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Este libro nace con la intención de facilitar al lector una serie de herramientas y técnicas de la ingeniería mecánica aplicadas al diagnóstico y corrección de fallos en componentes mecánicos de máquinas rotativas. La idea es proporcionarle los conocimientos necesarios para realizar su mantenimiento predictivo mediante medida de vibraciones de la forma adecuada. Para ello, esta obra se organiza en tres bloques. En el primero se presentan los problemas que pueden darse en los elementos mecánicos más habituales en este tipo de máquinas como son rodamientos, cojinetes y transmisiones mecánicas. El segundo bloque se dedica al mantenimiento predictivo por vibraciones. Inicialmente se revisan los fundamentos del análisis y medida de señales, tanto en el dominio del tiempo como de la frecuencia, para después describir de forma detallada distintos tipos de fallos que pueden aparecer en el funcionamiento de estas máquinas, indicándose como pueden ser detectados mediante la medida de vibraciones. Finalmente, en el tercer bloque se presentan las técnicas para la corrección de dos de los problemas más habituales que aparecen en maquinaria rotativa, como son los desequilibrios y la desalineación de ejes.

Este libro nace con la intención de facilitar al lector una serie de herramientas y técnicas de la ingeniería mecánica aplicadas al diagnóstico y corrección de fallos en componentes mecánicos de máquinas rotativas. La idea es proporcionarle los conocimientos necesarios para realizar su mantenimiento predictivo mediante medida de vibraciones de la forma adecuada. Para ello, esta obra se organiza en tres bloques. En el primero se presentan los problemas que pueden darse en los elementos mecánicos más habituales en este tipo de máquinas como son rodamientos, cojinetes y transmisiones mecánicas. El segundo bloque se dedica al mantenimiento predictivo por vibraciones. Inicialmente se revisan los fundamentos del análisis y medida de señales, tanto en el dominio del tiempo como de la frecuencia, para después describir de forma detallada distintos tipos de fallos que pueden aparecer en el funcionamiento de estas máquinas, indicándose como pueden ser detectados mediante la medida de vibraciones. Finalmente, en el tercer bloque se presentan las técnicas para la corrección de dos de los problemas más habituales que aparecen en maquinaria rotativa, como son los desequilibrios y la desalineación de ejes.

This article examines how the Castilian conquest of Granada and the conversion of its inhabitants to Christianity affected the Catholic Church; specifically, it analyses the role played by parish churches as recipients and administrators of religious donations, first from Muslims and later from converts. This study shows that the Church was not the only beneficiary of the donations it received, since these gifts were part of a strategy on the part of converts to be accepted as legal members of Castilian society and on the part of the Crown in its campaign for the unity of the kingdom.

During cerebral cortex development, excitatory pyramidal neurons (PNs) establish specific projection patterns while receiving inputs from GABAergic inhibitory interneurons (INs). Whether these inhibitory inputs can shape PNs' projection patterns is, however, unknown. While layer 4 (L4) PNs of the primary somatosensory (S1) cortex are all born as long-range callosal projection neurons (CPNs), most of them acquire local connectivity upon activity-dependent elimination of their interhemispheric axons during postnatal development. Here, we demonstrate that precise developmental regulation of inhibition is key for the retraction of S1L4 PNs' callosal projections. Ablation of somatostatin INs leads to premature inhibition from parvalbumin INs onto S1L4 PNs and prevents them from acquiring their barrel-restricted local connectivity pattern. As a result, adult S1L4 PNs retain interhemispheric projections responding to tactile stimuli, and the mice lose whisker-based texture discrimination. Overall, we show that temporally ordered IN activity during development is key to shaping local ipsilateral S1L4 PNs' projection pattern, which is required for fine somatosensory processing.

Este libro nace con la intención de facilitar al lector una serie de herramientas y técnicas de la ingeniería mecánica aplicadas al diagnóstico y corrección de fallos en componentes mecánicos de máquinas rotativas. La idea es proporcionarle los conocimientos necesarios para realizar su mantenimiento predictivo mediante medida de vibraciones de la forma adecuada. Para ello, esta obra se organiza en tres bloques. En el primero se presentan los problemas que pueden darse en los elementos mecánicos más habituales en este tipo de máquinas como son rodamientos, cojinetes y transmisiones mecánicas. El segundo bloque se dedica al mantenimiento predictivo por vibraciones. Inicialmente se revisan los fundamentos del análisis y medida de señales, tanto en el dominio del tiempo como de la frecuencia, para después describir de forma detallada distintos tipos de fallos que pueden aparecer en el funcionamiento de estas máquinas, indicándose como pueden ser detectados mediante la medida de vibraciones. Finalmente, en el tercer bloque se presentan las técnicas para la corrección de dos de los problemas más habituales que aparecen en maquinaria rotativa, como son los desequilibrios y la desalineación de ejes.

[Abstract]: This study aimed to compare the effect of 2 training programs of equated power but differing in load intensity on older adults' functionality, strength, performance, and body composition. Forty-four active (23 female) older adults (66.3 ± 4.5 years) were randomly assigned to low-load high-velocity (LL-HV), high-load low-velocity (HL-LV), and control (CON) groups. Low-load high-velocity and HL-LV performed, twice weekly for 5 weeks, a resistance training program at 95% of their individual peak power (PP) but with different load intensities for 3 exercises: chest press (CHP), leg press (LP), and seated row (SR). Before and after the intervention, body composition, functional performance, maximal voluntary isokinetic force (MVF), PP, and a relative load-power profile (L-PP) were evaluated for every exercise. PP similarly improved in the experimental groups for SR and LP (p < 0.05). Both groups increased their MVF for the 3 exercises (p < 0.05). Positive effects on L-PP were observed in LL-HV for SR (p = 0.009) and HL-LV for LP (p < 0.001). CON decreased its global power performance in SR (p = 0.009) and CHP (p = 0.031) compared with the baseline. Both experimental groups improved Timed Up and Go performance (p < 0.05), but only HL-LV increased 6-minute walking performance (pre: 514.3 ± 89.0 m, post: 552.6 ± 65.4 m; p < 0.05). In conclusion, adding short-term power training (i.e., 10 sessions throughout 5 weeks) with loads slightly above the optimal load to nonsupervised multicomponent training might improve active older adults' functional performance and cardiovascular endurance.

[Abstract] Introduction: This study aimed to determine the body accelerations (BA) profile of the judo contest of the male and female weight divisions and to ascertain the involvement of the vertical, mediolateral and anteroposterior axes in it.

