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1. Impact of invasive alien plants on native plant communities and Natura 2000 habitats: State of the art, gap analysis and perspectives in Italy

Author

Lazzaro, L, Bolpagni, R, Buffa, G, Gentili, R, Lonati, M, Stinca, A, Acosta, A, Adorni, M, Aleffi, M, Allegrezza, M, Angiolini, C, Assini, S, Bagella, S, Bonari, G, Bovio, M, Bracco, F, Brundu, G, Caccianiga, M, Carnevali, L, Di Cecco, V, Ceschin, S, Ciaschetti, G, Cogoni, A, Foggi, B, Frattaroli, A, Genovesi, P, Gigante, D, Lucchese, F, Mainetti, A, Mariotti, M, Minissale, P, Paura, B, Pellizzari, M, Perrino, E, Pirone, G, Poggio, L, Poldini, L, Poponessi, S, Prisco, I, Prosser, F, Puglisi, M, Rosati, L, Selvaggi, A, Sottovia, L, Spampinato, G, Stanisci, A, Venanzoni, R, Viciani, D, Vidali, M, Villani, M, Lastrucci, L, Lazzaro L., Bolpagni R., Buffa G., Gentili R., Lonati M., Stinca A., Acosta A. T. R., Adorni M., Aleffi M., Allegrezza M., Angiolini C., Assini S., Bagella S., Bonari G., Bovio M., Bracco F., Brundu G., Caccianiga M., Carnevali L., Di Cecco V., Ceschin S., Ciaschetti G., Cogoni A., Foggi B., Frattaroli A. R., Genovesi P., Gigante D., Lucchese F., Mainetti A., Mariotti M., Minissale P., Paura B., Pellizzari M., Perrino E. V., Pirone G., Poggio L., Poldini L., Poponessi S., Prisco I., Prosser F., Puglisi M., Rosati L., Selvaggi A., Sottovia L., Spampinato G., Stanisci A., Venanzoni R., Viciani D., Vidali M., Villani M., Lastrucci L., Lazzaro, L, Bolpagni, R, Buffa, G, Gentili, R, Lonati, M, Stinca, A, Acosta, A, Adorni, M, Aleffi, M, Allegrezza, M, Angiolini, C, Assini, S, Bagella, S, Bonari, G, Bovio, M, Bracco, F, Brundu, G, Caccianiga, M, Carnevali, L, Di Cecco, V, Ceschin, S, Ciaschetti, G, Cogoni, A, Foggi, B, Frattaroli, A, Genovesi, P, Gigante, D, Lucchese, F, Mainetti, A, Mariotti, M, Minissale, P, Paura, B, Pellizzari, M, Perrino, E, Pirone, G, Poggio, L, Poldini, L, Poponessi, S, Prisco, I, Prosser, F, Puglisi, M, Rosati, L, Selvaggi, A, Sottovia, L, Spampinato, G, Stanisci, A, Venanzoni, R, Viciani, D, Vidali, M, Villani, M, Lastrucci, L, Lazzaro L., Bolpagni R., Buffa G., Gentili R., Lonati M., Stinca A., Acosta A. T. R., Adorni M., Aleffi M., Allegrezza M., Angiolini C., Assini S., Bagella S., Bonari G., Bovio M., Bracco F., Brundu G., Caccianiga M., Carnevali L., Di Cecco V., Ceschin S., Ciaschetti G., Cogoni A., Foggi B., Frattaroli A. R., Genovesi P., Gigante D., Lucchese F., Mainetti A., Mariotti M., Minissale P., Paura B., Pellizzari M., Perrino E. V., Pirone G., Poggio L., Poldini L., Poponessi S., Prisco I., Prosser F., Puglisi M., Rosati L., Selvaggi A., Sottovia L., Spampinato G., Stanisci A., Venanzoni R., Viciani D., Vidali M., Villani M., and Lastrucci L.

