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The purpose of the study is to investigate the association between technological innovations and the financial performance of commercial banks using risk management practices as a mediator. The study's primary focus was on commercial banks in Uganda's Kampala Central region. A quantitative method was used to adopt a cross-sectional survey design. The study selected bank employees from 24 Kampala-based commercial banks using the convenience sampling technique. To accomplish the study's goals, mediation analysis were done using Baron and Kenny, while correlation, regression and inferential statistics were examined using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) PROCESS MACRO. The results of the study showed that the study variables had a significant positive association. The results of the regression show that risk management techniques and technological innovation are predictive of financial performance. The results showed that risk management procedures significantly impacted the connection between technological innovation and financial performance. Results also indicate that the association between financial performance and technological innovation is mediated by risk management strategies. The study provides many implications for management and theory.

Objective: Receiving a specified interest rate on term deposits and lending, which carries the risk that the borrower won't repay the debt as stipulated, are two components of the banking industry. This has to do with the likelihood that lending rates may decline, which would lead to a decrease in the bank's investment income relative to its deposit payment income. Therefore, this study examines how Nigerian commercial banks' financial stability is impacted by non-performing loans. The non-performing loans (NPLs), liquidity risk (LR), gearing ratio (GR), bank size (BS), and return on asset (ROA) were all utilized as proxies for non-performing loans and financial performance, respectively, using an ex-post facto research technique.   Method: The study employed a simple sampling approach to collect secondary data in accordance with the data's accessibility at the time of the investigation. These numbers were gathered from the annual financial reports of eight listed Nigerian commercial banks and cover the years 2017 through 2022. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Panel Autoregressive distributed lags (PARDL) methods.   Results: The results of the analysis indicate that the model's short-run behavior exhibits a high rate of adjustment, and that it moves from the short-run to the long-run at an average speed of 48%. However, the long-term cointegration results show that the non-performing loans (-0.495623); liquidity ratio (-0.133630) and gearing ratio (-3.328567) are all statistically negatively related to return on asset. This suggests that an increase in the non-performing loans, liquidity ratio and gearing ratio tends to reduce return on asset in the long term. However, only the bank size has a positive significant relationship with return on asset.   Conclusion: The study suggests that the regulatory agencies in Nigeria increase the internal processes used by commercial Nigerian banks for risk verification, measurement, and trac

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing non-performing loans (NPLs) in commercial banks during the period 2016-2022. The study utilized a sample of 16 joint-stock commercial banks in Vietnam. The authors employed three regression models: Pooled OLS, Fixed Effects Model (FEM), and Random Effects Model (REM), ultimately selecting REM as the most appropriate model. The results show that out of 5 variables, GDP and bank size have a negative impact on bad debt ratio. However, credit growth rate, credit loss provision and loan to total assets ratio have the same direction on NLPs.

The research aimed to explain the concept of bank loans and their importance in economic growth in Iraq. The research relied on combining the methods of induction and deduction in its analysis of the reality of loans granted by commercial banks and explaining their impact on economic growth in Iraq for the period (2004-2022), through the use of tests using the modern standard using the E-Views 12 program, the research reached developments in bank deposits with commercial banks in Iraq during the period (2004-2022), as we note that the number of bank branches was constantly increasing during the period (2004-2013), after it was (530 branches) in 2004 and then continued to increase until it became (1002 branches) in 2013, noting its stability in 2005. The reason for this continuous increase is due to the plan of the monetary and financial authorities to increase banking penetration and banking density. The research recommended the importance of continuing to develop Commercial banks as one of the important and effective units in Iraqi society, and rediscovering the local principles and self-capabilities of the Iraqi local community, considering local development as an educational process with lessons learned so that community members can confront their issues on their own.

The research aimed to explain the concept of bank loans and their importance in economic growth in Iraq. The research relied on combining the methods of induction and deduction in its analysis of the reality of loans granted by commercial banks and explaining their impact on economic growth in Iraq for the period (2004-2022), through the use of tests using the modern standard using the E-Views 12 program, the research reached developments in bank deposits with commercial banks in Iraq during the period (2004-2022), as we note that the number of bank branches was constantly increasing during the period (2004-2013), after it was (530 branches) in 2004 and then continued to increase until it became (1002 branches) in 2013, noting its stability in 2005. The reason for this continuous increase is due to the plan of the monetary and financial authorities to increase banking penetration and banking density. The research recommended the importance of continuing to develop Commercial banks as one of the important and effective units in Iraqi society, and rediscovering the local principles and self-capabilities of the Iraqi local community, considering local development as an educational process with lessons learned so that community members can confront their issues on their own.

Purpose: Specific objectives are to establish the effect of effect of probability of default and financial performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya. The theoretical framework was based on asymmetric information. Methodology/Approach: The adopted mixed research comprising of causal and longitudinal research designs. The study used all commercial banks which are 42 it total. Positivism research philosophy was adopted. The study used secondary data from financial statements of banks.  Data was analyzed by both descriptive and inferential statistics. Data was presented using tables. Findings: From the findings Probability of default negatively affects the Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya as indicated by a p value of 0.00 in the fixed effect model. This can be explained as a result of the following possible factors: Loans with higher Probability of default are more likely to become non-performing assets or be classified as doubtful debts. Implications: Implementing a credit risk stress testing plan can effectively mitigate the likelihood of a bank encountering a financial crisis. In order to mitigate liquidity risk, it is advisable for banks to augment their liquid holdings.

Objective: Non-performing loans have become a chronic problem in the banking industry of Pakistan over the last few decades. In this aspect, the study assessed the causal impact of Banks’ specific factors and bankers’ perceptions on non-performing loans. Methodology: The study is based on the data collected from 170 bankers of ten Commercial Banks of Pakistan. From bankers’ perspective, the study reported that the manager’s capability, the society’s orientation, interest waiver, and lenient credit terms have a negative impact on non-performing loans. Findings: In the light of finding the study suggests that the banks need to strengthen their internal control system and accountability arrangement for selecting genuine borrowers. Besides, the banks need to address moral hazard i.e. the borrowed funds are being used for the intended purpose. Implications: The study concludes that the banks may formulate an effective loan policy and revamp procedures within different phases of the “loan cycle”.

Objective: Non-performing loans have become a chronic problem in the banking industry of Pakistan over the last few decades. In this aspect, the study assessed the causal impact of Banks’ specific factors and bankers’ perceptions on non-performing loans. Methodology: The study is based on the data collected from 170 bankers of ten Commercial Banks of Pakistan. From bankers’ perspective, the study reported that the manager’s capability, the society’s orientation, interest waiver, and lenient credit terms have a negative impact on non-performing loans. Findings: In the light of finding the study suggests that the banks need to strengthen their internal control system and accountability arrangement for selecting genuine borrowers. Besides, the banks need to address moral hazard i.e. the borrowed funds are being used for the intended purpose. Implications: The study concludes that the banks may formulate an effective loan policy and revamp procedures within different phases of the “loan cycle”.

