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The teaching and learning process (TLP) has been reshaped in a timely manner as per need, for better understanding. Technical and Vocational Education & Training is one of the main sectors, delivering education and training simultaneously for the socio-economic development of every nation. The sector has been facing different types of challenges in different contexts. Competency Based Training and Assessment is one of the major domains, to maintain the demand and supply ratio of the market to cover the need. The normal delivery of TLP is interrupted when COVID – 19 pandemic situation occurs. To ensure the delivery of TLP in the situation blended approach was introduced to carry on the process without any disturbance, whereas the underdeveloped countries suffered from the pandemic, due to multiple issues. This research article covers the different scenario, and find out the gaps in the proposed conceptual framework that the disbalancing of developed and underdeveloped countries would be maintained. After finding, recommendations were also made that there is an acute need for online, offline, and face-to-face approaches for teaching and learning along with the transformation of Competency-Based Education (CBE) in the TVET sector of Pakistan to live, with sustainability and also for socio-economic development.

[Resumen] Uno de los principales fenómenos a evitar en los sistemas con muestreo por umbrales fijos es la aparición de ciclos límite. Existe bibliografía sobre cómo evitarlos usando técnicas clásicas de análisis, sin embargo, dichos trabajos no tienen en cuenta el efecto de las señales que intervienen en el bucle sobre la robustez del sistema. En este trabajo se presenta una metodología que permite a un controlador por eventos del tipo SSOD-PI resintonizarse de forma dinámica para evitar oscilaciones de ciclo límite generadas por perturbaciones de tipo rampa., [Abstract] One of the main phenomena to avoid in systems sampled with fixed threshold samplers is the appearance of limit cycle oscillations. There is extensive literature on how to avoid them using classical analysis techniques, however, these works do not take into account the effect of the signals involved in the loop on the robustness of the system. This paper presents a methodology that allows the controller to dynamically retune itself to avoid limit cycle oscillations generated by ramp-type disturbances.

Au cours des dernières années, les énergies renouvelables et les technologies vertes se sont répandues afin de répondre au besoin de l’Homme tout en préservant l’environnement et en en contribuant a une nouvelle prosperité économique. Plusieurs domaines, dont l’optoélectronique, se sont développés allant du secteur industriel au grand public. L’essor de la technologie durable et verte a ainsi permis à l’optoélectronique d’envahir de nombreux domaines entre autres celui des télécommunications, de l’électronique militaire et du photovoltaïque. Ces développements sont rendus possibles par le biais de matériaux/alliages semi-conducteurs III-V et IV et du procédé de fabrication utilisée pour fabriquer le dispositif. Les matériaux III-V et IV présentent des propriétés intrinsèques uniques qui sont intéressantes pour de nombreux dispositifs qui utilisent les semiconducteurs comme par exemple : les cellules solaires à hautes performances et des récepteurs optiques tels que les photodiodes à avalanches, en télécommunication. De telles propriétés de matériaux sont étroitement liées à la technique de croissance (épitaxie) employée pour développer ces matériaux/alliages cristallins. Par exemple, le GaInAs présente une forte sensibilité aux conditions de croissance. Sa pureté nécessaire pour le bon fonctionnement des photodiodes à avalanche dépend donc de la technique de croissance utilisée. Par ailleurs en ce qui concerne les cellules solaires, l’utilisation de lumière concentrée se veut une méthode pour réduire les coûts de l’électricité. Cette réduction est toujours en cours, car elle est fortement dépendante de l’efficacité des cellules solaires sous lumière concentrée. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons évalué le portentiel d’une nouvelle technique d’épitaxie dite épitaxie hybride. Celle-ci est obtenue en modifiant notre réacteur CBE, ce qui a permis de croître sur InP une haute qualité et pureté de ternaires III-V (GaInAs et AlInAs). Ceci suggère ainsi l’implémentati, In recent years, green energy and sustainable technologies have spread to meet human needs while preserving the environment and ensuring a good economy. Several sectors including optoelectronic have been developed, extending from the industrial sector to the public. The rise of sustainable technology has thus enabled optoelectronics to invade many fields such as telecommunications, military electronics, photovoltaics and many others. These developments are made possible by III-V and Group IV semiconductor materials/alloys whose unique intrinsic properties are attractive for high-performance solar cells and optical receivers such as avalanche photodiodes in telecommunications. Such properties are closely related to the growth technique (epitaxy) used to develop these materials/alloys. For example, GaInAs has a high sensitivity to growth conditions and its purity required for the proper functioning of avalanche photodiodes is therefore dependent on the growth technique used. In addition to the material properties, the fabrication technique also has a direct impact on the performance of the optoelectronic devices, including solar cells under concentrated light. In fact, the use of concentrated light is intended to be an approach to reduce electricity costs. This reduction is still ongoing because it is highly dependent on the efficiency of solar cells under concentrated light. In this research, we have developed a new epitaxy technique called hybrid epitaxy obtained by customizing our CBE reactor. It has allowed the growth of high quality and purity of III-V ternary alloys (GaInAs and AlInAs) on InP substrates. The latter permits the implementation of these alloys in epitaxial heterostructures of high-performance avalanche photodiodes. The hybrid epitaxy technique of GaInAs on InP substrates uses arsine as a source of arsenic, followed by solid indium and Triethylgallium (TEGa) as a precursor of indium and gallium, respectively. This approach uniquely combin

