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13,508 results on '"Canada)"'

1. Absence of 3a0 charge density wave order in the infinite-layer nickelate NdNiO2

Author: Department of Energy (US), Canada Foundation for Innovation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, National Research Council of Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Government of Saskatchewan, University of Saskatchewan, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (US), National Science Foundation (US), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Cornell University, David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Parzyck, Christopher T. [0000-0002-3835-7115], Gupta, Naman K. [0000-0001-8749-4610], Luo, Aileen [0000-0002-0036-5312], Sutarto, Ronny [0000-0002-1969-3690], He, Feizhou [0000-0002-3125-1406], Herranz, Gervasi [0000-0003-4633-4367], Singer, Andrej [0000-0002-2965-9242], Schlom, Darrell G. [0000-0003-2493-6113], Hawthorn, David G. [0000-0002-7002-0416], Shen, Kyle M. [0000-0001-6976-3434], Parzyck, Christopher T., Gupta, Naman K., Wu, Y, Anil, V, Bhatt, L, Bouliane, M, Gong, R, Gregory, B Z, Luo, Aileen, Sutarto, Ronny, He, Feizhou, Chuang, Y-D, Zhou, T, Herranz, Gervasi, Kourkoutis, L F, Singer, Andrej, Schlom, Darrell G., Hawthorn, David G., Shen, Kyle M., Department of Energy (US), Canada Foundation for Innovation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, National Research Council of Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Government of Saskatchewan, University of Saskatchewan, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (US), National Science Foundation (US), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Cornell University, David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Parzyck, Christopher T. [0000-0002-3835-7115], Gupta, Naman K. [0000-0001-8749-4610], Luo, Aileen [0000-0002-0036-5312], Sutarto, Ronny [0000-0002-1969-3690], He, Feizhou [0000-0002-3125-1406], Herranz, Gervasi [0000-0003-4633-4367], Singer, Andrej [0000-0002-2965-9242], Schlom, Darrell G. [0000-0003-2493-6113], Hawthorn, David G. [0000-0002-7002-0416], Shen, Kyle M. [0000-0001-6976-3434], Parzyck, Christopher T., Gupta, Naman K., Wu, Y, Anil, V, Bhatt, L, Bouliane, M, Gong, R, Gregory, B Z, Luo, Aileen, Sutarto, Ronny, He, Feizhou, Chuang, Y-D, Zhou, T, Herranz, Gervasi, Kourkoutis, L F, Singer, Andrej, Schlom, Darrell G., Hawthorn, David G., and Shen, Kyle M.
Abstract: A hallmark of many unconventional superconductors is the presence of many-body interactions that give rise to broken-symmetry states intertwined with superconductivity. Recent resonant soft X-ray scattering experiments report commensurate 3a0 charge density wave order in infinite-layer nickelates, which has important implications regarding the universal interplay between charge order and superconductivity in both cuprates and nickelates. Here we present X-ray scattering and spectroscopy measurements on a series of NdNiO2+x samples, which reveal that the signatures of charge density wave order are absent in fully reduced, single-phase NdNiO2. The 3a0 superlattice peak instead originates from a partially reduced impurity phase where excess apical oxygens form ordered rows with three-unit-cell periodicity. The absence of any observable charge density wave order in NdNiO2 highlights a crucial difference between the phase diagrams of cuprate and nickelate superconductors.
Published: 2024

2. Global fine-resolution data on springtail abundance and community structure

Author: Russian Science Foundation, Leipzig University, German Research Foundation, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Carl Tryggers Foundation, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Australian Research Council, National Science Foundation (US), American Association of University Women, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Ministry of Innovation and Technology (Hungary), National Natural Science Foundation of China, South African National Antarctic Programme, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Estonian Science Foundation, Government of Canada, St. John's University, Ministére de l'Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France), Latvian Council of Science, Massey University, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Royal Society Te Apārangi, Slovak Research and Development Agency, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Natural Resources Canada, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Nanyang Technological University, Potapov, Anton [0000-0002-4456-1710], Striuchkova, Anastasia V. [0000-0002-6666-5844], Alatalo, Juha M. [0000-0001-5084-850X], Arbea, Javier I. [0000-0001-6122-1331], Babenko, Anatoly [0000-0002-6077-0619], Barnes, Andrew D. [0000-0002-6499-381X], Bellini, Bruno C. [0000-0001-7881-9436], Bernava, Verónica [0000-0002-7654-7913], Bokhorst, Stef [0000-0003-0184-1162], Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela [0000-0002-5405-5221], Chauvat, Matthieu [0000-0002-4831-5904], Chomel, Mathilde [0000-0001-5110-2355], Chown, Steven L. [0000-0001-6069-5105], Classen, Aimme T. [0000-0002-6741-3470], de Lima, Estevam C. A. [0000-0002-1680-4818], Doblas-Miranda, E. [0000-0003-3366-2759], Drescher. Jochen [0000-0002-5162-9779], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Ferlian, Olga [0000-0002-2536-7592], Filser, Juliane [0000-0003-1535-6168], Franken, Oscar [0000-0001-8361-3117], Greve, Michelle [0000-0002-6229-8506], Holmstrup, Martin [0000-0001-8395-6582], Homet, Pablo [0000-0002-4285-6953], Høye, Toke T. [0000-0001-5387-3284], Janion-Scheepers, C. [0000-0001-5942-7912], Jochum, Malte [0000-0002-8728-1145], Jucevica, Edite [0000-0002-0710-9450], Kapinga, Esther M. [0000-0002-2454-6820], Kovac, L'ubomír [0000-0001-8194-2128], Krab, Eveline J. [0000-0001-8262-0198], Henning Krogh, Paul [0000-0003-2033-553X], Lindo, Zoë [0000-0001-9942-7204], Lu, Jing-Zhong [0000-0002-4051-8993], Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J. [0000-0001-5679-0951], Mawan, Amanda [0000-0003-1820-7432], Moreno Mateos, D. [0000-0002-1539-5848], Negri, Ilaria [0000-0001-5188-1408], Nielsen, Uffe N. [0000-0003-2400-7453], Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl [0000-0002-1839-6926], Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I. [0000-0002-9010-481X], Palacios-Vargas, José [0000-0001-9097-6813], Pollierer, Melani M. [0000-0002-1498-2362], Potapov, Mikhail B. [0000-0002-6111-3354], Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz [0000-0002-5178-4445], Raymond-Léonard, Laura J. [0000-0002-7324-7843], Saifutdinov, Ruslan [0000-0002-8878-3630], Sayer, Emma J. [0000-0002-3322-4487], Seeber, Julia [0000-0003-0189-7377], Shveenkova, Yulia B. [0000-0003-1887-8551], Slade, Eleanor M. [0000-0002-6108-1196], Sterzynska, Maria [0000-0001-9712-4285], Sun, Xin [0000-0002-3988-7847], Taskaeva, Anastasia A. [0000-0002-4519-8458], Thakur, Madhav P. [0000-0001-9426-1313], Tsiafouli, Maria A. [0000-0003-0203-8347], Twala, Mthokozisi N. [0000-0001-6499-1892], Winck, Bruna [0000-0002-7996-9855], Winkler, Daniel E.[0000-0002-6008-0562], Yin, Rui [0000-0002-4580-1317], Zeppelini, Douglas [0000-0002-9026-1129], Scheu, Stefan [0000-0003-4350-9520], Potapov, Anton, Chen, Ting-Wen, Striuchkova, Anastasia V., Alatalo, Juha M., Alexandre, Douglas, Arbea, Javier I., Ashton, Thomas, Ashwood, Frank, Babenko, Anatoly, Bandyopadhyaya, Ipsa, Duarte Maluche Baretta, Carolina R., Joimel, Sophie, Jorge, Bruna Claudia S., Jucevica, Edite, Kapinga, Esther M., Kovac, L'ubomír, Krab, Eveline J., Henning Krogh, Paul, Kuu, Annely, Kuznetsova, Natalia A., Lam Weng, Ngai, Russell, David J., Lin, Dunmei, Lindo, Zoë, Liu, Amy, Lu, Jing-Zhong, Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J., Marx, Michael T., Mawan, Amanda, McCary, Matthew A., Minor, María A., Mitchell, Grace I., Saifutdinov, Ruslan, Moreno Mateos, D., Nakamori, Taizo, Negri, Ilaria, Nielsen, Uffe N., Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I., Palacios-Vargas, José, Pollierer, Melani M., Ponge, Jean-François, Potapov, Mikhail B., Salmon, Sandrine, Querner, Pascal, Rai, Bibishan, Raschmanová, Natália, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Raymond-Léonard, Laura J., Reis, Aline S., Ross, Giles M., Rousseau, Laurent, Santoja, Mathieu, Saraeva, Anna K., Sayer, Emma J., Scheunemann, Nicole, Scholz, Cornelia, Seeber, Julia, Shaw, Peter, Baretta, Dilmar, Shveenkova, Yulia B., Slade, Eleanor M., Stebaeva, Sophya K., Sterzynska, Maria, Sun, Xin, Susanti, Winda I., Taskaeva, Anastasia A., Tay, Li Si, Thakur, Madhav P., Treasure, Anne M., Barnes, Andrew D., Tsiafouli, Maria A., Twala, Mthokozisi N., Uvarov, Alexei V., Vernier, Lisa A., Widenfalk, Lina A., Widyastuti, Rahayu, Winck, Bruna, Winkler, Daniel E., Wu, Donghui, Xie, Zhijing, Bellini, Bruno C., Yin, Rui, Zampaulo, Robson A., Zeppelini, Douglas, Zhang, Bing, Zoughailech, Abdelmalek, Ashford, Oliver, Klauberg-Filho, Osmar, Scheu, Stefan, Bendjaballah, Mohamed, Berg, Matty P., Bernava, Verónica, Bokhorst, Stef, Bokova, Anna I., Bolger, Thomas, Bouchard, Mathieu, Brito, Roniere A., Buchori, Damayanti, Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela, Chauvat, Matthieu, Chomel, Mathilde, Chow, Yasuko, Chown, Steven L., Classen, Aimme T., Cortet, Jérôme, Čuchta, Peter, Pedrosa, Ana M. de la, de Lima, Estevam C. A., Deharveng, Louis, Doblas-Miranda, E., Drescher. Jochen, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ellers, J., Ferlian, Olga, Ferreira, Susana S. D., Ferreira, Alisa S., Fiera, Cristina, Filser, Juliane, Franken, Oscar, Fujii, S., Gagnon Koudji, Essivi, Gao, Meixiang, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gers. Charles, Greve, Michelle, Hamra-Kroua, Salah, Tanya Handa, Ira, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Heiniger, Charlène, Hishi, Takuo, Holmstrup, Martin, Homet, Pablo, Høye, Toke T., Ivask, Mari, Jacques, Bob, Janion-Scheepers, C., Jochum, Malte, Russian Science Foundation, Leipzig University, German Research Foundation, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Carl Tryggers Foundation, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Australian Research Council, National Science Foundation (US), American Association of University Women, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Ministry of Innovation and Technology (Hungary), National Natural Science Foundation of China, South African National Antarctic Programme, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Estonian Science Foundation, Government of Canada, St. John's University, Ministére de l'Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France), Latvian Council of Science, Massey University, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Royal Society Te Apārangi, Slovak Research and Development Agency, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Natural Resources Canada, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Nanyang Technological University, Potapov, Anton [0000-0002-4456-1710], Striuchkova, Anastasia V. [0000-0002-6666-5844], Alatalo, Juha M. [0000-0001-5084-850X], Arbea, Javier I. [0000-0001-6122-1331], Babenko, Anatoly [0000-0002-6077-0619], Barnes, Andrew D. [0000-0002-6499-381X], Bellini, Bruno C. [0000-0001-7881-9436], Bernava, Verónica [0000-0002-7654-7913], Bokhorst, Stef [0000-0003-0184-1162], Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela [0000-0002-5405-5221], Chauvat, Matthieu [0000-0002-4831-5904], Chomel, Mathilde [0000-0001-5110-2355], Chown, Steven L. [0000-0001-6069-5105], Classen, Aimme T. [0000-0002-6741-3470], de Lima, Estevam C. A. [0000-0002-1680-4818], Doblas-Miranda, E. [0000-0003-3366-2759], Drescher. Jochen [0000-0002-5162-9779], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Ferlian, Olga [0000-0002-2536-7592], Filser, Juliane [0000-0003-1535-6168], Franken, Oscar [0000-0001-8361-3117], Greve, Michelle [0000-0002-6229-8506], Holmstrup, Martin [0000-0001-8395-6582], Homet, Pablo [0000-0002-4285-6953], Høye, Toke T. [0000-0001-5387-3284], Janion-Scheepers, C. [0000-0001-5942-7912], Jochum, Malte [0000-0002-8728-1145], Jucevica, Edite [0000-0002-0710-9450], Kapinga, Esther M. [0000-0002-2454-6820], Kovac, L'ubomír [0000-0001-8194-2128], Krab, Eveline J. [0000-0001-8262-0198], Henning Krogh, Paul [0000-0003-2033-553X], Lindo, Zoë [0000-0001-9942-7204], Lu, Jing-Zhong [0000-0002-4051-8993], Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J. [0000-0001-5679-0951], Mawan, Amanda [0000-0003-1820-7432], Moreno Mateos, D. [0000-0002-1539-5848], Negri, Ilaria [0000-0001-5188-1408], Nielsen, Uffe N. [0000-0003-2400-7453], Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl [0000-0002-1839-6926], Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I. [0000-0002-9010-481X], Palacios-Vargas, José [0000-0001-9097-6813], Pollierer, Melani M. [0000-0002-1498-2362], Potapov, Mikhail B. [0000-0002-6111-3354], Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz [0000-0002-5178-4445], Raymond-Léonard, Laura J. [0000-0002-7324-7843], Saifutdinov, Ruslan [0000-0002-8878-3630], Sayer, Emma J. [0000-0002-3322-4487], Seeber, Julia [0000-0003-0189-7377], Shveenkova, Yulia B. [0000-0003-1887-8551], Slade, Eleanor M. [0000-0002-6108-1196], Sterzynska, Maria [0000-0001-9712-4285], Sun, Xin [0000-0002-3988-7847], Taskaeva, Anastasia A. [0000-0002-4519-8458], Thakur, Madhav P. [0000-0001-9426-1313], Tsiafouli, Maria A. [0000-0003-0203-8347], Twala, Mthokozisi N. [0000-0001-6499-1892], Winck, Bruna [0000-0002-7996-9855], Winkler, Daniel E.[0000-0002-6008-0562], Yin, Rui [0000-0002-4580-1317], Zeppelini, Douglas [0000-0002-9026-1129], Scheu, Stefan [0000-0003-4350-9520], Potapov, Anton, Chen, Ting-Wen, Striuchkova, Anastasia V., Alatalo, Juha M., Alexandre, Douglas, Arbea, Javier I., Ashton, Thomas, Ashwood, Frank, Babenko, Anatoly, Bandyopadhyaya, Ipsa, Duarte Maluche Baretta, Carolina R., Joimel, Sophie, Jorge, Bruna Claudia S., Jucevica, Edite, Kapinga, Esther M., Kovac, L'ubomír, Krab, Eveline J., Henning Krogh, Paul, Kuu, Annely, Kuznetsova, Natalia A., Lam Weng, Ngai, Russell, David J., Lin, Dunmei, Lindo, Zoë, Liu, Amy, Lu, Jing-Zhong, Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J., Marx, Michael T., Mawan, Amanda, McCary, Matthew A., Minor, María A., Mitchell, Grace I., Saifutdinov, Ruslan, Moreno Mateos, D., Nakamori, Taizo, Negri, Ilaria, Nielsen, Uffe N., Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I., Palacios-Vargas, José, Pollierer, Melani M., Ponge, Jean-François, Potapov, Mikhail B., Salmon, Sandrine, Querner, Pascal, Rai, Bibishan, Raschmanová, Natália, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Raymond-Léonard, Laura J., Reis, Aline S., Ross, Giles M., Rousseau, Laurent, Santoja, Mathieu, Saraeva, Anna K., Sayer, Emma J., Scheunemann, Nicole, Scholz, Cornelia, Seeber, Julia, Shaw, Peter, Baretta, Dilmar, Shveenkova, Yulia B., Slade, Eleanor M., Stebaeva, Sophya K., Sterzynska, Maria, Sun, Xin, Susanti, Winda I., Taskaeva, Anastasia A., Tay, Li Si, Thakur, Madhav P., Treasure, Anne M., Barnes, Andrew D., Tsiafouli, Maria A., Twala, Mthokozisi N., Uvarov, Alexei V., Vernier, Lisa A., Widenfalk, Lina A., Widyastuti, Rahayu, Winck, Bruna, Winkler, Daniel E., Wu, Donghui, Xie, Zhijing, Bellini, Bruno C., Yin, Rui, Zampaulo, Robson A., Zeppelini, Douglas, Zhang, Bing, Zoughailech, Abdelmalek, Ashford, Oliver, Klauberg-Filho, Osmar, Scheu, Stefan, Bendjaballah, Mohamed, Berg, Matty P., Bernava, Verónica, Bokhorst, Stef, Bokova, Anna I., Bolger, Thomas, Bouchard, Mathieu, Brito, Roniere A., Buchori, Damayanti, Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela, Chauvat, Matthieu, Chomel, Mathilde, Chow, Yasuko, Chown, Steven L., Classen, Aimme T., Cortet, Jérôme, Čuchta, Peter, Pedrosa, Ana M. de la, de Lima, Estevam C. A., Deharveng, Louis, Doblas-Miranda, E., Drescher. Jochen, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ellers, J., Ferlian, Olga, Ferreira, Susana S. D., Ferreira, Alisa S., Fiera, Cristina, Filser, Juliane, Franken, Oscar, Fujii, S., Gagnon Koudji, Essivi, Gao, Meixiang, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gers. Charles, Greve, Michelle, Hamra-Kroua, Salah, Tanya Handa, Ira, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Heiniger, Charlène, Hishi, Takuo, Holmstrup, Martin, Homet, Pablo, Høye, Toke T., Ivask, Mari, Jacques, Bob, Janion-Scheepers, C., and Jochum, Malte
Abstract: Springtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised. Despite covering all continents, most of the sample-level data come from the European continent (82.5% of all samples) and represent four habitats: woodlands (57.4%), grasslands (14.0%), agrosystems (13.7%) and scrublands (9.0%). We included sampling by soil layers, and across seasons and years, representing temporal and spatial within-site variation in springtail communities. We also provided data use and sharing guidelines and R code to facilitate the use of the database by other researchers. This data paper describes a static version of the database at the publication date, but the database will be further expanded to include underrepresented regions and linked with trait data.
Published: 2024