Harmful algal blooms are one of the leading causes of mortality in salmon aquaculture, with significant economic consequences. From 15 to 31 October 1996, a bloom of the skeletonized form of Octactis speculum (Ehrenberg) F.H. Chang, J.M. Grieve & J.E. Sutherland was detected in the small Merexo inlet (1.7 km2 area), located on the southern shore of the Ria of Muxía (Galicia, NW Spain). The O. speculum population inside the inlet (data period: 1992–1996) seldom exceeded 4·103 cell·L−1. However, its concentration reached 2·105 cell·L−1 during the bloom, coinciding with a decrease in light penetration from 5 to 2 m deep, as measured using a Secchi disk. Although similar concentrations were reported during late October 1992, this was the first time that a bloom was associated with caged salmon (Salmo salar, Linnaeus 1758) mortality in the Galician coastal waters. This mortality was not associated with anoxia in the water column, but with fish gill irritations and mucus segregation due to gill clogging. Excess nitrate and silicate, the latter being essential for skeleton formation, were measured in the inlet during the bloom, with phosphate acting as the limiting nutrient (high negative correlation). Blooms of O. speculum occurred in autumn–winter, when water was retained within the inlet under meteorological conditions of southwest winds (which prompted downwelling conditions) and clear skies. A review of the oceanographic database of the Galician rias showed that massive O. speculum proliferations are also commonplace in other rias with similar environmental conditions, such as the Ria of Ares-Betanzos, and can therefore constitute a threat for the development of salmon aquaculture on this coast.

[EN] This paper aims to analyse how the poor in al-Andalus were viewed by the rest of the Muslim community in the chronological framework from the 8th to the 12th centuries, as revealed by what a selection of Andalusi sources -especially of a historical and biographical nature- have to say regarding the marginalization and the integration of this sector of the population. These texts refer mainly to the urban environment, since they are laconic in everything that concerns the rural area. In general, these types of sources do not provide detailed information on this topic. These limitations also extend to the approach that these texts project in relation to poverty: although they do not reflect the point of view of the poor on their state of deprivation, we do have the vision that their coreligionists had of them, so we can know how they were perceived by the rest of society. One must first ask what kind of people made up this social stratum and what events might disrupt the social equilibrium in such a way that poverty was the result. Next, the position occupied by the poor in society is reviewed in terms of the degree of acceptance or rejection they aroused in the general population. This allows us to visualise the dynamic implicit in the organisation of social relations, that is, how the interaction between the individual and society was articulated. In this context, one must consider the functional and emotional aspects of charity, showing it to be a key factor for the understanding of the interface between social equilibrium and inequality in al-Andalus.

Catálogo de la exposición celebrada del 9 de febrero al 26 de abril de 2023 en el Salón de Actos de la Escuela de Estudios Árabes (EEA), CSIC. El catálogo recoge los contenidos de los paneles, además de algunas imágenes del acto de inauguración del 90 aniversario de la EEA celebrado el 21 de noviembre de 2022. La Escuela de Estudios Árabes (EEA) es un instituto de investigación fundado en 1932 y perteneciente al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) desde 1939. Desde 1932 hasta 1948, la EEA desarrolló al mismo tiempo docencia e investigación. Hoy en día, la labor investigadora de la EEA se centra en el estudio de la historia y de la cultura de las sociedades árabes e islámicas -con especial atención a al-Andalus- a partir del análisis de fuentes textuales, materiales y orales. Entre las diversas líneas de investigación que se desarrollan en la EEA cabe destacar las siguientes: arqueología medieval islámica y cristiana, arqueología de la arquitectura, arquitectura y urbanismo islámicos, dialectología árabe, epigrafía árabe, edición y traducción de textos árabes, Granada en época islámica y morisca, e historia del islam. Su actividad abarca, además, la docencia en cursos de máster, dirección de tesis doctorales y trabajos de fin de máster, publicaciones, organización de cursos especializados y ciclos de conferencias, etc.

[EN] This contribution deals with the link between charity and shari‘a. On the one hand, it examines the importance of the concept of charity as a religious ideal and social practice from the dawn of Islamic history to the current day. On the other hand, it reveals how the Islamic normative texts and the interpretations of the ulemas defined the guidelines for the correct distribution of alms. It also shows how these textual references did not inspire identical charitable practices throughout the Islamic world, and how these practices took numerous forms over time and space., [ES] Esta contribución aborda el vínculo existente entre caridad y sharía. Por una parte, se examina la trascendencia que tuvo el concepto de caridad como ideal religioso y práctica social desde los albores de la historia islámica hasta la actualidad. Por otra parte, se pone de manifiesto cómo los textos normativos islámicos y las interpretaciones de los ulemas definieron las pautas para la correcta distribución de limosnas. Asimismo, se expone como esas referencias textuales no inspiraron idénticas prácticas de caridad en todo el orbe islámico, por lo que estas fueron adoptando numerosas formas a través del tiempo y del espacio.

[EN] The aim of this article is to broaden our knowledge of the metrological system of the Morisco period in the kingdom of Granada and, more specifically, in the rural area of the Alpujarra. The sources used in the analysis are two inventories of ecclesiastical goods from Islamic origin, drawn up in 1527 and 1530, four decades after the culmination of the Christian conquest of al-Andalus. The article explores the agrarian units of measurement used by the Morisco community of the Alpujarra in their daily lives (measures of surface area and length, weight or mass, volume or capacity, and of water used for irrigation). As far as possible, equivalences are presented for the units discussed. Attempts are made to establish whether these measures were inherited from the Andalusi period or whether, on the contrary, they were the result of the implementation of Castilian legislation on the matter. The data gathered have revealed the existence of a hybrid measurement system, which shows that the ordinances to modify the system of weights and measures of the Muslims and to seek a correspondence with the Castilian system had little effect in the Alpujarra, where, in many cases, the Islamic system of measurement continued in use. This circumstance indicates that the changes and transformations in the daily life of this rural community after the Christian conquest were not as imminent as might have been expected., [ES] El objetivo de este artículo es ampliar el conocimiento del sistema de pesos y medidas de la época morisca en el reino de Granada y, más concretamente, en la zona rural de la Alpujarra. Las fuentes utilizadas en el análisis son dos inventarios que registran bienes eclesiásticos de origen islámico, elaborados en 1527 y 1530, cuatro décadas después de la culminación de la conquista cristiana de al-Andalus. El artículo explora las unidades de medida agrarias utilizadas por la comunidad morisca de la Alpujarra en su vida cotidiana (medidas de superficie y longitud, peso o masa, volumen o capacidad, y de agua utilizada para el riego). En la medida de lo posible, se presentan las equivalencias de las unidades analizadas. Asimismo, se intenta establecer si estas medidas fueron heredadas de la época andalusí o si, por el contrario, fueron el resultado de la aplicación de la legislación castellana en la materia. Los datos recogidos han revelado la existencia de un sistema de medidas híbrido, lo que demuestra que las ordenanzas para modificar el sistema de pesos y medidas de los musulmanes y buscar una correspondencia con el sistema castellano tuvieron poco efecto en la Alpujarra, donde, en muchos casos, el sistema de medidas islámico siguió en uso. Esta circunstancia indica que no todos los cambios y transformaciones en la vida cotidiana de esta comunidad rural tras la conquista cristiana fueron tan inminentes como cabría esperar.

