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With the physics of coherently upconvert ultrafast driving laser photon, the high harmonic generation process enables a tabletop laser source that is able to cover EUV to X-ray with a fully coherent attosecond burst. Its spectroscopic feature and extreme spatial and temporal resolution made it emerge as a novel tool for scientific research over the last three decades. The main limitation of this source to be is the brightness which is highly related to the phase-matching condition and the efficiency of optics after generation.The first observation of high harmonic generation is with a UV excimer laser with 248 nm over 30 years ago. This thesis presents works performed with the modern engineering design of high harmonic beamlines and a better understanding of phase-matching and physical models that were developed nearly thirty years. Chapter 3 is the selected experimental result of post-laser manipulation of laser parameters to a shorter pulse duration for more efficient high harmonic emission. Chapter 4 is a summary of our modern design of the beamline with hollow waveguide manufacturing and novel EUV to X-ray spectrometer design in both transmission and reflection mode with calculation and optimization where record-high efficiency spectrometer is designed and tested that can capture the most sensitive signal with physical significance that possibly ignored in the past. Chapter 5 presents an investigation of the feasibility of high harmonic spectrum tunability by shifting the spectrum of the driving laser in both directions to enable the spectroscopic study of metal resonance absorption edge. Finally, Chapters 6 and 7 present experimental results of the 400nm UV laser driving high harmonic with the robust parameter space for bright emission in the UV and X-ray regime for future application. The stable and robust harmonic emission is used as a platform for the spectroscopic study of the possible correlation effect between electrons and ions. For the first time, a dou

© 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. The authors want to thank V. A. Malyshev for the critical reading of the manuscript. Work in Madrid was supported by DGI-MCyT (Project MAT2000-0734) and CAM (Project 07N/0075/2001). P. Orellana would like to thank Milenio ICM P99-135-F and Cátedra Presidencial de Ciencias for financial support., We present a novel model to calculate vertical transport properties such as conductance and current in unintentionally disordered double-barrier GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures. The source of disorder comes from interface roughness at the heterojunctions (lateral disorder) as well as spatial inhomogeneities of the Al mole fraction in the barriers (compositional disorder). Both lateral and compositional disorder break translational symmetry along the lateral direction and therefore electrons can be scattered off the growth direction. The model correctly describes channel mixing due to these elastic scattering events. In particular, for realistic degree of disorder, we have found that the effects of compositional disorder on transport properties are negligible as compared to the effects due to lateral disorder., DGI-MCyT, CAM, Milenio ICM, Cátedra Presidencial de Ciencias, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2007 Optical Society of America. M. J. Bastiaans appreciates the hospitality at Universidad Complutense de Madrid. T. Alieva acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (project TEC 2005-02180/MIC). M. J. Bastiaans’ e-mail address is m.j.bastiaans@tue.nl. T. Alieva’s e-mail address is talieva@fis.ucm.es., Based on the eigenvalues of the ray transformation matrix, a classification of ABCD systems is proposed and some nuclei (i.e., elementary members) in each class are described. In the one-dimensional case, possible nuclei are the magnifier, the lens, and the fractional Fourier transformer. In the two-dimensional case we have-in addition to the obvious concatenations of one-dimensional nuclei-the four combinations of a magnifier or a lens with a rotator or a shearing operator, where the rotator and the shearer are obviously inherently two-dimensional. Any ABCD system belongs to one of the classes described in this paper and is similar (in the sense of matrix similarity of the ray transformation matrices) to the corresponding nucleus. Knowledge of a nucleus may be helpful in finding eigenfunctions of the corresponding class of first-order optical systems: one only has to find eigenfunctions of the nucleus and to determine how these functions propagate through a firstorder optical system., Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, Depto. de Óptica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2002 American Institute of Physics. Work in Madrid was supported by DGI-MCyT (Project No. MAT2000-0734) and CAM (Project No. 07N/0075/ 2001). P. Orellana would like to thank Milenio ICM P99-135-F and Cátedra Presidencial de Ciencias for financial support. The authors would like to thank Andrei Malishev for comments on the manuscript., We present a model based on the two-dimensional transfer matrix formalism to calculate single-electron states in a random wide-gap semiconductor quantum dot superlattice. With a simple disorder model both the random arrangement of quantum dots (configurational disorder) and the spatial inhomogeneities of their shape (morphological disorder) are considered. The model correctly describes channel mixing and broadening of allowed energy bands due to elastic electron scattering by disorder., DGI-MCyT, CAM, Milenio ICM, Cátedra Presidencial de Ciencias, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

©2010 The American Physical Society. A. L. acknowledges Prof. Ph. Refregier and Dr. A. Rivas for their enlightening discussions. This work has been supported by Project No. FIS2008-01267 of the Spanish Direccion General de Investigacion del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, and by Project QUITEMAD S2009-ESP-1594 of the Consejeria de Educacion de la Comunidad de Madrid., We derive simple practical tests revealing the quantum nature of states by the violation of classical upper bounds on the statistics of multiple outcomes of an observable. These criteria can be expressed in terms of the Kullback-Leibler divergence (or relative entropy). Nonclassicality tests for multiple outcomes can be satisfied by states that do not fulfill the corresponding single-outcome criteria., Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCINN), España, Depto. de Óptica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

DNA naturally exists in a solvent environment, comprising water and salt molecules such as sodium, potas-sium, magnesium, etc. Along with the sequence, the solvent conditions become a vital factor determining DNA structure and thus its conductance. Over the last two decades, researchers have measured DNA conductivity both in hydrated and almost dry (dehydrated) conditions. However, due to experimental limitations (the precise control of the environment), it is very difficult to analyze the conductance results in terms of individual contributions of the environment. Therefore, modeling studies can help us to gain a valuable understanding of various factors playing a role in charge transport phenomena. DNA naturally has negative charges located at the phosphate groups in the backbone, which provides both the connections between the base pairs and the structural support for the double helix. Positively charged ions such as the sodium ion (Na+), one of the most commonly used counterions, balance the negative charges at the backbone. This modeling study investigates the role of counterions both with and without the solvent (water) environment in charge transport through double-stranded DNA. Our computational experiments show that in dry DNA, the presence of counterions affects electron transmission at the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies. However, in solution, the counterions have a negligible role in transmission. Using the polarizable continuum model calculations, we demonstrate that the transmission is significantly higher at both the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies in a water environment as opposed to in a dry one. Moreover, calculations also show that the energy levels of neighboring bases are more closely aligned to ease electron flow in the solution., National Science Foundation [1807391, 1807555, 2036865], We acknowledge National Science Foundation Grants No. 1807391 and No. 1807555 (SemiSynBio Program) and Grant No. 2036865 (Future of Manufacturing) for support.

