the optical properties and suggest possible routes for their improvement.

The linear and nonlinear optical properties of the heteroaromatic push-pull-push two-photon absorbing dye N-methyl-2,5-bis[1-(N-methylpyrid-4-yl) ethen-2-yl]-pyrrole ditriflate (PEPEP) are reported. The determination of the two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-section spectrum has been performed with different techniques: femtosecond TPA-white light continuum probe experiments, two-photon-induced fluorescence, and open aperture Z-scan measurements using both nanosecond and femtosecond laser pulses. The measured TPA cross sections and their wavelength dispersion show a marked dependence on the parameters of the laser pulses and on the measurement technique employed. These properties are discussed in terms of the different microscopic mechanisms that can contribute to the multiphoton absorption processes, with different weight depending on the measurement conditions and on the photophysical parameters of the dye. © 2008 American Chemical Society.

An original and convenient three steps (swelling-poling-deswelling) process of poling a cross-linked polymer/NLO-phore composite to produce a stable second harmonic generation is described, using as a model system a cross-linked poly-amido amine network carrying covalently attached a modified Disperse Red One, a well known NLO-phore. This procedure is expected to be of wide applicability to produce composite polymeric materials with a rather stable second harmonic generation and of particular interest for NLO-phores sensitive to temperature. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Avec une dépense de près de 18 milliards d’euros, les aides personnelles au logement constituent une politique publique majeure visant à soutenir les ménages les plus modestes dans leurs dépenses. Plusieurs évaluations ont cependant remis en question l’efficacité de ces aides en mettant en évidence leurs effets sur les prix des loyers et en suggérant une capture importante de ces sommes par les bailleurs. La hausse des loyers a progressivement poussé de plus en plus de ménage au-dessus du loyer-plafond, transformant incidemment une prestation à l’origine affectée à la dépense de logement, en une prestation sociale comme les autres. À partir de ce constat, les auteurs présentent dans cet opuscule une proposition de réforme des aides au logement. Elle a pour objectif de maintenir le budget actuel des aides au logement mais d’en modifier le fonctionnement afin d’améliorer leur efficacité. Dans un premier temps, le dispositif a été repensé afin de rompre le lien direct entre le montant du loyer et le montant de l’aide. Les aides au logement dépendent alors uniquement des caractéristiques du ménage et de ses ressources, comme toute prestation sociale. Dans un second temps, une fusion des aides au logement avec le Revenu de solidarité active (RSA) et la Prime pour l’emploi est envisagée. Cette réforme vise à réduire les effets inflationnistes des aides sur les loyers, à mieux intégrer les aides en direction des bas revenus en une seule prestation et à améliorer les incitations au retour à l’emploi.

Avec une dépense de près de 18 milliards d’euros, les aides personnelles au logement constituent une politique publique majeure visant à soutenir les ménages les plus modestes dans leurs dépenses. Plusieurs évaluations ont cependant remis en question l’efficacité de ces aides en mettant en évidence leurs effets sur les prix des loyers et en suggérant une capture importante de ces sommes par les bailleurs. La hausse des loyers a progressivement poussé de plus en plus de ménage au-dessus du loyer-plafond, transformant incidemment une prestation à l’origine affectée à la dépense de logement, en une prestation sociale comme les autres. À partir de ce constat, les auteurs présentent dans cet opuscule une proposition de réforme des aides au logement. Elle a pour objectif de maintenir le budget actuel des aides au logement mais d’en modifier le fonctionnement afin d’améliorer leur efficacité. Dans un premier temps, le dispositif a été repensé afin de rompre le lien direct entre le montant du loyer et le montant de l’aide. Les aides au logement dépendent alors uniquement des caractéristiques du ménage et de ses ressources, comme toute prestation sociale. Dans un second temps, une fusion des aides au logement avec le Revenu de solidarité active (RSA) et la Prime pour l’emploi est envisagée. Cette réforme vise à réduire les effets inflationnistes des aides sur les loyers, à mieux intégrer les aides en direction des bas revenus en une seule prestation et à améliorer les incitations au retour à l’emploi.

The shell thickness and composition of CdSe-CdxZn1-xS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) are defining parameters for the efficiency of such materials as light emitters. In this work we present a detailed study into the optical absorption and fluorescence properties of CdSe-CdS, CdSe-Cd0.5Zn0.5S, and CdSe-ZnS QDs as a function of shell thickness. Moreover, the single-exciton recombination dynamics of these systems are analyzed by means of a time-correlated single-photon counting technique and directly related to the specific core-shell interfaces of the various QDs studied using a phenomenological kinetic model. The findings from this model highlight the strong role of the core-shell interface on both steady state photoluminescence and exciton recombination dynamics in these systems.