Banking sectors play a crucial part in the growth of an economy. As a result, the banking sector's stability is critical to an economy's growth. Commercial banks are faced with external environmental changes that may render negative as well as positive impacts on commercial banks. Strategic management is one of the key corner stones of any business institution that needs to compete favourably in a particular industry and respond to changes in the external environment. Crafting strategies to suit changes in the external environment is one principal goal of every organisation whose aim is to remain competitive in the market, generate profits and attain growth. This investigated response strategies to external environment (economic changes, technological changes, and social-culture changes) of commercial banks in Zambia. Descriptive research approach was used with 38 questionnaires distributed. Only 20 questionnaires were returned and correctly answered, representing 52.6% response rate, enough to draw conclusions and recommendations. Data analysed quantitatively in SPSS and Microsoft excel with result values presented using percentages, averages, and means. The results revealed that commercial banks did not respond to social-cultures changes in consumer behaviour in Zambia. However commercial banks responded to economic and technological factors, which led to closure of some branches and bank merges. To that end, commercial banks adopted various response strategies to respond to the changes. Strategies adopted included stability and expansion while no commercial bank adopted retrenchment strategy. Commercial banks should not only concentrate on stability strategies, but also use other strategies such as expansion and retrenchment strategies to survive the harsh external turbulence. Management of commercial banks should take advantage of advances in information and communication technology that enhances service delivery and meeting customer needs. Banks need to constan

Banking sectors play a crucial part in the growth of an economy. As a result, the banking sector's stability is critical to an economy's growth. Commercial banks are faced with external environmental changes that may render negative as well as positive impacts on commercial banks. Strategic management is one of the key corner stones of any business institution that needs to compete favourably in a particular industry and respond to changes in the external environment. Crafting strategies to suit changes in the external environment is one principal goal of every organisation whose aim is to remain competitive in the market, generate profits and attain growth. This investigated response strategies to external environment (economic changes, technological changes, and social-culture changes) of commercial banks in Zambia. Descriptive research approach was used with 38 questionnaires distributed. Only 20 questionnaires were returned and correctly answered, representing 52.6% response rate, enough to draw conclusions and recommendations. Data analysed quantitatively in SPSS and Microsoft excel with result values presented using percentages, averages, and means. The results revealed that commercial banks did not respond to social-cultures changes in consumer behaviour in Zambia. However commercial banks responded to economic and technological factors, which led to closure of some branches and bank merges. To that end, commercial banks adopted various response strategies to respond to the changes. Strategies adopted included stability and expansion while no commercial bank adopted retrenchment strategy. Commercial banks should not only concentrate on stability strategies, but also use other strategies such as expansion and retrenchment strategies to survive the harsh external turbulence. Management of commercial banks should take advantage of advances in information and communication technology that enhances service delivery and meeting customer needs. Banks need to constan

The study was aimed at studying the effects of changes in the Statutory Reserve Ratio Requirement on commercial banks profitability in Zambia between 2007 to 2017. Time series data, namely, monthly data was used throughout the 11-year study. The study included data from all Zambian commercial banks operating from 2007 to 2017. The study used EViews version 10, for data analysis. Statutory reserves and bank profitability in Zambia were studied using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. This research sought to objectively determine how statutory reserves affect bank performance. Performance was measured by ROA. The study found an inverse relationship between statutory reserves and financial performance of commercial banks in Zambia. Beyond statutory reserves, the research also considered the impact of other bank-specific variables on profitability. Specifically, it observed that inflation and open market operation balances exerted negative impact on the commercial banks' performance. Additionally, the study unveiled an important aspect related to the time horizon for adjustment. The speed of adjustment from short-run dynamics to long-run equilibrium was estimated at approximately 62%. After changes in statutory reserves and other variables, Zambian banks tend to reach a long-term profitability equilibrium point. These findings affect Zambia's banking industry and regulators. It emphasises the need to balance regulatory requirements like statutory reserves with commercial bank profitability. This research advances monetary economics and lays the groundwork for future research due to the changing financial industry and regulatory environment.

Objective: Non-performing loans have become a chronic problem in the banking industry of Pakistan over the last few decades. In this aspect, the study assessed the causal impact of Banks’ specific factors and bankers’ perceptions on non-performing loans. Methodology: The study is based on the data collected from 170 bankers of ten Commercial Banks of Pakistan. From bankers’ perspective, the study reported that the manager’s capability, the society’s orientation, interest waiver, and lenient credit terms have a negative impact on non-performing loans. Findings: In the light of finding the study suggests that the banks need to strengthen their internal control system and accountability arrangement for selecting genuine borrowers. Besides, the banks need to address moral hazard i.e. the borrowed funds are being used for the intended purpose. Implications: The study concludes that the banks may formulate an effective loan policy and revamp procedures within different phases of the “loan cycle”.

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of factors on the ability to detect accounting fraud of internal auditors at Vietnamese commercial banks. Using quantitative research methods, based on a survey of 242 internal auditors at 34 Vietnamese commercial banks between December 2023 and February 2024. The regression results show that the factors in order of influence diminish, including: Internal auditor's capacity; Resources and technology; Communication and cooperation; Internal control system; Organizational culture; and Legal environment. Based on these findings, the study has made a number of recommendations to stakeholders to improve the ability of internal auditors in Vietnamese commercial banks to detect fraud. Thereby, helping commercial banks strengthen their internal control systems, improving the capacity of auditors and promoting a culture of ethical conduct to minimize the risk of accounting fraud.

The study was aimed at studying the effects of changes in the Statutory Reserve Ratio Requirement on commercial banks profitability in Zambia between 2007 to 2017. Time series data, namely, monthly data was used throughout the 11-year study. The study included data from all Zambian commercial banks operating from 2007 to 2017. The study used EViews version 10, for data analysis. Statutory reserves and bank profitability in Zambia were studied using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. This research sought to objectively determine how statutory reserves affect bank performance. Performance was measured by ROA. The study found an inverse relationship between statutory reserves and financial performance of commercial banks in Zambia. Beyond statutory reserves, the research also considered the impact of other bank-specific variables on profitability. Specifically, it observed that inflation and open market operation balances exerted negative impact on the commercial banks' performance. Additionally, the study unveiled an important aspect related to the time horizon for adjustment. The speed of adjustment from short-run dynamics to long-run equilibrium was estimated at approximately 62%. After changes in statutory reserves and other variables, Zambian banks tend to reach a long-term profitability equilibrium point. These findings affect Zambia's banking industry and regulators. It emphasises the need to balance regulatory requirements like statutory reserves with commercial bank profitability. This research advances monetary economics and lays the groundwork for future research due to the changing financial industry and regulatory environment.

The confluence of corporate governance (CG) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become increasingly significant in the contemporary banking landscape of emerging economies. The collaboration between gender diversity and financial leverage in shaping CSR disclosure has not been comprehensively explored in this context. The corporate governance factors evaluated including board meetings, the age of the board, the percentage of women on the board, and the size of the audit committee. The dataset was collected from 432 individuals. We utilize multivariate analysis techniques to assess the relationships between CG variables, including board composition, ownership structure, and CSR disclosure. As a result, we found that board composition, gender diversity, financial leverage, and industry type were significantly influenced by CSR disclosure among commercial banks in the emerging economy. When regulators, policymakers, and bank stakeholders know these connections, they may collaborate to raise corporate governance standards and encourage ethical banking practices, which will help the emerging economy grow sustainably.