BACKGROUND: Platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) followed by avelumab switch maintenance in nonprogressors is standard first line (1L) treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC). We describe clinical features and outcomes in a real-world cohort treated with avelumab maintenance for aUC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients (pts) who received 1L switch maintenance avelumab after no progression on PBC for aUC. We calculated progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from initiation of maintenance avelumab. We also described OS and PFS for specific subsets using Cox regression and observed response rate (ORR). RESULTS: A total of 108 pts with aUC from 14 sites treated with maintenance avelumab were included. There was a median of 6 weeks1-30 from end of PBC to avelumab initiation; median follow-up time from avelumab initiation was 8.8 months (1-42.7). Median [m]PFS was 9.6 months (95%CI 7.5-12.1) and estimated 1-year OS was 72.5%. CR/PR (vs. SD) to 1L PBC (HR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.13-0.87) and ECOG PS 0 (vs. ≥1), (HR = 0.15, 95% CI 0.05-0.47) were associated with longer OS. The presence of liver metastases was associated with shorter PFS (HR = 2.32, 95% CI 1.17-4.59). ORR with avelumab maintenance was 28.7% (complete response 17.6%, partial response 11.1%), 29.6% stable disease, 26.9% progressive disease as best response (14.8% best response unknown). CONCLUSIONS: Results seem relatively consistent with findings from JAVELIN Bladder100 trial and recent real world studies. Prior response to platinum-based chemotherapy, ECOG PS 0, and absence of liver metastases were favorable prognostic factors. Limitations include the retrospective design, lack of randomization and central scan review, and possible selection/confounding biases.

Plastic debris is thought to be widespread in freshwater ecosystems globally(1). However, a lack of comprehensive and comparable data makes rigorous assessment of its distribution challenging(2,3). Here we present a standardized cross-national survey that assesses the abundance and type of plastic debris (>250 mu m) in freshwater ecosystems. We sample surface waters of 38 lakes and reservoirs, distributed across gradients of geographical position and limnological attributes, with the aim to identify factors associated with an increased observation of plastics. We find plastic debris in all studied lakes and reservoirs, suggesting that these ecosystems play a key role in the plastic-pollution cycle. Our results indicate that two types of lakes are particularly vulnerable to plastic contamination: lakes and reservoirs in densely populated and urbanized areas and large lakes and reservoirs with elevated deposition areas, long water-retention times and high levels of anthropogenic influence. Plastic concentrations vary widely among lakes; in the most polluted, concentrations reach or even exceed those reported in the subtropical oceanic gyres, marine areas collecting large amounts of debris(4). Our findings highlight the importance of including lakes and reservoirs when addressing plastic pollution, in the context of pollution management and for the continued provision of lake ecosystem services.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a gamified didactic unit (UD) compared to a traditional methodology UD on motivation and motor learning in physical education students. Methods: 42 students (15 ± 0.4 years) distributed in two classes in the 3rd year of the high school performed six judo sessions. Randomly, an innovative methodology based on gamification was applied in one class and a traditional methodology based on direct command and task assignment in the other. We evaluated the students' motivation before and after the intervention. And at the end of the UD, we assessed the students' motor learning and attitudinal and social aspects with a rubric. Results: gamification increased student learning compared to the traditional teaching group without modifying motivation levels. Conclusion: the results obtained show the great potential of gamification as a tool for physical education teachers to achieve more improvement in motor learning in their sports initiation students., Introducción: El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los efectos de una Unidad Didáctica (UD) gamificada en comparación con una UD de metodología tradicional, sobre los niveles de motivación y de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de educación física. Material y método: 42 estudiantes (15 ± 0.4 años) distribuidos en dos clases de 3º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria realizaron seis sesiones de una UD de judo. De forma aleatoria, se aplicó una metodología innovadora en una de las clases basada en la gamificación, y una metodología tradicional basada en el mando directo y la asignación de tareas en la otra clase. Se evaluó la motivación de los estudiantes pre- y post- intervención, y también se evaluó al final de la UD el aprendizaje motriz, y los aspectos actitudinales y sociales alcanzados por los estudiantes con una rúbrica. Resultados: la gamificación incrementó el aprendizaje de los estudiantes respecto al grupo de enseñanza tradicional, sin modificar los niveles de motivación. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos evidencian el gran potencial de la gamificación como herramienta para que los profesores de educación física logren un mayor aprendizaje en las unidades didácticas de iniciación deportiva.

15th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2008), OCT 12-15, 2008, San Diego, CA, We present new algorithms for the recovery of the Euclidean structure from a projective calibration of a set of cameras with square pixels but otherwise arbitrarily varying intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. Our results, based on a novel geometric approach, include a closed-form solution for the case of three cameras and two known vanishing points and an efficient one-dimensional search algorithm for the case of four cameras and one known vanishing point. In addition, an algorithm for a reliable automatic detection of vanishing points on the images is presented. These techniques fit in a 3D reconstruction scheme oriented to urban scenes reconstruction. The satisfactory performance of the techniques is demonstrated with tests on synthetic and real data., Depto. de Álgebra, Geometría y Topología, Fac. de Ciencias Matemáticas, TRUE, pub

[Resumen] El desarrollo y evolución de los sistemas arenosos costeros está gobernado por un frágil equilibrio dinámico entre la interacción de múltiples factores ambientales, y por ello estos sistemas naturales son altamente sensibles a las perturbaciones humanas. Estas alteraciones se acentúan en el contexto actual de Cambio Global. Los cambios en los vientos, en el oleaje, en la intensidad de las tormentas, en la disponibilidad de arena y en la vegetación juegan un papel crucial en el complejo desarrollo de las dunas, tanto por retener la arena que forma las dunas, como para protegerlas físicamente de la erosión. Actualmente, muchos de los ecosistemas dunares se encuentran degradados sobre todo por el déficit de aportes sedimentarios y la presión sobre la cubierta vegetal, fenómenos siempre muy relacionados con el impacto antrópico. El desarrollo natural de los sistemas dunares, incluida su vegetación, contribuye de forma significativa a amortiguar los efectos destructivos de los eventos climáticos extremos, incrementados durante el actual periodo de Cambio Global. Así, las dunas costeras suponen un patrimonio natural muy valioso que debe ser conservado. Aquí presentamos un trabajo de revisión sobre el estado del arte y una síntesis de factores y procesos de cara a un nuevo enfoque en la gestión costera. Al mismo tiempo, en este artículo se defiende una gestión que no interrumpa los procesos geomorfológicos que intervienen en el desarrollo natural del ecosistema dunar, y que son el soporte principal de su biodiversidad. Se demuestra que, a medio y largo plazo, una gestión respetuosa con la dinámica geológica dunar favorece tanto el mantenimiento de la biodiversidad como la conservación del paisaje costero y sus servicios ecosistémicos., [Abstract] The development and evolution of coastal sandy systems is governed by a fragile dynamic balance between the interaction of multiple environmental factors, and therefore these natural systems are highly sensitive to human disturbances. These alterations are accentuated in the current context of Global Change. Changes in winds, waves, storminess, sand availability and vegetation play a crucial role in the complex development of dunes, both by trapping the sand that forms the dunes and protecting them from erosion. Currently, many of the dune ecosystems are degraded mainly due to the deficit of sediment inputs and the pressure on vegetation cover, phenomena that are always closely related to anthropogenic impact. The natural development of dune systems, including their vegetation, contributes significantly to buffering the destructive effects of extreme weather events, which have increased during the current period of Global Change. Thus, coastal dunes represent a valuable natural heritage that must be preserved. Here we present a review of the state of the art and a synthesis of factors and processes to achieve a new approach related to the coastal management. In turn, this article argues for a management that does not interrupt the geomorphological processes involved in the natural development of the dune ecosystem, which are the main support of dune biodiversity. Thus, in the medium and long term, a management that respects the geological dynamics of the dunes will promote both the maintenance of biodiversity and the conservation of the coastal landscape and its ecosystem services.