Abstract

Invasive alien plants are a major threat to biodiversity and they contribute to the unfavourable conservation status of habitats of interest to the European Community. In order to favour implementation of European Union Regulation no. 1143/2014 on invasive alien species, the Italian Society of Vegetation Science carried out a large survey led by a task force of 49 contributors with expertise in vegetation across all the Italian administrative regions. The survey summed up the knowledge on impact mechanisms of invasive alien plants in Italy and their outcomes on plant communities and the EU habitats of Community Interest, in accordance with Directive no. 92/43/EEC. The survey covered 241 alien plant species reported as having deleterious ecological impacts. The data collected illustrate the current state of the art, highlight the main gaps in knowledge, and suggest topics to be further investigated. In particular, the survey underlined competition as being the main mechanism of ecological impact on plant communities and Natura 2000 habitats. Of the 241 species, only Ailanthus altissima was found to exert an ecological impact on plant communities and Natura 2000 habitats in all Italian regions; while a further 20 species impact up to ten out of the 20 Italian administrative regions. Our data indicate that 84 out of 132 Natura 2000 Habitats (64%) are subjected to some degree of impact by invasive alien plants. Freshwater habitats and natural and semi-natural grassland formations were impacted by the highest number of alien species, followed by coastal sand dunes and inland dunes, and forests. Although not exhaustive, this research is the first example of nationwide evaluation of the ecological impacts of invasive alien plants on plant communities and Natura 2000 Habitats.

Published
2020

2. Plant–environment interactions through a functional traits perspective: a review of Italian studies

Author

Chelli, S, Marignani, M, Barni, E, Petraglia, A, Puglielli, G, Wellstein, C, Acosta, A, Bolpagni, R, Bragazza, L, Campetella, G, Chiarucci, A, Conti, L, Nascimbene, J, Orsenigo, S, Pierce, S, Ricotta, C, Tardella, F, Abeli, T, Aronne, G, Bacaro, G, Bagella, S, Benesperi, R, Bernareggi, G, Bonanomi, G, Bricca, A, Brusa, G, Buffa, G, Burrascano, S, Caccianiga, M, Calabrese, V, Canullo, R, Carbognani, M, Carboni, M, Carranza, M, Catorci, A, Ciccarelli, D, Citterio, S, Cutini, M, Dalle Fratte, M, De Micco, V, Del Vecchio, S, Di Martino, L, Di Musciano, M, Fantinato, E, Filigheddu, R, Frattaroli, A, Gentili, R, Gerdol, R, Giarrizzo, E, Giordani, P, Gratani, L, Incerti, G, Lussu, M, Mazzoleni, S, Mondoni, A, Montagnani, C, Montagnoli, A, Paura, B, Petruzzellis, F, Pisanu, S, Rossi, G, Sgarbi, E, Simonetti, E, Siniscalco, C, Slaviero, A, Stanisci, A, Stinca, A, Tomaselli, M, Cerabolini, B, Chelli