Objectives: The objective of this paper is to present solutions and suggestions for enhancing the control mechanism of commercial banks, with a specific case study conducted in Thai Nguyen. In light of the increasing demand for bank risk management, this study aims to propose strategies to improve and develop more effective control solutions.   Methods: Efforts will be made to organize and integrate risk management datasets into an effective Management Information System (MIS) or bank core system. Additionally, this study will emphasize the integration of risk management and monitoring activities as crucial components of a robust internal control system. By doing so, managers will be equipped to maintain effective internal control functions over time.   Results: The results of this study are yet to be determined. However, it is anticipated that the proposed solutions and suggestions will contribute to enhancing the control mechanisms of commercial banks, particularly in the context of risk management. By integrating risk management datasets and activities into the internal control system, banks may experience improved efficiency and effectiveness in managing risks.   Conclusion: In conclusion, the integration of effective risk management practices within the internal control framework of commercial banks is essential for ensuring stability and resilience in the face of financial uncertainties. This paper underscores the importance of proactive measures in enhancing control mechanisms, particularly in the context of evolving banking landscapes. Through the implementation of the proposed solutions, banks in Thai Nguyen and beyond may fortify their risk management practices and bolster overall operational resilience.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) denotes firms’ commitment to conduct their activities ethically by considering their social, economic and environment effects. CSR can be vital for commercial banks in Rwanda in creating lasting corporate image that serve to benefit their financial performance. The present research examined the contribution of CSR on financial performance of commercial banks in Rwanda using a case of BPR Bank Rwanda Plc, located in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda. A descriptive and correlational research design was adopted using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population of this research was 125 employees from the bank and sample size of 96 selected using stratified random sampling technique. Data collection was done using questionnaire and interview guide. Secondary data was obtained using desk research from financial statements published by the bank. Pearson correlation and multilinear regression analyses were performed to measure the effect. The findings on employee trainings (r=0.233, p=0.022) was significantly and positively related to financial performance of commercial banks. Since the p-value was less than 5%, then the correlation was statistically significant. Similarly, charity work (r=0.283, p=0.005) and community development projects (r=0.475, p=0.000) positively influence the financial performance of BPR, since the p-value were less than 5%. All the indicator variables of CSR were seen to have positive effect on financial performance of commercial banks though with low correlation.  The regression model (F=23.917, p=0.000) was statistically significant since the p-value was less than 5%. The researcher recommends that bank managers should analyze the viability of the current CSR strategies before launching new strategies. It is only after critical analysis that managers can use new CSR strategies. They should also make sure that any new CSR strategies are aligned to the overall mission and vison of the bank

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) denotes firms’ commitment to conduct their activities ethically by considering their social, economic and environment effects. CSR can be vital for commercial banks in Rwanda in creating lasting corporate image that serve to benefit their financial performance. The present research examined the contribution of CSR on financial performance of commercial banks in Rwanda using a case of BPR Bank Rwanda Plc, located in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda. A descriptive and correlational research design was adopted using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population of this research was 125 employees from the bank and sample size of 96 selected using stratified random sampling technique. Data collection was done using questionnaire and interview guide. Secondary data was obtained using desk research from financial statements published by the bank. Pearson correlation and multilinear regression analyses were performed to measure the effect. The findings on employee trainings (r=0.233, p=0.022) was significantly and positively related to financial performance of commercial banks. Since the p-value was less than 5%, then the correlation was statistically significant. Similarly, charity work (r=0.283, p=0.005) and community development projects (r=0.475, p=0.000) positively influence the financial performance of BPR, since the p-value were less than 5%. All the indicator variables of CSR were seen to have positive effect on financial performance of commercial banks though with low correlation.  The regression model (F=23.917, p=0.000) was statistically significant since the p-value was less than 5%. The researcher recommends that bank managers should analyze the viability of the current CSR strategies before launching new strategies. It is only after critical analysis that managers can use new CSR strategies. They should also make sure that any new CSR strategies are aligned to the overall mission and vison of the bank

The ultimate goal of studying high-end customer loyalty is to identify their shortcomings in customer maintenance and provide appropriate service marketing guidelines for public and private banks. This study selected the high-end customer groups of Agricultural Bank of China and Hengfeng Bank as specific research objects and collected a total of 380 data for mean, standard deviation, and correlation analysis. Through statistical analysis of data, it was found that high-end customers have varying degrees of perception towards service quality, perceived value, and customer satisfaction. There is a positive correlation between potential factors of customer loyalty and various dimensions to varying degrees. In order to improve the correlation between variables, this study provides relevant suggestions for public and private banks from three aspects: service quality, perceived value, and customer satisfaction, guiding them to maintain and improve the loyalty of high-end customers to financial institutions.

Design/methodology/approach: The article aims at identifying factors affecting credit risk of commercial banks in Vietnam. The study uses data collected from financial statements of 15 typical joint stock commercial banks out of a total of 27 joint stock commercial banks listed on the Vietnam stock exchange from 2012 to 2022 with panel data of 15 joint stock commercial banks for the period 2012 - 2022. The banks in the research data are the those with the largest total assets in the banking system. After collecting and processing data, research sample includes 165 observations and the study uses E-view software in quantitative analysis to build a regression model to determine the relationship and level of influence of Internal factors to credit risk of listed joint stock commercial banks. Findings: Research results indicate that factors affecting credit risk of listed joint stock commercial banks include: Ratio of equity to total assets, capital structure of the bank, and operational performance of the banks. Research, Practical & Social impications: These results confirm the importance of taking into account micro finance factors when making financing. Understanding the impact of these factors and relationships contributes to decision and risk management. Originality/value: In order to limit credit risk it is necessary to focus on: Ensuring reasonable equity; Stricter control over loan capital; Optimal use of resources.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is becoming pivotal with each passing day for value creation, particularly in the banking industry mainly in Pakistan. Although, with of move of financial liberalization of the early 2000s the said industry is competing for enhancing customers’ perceived value (PV) which is the foundation of persistent customer loyalty. Henceforth, the study aims to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility on the perceived value of customers which ultimately converts into loyalty for the long-term upholding of customers in the banking industry of Pakistan. The results of the study confirm that CSR activities conducted by banks have a significant impact on trust, commitment, and satisfaction However, the value perceived by customers is significantly important for enhancing their loyalty to their bank which is imperative for long-term relationships.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is becoming pivotal with each passing day for value creation, particularly in the banking industry mainly in Pakistan. Although, with of move of financial liberalization of the early 2000s the said industry is competing for enhancing customers’ perceived value (PV) which is the foundation of persistent customer loyalty. Henceforth, the study aims to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility on the perceived value of customers which ultimately converts into loyalty for the long-term upholding of customers in the banking industry of Pakistan. The results of the study confirm that CSR activities conducted by banks have a significant impact on trust, commitment, and satisfaction However, the value perceived by customers is significantly important for enhancing their loyalty to their bank which is imperative for long-term relationships.