[Abstract] The presence of less healthy lifestyle habits among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia which can contribute to the escalation of physical disorders and exacerbation of psychological symptoms is well documented. The present scoping review aims to synthesize and evaluate the available evidence regarding the impact of regular physical exercise on psychopathology, cognition, and quality of life (QoL) in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. A literature search was performed across Web of Science, SCOPUS, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus for randomized control trials published up to April 2022. Two independent reviewers applied the selection criteria and a third reviewer resolved discrepancies. A total of twelve studies were included, of which nine used endurance training and three used concurrent training (one of these additionally used resistance training). The results reveal benefits of various modalities of supervised regular exercise in the psychopathology of schizophrenia. Furthermore, regular endurance training seems to improve cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia and promote their QoL; however, results are inconclusive with respect to this last variable. The assessment of methodological quality in the reviewed articles indicates a high overall risk of bias, particularly in relation to deviations from intended interventions and the selection of reported results. Furthermore, an assessment of exercise reporting revealed that only 5 out of 19 items were fulfilled in more than 50% of the articles. Future research is needed to evaluate the effects of different training modalities and the optimal dose–response relationship in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.

[Abstract] Harmful algal blooms are one of the leading causes of mortality in salmon aquaculture, with significant economic consequences. From 15 to 31 October 1996, a bloom of the skeletonized form of Octactis speculum (Ehrenberg) F.H. Chang, J.M. Grieve & J.E. Sutherland was detected in the small Merexo inlet (1.7 km2 area), located on the southern shore of the Ria of Muxía (Galicia, NW Spain). The O. speculum population inside the inlet (data period: 1992–1996) seldom exceeded 4·103 cell·L−1. However, its concentration reached 2·105 cell·L−1 during the bloom, coinciding with a decrease in light penetration from 5 to 2 m deep, as measured using a Secchi disk. Although similar concentrations were reported during late October 1992, this was the first time that a bloom was associated with caged salmon (Salmo salar, Linnaeus 1758) mortality in the Galician coastal waters. This mortality was not associated with anoxia in the water column, but with fish gill irritations and mucus segregation due to gill clogging. Excess nitrate and silicate, the latter being essential for skeleton formation, were measured in the inlet during the bloom, with phosphate acting as the limiting nutrient (high negative correlation). Blooms of O. speculum occurred in autumn–winter, when water was retained within the inlet under meteorological conditions of southwest winds (which prompted downwelling conditions) and clear skies. A review of the oceanographic database of the Galician rias showed that massive O. speculum proliferations are also commonplace in other rias with similar environmental conditions, such as the Ria of Ares-Betanzos, and can therefore constitute a threat for the development of salmon aquaculture on this coast.

[Abstract]: Objectives: The main aim of this study was to determine the effects of set configuration during five weeks of unilateral knee extension resistance training on untrained knee extensors performance. Methods: Thirty-five subjects were randomly assigned to traditional training (TTG; n=14), rest-redistribution (RRG; n=10) and control group (CON; n=11). TTG and RRG groups trained the dominant knee extensors twice a week with the 10-repetition maximum (RM) load. TTG performed four sets of eight repetitions with three min-rest between sets and RRG 32 repetitions with 17.4 seconds of rest between each one. Before and after interventions, anthropometry, muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA), 1RM, number of repetitions with 10RM pretest load (N10RM), maximum propulsive power (MPP) and maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) were measured. Results: 1RM of the untrained leg increased only in the TTG group (p<0.001, 10.3% compared with Pre-test). 1RM, MPP and N10RM increased in the trained leg in both TTG (p<0.001) and RRG (p<0.001). No changes occurred in MT or PA. Conclusions: These results suggest that, when it is not possible to perform bilateral exercises (e.g., leg injury), traditional set configurations should be recommended to improve maximal voluntary force in the untrained leg.

[Resumen] Introduccion: El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los efectos de una Unidad Didactica (UD) gamificada en comparacion con una UD de metodologia tradicional, sobre los niveles de motivacion y de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de educación fisica. Material y metodo: 42 estudiantes (15 } 0.4 anos) distribuidos en dos clases de 3o de Educacion Secundaria Obligatoria realizaron seis sesiones de una UD de judo. De forma aleatoria, se aplico una metodologia innovadora en una de las clases basada en la gamificacion, y una metodologia tradicional basada en el mando directo y la asignacion de tareas en la otra clase. Se evaluo la motivación de los estudiantes pre- y post- intervencion, y tambien se evaluo al final de la UD el aprendizaje motriz, y los aspectos actitudinales y sociales alcanzados por los estudiantes con una rubrica. Resultados: la gamificacion incremento el aprendizaje de los estudiantes respecto al grupo de ensenanza tradicional, sin modificar los niveles de motivacion. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos evidencian el gran potencial de la gamificacion como herramienta para que los profesores de educacion fisica logren un mayor aprendizaje en las unidades didacticas de iniciacion deportiva., [Abstract] Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a gamified didactic unit (UD) compared to a traditional methodology UD on motivation and motor learning in physical education students. Methods: 42 students (15 } 0.4 years) distributed in two classes in the 3rd year of the high school performed six judo sessions. Randomly, an innovative methodology based on gamification was applied in one class and a traditional methodology based on direct command and task assignment in the other. We evaluated the students' motivation before and after the intervention. And at the end of the UD, we assessed the students' motor learning and attitudinal and social aspects with a rubric. Results: gamification increased student learning compared to the traditional teaching group without modifying motivation levels. Conclusion: the results obtained show the great potential of gamification as a tool for physical education teachers to achieve more improvement in motor learning in their sports initiation students.

