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César Muñoz Arconada was invited to visit China by the Russian Comunist Party in the year 1955, to narrate and praise the development of this nation since the Comunism triumphed there. He went, saw, interpreted and narrated, but not to taste neither Pekin’s, nor Moscow’s governments. The book I comentate, Wanderings through the New China, didn’t see the light until Gonzalo Santonja submitted it to the Banco de Santander Foundation in 2017, from the hands of María Cánovas, the author’s widow., César Muñoz Arconada fue en 1995 invitado, y enviado por el partido comunista ruso, a visitar China para que contara y cantara el desarrollo de esta nación desde que en ella triunfó el comunismo. Fue, vio, interpretó y contó, pero no a gusto de los gobiernos de Pekín ni de Moscú. El libro que comento, Andanzas por la nueva China, no vio la luz hasta que Gonzalo Santonja lo entregó a la Fundación Banco de Santander en 2017, desde las manos de María Cánovas, viuda del autor.

César Muñoz Arconada was invited to visit China by the Russian Comunist Party in the year 1955, to narrate and praise the development of this nation since the Comunism triumphed there. He went, saw, interpreted and narrated, but not to taste neither Pekin’s, nor Moscow’s governments. The book I comentate, Wanderings through the New China, didn’t see the light until Gonzalo Santonja submitted it to the Banco de Santander Foundation in 2017, from the hands of María Cánovas, the author’s widow., César Muñoz Arconada fue en 1995 invitado, y enviado por el partido comunista ruso, a visitar China para que contara y cantara el desarrollo de esta nación desde que en ella triunfó el comunismo. Fue, vio, interpretó y contó, pero no a gusto de los gobiernos de Pekín ni de Moscú. El libro que comento, Andanzas por la nueva China, no vio la luz hasta que Gonzalo Santonja lo entregó a la Fundación Banco de Santander en 2017, desde las manos de María Cánovas, viuda del autor.

INTRODUCTION: Currently most thermal sensation models were developed based on the physiological and comfort studies of western people, ethnic and culture differences have not been taken into account. Chinese may present different thermal response from western people.MODEL DEVELOPMENT: UCB thermal sensation model developed by Zhang has the structure which allows for changes of its coefficients to fit the model to various types of populations. The model coefficients were modified based on experimental data of Chinese people for a better prediction.MODEL VALIDATIONS: Better predications were achieved with the modified Chinese model comparing with the western models, the differences in thermal sensation between predictions and laboratory and field study results are less than 0.5 scale unit.CONCLUSIONS: A thermal sensation model was developed to provide better predictions of overall thermal sensation for Chinese people, with discrepancies less than 0.5 scale.

The aim of this paper was to see whether all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates vary between Asian ethnic subgroups, and whether overseas born Asian subgroup mortality rate ratios varied by nativity and duration of residence. We used hierarchical Bayesian methods to allow for sparse data in the analysis of linked census-mortality data for 25-75 year old New Zealanders. We found directly standardised posterior all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates were highest for the Indian ethnic group, significantly so when compared with those of Chinese ethnicity. In contrast, cancer mortality rates were lowest for ethnic Indians. Asian overseas born subgroups have about 70% of the mortality rate of their New Zealand born Asian counterparts, a result that showed little variation by Asian subgroup or cause of death. Within the overseas born population, all-cause mortality rates for migrants living 0-9 years in New Zealand were about 60% of the mortality rate of those living more than 25 years in New Zealand regardless of ethnicity. The corresponding figure for cardiovascular mortality rates was 50%. However, while Chinese cancer mortality rates increased with duration of residence, Indian and Other Asian cancer mortality rates did not. Future research on the mechanisms of worsening of health with increased time spent in the host country is required to improve the understanding of the process, and would assist the policy-makers and health planners.

INTRODUCTION: Currently most thermal sensation models were developed based on the physiological and comfort studies of western people, ethnic and culture differences have not been taken into account. Chinese may present different thermal response from western people.MODEL DEVELOPMENT: UCB thermal sensation model developed by Zhang has the structure which allows for changes of its coefficients to fit the model to various types of populations. The model coefficients were modified based on experimental data of Chinese people for a better prediction.MODEL VALIDATIONS: Better predications were achieved with the modified Chinese model comparing with the western models, the differences in thermal sensation between predictions and laboratory and field study results are less than 0.5 scale unit.CONCLUSIONS: A thermal sensation model was developed to provide better predictions of overall thermal sensation for Chinese people, with discrepancies less than 0.5 scale.