The management of liquidity risk in commercial banks determines the banks' financial performance, which predominantly influences the quality of the loan portfolio and the nature of credit administration programs as a whole. By ensuring that liquidity risk is effectively managed, the primary objective of liquidity risk management is to generate a high-quality, stable, large, and growing flow of net interest income for banks. This objective is achieved by ensuring that banks can meet the needs of their customers. This study determined the effect of liquidity risk management on the financial performance of Kenyan commercial banks. The investigation was founded on the theory of liquidity management shiftability. The paradigm of Positivism served as the philosophical foundation for the investigation. The study incorporated both explanatory and longitudinal research designs into its methodology. The study's target population consisted of 32 Commercial Banks in Kenya. The study utilized panel data consisting of time series and cross-sectional data spanning a decade from 2010 to 2019. Using Eviews, descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected data, which was then presented in tables and figures. The study found out that Liquidity risk management had an insignificant negative relationship with ROE (F=0.583912, p<0.05) and ROA (F=2.770410, p<0.05). Arising from the study findings, it is observed that liquidity risk management has a negative effect on financial performance measure either in ROA or ROE, it is recommended that commercial banks should keep this parameter as minimum as possible so as not involve in loss making undertakings.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to shed a light on risk management in Jordanian commercial banks in accordance with the Basel Accords. Theoretical framework: The researcher reviewed the relevant literature related to risk management Design/methodology/approach: The descriptive analytical approach was adopted. The questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. The sample consists of all the public administrations in banks and employees in risk management and control. It consists from 120 individuals. Findings: The results of the study showed that the field of "The application of banking risk management in Jordanian commercial banks in accordance with the Basel Accords" ranges from strong to medium, while the field of "Techniques and principles of banking risk management applied by Jordanian commercial banks" ranges from strong to moderate, Research, Practical & Social implications: This study allows Jordanian commercial banks to improve their abilities in managing risks based on Basel accords Originality/value: This study is important because it is one of the few studies that shed a light on Basel Accords along with risk management

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to Explanation the relationship between the characteristics boards of directors (Board size, Board women's representation, Board independency, and Board diversity) and cash Dividend Policy. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study uses a firm level panel data set of sample included 13 banks and insurance companies publicly traded firms on the Palestine Stock Exchange between 2012 and 2021. Cash Dividend Policy have been measured by (dividends per share), and the data analyzed within the framework of OLS regression technique. Findings: The results of this study reveal no significant effects of all characteristics boards of directors on cash Dividend Policy at banks and insurance companies publicly traded on the Palestine Stock Exchange. The study recommended the need to control the application of corporate governance for commercial banks and insurance companies in Palestine. Research, Practical & Social implications: The results of this study differ somewhat from most previous studies. The study emphasizes the necessity of activating internal governance factors related to the characteristics of the board of directors to support the process of making a decision to cash dividend Policy because of their important reflection on the analyzes and expectations of investors in the Palestine Stock Exchange. Originality/Value: This study provides valuable insights to shareholders and stakeholders about activating internal governance mechanisms in the Palestinian financial sector and highlights the role of the characteristics boards of directors in making financial decisions, including cash dividend Policy, while giving a clearer picture to investors and analysts for building investment strategies.

This study aims to understand the perception by bank employees of the costs induced in the dimensions of green finance and its sources of financing on the one hand, and on the other hand, to identify the challenges affecting its implementation. Thus, the data of the study are collected from 12 employees of commercial banks in Cameroon, then subjected to an exploratory factor analysis. The results indicate that employees rate the level of awareness, belief and understanding of the main dimensions of Green Finance as satisfactory.The results also reveal that rising transaction costs, accompanied by incorrect valuation of loan applications, lack of adequate accountability and transparency, lack of adequate legal accountability and lack of skills in evaluating green projects are the main obstacles to the development of green finance., Cette étude vise à appréhender la perception des coûts induits par les salariés bancaires dans les dimensions de la finance verte et ses sources de financement d’une part, et d’autre part, identifier les défis affectant sa mise en oeuvre. Ainsi, les données de l’étude sont collectées auprès de 12 employés de banques commerciales au Cameroun, puis soumises à une analyse factorielle exploratoire. Les résultats indiquent que les salariés jugent satisfaisants le niveau de sensibilisation, le niveau de croyances et de compréhension des principales dimensions de la Finance Verte. Les résultats révèlent aussi quele renchérissement des coûts de transaction s’accompagne de l’évaluation incorrecte des demandes de prêt, l’absence de responsabilité et de la transparence adéquates, l’absence de responsabilité juridique adéquate et le manque de compétences en matière d’évaluation des projets verts sont les principaux obstacles au développement de la Finance verte., Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender a percepção dos bancários sobre os custos induzidos nas dimensões do financiamento verde e suas fontes de financiamento, por um lado, e, por outro, identificar os desafios que afetam sua implementação. Assim, os dados do estudo são coletados de 12 funcionários de bancos comerciais em Camarões, em seguida, submetidos a uma análise fatorial exploratória. Os resultados indicam que os funcionários classificam o nível de conscientização, crença e compreensão das principais dimensões do Green Finance como satisfatório. Os resultados revelam também que o aumento dos custos de transação, acompanhado de uma avaliação incorreta dos pedidos de empréstimo, a falta de responsabilização e transparência adequadas, a falta de responsabilização jurídica adequada e a falta de competências na avaliação de projetos ecológicos são os principais obstáculos ao desenvolvimento do financiamento verde., Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender la percepción de los costos por los empleados bancarios en las dimensiones de las finanzas verdes y sus fuentes de financiamiento por un lado, y por otro lado, identificar los desafíos que afectan su implementación. Por lo tanto, los datos del estudio se recopilan de 12 empleados de bancos comerciales en Camerún, luego se someten a un análisis factorial exploratorio. Los resultados indican que los empleados consideran satisfactorio el nivel de conciencia, el nivel de creenciasy comprensión de las principales dimensiones de las Finanzas Verdes. Los resultados también revelan que el aumento en los costos de transacción está acompañado por la evaluación incorrecta de las solicitudes de préstamo, la ausencia de rendición de cuentas y de transparencia adecuadas, la ausencia de rendición de cuentas legal adecuada y la falta de habilidades de gestión en la evaluación de proyectos verdes siendo estos los principales obstáculos al desarrollo de las finanzas verdes.

Purpose: The study studies the factors affecting the quality of banking services of commercial banks, commercial bank branches operating in Vietnam. The authors proposed policy implications based on research results that improve the quality of commercial banking services. Theoretical framework: Service quality measurement is difficult because of its characteristics: intangibility, heterogeneity, and inseparability. The concept of service quality has been researched and developed in many recent decades through customer satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted quantitative research in 2 phases. Phase 1 is a preliminary quantitative study: collecting data to check the reliability of the scales in the research model and completed in October 2022. Phase 2 is the official quantitative research: collecting data on a large scale after building and perfecting the appropriate scales, to be carried out from November to February 2023. Processing data by statistical methods, analyzing EFA and CFA, using the structural equation model analysis (SEM) method to test the fit of models and hypotheses with SPSS 20.0 software and Amos. Findings: The article’s findings showed that technology factors affect commercial banks’ service quality in Vietnam. At the same time, it introduces some changes in Vietnamese banks in the context of current technological breakthroughs. Research, Practical & Social implications: Practical implications enhanced the service quality of commercial banks in the context of digital technology breakthroughs. The amount of information that can be encoded and the tools were available to process it has increased dramatically. Originality/value: The paper’s originality and value help bank managers invest in digital technology as the way forward to better serve their customers. Besides, the article has systematized the theory of service quality and factors affecting the quality of commercial banking services.