S., Marignani M., Barni E., Petraglia A., Puglielli G., Wellstein C., Acosta A. T. R., Bolpagni R., Bragazza L., Campetella G., Chiarucci A., Conti L., Nascimbene J., Orsenigo S., Pierce S., Ricotta C., Tardella F. M., Abeli T., Aronne G., Bacaro G., Bagella S., Benesperi R., Bernareggi G., Bonanomi G., Bricca A., Brusa G., Buffa G., Burrascano S., Caccianiga M., Calabrese V., Canullo R., Carbognani M., Carboni M., Carranza M. L., Catorci A., Ciccarelli D., Citterio S., Cutini M., Dalle Fratte M., De Micco V., Del Vecchio S., Di Martino L., Di Musciano M., Fantinato E., Filigheddu R., Frattaroli A. R., Gentili R., Gerdol R., Giarrizzo E., Giordani P., Gratani L., Incerti G., Lussu M., Mazzoleni S., Mondoni A., Montagnani C., Montagnoli A., Paura B., Petruzzellis F., Pisanu S., Rossi G., Sgarbi E., Simonetti E., Siniscalco C., Slaviero A., Stanisci A., Stinca A., Tomaselli M., Cerabolini B. E. L., Chelli, S, Marignani, M, Barni, E, Petraglia, A, Puglielli, G, Wellstein, C, Acosta, A, Bolpagni, R, Bragazza, L, Campetella, G, Chiarucci, A, Conti, L, Nascimbene, J, Orsenigo, S, Pierce, S, Ricotta, C, Tardella, F, Abeli, T, Aronne, G, Bacaro, G, Bagella, S, Benesperi, R, Bernareggi, G, Bonanomi, G, Bricca, A, Brusa, G, Buffa, G, Burrascano, S, Caccianiga, M, Calabrese, V, Canullo, R, Carbognani, M, Carboni, M, Carranza, M, Catorci, A, Ciccarelli, D, Citterio, S, Cutini, M, Dalle Fratte, M, De Micco, V, Del Vecchio, S, Di Martino, L, Di Musciano, M, Fantinato, E, Filigheddu, R, Frattaroli, A, Gentili, R, Gerdol, R, Giarrizzo, E, Giordani, P, Gratani, L, Incerti, G, Lussu, M, Mazzoleni, S, Mondoni, A, Montagnani, C, Montagnoli, A, Paura, B, Petruzzellis, F, Pisanu, S, Rossi, G, Sgarbi, E, Simonetti, E, Siniscalco, C, Slaviero, A, Stanisci, A, Stinca, A, Tomaselli, M, Cerabolini, B, Chelli S., Marignani M., Barni E., Petraglia A., Puglielli G., Wellstein C., Acosta A. T. R., Bolpagni R., Bragazza L., Campetella G., Chiarucci A., Conti L., Nascimbene J., Orsenigo S., Pierce S., Ricotta C., Tardella F. M., Abeli T., Aronne G., Bacaro G., Bagella S., Benesperi R., Bernareggi G., Bonanomi G., Bricca A., Brusa G., Buffa G., Burrascano S., Caccianiga M., Calabrese V., Canullo R., Carbognani M., Carboni M., Carranza M. L., Catorci A., Ciccarelli D., Citterio S., Cutini M., Dalle Fratte M., De Micco V., Del Vecchio S., Di Martino L., Di Musciano M., Fantinato E., Filigheddu R., Frattaroli A. R., Gentili R., Gerdol R., Giarrizzo E., Giordani P., Gratani L., Incerti G., Lussu M., Mazzoleni S., Mondoni A., Montagnani C., Montagnoli A., Paura B., Petruzzellis F., Pisanu S., Rossi G., Sgarbi E., Simonetti E., Siniscalco C., Slaviero A., Stanisci A., Stinca A., Tomaselli M., and Cerabolini B. E. L.