3. Identification of constrained sequence elements across 239 primate genomes

Author: Natural Environment Research Council (UK), UK Research and Innovation, National Human Genome Research Institute (US), Fundación la Caixa, Vienna Science and Technology Fund, European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), German Research Foundation, Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs, Wenner-Gren Foundation, Leakey Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), National Geographic Society, National Institute on Aging (US), Swedish Research Council, National Research Foundation Singapore, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Kuderna, Lukas F. K. [0000-0002-9992-9295], Kuhlwilm, Martin [0000-0002-0115-1797], Valenzuela, Alejandro [0000-0001-6120-6246], Juan, David [0000-0003-1912-9667], Lizano, Esther [0000-0003-3304-9807], Navarro, Arcadi [0000-0003-2162-8246], Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs [0000-0002-5597-3075], Kuderna, Lukas F. K., Ulirsch, Jacob C., Rashid, Sabrina, Ameen, Mohamed, Sundaram, Laksshman, Hickey, Glenn, Cox, Anthony J., Gao, Hong, Kumar, Arvind, Aguet, Francois, Christmas, Matthew J., Clawson, Hiram, Haeussler, Maximilian, Janiak, Mareike C., Kuhlwilm, Martin, Orkin, Joseph D., Bataillon, Thomas, Manu, Shivakumara, Valenzuela, Alejandro, Bergman, Juraj, Rousselle, Marjolaine, Silva, Felipe Ennes, Agueda, Lidia, Blanc, Julie, Gut, Marta, Vries, Dorien de, Goodhead, Ian, Harris, R. Alan, Raveendran, Muthuswamy, Jensen, Axel, Chuma, Idriss S., Horvath, Julie E., Hvilsom, Christina, Juan, David, Frandsen, Peter, Schraiber, Joshua G., Melo, Fabiano R. de, Bertuol, Fabrício, Byrne, Hazel, Sampaio, Iracilda, Farias, Izeni, Valsecchi, João, Messias, Malu, Silva, Maria N. F. da, Trivedi, Mihir, Rossi, Rogerio, Hrbek, Tomas, Andriaholinirina, Nicole, Rabarivola, Clément J., Zaramody, Alphonse, Jolly, Clifford J., Phillips-Conroy, Jane, Wilkerson, Gregory, Abee, Christian, Simmons, Joe H., Fernandez-Duque, Eduardo, Kanthaswamy, Sree, Shiferaw, Fekadu, Wu, Dongdong, Zhou, Long, Shao, Yong, Zhang, Guojie, Keyyu, Julius D., Knauf, Sascha, Le, Minh D., Lizano, Esther, Merker, Stefan, Navarro, Arcadi, Nadler, Tilo, Khor, Chiea Chuen, Lee, Jessica, Tan, Patrick, Lim, Weng Khong, Kitchener, Andrew C., Zinner, Dietmar, Gut, Ivo, Melin, Amanda D., Guschanski, Katerina, Schierup, Mikkel Heide, Beck, Robin M. D., Karakikes, Ioannis, Wang, Kevin C., Umapathy, Govindhaswamy, Roos, Christian, Boubli, Jean P., Siepel, Adam, Kundaje, Anshul, Paten, Benedict, Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin, Rogers, Jeffrey, Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs, Farh, Kyle Kai-How, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), UK Research and Innovation, National Human Genome Research Institute (US), Fundación la Caixa, Vienna Science and Technology Fund, European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), German Research Foundation, Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs, Wenner-Gren Foundation, Leakey Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), National Geographic Society, National Institute on Aging (US), Swedish Research Council, National Research Foundation Singapore, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Kuderna, Lukas F. K. [0000-0002-9992-9295], Kuhlwilm, Martin [0000-0002-0115-1797], Valenzuela, Alejandro [0000-0001-6120-6246], Juan, David [0000-0003-1912-9667], Lizano, Esther [0000-0003-3304-9807], Navarro, Arcadi [0000-0003-2162-8246], Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs [0000-0002-5597-3075], Kuderna, Lukas F. K., Ulirsch, Jacob C., Rashid, Sabrina, Ameen, Mohamed, Sundaram, Laksshman, Hickey, Glenn, Cox, Anthony J., Gao, Hong, Kumar, Arvind, Aguet, Francois, Christmas, Matthew J., Clawson, Hiram, Haeussler, Maximilian, Janiak, Mareike C., Kuhlwilm, Martin, Orkin, Joseph D., Bataillon, Thomas, Manu, Shivakumara, Valenzuela, Alejandro, Bergman, Juraj, Rousselle, Marjolaine, Silva, Felipe Ennes, Agueda, Lidia, Blanc, Julie, Gut, Marta, Vries, Dorien de, Goodhead, Ian, Harris, R. Alan, Raveendran, Muthuswamy, Jensen, Axel, Chuma, Idriss S., Horvath, Julie E., Hvilsom, Christina, Juan, David, Frandsen, Peter, Schraiber, Joshua G., Melo, Fabiano R. de, Bertuol, Fabrício, Byrne, Hazel, Sampaio, Iracilda, Farias, Izeni, Valsecchi, João, Messias, Malu, Silva, Maria N. F. da, Trivedi, Mihir, Rossi, Rogerio, Hrbek, Tomas, Andriaholinirina, Nicole, Rabarivola, Clément J., Zaramody, Alphonse, Jolly, Clifford J., Phillips-Conroy, Jane, Wilkerson, Gregory, Abee, Christian, Simmons, Joe H., Fernandez-Duque, Eduardo, Kanthaswamy, Sree, Shiferaw, Fekadu, Wu, Dongdong, Zhou, Long, Shao, Yong, Zhang, Guojie, Keyyu, Julius D., Knauf, Sascha, Le, Minh D., Lizano, Esther, Merker, Stefan, Navarro, Arcadi, Nadler, Tilo, Khor, Chiea Chuen, Lee, Jessica, Tan, Patrick, Lim, Weng Khong, Kitchener, Andrew C., Zinner, Dietmar, Gut, Ivo, Melin, Amanda D., Guschanski, Katerina, Schierup, Mikkel Heide, Beck, Robin M. D., Karakikes, Ioannis, Wang, Kevin C., Umapathy, Govindhaswamy, Roos, Christian, Boubli, Jean P., Siepel, Adam, Kundaje, Anshul, Paten, Benedict, Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin, Rogers, Jeffrey, Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs, and Farh, Kyle Kai-How
Abstract: Noncoding DNA is central to our understanding of human gene regulation and complex diseases1,2, and measuring the evolutionary sequence constraint can establish the functional relevance of putative regulatory elements in the human genome3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Identifying the genomic elements that have become constrained specifically in primates has been hampered by the faster evolution of noncoding DNA compared to protein-coding DNA10, the relatively short timescales separating primate species11, and the previously limited availability of whole-genome sequences12. Here we construct a whole-genome alignment of 239 species, representing nearly half of all extant species in the primate order. Using this resource, we identified human regulatory elements that are under selective constraint across primates and other mammals at a 5% false discovery rate. We detected 111,318 DNase I hypersensitivity sites and 267,410 transcription factor binding sites that are constrained specifically in primates but not across other placental mammals and validate their cis-regulatory effects on gene expression. These regulatory elements are enriched for human genetic variants that affect gene expression and complex traits and diseases. Our results highlight the important role of recent evolution in regulatory sequence elements differentiating primates, including humans, from other placental mammals.
Published: 2024

4. Using non-traditional methodology to evaluate the influence of commercial operations on Great Slave Lake Trout, Salvelinus namaycush

Author: Walker, David (Environment and Geography), Tallman, Ross (Fisheries and Oceans Canada), Howland, Kimberly, Gillis, Darren, Chymy, Hailey, Walker, David (Environment and Geography), Tallman, Ross (Fisheries and Oceans Canada), Howland, Kimberly, Gillis, Darren, and Chymy, Hailey
Abstract: Multiple surveys have taken place on Great Slave Lake with the aim of collecting data on fish populations to achieve sustainable management, however, a lack of consistency and lake coverage from these investigations’ limits data useability. Misinterpretations of data collected in early research likely contributed to the collapse of the Lake Trout, Salvelinus namaycush, stocks shortly after the commercial fishery began. The limited abundance indices available for Lake Trout, further complicated by inconsistent management areas and recording methods, prevents the incorporation of all available data into a conventional stock assessment model. Therefore, CMSY++, the most recent version of the data-limited, surplus production model, CMSY, was applied to assess the status of Great Slave Lake Trout populations. The results generated in this assessment predict that Lake Trout stocks in all current commercially fished regions are overfished, with combined Lake Trout and Lake Whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, quotas above estimated Lake Trout maximum sustainable yields. My findings indicate Lake Trout commercial harvest in recent years has surpassed the estimated maximum sustainable yield for the stock in some management areas. Inferences from modeling catch-time series of varied lengths suggest ~50 years of catch data should be sufficient for reference point estimation for these Lake Trout populations, as longer time series did not decrease uncertainty. The management areas with the most commercial harvest (Areas IW & IE) reveal the greatest uncertainty associated with biomass estimates, suggesting more data is required to better understand the current state of the stocks and any increases to quotas should not occur until this is done. Conclusions of my research support those suggested over 50 years ago; Lake Trout and Lake Whitefish, should be managed through separate commercial quotas to achieve sustainable management for these populations.
Published: 2024

5. Seasonal estuary use of beluga whales

Author: Ehn, Jens (Environment and Geography), Ferguson, Steven (Fisheries and Oceans Canada), Watt, Cortney, Roth, James, Belanger, Amanda, Ehn, Jens (Environment and Geography), Ferguson, Steven (Fisheries and Oceans Canada), Watt, Cortney, Roth, James, and Belanger, Amanda
Abstract: Beluga whales are year-round residents of the Arctic and top predators in the ecosystem. Many beluga whale populations are migratory and spend winters in polynyas and breaks in the ice to avoid entrapment. Once the ice in begins to break up and melt, beluga whale populations migrate to the same Arctic estuaries year after year. Possible uses of estuaries include feeding, aiding in skin sloughing, protection of calves from predators, and other warm water benefits. However, much is still unknown about the use of these habitats both spatially and ecologically. I investigated estuary use by Cumberland Sound beluga whales, through their distribution. Their summering area covers northern fiords of Cumberland Sound, including Clearwater Fiord where there is a large estuary. While the whales are known the frequent the fiords, the specific distribution and core areas were unknown. Using very high resolution satellite imagery, I established critical habitat within the summering region. I also provided an updated estuary abundance estimate for this small beluga whale population. Second, I explored estuary use of Hudson Bay beluga whales by investigating the primary feeding season. Migratory species often have one season where they eat the majority of their food for the year and build fat reserves, which provides energy and supports thermoregulation. This fat can be used to investigate feeding ecology of whales. Despite being the largest beluga population, fundamental ecological knowledge of Hudson Bay beluga whales, such as the primary feeding season is unknown. I used lipid content and adipocyte size throughout the blubber of Hudson Bay beluga whales to identify when they were consuming the majority of their food. I determined that there was no consistent primary feeding season, and therefore both summering and wintering areas were used for feeding. By exploring the beluga whales’ use of seasonal habitat through distribution and foraging ecology, my thesis illuminates fundame
Published: 2024

6. Closed-form expressions for computing flexoelectric coefficients in textured polycrystalline dielectrics

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Mecánica de Medios Continuos y Teoría de Estructuras, Universidad de Sevilla. TEP245: Ingeniería de las Estructuras, Junta de Andalucía, European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Buroni, Julieta L., Melnik, Roderick V. Nicholas, Rodríguez de Tembleque Solano, Luis, Sáez Pérez, Andrés, Buroni Cuneo, Federico Carlos, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Mecánica de Medios Continuos y Teoría de Estructuras, Universidad de Sevilla. TEP245: Ingeniería de las Estructuras, Junta de Andalucía, European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Buroni, Julieta L., Melnik, Roderick V. Nicholas, Rodríguez de Tembleque Solano, Luis, Sáez Pérez, Andrés, and Buroni Cuneo, Federico Carlos
Abstract: The volume average of the constituting properties of a textured polycrystalline aggregate (the Voigt average) provides a simple way to estimate the effective properties of such an aggregate in terms of its crystallographic symmetry, texture symmetry, and the properties of the constituting crystallites. Despite the interest in estimate or characterizing flexoelectric properties, few studies have addressed the problem of finding effective flexoelectric properties from the continuum phases of the constituents. Instead, most of them focus on single-crystals at the atomic level. This study provides, for the first time, closed-form expressions that allow the direct flexoelectric coefficients to be computed for textured polycrystalline dielectrics. Crystallites can belong to any class of cubic symmetry or to the tetragonal TI Laue group, while no restriction is imposed on texture symmetry. These expressions are reduced to very simple ones when cubic crystallites with fiber texture are considered. The proposed formulation provides information on the matrix structure of the homogenized material related to the crystallographic symmetry and texture. We close with some illustrative examples.
Published: 2024

7. Méthodologie et recherche interdisciplinaire. Retour d’expérience :« L’influence de l’ornementation des visualisations de données sur la construction de sens des utilisateurs »

Author: 91ème Congrès de l'ACFAS - Colloque n°33 La méthodologie en recherche :un soutien à la créativité et à l’innovation (Ottawa, Canada), Andry, Tiffany, 91ème Congrès de l'ACFAS - Colloque n°33 La méthodologie en recherche :un soutien à la créativité et à l’innovation (Ottawa, Canada), and Andry, Tiffany
Abstract: info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Published: 2024

8. Un environnement capacitant: une nécessité pour pérenniser des dispositifs pédagogiques innovants. Recherche qualitative descriptive dans l'enseignement supérieur en Belgique

Author: 91ème Congrès de l'Acfas. Colloque 626 :Soutien au développement professionnel des enseignants en sciences de la santé :retours d’expériences, recherches et innovations dans les pays francophones (626: 13-17 mai 2024: Ottawa, Canada), Lecocq, Dan, Kirkove, Delphine, D'Ans, Pierre, Petre, Benoît B., Foucart, Jennifer, Mahieu, Céline, 91ème Congrès de l'Acfas. Colloque 626 :Soutien au développement professionnel des enseignants en sciences de la santé :retours d’expériences, recherches et innovations dans les pays francophones (626: 13-17 mai 2024: Ottawa, Canada), Lecocq, Dan, Kirkove, Delphine, D'Ans, Pierre, Petre, Benoît B., Foucart, Jennifer, and Mahieu, Céline
Abstract: info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Published: 2024

9. The effect of thermal stress on whole-body metabolic rate and cellular stress response in the truncate softshell clam, Mya truncata

Author: Detwiler, Jillian (Biological Sciences), Niemi, Andrea (Fisheries and Ocean Canada), Anderson, Gary, Miller, Linh, Detwiler, Jillian (Biological Sciences), Niemi, Andrea (Fisheries and Ocean Canada), Anderson, Gary, and Miller, Linh
Abstract: Rising global temperatures associated with climate change have led to various responses and consequences across aquatic ectotherms. At the whole-body level, temperature governs all physiological and biochemical processes, and an increase in temperature is normally positively correlated to the aerobic respiration rate of an organism. However, at a critical sub-lethal temperature (Tcrit), most organisms are unable to supply sufficient oxygen to meet demand of the tissues, leading to a reliance on anaerobic metabolism. At the cellular level, the heat shock response (HSR) is a primary mechanism driving differences in thermal tolerances of ectotherms through the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs). At a species-specific onset temperature (Ton) when the HSR is activated, there is increased production of HSPs that is positively correlated with temperature but will reach a maximum capacity (Tpeak). Thus, Tpeak for HSP induction can be one metric used to understand thermal tolerance of a given species. Importantly, the HSR is energetically costly as energy demand increases under a thermal stress event, which leads to a further increase in oxygen consumption. This study aimed to examine the effects of increasing temperature on whole-body metabolic rate and mRNA transcript abundance in truncate softshell clam, Mya truncata. We acutely exposed clams from the Northern (Iqaluit, Nunavut) and Southern (Godbout, Quebec) populations to one of six temperature treatments (10, 13, 16, 19, and 22 ℃, and a control group at 7 ℃) for 2 hours and measured whole-body metabolic rate and transcript abundance of key molecular markers of the HSR. Our findings indicated temperature influenced both oxygen consumption and the transcript abundance of thermal stress-related genes. Although there was no statistical significance, a noticeable trend of increasing oxygen consumption with rising temperatures was observed. The impact of temperature on the HSR was clearly reflected in alterations in the
Published: 2024

10. Isotopic and petrologic constraints on intracontinental deformation and metamorphism, Churchill Province, Nunavut

Author: Bohm, Christian (Earth Sciences), Oliver, Derek (Electrical and Computer Engineering), Gibson, Dan (Simon Fraser University), Pehrsson, Sally (Geological Survey of Canada), Camacho, Alfredo, Anderson, Scott, Drayson, Derek, Bohm, Christian (Earth Sciences), Oliver, Derek (Electrical and Computer Engineering), Gibson, Dan (Simon Fraser University), Pehrsson, Sally (Geological Survey of Canada), Camacho, Alfredo, Anderson, Scott, and Drayson, Derek
Abstract: The Canadian Churchill Province was the locus of repeated, regional reworking in the Paleoproterozoic associated with five major orogenic events that ultimately resulted in the formation of Earth’s first supercontinent, Nuna. Tectonic models for the Archean and Paleoproterozoic evolution of the Churchill Province have been formulated at the broadest scale, and consequently, the timing, nature and regional extent of deformation and metamorphism associated with these collisional events are poorly constrained. In this thesis, the metamorphic and deformation histories of two relatively unexplored regions in Nunavut were characterized in order to contribute to the understanding of the processes that reworked the boundaries and interior of the Churchill Province during development of Nuna. Aeromagnetic data and geological mapping on Boothia Peninsula, Nunavut, revealed the presence of a ~165 km long, 5-10 km wide high-strain zone, named the Sanagak Lake shear zone (SLsz), that marks the transition from dominantly N-trending Thelon-related structures in the north to SW-trending Trans-Hudson-related structures in the south. Field, microstructural, petrologic and isotopic data indicated that the SLsz is a south-dipping, strike-slip (sinistral) shear zone that formed in the mid-crust (~ 0.52 GPa) at 1804 ± 6 Ma. The timing, geometry and kinematics of high-strain deformation is consistent with north-directed compression associated with far-field stresses derived from the Trans-Hudson orogeny, and marks the northern limit of Trans-Hudson related deformation. Geologic mapping, phase equilibria modelling, and multi-mineral geochronology coupled with previously collected petrological and isotopic data from the Baker Lake area outline four lithotectonic domains named the Woodburn Lake and Ketyet River groups, Quoich River domain, Kramanituar Complex and the Thirty Mile domain. Each of these domains experienced distinct pressure – temperature – time – deformation (P-T-t-d) histories
Published: 2024