[Resumen] El progresivo envejecimiento de la población debido a la mejora de las condiciones de vida y a la baja natalidad tiene como consecuencia la aparición de nuevos problemas asociados al envejecimiento. Los diferentes programas de ejercicio físico, especialmente aquellos encaminados a mejorar la potencia, han demostrado su eficacia en la mejora de la capacidad funcional y en la prevención de la discapacidad en los adultos mayores. La potencia, es el resultado del producto de fuerza por la velocidad, y en base a la relación inversa entre la fuerza aplicada y la velocidad de contracción se observa una relación parabólica entre la potencia y la velocidad. Al movilizar una carga óptima se identifica un vértice en la parábola que se denomina pico de potencia, y éste está asociado a una velocidad óptima y a su vez a una fuerza óptima. Este perfil parabólico determina puntos isopotenciales que pueden registrarse movilizando cargas diferentes y por lo tanto a velocidades diferentes y con fuerzas diferentes. No existe consenso sobre los cambios en la funcionalidad y el rendimiento muscular en adultos mayores cuando entrenan con cargas asociadas a potencias relativas al vértice de la parábola potencia-velocidad. Es decir, si entrenamientos isopotenciales con diferentes componentes de fuerza o velocidad afectan a la funcionalidad al rendimiento muscular de manera diferenciada. El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral fue explorar los efectos de dos protocolos de entrenamiento con potencias equiparadas, ejecutadas con diferentes cargas y por lo tanto distintas velocidades, sobre la funcionalidad, el rendimiento muscular y la composición corporal de una muestra de adultos mayores físicamente activos. Tras la realización del estudio, los resultados mostraron que cuando la potencia es equiparada, la carga no produce efectos diferenciados en la mejora de la fuerza muscular, la potencia muscular y el equilibrio dinámico (TUG); sin embargo, cuando se emplean cargas altas, el entrenam, [Resumo] O progresivo envellecemento da poboación debido ás melloras das condicións de vida e á baixa natalidade teñen como consecuencia a aparición de novos problemas asociados a o envellecemento. Os diferentes programas de exercicio físico, especialmente aqueles encamiñados a mellorar a potencia, veñen demostrando a súa efectividade na mellora da capacidade funcional e na prevención da discapacidade dos adultos maiores. A potencia, é o resultado do produto da forza pola velocidade, e en base á relación inversa entre a forza aplicada e a velocidade de contracción obsérvase unha relación parabólica entre a potencia e a velocidade. Ao mobilizar unha carga óptima se identifica unha vertixe na parábola que se denomina pico de potencia, o cal está asociado a unha velocidade óptima e á súa vez cunha forza óptima. Este perfil parabólico determina que existen puntos iso potenciais que se poden rexistrar mobilizando cargas diferentes e polo tanto a velocidades diferentes con forzas diferentes. Non existe consenso sobre os cambios na funcionalidade e o rendemento muscular en adultos maiores cando adestran con cargas asociadas a potencias relativas ó vértice da parábola potencia-velocidade. É dicir, si adestramentos isopotenciais con diferentes compoñentes de forza ou velocidade afectan á funcionalidade e ó rendemento muscular de xeito diferenciado. O obxectivo de esta tese de doutoramento estivo centrado en explorar os efectos de dous protocolos de adestramento con potencias equiparados executadas, pero con cargas diferenciadas e polo tanto velocidades, sobre a funcionalidade, o rendemento muscular e a composición corporal de unha mostra de adultos maiores fisicamente activos. Tras realizar o estudo, os resultados mostraron que cando a potencia se equipara, a carga non produce efectos diferenciados na mellora da forza muscular, a potencia muscular e o equilibrio dinámico (TUG); non obstante, cando se empregan cargas altas o adestramento da potencia muscular preséntase como u, [Abstract] The improvement of living conditions and the lower birth rate implies the increase of problems associated with the ageing process. The different exercise programs, in special those that aimed to improve the muscle power, have demonstrated their effectiveness in improving the functional capacity and in the prevention of disability in older adults. Power, results from the product of force and velocity, and based on the inverse relationship between the applied force and the rate of contraction a parabolic relationship between power and velocity is observed. When an optimal load is mobilized, a vertex in the parabola is identified, which is called the peak power, and this is related with an optimal speed and in turn with an optimal force. This parabolic profile means that there are equated power points with paired power levels that can be recorded with different loads at different velocities and with different force levels. There is no consensus on changes in functionality and muscle performance in older adults when training with loads associated with powers relative to the vertex of the power-speed parabola. That is, if training with equated power levels with different components of force and velocity affect functionality and muscle performance in a differentiated manner. This doctoral thesis aimed to contrast the effects of two different power training protocols performed with the maximum intended velocity with different loads but equated regarding the relative power on functionally, muscle performance and body composition of a sample of active older adults. After the study, the results showed that when the power levels are equated, the load does not produce differentiated effects in the improvement of muscle strength, muscle power, and dynamic balance (TUG); however, when high loads are employed, muscle power training is presented as a valid option to increase cardiovascular endurance. The data observed after our intervention indicated that muscle power tr

[Resumen] La recuperación de la marcha es una prioridad para las personas con enfermedades neurológicas o lesión medular espinal. Los exoesqueletos actuales de reentrenamiento de la marcha implementan estrategias de control por seguimiento de la trayectoria o por asistencia según la necesidad, sin embargo, éstas no han mostrado aún ser superiores a la rehabilitación convencional de manera concluyente. En este artículo se presenta de forma conceptual la estrategia de control de un nuevo sistema robótico ambulatorio para la rehabilitación de la marcha basado en un exoesqueleto comercial, integrando módulos robóticos adicionales para proporcionar mayor libertad de movimiento al usuario y fomentar el control voluntario y la participación activa. De esta forma se espera que el sistema permita desarrollar de forma satisfactoria la terapia y, a futuro, favorezca la plasticidad neuronal y el aprendizaje motor., [Abstract] The restoration of gait is a priority for people with neurological disease or spinal cord injury. Current gait training exoskeletons implement path-following or assist-as-needed control strategies. However, they have not shown to be conclusively superior to conventional rehabilitation yet. This paper conceptually presents the control strategy of a new ambulatory robotic gait rehabilitation system based on a commercial exoskeleton. The system integrates additional robotic modules to provide more freedom to the user during motion and encourage voluntary control and active participation in the therapy. In this way, the system is expected to provide a successful therapy development and, in the future, to promote neural plasticity and motor learning.

Medieval Islamic society viewed poverty both as a social problem and as a form of religious piety. Therefore, understanding the attitudes of medieval Muslims towards poverty and the poor turns on the distinction between the involuntary poor as an identifiable group or groups in society and the adoption of voluntary poverty as a spiritual value by elite groups of pious men and women. Although the poor constituted an inherent part of the social order, in medieval Islamic societies the general tendency was to leave beneficent actions in the hands of personal rather than institutional initiative. After all, the existence of the poor provided the context for the expression of charity.