In this paper, we investigate market- and time-consistent valuation of life-insurance liabilities, which are long-dated by nature. To obtain a market- and time-consistent value, the "two-step market evaluation" introduced by Pelsser and Stadje (Math Finance 24:25-65, 2014) is used to evaluate a hybrid payoff with underlying hedgeable financial and (partially) unhedgeable actuarial risks. The resulting time-consistent and market-consistent (TCMC) price captures the dynamics of the risk drivers over the lifetime of the contract. We show that the EIOPA standard-formula for the risk-margin is not time-consistent, and we construct a time-consistent version of the risk-margin that captures the extra uncertainties from the process dynamics. EIOPA's standard-formula for the Risk-Margin is compared to the TCMC price for a simple unit-linked contract and we show that the effects of time-inconsistency are increasing with maturity and are significant for long-dated contracts.

The free-electron laser (FEL) is an ideal source of high-power coherent THz radiation for many applications. The FEL provides continuously tunable THz radiation, typically in ultrashort transform limited pulses with very high peak power. One limitation though is that the carrier envelope phase (CEP) of the FEL pulses is not fixed, making measurements of coherent THz-driven processes extremely difficult, if not impossible. We present here, a novel technique that enables shot-to-shot measurement of the CEP of every FEL pulse up to very high repetition rates. This powerful technique enables phase-resolved measurements of the FEL pulses, which opens the door for the study of coherent THz-driven phenomena as well as the advanced FEL diagnostics needed in the pursuit of CEP stable operation of an FEL.

DNA naturally exists in a solvent environment, comprising water and salt molecules such as sodium, potas-sium, magnesium, etc. Along with the sequence, the solvent conditions become a vital factor determining DNA structure and thus its conductance. Over the last two decades, researchers have measured DNA conductivity both in hydrated and almost dry (dehydrated) conditions. However, due to experimental limitations (the precise control of the environment), it is very difficult to analyze the conductance results in terms of individual contributions of the environment. Therefore, modeling studies can help us to gain a valuable understanding of various factors playing a role in charge transport phenomena. DNA naturally has negative charges located at the phosphate groups in the backbone, which provides both the connections between the base pairs and the structural support for the double helix. Positively charged ions such as the sodium ion (Na+), one of the most commonly used counterions, balance the negative charges at the backbone. This modeling study investigates the role of counterions both with and without the solvent (water) environment in charge transport through double-stranded DNA. Our computational experiments show that in dry DNA, the presence of counterions affects electron transmission at the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies. However, in solution, the counterions have a negligible role in transmission. Using the polarizable continuum model calculations, we demonstrate that the transmission is significantly higher at both the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies in a water environment as opposed to in a dry one. Moreover, calculations also show that the energy levels of neighboring bases are more closely aligned to ease electron flow in the solution., National Science Foundation [1807391, 1807555, 2036865], We acknowledge National Science Foundation Grants No. 1807391 and No. 1807555 (SemiSynBio Program) and Grant No. 2036865 (Future of Manufacturing) for support.

In the last decade, many advances have been made in high frame rate 3-D ultrasound imaging, including more flexible acquisition systems, transmit (TX) sequences, and transducer arrays. Compounding multiangle transmits of diverging waves has shown to be fast and effective for 2-D matrix arrays, where heterogeneity between transmits is key in optimizing the image quality. However, the anisotropy in contrast and resolution remains a drawback that cannot be overcome with a single transducer. In this study, a bistatic imaging aperture is demonstrated that consists of two synchronized matrix ( 32×32 ) arrays, allowing for fast interleaved transmits with a simultaneous receive (RX). First, for a single array, the aperture efficiency for high volume rate imaging was evaluated between sparse random arrays and fully multiplexed arrays. Second, the performance of the bistatic acquisition scheme was analyzed for various positions on a wire phantom and was showcased in a dynamic setup mimicking the human abdomen and aorta. Sparse array volume images were equal in resolution and lower in contrast compared to fully multiplexed arrays but can efficiently minimize decorrelation during motion for multiaperture imaging. The dual-array imaging aperture improved the spatial resolution in the direction of the second transducer, reducing the average volumetric speckle size with 72% and the axial-lateral eccentricity with 8%. In the aorta phantom, the angular coverage increased by a factor of 3 in the axial-lateral plane, raising the wall-lumen contrast with 16% compared to single-array images, despite accumulation of thermal noise in the lumen.

Speckles are a phenomenon which often appears in situations involving lasers. Their properties can be used as an advantage but in the case of LiDAR applications, they’re purelydestructive. The peaks and troughs of the intensity distribution across the collimatinglens can be seen as variations in signal strength at the detector. The project presented inthis paper examines the properties of these intensity patterns and how their various sizeseffects the sampled signal. This is done by experimental measurements with the use ofa coherent LiDAR accompanied by a simulation to recreate and explain the behavioursof the results obtained in the measurements. The study shows a simulation which exclusively takes speckle dependence into account successfully produce similar results asphysical experiments. The varying of subjective speckle sizes on the detector was foundto have little effect on the sampled signal quality, though the improved averaging of thesmaller speckles caused the signal strength to shift in tranquil manner.

Speckles are a phenomenon which often appears in situations involving lasers. Their properties can be used as an advantage but in the case of LiDAR applications, they’re purelydestructive. The peaks and troughs of the intensity distribution across the collimatinglens can be seen as variations in signal strength at the detector. The project presented inthis paper examines the properties of these intensity patterns and how their various sizeseffects the sampled signal. This is done by experimental measurements with the use ofa coherent LiDAR accompanied by a simulation to recreate and explain the behavioursof the results obtained in the measurements. The study shows a simulation which exclusively takes speckle dependence into account successfully produce similar results asphysical experiments. The varying of subjective speckle sizes on the detector was foundto have little effect on the sampled signal quality, though the improved averaging of thesmaller speckles caused the signal strength to shift in tranquil manner.

We show how to compute classical wave observables using quantum scattering amplitudes. We discuss observables both with incoming and with outgoing waves. The required classical limits are naturally described by coherent states of massless bosons. We recompute the classic gravitational deflection of light, and also show how to rederive Thomson scattering. We introduce a new class of local observables, which includes the asymptotic electromagnetic and gravitational Newman-Penrose scalars. As an example, we compute a simple radiated waveform: the expectation of the electromagnetic field in charged-particle scattering. At leading order, the waveform is trivially related to the five-point scattering amplitude.