Semiconductor quantum dots possess attractive optical properties useful in the photonic field. Thanks to the evolution of core-shell colloidal synthesis, quantum dots exhibit almost ideal emitting properties. Their employment in optoelectronic devices is encouraged by their size-tunable emission as well as by their high absorption cross-section and high photoluminescence quantum yield. In this work, starting from the archetypal CdSe based system, the influence of shell thickness and composition on exciton dynamics in CdSe/CdxZn1-xScore-shell QDs is investigated. By means of steadystate and transient optical spectroscopy, single-and multi-exciton recombination processes are characterized and correlated with different shell materials. The present study clarifies why graded CdSe-CdS-Cd0.5Zn0.5-ZnS core-shell represents the best performing heterostructure for optical gain applications, since such quantum dots combine the high radiative rates of CdS with the superior confinement potential of ZnS in a single dot.

The structural nature of heterointerfaces in core-shell semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) plays a crucial role in tailoring their optical properties. In this work we have focused on using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy as a nondestructive tool to investigate the structural evolution of such interfaces in CdSe/CdS and CdSe/Cd0.5Zn0.5S colloidal QDs. A comparison between the two systems shows significant structural variation across the core-shell interfaces for the two different materials: a smooth interface for the former and an abrupt interface for the latter. This structural difference modifies the electronic structure within the QDs, which directly dictates the confinement behavior of the electrons and holes. The implications of this translate to a better understanding of why graded CdSe/CdS/Cd 0.5Zn0.5S/ZnS QDs are so lucrative for linear and nonlinear fluorescence-based applications. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

Bile duct cysts (BDC) are rare congenital anomalies of the biliary tree that are characterized by cystic dilatation of the extrahepatic and/or intrahepatic bile ducts. Presence of an anomalous bilio-pancreatic junction allowing pancreatic juice to reflux into the biliary tree is the most widely aetiopathogenic concept currently accepted. BDC are associated with biliary stasis and lithiasis, and the whole biliary epithelium is considered at risk of malignant transformation. Magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography is currently the most accurate preoperative imaging study to assess cyst anatomy and classify the disease according to the standard Todani classification. Complete cyst excision with cholecystectomy followed by biliary reconstruction using a Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy is the treatment of choice for the extrahepatic component of the disease (type I and IV BDC), but cystic involvement up to the roof of the main biliary convergence represents a real surgical challenge to perform complete resection. The optimal treatment of intrahepatic bile duct dilatations remains controversial, especially for type IV-A BDC. In type V BDC (Caroli's disease), extent of the liver resection is tailored to intrahepatic disease extent and takes into consideration the presence and severity of underlying chronic liver (congenital hepatic fibrosis) and kidney disease. Late postoperative cholangitis secondary to intrahepatic strictures and lithiasis, as well as the risk of metachronous cholangiocarcinoma that can occur throughout the whole biliary tree even after complete cyst excision, represent serious complications justifying careful long-term follow-up.

A partir de uma discussão sobre a morte, o artigo analisa algumas imagens inspiradas na literatura de Guimarães Rosa que estão presentes em outras linguagens artísticas. São apresentadas as leituras dos textos rosianos realizadas pela fotógrafa Maureen Bisilliat e pelos cineastas Marcello Tassara, Roberto Santos e Glauber Rocha., From a discussion about the death, the article analyzes some images proceeding from Guimarães Rosa images that are present in other artistic languages. Readings of Rosa texts made by the photographer Maureen Bisilliat and the moviemakers Marcello Tassara, Roberto Santos and Glauber Rocha are presented.

A partir de uma discussão sobre a morte, o artigo analisa algumas imagens inspiradas na literatura de Guimarães Rosa que estão presentes em outras linguagens artísticas. São apresentadas as leituras dos textos rosianos realizadas pela fotógrafa Maureen Bisilliat e pelos cineastas Marcello Tassara, Roberto Santos e Glauber Rocha., From a discussion about the death, the article analyzes some images proceeding from Guimarães Rosa images that are present in other artistic languages. Readings of Rosa texts made by the photographer Maureen Bisilliat and the moviemakers Marcello Tassara, Roberto Santos and Glauber Rocha are presented.