Con la finalidad de conocer la noción que los musulmanes del medievo se habían forjado de la peregrinación a Santiago de Compostela, en este trabajo se traen a colación las noticias contenidas en las fuentes andalusíes, magrebíes y orientales en relación con la ciudad de Santiago, el santuario compostelano y la figura del apóstol. En este contexto se incluye una referencia especial al saqueo al que fueron sometidos esta urbe y su templo por la autoridad andalusí a finales del siglo X. Finalmente, se abordan los itinerarios que seguían los viajeros en su peregrinación jacobea desde la perspectiva de dichas fuentes. Estos aspectos configuran los ejes centrales que vertebran el presente trabajo con objeto de lograr un esbozo histórico-geográfico. Si bien son estos aspectos del culto jacobeo a los que la autora ha prestado atención en estudios anteriores, en la presente contribución se aportan nuevos datos que completan la visión ofrecida previamente. En términos generales, este análisis reviste gran interés como contrapunto a la imagen que del fenómeno jacobeo se tenía en el ámbito cristiano.

[Abstract] Introduction: The main aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between how contests end (scores or penalties), the temporal units and the competition rounds regarding when the contest end in the 2018, 2019 and 2021 JudoWorld Championships. A total of 2340 contests involving 2244 elite judo athletes (1343 men and 901 women) were analysed. Pearson’s chi-squared ( 2) was implemented to analyse the association between variables, and the standardised residuals were used to analyse its interpretation; the strength of the associations was reported as Cramer’s V. Shapiro–Wilk and Kolmogorov–Smirnov were implemented to test the normality of the length of golden score (GS) sequences, and Kruskal–Wallis was applied for analysing GS sequences by championships. Mann– Whitney U was also implemented if a significant effect was detected. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The results were as follows: (1) Most contests ended before the accomplishment of the regular time (BRT), and they were won by ippon. (2) During BRT, the defeated accumulated more shido than the winner, while the opposite happened in contests finishing at the regular time (FRT). (3) Contests ending in the first and third minutes decreased, while contests ending in the second and fourth minutes increased; a longer length of the GS period was observed for women compared with men. (4) BRT contests were overrepresented in rounds 1 and 2, while extended time contests (EXT) in repechage, semi-final, bronze and final were overrepresented. (5) There were fewer waza-ari than expected during the preliminary rounds and more in the final rounds. The current study reveals cornerstone information that could be used to improve the training programs of elite judo athletes.

[Resumen] Históricamente, las mujeres y los varones siempre han tenido disposiciones de tiempos y actividades diferentes. El objetivo que se plantea es analizar con perspectiva de género la distribución del tiempo de hombres y mujeres y las percepciones que tienen sobre los mismos. Con determinado fin, se ha utilizado una metodología mixta, implementando una encuesta, distribuida a 241 personas mayores de 18 años y una entrevista, realizada a tres mujeres cuidadoras de familiares. Como resultado, se ha demostrado que el tiempo en los ámbitos del cuidado personal, el estudio, el trabajo remunerado y el no remunerado y el tiempo libre no está equilibrado en función al sexo y la edad. En consecuencia, desde los diferentes contextos sociales y políticos se debe promover y apoyar la idea de igualdad en la sociedad y en los hogares, e incrementar las investigaciones con perspectiva de género en relación al uso de los tiempos., [Resumo] Historicamente, as mulleres e os homes sempre tiveron disposicións de tempos e actividades diferentes. O obxectivo que se expón é analizar con perspectiva de xénero a distribución do tempo de homes e mulleres e as percepcións que teñen sobre os mesmos. Con determinado fin, utilizouse unha metodoloxía mixta, implementando unha enquisa, distribuída a 241 persoas maiores de 18 anos e unha entrevista, realizada a tres mulleres coidadoras de familiares. Como resultado, demostrouse que o tempo nos ámbitos do coidado persoal, o estudo, o traballo remunerado e o non remunerado e o tempo libre non está equilibrado en función ao sexo e a idade. En consecuencia, desde os diferentes contextos sociais e políticos débese promover e apoiar a idea de igualdade na sociedade e nos fogares, e incrementar as investigacións con perspectiva de xénero en relación ao uso dos tempos., [Abstract] Historically, women and men have always had different time arrangements and activities. The objective of this study is to analyze, from a gender perspective, the time distribution of men and women and the perceptions they have about them. To this end, a mixed methodology has been used, implementing a survey, distributed to 241 people over 18 years of age, and an interview, carried out with three female caregivers of family members. As a result, it has been shown that the time spent in the areas of personal care, study, paid and unpaid work and leisure time is not balanced according to sex and age. Consequently, the different social and political contexts should promote and support the idea of equality in society and in households, and increase research with a gender perspective in relation to the use of time.

Deep learning technologies have already demonstrated a high potential to build diagnosis support systems from medical imaging data, such as Chest X-Ray images. However, the shortage of labeled data in the medical field represents one key obstacle to narrow down the performance gap with respect to applications in other image domains. In this work, we investigate the benefits of a curricular Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) pretraining scheme with respect to fully-supervised training regimes for pneumonia recognition on Chest X-Ray images of Covid-19 patients. We show that curricular SSL pretraining, which leverages unlabeled data, outperforms models trained from scratch, or pretrained on ImageNet, indicating the potential of performance gains by SSL pretraining on massive unlabeled datasets. Finally, we demonstrate that top-performing SSLpretrained models show a higher degree of attention in the lung regions, embodying models that may be more robust to possible external confounding factors in the training datasets, identified by previous works.

[Abstract]: Background: Explosive strength is essential for rhythmic gymnasts’ performance. It has been suggested that core stability (CS) and plyometric training can enhance athletes’ explosive strength. Nevertheless, there is some uncertainty about the effects of integrated core and plyometric training (CPT) programs on rhythmic gymnastics (RG) performances. Purpose: to evaluate the effects of an integrated functional CPT program on young rhythmic gymnasts’ explosive strength and jump/leap performance. Method: We recruited 44 young (age = 10.5 1.8 years old; peak height velocity, PHV = 12.2 0.6 years old) female rhythmic gymnasts and randomly allocated them into a control group (CG) and an experimental group (EG). Pre and post-intervention, the explosive strength of both groups was assessed using countermovement jump (CMJ) and single-leg CMJ (SLCMJ) tests, conducted using a force platform, and expert RG judges evaluated their performance of RG-specific jumps. Before the post-test, the EG (n = 23) completed an 8 week functional CPT program based on RG technical requirements. Meanwhile, the participants in the CG (n = 21) received their regular training sessions. Linear mixed model analyses were applied to evaluate the effects of an intra-subject factor (TIME: pre-post) and an inter-subject factor (GROUP: control-experimental) on each dependent variable. When no significant interaction effect was found, Cohen’s d effect size was calculated. Results: After 8 weeks, the EG obtained significantly better results in all variables measured by the CMJ and SLCMJ (p < 0.01) tests. The judges’ scores indicated greater improvements in the EG after the CPT program in the stag and the split leap. Conclusions: An integrated functional CPT program improved explosive strength in a group of young rhythmic gymnasts and had a large impact on aspects of RG-specific performance. Coaches should consider using this CPT to improve RG performance.