We show how to compute classical wave observables using quantum scattering amplitudes. We discuss observables both with incoming and with outgoing waves. The required classical limits are naturally described by coherent states of massless bosons. We recompute the classic gravitational deflection of light, and also show how to rederive Thomson scattering. We introduce a new class of local observables, which includes the asymptotic electromagnetic and gravitational Newman-Penrose scalars. As an example, we compute a simple radiated waveform: the expectation of the electromagnetic field in charged-particle scattering. At leading order, the waveform is trivially related to the five-point scattering amplitude.

Nowadays, radiative coolers are extensively investigated for the thermal management of solar cells with the aim of improving their performance and lifetime. Current solutions rely on meta-materials with scarce elements or complex fabrication processes, or organic polymers possibly affected by UV degradation. Here, the potential of innovative cement-based solutions as a more sustainable and cost-effective alternative is reported. By combining chemical kinetics, molecular mechanics and electromagnetic simulations, it is shown that the most common cements, i.e., Portland cements, can be equipped with excellent radiative cooling properties, which might enable a reduction of the operating temperature of solar cells by up to 20 K, with outstanding efficiency and lifetime gains. This study represents a first step toward the realization of a novel class of energy-efficient, economically viable and robust radiative coolers, based on cheap and available cementitious materials.

Recently the interest for coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering experiments has increased since it is believed that through these experiments, a wide range of new physics, e.g., sterile neutrinos, could be discovered. This experiment is ideally performed at spallation sources and in this project we look into an experiment, which is planned at the European Spallation Source. However, the measurement is sensitive to background and therefore we specifically seek to describe the neutron background in the area of the room, which the experiment is planned to take place in. This is done through a tool called PHITS (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System), which is used to simulate the neutrons generated from the tungsten target. In this work, we expand an already existing PHITS geometry to include the location of the experimental room and also study the properties of neutrons that leak from the target. The energy spectra and the momenta of the leaking neutrons were extracted together with the relative amount of neutrons that would directly irradiate the room from the target. Furthermore, it was found that additional work to improve the used variance reduction technique is needed in order to sufficiently populate the experimental area in the simulation., European Spallation Source (ESS) är en forskningsanläggning under byggnad i Lund, där man ska använda sig av en accelerator för att accelerera och skjuta protoner på Volfram. Protonerna kommer ha en sådan enorm energi och hastighet att neutroner slås ut våldsamt. På så sätt skapar man en källa av neutroner som ska bli världens mest kraftfulla neutronkälla. De utgående neutronerna bromsas ner av moderatorer till energier som är användbara för experiment. Bland de experiment som planerats, är Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS) experiment. Olika sorters experiment har olika känslighet, och CEvNS mätningar är på den mer känsliga sidan. På grund av de många neutronerna som sänds ut, kan noggrannheten i mätningen påverkas. Därför måste man vidta vissa åtgärder för att se till att detta inte sker. Genom simuleringar kan man skapa sig en uppfattning av hur mycket experimentet kommer påverkas av neutronerna. I detta arbete utför vi dessa simuleringar genom Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) som bygger på Monte Carlo-metoden. Detta är en metod för att lösa problem där svaret inte är deterministiskt, utan beroende av olika slumpmässiga variabler. Ett exempel av ett sådant problem är om man skulle bestämma vilka riktningar två partiklar ha, efter en kollision med varandra. Om man skulle simulera denna kollision, skulle man få ett nytt resultat vid varje simulering. Det Monte Carlo-metoden bygger på är att utföra denna simulering ett flertal gånger och skapa en sannolikhetsfördelning som beskriver resultatet. När man introducerar mer komplicerade modeller, ökar mängden beräkningar som krävs drastisk. För att tiden som krävs att utföra beräkningarna inte ska nå flera månader eller år, krävs det att man introducerar olika strategier som gör dessa beräkningar mer effektiva. Detta arbete undersöker även dessa strategier samt hur viktiga de är för just denna modell som beskriver neutronflödet vid ESS. Energin och rörelsemängden för de neutroner som

Recently the interest for coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering experiments has increased since it is believed that through these experiments, a wide range of new physics, e.g., sterile neutrinos, could be discovered. This experiment is ideally performed at spallation sources and in this project we look into an experiment, which is planned at the European Spallation Source. However, the measurement is sensitive to background and therefore we specifically seek to describe the neutron background in the area of the room, which the experiment is planned to take place in. This is done through a tool called PHITS (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System), which is used to simulate the neutrons generated from the tungsten target. In this work, we expand an already existing PHITS geometry to include the location of the experimental room and also study the properties of neutrons that leak from the target. The energy spectra and the momenta of the leaking neutrons were extracted together with the relative amount of neutrons that would directly irradiate the room from the target. Furthermore, it was found that additional work to improve the used variance reduction technique is needed in order to sufficiently populate the experimental area in the simulation., European Spallation Source (ESS) är en forskningsanläggning under byggnad i Lund, där man ska använda sig av en accelerator för att accelerera och skjuta protoner på Volfram. Protonerna kommer ha en sådan enorm energi och hastighet att neutroner slås ut våldsamt. På så sätt skapar man en källa av neutroner som ska bli världens mest kraftfulla neutronkälla. De utgående neutronerna bromsas ner av moderatorer till energier som är användbara för experiment. Bland de experiment som planerats, är Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS) experiment. Olika sorters experiment har olika känslighet, och CEvNS mätningar är på den mer känsliga sidan. På grund av de många neutronerna som sänds ut, kan noggrannheten i mätningen påverkas. Därför måste man vidta vissa åtgärder för att se till att detta inte sker. Genom simuleringar kan man skapa sig en uppfattning av hur mycket experimentet kommer påverkas av neutronerna. I detta arbete utför vi dessa simuleringar genom Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) som bygger på Monte Carlo-metoden. Detta är en metod för att lösa problem där svaret inte är deterministiskt, utan beroende av olika slumpmässiga variabler. Ett exempel av ett sådant problem är om man skulle bestämma vilka riktningar två partiklar ha, efter en kollision med varandra. Om man skulle simulera denna kollision, skulle man få ett nytt resultat vid varje simulering. Det Monte Carlo-metoden bygger på är att utföra denna simulering ett flertal gånger och skapa en sannolikhetsfördelning som beskriver resultatet. När man introducerar mer komplicerade modeller, ökar mängden beräkningar som krävs drastisk. För att tiden som krävs att utföra beräkningarna inte ska nå flera månader eller år, krävs det att man introducerar olika strategier som gör dessa beräkningar mer effektiva. Detta arbete undersöker även dessa strategier samt hur viktiga de är för just denna modell som beskriver neutronflödet vid ESS. Energin och rörelsemängden för de neutroner som

En el contexto del proyecto Kepler, desarrollo de algunos de los sistemas que permitirán los enlaces de datos y medidas de distancia usando láseres modulados entre satélites.