Abstract

Italy is among the European countries with the greatest plant diversity due to both a great environmental heterogeneity and a long history of man–environment interactions. Trait-based approaches to ecological studies have developed greatly over recent decades worldwide, although several issues concerning the relationships between plant functional traits and the environment still lack sufficient empirical evaluation. To draw insights on the association between plant functional traits and direct and indirect human and natural pressures on the environmental drivers, this article summarizes the existing knowledge on this topic by reviewing the results of studies performed in Italy adopting a functional trait approach on vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens. Although we recorded trait measurements for 1418 taxa, our review highlighted some major gaps in plant traits knowledge: Mediterranean ecosystems are poorly represented; traits related to belowground organs are still overlooked; traits measurements for bryophytes and lichens are lacking. Finally, intraspecific variation has been little studied at community level so far. We conclude by highlighting the need for approaches evaluating trait–environment relationship at large spatial and temporal scales and the need of a more effective contribution to online databases to tie more firmly Italian researchers to international scientific networks on plant traits.

Published
2019

3. Phenotypic differentiation among native, expansive and introduced populations influences invasion success

Author

Lazaro-Lobo, A, Moles, AT, Fried, G, Verloove, F, Campos, JA, Herrera, M, Goni, E, Bioret, F, Buffa, G, Fantinato, E, Sentinella, A, Zalucki, MP, Mayfield, M, Smith, T, Catling, A, Zalucki, JM, Lucardi, RD, Shoemaker, CM, Mason, DS, Ervin, GN, Lazaro-Lobo, A, Moles, AT, Fried, G, Verloove, F, Campos, JA, Herrera, M, Goni, E, Bioret, F, Buffa, G, Fantinato, E, Sentinella, A, Zalucki, MP, Mayfield, M, Smith, T, Catling, A, Zalucki, JM, Lucardi, RD, Shoemaker, CM, Mason, DS, and Ervin, GN

Abstract

Aim Humans influence species distributions by modifying the environment and by dispersing species beyond their natural ranges. Populations of species that have established in disjunct regions of the world may exhibit trait differentiation from native populations due to founder effects and adaptations to selection pressures in each distributional region. We compared multiple native, expansive and introduced populations of a single species across the world, considering the influence of environmental stressors and transgenerational effects. Location United States Gulf and Atlantic coasts, United States interior, European Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts, east coast of Australia. Taxon Baccharis halimifolia L. (eastern baccharis). Methods We monitored seed germination, seedling emergence, survival and early growth in a common garden experiment, conducted with over 18,200 seeds from 80 populations. We also evaluated the influence of environmental stress and maternal traits on progeny performance. Results Introduced European Atlantic populations had faster germination and early growth than native populations. However, this was not the case for the more recently naturalized European Mediterranean populations. Introduced Australian populations grew faster than native populations in non‐saline environments but had lower survival in saline conditions commonly encountered in the native range. Similarly, expansive inland US populations germinated faster than coastal native populations in non‐saline environments but grew and germinated more slowly in saline environments. Maternal inflorescence and plant size were positively related with seed germination and seedling survival, whereas flower abundance was positively correlated with seedling early growth and survival. However, maternal traits explained a much lower fraction of the total variation in early demographic stages of B. halimifolia than did distributional range. Main conclusions Phenotypic differentiation could