[Abstract] Understanding the environmental response to the last glacial termination in regions located in transitional climate zones such as the Atlantic Iberian mountains is crucial to estimate potential changes in regions affected by current glacial melting. We present an 8.5 m-long, solid last deglaciation and Holocene chronostratigraphic record including detailed sediment analysis from Lake Peixão, a pro-glacial lake in the Serra da Estrela (Central Portugal). The age–depth model relies on a Bayesian approach that includes 16 AMS 14C dates and 210Pb–137CS measurements, robustly dating the lake formation at 14.7 ± 0.32 cal. ka BP. This chronological reconstruction shows an average sedimentation rate of ca. 0.07 cm yr−1 (15 yr cm−1), enabling proxy analyses at decadal timescales. The sediment sequence is composed of five lithological units: (U1) coarse and unsorted fluvioglacial lacustrine deposits; (U2) massive fluvioglacial lacustrine deposits (863–790 cm below surface [bsf]; 14.7 ± 0.32–13.8 ± 0.12 cal. ka BP); (U3) water current fluvioglacial lacustrine deposits (790–766 cm bsf; 13.8 ± 0.12–12.9 ± 0.29 cal. ka BP); (U4) laminated/banded lacustrine deposits characterized by terrigenous deposits from ice-covered lake periods and episodic events of ice and snow melting (766–752 cm bsf; 12.9 ± 0.29–11.7 ± 0.15 cal. ka BP); and (U5) massive muddy lacustrine deposits (752–0 cm bsf; 11.7 ± 0.15 cal. ka BP–present). The occurrence of U2 to U4 deposits defines the transition from glacial cold (U1) to net warm postglacial conditions (U5). These climate transitions are marked by changes in sediments and the presence of very low sedimentation rate periods, possibly related to the Intra-Allerød Cold Period and the coldest phase of the Younger Dryas. Our results support the previously proposed timing of the retreat of the Serra da Estrela glaciers ca. 13.8 ± 0.12 cal. ka BP. The robust chronology of Lake Peixão highlights the potential of Iberian pro-glacial lakes for datin

[Abstract] Coastal dunes evolve in direct response to primary drivers, such as wind and waves, which can significantly influence the landscape. Here, we examine the effects of the wind and wave regimes on the vegetation cover and shoreline position of the dune system that makes up the Doniños barrier on the rocky NW Iberian coast since the middle of the 20th century. By studying a series of aerial images, we determined that the vegetated dunes experienced net seaward shoreline advance at an average rate of 1.28 ± 0.01 m/year and an overall dune vegetation coverage expansion of 50.5 %. Available local atmospheric data indicated that wind stilling was the main factor responsible for these trends. However, the shoreline evolution process included annual-to-decadal periods dominated by stalled or reversed advances in energetic winters when waves could reach the foredune, causing erosion and vegetation cover deterioration. Consecutive energetic winters resulted in severe foredune erosion and slow to no recovery of shoreline advance thereafter. This work presents a case study in which a new conceptual model of the opposite and unbalanced effects of wind stilling and storm surges on foredune evolution dynamics is discussed and established under the current climate change scenario.

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a complex autoimmune disease whose hallmark is a deregulation of cellular and humoral immunity leading to increased destruction and reduced production of platelets. The heterogeneity of presentation and clinical course hampers personalized approaches for diagnosis and management. In 2021, the Spanish ITP Group (GEPTI) of the Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy (SEHH) updated a consensus document that had been launched in 2011. The updated guidelines have been the reference for the diagnosis and management of primary ITP in Spain ever since. Nevertheless, the emergence of new tools and strategies makes it advisable to review them again. For this reason, we have updated the main recommendations appropriately. Our aim is to provide a practical tool to facilitate the integral management of all aspects of primary ITP management.

Understanding the environmental response to the last glacial termination in regions located in transitional climate zones such as the Atlantic Iberian mountains is crucial to estimate potential changes in regions affected by current glacial melting. We present an 8.5 m-long, solid last deglaciation and Holocene chronostratigraphic record including detailed sediment analysis from Lake Peixão, a pro-glacial lake in the Serra da Estrela (Central Portugal). The age–depth model relies on a Bayesian approach that includes 16 AMS C dates and Pb–CS measurements, robustly dating the lake formation at 14.7 ± 0.32 cal. ka BP. This chronological reconstruction shows an average sedimentation rate of ca. 0.07 cm yr (15 yr cm), enabling proxy analyses at decadal timescales. The sediment sequence is composed of five lithological units: (U1) coarse and unsorted fluvioglacial lacustrine deposits; (U2) massive fluvioglacial lacustrine deposits (863–790 cm below surface [bsf]; 14.7 ± 0.32–13.8 ± 0.12 cal. ka BP); (U3) water current fluvioglacial lacustrine deposits (790–766 cm bsf; 13.8 ± 0.12–12.9 ± 0.29 cal. ka BP); (U4) laminated/banded lacustrine deposits characterized by terrigenous deposits from ice-covered lake periods and episodic events of ice and snow melting (766–752 cm bsf; 12.9 ± 0.29–11.7 ± 0.15 cal. ka BP); and (U5) massive muddy lacustrine deposits (752–0 cm bsf; 11.7 ± 0.15 cal. ka BP–present). The occurrence of U2 to U4 deposits defines the transition from glacial cold (U1) to net warm postglacial conditions (U5). These climate transitions are marked by changes in sediments and the presence of very low sedimentation rate periods, possibly related to the Intra-Allerød Cold Period and the coldest phase of the Younger Dryas. Our results support the previously proposed timing of the retreat of the Serra da Estrela glaciers ca. 13.8 ± 0.12 cal. ka BP. The robust chronology of Lake Peixão highlights the potential of Iberian pro-glacial lakes for dating deglaciation processe

[ES] Este artículo ofrece una recomposición del paisaje urbano y rural de Laujar de Andarax en el tránsito de la Edad Media a la Moderna a partir de la información registrada en el libro de los habices alpujarreños de 1530. Aunque esta fuente documental no proporciona una información íntegra del área residencial ni tampoco del parcelario, los datos en ella contenidos son suficientemente reveladores para trazar una visión panorámica general de esta alquería y su área de influencia en los últimos tiempos del período nazarí y comienzos de la época morisca., [EN] This article offers a reconstruction of the urban and rural landscape of Laujar de Andarax in the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Age based on the information recorded in the book of habices from the Alpujarran region of 1530. Although this documentary source does not provide a complete information of the residential or working spaces, the data contained in it are sufficiently revealing to draw a general panoramic vision of this village and its area of influence in the last times of the Nasrid period and beginnings of the Morisco era.