The two-photon absorption (TPA) properties of 4,4′-bis(para-di-n-butylaminostyryl)-2,2′-bipyridine (NBu2bipy) and related dipolar ([ZnY2(NBu2bipy)] (Y = Cl, CF3CO2), [Zn(2,2′-bipyridine)2(NBu2bipy)] [PF6]2) and octupolar ([Zn(NBu2bipy)3][PF6]2) complexes were investigated by the two-photon emission (TPE) technique in a femtosecond regime, working in the 730-930 nm spectral range. We found, in contrast with previous literature data, that the TPA enhancement upon coordination of a TPA active ligand to a metal center may be larger in the dipolar rather than the corresponding octupolar complex, the response being easily modulated by the choice of the ancillary ligands. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

We present the design, synthesis, and characterization of a class of heteroaromatic bichromophores in order to investigate intermolecular interactions and their effect on optical and nonlinear optical properties. As a design strategy we have linked two dipolar or quadrupolar units through a non-conjugated alkyl chain. The two units are connected either through their donor or their acceptor end-groups. This study represents a first step towards the design of bi- and multichromophoric systems with optimized NLO responses in order to exploit collective and cooperative effects from interchromophore interactions.

In this work we present an investigation of the non-linear optical (NLO) properties of two octupolar chromophores: [Zn(4,4'-bis(dibutylaminostyryl)-[2,2']-bipyridine)(3)](2+) and [Zn(4,4'-bis((E)-2-(N-(TEG)pyrrol-2-yl) vinyl)-[2,2']-bipyridine)(3)](2+) with Zn(II) as the coordination center, using two-photon emission technique (TPE) in fs-pulse temporal regime. Compared to the free ligands, our results do not show a net increase in the two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-section for the octupolar complexes, once normalized to the ligand unit. This is in partial disagreement with a previous theoretical study investigating the first molecule where a significant increase of the TPA cross-section was predicted (X.J. Liu, et al., J. Chem. Phys., 2004, 120, 11493).

The present invention relates to new heteroaromatic compounds with high two-photon absorption activity, useful in particular as optical power limiting agents via two-photon absorption or as imaging agents in confocal laser scanning fluorescence microsopy via two-photon absorption or excitation. [on SciFinder (R)] Patent Number: 2004018456 PCT Designated States: Designated States W: AE, AG, AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DZ, EC, EE, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MA, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MZ, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, YU, ZA, ZM, ZW, AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU. Main IPC: C07D401-14. Secondary IPC: C07D497-04; A61K041-00; A61K049-00; C07D213-00; C07D207-00; C07D333-00; C07D319-00. Patent: Application: WO; Date: 20030708.; Application Number: 2003-EP7300 Patent Assignee: (Universita' degli Studi di Milano - Bicocca, Italy). Patent Country: WO; Link \#1: E:/!sandro/miei\bpdf/2004\b68\bPCT\bTPA2.pdf

ARKIVOC: vol. 2003, no. 12, (issn) 1551-7012, (dlps) 5550190.0004.c08, This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License. Please contact mpub-help@umich.edu to use this work in a way not covered by the license.

ARKIVOC: vol. 2003, no. 12, (issn) 1551-7012, (dlps) 5550190.0004.c08, This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License. Please contact mpub-help@umich.edu to use this work in a way not covered by the license.

The first examples of heterocycle-based multi-branched dyes with efficient two-photon absorption (TPA) activity are reported; the novel chromophores exhibit large TPA cross sections ( as high as 1600 x 10(-50) cm(4) s photon(-1) molecule(-1), measured with 150 fs laser pulses at 800 nm); a strong cooperative enhancement in the branched systems with respect to the one-dimensional sub-units is found

The multiphoton absorption properties of an organic push-molecule are investigate with nano- (ns) and femto-second (fs) laser sources. The active molecule is a new quadrupolar dye, named PEPEP, where heterocyclic units act as strong donor-acceptor moieties. Z-scan and pump-probe experiments (both single-color and with white light pulses) allow us to measure the value and the wavelength dispersion of the cross section for instantaneous two photon absorption (TPA). When Z-scan experiments are performed with nanosecond pulses, much larger effective cross sections are measured than with femtosecond pulses and with remarkably different wavelength dispersion. This is interpreted as due to two-photon absorption followed by one-photon absorption from the excited state (TPA-ESA). The TPA (or TPA-ESA) spectrum is measured, through pump-probe and z-scan measurements in a large visible range, in order to find the peak wavelength for multiphoton absorption

A novel scheme for implementing the joint exploitation of different, somehow complementary mechanisms of nonlinear transmission in an optical limiting device is proposed. As active materials we have chosen the fullerene derivative FULP, as a reverse saturable absorber, and a new heterocyclic quadrupolar dye. PEPE, with highly efficient multiphoton absorption for nanosecond pulses. The nonlinear absorption properties of PEPEP in solution are extensively investigated for both femtosecond and nanosecond pulses. When Z-scan experiments are performed with nanosecond pulses, much larger effective cross sections are measured than with femtosecond pulses and with remarkably different wavelength dispersion. This is interpreted as due to two-photon absorption followed by one-photon absorption from the excited state. Chemically modified nonlinear molecules are incorporated in a hybrid organic-inorganic sol-gel matrix. Sufficiently high concentrations are achieved to allow the assembling of thin sol-gel disks into a "tandem" limiter with a total thickness smaller than the Rayleigh range of the focused laser beam. Preliminary testing of our limiter is reported and shows encouraging results. The resistance of the FULP-doped sol-gel glass to laser damage is substantially improved and the nonlinear attenuation at high pulse energies is enhanced.