Published
2021

4. A first checklist of the alien-dominated vegetation in Italy

Author

Viciani, D, Vidali, M, Gigante, D, Bolpagni, R, Villani, M, Acosta, A, Adorni, M, Aleffi, M, Allegrezza, M, Angiolini, C, Assini, S, Bagella, S, Bonari, G, Bovio, M, Bracco, F, Brundu, G, Buffa, G, Caccianiga, M, Carnevali, L, Ceschin, S, Ciaschetti, G, Cogoni, A, Di Cecco, V, Foggi, B, Frattaroli, A, Genovesi, P, Gentili, R, Lazzaro, L, Lonati, M, Lucchese, F, Mainetti, A, Mariotti, M, Minissale, P, Paura, B, Pellizzari, M, Perrino, E, Pirone, G, Poggio, L, Poldini, L, Poponessi, S, Prisco, I, Prosser, F, Puglisi, M, Rosati, L, Selvaggi, A, Sottovia, L, Spampinato, G, Stanisci, A, Stinca, A, Venanzoni, R, Lastrucci, L, Viciani, Daniele, Vidali, Marisa, Gigante, Daniela, Bolpagni, Rossano, Villani, Mariacristina, Acosta, Alicia Teresa Rosario, Adorni, Michele, Aleffi, Michele, Allegrezza, Marina, Angiolini, Claudia, Assini, Silvia, Bagella, Simonetta, Bonari, Gianmaria, Bovio, Maurizio, Bracco, Francesco, Brundu, Giuseppe, Buffa, Gabriella, Caccianiga, Marco, Carnevali, Lucilla, Ceschin, Simona, Ciaschetti, Giampiero, Cogoni, Annalena, Di Cecco, Valter, Foggi, Bruno, Frattaroli, Anna Rita, Genovesi, Piero, Gentili, Rodolfo, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lonati, Michele, Lucchese, Fernando, Mainetti, Andrea, Mariotti, Mauro, Minissale, Pietro, Paura, Bruno, Pellizzari, Mauro, Perrino, Enrico Vito, Pirone, Gianfranco, Poggio, Laura, Poldini, Livio, Poponessi, Silvia, Prisco, Irene, Prosser, Filippo, Puglisi, Marta, Rosati, Leonardo, Selvaggi, Alberto, Sottovia, Lucio, Spampinato, Giovanni, Stanisci, Angela, Stinca, Adriano, Venanzoni, Roberto, Lastrucci, Lorenzo, Viciani, D, Vidali, M, Gigante, D, Bolpagni, R, Villani, M, Acosta, A, Adorni, M, Aleffi, M, Allegrezza, M, Angiolini, C, Assini, S, Bagella, S, Bonari, G, Bovio, M, Bracco, F, Brundu, G, Buffa, G, Caccianiga, M, Carnevali, L, Ceschin, S, Ciaschetti, G, Cogoni, A, Di Cecco, V, Foggi, B, Frattaroli, A, Genovesi, P, Gentili, R, Lazzaro, L, Lonati, M, Lucchese, F, Mainetti, A, Mariotti, M, Minissale, P, Paura, B, Pellizzari, M, Perrino, E, Pirone, G, Poggio, L, Poldini, L, Poponessi, S, Prisco, I, Prosser, F, Puglisi, M, Rosati, L, Selvaggi, A, Sottovia, L, Spampinato, G, Stanisci, A, Stinca, A, Venanzoni, R, Lastrucci, L, Viciani, Daniele, Vidali, Marisa, Gigante, Daniela, Bolpagni, Rossano, Villani, Mariacristina, Acosta, Alicia Teresa Rosario, Adorni, Michele, Aleffi, Michele, Allegrezza, Marina, Angiolini, Claudia, Assini, Silvia, Bagella, Simonetta, Bonari, Gianmaria, Bovio, Maurizio, Bracco, Francesco, Brundu, Giuseppe, Buffa, Gabriella, Caccianiga, Marco, Carnevali, Lucilla, Ceschin, Simona, Ciaschetti, Giampiero, Cogoni, Annalena, Di Cecco, Valter, Foggi, Bruno, Frattaroli, Anna Rita, Genovesi, Piero, Gentili, Rodolfo, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lonati, Michele, Lucchese, Fernando, Mainetti, Andrea, Mariotti, Mauro, Minissale, Pietro, Paura, Bruno, Pellizzari, Mauro, Perrino, Enrico Vito, Pirone, Gianfranco, Poggio, Laura, Poldini, Livio, Poponessi, Silvia, Prisco, Irene, Prosser, Filippo, Puglisi, Marta, Rosati, Leonardo, Selvaggi, Alberto, Sottovia, Lucio, Spampinato, Giovanni, Stanisci, Angela, Stinca, Adriano, Venanzoni, Roberto, and Lastrucci, Lorenzo

Abstract

This study provides a first step toward the knowledge of the alien-dominated and co-dominated plant communities present in Italy. The first ever checklist of the alien phytocoenoses described or reported in literature for the Italian territory has been compiled, produced by data-mining in national and local thematic literature. The resulting vegetation-type draft-list has been checked in the light of the most recent syntaxonomic documentation and updated with regards to syntaxonomy and nomenclature, with special reference to the frame proposed in the Italian Vegetation Prodrome. The list includes 27 vascular and one bryophyte vegetation classes, hosting 194 low rank alien-dominated syntaxa . The different vegetation types detected for each syntaxonomic class and macro-vegetation group, defined by physiognomical and ecological attributes, are discussed.