11. Closed-form expressions for computing flexoelectric coefficients in textured polycrystalline dielectrics

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Mecánica de Medios Continuos y Teoría de Estructuras, Universidad de Sevilla. TEP245: Ingeniería de las Estructuras, Junta de Andalucía, European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Buroni, Julieta L., Melnik, Roderick V. Nicholas, Rodríguez de Tembleque Solano, Luis, Sáez Pérez, Andrés, Buroni Cuneo, Federico Carlos, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Mecánica de Medios Continuos y Teoría de Estructuras, Universidad de Sevilla. TEP245: Ingeniería de las Estructuras, Junta de Andalucía, European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Buroni, Julieta L., Melnik, Roderick V. Nicholas, Rodríguez de Tembleque Solano, Luis, Sáez Pérez, Andrés, and Buroni Cuneo, Federico Carlos
Abstract: The volume average of the constituting properties of a textured polycrystalline aggregate (the Voigt average) provides a simple way to estimate the effective properties of such an aggregate in terms of its crystallographic symmetry, texture symmetry, and the properties of the constituting crystallites. Despite the interest in estimate or characterizing flexoelectric properties, few studies have addressed the problem of finding effective flexoelectric properties from the continuum phases of the constituents. Instead, most of them focus on single-crystals at the atomic level. This study provides, for the first time, closed-form expressions that allow the direct flexoelectric coefficients to be computed for textured polycrystalline dielectrics. Crystallites can belong to any class of cubic symmetry or to the tetragonal TI Laue group, while no restriction is imposed on texture symmetry. These expressions are reduced to very simple ones when cubic crystallites with fiber texture are considered. The proposed formulation provides information on the matrix structure of the homogenized material related to the crystallographic symmetry and texture. We close with some illustrative examples.
Published: 2024

12. Custodians of creativity: ethical archiving of artists’ digital records

Author: Wall, Sharon (University of Winnipeg), Cuthbert, David (Library and Archives Canada), Keshavjee, Serena (University of Winnipeg), Bak, Greg, Roberts, Carly, Wall, Sharon (University of Winnipeg), Cuthbert, David (Library and Archives Canada), Keshavjee, Serena (University of Winnipeg), Bak, Greg, and Roberts, Carly
Abstract: The digital age has dramatically reshaped archival practices, requiring novel approaches to preserve and provide access to born digital materials. The opportunities and challenges of the digital age are not only technical, but also ethical. This thesis explores the ethical archiving of artists’ digital records through a case study of the records of Scott Leroux, whose digital archive was entrusted to the University of Manitoba Archives and Special Collections (UMASC). Leroux’s extensive digital footprint, spanning many devices and social media platforms, presented distinct challenges and opportunities in archival work. Ethical considerations in digital preservation are paramount, particularly regarding the management of sensitive content and intellectual property rights. By implementing technical strategies alongside participatory appraisal and arrangement strategies, within a larger feminist ethics of care framework, the integrity and relevance of Leroux’s records are maintained. My study underscores the pivotal role of metadata in making digital records discoverable and usable. Comprehensive metadata was crucial in offering context and ensuring appropriate access to Scott Leroux’s artistic legacy. This thesis promotes the adoption of feminist and decolonial approaches to digital archiving, highlighting the importance of community engagement and radical empathy in archival work.
Published: 2024

13. sp2-Iminosugar Azobenzene O-glycosides: Light-sensitive Glycosidase Inhibitors with Unprecedented Tunability and Switching Factors

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Química orgánica, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Universidad de Sevilla, Rivero Barbarroja, Gonzalo, Padilla Pérez, María del Carmen, Maisonneuve, Stéphane, García Moreno, M. Isabel, Tiet, Ben, Vocadlo, David J., Xie, Juan, García Fernández, José M., Ortiz Mellet, Carmen, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Química orgánica, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Universidad de Sevilla, Rivero Barbarroja, Gonzalo, Padilla Pérez, María del Carmen, Maisonneuve, Stéphane, García Moreno, M. Isabel, Tiet, Ben, Vocadlo, David J., Xie, Juan, García Fernández, José M., and Ortiz Mellet, Carmen
Published: 2024

14. Tentatives de régulation d’une niche immobilière profitant des failles réglementaires : le cas du coliving bruxellois

Author: Conférence internationale du CRACH. Logement :crises partout, justice nulle part !(13-15 juin 2024: Montréal, Canada), Casier, Charlotte, Conférence internationale du CRACH. Logement :crises partout, justice nulle part !(13-15 juin 2024: Montréal, Canada), and Casier, Charlotte
Abstract: info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Published: 2024

15. Advances in spatial‐temporal coastal and marine ecosystem modeling using Ecospace

Author: European Commission, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (US), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Mutsert, Kim de, Coll, Marta, Steenbeek, Jeroen, Ainsworth, Cameron, Buszowski, Joe, Chagaris, David, Christensen, Villy, Heymans, Sheila J.J., Lewis, Kristy A., Libralato, Simone, Oldford, Greig, Piroddi, Chiara, Romagnoni, Giovanni, Serpetti, Natalia, Spence, Michael A., Walters, Carl J., European Commission, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (US), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Mutsert, Kim de, Coll, Marta, Steenbeek, Jeroen, Ainsworth, Cameron, Buszowski, Joe, Chagaris, David, Christensen, Villy, Heymans, Sheila J.J., Lewis, Kristy A., Libralato, Simone, Oldford, Greig, Piroddi, Chiara, Romagnoni, Giovanni, Serpetti, Natalia, Spence, Michael A., and Walters, Carl J.
Abstract: The advancement of ecosystem-based management of aquatic ecosystems should no longer be limited by a lack of tools. However, a lack of comprehensive understanding of the capabilities of existing tools can form a barrier for uptake. With this chapter, we strive to more fully describe one of these tools, the spatial-temporal ecosystem model Ecospace, which is part of the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) ecosystem modeling approach and software. Changes and developments in Ecospace have been faster than documented in recent years. Many features of Ecospace, including the most recent that have not been described before, are detailed in this chapter. The applications highlighted showcase the multitude of uses of the spatial application of EwE, which, especially due to expansion of the capabilities to incorporate the effects of environmental change, has facilitated its use outside of fisheries management to protection of biodiversity, ecosystem restoration and environmental impact assessment. New applications of Ecospace can truly contribute to advance modeling of cumulative impacts and management alternatives in marine ecosystems, and can be of interest to inform sectoral and intersectoral policy
Published: 2024

16. Contextually appropriate nurse staffing models: A realist review protocol

Author: Verplegingswetenschap, Cancer, JC onderzoeksprogramma Methodologie, ReSoNANCE (Realist Synthesis of Nursing in Australia Netherlands Canada and England), Verplegingswetenschap, Cancer, JC onderzoeksprogramma Methodologie, and ReSoNANCE (Realist Synthesis of Nursing in Australia Netherlands Canada and England)
Published: 2024

17. Seasonal estuary use of beluga whales

Author: Ehn, Jens (Environment and Geography), Ferguson, Steven (Fisheries and Oceans Canada), Watt, Cortney, Roth, James, Belanger, Amanda, Ehn, Jens (Environment and Geography), Ferguson, Steven (Fisheries and Oceans Canada), Watt, Cortney, Roth, James, and Belanger, Amanda
Abstract: Beluga whales are year-round residents of the Arctic and top predators in the ecosystem. Many beluga whale populations are migratory and spend winters in polynyas and breaks in the ice to avoid entrapment. Once the ice in begins to break up and melt, beluga whale populations migrate to the same Arctic estuaries year after year. Possible uses of estuaries include feeding, aiding in skin sloughing, protection of calves from predators, and other warm water benefits. However, much is still unknown about the use of these habitats both spatially and ecologically. I investigated estuary use by Cumberland Sound beluga whales, through their distribution. Their summering area covers northern fiords of Cumberland Sound, including Clearwater Fiord where there is a large estuary. While the whales are known the frequent the fiords, the specific distribution and core areas were unknown. Using very high resolution satellite imagery, I established critical habitat within the summering region. I also provided an updated estuary abundance estimate for this small beluga whale population. Second, I explored estuary use of Hudson Bay beluga whales by investigating the primary feeding season. Migratory species often have one season where they eat the majority of their food for the year and build fat reserves, which provides energy and supports thermoregulation. This fat can be used to investigate feeding ecology of whales. Despite being the largest beluga population, fundamental ecological knowledge of Hudson Bay beluga whales, such as the primary feeding season is unknown. I used lipid content and adipocyte size throughout the blubber of Hudson Bay beluga whales to identify when they were consuming the majority of their food. I determined that there was no consistent primary feeding season, and therefore both summering and wintering areas were used for feeding. By exploring the beluga whales’ use of seasonal habitat through distribution and foraging ecology, my thesis illuminates fundame
Published: 2024

18. Using non-traditional methodology to evaluate the influence of commercial operations on Great Slave Lake Trout, Salvelinus namaycush

Author: Walker, David (Environment and Geography), Tallman, Ross (Fisheries and Oceans Canada), Howland, Kimberly, Gillis, Darren, Chymy, Hailey, Walker, David (Environment and Geography), Tallman, Ross (Fisheries and Oceans Canada), Howland, Kimberly, Gillis, Darren, and Chymy, Hailey
Abstract: Multiple surveys have taken place on Great Slave Lake with the aim of collecting data on fish populations to achieve sustainable management, however, a lack of consistency and lake coverage from these investigations’ limits data useability. Misinterpretations of data collected in early research likely contributed to the collapse of the Lake Trout, Salvelinus namaycush, stocks shortly after the commercial fishery began. The limited abundance indices available for Lake Trout, further complicated by inconsistent management areas and recording methods, prevents the incorporation of all available data into a conventional stock assessment model. Therefore, CMSY++, the most recent version of the data-limited, surplus production model, CMSY, was applied to assess the status of Great Slave Lake Trout populations. The results generated in this assessment predict that Lake Trout stocks in all current commercially fished regions are overfished, with combined Lake Trout and Lake Whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, quotas above estimated Lake Trout maximum sustainable yields. My findings indicate Lake Trout commercial harvest in recent years has surpassed the estimated maximum sustainable yield for the stock in some management areas. Inferences from modeling catch-time series of varied lengths suggest ~50 years of catch data should be sufficient for reference point estimation for these Lake Trout populations, as longer time series did not decrease uncertainty. The management areas with the most commercial harvest (Areas IW & IE) reveal the greatest uncertainty associated with biomass estimates, suggesting more data is required to better understand the current state of the stocks and any increases to quotas should not occur until this is done. Conclusions of my research support those suggested over 50 years ago; Lake Trout and Lake Whitefish, should be managed through separate commercial quotas to achieve sustainable management for these populations.
Published: 2024

19. Controls on Quaternary geochemical and mineralogical variability in the Koora Basin and South Kenya Rift

Author: National Science Foundation (US), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Research Grants Council (Hong Kong), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Owen, R. Bernhart, Rabideaux, Nathan, Bright, Jordon, Rosca, Carolina, Renaut, Robin W., Potts, Richard, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Deino, Alan L., Cohen, Andrew S., Muiruri, Veronica, Dommain, René, National Science Foundation (US), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Research Grants Council (Hong Kong), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Owen, R. Bernhart, Rabideaux, Nathan, Bright, Jordon, Rosca, Carolina, Renaut, Robin W., Potts, Richard, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Deino, Alan L., Cohen, Andrew S., Muiruri, Veronica, and Dommain, René
Abstract: The South Kenya Rift is comprised of a series of N-S-oriented grabens with sediments that preserve an approximate one-million-year environmental history that reflects the interplay of climate, tectonism and volcanism. This study attempts to disentangle the relative roles of these major controls by comparing the geochemical records preserved in three sedimentary basins. The study focuses on the Koora Basin using bulk geochemical data in a 139-m-long core. This record is then compared with geochemical data and environmental histories from a 196-m-long core at Magadi and outcrops in the Olorgesailie Basin. Four climatic phases (1000–850; 850–470; 470–400; 400–0 ka) are recognised at Koora, which can also be distinguished in the Magadi and Olorgesailie Basins. However, inter-basin contrasts also suggest that additional, non-climatic factors influenced these geochemical histories, particularly during four intervals. These include 1) the Magadi Transition (MT; ∼770–700 ka), 2) the Magadi Tectonic Event (MTE; ∼540 ka), 3) the Koora Instability Period (KIP; ∼325–180 ka), and 4) the Trona Precipitation Period (TPP; ∼105–0 ka). Prior to the MT, Zr/TiO, La/Lu, Mo, As, V and Na/Ca in Magadi and Koora cores were similar but afterwards diverged. Major reductions in transition metals at Magadi during the MTE reflect tectonically-induced cross-rift drainage diversion. This contrasts with the Koora and Olorgesailie basins where these metals were constant from ∼1000 to 300 ka. The KIP represents a significant increase in volcanic inputs to the Koora Basin and increased geochemical variability. Bromine (Br), which reflects peralkaline volcanic activity and/or evaporative concentration, is elevated during the KIP at Koora but is below detection limits in the rest of the Koora core. Br in the Magadi core does not correlate with that in the Koora record, suggesting contrasting accumulation processes. The TPP represents a phase of trona precipitation at Magadi but not at Koora. This diffe
Published: 2024

20. Biosignature Detection and MinION Sequencing of Antarctic Cryptoendoliths After Exposure to Mars Simulation Conditions

Author: Canadian Space Agency, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Universidades (España), NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Maggiori, Catherine, Fernández Martínez, Miguel Ángel, Bourdages, Louis-Jacques, Sánchez-García, Laura, Moreno-Paz, Mercedes, Sobrado, Jesús Manuel, Carrizo, Daniel, Vicente-Retortillo, Álvaro, Goordial, J., Whyte, Lyle, Canadian Space Agency, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Universidades (España), NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Maggiori, Catherine, Fernández Martínez, Miguel Ángel, Bourdages, Louis-Jacques, Sánchez-García, Laura, Moreno-Paz, Mercedes, Sobrado, Jesús Manuel, Carrizo, Daniel, Vicente-Retortillo, Álvaro, Goordial, J., and Whyte, Lyle
Abstract: In the search for life in our Solar System, Mars remains a promising target based on its proximity and similarity to Earth. When Mars transitioned from a warmer, wetter climate to its current dry and freezing conditions, any putative extant life probably retreated into habitable refugia such as the subsurface or the interior of rocks. Terrestrial cryptoendolithic microorganisms (i.e., those inhabiting rock interiors) thus represent possible modern-day Mars analogs, particularly those from the hyperarid McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica. As DNA is a strong definitive biosignature, given that there is no known abiotic chemistry that can polymerize nucleobases, we investigated DNA detection with MinION sequencing in Antarctic cryptoendoliths after an ∼58-sol exposure in MARTE, a Mars environmental chamber capable of simulating martian temperature, pressure, humidity, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and atmospheric composition, in conjunction with protein and lipid detection. The MARTE conditions resulted in changes in community composition and DNA, proteins, and cell membrane-derived lipids remained detectable postexposure. Of the multitude of extreme environmental conditions on Mars, UV radiation (specifically UVC) is the most destructive to both cells and DNA. As such, we further investigated if a UVC exposure corresponding to ∼278 martian years would impede DNA detection via MinION sequencing. The MinION was able to successfully detect and sequence DNA after this UVC radiation exposure, suggesting its utility for life detection in future astrobiology missions focused on finding relatively recently exposed biomarkers inside possible martian refugia.
Published: 2024

21. Morpho-Anatomy, In Vitro Culture, and Phylogenetic Studies of Two Helicotylenchus Species from Southern Alberta, Canada

Author: Results Driven Agriculture Research (Canada), Potato Growers of Alberta, McCain Foods, Cavendish Farms, Lamb Weston, Munawar, Maria, Konschuh, Michele, Castillo, Pablo, Yevtushenko, Dmytro P., Results Driven Agriculture Research (Canada), Potato Growers of Alberta, McCain Foods, Cavendish Farms, Lamb Weston, Munawar, Maria, Konschuh, Michele, Castillo, Pablo, and Yevtushenko, Dmytro P.
Abstract: Spiral nematodes (Helicotylenchus spp.) are polyphagous parasitic species exhibiting a broad host range and geographical distribution. However, their diversity in the cultivated regions of southern Alberta remains understudied. Hence, we conducted a comprehensive survey of the region’s arable lands for the presence of spiral nematodes and revealed two Helicotylenchus species, H. crassatus and H. oscephalus. H. crassatus consisted of two distinct morphotypes: one morphotype had a conoid tail with slight ventral projection on the distal end, whereas the other had a broadly rounded tail. This study presents the first documentation of H. crassatus and H. oscephalus from southern Alberta, Canada. Molecular characterization was based on the partial 18S rRNA, the D2–D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS rRNA, and COI gene sequences, complemented by detailed morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy. In this work, Helicotylenchus species were often co-detected with root lesion nematodes, which made the evaluation of their role in crop damage more difficult. To meet the requirements for threshold and pathogenicity assessments, we introduced both spiral nematode species to sterile carrot disks and evaluated the feasibility of their multiplication and mass production in vitro. The present findings expand the taxonomic records of Helicotylenchus spp. and improve diagnostics of these morphologically similar species. Furthermore, our in vitro culture technique will provide a reliable source of the initial inoculum for future plant–nematode interaction studies.
Published: 2024

22. Observing change in pelagic animals as sampling methods shift: the case of Antarctic krill

Author: World Wildlife Fund, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), National Science Foundation (US), European Commission, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía (Chile), Korea Polar Research Institute, Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (South Korea), Helmholtz Association, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, University of Tasmania, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Hill, Simeon L., Atkinson, Angus, Arata, Javier A., Belcher, Anna, Bengtson Nash, Susan, Bernard, Kim S., Cleary, Alison, Conroy, John A., Driscoll, Ryan, Fielding, Sophie, Flores, Hauke, Forcada, Jaume, Halfter, Svenja, Hinke, Jefferson T., Hückstädt, Luis, Johnston, Nadine M., Kane, Mary, Kawaguchi, So, Krafft, Bjørn A., Krüger, Lucas, La, Hyoung Sul, Liszka, Cecilia M., Meyer, Bettina, Murphy, Eugene J., Pakhomov, Evgeny A., Perry, Frances, Piñones, Andrea, Polito, Michael J., Reid, Keith, Reiss, Christian, Rombola, Emilce, Saunders, Ryan A., Schmidt, Katrin, Sylvester, Zephyr T., Takahashi, Akinori, Tarling, Geraint A., Trathan, Phil N., Veytia, Devi, Watters, George M., Xavier, José C., Yang, Guang, World Wildlife Fund, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), National Science Foundation (US), European Commission, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía (Chile), Korea Polar Research Institute, Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (South Korea), Helmholtz Association, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, University of Tasmania, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Hill, Simeon L., Atkinson, Angus, Arata, Javier A., Belcher, Anna, Bengtson Nash, Susan, Bernard, Kim S., Cleary, Alison, Conroy, John A., Driscoll, Ryan, Fielding, Sophie, Flores, Hauke, Forcada, Jaume, Halfter, Svenja, Hinke, Jefferson T., Hückstädt, Luis, Johnston, Nadine M., Kane, Mary, Kawaguchi, So, Krafft, Bjørn A., Krüger, Lucas, La, Hyoung Sul, Liszka, Cecilia M., Meyer, Bettina, Murphy, Eugene J., Pakhomov, Evgeny A., Perry, Frances, Piñones, Andrea, Polito, Michael J., Reid, Keith, Reiss, Christian, Rombola, Emilce, Saunders, Ryan A., Schmidt, Katrin, Sylvester, Zephyr T., Takahashi, Akinori, Tarling, Geraint A., Trathan, Phil N., Veytia, Devi, Watters, George M., Xavier, José C., and Yang, Guang
Abstract: Understanding and managing the response of marine ecosystems to human pressures including climate change requires reliable large-scale and multi-decadal information on the state of key populations. These populations include the pelagic animals that support ecosystem services including carbon export and fisheries. The use of research vessels to collect information using scientific nets and acoustics is being replaced with technologies such as autonomous moorings, gliders, and meta-genetics. Paradoxically, these newer methods sample pelagic populations at ever-smaller spatial scales, and ecological change might go undetected in the time needed to build up large-scale, long time series. These global-scale issues are epitomised by Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), which is concentrated in rapidly warming areas, exports substantial quantities of carbon and supports an expanding fishery, but opinion is divided on how resilient their stocks are to climatic change. Based on a workshop of 137 krill experts we identify the challenges of observing climate change impacts with shifting sampling methods and suggest three tractable solutions. These are to: improve overlap and calibration of new with traditional methods; improve communication to harmonise, link and scale up the capacity of new but localised sampling programs; and expand opportunities from other research platforms and data sources, including the fishing industry. Contrasting evidence for both change and stability in krill stocks illustrates how the risks of false negative and false positive diagnoses of change are related to the temporal and spatial scale of sampling. Given the uncertainty about how krill are responding to rapid warming we recommend a shift towards a fishery management approach that prioritises monitoring of stock status and can adapt to variability and change.
Published: 2024