We report on the synthesis and characterization of a novel series of heterocycle-based chromophores for third order non-linear optics (NLO), showing enhanced two-photon absorption activity and frequency-upconverted lasing efficiency. The parent compound is a push-pull system where a pyridinium ion acts as acceptor group and N-methylpyrrole as a donor. Its efficiency in the two-photon-pumped lasing conversion from 800 to 543 nm is one of the highest ever reported. We show here the role of the position and nature of substituents in the tuning and optimization of the lasing wavelength and conversion efficiency

We report the synthesis of sol-gel materials based on highly efficient heterocycle-based push-pull chromophores showing second- and third-order nonlinear optical activity. We show the proper functionalization of the best performing chromophores and their incorporation into a hybrid organic-inorganic sol-gel matrix. Different types of functionalization of the active molecule have been considered, including hydroxyl and alkoxysilyl end-groups. The functionalization strategy responded to different criteria such as stability and synthetic availability of the final molecular precursors, their solubility, and the used synthetic approach to the sol-gel material. The synthesis of the sol-gel materials has been tuned in order to preserve molecular properties and control important factors such as final concentration of the active dye in the matrix. Both acid- and base-catalyzed sol-gel synthesis has been taken into account. 3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane have been used as the organically modified alkoxides to prepare the hybrid organic-inorganic matrix. Characterization of the spectroscopic properties of the sol-gel materials is presented.

Avec mode texte

Avec mode texte

Avec mode texte

Aguilar Piñal. Bib. S.XVIII, Sign.: *-**⁴, *¹, A-D⁴, Portada con orla tipográfica, Texto con apostillas marginales

Le départ de Johnny Hallyday en Suisse, la suppression de la majeure partie de l’impôt sur les successions inscrite dans le programme de Nicolas Sarkozy, et les récentes réformes de l’impôt sur le patrimoine dans de nombreux pays développés font de la taxation du patrimoine un sujet d’actualité brûlant. Antoine Bozio, chercheur à l’Institute for Fiscal Studies, rappelle que les tendances de la taxation du patrimoine en Fance et en Europe sont à la baisse. Cela signifie-t-il que les justifications données à l'imposition du patrimoine ne sont plus pertinentes ? Bien au contraire, répond Antoine Bozio : les motifs justifiant une forte imposition du patrimoine sont de plus en plus nombreux, et qui plus est, défendus par des courants de pensée aussi opposés que le marxisme ou le libéralisme. L’auteur se livre à une étude des différents modèles de taxation du patrimoine chez nos voisins européens, tout en évaluant le poids des recettes levées par de tels impôts. Dans quel sens devrait aller une réforme du système d’imposition des patrimoines français ?

https://patrimoniodigital.ucm.es/r/thumbnail/647237, https://books.google.es/books/content?id=Gyi-jO-cHi8C&hl=es&pg=PP5&img=1&zoom=3&sig=ACfU3U3cDdgLWI6f31BvGIPoijtmK8h1wg&w=1025, Encuadernación de pergamino. - Ex-libris ms. en portada de la Casa de Probación de la Compañía d Jesús de Madrid., Nota a la edición: Colofón en h. 2Q3v, Nota a la descripción física: Sign.: a-d4, e6, A-Z4, 2A-2Q4, Nota a la descripción física: Grabado xilográfico en la portada, escudo papal, a-d4, e6, A-Z4, 2A-2Q4.

https://patrimoniodigital.ucm.es/r/thumbnail/647238, https://books.google.es/books/content?id=3T1-qpMe2F0C&hl=es&pg=PA1&img=1&zoom=3&sig=ACfU3U3nsJ9C938JcXOCD92CicU6MoHhow&w=1025, Encuadernación de pergamino. - Encuadernado con otras obras. - Ex-libris ms. en port."de la libreria del Coll.o de la Comp.a de Jhs e M.d". - Sellos: Scolegi Societate Iesu Madrid, Libreria del Collegio Imperial, Universidad Central-Fac. de Filosofia. - Olim: "69ª-6", "56-7 nº15691", "4ª=13411", "R.132211"., Nota a la edición: Colofón en h. 2Q3v, Nota a la descripción física: Sign.: a-d4, e6, A-Z4, 2A-2Q4, Nota a la descripción física: Grabado xilográfico en la portada, escudo papal, a-d4, e6, A-Z4, 2A-2Q4.