© 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd. L. A. and A. L. acknowledge financial support from Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad Project No. FIS2016-75199-P. L. A. acknowledges financial support from European Social Fund and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades, Contract Grant No. BES-2017-081942., We examine a case study where classical evolution emerges when observing a quantum evolution. By using a single-mode quantum Kerr evolution interrupted by measurement of the double-homodyne kind (projecting the evolved field state into classical-like coherent states or quantum squeezed states), we show that irrespective of whether the measurement is classical or quantum there is no quantum Zeno effect and the evolution turns out to be classical., Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO), Ministerio de Ciencia Innovacion y Universidades (MICINN), European Social Fund (ESF), Depto. de Óptica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

©2020 American Physical Society. L.A. and A.L. acknowledge financial support from Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad Project No.FIS2016-75199-P. L.A. acknowledges financial support from European Social Fund and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades, Contract Grant No. BES-2017-081942., Any nonclassical effect noticed in measured statistics is usually attributed just to the light state being observed. According to Born's rule, quantum probabilities are given by the overlap between the system state and measurement states in a quite symmetrical way. We demonstrate that the nonclassicality of the measurement is a necessary condition to obtain nonclassical statistics. To this end, we present a detector characterization for two-observable joint detection processes based on detector tomography. This is particularized to the most common signatures of nonclassical light., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades (MICINN), European Social Fund (ESF), Depto. de Óptica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

©2020 American Physical Society. This work is partially supported by Grant No. 254127 from CONACyT (Mexico). L.L.S.S. acknowledges the support of the Spanish MINECO (Grants No. FIS2015-67963-P and No. PGC2018-099183-B-I00)., We present analytic expressions for the s-parametrized currents on the sphere for both unitary and dissipative evolutions. We examine the spatial distribution of the flow generated by these currents for quadratic Hamiltonians. The results are applied for the study of the quantum dissipative dynamics of the time-honored Kerr and Lipkin models, exploring the appearance of the semiclassical limit in stable, unstable, and tunneling regimes., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), CONACyT (Mexico), Depto. de Óptica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2020 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement. Agencia Estatal de Investigación and European Regional Development Fund (FIS2016- 75147-C3-1-P, FIS2016-76110-P, PID2019-104268GB-C21, PID2019-104268GB-C22)., In the analysis of the on-axis intensity for a highly focused optical field, it is highly desirable to deal with effective relations aimed at characterizing the field behavior in a rather simple fashion. Here, a novel and adequate measure for the size of the region where the axial power content mainly concentrates is proposed on the basis of an uncertainty principle. Accordingly, a meaningful relationship is provided for both the spread of the incident beam at the entrance of the highly focused optical system and the size of the region where the on-axis power mainly concentrates., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)/FEDER, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd. L. A. and A. L. acknowledge financial support from Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad Project No. FIS2016-75199-P. L. A. acknowledges financial support from European Social Fund and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades, Contract Grant No. BES-2017-081942., We examine a case study where classical evolution emerges when observing a quantum evolution. By using a single-mode quantum Kerr evolution interrupted by measurement of the double-homodyne kind (projecting the evolved field state into classical-like coherent states or quantum squeezed states), we show that irrespective of whether the measurement is classical or quantum there is no quantum Zeno effect and the evolution turns out to be classical., Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO), Ministerio de Ciencia Innovacion y Universidades (MICINN), European Social Fund (ESF), Depto. de Óptica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

©2020 American Physical Society. L.A. and A.L. acknowledge financial support from Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad Project No.FIS2016-75199-P. L.A. acknowledges financial support from European Social Fund and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades, Contract Grant No. BES-2017-081942., Any nonclassical effect noticed in measured statistics is usually attributed just to the light state being observed. According to Born's rule, quantum probabilities are given by the overlap between the system state and measurement states in a quite symmetrical way. We demonstrate that the nonclassicality of the measurement is a necessary condition to obtain nonclassical statistics. To this end, we present a detector characterization for two-observable joint detection processes based on detector tomography. This is particularized to the most common signatures of nonclassical light., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades (MICINN), European Social Fund (ESF), Depto. de Óptica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

©2020 American Physical Society. This work is partially supported by Grant No. 254127 from CONACyT (Mexico). L.L.S.S. acknowledges the support of the Spanish MINECO (Grants No. FIS2015-67963-P and No. PGC2018-099183-B-I00)., We present analytic expressions for the s-parametrized currents on the sphere for both unitary and dissipative evolutions. We examine the spatial distribution of the flow generated by these currents for quadratic Hamiltonians. The results are applied for the study of the quantum dissipative dynamics of the time-honored Kerr and Lipkin models, exploring the appearance of the semiclassical limit in stable, unstable, and tunneling regimes., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), CONACyT (Mexico), Depto. de Óptica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2020 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement. Agencia Estatal de Investigación and European Regional Development Fund (FIS2016- 75147-C3-1-P, FIS2016-76110-P, PID2019-104268GB-C21, PID2019-104268GB-C22)., In the analysis of the on-axis intensity for a highly focused optical field, it is highly desirable to deal with effective relations aimed at characterizing the field behavior in a rather simple fashion. Here, a novel and adequate measure for the size of the region where the axial power content mainly concentrates is proposed on the basis of an uncertainty principle. Accordingly, a meaningful relationship is provided for both the spread of the incident beam at the entrance of the highly focused optical system and the size of the region where the on-axis power mainly concentrates., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)/FEDER, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

Producción Científica, Composite spectrum (CS) is a data-fusion technique that reduces the number of spectra to be analyzed, simplifying the analysis process for machine monitoring and fault detection. In this work, vibration signals from five components of a combine harvester (thresher, chopper, straw walkers, sieve box, and engine) are obtained by placing four accelerometers along the combine-harvester chassis in non-optimal locations. Four individual spectra (one from each accelerometer) and three CS (non-coherent, coherent and poly-coherent spectra) from 18 cases are analyzed. The different cases result from the combination of three working conditions of the components—deactivated (off), balanced (healthy), and unbalanced (faulty)—and two speeds—idle and maximum revolutions per minute (RPM). The results showed that (i) the peaks can be identified in the four individual spectra that correspond to the rotational speeds of the five components in the analysis; (ii) the three formulations of the CS retain the relevant information from the individual spectra, thereby reducing the number of spectra required for monitoring and detecting rotating unbalances within a combine harvester; and, (iii) data noise reduction is observed in coherent and poly-coherent CS with respect to the non-coherent CS and the individual spectra. This study demonstrates that the rotating unbalances of various components within agricultural machines, can be detected with a reduced number of accelerometers located in non-optimal positions, and that it is feasible to simplify the monitoring with CS. Overall, the coherent CS may be the best composite spectra formulation in order to monitor and detect rotating unbalances in agricultural machines.