23. Implications of dietary carbon incorporation in fish carbonates for the global carbon cycle

Author: National Science Foundation (US), Miami University, National Research Council of Canada, Campo, Javier del [0000-0002-5292-1421], Oehlert, Amanda M., Garza, Jazmin, Nixon, Sandy, Frank, LeeAnn, Folkerts, Erik J., Stieglitz, John D., Lu, Chaojin, Heuer, Rachael M., Benetti, Daniel D., Campo, Javier del, Gómez, Fabian A., Grosel, Martin, National Science Foundation (US), Miami University, National Research Council of Canada, Campo, Javier del [0000-0002-5292-1421], Oehlert, Amanda M., Garza, Jazmin, Nixon, Sandy, Frank, LeeAnn, Folkerts, Erik J., Stieglitz, John D., Lu, Chaojin, Heuer, Rachael M., Benetti, Daniel D., Campo, Javier del, Gómez, Fabian A., and Grosel, Martin
Abstract: Marine bony fish are important participants in Earth's carbon cycle through their contributions to the biological pump and the marine inorganic carbon cycle. However, uncertainties in the composition and magnitude of fish contributions preclude their integration into fully coupled carbon-climate models. Here, we consider recent upwards revisions to global fish biomass estimates (2.7–9.5X) and provide new stable carbon isotope measurements that show marine fish are prodigious producers of carbonate with unique composition. Assuming the median increase (4.17X) in fish biomass estimates is linearly reflected in fish carbonate (ichthyocarbonate) production rate, marine fish are estimated to produce between 1.43 and 3.99 Pg CaCO3 yr−1, but potentially as much as 9.03 Pg CaCO3 yr−1. Thus, marine fish carbonate production is equivalent to or potentially higher than contributions by coccolithophores or pelagic foraminifera. New stable carbon isotope analyses indicate that a significant proportion of ichthyocarbonate is derived from dietary carbon, rather than seawater dissolved inorganic carbon. Using a statistical mixing model to derive source contributions, we estimate ichthyocarbonate contains up to 81 % dietary carbon, with average compositions of 28–56 %, standing in contrast to contents <10 % in other biogenic carbonate minerals. Results also indicate ichthyocarbonate contains 5.5–40.4 % total organic carbon. When scaled to the median revised global production of ichthyocarbonate, an additional 0.08 to 1.61 Pg C yr−1 can potentially be added to estimates of fish contributions to the biological pump, significantly increasing marine fish contributions to total surface carbon export. Our integration of geochemical and physiological analyses identifies an overlooked link between carbonate production and the biological pump. Since ichthyocarbonate production is anticipated to increase with climate change scenarios, due to ocean warming and acidification, these results emph
Published: 2024

24. Electron stimulated desorption from condensed benzene

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Comunidad de Madrid, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Álvarez, Lidia, Bass, A.D., Lozano, Ana I., García-Abenza, Adrián, Limão-Vieira, P., Sanche, L., García, Gustavo, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Comunidad de Madrid, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Álvarez, Lidia, Bass, A.D., Lozano, Ana I., García-Abenza, Adrián, Limão-Vieira, P., Sanche, L., and García, Gustavo
Abstract: The electron induced dissociation of condensed benzene (CH) in thin films deposited on a Pt substrate is investigated by electron stimulated desorption (ESD) of anions and cations. The desorbed yields are recorded as a function of incident electron energy in the range of 10 to 950 eV for a fixed film thickness of 2 monolayers (ML) and for a fixed energy of 950 eV, as well as a function of film thickness from 0.5 to 8 monolayers (ML) for anions, and from 0.5 to 12ML for cations. Both energy and thickness dependencies are discussed in terms of the three main mechanisms yielding positively and/or negatively charged fragments: dissociative electron attachment (DEA), dipolar dissociation (DD) and dissociative ionization (DI) processes. At the probed energies, DD is the major mechanism, while DEA is predominantly induced by secondary electrons from the Pt substrate. Desorption of the parent positive ion is strongly suppressed. Similar qualitative behaviours are observed for the energy dependence of both anion and cation ESD yields, while some discrepancies exist in the thickness dependence, including a very significant systematic magnitude difference found between such ions formation. An estimation of the effective DD cross-section including the desorption probability is obtained. Feasible mechanisms behind the observed energy and thickness dependences for anion and cation yields are proposed. These results highlight the need for further investigations to better understand the underlying processes of electron induced dissociation in condensed matter.
Published: 2024

25. A far-ultraviolet-driven photoevaporation flow observed in a protoplanetary disk

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut Universitaire de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Canadian Space Agency, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, San Jose State University Research Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Royal Society (UK), United Arab Emirates University, National Natural Science Foundation of China, German Research Foundation, Department of Science and Technology (India), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy, Swedish Research Council, #NODATA#, Berné, Olivier, Habart, Emilie, Peeters, Els, Schroetter, Ilane, Canin, Amélie, Sidhu, Ameek, Chown, Ryan, Bron, Emeric, Haworth, Thomas J., Klaassen, Pamela, Trahin, Boris, Abergel, Alain, Wootten, Alwyn, Ysard, Nathalie, Zettergren, Henning, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Ziwei E., Zhen, Junfeng, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bera, Partha P., Cami, Jan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dartois, Emmanuel, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Joblin, Christine, Black, John H, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Le Gal, Romane, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Boulanger, Francois, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Simmer, Thomas, Tabone, Benoit, Tielens, Alexander G. G.M., Vicente, Sílvia, Wolfire, Mark G., Bouwman, Jordy, Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, Baruteau, Clément, Bejaoui, Salma, Brandl, Bernhard, Brechignac, Philippe, Brünken, Sandra, Buragohain, Mridusmita, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Le Petit, Franck, Cazaux, Stéphanie, Cernicharo, José, Chabot, Marin, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W. J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L J, Demyk, Karine, Li, Aigen, Meyer, Jennifer Donovan, Engrand, Cécile, Foschino, Sacha, García-Lario, Pedro, Gavilan, Lisseth, Gerin, Maryvonne, Godard, Marie, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Linz, Hendrik, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Jäger, Cornelia, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Mackie, Cameron J., Knight, Collin, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Álvaro, Lai, Thomas S.-Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joëlle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Morse, Jon A., Van De Putte, Dries, Mulas, Giacomo, Neelamkodan, Naslim, Ohsawa, Ryou, Paladini, Roberta, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, Pathak, Amit, Pendleton, Yvonne J., Petrignani, Annemieke, Pino, Thomas, Puga, Elena, Alarcón, Felipe, Rangwala, Naseem, Rapacioli, Mathias, Ricca, Alessandra, Roman-Duval, Julia, Roueff, Evelyne, Rouillé, Gaël, Salama, Farid, Sales, Dinalva A., Sandstrom, Karin, Sarre, Peter, Zannese, Marion, Sciamma-O'Brien, Ella, Sellgren, Kris, Shannon, Matthew J., Simonnin, Adrien, Shenoy, Sachindev S., Teyssier, David, Thomas, Richard D., Togi, Aditya, Verstraete, Laurent, Witt, Adolf N., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut Universitaire de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Canadian Space Agency, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, San Jose State University Research Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Royal Society (UK), United Arab Emirates University, National Natural Science Foundation of China, German Research Foundation, Department of Science and Technology (India), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy, Swedish Research Council, #NODATA#, Berné, Olivier, Habart, Emilie, Peeters, Els, Schroetter, Ilane, Canin, Amélie, Sidhu, Ameek, Chown, Ryan, Bron, Emeric, Haworth, Thomas J., Klaassen, Pamela, Trahin, Boris, Abergel, Alain, Wootten, Alwyn, Ysard, Nathalie, Zettergren, Henning, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Ziwei E., Zhen, Junfeng, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bera, Partha P., Cami, Jan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dartois, Emmanuel, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Joblin, Christine, Black, John H, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Le Gal, Romane, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Boulanger, Francois, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Simmer, Thomas, Tabone, Benoit, Tielens, Alexander G. G.M., Vicente, Sílvia, Wolfire, Mark G., Bouwman, Jordy, Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, Baruteau, Clément, Bejaoui, Salma, Brandl, Bernhard, Brechignac, Philippe, Brünken, Sandra, Buragohain, Mridusmita, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Le Petit, Franck, Cazaux, Stéphanie, Cernicharo, José, Chabot, Marin, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W. J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L J, Demyk, Karine, Li, Aigen, Meyer, Jennifer Donovan, Engrand, Cécile, Foschino, Sacha, García-Lario, Pedro, Gavilan, Lisseth, Gerin, Maryvonne, Godard, Marie, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Linz, Hendrik, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Jäger, Cornelia, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Mackie, Cameron J., Knight, Collin, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Álvaro, Lai, Thomas S.-Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joëlle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Morse, Jon A., Van De Putte, Dries, Mulas, Giacomo, Neelamkodan, Naslim, Ohsawa, Ryou, Paladini, Roberta, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, Pathak, Amit, Pendleton, Yvonne J., Petrignani, Annemieke, Pino, Thomas, Puga, Elena, Alarcón, Felipe, Rangwala, Naseem, Rapacioli, Mathias, Ricca, Alessandra, Roman-Duval, Julia, Roueff, Evelyne, Rouillé, Gaël, Salama, Farid, Sales, Dinalva A., Sandstrom, Karin, Sarre, Peter, Zannese, Marion, Sciamma-O'Brien, Ella, Sellgren, Kris, Shannon, Matthew J., Simonnin, Adrien, Shenoy, Sachindev S., Teyssier, David, Thomas, Richard D., Togi, Aditya, Verstraete, Laurent, and Witt, Adolf N.
Abstract: Most low-mass stars form in stellar clusters that also contain massive stars, which are sources of far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation. Theoretical models predict that this FUV radiation produces photodissociation regions (PDRs) on the surfaces of protoplanetary disks around low-mass stars, which affects planet formation within the disks. We report James Webb Space Telescope and Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations of a FUV-irradiated protoplanetary disk in the Orion Nebula. Emission lines are detected from the PDR; modeling their kinematics and excitation allowed us to constrain the physical conditions within the gas. We quantified the mass-loss rate induced by the FUV irradiation and found that it is sufficient to remove gas from the disk in less than a million years. This is rapid enough to affect giant planet formation in the disk.
Published: 2024

26. Key questions for understanding drivers of biodiversity-ecosystem service relationships across spatial scales

Author: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Felipe Lucía, María [0000-0003-1915-8169], Mitchell, Matthew G. E., Qiu, Jiangxiao, Cardinale, Bradley J., Chan, Kai M. A., Eigenbrod, Felix, Felipe Lucía, María, Jacob, Aerin L., Jones, Matthew S., Sonter, Laura J., Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Felipe Lucía, María [0000-0003-1915-8169], Mitchell, Matthew G. E., Qiu, Jiangxiao, Cardinale, Bradley J., Chan, Kai M. A., Eigenbrod, Felix, Felipe Lucía, María, Jacob, Aerin L., Jones, Matthew S., and Sonter, Laura J.
Abstract: [Context] Biodiversity loss is predicted to have significant impacts on ecosystem services based on previous ecological work at small spatial and temporal scales. However, scaling up understanding of biodiversity-ecosystem service (BES) relationships to broader scales is difficult since ecosystem services emerge from complex interactions between ecosystems, people, and technology., [Objectives] In order to inform and direct future BES research, identify and categorise the ecological and social-ecological drivers operating at different spatial scales that could strengthen or weaken BES relationships., [Methods] We developed a conceptual framework to understand the potential drivers across spatial scales that could affect BES relationships and then categorized these drivers to synthesize the current state of knowledge., [Results] Our conceptual framework identifies ecological/supply-side and social-ecological/demand-side drivers, and cross-scale interactions that influence BES relationships at different scales. Different combinations of these drivers in different contexts will lead to a variety of strengths, shape, and directionality in BES relationships across spatial scales., [Conclusions] We put forward four predictions about the spatial scales that the effects of biodiversity, ecosystem service management, ecosystem co-production, and abiotic linkages or effects will be most evident on BES relationships and use these to propose future directions to best advance BES research across scales.
Published: 2024

27. Calibrating ecosystem models to support ecosystem-based management of marine systems

Author: European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Bentley, Jacob W., Chagaris, David, Coll, Marta, Heymans, Johanna J., Serpetti, Natalia, Walters, Carl J., Christensen, Villy, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Bentley, Jacob W., Chagaris, David, Coll, Marta, Heymans, Johanna J., Serpetti, Natalia, Walters, Carl J., and Christensen, Villy
Abstract: Ecosystem models, such as Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE), provide a platform to simulate intricate policy scenarios where multiple species, pressures, and ecosystem services interact. Complex questions often return complex answers, necessitating evidence and advice to be communicated in terms of trade-offs, risks, and uncertainty. Calibration procedures for EwE, which can act as a source of uncertainty and bias in model results, have yet to be explored in a comprehensive way that communicates how sensitive model outputs are to different calibration approaches. As the EwE community has grown, multiple divergent approaches have been applied to calibrate models through the estimation of vulnerability multipliers: parameters that augment the consumption rate limits of predators. Here we explore the underlying principles of vulnerability multipliers as well as existing calibration approaches and their justification. Two case studies are presented: the first explores how vulnerability multipliers emerge based on the chosen calibration approach using simulated data, while the second takes two operational EwE models (Irish Sea and Northwest Atlantic Continental Shelf) and compares their outputs when calibrated following alternate calibration approaches. We show how calibration approaches can impact model-derived advice and provide a list of best practice recommendations for EwE calibration
Published: 2024

28. Two orthogonal differentiation gradients locally coordinate fruit morphogenesis

Author: Fonds de Recherche du Québec, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Comunidad de Madrid, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Gómez-Felipe, Andrea [0000-0002-5647-0496], Branchini, Elvis [0000-0001-5826-7232], Wang, Binghan [0000-0003-0739-6741], Marconi, Marco [0000-0002-3457-1384], Stan, Teodora [0000-0001-6781-447X], Burkiewicz, Jérôme [0000-0001-6968-3506], de Folter, Stefan [0000-0003-4363-7274], Routier-Kierzkowska, Anne-Lise [0000-0003-0383-0811], Wabnik, Krzysztof [0000-0001-7263-0560], Kierzkowski, Daniel [0000-0002-1947-8691], Gómez-Felipe, Andrea, Branchini, Elvis, Wang, Binghan, Marconi, Marco, Bertrand-Rakusová, Hana, Stan, Teodora, Burkiewicz, Jérôme, de Folter, Stefan, Routier-Kierzkowska, Anne-Lise, Wabnik, Krzysztof, Kierzkowski, Daniel, Fonds de Recherche du Québec, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Comunidad de Madrid, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Gómez-Felipe, Andrea [0000-0002-5647-0496], Branchini, Elvis [0000-0001-5826-7232], Wang, Binghan [0000-0003-0739-6741], Marconi, Marco [0000-0002-3457-1384], Stan, Teodora [0000-0001-6781-447X], Burkiewicz, Jérôme [0000-0001-6968-3506], de Folter, Stefan [0000-0003-4363-7274], Routier-Kierzkowska, Anne-Lise [0000-0003-0383-0811], Wabnik, Krzysztof [0000-0001-7263-0560], Kierzkowski, Daniel [0000-0002-1947-8691], Gómez-Felipe, Andrea, Branchini, Elvis, Wang, Binghan, Marconi, Marco, Bertrand-Rakusová, Hana, Stan, Teodora, Burkiewicz, Jérôme, de Folter, Stefan, Routier-Kierzkowska, Anne-Lise, Wabnik, Krzysztof, and Kierzkowski, Daniel
Abstract: Morphogenesis requires the coordination of cellular behaviors along developmental axes. In plants, gradients of growth and differentiation are typically established along a single longitudinal primordium axis to control global organ shape. Yet, it remains unclear how these gradients are locally adjusted to regulate the formation of complex organs that consist of diverse tissue types. Here we combine quantitative live imaging at cellular resolution with genetics, and chemical treatments to understand the formation of Arabidopsis thaliana female reproductive organ (gynoecium). We show that, contrary to other aerial organs, gynoecium shape is determined by two orthogonal, time-shifted differentiation gradients. An early mediolateral gradient controls valve morphogenesis while a late, longitudinal gradient regulates style differentiation. Local, tissue-dependent action of these gradients serves to fine-tune the common developmental program governing organ morphogenesis to ensure the specialized function of the gynoecium.
Published: 2024

29. Seasonal estuary use of beluga whales

Author: Ehn, Jens (Environment and Geography), Ferguson, Steven (Fisheries and Oceans Canada), Watt, Cortney, Roth, James, Belanger, Amanda, Ehn, Jens (Environment and Geography), Ferguson, Steven (Fisheries and Oceans Canada), Watt, Cortney, Roth, James, and Belanger, Amanda
Abstract: Beluga whales are year-round residents of the Arctic and top predators in the ecosystem. Many beluga whale populations are migratory and spend winters in polynyas and breaks in the ice to avoid entrapment. Once the ice in begins to break up and melt, beluga whale populations migrate to the same Arctic estuaries year after year. Possible uses of estuaries include feeding, aiding in skin sloughing, protection of calves from predators, and other warm water benefits. However, much is still unknown about the use of these habitats both spatially and ecologically. I investigated estuary use by Cumberland Sound beluga whales, through their distribution. Their summering area covers northern fiords of Cumberland Sound, including Clearwater Fiord where there is a large estuary. While the whales are known the frequent the fiords, the specific distribution and core areas were unknown. Using very high resolution satellite imagery, I established critical habitat within the summering region. I also provided an updated estuary abundance estimate for this small beluga whale population. Second, I explored estuary use of Hudson Bay beluga whales by investigating the primary feeding season. Migratory species often have one season where they eat the majority of their food for the year and build fat reserves, which provides energy and supports thermoregulation. This fat can be used to investigate feeding ecology of whales. Despite being the largest beluga population, fundamental ecological knowledge of Hudson Bay beluga whales, such as the primary feeding season is unknown. I used lipid content and adipocyte size throughout the blubber of Hudson Bay beluga whales to identify when they were consuming the majority of their food. I determined that there was no consistent primary feeding season, and therefore both summering and wintering areas were used for feeding. By exploring the beluga whales’ use of seasonal habitat through distribution and foraging ecology, my thesis illuminates fundame
Published: 2024