Published
2020

5. Prenatal stress and child development: A scoping review of research in low- and middle-income countries

Author

Buffa, G, Dahan, S, Sinclair, I, Buffa, G, Dahan, S, and Sinclair, I

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Past research has shown relationships between stress during pregnancy, and related psychosocial health measures such as anxiety and depressive symptoms, with infant, child, and adult outcomes. However, most research is from high-income countries. We conducted a scoping review to identify research studies on prenatal stress and outcomes of the pregnancy or offspring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to synthesize the stress measures and outcomes assessed, the findings observed, and directions for future research. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO for English-language abstracts published from Jan 1960-Jan 2017. Search terms were related to stress and psychosocial health; pregnancy; infant or child development; and LMICs. RESULTS: 48 articles were identified. Sixty percent of studies were in upper-middle, 25% in lower-middle, and 15% in low income countries. Most studies used questionnaires, either existing or tailor-made, to assess stress. Eight assessed cortisol. Most studies (n = 31) assessed infant outcomes at birth, particularly gestational age or preterm birth (n = 22, 12 showing significant relationships), and birthweight (n = 21, 14 showing significant relationships). Five studies analyzed outcomes later in infancy such as temperament and motor development, all showing significant results; and nine in childhood such as behavioral development, asthma, and physical growth, with eight showing significant results. CONCLUSIONS: Results highlight the importance of prenatal stress on infant and child outcomes in LMICs. Methods used in high-income countries are successfully employed in LMICs, but tailored tools remain necessary. Careful assessment of covariates is needed to foster analyses of interactive effects and pathways. Studies including longer-term follow-up should be prioritized.

Published
2018

6. A global method for calculating plant CSR ecological strategies applied across biomes world-wide

Author

Pierce, S., Negreiros, D., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Kattge, J., Díaz, S., Kleyer, M., Shipley, B., Wright, S.J., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Onipchenko, V.G., van Bodegom, P.M., Frenette-Dussault, C., Weiher, E., Pinho, B.X., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Grime, J.P., Thompson, K., Hunt, R., Wilson, P.J., Buffa, G., Nyakunga, O.C., Reich, P.B., Caccianiga, M., Mangili, F., Ceriani, R.M., Luzzaro, A., Brusa, G., Siefert, A., Barbosa, N.P.U., Chapin III, F.S., Cornwell, W.K., Fang, Jingyun, Wilson Fernandez, G., Garnier, E., Le Stradic, S., Peñuelas, J., Melo, F.P.L., Slaviero, A., Tabarrelli, M., Tampucci, D., Pierce, S., Negreiros, D., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Kattge, J., Díaz, S., Kleyer, M., Shipley, B., Wright, S.J., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Onipchenko, V.G., van Bodegom, P.M., Frenette-Dussault, C., Weiher, E., Pinho, B.X., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Grime, J.P., Thompson, K., Hunt, R., Wilson, P.J., Buffa, G., Nyakunga, O.C., Reich, P.B., Caccianiga, M., Mangili, F., Ceriani, R.M., Luzzaro, A., Brusa, G., Siefert, A., Barbosa, N.P.U., Chapin III, F.S., Cornwell, W.K., Fang, Jingyun, Wilson Fernandez, G., Garnier, E., Le Stradic, S., Peñuelas, J., Melo, F.P.L., Slaviero, A., Tabarrelli, M., and Tampucci, D.

Abstract

Competitor, stress-tolerator, ruderal (CSR) theory is a prominent plant functional strategy scheme previously applied to local floras. Globally, the wide geographic and phylogenetic coverage of available values of leaf area (LA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and specific leaf area (SLA) (representing, respectively, interspecific variation in plant size and conservative vs. acquisitive resource economics) promises the general application of CSR strategies across biomes, including the tropical forests hosting a large proportion of Earth's diversity. We used trait variation for 3068 tracheophytes (representing 198 families, six continents and 14 biomes) to create a globally calibrated CSR strategy calculator tool and investigate strategy-environment relationships across biomes world-wide. Due to disparity in trait availability globally, co-inertia analysis was used to check correspondence between a 'wide geographic coverage, few traits' data set and a 'restricted coverage, many traits' subset of 371 species for which 14 whole-plant, flowering, seed and leaf traits (including leaf nitrogen content) were available. CSR strategy/environment relationships within biomes were investigated using fourth-corner and RLQ analyses to determine strategy/climate specializations. Strong, significant concordance (RV = 0·597; P < 0·0001) was evident between the 14 trait multivariate space and when only LA, LDMC and SLA were used. Biomes such as tropical moist broadleaf forests exhibited strategy convergence (i.e. clustered around a CS/CSR median; C:S:R = 43:42:15%), with CS-selection associated with warm, stable situations (lesser temperature seasonality), with greater annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. Other biomes were characterized by strategy divergence: for example, deserts varied between xeromorphic perennials such as Larrea divaricata, classified as S-selected (C:S:R = 1:99:0%) and broadly R-selected annual herbs (e.g. Claytonia perfoliata; R/CR-selected