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technique and Carrierless Amplitude Phase (CAP) modulation have been used to demonstrate pay-as-you-grow coherent Passive Optical Networks (PON) and providing a 10 Gbps aggregate data rate.

Producción Científica, Composite spectrum (CS) is a data-fusion technique that reduces the number of spectra to be analyzed, simplifying the analysis process for machine monitoring and fault detection. In this work, vibration signals from five components of a combine harvester (thresher, chopper, straw walkers, sieve box, and engine) are obtained by placing four accelerometers along the combine-harvester chassis in non-optimal locations. Four individual spectra (one from each accelerometer) and three CS (non-coherent, coherent and poly-coherent spectra) from 18 cases are analyzed. The different cases result from the combination of three working conditions of the components—deactivated (off), balanced (healthy), and unbalanced (faulty)—and two speeds—idle and maximum revolutions per minute (RPM). The results showed that (i) the peaks can be identified in the four individual spectra that correspond to the rotational speeds of the five components in the analysis; (ii) the three formulations of the CS retain the relevant information from the individual spectra, thereby reducing the number of spectra required for monitoring and detecting rotating unbalances within a combine harvester; and, (iii) data noise reduction is observed in coherent and poly-coherent CS with respect to the non-coherent CS and the individual spectra. This study demonstrates that the rotating unbalances of various components within agricultural machines, can be detected with a reduced number of accelerometers located in non-optimal positions, and that it is feasible to simplify the monitoring with CS. Overall, the coherent CS may be the best composite spectra formulation in order to monitor and detect rotating unbalances in agricultural machines.

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technique and Carrierless Amplitude Phase (CAP) modulation have been used to demonstrate pay-as-you-grow coherent Passive Optical Networks (PON) and providing a 10 Gbps aggregate data rate.

Observations of thermally driven transverse vibration of a photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) are reported. The PCW consists of two parallel nanobeams whose width is modulated symmetrically with a spatial period of 370 nm about a 240-nm vacuum gap between the beams. The resulting dielectric structure has a band gap (i.e., a photonic crystal stop band) with band edges in the near infrared that provide a regime for transduction of nanobeam motion to phase and amplitude modulation of an optical guided mode. This regime is in contrast to more conventional optomechanical coupling by way of moving end mirrors in resonant optical cavities. Models are developed and validated for this optomechanical mechanism in a PCW for probe frequencies far from and near to the dielectric band edge (i.e., stop band edge). The large optomechanical coupling strength predicted should make possible measurements with an imprecision below that at the standard quantum limit and well into the backaction-dominated regime. Since our PCW has been designed for near-field atom trapping, this research provides a foundation for evaluating possible deleterious effects of thermal motion on optical atomic traps near the surfaces of PCWs. Longer-term goals are to achieve strong atom-mediated links between individual phonons of vibration and single photons propagating in the guided modes (GMs) of the PCW, thereby enabling optomechanics at the quantum level with atoms, photons, and phonons. The experiments and models reported here provide a basis for assessing such goals.

Observations of thermally driven transverse vibration of a photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) are reported. The PCW consists of two parallel nanobeams whose width is modulated symmetrically with a spatial period of 370 nm about a 240-nm vacuum gap between the beams. The resulting dielectric structure has a band gap (i.e., a photonic crystal stop band) with band edges in the near infrared that provide a regime for transduction of nanobeam motion to phase and amplitude modulation of an optical guided mode. This regime is in contrast to more conventional optomechanical coupling by way of moving end mirrors in resonant optical cavities. Models are developed and validated for this optomechanical mechanism in a PCW for probe frequencies far from and near to the dielectric band edge (i.e., stop band edge). The large optomechanical coupling strength predicted should make possible measurements with an imprecision below that at the standard quantum limit and well into the backaction-dominated regime. Since our PCW has been designed for near-field atom trapping, this research provides a foundation for evaluating possible deleterious effects of thermal motion on optical atomic traps near the surfaces of PCWs. Longer-term goals are to achieve strong atom-mediated links between individual phonons of vibration and single photons propagating in the guided modes (GMs) of the PCW, thereby enabling optomechanics at the quantum level with atoms, photons, and phonons. The experiments and models reported here provide a basis for assessing such goals.

Structural studies of large biological assemblies pose a unique problem due to their size, complexity and heterogeneity. Conventional methods like x-ray crystallography, NMR, etc. are limited in their ability to address these issues. To overcome some of these limitations, single particle methods were used. In these methods, each particle image is manipulated individually to find the best possible set of images to reconstruct the 3D structure. The structural studies in this thesis, exploit the advantages of single particle methods. The large data set generated by the SPI study of PR772 provides better statistics about the sample quality due to the use of GDVN, a container-free sample delivery method. By analyzing the diffusion map, we see that the use of GDVNs as a sample delivery method produces wide range of particle sizes owing to the large droplet that are created. The high-resolution structure of bacteriophage PR772 confirmed the speculation about the heteropentameric nature of the penton and revealed the new architecture of the vertex complex consisting of a hetero-pentameric penton formed with three copies of P5 and two copies of P31. The beta propeller region of P2, formed by domains I and II is bound to the N-terminal domain of P5. The structure also reveals new conformations of N-terminal and C-terminal region of P3 which play an important role in particle assembly and structural stability. The study of Melbournevirus revealed the protein composition in a packed particle. The CryoEM structure of Melbournevirus reveals a T=309 capsid with an inner lipid membrane. A dense body was found in the viral particle, a feature not observed in other viruses of the Marseilleviridae family. The density of this body is similar to a nucleic acid-protein complex. This observation, along with the histone-like protein identified during study, suggest genome organization in the viral particle, similar to higher organisms. The soft X-ray microscope operated in the water-win