30. Human-in-the-Loop Synthetic Text Data Inspection with Provenance Tracking

Author: Kang, Hong Jin, Harel-Canada, Fabrice, Gulzar, Muhammad Ali, Peng, Violet, Kim, Miryung, Kang, Hong Jin, Harel-Canada, Fabrice, Gulzar, Muhammad Ali, Peng, Violet, and Kim, Miryung
Abstract: Data augmentation techniques apply transformations to existing texts to generate additional data. The transformations may produce low-quality texts, where the meaning of the text is changed and the text may even be mangled beyond human comprehension. Analyzing the synthetically generated texts and their corresponding labels is slow and demanding. To winnow out texts with incorrect labels, we develop INSPECTOR, a human-in-the-loop data inspection technique. INSPECTOR combines the strengths of provenance tracking techniques with assistive labeling. INSPECTOR allows users to group related texts by their transformation provenance, i.e., the transformations applied to the original text, or feature provenance, the linguistic features of the original text. For assistive labeling, INSPECTOR computes metrics that approximate data quality, and allows users to compare the corresponding label of each text against the predictions of a large language model. In a user study, INSPECTOR increases the number of texts with correct labels identified by 3X on a sentiment analysis task and by 4X on a hate speech detection task. The participants found grouping the synthetically generated texts by their common transformation to be the most useful technique. Surprisingly, grouping texts by common linguistic features was perceived to be unhelpful. Contrary to prior work, our study finds that no single technique obviates the need for human inspection effort. This validates the design of INSPECTOR which combines both analysis of data provenance and assistive labeling to reduce human inspection effort., Comment: NAACL 2024 Findings
Published: 2024

31. Change in Eosinophil Count in Patients with Heart Failure Treated with Anakinra

Author: Golino, M, Moroni, F, Giuseppe Del Buono, M, Canada, J, Talasaz, A, Piñel, S, Mbualungu, J, Vecchiè, A, (Jane) Ho, A, Thomas, G, Carbone, S, Billingsley, H, Turlington, J, Markley, R, Trankle, C, De Ponti, R, Van Tassell, B, Abbate, A, Michele Golino, Francesco Moroni, Marco Giuseppe Del Buono, Justin M. Canada, Azita H. Talasaz, Sebastian Piñel, James Mbualungu, Alessandra Vecchiè, Ai-Chen (Jane) Ho, Georgia K. Thomas, Salvatore Carbone, Hayley E. Billingsley, Jeremy Turlington, Roshanak Markley, Cory Trankle, Roberto De Ponti, Benjamin Van Tassell, Antonio Abbate, Golino, M, Moroni, F, Giuseppe Del Buono, M, Canada, J, Talasaz, A, Piñel, S, Mbualungu, J, Vecchiè, A, (Jane) Ho, A, Thomas, G, Carbone, S, Billingsley, H, Turlington, J, Markley, R, Trankle, C, De Ponti, R, Van Tassell, B, Abbate, A, Michele Golino, Francesco Moroni, Marco Giuseppe Del Buono, Justin M. Canada, Azita H. Talasaz, Sebastian Piñel, James Mbualungu, Alessandra Vecchiè, Ai-Chen (Jane) Ho, Georgia K. Thomas, Salvatore Carbone, Hayley E. Billingsley, Jeremy Turlington, Roshanak Markley, Cory Trankle, Roberto De Ponti, Benjamin Van Tassell, and Antonio Abbate
Abstract: Background: Interleukin-1 blockade with anakinra leads to a transient increase in eosinophil blood count (eosinophils) in patients with acute myocardial infarction. We aimed to investigate the effect of anakinra on changes in eosinophils in patients with heart failure (HF) and their correlation with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Methods: We measured eosinophils in 64 patients with HF (50% females), 55 (51–63) years of age, before and after treatment, and, in a subset of 41 patients, also after treatment cessation. We also evaluated CRF, measuring peak oxygen consumption (VO2) with a treadmill test. Results: Treatment with anakinra significantly and transiently increased eosinophils, from 0.2 [0.1–0.3] to 0.3 [0.1–0.4] × 103 cells/µL (p < 0.001) and from 0.3 [0.2–0.5] to 0.2 [0.1–0.3] × 103 cells/µL, with suspension (p < 0.001). Changes in eosinophils correlated with the changes in peak VO2 (Spearman’s Rho = +0.228, p = 0.020). Eosinophils were higher in patients with injection site reactions (ISR) (n = 8, 13%; 0.5 [0.4–0.6] vs. 0.2 [0.1–0.4] × 103 cells/µL, p = 0.023), who also showed a greater increase in peak VO2 (3.0 [0.9–4.3] vs. 0.3 [−0.6–1.8] mLO2·kg−1·min−1, p = 0.015). Conclusion: Patients with HF treated with anakinra experience a transient increase in eosinophils, which is associated with ISR and a greater improvement in peak VO2.
Published: 2023

32. FAUST – VIII. The protostellar disc of VLA 1623–2417W and its streamers imaged by ALMA

Author: European Commission, European Research Council, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), German Research Foundation, National Research Council of Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Mercimek, Seyma, Podio, L., Codella, Claudio, Chahine, L., López-Sepulcre, A., Ohashi, S., Loinard, L., Johnstone, Doug, Menard, F., Cuello, N., Caselli, Paola, Zamponi, Joaquin, Aikawa, Y., Bianchi, E., Busquet, Gemma, Pineda, Jaime E., Bouvier, Mathilde, De Simone, Marta, Zhang, Y., Sakai, N., Chandler, C. J., Ceccarelli, Cecilia, Alves, F., Durán, A., Fedele, D., Murillo, Nadia, Jiménez-Serra, Izaskun, Yamamoto, Satoshi, European Commission, European Research Council, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), German Research Foundation, National Research Council of Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Mercimek, Seyma, Podio, L., Codella, Claudio, Chahine, L., López-Sepulcre, A., Ohashi, S., Loinard, L., Johnstone, Doug, Menard, F., Cuello, N., Caselli, Paola, Zamponi, Joaquin, Aikawa, Y., Bianchi, E., Busquet, Gemma, Pineda, Jaime E., Bouvier, Mathilde, De Simone, Marta, Zhang, Y., Sakai, N., Chandler, C. J., Ceccarelli, Cecilia, Alves, F., Durán, A., Fedele, D., Murillo, Nadia, Jiménez-Serra, Izaskun, and Yamamoto, Satoshi
Abstract: More than 50 per cent of solar-mass stars form in multiple systems. It is therefore crucial to investigate how multiplicity affects the star and planet formation processes at the protostellar stage. We report continuum and C18O (2–1) observations of the VLA 1623–2417 protostellar system at 50 au angular resolution as part of the ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) Large Program FAUST. The 1.3 mm continuum probes the discs of VLA 1623A, B, and W, and the circumbinary disc of the A1 + A2 binary. The C18O emission reveals, for the first time, the gas in the disc envelope of VLA 1623W. We estimate the dynamical mass of VLA 1623W, Mdyn = 0.45 ± 0.08 M⊙, and the mass of its disc, Mdisc ∼ 6 × 10−3 M⊙. C18O also reveals streamers that extend up to 1000 au, spatially and kinematically connecting the envelope and outflow cavities of the A1 + A2 + B system with the disc of VLA 1623W. The presence of the streamers, as well as the spatial (∼1300 au) and velocity (∼2.2 km s−1) offsets of VLA 1623W, suggests that either sources W and A + B formed in different cores, interacting between them, or source W has been ejected from the VLA 1623 multiple system during its formation. In the latter case, the streamers may funnel material from the envelope and cavities of VLA 1623AB on to VLA 1623W, thus concurring to set its final mass and chemical content.
Published: 2023

33. Applying ensemble ecosystem model projections to future-proof marine conservation planning in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean

Author: Canada First Research Excellence Fund, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Bryndum‐Buchholz, Andrea, Blanchard, Julia L., Coll, Marta, Pontavice, Hubert du, Everett, Jason D., Guiet, Jerome, Heneghan, Ryan F., Maury, Olivier, Novaglio, Camilla, Palacios-Abrantes, Juliano, Petrik, Colleen M., Tittensor, Derek P., Lotze, Heike K., Canada First Research Excellence Fund, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Bryndum‐Buchholz, Andrea, Blanchard, Julia L., Coll, Marta, Pontavice, Hubert du, Everett, Jason D., Guiet, Jerome, Heneghan, Ryan F., Maury, Olivier, Novaglio, Camilla, Palacios-Abrantes, Juliano, Petrik, Colleen M., Tittensor, Derek P., and Lotze, Heike K.
Abstract: Climate change is altering marine ecosystems across the globe and is projected to do so for centuries to come. Marine conservation agencies can use short- and long-term projections of species-specific or ecosystem-level climate responses to inform marine conservation planning. Yet, integration of climate change adaptation, mitigation, and resilience into marine conservation planning is limited. We analysed future trajectories of climate change impacts on total consumer biomass and six key physical and biogeochemical drivers across the Northwest Atlantic Ocean to evaluate the consequences for Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs) in Atlantic Canada. We identified climate change hotspots and refugia, where the environmental drivers are projected to change most or remain close to their current state, respectively, by mid- and end-century. We used standardized outputs from the Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project and the 6th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Our analysis revealed that, currently, no existing marine conservation areas in Atlantic Canada overlap with identified climate refugia. Most (75%) established MPAs and more than one-third (39%) of the established OECMs lie within cumulative climate hotspots. Our results provide important long-term context for adaptation and future-proofing spatial marine conservation planning in Canada and the Northwest Atlantic region
Published: 2023

34. Interleukin-1 blockade in heart failure: an on-treatment and off-treatment cardiorespiratory fitness analysis

Author: Moroni, F, Golino, M, Carbone, S, Trankle, C, Del Buono, M, Talasaz, A, Arena, R, Canada, J, Biondi-Zoccai, G, Van Tassel, B, Abbate, A, Moroni, Francesco, Golino, Michele, Carbone, Salvatore, Trankle, Cory, Del Buono, Marco Giuseppe, Talasaz, Azita, Arena, Ross, Canada, Justin M, Biondi-Zoccai, Giuseppe, Van Tassel, Benjamin, Abbate, Antonio, Moroni, F, Golino, M, Carbone, S, Trankle, C, Del Buono, M, Talasaz, A, Arena, R, Canada, J, Biondi-Zoccai, G, Van Tassel, B, Abbate, A, Moroni, Francesco, Golino, Michele, Carbone, Salvatore, Trankle, Cory, Del Buono, Marco Giuseppe, Talasaz, Azita, Arena, Ross, Canada, Justin M, Biondi-Zoccai, Giuseppe, Van Tassel, Benjamin, and Abbate, Antonio
Abstract: Aims: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockade may improve exercise capacity in patients with heart failure (HF) patients. The extent of the improvement and its persistence beyond discontinuation of IL-1 blockade is unknown. Methods and results: The primary objective was to determine changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiac function on-treatment with IL-1 blocker, anakinra, and off-treatment, after treatment cessation. We performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing, Doppler echocardiography, and biomarkers in 73 patients with HF, 37 (51%) females, 52 (71%) Black–African–American, before and after treatment with anakinra 100 mg daily. In a subset of 46 patients, testing was also repeated after treatment cessation. Quality of life was assessed in each patient using standardized questionnaires. Data are presented as median and interquartile range. Treatment with anakinra for 4 [2–12] weeks was associated with a significant improvement in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (from 6.2 [3.3–15.4] to 1.4 [0.8–3.4] mg/L, P < 0.001), peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak, from 13.9 [11.6–16.6] to 15.2 [12.9–17.4] mL/kg/min, P < 0.001). Ventilatory efficiency, exercise time, Doppler-derived signs and biomarkers of elevated intracardiac pressures, and quality-of-life measures also improved with anakinra. In the 46 patients in whom off-treatment data were available 12 [4–12] weeks later, many of the favourable changes seen with anakinra were largely reversed (from 1.5 [1.0–3.4] to 5.9 [1.8–13.1], P = 0.001 for C-reactive protein, and from 16.2 [14.0–18.4] to 14.9 [11.5–17.8] mL/kg/min, P = 0.017, for VO2peak). Conclusions: These data validate IL-1 as an active and dynamic modulator of cardiac function and cardiorespiratory fitness in HF.
Published: 2023

35. Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails

Author: Russian Science Foundation, University of Göttingen, Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future (Australia), National Natural Science Foundation of China, South African National Antarctic Programme, Natural Resources Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Independent Research Fund Denmark, Estonian Science Foundation, European Research Council, European Commission, German Research Foundation, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la Souveraineté alimentaire (France), Ministére de l'Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France), Ministère de la Transition écologique et de la Cohésion des territoires (France), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (France), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Massey University, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Government of Austria, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa Científica e Tecnológica do Estado de Santa Catarina, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministry of Innovation and Technology (Hungary), Potapov, Anton [0000-0002-4456-1710], Guerra, Carlos A. [0000-0003-4917-2105], Babenko, Anatoly [0000-0002-6077-0619], Bellini, Bruno C. [0000-0001-7881-9436], Chown, Steven L. [0000-0001-6069-5105], Kovac, L'ubomír [0000-0001-8194-2128], Alatalo, Juha M. [0000-0001-5084-850X], Arbea, Javier I. [0000-0001-6122-1331], Bokhorst, Stef [0000-0003-0184-1162], Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela [0000-0002-5405-5221], Chauvat, Matthieu [0000-0002-4831-5904], Chomel, Mathilde [0000-0001-5110-2355], Classen, Aimme T. [0000-0002-6741-3470], Filser, Juliane [0000-0003-1535-6168], Franken, Oscar [0000-0001-8361-3117], Greve, Michelle [0000-0002-6229-8506], Holmstrup, Martin [0000-0001-8395-6582], Homet, Pablo [0000-0002-4285-6953], Janion-Scheepers, C. [0000-0001-5942-7912], Jochum, Malte [0000-0002-8728-1145], Jucevica, Edite [0000-0002-0710-9450], Ferlian, Olga [0000-0002-2536-7592], Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I. [0000-0002-9010-481X], Krab, Eveline J. [0000-0001-8262-0198], de Lima, Estevam C. A. [0000-0002-1680-4818], Lindo, Zoë [0000-0001-9942-7204], Lu, Jing-Zhong [0000-0002-4051-8993], Negri, Ilaria [0000-0001-5188-1408], Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl [0000-0002-1839-6926], Palacios-Vargas, José [0000-0001-9097-6813], Pollierer, Melani M. [0000-0002-1498-2362], Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz [0000-0002-5178-4445], Raymond-Léonard, Laura J. [0000-0002-7324-7843], Saifutdinov, Ruslan [0000-0002-8878-3630], Sayer, Emma J. [0000-0002-3322-4487], Seeber, Julia [0000-0003-0189-7377], Shveenkova, Yulia B. [0000-0003-1887-8551], Sterzynska, Maria [0000-0001-9712-4285], Sun, Xin [0000-0002-3988-7847], Taskaeva, Anastasia A. [0000-0002-4519-8458], Thakur, Madhav P. [0000-0001-9426-1313], Tsiafouli, Maria A. [0000-0003-0203-8347], Twala, Mthokozisi N. [0000-0001-6499-1892], Winck, Bruna [0000-0002-7996-9855], Winkler, Daniel E.[0000-0002-6008-0562], Yin, Rui [0000-0002-4580-1317], Zeppelini, Douglas [0000-0002-9026-1129], Crowther, Thomas W. [0000-0001-5674-8913], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Scheu, Stefan [0000-0003-4350-9520], Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J. [0000-0001-5679-0951], Potapov, Mikhail B. [0000-0002-6111-3354], Potapov, Anton, Guerra, Carlos A., van den Hoogen, Johan, Babenko, Anatoly, Bellini, Bruno C., Berg, Matty P., Chown, Steven L., Deharveng, Louis, Kovac, L'ubomír, Kuznetsova, Natalia A., Ponge, Jean-François, Yin, Rui, Zeppelini, Douglas, Crowther, Thomas W., Eisenhauer, Nico, Scheu, Stefan, Potapov, Mikhail B., Russell, David J., Alexandre, Douglas, Alatalo, Juha M., Arbea, Javier I., Bandyopadhyaya, Ipsa, Bernava, Verónica, Bokhorst, Stef, Bolger, Thomas, Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela, Chauvat, Matthieu, Chen, Ting-Wen, Chomel, Mathilde, Classen, Aimme T., Cortet, Jérôme, Čuchta, Peter, Pedrosa, Ana M. de la, Ferreira, Susana S. D., Fiera, Cristina, Filser, Juliane, Franken, Oscar, Fujii, S., Gagnon Koudji, Essivi, Gao, Meixiang, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gómez-Pamies, Diego F., Greve, Michelle, Handa, I. Tanya, Heiniger, Charlène, Holmstrup, Martin, Homet, Pablo, Ivask, Mari, Janion-Scheepers, C., Jochum, Malte, Joimel, Sophie, Jorge, Bruna Claudia S., Jucevica, Edite, Ferlian, Olga, Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I., Klauberg-Filho, Osmar, Baretta, Dilmar, Krab, Eveline J., Kuu, Annely, de Lima, Estevam C. A., Lin, Dunmei, Lindo, Zoë, Liu, Amy, Lu, Jing-Zhong, Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J., Marx, Michael T., McCary, Matthew A., Minor, María A., Nakamori, Taizo, Negri, Ilaria, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Palacios-Vargas, José, Pollierer, Melani M., Querner, Pascal, Raschmanová, Natália, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Raymond-Léonard, Laura J., Rousseau, Laurent, Saifutdinov, Ruslan, Salmon, Sandrine, Sayer, Emma J., Scheunemann, Nicole, Scholz, Cornelia, Seeber, Julia, Shveenkova, Yulia B., Stebaeva, Sophya K., Sterzynska, Maria, Sun, Xin, Susanti, Winda I., Taskaeva, Anastasia A., Thakur, Madhav P., Tsiafouli, Maria A., Turnbull, Matthew S., Twala, Mthokozisi N., Uvarov, Alexei V., Vernier, Lisa A., Widenfalk, Lina A., Winck, Bruna, Winkler, Daniel E., Wu, Donghui, Xie, Zhijing, Russian Science Foundation, University of Göttingen, Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future (Australia), National Natural Science Foundation of China, South African National Antarctic Programme, Natural Resources Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Independent Research Fund Denmark, Estonian Science Foundation, European Research Council, European Commission, German Research Foundation, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la Souveraineté alimentaire (France), Ministére de l'Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France), Ministère de la Transition écologique et de la Cohésion des territoires (France), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (France), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Massey University, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Government of Austria, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa Científica e Tecnológica do Estado de Santa Catarina, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministry of Innovation and Technology (Hungary), Potapov, Anton [0000-0002-4456-1710], Guerra, Carlos A. [0000-0003-4917-2105], Babenko, Anatoly [0000-0002-6077-0619], Bellini, Bruno C. [0000-0001-7881-9436], Chown, Steven L. [0000-0001-6069-5105], Kovac, L'ubomír [0000-0001-8194-2128], Alatalo, Juha M. [0000-0001-5084-850X], Arbea, Javier I. [0000-0001-6122-1331], Bokhorst, Stef [0000-0003-0184-1162], Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela [0000-0002-5405-5221], Chauvat, Matthieu [0000-0002-4831-5904], Chomel, Mathilde [0000-0001-5110-2355], Classen, Aimme T. [0000-0002-6741-3470], Filser, Juliane [0000-0003-1535-6168], Franken, Oscar [0000-0001-8361-3117], Greve, Michelle [0000-0002-6229-8506], Holmstrup, Martin [0000-0001-8395-6582], Homet, Pablo [0000-0002-4285-6953], Janion-Scheepers, C. [0000-0001-5942-7912], Jochum, Malte [0000-0002-8728-1145], Jucevica, Edite [0000-0002-0710-9450], Ferlian, Olga [0000-0002-2536-7592], Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I. [0000-0002-9010-481X], Krab, Eveline J. [0000-0001-8262-0198], de Lima, Estevam C. A. [0000-0002-1680-4818], Lindo, Zoë [0000-0001-9942-7204], Lu, Jing-Zhong [0000-0002-4051-8993], Negri, Ilaria [0000-0001-5188-1408], Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl [0000-0002-1839-6926], Palacios-Vargas, José [0000-0001-9097-6813], Pollierer, Melani M. [0000-0002-1498-2362], Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz [0000-0002-5178-4445], Raymond-Léonard, Laura J. [0000-0002-7324-7843], Saifutdinov, Ruslan [0000-0002-8878-3630], Sayer, Emma J. [0000-0002-3322-4487], Seeber, Julia [0000-0003-0189-7377], Shveenkova, Yulia B. [0000-0003-1887-8551], Sterzynska, Maria [0000-0001-9712-4285], Sun, Xin [0000-0002-3988-7847], Taskaeva, Anastasia A. [0000-0002-4519-8458], Thakur, Madhav P. [0000-0001-9426-1313], Tsiafouli, Maria A. [0000-0003-0203-8347], Twala, Mthokozisi N. [0000-0001-6499-1892], Winck, Bruna [0000-0002-7996-9855], Winkler, Daniel E.[0000-0002-6008-0562], Yin, Rui [0000-0002-4580-1317], Zeppelini, Douglas [0000-0002-9026-1129], Crowther, Thomas W. [0000-0001-5674-8913], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Scheu, Stefan [0000-0003-4350-9520], Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J. [0000-0001-5679-0951], Potapov, Mikhail B. [0000-0002-6111-3354], Potapov, Anton, Guerra, Carlos A., van den Hoogen, Johan, Babenko, Anatoly, Bellini, Bruno C., Berg, Matty P., Chown, Steven L., Deharveng, Louis, Kovac, L'ubomír, Kuznetsova, Natalia A., Ponge, Jean-François, Yin, Rui, Zeppelini, Douglas, Crowther, Thomas W., Eisenhauer, Nico, Scheu, Stefan, Potapov, Mikhail B., Russell, David J., Alexandre, Douglas, Alatalo, Juha M., Arbea, Javier I., Bandyopadhyaya, Ipsa, Bernava, Verónica, Bokhorst, Stef, Bolger, Thomas, Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela, Chauvat, Matthieu, Chen, Ting-Wen, Chomel, Mathilde, Classen, Aimme T., Cortet, Jérôme, Čuchta, Peter, Pedrosa, Ana M. de la, Ferreira, Susana S. D., Fiera, Cristina, Filser, Juliane, Franken, Oscar, Fujii, S., Gagnon Koudji, Essivi, Gao, Meixiang, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gómez-Pamies, Diego F., Greve, Michelle, Handa, I. Tanya, Heiniger, Charlène, Holmstrup, Martin, Homet, Pablo, Ivask, Mari, Janion-Scheepers, C., Jochum, Malte, Joimel, Sophie, Jorge, Bruna Claudia S., Jucevica, Edite, Ferlian, Olga, Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I., Klauberg-Filho, Osmar, Baretta, Dilmar, Krab, Eveline J., Kuu, Annely, de Lima, Estevam C. A., Lin, Dunmei, Lindo, Zoë, Liu, Amy, Lu, Jing-Zhong, Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J., Marx, Michael T., McCary, Matthew A., Minor, María A., Nakamori, Taizo, Negri, Ilaria, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Palacios-Vargas, José, Pollierer, Melani M., Querner, Pascal, Raschmanová, Natália, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Raymond-Léonard, Laura J., Rousseau, Laurent, Saifutdinov, Ruslan, Salmon, Sandrine, Sayer, Emma J., Scheunemann, Nicole, Scholz, Cornelia, Seeber, Julia, Shveenkova, Yulia B., Stebaeva, Sophya K., Sterzynska, Maria, Sun, Xin, Susanti, Winda I., Taskaeva, Anastasia A., Thakur, Madhav P., Tsiafouli, Maria A., Turnbull, Matthew S., Twala, Mthokozisi N., Uvarov, Alexei V., Vernier, Lisa A., Widenfalk, Lina A., Winck, Bruna, Winkler, Daniel E., Wu, Donghui, and Xie, Zhijing
Abstract: Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil arthropods regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown. Here, using a global dataset representing 2470 sites, we estimate the total soil springtail biomass at 27.5 megatons carbon, which is threefold higher than wild terrestrial vertebrates, and record peak densities up to 2 million individuals per square meter in the tundra. Despite a 20-fold biomass difference between the tundra and the tropics, springtail energy use (community metabolism) remains similar across the latitudinal gradient, owing to the changes in temperature with latitude. Neither springtail density nor community metabolism is predicted by local species richness, which is high in the tropics, but comparably high in some temperate forests and even tundra. Changes in springtail activity may emerge from latitudinal gradients in temperature, predation and resource limitation in soil communities. Contrasting relationships of biomass, diversity and activity of springtail communities with temperature suggest that climate warming will alter fundamental soil biodiversity metrics in different directions, potentially restructuring terrestrial food webs and affecting soil functioning.
Published: 2023

36. Selective modifications of lactose and N-acetyllactosamine with sulfate and aromatic bulky groups unveil unique structural insights in galectin-1-ligand recognition

Author: Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación (Argentina), Bunge & Born Foundation, Fundación Sales, Baron Foundation, Richard Lounsbery Foundation, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs, Massaro, Mora [0009-0008-5921-7657], Cagnoni, Alejandro J. [0000-0002-1026-5841], Medrano, Francisco Javier [0000-0002-8185-9751], Abdullayev, Shuay [0000-0002-3965-7785], Mariño, Karina [0000-0002-0581-8640], Romero, Antonio [0000-0002-6990-6973], Roy, René [0000-0001-5638-7302], Rabinovich, Gabriel A. [0000-0002-0947-8735], Massaro, Mora, Cagnoni, Alejandro J., Medrano, Francisco Javier, Pérez-Sáez, Juan M., Abdullayev, Shuay, Belkhadem, Karima, Mariño, Karina, Romero, Antonio, Roy, René, Rabinovich, Gabriel A., Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación (Argentina), Bunge & Born Foundation, Fundación Sales, Baron Foundation, Richard Lounsbery Foundation, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs, Massaro, Mora [0009-0008-5921-7657], Cagnoni, Alejandro J. [0000-0002-1026-5841], Medrano, Francisco Javier [0000-0002-8185-9751], Abdullayev, Shuay [0000-0002-3965-7785], Mariño, Karina [0000-0002-0581-8640], Romero, Antonio [0000-0002-6990-6973], Roy, René [0000-0001-5638-7302], Rabinovich, Gabriel A. [0000-0002-0947-8735], Massaro, Mora, Cagnoni, Alejandro J., Medrano, Francisco Javier, Pérez-Sáez, Juan M., Abdullayev, Shuay, Belkhadem, Karima, Mariño, Karina, Romero, Antonio, Roy, René, and Rabinovich, Gabriel A.
Abstract: Galectins, a family of endogenous glycan-binding proteins, play crucial roles in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a proto-type member of this family, is overexpressed in several cancers and plays critical roles in tumor-immune escape, angiogenesis and metastasis. Thus, generation of high-affinity Gal-1 inhibitors emerges as an attractive therapeutic approach for a wide range of neoplastic conditions. Small-molecule carbohydrate inhibitors based on lactose (Lac) and N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) structures have been tested showing different results. In this study, we evaluated Lac- and LacNAc-based compounds with specific chemical modifications at key positions as Gal-1 ligands by competitive solid-phase assays (SPA) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Both assays showed excellent correlation, highlighting that lactosides bearing bulky aromatic groups at the anomeric carbon and sulfate groups at the O3′ position exhibited the highest binding affinities. To dissect the atomistic determinants for preferential affinity of the different tested Gal-1 ligands, molecular docking simulations were conducted and PRODIGY-LIG structure-based method was employed to predict binding affinity in protein–ligand complexes. Notably, calculated binding free energies derived from the molecular docking were in accordance with experimental values determined by SPA and ITC, showing excellent correlation between theoretical and experimental approaches. Moreover, this analysis showed that 3′-O-sulfate groups interact with residues of the Gal-1 subsite B, mainly with Asn33, while the ester groups of the aromatic anomeric group interact with Gly69 and Thr70 at Gal-1 subsite E, extending deeper into the pocket, which could account for the enhanced binding affinity. This study contributes to the rational design of highly optimized Gal-1 inhibitors to be further studied in cancer models and other pathologic conditions.
Published: 2023

37. Soil fauna alter the responses of greenhouse gas emissions to changes in water and nitrogen availability

Author: National Science Foundation (US), National Key Research and Development Program (China), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Canada Foundation for Innovation, Ontario Research Fund, Chen, H.Y.H. [0000-0001-9477-5541], Zou, Xiaoming [0000-0001-9023-3067], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Ruan, Honghua [0000-0002-6075-474X], Li, Yuanyuan, Liao, Jiahui, Chen, H.Y.H., Zou, Xiaoming, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Ni, Juanping, Ren, Tingting, Xu, Hanmei, Ruan, Honghua, National Science Foundation (US), National Key Research and Development Program (China), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Canada Foundation for Innovation, Ontario Research Fund, Chen, H.Y.H. [0000-0001-9477-5541], Zou, Xiaoming [0000-0001-9023-3067], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Ruan, Honghua [0000-0002-6075-474X], Li, Yuanyuan, Liao, Jiahui, Chen, H.Y.H., Zou, Xiaoming, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Ni, Juanping, Ren, Tingting, Xu, Hanmei, and Ruan, Honghua
Abstract: Fertilization and drought are two of the most important global change drivers that impacting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Soil organisms are among the fundamental biotic drivers of biogeochemical cycles and can play critical roles in mitigating global change. However, the contributions of soil macrofauna in explaining the responses of GHG emissions to fertilization and drought remain poorly understood. Here, we designed a three-factor microcosm experiment to examine how soil macrofauna (no fauna, earthworms, and millipedes) alter the responses of CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions, as well as the C and N contents in response to contrasting levels of N (N0: without N addition, N+: N addition) and available soil water (40% and 60% of soil water holding capacity). We show that soil fauna were significant regulators of CO2 and N2O emissions in response to changes in water and N availability, as supported by multiple identified statistical interactions. Millipedes were observed to reduce the positive influence of soil water availability on soil CO2 emissions in response to the addition of N. Similarly, earthworms weakened the effects of elevated N and water availability on soil N2O emissions. Moreover, CH4 emissions occurred only when millipedes were present. The structural equation models revealed that earthworms and millipedes modified soil CO2 and N2O emissions through their influences on soil total dissolved nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon. Overall, this study demonstrated that soil macrofauna can notably mediate the responses of GHG emissions and soil biogeochemical cycles to global environmental changes.
Published: 2023

38. A multi-specific, multi-affinity antibody platform neutralizes sarbecoviruses and confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 in vivo

Author: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ministry of Colleges and Universities (Ontario), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Hospital for Sick Children (Canada), Ontario Graduate Scholarship, Canada Research Chairs, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Ontario Research Fund, National Cancer Institute (US), National Institute of General Medical Sciences (US), Department of Energy (US), Burn Aschner, Clare, Muthuraman, Krithika, Kucharska, Iga, Cui, Hong, Prieto, Katherine, Nair, Manoj S., Wang, Maple, Huang, Yaoxing, Christie-Holmes, Natasha, Poon, Betty, Lam, Jessica, Sultana, Azmiri, Kozak, Robert, Mubareka, Samira, Rubinstein, John L., Rujas, Edurne, Treanor, Bebhinn, Ho, David D., Jetha, Arif, Julien, Jean-Philippe, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ministry of Colleges and Universities (Ontario), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Hospital for Sick Children (Canada), Ontario Graduate Scholarship, Canada Research Chairs, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Ontario Research Fund, National Cancer Institute (US), National Institute of General Medical Sciences (US), Department of Energy (US), Burn Aschner, Clare, Muthuraman, Krithika, Kucharska, Iga, Cui, Hong, Prieto, Katherine, Nair, Manoj S., Wang, Maple, Huang, Yaoxing, Christie-Holmes, Natasha, Poon, Betty, Lam, Jessica, Sultana, Azmiri, Kozak, Robert, Mubareka, Samira, Rubinstein, John L., Rujas, Edurne, Treanor, Bebhinn, Ho, David D., Jetha, Arif, and Julien, Jean-Philippe
Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been responsible for a global pandemic. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been used as antiviral therapeutics; however, these therapeutics have been limited in efficacy by viral sequence variability in emerging variants of concern (VOCs) and in deployment by the need for high doses. In this study, we leveraged the multi-specific, multi-affinity antibody (Multabody, MB) platform, derived from the human apoferritin protomer, to enable the multimerization of antibody fragments. MBs were shown to be highly potent, neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 at lower concentrations than their corresponding mAb counterparts. In mice infected with SARS-CoV-2, a tri-specific MB targeting three regions within the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain was protective at a 30-fold lower dose than a cocktail of the corresponding mAbs. Furthermore, we showed in vitro that mono-specific MBs potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2 VOCs by leveraging augmented avidity, even when corresponding mAbs lose their ability to neutralize potently, and that tri-specific MBs expanded the neutralization breadth beyond SARS-CoV-2 to other sarbecoviruses. Our work demonstrates how avidity and multi-specificity combined can be leveraged to confer protection and resilience against viral diversity that exceeds that of traditional monoclonal antibody therapies.
Published: 2023

39. Impact of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella on the Valve Movement of Mytilus edulis: A Comparison between Two Populations with Contrasting Histories Exposure

Author: Fonds de Recherche du Québec, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Durier, Guillaume, Comeau, Luc A., Babarro, José M. F., Starr, Michel, Clements, Jeff C., Tremblay, Réjean, Fonds de Recherche du Québec, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Durier, Guillaume, Comeau, Luc A., Babarro, José M. F., Starr, Michel, Clements, Jeff C., and Tremblay, Réjean
Abstract: Shellfish aquaculture farms, due to their coastal position, face the threat of exposure to harmful algal blooms. Such blooms can release, among others, paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) produced by the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella and are known to cause the restriction of bivalve harvesting sites. Shellfish can accumulate PSTs in levels that are poisonous for humans, therefore making them unfit for consumption. Thus, the ability to detect PSTs before they reach the critical threshold is crucial for minimizing losses in the industry. Previous studies have demonstrated that toxic algae detection is possible with the use of an early warning system based on the valve-gaping behaviour of blue mussel Mytilus edulis. However, some studies observed the presence of toxin resistance in other species of bivalves when they are regularly exposed to PSTs. If no resistance is observed whatever the past history of the populations would be with regard to PST exposure, this species could be appropriate as a sentinel candidate. In this study, we compare the valve-gaping behaviour of two blue mussel populations with contrasting long-term histories of PSTs events (i.e., regularly vs. not previously exposed to the PSTs producer) were compared using experimental exposure of A. catenella to M. edulis. It was found that mussels from both populations exhibited similar gaping behaviour patterns when exposed to A. catenella. For both populations, the number of valve closures and closure duration tended to increase in the presence of A. catenella, which suggested an avoidance response to the toxic dinoflagellate. In conclusion, our results support the use of M. edulis without origin discrimination
Published: 2023