Purpose: The study examines the financial performances of selected Public Sector Undertaking Banks (PSUB) and Private Sector Banks (PSB). Furthermore, this study examines banks' efficiency concerning various financial aspects such as stability, liquidity, and profitability and their impact on financial performance. Theoretical framework: Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the financial performance of commercial banks. But after the COVID pandemic, only a few studies were conducted on the performance of banks. However, there is still much to assess regarding the comparative financial performance of public and private sector banks in India. Design/methodology/approach: The study of financial performance of banks conducted on six PSUB and six PSB are selected based on advances as a percentage of deposits with the top three and bottom three banks from the PSUB and PSB. This research compares PSUB to PSB using a T-test for independent samples. The data is collected from secondary sources gathered from annual and RBI annual reports from 2017 to 2021. Findings: Results from a comparison test show that, even though PSUB has made a lot of progress, they are still not performing up to the standard that PSB set. According to the report, PSB outperformed PSUB in the areas of CAR, NPA to NA, PPE, ROA, and liquid assets to total deposits concerning the CAMEL approach. Research, Practical & Social implications: Future studies can consider other indicators of CAMEL components, like the percentage of gross NPA, net profit margin, interest income to total funds, operating expenses to total funds, credit deposit ratio, cash to deposit ratio, and some other samples of banks, to assess the financial performance of banks. Originality/value: This research focuses on the financial performances of selected PSUBs and PSBs. The findings of this scholarly article state that the performances of the PSBs are the best, which means the PSUBs are lacking towards the cu

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the role of commercial banks in increasing investment and credit facilities in Jordan. Theoretical framework: The theoretical literature in this study sheds a light on the role of the commercial banks in in increasing investment and credit facilities. It also sheds a light on the role of commercial banks in supporting economy. Design/methodology/approach: The researchers adopted a descriptive analytical and quantitative approaches. The study’s sample includes all the commercial banks in Jordan. The researcher collected data on commercial banks from reports issued by the Central Bank of Jordan. The sampled banks include: (Bank of Jordan, Arab Bank, Capital Bank and Etihad Bank). The data targets the period (2017-2020). Findings: The researcher found that there is an important role for Commercial banks in investment in general, due to an increasing the financial indicators of Commercial banks related to investment during the years (2017-2020). The study reported that the value of Commercial banks credit facilities increased significantly during .The comparison period (2017-2020) Research, Practical & Social implications: The present study provides information and review of literature for the ones interested in conducting studies about the impact of commercial banks on economic variables. It also provides the decision makers in the Jordanian Ministry of Finance with useful information for supporting and improving investment in Jordan. Originality/value: The present study is significant because it is the first study that addresses the role of commercial banks in increasing investment and credit facilities in Jordan as far as the researcher knows.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the impact of branding in building and enhancing customer loyalty for banking services. Theoretical framework: branding dimensions are the first factors, which affect a customer’s opinion of the quality and features a particular product, including brand recognition, mental image, trust, satisfaction, market value, and perceived quality. A large number of studies indicate that customer loyalty influences brand value (Janghyeon & Yuksel, 2011). Design/methodology/approach: The research reports on field study that operationalizes a theoretical framework to examine the impact of branding in building and enhancing customer loyalty for banking services. Findings: Evidence from the study indicates that the dimensions of branding have a statistically significant impact in building and enhancing customer loyalty for banking services in Jordan Research, Practical & Social implications: the study suggests improving customer trust in their brand and banking services, because such trust is one of the most important dimensions that enhances customer satisfaction, and persuades them to have the desired level of loyalty for these services. Originality/value: The results indicate the role of the branding can build and enhance customer loyalty for banking services in commercial bank in Jordan., Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar o impacto do branding na construção e fidelização de clientes para serviços bancários. A amostra do estudo consiste em 400 entrevistados que foram selecionados aleatoriamente entre clientes de bancos comerciais na Jordânia durante o período do estudo. Um questionário foi desenvolvido para coletar dados dos entrevistados. Métodos descritivos foram usados para analisar os dados, e a hipótese foi testada por meio de análise de regressão linear múltipla. As evidências do estudo indicam que as dimensões da marca têm um impacto estatisticamente significativo na construção e aumento da fidelidade do cliente para serviços bancários na Jordânia.À luz dos resultados, o estudo apresenta uma série de recomendações, a mais importante das quais é que os bancos comerciais na Jordânia devem aumentar a confiança do cliente em seus serviços bancários, aumentando o conhecimento da marca. A confiança é uma das dimensões mais importantes da marca que aumenta a satisfação do cliente e, como resultado, aumenta a lealdade. Além disso, os bancos devem reconhecer a importância das dimensões da marca, pois todas elas contribuem para construir e aumentar a fidelidade do cliente., Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar el impacto de la marca en la construcción y mejora de la lealtad del cliente para los servicios bancarios. La muestra del estudio consta de 400 encuestados que fueron seleccionados al azar entre clientes de bancos comerciales en Jordania durante el período de estudio. Se desarrolló un cuestionario para recopilar datos de los encuestados. Se utilizaron métodos descriptivos para analizar los datos y la hipótesis se probó mediante un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. La evidencia del estudio indica que las dimensiones de la marca tienen un impacto estadísticamente significativo en la construcción y mejora de la lealtad del cliente para los servicios bancarios en Jordania.A la luz de los resultados, el estudio presenta una serie de recomendaciones, la más destacada de las cuales es que los bancos comerciales de Jordania deberían aumentar la confianza de los clientes en sus servicios bancarios aumentando el conocimiento de la marca. La confianza es una de las dimensiones más importantes de la marca que aumenta la satisfacción del cliente y, como resultado, aumenta la lealtad. Además, los bancos deben reconocer la importancia de las dimensiones de la marca, ya que todas contribuyen a construir y mejorar la lealtad del cliente.

Corporate reputation is important for all types of banks across the world, despite these countries differing culturally. Building on an extended corporate reputation model, we identify the key drivers of customer-based reputation and sustainable customer satisfaction in two culturally different countries, namely China and Germany. We also consider two reputation dimensions—perceived competence and likeability—and their effects on the target construct. Empirical data from 625 German and 734 Chinese commercial bank customers allow us to estimate the corporate reputation model with the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method, and by substantiating the relationships by means of a necessary condition analysis (NCA) and a predictive power analysis. By comparing the two countries’ results, we identify their cultural differences. Overall, we confirm the model’s relevance for the two cultures, finding that banks’ perceived attractiveness is the most important driver of both cultures’ customer-perceived bank reputation. By means of an importance-performance map analysis, we identify a large overlap between the two cultures’ set of important constructs, likeability’s much greater importance in Germany, and the perceived quality construct’s relevance in both countries. We contribute to research and scientific knowledge about corporate reputation models by identifying the similarities in and differences between two countries’ markets with respect to the banking sector, all of which have implications for international banks’ management.