Structural studies of large biological assemblies pose a unique problem due to their size, complexity and heterogeneity. Conventional methods like x-ray crystallography, NMR, etc. are limited in their ability to address these issues. To overcome some of these limitations, single particle methods were used. In these methods, each particle image is manipulated individually to find the best possible set of images to reconstruct the 3D structure. The structural studies in this thesis, exploit the advantages of single particle methods. The large data set generated by the SPI study of PR772 provides better statistics about the sample quality due to the use of GDVN, a container-free sample delivery method. By analyzing the diffusion map, we see that the use of GDVNs as a sample delivery method produces wide range of particle sizes owing to the large droplet that are created. The high-resolution structure of bacteriophage PR772 confirmed the speculation about the heteropentameric nature of the penton and revealed the new architecture of the vertex complex consisting of a hetero-pentameric penton formed with three copies of P5 and two copies of P31. The beta propeller region of P2, formed by domains I and II is bound to the N-terminal domain of P5. The structure also reveals new conformations of N-terminal and C-terminal region of P3 which play an important role in particle assembly and structural stability. The study of Melbournevirus revealed the protein composition in a packed particle. The CryoEM structure of Melbournevirus reveals a T=309 capsid with an inner lipid membrane. A dense body was found in the viral particle, a feature not observed in other viruses of the Marseilleviridae family. The density of this body is similar to a nucleic acid-protein complex. This observation, along with the histone-like protein identified during study, suggest genome organization in the viral particle, similar to higher organisms. The soft X-ray microscope operated in the water-win

Nanoscale disorder plays an essential role in guiding material properties which promise to solve many global challenge. Two such challenges are renewable energy generation and storage. Among lithium-ion batteries, lithium rich layered oxides (LRLO) are one of the most promising class of cathode materials, delivering more than 50% capacity over leading commercial battery cathodes. In solar cells, a class of absorbers called hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites promise printable solar cells as efficient as the best silicon-wafer cells and at a fraction of the cost. A variety of challenges at the nanoscale, however, prevent the rapid commercialization of either. With imaging techniques limited in terms of sample environments, averaging over large ensembles of particles, or lacking adequate spatiotemporal resolution for studying the relevant physical processes, characterization has also remained a challenge. The majority of this thesis is on the use of operando Bragg coherent diffractive imaging (BCDI) for energy storage and conversion materials. Some figures and analysis also make use of traditional X-ray diffraction, ”ensemble” X-ray diffraction, density functional theory (DFT), and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS). I show that in LRLO cathodes there is a striking three-fold rotational symmetry of the displacement field, with this effect drastically reduced or eliminated in two compositions of classically layered oxides (CLO), respectively, as well as varying during the charge/discharge process. This finding illuminates the effects of surface strain on the bulk cathode physical structure, and thus its effect on the overall battery performance. I show that different annealing conditions of one CLO chemistry (called NCA) have counter-intuitive effects on the overall strain energy landscape and dislocation density. I also discuss measurements of different solar cell absorbers and the challenges they pose for BCDI. Lastly, I provide an experience-based guide f

Stockholm’s subway system is considered one of the longest art galleries in the world.Each station has its own identity, but at the same time, all metro stations have the sameuniform functional light approach.This light could not prevent the passengers from gathering and walking randomlyat the subway station’s platform. Moreover, the uniform light is neglecting the artwork onthe station’s platform; hence, this could lead to losing the identity feature of the station. Ingeneral, the demand for using public transportation in sustainable urban cities is increasing.This thesis studies how to use light as an information giver for the passengers on the subwaystation platform:By creating light safety zones and by enhancing the wayfinding to minimize conflict points.From the result of the questionnaire and the observations in two case studies, adesign principle with eight parameters has been developed to be applied in new lightingdesign for the T-Centralen platform station. It aims to restore the identity of the station,and create different zones at the T-Centralen subway platform, to enhance the movementof the passengers and to make it more organized by combining different layers of functional,atmospheric and dynamic light.

Coastal regions are of great ecological and economic value. Horizontal chaotic dispersion plays an important role in the distribution and fate of pollutants in coastal waters. Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs) similar to transport barriers that help to predict pollution transport and have only recently been applied in coastal waters.

Nanoscale disorder plays an essential role in guiding material properties which promise to solve many global challenge. Two such challenges are renewable energy generation and storage. Among lithium-ion batteries, lithium rich layered oxides (LRLO) are one of the most promising class of cathode materials, delivering more than 50% capacity over leading commercial battery cathodes. In solar cells, a class of absorbers called hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites promise printable solar cells as efficient as the best silicon-wafer cells and at a fraction of the cost. A variety of challenges at the nanoscale, however, prevent the rapid commercialization of either. With imaging techniques limited in terms of sample environments, averaging over large ensembles of particles, or lacking adequate spatiotemporal resolution for studying the relevant physical processes, characterization has also remained a challenge. The majority of this thesis is on the use of operando Bragg coherent diffractive imaging (BCDI) for energy storage and conversion materials. Some figures and analysis also make use of traditional X-ray diffraction, ”ensemble” X-ray diffraction, density functional theory (DFT), and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS). I show that in LRLO cathodes there is a striking three-fold rotational symmetry of the displacement field, with this effect drastically reduced or eliminated in two compositions of classically layered oxides (CLO), respectively, as well as varying during the charge/discharge process. This finding illuminates the effects of surface strain on the bulk cathode physical structure, and thus its effect on the overall battery performance. I show that different annealing conditions of one CLO chemistry (called NCA) have counter-intuitive effects on the overall strain energy landscape and dislocation density. I also discuss measurements of different solar cell absorbers and the challenges they pose for BCDI. Lastly, I provide an experience-based guide f

Stockholm’s subway system is considered one of the longest art galleries in the world.Each station has its own identity, but at the same time, all metro stations have the sameuniform functional light approach.This light could not prevent the passengers from gathering and walking randomlyat the subway station’s platform. Moreover, the uniform light is neglecting the artwork onthe station’s platform; hence, this could lead to losing the identity feature of the station. Ingeneral, the demand for using public transportation in sustainable urban cities is increasing.This thesis studies how to use light as an information giver for the passengers on the subwaystation platform:By creating light safety zones and by enhancing the wayfinding to minimize conflict points.From the result of the questionnaire and the observations in two case studies, adesign principle with eight parameters has been developed to be applied in new lightingdesign for the T-Centralen platform station. It aims to restore the identity of the station,and create different zones at the T-Centralen subway platform, to enhance the movementof the passengers and to make it more organized by combining different layers of functional,atmospheric and dynamic light.