Published
2017
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7. Distribution map of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Asteraceae) in Italy

Author

Gentili, R, Gilardelli, F, Bona, E, Prosser, F, Selvaggi, A, Alessandrini, A, Martini, F, Nimis, P, Wilhalm, T, Adorni, M, Ardenghi, N, Barni, E, Bonafede, F, Bonini, M, Bouvet, D, Buffa, G, Ciappetta, S, Giordana, F, Faggi, G, Ghiani, A, Ghillani, L, Marcucci, R, Masin, R, Morelli, V, Montagnani, C, Montanari, S, Peccenini, S, Pellizzari, M, Romani, E, Saiani, D, Scortegagna, S, Sirotti, M, Truzzi, A, Vignodelli, M, Bagli, L, Fiandri, F, Siniscalco, C, Citterio, S, GENTILI, RODOLFO FILIPPO, GILARDELLI, FEDERICA, CIAPPETTA, SILVIA, GHIANI, ALESSANDRA, MONTAGNANI, CHIARA, CITTERIO, SANDRA, Gentili, R, Gilardelli, F, Bona, E, Prosser, F, Selvaggi, A, Alessandrini, A, Martini, F, Nimis, P, Wilhalm, T, Adorni, M, Ardenghi, N, Barni, E, Bonafede, F, Bonini, M, Bouvet, D, Buffa, G, Ciappetta, S, Giordana, F, Faggi, G, Ghiani, A, Ghillani, L, Marcucci, R, Masin, R, Morelli, V, Montagnani, C, Montanari, S, Peccenini, S, Pellizzari, M, Romani, E, Saiani, D, Scortegagna, S, Sirotti, M, Truzzi, A, Vignodelli, M, Bagli, L, Fiandri, F, Siniscalco, C, Citterio, S, GENTILI, RODOLFO FILIPPO, GILARDELLI, FEDERICA, CIAPPETTA, SILVIA, GHIANI, ALESSANDRA, MONTAGNANI, CHIARA, and CITTERIO, SANDRA

Abstract

The spread of the invasive and allergenic Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. in Italy was analysed and mapped using distribution data from a wide range of sources. Ambrosia artemisiifolia occupies 1057 floristic quadrants which are mostly distributed in the Po plain. The distribution obtained represents the basis to implement urgent management strategies.

Published
2017

8. Prenatal stress and child development: A scoping review of research in low- and middle-income countries

Author

Buffa, G, Dahan, S, Sinclair, I, Buffa, G, Dahan, S, and Sinclair, I

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Past research has shown relationships between stress during pregnancy, and related psychosocial health measures such as anxiety and depressive symptoms, with infant, child, and adult outcomes. However, most research is from high-income countries. We conducted a scoping review to identify research studies on prenatal stress and outcomes of the pregnancy or offspring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to synthesize the stress measures and outcomes assessed, the findings observed, and directions for future research. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO for English-language abstracts published from Jan 1960-Jan 2017. Search terms were related to stress and psychosocial health; pregnancy; infant or child development; and LMICs. RESULTS: 48 articles were identified. Sixty percent of studies were in upper-middle, 25% in lower-middle, and 15% in low income countries. Most studies used questionnaires, either existing or tailor-made, to assess stress. Eight assessed cortisol. Most studies (n = 31) assessed infant outcomes at birth, particularly gestational age or preterm birth (n = 22, 12 showing significant relationships), and birthweight (n = 21, 14 showing significant relationships). Five studies analyzed outcomes later in infancy such as temperament and motor development, all showing significant results; and nine in childhood such as behavioral development, asthma, and physical growth, with eight showing significant results. CONCLUSIONS: Results highlight the importance of prenatal stress on infant and child outcomes in LMICs. Methods used in high-income countries are successfully employed in LMICs, but tailored tools remain necessary. Careful assessment of covariates is needed to foster analyses of interactive effects and pathways. Studies including longer-term follow-up should be prioritized.

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