An international tour is a channel of intercultural communication. People from different cultural setting can easily communicate with each other and understand each other, so as to improve friendship and build up a good image of a nation. Therefore, tourists’ behaviors are an important factor in intercultural communication. Due to this reason, the author takes some cases which happened with Chinese people in recent years as an example, and then further analyzes the cases from a perspective of intercultural communication. Finally, the author gives some suggestions about how to improve Chinese behavior in international tour such as educating Chinese tourists’ awareness of civilized manners, learning some fundamental cultural knowledge of different countries and training etiquette skills for Chinese international tour. In this way, well-educated and civilized Chinese tourists would really promote a good image of Chinese people and nation in the world.

An international tour is a channel of intercultural communication. People from different cultural setting can easily communicate with each other and understand each other, so as to improve friendship and build up a good image of a nation. Therefore, tourists’ behaviors are an important factor in intercultural communication. Due to this reason, the author takes some cases which happened with Chinese people in recent years as an example, and then further analyzes the cases from a perspective of intercultural communication. Finally, the author gives some suggestions about how to improve Chinese behavior in international tour such as educating Chinese tourists’ awareness of civilized manners, learning some fundamental cultural knowledge of different countries and training etiquette skills for Chinese international tour. In this way, well-educated and civilized Chinese tourists would really promote a good image of Chinese people and nation in the world.

An international tour is a channel of intercultural communication. People from different cultural setting can easily communicate with each other and understand each other, so as to improve friendship and build up a good image of a nation. Therefore, tourists’ behaviors are an important factor in intercultural communication. Due to this reason, the author takes some cases which happened with Chinese people in recent years as an example, and then further analyzes the cases from a perspective of intercultural communication. Finally, the author gives some suggestions about how to improve Chinese behavior in international tour such as educating Chinese tourists’ awareness of civilized manners, learning some fundamental cultural knowledge of different countries and training etiquette skills for Chinese international tour. In this way, well-educated and civilized Chinese tourists would really promote a good image of Chinese people and nation in the world.

An international tour is a channel of intercultural communication. People from different cultural setting can easily communicate with each other and understand each other, so as to improve friendship and build up a good image of a nation. Therefore, tourists’ behaviors are an important factor in intercultural communication. Due to this reason, the author takes some cases which happened with Chinese people in recent years as an example, and then further analyzes the cases from a perspective of intercultural communication. Finally, the author gives some suggestions about how to improve Chinese behavior in international tour such as educating Chinese tourists’ awareness of civilized manners, learning some fundamental cultural knowledge of different countries and training etiquette skills for Chinese international tour. In this way, well-educated and civilized Chinese tourists would really promote a good image of Chinese people and nation in the world.

An international tour is a channel of intercultural communication. People from different cultural setting can easily communicate with each other and understand each other, so as to improve friendship and build up a good image of a nation. Therefore, tourists’ behaviors are an important factor in intercultural communication. Due to this reason, the author takes some cases which happened with Chinese people in recent years as an example, and then further analyzes the cases from a perspective of intercultural communication. Finally, the author gives some suggestions about how to improve Chinese behavior in international tour such as educating Chinese tourists’ awareness of civilized manners, learning some fundamental cultural knowledge of different countries and training etiquette skills for Chinese international tour. In this way, well-educated and civilized Chinese tourists would really promote a good image of Chinese people and nation in the world.

An international tour is a channel of intercultural communication. People from different cultural setting can easily communicate with each other and understand each other, so as to improve friendship and build up a good image of a nation. Therefore, tourists’ behaviors are an important factor in intercultural communication. Due to this reason, the author takes some cases which happened with Chinese people in recent years as an example, and then further analyzes the cases from a perspective of intercultural communication. Finally, the author gives some suggestions about how to improve Chinese behavior in international tour such as educating Chinese tourists’ awareness of civilized manners, learning some fundamental cultural knowledge of different countries and training etiquette skills for Chinese international tour. In this way, well-educated and civilized Chinese tourists would really promote a good image of Chinese people and nation in the world.