Purpose:  The study examines the financial performances of selected Public Sector Undertaking Banks (PSUB) and Private Sector Banks (PSB). Furthermore, this study examines banks' efficiency concerning various financial aspects such as stability, liquidity, and profitability and their impact on financial performance.   Theoretical framework:  Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the financial performance of commercial banks. But after the COVID pandemic, only a few studies were conducted on the performance of banks. However, there is still much to assess regarding the comparative financial performance of public and private sector banks in India.   Design/methodology/approach:  The study of financial performance of banks conducted on six PSUB and six PSB are selected based on advances as a percentage of deposits with the top three and bottom three banks from the PSUB and PSB. This research compares PSUB to PSB using a T-test for independent samples. The data is collected from secondary sources gathered from annual and RBI annual reports from 2017 to 2021.   Findings: Results from a comparison test show that, even though PSUB has made a lot of progress, they are still not performing up to the standard that PSB set. According to the report, PSB outperformed PSUB in the areas of CAR, NPA to NA, PPE, ROA, and liquid assets to total deposits concerning the CAMEL approach.   Research, Practical & Social implications:  Future studies can consider other indicators of CAMEL components, like the percentage of gross NPA, net profit margin, interest income to total funds, operating expenses to total funds, credit deposit ratio, cash to deposit ratio, and some other samples of banks, to assess the financial performance of banks.   Originality/value:  This research focuses on the financial performances of selected PSUBs and PSBs.  The findings of this scholarly article state that the performances of the PSBs are

Kenya witnessed the failure of several banks, such as Imperial Bank and Dubai Bank. The study examined the influence of debt restructuring strategy implementation on the performance of selected commercial banks in Kisumu, Kenya. The research was based on risk management theory. The research design used in this study was a descriptive survey. Kisumu City was chosen because it is one of the fastest-growing cities in Kenya, as it is endowed with natural resources and robust industries centered around the processing of agricultural products, whose contribution to the national economy is immense, making it an epicenter for business in East Africa. The research used 34 operational banks in Kisumu City as the target population for a five-year period from 2017 to 2021. The respondents consisted of 102 managers from the selected banks who were chosen via the purposive sampling method. To collect primary data, structured questionnaires were used. Both descriptive (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression analysis at a significance level of 0.05) were employed to analyze the quantitative data. Findings indicated that debtors are free to take out new loans in order to minimize their overall interest burden and that loan maturities may be extended in order to cut monthly payments. The study established that debt restructuring strategies had a significant positive effect on performance, with a correlation coefficient of 0.633 and an R2 of 0.401. Loan researchers concluded that loaning is considered the main bank operation, with over 70% of bank revenue emanating from loaning activities. The study recommended that commercial bank management should control the volume of credit and incorporate the collection strategy into its credit policy.

Asset quality compliance is relatively important; however, the banking sector has undergone major financial shocks due to compliance signals. With losses experienced among commercial banks, for instance, return on assets (ROA) dropped consistently from 29% to 24% in 2019 to 21% in 2020, hence the wrong signals. The decline in the number of assets and low deposits further magnified the challenge; this led to the closure of a number of banks, such as Chase Bank and Charterhouse Bank. Furthermore, a national bank was acquired by Kenya Commercial Bank due to inefficient assets. The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of asset quality compliance requirements on the financial performance of commercial banks listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange and hence determine the null hypothesis that asset quality compliance requirements have no significant effect on the financial performance of commercial banks listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. A mixed research design was applied to a population of 12 commercial banks listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange Kenya. This is comprised of causal research designs and longitudinal designs. The study employed a mixed research design and collected secondary data for a period of 5 years. The study found that asset quality requirements had a significance level of P<0.05, thus P = 0.0268, implying significance. The study concluded that assets have a significant impact on banks financial performance. The study recommends that commercial bank stakeholders should invest in assets since they lead to financial performance. The study may benefit a number of people, including bank management, the government, and future scholars.

Kenya witnessed the failure of several banks, such as Imperial Bank and Dubai Bank. The study examined the influence of debt restructuring strategy implementation on the performance of selected commercial banks in Kisumu, Kenya. The research was based on risk management theory. The research design used in this study was a descriptive survey. Kisumu City was chosen because it is one of the fastest-growing cities in Kenya, as it is endowed with natural resources and robust industries centered around the processing of agricultural products, whose contribution to the national economy is immense, making it an epicenter for business in East Africa. The research used 34 operational banks in Kisumu City as the target population for a five-year period from 2017 to 2021. The respondents consisted of 102 managers from the selected banks who were chosen via the purposive sampling method. To collect primary data, structured questionnaires were used. Both descriptive (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression analysis at a significance level of 0.05) were employed to analyze the quantitative data. Findings indicated that debtors are free to take out new loans in order to minimize their overall interest burden and that loan maturities may be extended in order to cut monthly payments. The study established that debt restructuring strategies had a significant positive effect on performance, with a correlation coefficient of 0.633 and an R2 of 0.401. Loan researchers concluded that loaning is considered the main bank operation, with over 70% of bank revenue emanating from loaning activities. The study recommended that commercial bank management should control the volume of credit and incorporate the collection strategy into its credit policy.

Asset quality compliance is relatively important; however, the banking sector has undergone major financial shocks due to compliance signals. With losses experienced among commercial banks, for instance, return on assets (ROA) dropped consistently from 29% to 24% in 2019 to 21% in 2020, hence the wrong signals. The decline in the number of assets and low deposits further magnified the challenge; this led to the closure of a number of banks, such as Chase Bank and Charterhouse Bank. Furthermore, a national bank was acquired by Kenya Commercial Bank due to inefficient assets. The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of asset quality compliance requirements on the financial performance of commercial banks listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange and hence determine the null hypothesis that asset quality compliance requirements have no significant effect on the financial performance of commercial banks listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. A mixed research design was applied to a population of 12 commercial banks listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange Kenya. This is comprised of causal research designs and longitudinal designs. The study employed a mixed research design and collected secondary data for a period of 5 years. The study found that asset quality requirements had a significance level of P<0.05, thus P = 0.0268, implying significance. The study concluded that assets have a significant impact on banks financial performance. The study recommends that commercial bank stakeholders should invest in assets since they lead to financial performance. The study may benefit a number of people, including bank management, the government, and future scholars.

The dynamics of change in the business environments catalysed by globalization, changing consumer preferences, and the whirlwind development of technology have exerted immense pressure on commercial banks to introduce new approaches to enter new markets and exploit existing ones. Market innovation has thus become a vital tool for survival and development. This study examined the influence of market innovation on the competitiveness of Commercial Banks in Kenya. The study was guided by the dynamic capability theory. The study utilized a positivist research philosophy. Descriptive and correlational research designs were used. The target population consisted of 175 directors and general managers of tier-one commercial banks in the following departments based in head office: Research and Development, Marketing and Communication, Customer Service, Credit, and Payments. Banks were classified into tiers through stratified sampling. Managers were classified into directors and general manager levels. Simple random sampling was then employed to select 122 respondents. Primary data was collected using closed and open-ended questionnaires. Reliability was tested by a pilot study done on Equity Bank. To ensure content validity, the research questionnaire was subjected to thorough examination with two university supervisors and two experts from the banking sector. The study adopted the Principal Component Analysis approach to test for construct validity. The study utilized descriptive and inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis included the use of frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation while inferential statistics employed correlation and regression analysis. Correlation was done using Pearson’s product moment while regression was conducted using simple linear regression. Data collected from open-ended questionnaires was analyzed using content analysis. Results were presented in the form of tables, graphs, and pie charts. The study findings reveal that market in