Ecological resistance and resilience of freshwater ecosystems is intimately linked to climate variability. To the extent of our knowledge, this issue has never been addressed using a long-term paleoecological perspective in Galicia (NW Spain). Project IMPACOM (Climate Impacts of the Common Era on Aquatic Systems in NW Spain, Spanish Ministry of Science and innovation, PID2019-107424RB-I00) is intended to study the impacts of changes in the precipitation regime and storm conditions, among other climate forcing factors, on coastal lakes and their enclosing barriers, as well as on bogs and mountain lakes in the region during the Common Era (CE, last 2,000 yr). To identify and precisely date the major ecological transitions of the CE we use a multidisciplinary approach which includes sedimentological facies analysis, inorganic bulk geochemical analyses (from X-ray fluorescence analysis, core scanning, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, estimation of humification indexes, elemental and isotopic analyses of organic matter, biogenic silica), biological proxies (diatoms, pollen, plant macrofossils, testate amoeba and chironomids), as well as a set of geochronological techniques (AMS radiocarbon dating, concentrations of fallout 137Cs, 210Pb, 214Pb and 241Am, OSL dating), The study of the lacustrine sedimentary record of the coastal Lake Doniños, as well as of the sand barrier which encloses this lake and that of the wetland of Pantín, both in A Coruña province, shows a history of breaching and overwashing linked to the intensification of storms and enhanced precipitation over the last 4,500-4,000 yr. For the case of the last 2,000 yr, catastrophic emptying of Lake Doniños took place during the Dark Ages (DA, 350-750 CE) and the Little Ice Age (LIA, 1500-1930 CE). The transition from the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) to the LIA involved in this lake a gradual 200 yr long transformation from an isolated lake to an intermittent tidal lagoon until the LIA breaching episode. Lake Ocelo, an oligotrophic mountain lake located in the Trevinca Massif (Ourense province) shows a net eutrophication trend since the termination of the Subatlantic period. This trend was however interrupted by oligotrophication events in the warm/cold transitions of the Roman Warm Period to the DA, lasting 500 years, and the MCA to LIA, which lasted 600 years. Extended ice cover during the LIA, as suggested by the preliminary diatom data, involved stronger denitrification processes associated to longer periods of anoxia, indicated by the nitrogen isotopic record. Anticipation of the oligotrophication events to the known chronologies for the onset of the DA and the LIA suggests that these two phases occurred approximately 100 and 200 years earlier than expected, according to other mountain lake record of the W Iberian Peninsula. Our preliminary data also show significant discrepancies in the timing of the ecological impacts of Recent Climate Changes (RCCs) taking place in the last 2,000 yr in coastal and mountain areas over a short longitudinal gradient which needs further exploration

Introduction: The knowledge of the aetiology of Behçet disease (BD), an immune-mediated vasculitis, is limited. HLA-B, mainly HLA-B51, and HLA-A molecules are associated with disease, but the ultimate cause of this association remains obscure. There is evidence that NK cells participate in the etiopathology of BD. NK cells have activator and inhibitor surface receptors, like the KIR and the NKG2 families. Classical HLA-class I molecules (A, B and C) are keys in the activity control of the NK because they are KIR ligands. Most NKG2 receptors bind HLA-E, which presents only nonapeptides derived from the signal peptide of other class-I molecules. Objective: This study investigates the contribution of the pair HLA-E and ligand, nonapeptide derived from the 3-11 sequence of the signal peptides of class I classical molecules, to the susceptibility to BD. Methods: We analyzed the frequency of the HLA-derivated nonapeptide forms in 466 BD patients and 444 controls and an HLA-E functional dimorphism in a subgroup of patients and controls. Results: In B51 negative patients, the frequency of VMAPRTLLL was lower (70.4% versus 80.0% in controls; P=0.006, Pc=0.04, OR=0.60, 95%CI 0.41-0.86), and the frequency of VMAPRTLVL was higher (81.6% versus 71.4% in controls; P=0.004, Pc=0.03, OR=1.78, 95%CI 1.20-2.63). In homozygosity, VMAPRTLLL is protective, and VMAPRTLVL confers risk. The heterozygous condition is neutral. There were no significant differences in the distribution of the HLA-E dimorphism. Discussion: Our results explain the association of BD with diverse HLA-A molecules, reinforce the hypothesis of the involvement of the NK cells in the disease and do not suggest a significant contribution of the HLA-E polymorphism to disease susceptibility.

Through an assessment of the data recorded in two books of habices (Span., libros de habices – inventories of goods from Islamic pious endowments) dated 1527 and 1530, this study examines the situation of Morisco women in the Alpujarra, a rural area of Granada, just three decades after the forced conversion of the Muslim population to Christianity. Various aspects of the economic and social position of these women are explored, paying particular attention to their participation in the legal framework related to property ownership and the transfer of their possessions in the form of bequests. Although the study focuses primarily on the Morisco period, its most immediate precedent, Islamic and Mudéjar Granada, is not forgotten.

The present study explores the vicissitudes experienced by properties associated to pious endowments in Nasrid Granada during the transition from Islamic to Christian administration in order to verify their continuity and transformations. The author analyses the process by which these assets were assimilated into a new society following the Christian conquest and were transferred to Castilian institutions. Special attention is paid to the numerous donations which had been designated to benefit religious ends. This chapter also examines the impact of the new historical context on their legal status and internal functioning. Finally, “From aḥbas to habices” concludes with some hypotheses about their persistence over the following centuries and final destiny.

[EN] This paper examines how the rulers of al-Andalus dealt with food shortage crises, taking as its primary point of reference the various famines that afflicted the Andalusi territories under Umayyad rule and analysing both the factors that provoked these crises and the impact that they had on the general population. It also approaches the role played by the institutional power in implementing strategies intended to prevent collapse of the food supply system. Similarly, attention is paid to the deployment by the political authorities of palliative measures that sought to combat the dramatic effects of famine. With regard to the latter aspect, this study aims to determine the scope of such acts, as well as their political, economic, social and religious implications., [ES] Este trabajo tiene como objetivo examinar la gestión de las crisis de subsistencia por los gobernantes de al-Andalus. Para ello, se toman como referencia principal las carestías que afectaron al territorio andalusí bajo el gobierno omeya, analizándose tanto las causas que las provocaron como el impacto que tuvieron en la población. Asimismo, se aborda la intervención del poder institucional en la implementación de estrategias para evitar el colapso del sistema de abastecimiento de alimentos. Del mismo modo, se toma en consideración la actuación de la autoridad política en el despliegue de medidas paliativas para combatir los dramáticos efectos de las hambrunas. En relación con este último aspecto, este estudio pretende determinar el alcance de esos actos, junto con sus implicaciones políticas, económicas, sociales y religiosas.