40. The landscape of tolerated genetic variation in humans and primates

Author: EMBO, National Institutes of Health (US), Fundación la Caixa, Vienna Science and Technology Fund, European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), International Primatological Society, Rufford Foundation, Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation, Primate Conservation, Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), German Research Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs, Illumina, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Wenner-Gren Foundation, Leakey Foundation, National Geographic Society, National Institute on Aging (US), National Research Foundation Singapore, Swedish Research Council, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Juan, David [0000-0003-1912-9667], Valenzuela, Alejandro [0000-0001-6120-6246], Lizano, Esther [0000-0003-3304-9807], Navarro, Arcadi [0000-0003-2162-8246], Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs [0000-0002-5597-3075], Gao, Hong, Hamp, Tobias, Ede, Jeffrey, Schraiber, Joshua G., McRae, Jeremy, Singer-Berk, Moriel, Yang, Yanshen, Dietrich, Anastasia S. D., Fiziev, Petko P., Kuderna, Lukas F. K., Sundaram, Laksshman, Wu, Yibing, Adhikari, Aashish, Field, Yair, Chen, Chen, Batzoglou, Serafim, Aguet, Francois, Lemire, Gabrielle, Reimers, Rebecca, Balick, Daniel, Janiak, Mareike C., Kuhlwilm, Martin, Orkin, Joseph D., Manu, Shivakumara, Valenzuela, Alejandro, Bergman, Juraj, Rousselle, Marjolaine, Silva, Felipe Ennes, Agueda, Lidia, Blanc, Julie, Gut, Marta, Vries, Dorien de, Goodhead, Ian, Harris, R. Alan, Raveendran, Muthuswamy, Jensen, Axel, Chuma, Idriss S., Horvath, Julie E., Hvilsom, Christina, Juan, David, Frandsen, Peter, Melo, Fabiano R. de, Bertuol, Fabrício, Byrne, Hazel, Sampaio, Iracilda, Farias, Izeni, Amaral, João Valsecchi do, Messias, Mariluce, Silva, Maria N. F. da, Trivedi, Mihir, Rossi, Rogerio, Hrbek, Tomas, Andriaholinirina, Nicole, Rabarivola, Clément J., Zaramody, Alphonse, Jolly, Clifford J., Phillips-Conroy, Jane, Wilkerson, Gregory, Abee, Christian, Simmons, Joe H., Fernandez-Duque, Eduardo, Kanthaswamy, Sree, Shiferaw, Fekadu, Wu, Dongdong, Zhou, Long, Shao, Yong, Zhang, Guojie, Keyyu, Julius D., Knauf, Sascha, Le, Minh D., Lizano, Esther, Merker, Stefan, Navarro, Arcadi, Bataillon, Thomas, Nadler, Tilo, Khor, Chiea Chuen, Lee, Jessica, Tan, Patrick, Lim, Weng Khong, Kitchener, Andrew C., Zinner, Dietmar, Gut, Ivo, Melin, Amanda, Guschanski, Katerina, Schierup, Mikkel Heide, Beck, Robin M. D., Umapathy, Govindhaswamy, Roos, Christian, Boubli, Jean P., Lek, Monkol, Sunyaev, Shamil, O’Donnell-Luria, Anne, Rehm, Heidi L., Xu, Jinbo, Rogers, Jeffrey, Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs, Farh, Kyle Kai-How, EMBO, National Institutes of Health (US), Fundación la Caixa, Vienna Science and Technology Fund, European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), International Primatological Society, Rufford Foundation, Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation, Primate Conservation, Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), German Research Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs, Illumina, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Wenner-Gren Foundation, Leakey Foundation, National Geographic Society, National Institute on Aging (US), National Research Foundation Singapore, Swedish Research Council, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Juan, David [0000-0003-1912-9667], Valenzuela, Alejandro [0000-0001-6120-6246], Lizano, Esther [0000-0003-3304-9807], Navarro, Arcadi [0000-0003-2162-8246], Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs [0000-0002-5597-3075], Gao, Hong, Hamp, Tobias, Ede, Jeffrey, Schraiber, Joshua G., McRae, Jeremy, Singer-Berk, Moriel, Yang, Yanshen, Dietrich, Anastasia S. D., Fiziev, Petko P., Kuderna, Lukas F. K., Sundaram, Laksshman, Wu, Yibing, Adhikari, Aashish, Field, Yair, Chen, Chen, Batzoglou, Serafim, Aguet, Francois, Lemire, Gabrielle, Reimers, Rebecca, Balick, Daniel, Janiak, Mareike C., Kuhlwilm, Martin, Orkin, Joseph D., Manu, Shivakumara, Valenzuela, Alejandro, Bergman, Juraj, Rousselle, Marjolaine, Silva, Felipe Ennes, Agueda, Lidia, Blanc, Julie, Gut, Marta, Vries, Dorien de, Goodhead, Ian, Harris, R. Alan, Raveendran, Muthuswamy, Jensen, Axel, Chuma, Idriss S., Horvath, Julie E., Hvilsom, Christina, Juan, David, Frandsen, Peter, Melo, Fabiano R. de, Bertuol, Fabrício, Byrne, Hazel, Sampaio, Iracilda, Farias, Izeni, Amaral, João Valsecchi do, Messias, Mariluce, Silva, Maria N. F. da, Trivedi, Mihir, Rossi, Rogerio, Hrbek, Tomas, Andriaholinirina, Nicole, Rabarivola, Clément J., Zaramody, Alphonse, Jolly, Clifford J., Phillips-Conroy, Jane, Wilkerson, Gregory, Abee, Christian, Simmons, Joe H., Fernandez-Duque, Eduardo, Kanthaswamy, Sree, Shiferaw, Fekadu, Wu, Dongdong, Zhou, Long, Shao, Yong, Zhang, Guojie, Keyyu, Julius D., Knauf, Sascha, Le, Minh D., Lizano, Esther, Merker, Stefan, Navarro, Arcadi, Bataillon, Thomas, Nadler, Tilo, Khor, Chiea Chuen, Lee, Jessica, Tan, Patrick, Lim, Weng Khong, Kitchener, Andrew C., Zinner, Dietmar, Gut, Ivo, Melin, Amanda, Guschanski, Katerina, Schierup, Mikkel Heide, Beck, Robin M. D., Umapathy, Govindhaswamy, Roos, Christian, Boubli, Jean P., Lek, Monkol, Sunyaev, Shamil, O’Donnell-Luria, Anne, Rehm, Heidi L., Xu, Jinbo, Rogers, Jeffrey, Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs, and Farh, Kyle Kai-How
Abstract: [INTRODUCTION] Millions of people have received genome and exome sequencing to date, a collective effort that has illuminated for the first time the vast catalog of small genetic differences that distinguish us as individuals within our species. However, the effects of most of these genetic variants remain unknown, limiting their clinical utility and actionability. New approaches that can accurately discern disease-causing from benign mutations and interpret genetic variants on a genome-wide scale would constitute a meaningful initial step towards realizing the potential of personalized genomic medicine., [RATIONALE] As a result of the short evolutionary distance between humans and nonhuman primates, our proteins share near-perfect amino acid sequence identity. Hence, the effects of a protein-altering mutation found in one species are likely to be concordant in the other species. By systematically cataloging common variants of nonhuman primates, we aimed to annotate these variants as being unlikely to cause human disease as they are tolerated by natural selection in a closely related species. Once collected, the resulting resource may be applied to infer the effects of unobserved variants across the genome using machine learning., [RESULTS] Following the strategy outlined above we obtained whole-genome sequencing data for 809 individuals from 233 primate species and cataloged 4.3 million common missense variants. We confirmed that human missense variants seen in at least one nonhuman primate species were annotated as benign in the ClinVar clinical variant database in 99% of cases. By contrast, common variants from mammals and vertebrates outside the primate lineage were substantially less likely to be benign in the ClinVar database (71 to 87% benign), restricting this strategy to nonhuman primates. Overall, we reclassified more than 4 million human missense variants of previously unknown consequence as likely benign, resulting in a greater than 50-fold increase in the number of annotated missense variants compared to existing clinical databases. To infer the pathogenicity of the remaining missense variants in the human genome, we constructed PrimateAI-3D, a semisupervised 3D-convolutional neural network that operates on voxelized protein structures. We trained PrimateAI-3D to separate common primate variants from matched control variants in 3D space as a semisupervised learning task. We evaluated the trained PrimateAI-3D model alongside 15 other published machine learning methods on their ability to distinguish between benign and pathogenic variants in six different clinical benchmarks and demonstrated that PrimateAI-3D outperformed all other classifiers in each of the tasks., [CONCLUSION] Our study addresses one of the key challenges in the variant interpretation field, namely, the lack of sufficient labeled data to effectively train large machine learning models. By generating the most comprehensive primate sequencing dataset to date and pairing this resource with a deep learning architecture that leverages 3D protein structures, we were able to achieve meaningful improvements in variant effect prediction across multiple clinical benchmarks.
Published: 2023

41. Promise and limitations of 18S genetic screening of extracted fecal DNA from wild capuchins

Author: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs, Alberta Innovates Health Solutions, Queen Elizabeth II Graduate Scholarships in Science and Technology (Canada), Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, O'Brien Centre Summer Studentships, National Science Foundation (US), Fundación la Caixa, European Commission, Orkin, Joseph D. [0000-0001-6922-2072], Pinto, Swellan Luciann, Carvalho Henriquez, Megan, Cheves Hernández, Saúl, Duytschaever, Gwen, Wit, Janneke, Avramenko, Russell William, Gilleard, John Stuart, Orkin, Joseph D., Melin, Amanda D., Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs, Alberta Innovates Health Solutions, Queen Elizabeth II Graduate Scholarships in Science and Technology (Canada), Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, O'Brien Centre Summer Studentships, National Science Foundation (US), Fundación la Caixa, European Commission, Orkin, Joseph D. [0000-0001-6922-2072], Pinto, Swellan Luciann, Carvalho Henriquez, Megan, Cheves Hernández, Saúl, Duytschaever, Gwen, Wit, Janneke, Avramenko, Russell William, Gilleard, John Stuart, Orkin, Joseph D., and Melin, Amanda D.
Abstract: Genomic screening of fecal DNA provides insight into diet, parasite infection dynamics, and other aspects of the ecology and pathogens of wild populations. Here, we amplify and sequence the V4/V5 regions of the eukaryotic 18S ribosomal RNA gene from fecal DNA of wild capuchin monkeys (Cebus imitator). We collected 94 fecal samples from 26 individuals, each sampled 1-4 times across a 19-month period and examined the eukaryotic diversity in 63 of these samples which had sufficient numbers and quality of reads during downstream analyses. We found a total of 234 distinct amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) classified as Eukaryotes in our samples. Of these, 66 were assigned to the phylum Nematoda. 64 ASVs are from taxa that possibly parasitize monkeys or their food items: 33 were assigned to lungworms (Superfamily Metastrongyloidae; genus Angiostrongylus), two to the genus Strongyloides, and one to the genus Austrostrongylus. The remaining 28 ASVs were assigned to nematodes that likely parasitize plants and/or invertebrates that the monkeys consume. Taken together with past dietary and coprological study of the same primate population, our results suggest that invertebrate consumption and parasitic infection, especially by lungworms, is common and widespread among this population of wild monkeys. We also discuss limitations of our approach, including the amplification of off-target ASVs, and make suggestions for future research. Overall, 18S screening shows promise for identifying various components of the capuchin gastrointestinal eukaryotic ecosystem, including parasitic helminths, and its utility will increase with the improvement of genetic databases.
Published: 2023

42. A global catalog of whole-genome diversity from 233 primate species

Author: Fundación la Caixa, Vienna Science and Technology Fund, European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), International Primatological Society, Rufford Foundation, Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation, Primate Conservation, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), German Research Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs, European Research Council, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), UK Research and Innovation, Department of Biotechnology (India), San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Wenner-Gren Foundation, Leakey Foundation, National Geographic Society, National Institute on Aging (US), National Institutes of Health (US), Swedish Research Council, National Research Foundation Singapore, Government of Singapore, Kuderna, Lukas F. K. [0000-0002-9992-9295], Kuhlwilm, Martin [0000-0002-0115-1797], Orkin, Joseph D. [0000-0001-6922-2072], Valenzuela, Alejandro [0000-0001-6120-6246], Juan, David [0000-0003-1912-9667], Lizano, Esther [0000-0003-3304-9807], Navarro, Arcadi [0000-0003-2162-8246], Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs [0000-0002-5597-3075], Kuderna, Lukas F. K., Gao, Hong, Janiak, Mareike C., Kuhlwilm, Martin, Orkin, Joseph D., Bataillon, Thomas, Manu, Shivakumara, Valenzuela, Alejandro, Bergman, Juraj, Rousselle, Marjolaine, Silva, Felipe Ennes, Agueda, Lidia, Blanc, Julie, Gut, Marta, Vries, Dorien de, Goodhead, Ian, Harris, R. Alan, Raveendran, Muthuswamy, Jensen, Axel, Chuma, Idrissa S., Horvath, Julie E., Hvilsom, Christina, Juan, David, Frandsen, Peter, Schraiber, Joshua G., Melo, Fabiano R. de, Bertuol, Fabrício, Byrne, Hazel, Sampaio, Iracilda, Farias, Izeni, Valsecchi, João, Messias, Malu, Silva, Maria N. F. da, Trivedi, Mihir, Rossi, Rogerio, Hrbek, Tomas, Andriaholinirina, Nicole, Rabarivola, Clément J., Zaramody, Alphonse, Jolly, Clifford J., Phillips-Conroy, Jane, Wilkerson, Gregory, Abee, Christian, Simmons, Joe H., Fernandez-Duque, Eduardo, Kanthaswamy, Sree, Shiferaw, Fekadu, Wu, Dongdong, Zhou, Long, Shao, Yong, Zhang, Guojie, Keyyu, Julius D., Knauf, Sascha, Le, Minh D., Lizano, Esther, Merker, Stefan, Navarro, Arcadi, Nadler, Tilo, Khor, Chiea Chuen, Lee, Jessica, Tan, Patrick, Lim, Weng Khong, Kitchener, Andrew C., Zinner, Dietmar, Gut, Ivo, Melin, Amanda D., Guschanski, Katerina, Schierup, Mikkel Heide, Beck, Robin M. D., Umapathy, Govindhaswamy, Roos, Christian, Boubli, Jean P., Rogers, Jeffrey, Farh, Kyle Kai-How, Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs, Fundación la Caixa, Vienna Science and Technology Fund, European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), International Primatological Society, Rufford Foundation, Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation, Primate Conservation, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), German Research Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs, European Research Council, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), UK Research and Innovation, Department of Biotechnology (India), San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Wenner-Gren Foundation, Leakey Foundation, National Geographic Society, National Institute on Aging (US), National Institutes of Health (US), Swedish Research Council, National Research Foundation Singapore, Government of Singapore, Kuderna, Lukas F. K. [0000-0002-9992-9295], Kuhlwilm, Martin [0000-0002-0115-1797], Orkin, Joseph D. [0000-0001-6922-2072], Valenzuela, Alejandro [0000-0001-6120-6246], Juan, David [0000-0003-1912-9667], Lizano, Esther [0000-0003-3304-9807], Navarro, Arcadi [0000-0003-2162-8246], Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs [0000-0002-5597-3075], Kuderna, Lukas F. K., Gao, Hong, Janiak, Mareike C., Kuhlwilm, Martin, Orkin, Joseph D., Bataillon, Thomas, Manu, Shivakumara, Valenzuela, Alejandro, Bergman, Juraj, Rousselle, Marjolaine, Silva, Felipe Ennes, Agueda, Lidia, Blanc, Julie, Gut, Marta, Vries, Dorien de, Goodhead, Ian, Harris, R. Alan, Raveendran, Muthuswamy, Jensen, Axel, Chuma, Idrissa S., Horvath, Julie E., Hvilsom, Christina, Juan, David, Frandsen, Peter, Schraiber, Joshua G., Melo, Fabiano R. de, Bertuol, Fabrício, Byrne, Hazel, Sampaio, Iracilda, Farias, Izeni, Valsecchi, João, Messias, Malu, Silva, Maria N. F. da, Trivedi, Mihir, Rossi, Rogerio, Hrbek, Tomas, Andriaholinirina, Nicole, Rabarivola, Clément J., Zaramody, Alphonse, Jolly, Clifford J., Phillips-Conroy, Jane, Wilkerson, Gregory, Abee, Christian, Simmons, Joe H., Fernandez-Duque, Eduardo, Kanthaswamy, Sree, Shiferaw, Fekadu, Wu, Dongdong, Zhou, Long, Shao, Yong, Zhang, Guojie, Keyyu, Julius D., Knauf, Sascha, Le, Minh D., Lizano, Esther, Merker, Stefan, Navarro, Arcadi, Nadler, Tilo, Khor, Chiea Chuen, Lee, Jessica, Tan, Patrick, Lim, Weng Khong, Kitchener, Andrew C., Zinner, Dietmar, Gut, Ivo, Melin, Amanda D., Guschanski, Katerina, Schierup, Mikkel Heide, Beck, Robin M. D., Umapathy, Govindhaswamy, Roos, Christian, Boubli, Jean P., Rogers, Jeffrey, Farh, Kyle Kai-How, and Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs
Abstract: The rich diversity of morphology and behavior displayed across primate species provides an informative context in which to study the impact of genomic diversity on fundamental biological processes. Analysis of that diversity provides insight into long-standing questions in evolutionary and conservation biology and is urgent given severe threats these species are facing. Here, we present high-coverage whole-genome data from 233 primate species representing 86% of genera and all 16 families. This dataset was used, together with fossil calibration, to create a nuclear DNA phylogeny and to reassess evolutionary divergence times among primate clades. We found within-species genetic diversity across families and geographic regions to be associated with climate and sociality, but not with extinction risk. Furthermore, mutation rates differ across species, potentially influenced by effective population sizes. Lastly, we identified extensive recurrence of missense mutations previously thought to be human specific. This study will open a wide range of research avenues for future primate genomic research.
Published: 2023

43. Host adaptation and specialization in Tetranychidae mites

Author: Government of Canada, Ontario Research Fund, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Bruinsma, Kristie [0000-0001-7913-7920], Rioja, Cristina [0000-0001-9713-1944], Zhurov, Vladimir [0000-0002-7120-4655], Santamaria, M. Estrella [0000-0003-4999-6227], Arbona, Vicent [0000-0003-2232-106X], Navarro, Marie [0009-0003-8441-3653], Cazaux, Marc [0009-0008-2329-0852], Auger, P. [0000-0002-2671-9561], Migeon, Alain [0000-0003-4041-5158], Wybouw, Nicky [0000-0001-7874-9765], Van Leeuwen, Thomas [0000-0003-4651-830X], Díaz, Isabel [0000-0001-9865-902X], Gómez-Cadenas, Aurelio [0000-0002-4598-2664], Sáenz-Navajas, María-Pilar [0000-0002-0702-4238], Bruinsma, Kristie, Rioja, Cristina, Zhurov, Vladimir, Santamaria, M. Estrella, Arbona, Vicent, Navarro, Marie, Cazaux, Marc, Auger, P., Migeon, Alain, Wybouw, Nicky, Van Leeuwen, Thomas, Díaz, Isabel, Gómez-Cadenas, Aurelio, Grbic, Miodrag, Sáenz-Navajas, María-Pilar, Grbić, Vojislava, Government of Canada, Ontario Research Fund, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Bruinsma, Kristie [0000-0001-7913-7920], Rioja, Cristina [0000-0001-9713-1944], Zhurov, Vladimir [0000-0002-7120-4655], Santamaria, M. Estrella [0000-0003-4999-6227], Arbona, Vicent [0000-0003-2232-106X], Navarro, Marie [0009-0003-8441-3653], Cazaux, Marc [0009-0008-2329-0852], Auger, P. [0000-0002-2671-9561], Migeon, Alain [0000-0003-4041-5158], Wybouw, Nicky [0000-0001-7874-9765], Van Leeuwen, Thomas [0000-0003-4651-830X], Díaz, Isabel [0000-0001-9865-902X], Gómez-Cadenas, Aurelio [0000-0002-4598-2664], Sáenz-Navajas, María-Pilar [0000-0002-0702-4238], Bruinsma, Kristie, Rioja, Cristina, Zhurov, Vladimir, Santamaria, M. Estrella, Arbona, Vicent, Navarro, Marie, Cazaux, Marc, Auger, P., Migeon, Alain, Wybouw, Nicky, Van Leeuwen, Thomas, Díaz, Isabel, Gómez-Cadenas, Aurelio, Grbic, Miodrag, Sáenz-Navajas, María-Pilar, and Grbić, Vojislava
Abstract: Composite generalist herbivores are comprised of host-adapted populations that retain the ability to shift hosts. The degree and overlap of mechanisms used by host-adapted generalist and specialist herbivores to overcome the same host plant defenses are largely unknown. Tetranychidae mites are exceptionally suited to address the relationship between host adaptation and specialization in herbivores as this group harbors closely related species with remarkably different host ranges-an extreme generalist the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch [Tu]) and the Solanaceous specialist Tetranychus evansi (Te). Here, we used tomato-adapted two-spotted spider mite (Tu-A) and Te populations to compare mechanisms underlying their host adaptation and specialization. We show that both mites attenuate induced tomato defenses, including protease inhibitors (PIs) that target mite cathepsin L digestive proteases. While Te solely relies on transcriptional attenuation of PI induction, Tu and Tu-A have elevated constitutive activity of cathepsin L proteases, making them less susceptible to plant anti-digestive proteins. Tu-A and Te also rely on detoxification of tomato constitutive defenses. Te uses esterase and P450 activities, while Tu-A depends on the activity of all major detoxification enzymatic classes to disarm tomato defensive compounds to a lesser extent. Thus, even though both Tu-A and Te use similar mechanisms to counteract tomato defenses, Te can better cope with them. This finding is congruent with the ecological and evolutionary times required to establish mite adaptation and specialization states, respectively.
Published: 2023