The dynamics of change in the business environments catalysed by globalization, changing consumer preferences, and the whirlwind development of technology have exerted immense pressure on commercial banks to introduce new approaches to enter new markets and exploit existing ones. Market innovation has thus become a vital tool for survival and development. This study examined the influence of market innovation on the competitiveness of Commercial Banks in Kenya. The study was guided by the dynamic capability theory. The study utilized a positivist research philosophy. Descriptive and correlational research designs were used. The target population consisted of 175 directors and general managers of tier-one commercial banks in the following departments based in head office: Research and Development, Marketing and Communication, Customer Service, Credit, and Payments. Banks were classified into tiers through stratified sampling. Managers were classified into directors and general manager levels. Simple random sampling was then employed to select 122 respondents. Primary data was collected using closed and open-ended questionnaires. Reliability was tested by a pilot study done on Equity Bank. To ensure content validity, the research questionnaire was subjected to thorough examination with two university supervisors and two experts from the banking sector. The study adopted the Principal Component Analysis approach to test for construct validity. The study utilized descriptive and inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis included the use of frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation while inferential statistics employed correlation and regression analysis. Correlation was done using Pearson’s product moment while regression was conducted using simple linear regression. Data collected from open-ended questionnaires was analyzed using content analysis. Results were presented in the form of tables, graphs, and pie charts. The study findings reveal that market in

The management of liquidity risk in commercial banks determines the banks' financial performance, which predominantly influences the quality of the loan portfolio and the nature of credit administration programs as a whole. By ensuring that liquidity risk is effectively managed, the primary objective of liquidity risk management is to generate a high-quality, stable, large, and growing flow of net interest income for banks. This objective is achieved by ensuring that banks can meet the needs of their customers. This study determined the effect of liquidity risk management on the financial performance of Kenyan commercial banks. The investigation was founded on the theory of liquidity management shiftability. The paradigm of Positivism served as the philosophical foundation for the investigation. The study incorporated both explanatory and longitudinal research designs into its methodology. The study's target population consisted of 32 Commercial Banks in Kenya. The study utilized panel data consisting of time series and cross-sectional data spanning a decade from 2010 to 2019. Using Eviews, descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected data, which was then presented in tables and figures. The study found out that Liquidity risk management had an insignificant negative relationship with ROE (F=0.583912, p<0.05) and ROA (F=2.770410, p<0.05). Arising from the study findings, it is observed that liquidity risk management has a negative effect on financial performance measure either in ROA or ROE, it is recommended that commercial banks should keep this parameter as minimum as possible so as not involve in loss making undertakings.

The dynamics of change in the business environment catalysed by globalization, changing consumer preferences, and a whirlwind of technological development have exerted immense pressure on commercial banks to introduce up-to-date products and services for sustainability. Product innovation has thus become a vital tool for survival and development. This study examined the influence of product innovation on the competitiveness of commercial banks in Kenya. The theory of creative destruction served as the study's guide. The study utilized a positivist research philosophy. Descriptive and correlational research designs were used. The target population consisted of 175 directors and general managers of Tier 1 commercial banks. Stratified and simple random sampling was then employed to select 122 respondents. Primary data was collected using closed and open-ended questionnaires. A pilot study was done on Equity Bank. To test validity, the study used content and construct validity. The study utilized descriptive and inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis included the use of frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation, while inferential statistics employed correlation and simple linear regression analysis. Data collected from open-ended questionnaires was analysed using content analysis. The results were presented in tables. The study found that product innovation had a positive and significant influence on the competitiveness of commercial banks in Kenya (t = 0.6.438, P = 0.000). The study thus recommends that commercial banks embrace product innovation as a tool to achieve competitiveness. Product innovation should be enhanced by carrying out regular surveys, seeking client views in the development of mobile and internet product innovations, and training clients on the usage of mobile and internet banking products before onboarding.

The dynamics of change in the business environment catalysed by globalization, changing consumer preferences, and a whirlwind of technological development have exerted immense pressure on commercial banks to introduce up-to-date products and services for sustainability. Product innovation has thus become a vital tool for survival and development. This study examined the influence of product innovation on the competitiveness of commercial banks in Kenya. The theory of creative destruction served as the study's guide. The study utilized a positivist research philosophy. Descriptive and correlational research designs were used. The target population consisted of 175 directors and general managers of Tier 1 commercial banks. Stratified and simple random sampling was then employed to select 122 respondents. Primary data was collected using closed and open-ended questionnaires. A pilot study was done on Equity Bank. To test validity, the study used content and construct validity. The study utilized descriptive and inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis included the use of frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation, while inferential statistics employed correlation and simple linear regression analysis. Data collected from open-ended questionnaires was analysed using content analysis. The results were presented in tables. The study found that product innovation had a positive and significant influence on the competitiveness of commercial banks in Kenya (t = 0.6.438, P = 0.000). The study thus recommends that commercial banks embrace product innovation as a tool to achieve competitiveness. Product innovation should be enhanced by carrying out regular surveys, seeking client views in the development of mobile and internet product innovations, and training clients on the usage of mobile and internet banking products before onboarding.

This study investigates the effect of non-performing loans on the profitability of major commercial banks in Namibia for the period 2015 to 2020. In order to achieve this objective, pooled annual data for six commercial banks obtained from the banks’ financial statements was used to estimate panel regression models, fixed and random effects models. The results indicate that bank size and loan to assets ratio explains about 14% and 10% of the variation in a bank’s profitability as measured by return on assets. The null hypothesis of no significant relationship between NPL and ROA was not rejected, meaning that non-performing loans have no effect on the profitability of commercial banks in Namibia. This implies that there is a need for commercial banks to transform more deposits into loans in order for them to increase interest-bearing assets. The study findings stress the need for commercial banks to transform more deposits into loans in order to increase interest-bearing assets. The positive effect of bank size on profitability suggests possible scale efficiency as a result of the expansion in bank size. The study further recommends that, banks must continue to closely monitor inflation to stabilise the economy. Commercial banks must show resilience to learn from recent experiences, demonstrate courage to tackle challenges and exploit opportunities embedded in tribulations experienced. The study further recommended that, the banks should further be committed to deliver monetary, price and financial stability

The dynamics of change in the business environments catalysed by globalization, changing consumer preferences, and the whirlwind development of technology have exerted immense pressure on commercial banks to introduce new approaches to enter new markets and exploit existing ones. Market innovation has thus become a vital tool for survival and development. This study examined the influence of market innovation on the competitiveness of Commercial Banks in Kenya. The study was guided by the dynamic capability theory. The study utilized a positivist research philosophy. Descriptive and correlational research designs were used. The target population consisted of 175 directors and general managers of tier-one commercial banks in the following departments based in head office: Research and Development, Marketing and Communication, Customer Service, Credit, and Payments. Banks were classified into tiers through stratified sampling. Managers were classified into directors and general manager levels. Simple random sampling was then employed to select 122 respondents. Primary data was collected using closed and open-ended questionnaires. Reliability was tested by a pilot study done on Equity Bank. To ensure content validity, the research questionnaire was subjected to thorough examination with two university supervisors and two experts from the banking sector. The study adopted the Principal Component Analysis approach to test for construct validity. The study utilized descriptive and inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis included the use of frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation while inferential statistics employed correlation and regression analysis. Correlation was done using Pearson’s product moment while regression was conducted using simple linear regression. Data collected from open-ended questionnaires was analyzed using content analysis. Results were presented in the form of tables, graphs, and pie charts. The study findings reveal that market in