Práce se zabývá fenoménem čínské přítomnosti v Lesothu a jeho dopadem na každodenní život obyvatelstva království. Hlavní osou práce je vlastní terénní výzkum v oblasti měst a rurálních částí země, se zaměřením na vnímání vlivu čínské imigrace a čínských adaptačních strategií místním obyvatelstvem. Práce se věnuje taktéž Čiňanům žijícím v Lesothu a jejich pohledům na novou vlast. V teoretické části je dán prostor vysvětlení čínských zájmů v subkontinentu jižní Afriky a konkrétněji pak pobídkám vlády království Lesotho k přílivu čínských investic., The work deals with the phenomenon of the Chinese presence in Lesotho and its impact on the everyday life of the population of the Kingdom. The main axis of the work is the field research in urban areas and rural parts of the country, focusing on the perception of the impact of Chinese immigration and Chinese adaptation strategies for local communities. The work also deals with Chinese living in Lesotho and their views on the new homeland. The theoretical part gives a space for explanation of China´s interests in the subcontinent of Southern Africa and also to the incentives of the Government of the Kingdom of Lesotho to the influx of Chinese investment., Katedra sociálních věd

In this study, we compared the predictive validity of two personality measures. One was the Chinese Personality at Work Questionnaire (CPW; Hui, Gan, & Cheng, 2000), developed locally for native Chinese speakers. Items were written with reference to the work setting, with the Chinese workforce in mind. A second one was the Sino-American Person Perception Scale (SAPPS; Yik & Bond, 1993), developed out of imported and indigenous measures, to capture the Chinese personality in general. Items came from imported (such as the Big Five) and indigenous (such as K. S. Yang's lexicon) measures.

In this study, we compared the predictive validity of two personality measures. One was the Chinese Personality at Work Questionnaire (CPW; Hui, Gan, & Cheng, 2000), developed locally for native Chinese speakers. Items were written with reference to the work setting, with the Chinese workforce in mind. A second one was the Sino-American Person Perception Scale (SAPPS; Yik & Bond, 1993), developed out of imported and indigenous measures, to capture the Chinese personality in general. Items came from imported (such as the Big Five) and indigenous (such as K. S. Yang's lexicon) measures.

In this study, we compared the predictive validity of two personality measures. One was the Chinese Personality at Work Questionnaire (CPW; Hui, Gan, & Cheng, 2000), developed locally for native Chinese speakers. Items were written with reference to the work setting, with the Chinese workforce in mind. A second one was the Sino-American Person Perception Scale (SAPPS; Yik & Bond, 1993), developed out of imported and indigenous measures, to capture the Chinese personality in general. Items came from imported (such as the Big Five) and indigenous (such as K. S. Yang's lexicon) measures.

Edited trans. of Hang K'ung Chih Shih (China) n1 p24-26 Jan 79.

A system of education designed for a religious, racial, or ethnic minority group distinct from the greater society in which it functions is neither a recent innovation nor is it a phenomenon encountered only in one part of the world. It has existed in basically two forms: (1) that which is provided for by the dominant group, often to enforce separateness, as has been exemplified by racially segregated schools in some countries; and (2) that which is provided for by the minority group itself for the purpose of maintaining political and cultural cohesion and separateness within its own community. It is this second form which the overseas Chinese have established throughout Southeast Asia.

Chinese citizens living in Hong Kong colony were selected on the basis of three categories: sex, age, and whether they were of rural or urban origin. A 12-item Lickert-type scale was administered and concerned itself with leadership methods and practices preferred by the respondents, those leadership practices based on the dimension of authoritarian-democratic procedure. Rural respondents preferred more authoritarian practices than urbans; females preferred more authoritarian practices than males; older respondents preferred more authoritarian practices than younger. (Author)

The document reports on leadership qualities exhibited by Hong Kong Chinese, with some reference to sex, democratic or laissez faire attitudes, and age groups. No results are completed for second generation chinese Americans or American Indians.