Structural studies of large biological assemblies pose a unique problem due to their size, complexity and heterogeneity. Conventional methods like x-ray crystallography, NMR, etc. are limited in their ability to address these issues. To overcome some of these limitations, single particle methods were used. In these methods, each particle image is manipulated individually to find the best possible set of images to reconstruct the 3D structure. The structural studies in this thesis, exploit the advantages of single particle methods. The large data set generated by the SPI study of PR772 provides better statistics about the sample quality due to the use of GDVN, a container-free sample delivery method. By analyzing the diffusion map, we see that the use of GDVNs as a sample delivery method produces wide range of particle sizes owing to the large droplet that are created. The high-resolution structure of bacteriophage PR772 confirmed the speculation about the heteropentameric nature of the penton and revealed the new architecture of the vertex complex consisting of a hetero-pentameric penton formed with three copies of P5 and two copies of P31. The beta propeller region of P2, formed by domains I and II is bound to the N-terminal domain of P5. The structure also reveals new conformations of N-terminal and C-terminal region of P3 which play an important role in particle assembly and structural stability. The study of Melbournevirus revealed the protein composition in a packed particle. The CryoEM structure of Melbournevirus reveals a T=309 capsid with an inner lipid membrane. A dense body was found in the viral particle, a feature not observed in other viruses of the Marseilleviridae family. The density of this body is similar to a nucleic acid-protein complex. This observation, along with the histone-like protein identified during study, suggest genome organization in the viral particle, similar to higher organisms. The soft X-ray microscope operated in the water-win

Structural studies of large biological assemblies pose a unique problem due to their size, complexity and heterogeneity. Conventional methods like x-ray crystallography, NMR, etc. are limited in their ability to address these issues. To overcome some of these limitations, single particle methods were used. In these methods, each particle image is manipulated individually to find the best possible set of images to reconstruct the 3D structure. The structural studies in this thesis, exploit the advantages of single particle methods. The large data set generated by the SPI study of PR772 provides better statistics about the sample quality due to the use of GDVN, a container-free sample delivery method. By analyzing the diffusion map, we see that the use of GDVNs as a sample delivery method produces wide range of particle sizes owing to the large droplet that are created. The high-resolution structure of bacteriophage PR772 confirmed the speculation about the heteropentameric nature of the penton and revealed the new architecture of the vertex complex consisting of a hetero-pentameric penton formed with three copies of P5 and two copies of P31. The beta propeller region of P2, formed by domains I and II is bound to the N-terminal domain of P5. The structure also reveals new conformations of N-terminal and C-terminal region of P3 which play an important role in particle assembly and structural stability. The study of Melbournevirus revealed the protein composition in a packed particle. The CryoEM structure of Melbournevirus reveals a T=309 capsid with an inner lipid membrane. A dense body was found in the viral particle, a feature not observed in other viruses of the Marseilleviridae family. The density of this body is similar to a nucleic acid-protein complex. This observation, along with the histone-like protein identified during study, suggest genome organization in the viral particle, similar to higher organisms. The soft X-ray microscope operated in the water-win

Structural studies of large biological assemblies pose a unique problem due to their size, complexity and heterogeneity. Conventional methods like x-ray crystallography, NMR, etc. are limited in their ability to address these issues. To overcome some of these limitations, single particle methods were used. In these methods, each particle image is manipulated individually to find the best possible set of images to reconstruct the 3D structure. The structural studies in this thesis, exploit the advantages of single particle methods. The large data set generated by the SPI study of PR772 provides better statistics about the sample quality due to the use of GDVN, a container-free sample delivery method. By analyzing the diffusion map, we see that the use of GDVNs as a sample delivery method produces wide range of particle sizes owing to the large droplet that are created. The high-resolution structure of bacteriophage PR772 confirmed the speculation about the heteropentameric nature of the penton and revealed the new architecture of the vertex complex consisting of a hetero-pentameric penton formed with three copies of P5 and two copies of P31. The beta propeller region of P2, formed by domains I and II is bound to the N-terminal domain of P5. The structure also reveals new conformations of N-terminal and C-terminal region of P3 which play an important role in particle assembly and structural stability. The study of Melbournevirus revealed the protein composition in a packed particle. The CryoEM structure of Melbournevirus reveals a T=309 capsid with an inner lipid membrane. A dense body was found in the viral particle, a feature not observed in other viruses of the Marseilleviridae family. The density of this body is similar to a nucleic acid-protein complex. This observation, along with the histone-like protein identified during study, suggest genome organization in the viral particle, similar to higher organisms. The soft X-ray microscope operated in the water-win

We investigate, both numerically and experimentally, the usefulness of a distributed non-linearity in a passive coherent photonic reservoir computer. This computing system is based on a passive coherent optical fiber-ring cavity in which part of the non-linearities are realized by the Kerr non-linearity. Linear coherent reservoirs can solve difficult tasks but are aided by non-linear components in their input and/or output layer. Here, we compare the impact of non-linear transformations of information in the reservoirs input layer, its bulk—the fiber-ring cavity—and its readout layer. For the injection of data into the reservoir, we compare a linear input mapping to the non-linear transfer function of a Mach Zehnder modulator. For the reservoir bulk, we quantify the impact of the optical Kerr effect. For the readout layer we compare a linear output to a quadratic output implemented by a photodiode. We find that optical non-linearities in the reservoir itself, such as the optical Kerr non-linearity studied in the present work, enhance the task solving capability of the reservoir. This suggests that such non-linearities will play a key role in future coherent all-optical reservoir computers., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Le bruit des véhicules récréatifs tel que la motoneige est très important. En effet, le bruit est l'une des composantes majeures du confort et du plaisir du pilote. De plus, il reflète directement la qualité du véhicule. Contrairement à l'automobile, il n'y a pas de cabine sur les motoneiges. Le pilote n'est donc pas isolé des sources de bruit par une paroi. Il est donc difficile d'atténuer la transmission aérienne du bruit. La meilleure stratégie sur ces véhicules est donc d'agir directement à la source et d'empêcher la naissance du bruit, ce qui demande une compréhension profonde des mécanismes de rayonnement acoustique. Le système d'entrainement de la chenille est une des sources de bruit des motoneiges. L'identification des sources de bruit est par conséquent une étape nécessaire pour comprendre les mécanismes de rayonnement. Le projet de recherche présenté vise à localiser les sources de bruit sur un système d'entrainement de motoneige à l'aide d'une nouvelle méthode de localisation des sources. La méthode utilise un champ d'intensité acoustique mesuré. Un champ d'intensité acoustique émis par des sources virtuelles est d'abord calculé. Pour localiser les sources réelles, il faut ensuite déterminer quelle est la position des sources virtuelles qui permette de reproduire le champ d'intensité mesuré. La méthodologie est validée numériquement puis expérimentalement pour localiser quatre sources partiellement cohérentes, dans un espace en trois dimensions. La prédiction obtenue de la position des sources est très proche de leur position réelle. De plus, la puissance de chaque source est également approchée de manière satisfaisante. La méthodologie est enfin appliquée à une suspension de motoneige qui fait partie du système d'entrainement. Toutefois, il s'est avéré que le cas de la suspension est plus complexe que celui de la validation. La complexité du cas réel demande un temps de calcul trop important pour localiser les sources. Des améliorations réduisant le tem