44. A critical thermal transition driving spring phenology of Northern Hemisphere conifers

Author: Xinjiang Province, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Zhejiang University, Austrian Science Fund, Observatoire Régional de Recherche sur la Forêt Boréale (Canada), Consortium de Recherche sur la Forêt Boréale Commerciale (Canada), Fonds de Recherche du Québec, Forêt d'Enseignement et de Recherche Simoncouche, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Slovenian Research Agency, Swiss National Science Foundation, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Academy of Finland, Czech Science Foundation, Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Russian Science Foundation, Huang, Jian-Guo, Zhang, Yaling, Wang, Minhuang, Yu, Xiaohan, Deslauriers, Annie, Fonti, Patrick, Liang, Eryuan, Mäkinen, H., Oberhuber, W., Rathgeber, Cyrille, Tognetti, Roberto, Treml, Václav, Yang, Bao, Zhai, Lihong, Zhang, Jiao-Lin, Antonucci, Serena, Bergeron, Yves, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Campelo, Filipe, Cufar, Katarina, Cuny, Henri E., Luis, Martín de, Fajstavr, Marek, Giovannelli, Alessio, Gričar, Jožica, Gruber, Andreas, Gryc, Vladimír, Güney, Aylin, Jyske, Tuula, Kašpar, Jakub, King, Gregory, Krause, Cornelia, Lemay, Audrey, Liu, Feng, Lombardi, Fabio, Martínez del Castillo, Edurne, Morin, Hubert, Nabais, C., Nöjd, Pekka, Peters, Richard L., Prislan, Peter, Saracino, Antonio, Shishov, Vladimir V., Swidrak, Irene, Vavrčík, Hanuš, Vieira, Joana, Zeng, Qiao, Liu, Yu, Rossi, Sergio, Xinjiang Province, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Zhejiang University, Austrian Science Fund, Observatoire Régional de Recherche sur la Forêt Boréale (Canada), Consortium de Recherche sur la Forêt Boréale Commerciale (Canada), Fonds de Recherche du Québec, Forêt d'Enseignement et de Recherche Simoncouche, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Slovenian Research Agency, Swiss National Science Foundation, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Academy of Finland, Czech Science Foundation, Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Russian Science Foundation, Huang, Jian-Guo, Zhang, Yaling, Wang, Minhuang, Yu, Xiaohan, Deslauriers, Annie, Fonti, Patrick, Liang, Eryuan, Mäkinen, H., Oberhuber, W., Rathgeber, Cyrille, Tognetti, Roberto, Treml, Václav, Yang, Bao, Zhai, Lihong, Zhang, Jiao-Lin, Antonucci, Serena, Bergeron, Yves, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Campelo, Filipe, Cufar, Katarina, Cuny, Henri E., Luis, Martín de, Fajstavr, Marek, Giovannelli, Alessio, Gričar, Jožica, Gruber, Andreas, Gryc, Vladimír, Güney, Aylin, Jyske, Tuula, Kašpar, Jakub, King, Gregory, Krause, Cornelia, Lemay, Audrey, Liu, Feng, Lombardi, Fabio, Martínez del Castillo, Edurne, Morin, Hubert, Nabais, C., Nöjd, Pekka, Peters, Richard L., Prislan, Peter, Saracino, Antonio, Shishov, Vladimir V., Swidrak, Irene, Vavrčík, Hanuš, Vieira, Joana, Zeng, Qiao, Liu, Yu, and Rossi, Sergio
Abstract: Despite growing interest in predicting plant phenological shifts, advanced spring phenology by global climate change remains debated. Evidence documenting either small or large advancement of spring phenology to rising temperature over the spatio-temporal scales implies a potential existence of a thermal threshold in the responses of forests to global warming. We collected a unique data set of xylem cell-wall-thickening onset dates in 20 coniferous species covering a broad mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient (−3.05 to 22.9°C) across the Northern Hemisphere (latitudes 23°–66° N). Along the MAT gradient, we identified a threshold temperature (using segmented regression) of 4.9 ± 1.1°C, above which the response of xylem phenology to rising temperatures significantly decline. This threshold separates the Northern Hemisphere conifers into cold and warm thermal niches, with MAT and spring forcing being the primary drivers for the onset dates (estimated by linear and Bayesian mixed-effect models), respectively. The identified thermal threshold should be integrated into the Earth-System-Models for a better understanding of spring phenology in response to global warming and an improved prediction of global climate-carbon feedbacks.
Published: 2023

45. The Arabidopsis thioredoxin TRXh5regulates the S-nitrosylation pattern of the TIRK receptor being both proteins essential in the modulation of defences to Tetranychus urticae

Author: European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Government of Canada, Ontario Research Fund, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Arnaiz, A., Romero-Puertas, María C., Santamaria, M. Estrella, Rosa-Diaz, Irene, Arbona, Vicent, Muñoz, Alfonso, Grbic, V., González-Melendi, Pablo, Mar Castellano, M., Sandalio, Luisa M., Martinez, M., Diaz, I., European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Government of Canada, Ontario Research Fund, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Arnaiz, A., Romero-Puertas, María C., Santamaria, M. Estrella, Rosa-Diaz, Irene, Arbona, Vicent, Muñoz, Alfonso, Grbic, V., González-Melendi, Pablo, Mar Castellano, M., Sandalio, Luisa M., Martinez, M., and Diaz, I.
Abstract: The interaction between plants and phytophagous arthropods encompasses a complex network of molecules, signals, and pathways to overcome defences generated by each interacting organism. Although most of the elements and modulators involved in this interplay are still unidentified, plant redox homeostasis and signalling are essential for the establishment of defence responses. Here, focusing on the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, we demonstrate the involvement in plant defence of the thioredoxin TRXh5, a small redox protein whose expression is induced by mite infestation. TRXh5 is localized in the cell membrane system and cytoplasm and is associated with alterations in the content of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Protein S-nitrosylation signal in TRXh5 over-expression lines is decreased and alteration in TRXh5 level produces changes in the JA/SA hormonal crosstalk of infested plants. Moreover, TRXh5 interacts and likely regulates the redox state of an uncharacterized receptor-like kinase, named THIOREDOXIN INTERACTING RECEPTOR KINASE (TIRK), also induced by mite herbivory. Feeding bioassays performed withTRXh5 over-expression plants result in lower leaf damage and reduced egg accumulation after T. urticae infestation than in wild-type (WT) plants. In contrast, mites cause a more severe injury in trxh5 mutant lines where a greater number of eggs accumulates. Likewise, analysis of TIRK-gain and -loss-of-function lines demonstrate the defence role of this receptor in Arabidopsis against T. urticae. Altogether, our findings demonstrate the interaction between TRXh5 and TIRK and highlight the importance of TRXh5 and TIRK in the establishment of effective Arabidopsis defences against spider mite herbivory.
Published: 2023

46. Light-driven self-oscillation of thermoplasmonic nanocolloids

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Eusko Jaurlaritza, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs, Mezzasalma, Stefano Antonio, Kruse, Joscha, Merkens, Stefan, Lopez, Eneko, Seifert, Andreas, Morandotti, Roberto, Grzelczak, Marek, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Eusko Jaurlaritza, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs, Mezzasalma, Stefano Antonio, Kruse, Joscha, Merkens, Stefan, Lopez, Eneko, Seifert, Andreas, Morandotti, Roberto, and Grzelczak, Marek
Abstract: Self-oscillation-the periodic change of a system under a non-periodic stimulus-is vital for creating low-maintenance autonomous devices in soft robotics technologies. Soft composites of macroscopic dimensions are often doped with plasmonic nanoparticles to enhance energy dissipation and generate periodic response. However, while it is still unknown whether a dispersion of photonic nanocrystals may respond to light as a soft actuator, a dynamic analysis of nanocolloids self-oscillating in a liquid is also lacking. This study presents a new self-oscillator model for illuminated colloidal systems. It predicts that the surface temperature of thermoplasmonic nanoparticles and the number density of their clusters jointly oscillate at frequencies ranging from infrasonic to acoustic values. New experiments with spontaneously clustering gold nanorods, where the photothermal effect alters the interplay of light (stimulus) with the disperse system on a macroscopic scale, strongly support the theory. These findings enlarge the current view on self-oscillation phenomena and anticipate the colloidal state of matter to be a suitable host for accommodating light-propelled machineries. In broad terms, a complex system behavior is observed, which goes from periodic solutions (Hopf-Poincaré-Andronov bifurcation) to a new dynamic attractor driven by nanoparticle interactions, linking thermoplasmonics to nonlinearity and chaos.
Published: 2023

47. Characterization of the polysilicon resistor in silicon strip sensors for ATLAS inner tracker as a function of temperature, pre- and post-irradiation

Author: U.S. Department of Energy, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), 0000-0001-9591-5622, 0000-0001-7303-2570, 0000-0002-4090-371X, 0000-0002-0296-9988, 0000-0001-9214-8528, 0000-0002-2037-7185, 0000-0003-0154-4328, 0000-0003-4176-2768, 0000-0002-1176-2313, 0000-0003-3674-7475, 0000-0002-4919-0808, 0000-0003-1629-0535, 0000-0002-2389-1286, #NODATA#, 0000-0003-2486-7672, 0000-0001-6145-7467, 0000-0001-6215-3326, 0000-0003-1545-0875, 0000-0002-2623-6252, 0000-0001-7456-494X, 0000-0002-0131-7523, 0000-0003-1277-2596, 0000-0002-8690-9746, 0000-0001-5493-6486, 0000-0002-1170-6311, 0000-0002-7674-7878, 0000-0003-0728-1805, 0000-0002-4170-8537, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72], Latoňová, V., Allport, P. P., Bach, E., Bernabeu, J., Chisholm, A., Cindro, V., Fadeyev, V., Federičová, P., Fernandez-Tejero, J., George, W., Gonella, L., Hara, K., Hirose, S., Ishii, T., Knight, T., Kopsalis, I., Kroll, J., Kvasnička, J., Lacasta, C., Lomas, J., Mandić, I., Mikeštíková, M., Orr, R. S., Rossi, E., Solaz, C., Soldevila, U., Ullán Comes, Miguel, Unno, Y., U.S. Department of Energy, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), 0000-0001-9591-5622, 0000-0001-7303-2570, 0000-0002-4090-371X, 0000-0002-0296-9988, 0000-0001-9214-8528, 0000-0002-2037-7185, 0000-0003-0154-4328, 0000-0003-4176-2768, 0000-0002-1176-2313, 0000-0003-3674-7475, 0000-0002-4919-0808, 0000-0003-1629-0535, 0000-0002-2389-1286, #NODATA#, 0000-0003-2486-7672, 0000-0001-6145-7467, 0000-0001-6215-3326, 0000-0003-1545-0875, 0000-0002-2623-6252, 0000-0001-7456-494X, 0000-0002-0131-7523, 0000-0003-1277-2596, 0000-0002-8690-9746, 0000-0001-5493-6486, 0000-0002-1170-6311, 0000-0002-7674-7878, 0000-0003-0728-1805, 0000-0002-4170-8537, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72], Latoňová, V., Allport, P. P., Bach, E., Bernabeu, J., Chisholm, A., Cindro, V., Fadeyev, V., Federičová, P., Fernandez-Tejero, J., George, W., Gonella, L., Hara, K., Hirose, S., Ishii, T., Knight, T., Kopsalis, I., Kroll, J., Kvasnička, J., Lacasta, C., Lomas, J., Mandić, I., Mikeštíková, M., Orr, R. S., Rossi, E., Solaz, C., Soldevila, U., Ullán Comes, Miguel, and Unno, Y.
Abstract: The high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider, foreseen for 2029, requires the replacement of the ATLAS Inner Detector with a new all-silicon Inner Tracker (ITk). The expected ultimate total integrated luminosity of 4000 fb−1 means that the strip part of the ITk detector will be exposed to the total particle fluences and ionizing doses reaching the values of 1.6⋅1015MeVneq/cm2 and 0.66MGy, respectively, including a safety factor of 1.5. Radiation hard n+-in-p micro-strip sensors were developed by the ATLAS ITk strip collaboration and are produced by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. The active area of each ITk strip sensor is delimited by the n-implant bias ring, which is connected to each individual n+ implant strip by a polysilicon bias resistor. The total resistance of the polysilicon bias resistor should be within a specified range to keep all the strips at the same potential, prevent the signal discharge through the grounded bias ring and avoid the readout noise increase. While the polysilicon is a ubiquitous semiconductor material, the fluence and temperature dependence of its resistance is not easily predictable, especially for the tracking detector with the operational temperature significantly below the values typical for commercial microelectronics. Dependence of the resistance of polysilicon bias resistor on the temperature, as well as on the total delivered fluence and ionizing dose, was studied on the specially-designed test structures called ATLAS Testchips, both before and after their irradiation by protons, neutrons, and gammas to the maximal expected fluence and ionizing dose. The resistance has an atypical negative temperature dependence. It is different from silicon, which shows that the grain boundary has a significant contribution to the resistance. We discuss the contributions by parameterizing the activation energy of the polysilicon resistance as a function of the temperature for unirradiated and irradiated ATLAS Testchips.
Published: 2023

48. Evaluation of an Emergency Department Influenza Vaccination Program: Uptake Factors and Opportunities

Author: Parrish, Canada, Parrish, Canada, Phares, Crystal A., Fredrickson, Tim, Lynch, John B., Whiteside, Lauren K., Duber, Herbert C., Parrish, Canada, Parrish, Canada, Phares, Crystal A., Fredrickson, Tim, Lynch, John B., Whiteside, Lauren K., and Duber, Herbert C.
Abstract: Introduction: Influenza vaccines are commonly provided through community health events and primary care appointments. However, acute unscheduled healthcare visits such as emergency department (ED) visits are increasingly viewed as important vaccination opportunities. Emergency departments may be well-positioned to complement broader public health efforts with integrated vaccination programs. Methods: We studied an ED-based influenza vaccination initiative in an urban hospital and examined patient-level factors associated with screening and vaccination uptake. Our analyses included patient visits to the ED from October 1, 2019-April 1, 2020. Results: The influenza screening and vaccination program proved feasible. Of the 20,878 ED visits that occurred within the study period, 3,565 (17.1%) included a screening for influenza vaccine eligibility; a small proportion (11.5%) of the patients seen had multiple screenings. Among the patients screened eligible for the vaccine, 916 ultimately received an influenza vaccination while in the ED (43.7% of eligible patients). There was significant variability in the characteristics of patients who were and were not screened and vaccinated. Age, gender, race, preferred language, and receipt of a flu vaccine in prior years were associated with screening and/or receiving a vaccine in the ED. Conclusion: Vaccination programs in the ED can boost community vaccination rates and play a role in both preventing and treating current and future vaccine-preventable public health crises, although efforts must be made to deliver services equitably.
Published: 2022

49. Evaluation of an Emergency Department Influenza Vaccination Program: Uptake Factors and Opportunities

Author: Parrish, Canada, Parrish, Canada, Phares, Crystal A., Fredrickson, Tim, Lynch, John B., Whiteside, Lauren K., Duber, Herbert C., Parrish, Canada, Parrish, Canada, Phares, Crystal A., Fredrickson, Tim, Lynch, John B., Whiteside, Lauren K., and Duber, Herbert C.
Abstract: Introduction: Influenza vaccines are commonly provided through community health events and primary care appointments. However, acute unscheduled healthcare visits such as emergency department (ED) visits are increasingly viewed as important vaccination opportunities. Emergency departments may be well-positioned to complement broader public health efforts with integrated vaccination programs. Methods: We studied an ED-based influenza vaccination initiative in an urban hospital and examined patient-level factors associated with screening and vaccination uptake. Our analyses included patient visits to the ED from October 1, 2019-April 1, 2020. Results: The influenza screening and vaccination program proved feasible. Of the 20,878 ED visits that occurred within the study period, 3,565 (17.1%) included a screening for influenza vaccine eligibility; a small proportion (11.5%) of the patients seen had multiple screenings. Among the patients screened eligible for the vaccine, 916 ultimately received an influenza vaccination while in the ED (43.7% of eligible patients). There was significant variability in the characteristics of patients who were and were not screened and vaccinated. Age, gender, race, preferred language, and receipt of a flu vaccine in prior years were associated with screening and/or receiving a vaccine in the ED. Conclusion: Vaccination programs in the ED can boost community vaccination rates and play a role in both preventing and treating current and future vaccine-preventable public health crises, although efforts must be made to deliver services equitably.
Published: 2022

50. FAUST V. Hot methanol in the [BHB2007] 11 protobinary system; hot corino versus shock origin

Author: European Commission, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), National Research Council of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), National Science Foundation (US), Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan), Vastel, Charlotte, Jiménez-Serra, Izaskun, Busquet, Gemma, European Commission, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), National Research Council of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), National Science Foundation (US), Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan), Vastel, Charlotte, Jiménez-Serra, Izaskun, and Busquet, Gemma
Abstract: [Aims] Methanol is a ubiquitous species commonly found in the molecular interstellar medium. It is also a crucial seed species for the build-up of chemical complexity in star forming regions. Thus, understanding how its abundance evolves during the star formation process and whether it enriches the emerging planetary system is of paramount importance., [Methods] We used new data from the ALMA Large Program FAUST (Fifty AU STudy of the chemistry in the disc/envelope system of solar protostars) to study the methanol line emission towards the [BHB2007] 11 protobinary system (sources A and B), where a complex structure of filaments connecting the two sources with a larger circumbinary disc has previously been detected., [Results] Twelve methanol lines have been detected with upper energies in the [45–537] K range along with one 13CH3OH transition and one methyl formate (CH3OCHO) line blended with one of the methanol transitions. The methanol emission is compact (FWHM ~ 0.5″) and encompasses both protostars, which are separated by only 0.2″ (28 au). In addition, the overall methanol line emission presents three velocity components, which are not spatially resolved by our observations. Nonetheless, a detailed analysis of the spatial origin of these three components suggests that they are associated with three different spatial regions, with two of them close to 11B and the third one associated with 11A. A radiative transfer analysis of the methanol lines gives a kinetic temperature of [100–140] K, an H2 volume density of 106–107 cm−3 and column density of a few 1018 cm−2 in all three components with a source size of ~0.15″. Thus, this hot and dense gas is highly enriched in methanol with an abundance as high as 10−5. Using previous continuum data, we show that dust opacity can potentially completely absorb the methanol line emission from the two binary objects., [Conclusions] Although we cannot firmly exclude other possibilities, we suggest that the detected hot methanol is resulting from the shocked gas from the incoming filaments streaming towards [BHB2007] 11A and B, respectively. Higher spatial resolution observations are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
Published: 2022

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