Using students enrolled at the Chinese University of Hong Kong as subjects, male and female leaders employed three leadership atmospheres in group discussion--laissez faire, authoritarian and democratic. It was desired to find whether female leaders are less effective in bringing about group cohesiveness of judgments than are male leaders. Authoritarian leadership atmosphere produced the greatest degree of cohesiveness of judgments and laissez faire was the least effective of the leadership atmospheres. In some cases, when female leaders employed laissez-faire leadership and no progress toward arrival at a group decision was being made, assumption of leadership by one of the followers occurred. In each case, leadership was assumed by a male follower. No such assumption of leadership occurred under the male leadership conditions. (Author)

Studies of leadership effectiveness were conducted in three different cultural settings: Hong Kong Chinese, Chinese-Americans who have been born and reared in Hawaii but whose parents grew up in China, and American Indians of the Pacific Northwest. In Hong Kong, the findings were that authoritarian leadership produces a greater degree of cohesiveness of group judgments while both democratic and laissez-faire leadership produce considerably less cohesion. Male leaders produce a greater cohesiveness of judgment than do female leaders. In a boys club setting, authoritarian leadership produced better morale and productivity than democratic leadership. Older followers prefer more authoritarian leadership methods than do younger; female followers prefer more authoritarian leadership methods than do males; rural followers prefer more authoritarian methods than do urbans. Among Chinese Americans, male leaders are more effective than females in bringing about cohesiveness of judgments but both authoritarian and deomcartic methods produced essentially equal results. The studies with American Indian groups could not be finished and therefore no conclusive results are available. (Author)

Purpose - This article aims to examine one aspect of Chinese culture, guanxi. Guanxi, "special relationships" has long been employed to facilitate business in China. The authors ask whether this is likely to continue in the rapidly changing environment. China's long history of insularity has created a culture and business environment considered to be uniquely based on Confucian values. Yet in the last couple of decades China has opened its doors to globalisation. These forces, in conjunction with what many see as Confucian dynamism of Chinese entrepreneurship, have generated economic growth levels in excess of 11 per cent per annum. This blending of the old and the new raises questions about how practices may be changing. Design/methodology/approach - The authors employed a survey of two groups; middle managers in Hong Kong and young middle class in mainland China. These groups represent the modern, Hong Kong as westernised; the old, but with new perspectives, the affluent middle classes of present day China. Open-ended questions about perceptions of understanding and use of guanxi were asked. Findings - The research finds many contrasts between the respondent groups. The Hong Kong respondents did not really understand guanxi, but still thought it important in China. The mainland group both understood and used guanxi, but similarly to the Hong Kong group, did not like it or enjoy its use. Both groups saw a diminishing application of guanxi as China's regulatory and market environment improves. Originality/value - The paper establishes that guanxi persists and may remain essential in China. However guanxi will work in conjunction with markets and regulations, rather than as a replacement.

Purpose - This article aims to examine one aspect of Chinese culture, guanxi. Guanxi, "special relationships" has long been employed to facilitate business in China. The authors ask whether this is likely to continue in the rapidly changing environment. China's long history of insularity has created a culture and business environment considered to be uniquely based on Confucian values. Yet in the last couple of decades China has opened its doors to globalisation. These forces, in conjunction with what many see as Confucian dynamism of Chinese entrepreneurship, have generated economic growth levels in excess of 11 per cent per annum. This blending of the old and the new raises questions about how practices may be changing. Design/methodology/approach - The authors employed a survey of two groups; middle managers in Hong Kong and young middle class in mainland China. These groups represent the modern, Hong Kong as westernised; the old, but with new perspectives, the affluent middle classes of present day China. Open-ended questions about perceptions of understanding and use of guanxi were asked. Findings - The research finds many contrasts between the respondent groups. The Hong Kong respondents did not really understand guanxi, but still thought it important in China. The mainland group both understood and used guanxi, but similarly to the Hong Kong group, did not like it or enjoy its use. Both groups saw a diminishing application of guanxi as China's regulatory and market environment improves. Originality/value - The paper establishes that guanxi persists and may remain essential in China. However guanxi will work in conjunction with markets and regulations, rather than as a replacement.