The management of liquidity risk in commercial banks determines the banks' financial performance, which predominantly influences the quality of the loan portfolio and the nature of credit administration programs as a whole. By ensuring that liquidity risk is effectively managed, the primary objective of liquidity risk management is to generate a high-quality, stable, large, and growing flow of net interest income for banks. This objective is achieved by ensuring that banks can meet the needs of their customers. This study determined the effect of liquidity risk management on the financial performance of Kenyan commercial banks. The investigation was founded on the theory of liquidity management shiftability. The paradigm of Positivism served as the philosophical foundation for the investigation. The study incorporated both explanatory and longitudinal research designs into its methodology. The study's target population consisted of 32 Commercial Banks in Kenya. The study utilized panel data consisting of time series and cross-sectional data spanning a decade from 2010 to 2019. Using Eviews, descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected data, which was then presented in tables and figures. The study found out that Liquidity risk management had an insignificant negative relationship with ROE (F=0.583912, p<0.05) and ROA (F=2.770410, p<0.05). Arising from the study findings, it is observed that liquidity risk management has a negative effect on financial performance measure either in ROA or ROE, it is recommended that commercial banks should keep this parameter as minimum as possible so as not involve in loss making undertakings.

The dynamics of change in the business environment catalysed by globalization, changing consumer preferences, and a whirlwind of technological development have exerted immense pressure on commercial banks to introduce up-to-date products and services for sustainability. Product innovation has thus become a vital tool for survival and development. This study examined the influence of product innovation on the competitiveness of commercial banks in Kenya. The theory of creative destruction served as the study's guide. The study utilized a positivist research philosophy. Descriptive and correlational research designs were used. The target population consisted of 175 directors and general managers of Tier 1 commercial banks. Stratified and simple random sampling was then employed to select 122 respondents. Primary data was collected using closed and open-ended questionnaires. A pilot study was done on Equity Bank. To test validity, the study used content and construct validity. The study utilized descriptive and inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis included the use of frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation, while inferential statistics employed correlation and simple linear regression analysis. Data collected from open-ended questionnaires was analysed using content analysis. The results were presented in tables. The study found that product innovation had a positive and significant influence on the competitiveness of commercial banks in Kenya (t = 0.6.438, P = 0.000). The study thus recommends that commercial banks embrace product innovation as a tool to achieve competitiveness. Product innovation should be enhanced by carrying out regular surveys, seeking client views in the development of mobile and internet product innovations, and training clients on the usage of mobile and internet banking products before onboarding.

This study investigates the effect of non-performing loans on the profitability of major commercial banks in Namibia for the period 2015 to 2020. In order to achieve this objective, pooled annual data for six commercial banks obtained from the banks’ financial statements was used to estimate panel regression models, fixed and random effects models. The results indicate that bank size and loan to assets ratio explains about 14% and 10% of the variation in a bank’s profitability as measured by return on assets. The null hypothesis of no significant relationship between NPL and ROA was not rejected, meaning that non-performing loans have no effect on the profitability of commercial banks in Namibia. This implies that there is a need for commercial banks to transform more deposits into loans in order for them to increase interest-bearing assets. The study findings stress the need for commercial banks to transform more deposits into loans in order to increase interest-bearing assets. The positive effect of bank size on profitability suggests possible scale efficiency as a result of the expansion in bank size. The study further recommends that, banks must continue to closely monitor inflation to stabilise the economy. Commercial banks must show resilience to learn from recent experiences, demonstrate courage to tackle challenges and exploit opportunities embedded in tribulations experienced. The study further recommended that, the banks should further be committed to deliver monetary, price and financial stability

The Profitability and financial viability of banking and non-banking financial institutions are directly related to the quality of loans and advances and the recovery performance of the institution. Multiple factors determine the performance of the financial institutions, visà- vis capital structure, type of borrowings, quality and quantity of information systems, nature of the investment, asset and liability management practices, skills and commitment of officials, nature of rules and regulations governing the operations of business enterprises and so on. Despite of various regulatory mechanisms by the Reserve Bank of India, a range of direct and indirect factors leads to abnormalities in working of the financial institutions. One such anomaly arises due to inadequate credit risk evaluation and management practices of FIs. The negative consequences of it have a strong bearing on the financial health of the business. Loans and advances constitute more than 80 percent of the asset size of the FIs. Early detection and containment of non-performing assets at its initial stage are the critical components of rigorous/sound NPA management system.

The Profitability and financial viability of banking and non-banking financial institutions are directly related to the quality of loans and advances and the recovery performance of the institution. Multiple factors determine the performance of the financial institutions, visà- vis capital structure, type of borrowings, quality and quantity of information systems, nature of the investment, asset and liability management practices, skills and commitment of officials, nature of rules and regulations governing the operations of business enterprises and so on. Despite of various regulatory mechanisms by the Reserve Bank of India, a range of direct and indirect factors leads to abnormalities in working of the financial institutions. One such anomaly arises due to inadequate credit risk evaluation and management practices of FIs. The negative consequences of it have a strong bearing on the financial health of the business. Loans and advances constitute more than 80 percent of the asset size of the FIs. Early detection and containment of non-performing assets at its initial stage are the critical components of rigorous/sound NPA management system.

This is a study that would analyze the attitude of investors towards selected scheduled commercial banks with respect to Bangalore City. The researcher aimed to assess visitor perceptions of Bangalore's scheduled commercial banks. The researcher investigated both primary and secondary data to do this. To collect primary data, a questionnaire was used. Secondary information was acquired from bank websites. The primary data was obtained from 150 commercial bank customers in Bangalore using a convenience sample method. The respondents were drawn from ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Canara Bank, Karnataka Bank, and Corporation Bank. A total of 24 questioners were distributed to each bank. This research is being carried out primarily to establish investor perceptions of certain scheduled commercial banks. According to the study's findings, the majority of respondents opened bank accounts in order to obtain loans, receive compensation from their jobs, and for purposes other than investing.

Effective distribution channel strategy selection, application, and management does not only help to meet the shopping needs and habits of the target customers efficiently under the cost restraints of the seller; they must also lessen the drawbacks caused by distribution channel conflicts such as double downgrading. This study evaluated the effect of distribution channel strategies on the performance of commercial banks in Nigeria.  The objective of the study specifically was to identify the distribution channel strategies adopted by commercial banks in Nigeria and to determine the effect of the distribution channel strategies adopted on the performance of the bank. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study was 43 management staff of five commercial banks operating in Nigeria. Questionnaire was used as the tool for data collection. The data was analyzed and presented using percentages, mean and standard deviation.  The study found that the branch network, electronic banking and multiple distributions were used by the banks. Marketing strategies being employed by the banks were aggressive marketing, mass marketing and value marketing, the study further found that the adopted distribution channel strategies have a significant effect on the performance of the banks. It was recommended among other things that; commercial banks should adopt those marketing distribution strategies that ensure the performance of the bank is improved and do away with those which adds costs so that the banks can compete effectively with the others and that they should embrace the concept whole heartedly by adopting electronic banking as already the battle for the banks is technology usage which should be one which offers customers more features.