We investigate the hysteresis obtained in the hydrogen absorption and desorption cycle for a single crystal Pd/V-28 [Fe-4/V-28](11) superlattice. Below the critical temperature, a small but clear hysteresis is observed in the pressure-composition isotherms, while it is absent above. The experimental results thereby prove the relevance of macroscopic energy barriers for obtaining hysteresis in coherent structural transformations. The textured Pd layer exhibits substantially larger hysteresis effects, which can be related to an irreversible energy loss caused by defect generation in Pd.

There has been an increase in the amount and complexity of traffic on Dutch inland waterways. Traffic management shifted from local traffic control to corridor traffic management. Due to these changes, operators in nautical traffic management centers experience difficulty to gain and maintain sufficient situation awareness. In our previous research, three groups of deficiencies of current situation awareness support have been identified. To overcome these deficiencies, a theoretical framework for information engineering user interface concepts was developed and used for designing three interface concepts. A coherent, an integrated and a context-dependent adaptable user interface were designed and implemented as testable prototypes. To support the process of information engineering, we combined user-centered design techniques with the formalism of set theory, directed graphs and semantic networks. From a methodological point of view, these proved to be useful both in conceptualization and implementation of the concepts. The usability of these concepts was tested in a simulator environment. The results show that the implemented prototypes represent an important improvement compared to the traditional interface solutions currently used by nautical traffic management operators. However, it was recognized that the coherent user interface implementation still suffered from a number of deficiencies. The context-dependent adaptable user interface was evaluated most positively., Cyber-Physical Systems

There has been an increase in the amount and complexity of traffic on Dutch inland waterways. Traffic management shifted from local traffic control to corridor traffic management. Due to these changes, operators in nautical traffic management centers experience difficulty to gain and maintain sufficient situation awareness. In our previous research, three groups of deficiencies of current situation awareness support have been identified. To overcome these deficiencies, a theoretical framework for information engineering user interface concepts was developed and used for designing three interface concepts. A coherent, an integrated and a context-dependent adaptable user interface were designed and implemented as testable prototypes. To support the process of information engineering, we combined user-centered design techniques with the formalism of set theory, directed graphs and semantic networks. From a methodological point of view, these proved to be useful both in conceptualization and implementation of the concepts. The usability of these concepts was tested in a simulator environment. The results show that the implemented prototypes represent an important improvement compared to the traditional interface solutions currently used by nautical traffic management operators. However, it was recognized that the coherent user interface implementation still suffered from a number of deficiencies. The context-dependent adaptable user interface was evaluated most positively., Cyber-Physical Systems

The paper deals with an angle of arrival (AoA) adaptive estimation in the case of coherent signals incident to an antenna array. The used methods are: forward/backward averaging and forward/backward spatial smoothing. The assumed signal model and mentioned methods are described and analysed. To prove the theoretical analysis measurements of a 4 element antenna array with an offline signal processing was performed and the simulation and measurement results are compared and discussed., Příspěvek se zabývá úhlem odhadu příjezdu (AoA) adaptivní v případě koherentní signálů incidentu na anténní soustavu. Používané metody jsou: vpřed / vzad průměrování a dopředu / dozadu prostorové vyhlazování. Předpokládaný model signálu a uvedené metody jsou popsány a analyzovány. Aby dokázal, že měření teoretického rozboru anténní soustavu 4 prvku s off-line zpracování signálu bylo provedeno a simulace a výsledky měření jsou porovnány a diskutovány.

Demand for information technology continues to grow, and with it the need for continuous improvement in telecommunication infrastructure. Recent interest in coherent modulation schemes, wavelength conversion, and large scale photonic integration for feasible, cost-effective scaling of existing network infrastructure has generated an intriguing area idea in which several technologies are combined at once to create a solution more capable than any individual approach. By leveraging these technologies together, a scalable path capable of providing sustainable growth in the telecommunication field may be realized. This dissertation explores this concept by the applying principles of monolithic integration to coherent receiver and optical switch technology with the goal of improving the size, cost, and performance of existing communication components as well as drive forward the state of the art in photonic integration. To this end, a monolithic coherent receiver was developed by integrating local oscillator, mixer, and high speed detection functions together on a single chip in an architecture capable of supporting polarization multiplexing and phase shift keying modulation formats. With an integrated local oscillator, the receiver’s capability is scalable, supporting higher capacity modulation formats through the use of more advanced feedback electronics and digital signal processing.In addition, a monolithic all-optical switch was developed by integrating both wavelength conversion and wavelength filtering functions onto a single chip. The architecture is capable of high speed switching of optical signals without costly optical-electrical conversion by utilizing an array of optical-optical modulators with scalable channel capacity and a static arrayed-waveguide grating router. By integrating these functions on the same chip, costly packaging issues may be avoided, greatly reducing development and production costs.By moving an increased number of components onto single

Time-consistent valuations (i.e. pricing operators) can be created by backward iteration of one-period valuations. In this paper we investigate the continuous-time limits of well-known actuarial premium principles when such backward iteration procedures are applied. This method is applied to an insurance risk process in the form of a diffusion process and a jump process in order to capture the heavy tailed nature of insurance liabilities. We show that in the case of the diffusion process, the one-period time-consistent Variance premium principle converges to the non-linear exponential indifference price. Furthermore, we show that the Standard-Deviation and the Cost-of-Capital principle converge to the same price limit. Adding the jump risk gives a more realistic picture of the price. Furthermore, we no longer observe that the different premium principles converge to the same limit since each principle reflects the effect of the jump differently. In the Cost-of-Capital principle, in particular the VaRVaR operator fails to capture the jump risk for small jump probabilities, and the time-consistent price depends on the distribution of the premium jump.