Purpose: Despite an increasing interest in online brand advocacy (OBA) and the importance of online brand conversations, OBA’s conceptualization, dimensionality and measurement are unclear, which has created confusion. This paper aims to answer calls from researchers and practitioners for a better understanding and measurement of OBA. The development and validation of a parsimonious and practical OBA scale is outlined in this paper. Design/methodology/approach: A multi-methods, multi-stage approach was followed to develop a parsimonious OBA scale. From an initial pool of 96 items obtained from qualitative research and from items used in prior general brand advocacy scales, a test-retest reliability study is followed. Academic judges were consulted to verify dimensionality, followed by two separate online surveys to further purify the scale and assess criterion-related validity. Programs including SPSS, AMOS and WarpPLS were used. Findings: This research extends the knowledge of OBA by developing and testing a parsimonious and practical 16-item, four-dimensional OBA scale. Unlike previous attempts to measure OBA, this study suggested OBA as a multidimensional construct with four dimensions (i.e. brand defense, brand information sharing, brand positivity and virtual positive expression). Further, this study showed that OBA is conceptually different from consumer–brand engagement and electronic word-of-mouth. Research limitations/implications: Future research is encouraged to validate the OBA scale in various contexts and locations. Researchers can use the new OBA scale to examine potential brand-related antecedents and consequences of OBA. Practical implications: This study provides brand and marketing practitioners with a better understanding of brand advocacy occurring online. The OBA scale offers clear markers or trademarks that will be useful in assessing any brand’s health online and to track and better manage online brand communications and performance. Original

Purpose: Despite an increasing interest in online brand advocacy (OBA) and the importance of online brand conversations, OBA’s conceptualization, dimensionality and measurement are unclear, which has created confusion. This paper aims to answer calls from researchers and practitioners for a better understanding and measurement of OBA. The development and validation of a parsimonious and practical OBA scale is outlined in this paper. Design/methodology/approach: A multi-methods, multi-stage approach was followed to develop a parsimonious OBA scale. From an initial pool of 96 items obtained from qualitative research and from items used in prior general brand advocacy scales, a test-retest reliability study is followed. Academic judges were consulted to verify dimensionality, followed by two separate online surveys to further purify the scale and assess criterion-related validity. Programs including SPSS, AMOS and WarpPLS were used. Findings: This research extends the knowledge of OBA by developing and testing a parsimonious and practical 16-item, four-dimensional OBA scale. Unlike previous attempts to measure OBA, this study suggested OBA as a multidimensional construct with four dimensions (i.e. brand defense, brand information sharing, brand positivity and virtual positive expression). Further, this study showed that OBA is conceptually different from consumer–brand engagement and electronic word-of-mouth. Research limitations/implications: Future research is encouraged to validate the OBA scale in various contexts and locations. Researchers can use the new OBA scale to examine potential brand-related antecedents and consequences of OBA. Practical implications: This study provides brand and marketing practitioners with a better understanding of brand advocacy occurring online. The OBA scale offers clear markers or trademarks that will be useful in assessing any brand’s health online and to track and better manage online brand communications and performance. Original

In the present study, the sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetate (CBE) method was evaluated for iron (Fe) extraction from plant root surfaces and compared with the dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) method. Iron plaque on root surfaces was induced by growing rice seedlings in soil with 1.8 mM Fe2+. Iron plaque was extracted following CBE and DCB methods. The effects of pH, temperature, and incubation time of these methods on Fe extraction from root surfaces were also examined. Iron extraction of CBE and DCB methods did not differ significantly (P < 0.05) at pH between 6 and 8, whereas Fe extraction decreased substantially for further increase of the pH of CBE and DCB solution. In some instances, there were significant differences between CBE and DCB methods in extracellular Fe extraction for temperature and incubation time. The average Fe extraction of CBE and DCB methods were 94% and 81%, respectively, indicating that CBE method would be a better choice for Fe extraction from plant roots. The recommended optimal conditions for CBE method are pH 8, volume of the solution 30 mL, incubation time 30 min, and solution temperature 22 ± 2 °C. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

[EN] Competency Based Education (CBE) is considered an alternative to face the lack of individuals with the appropriate labour abilities. A state of the art on CBE in terms of the practices being performed by main worldwide universities/colleges is presented. Main promoted competencies include effective communication, critical thinking and lifelong learning. Also, teaching and practice activities are determined such as real life situations and simulations. Regarding competency assessment techniques, a mix of them is used to guarantee the desired competency level. Achievements of competencies are reported with a pass or not pass grade and with narrative transcripts. CBE benefits from student's perspective are also determined. The main advantage of CBE is that measures what a student can do after completing a program. It is also flexible, as universities/colleges of any size/age can incorporate it at different levels, which depends on their resources and strategies. Even though CBE has proven to solve a global problem, the gap between the supply and demand of skillful people can only be reduced if all the concerned parties work together in a coordinated manner.

[EN] Competency Based Education (CBE) is considered an alternative to face the lack of individuals with the appropriate labour abilities. A state of the art on CBE in terms of the practices being performed by main worldwide universities/colleges is presented. Main promoted competencies include effective communication, critical thinking and lifelong learning. Also, teaching and practice activities are determined such as real life situations and simulations. Regarding competency assessment techniques, a mix of them is used to guarantee the desired competency level. Achievements of competencies are reported with a pass or not pass grade and with narrative transcripts. CBE benefits from student's perspective are also determined. The main advantage of CBE is that measures what a student can do after completing a program. It is also flexible, as universities/colleges of any size/age can incorporate it at different levels, which depends on their resources and strategies. Even though CBE has proven to solve a global problem, the gap between the supply and demand of skillful people can only be reduced if all the concerned parties work together in a coordinated manner.

[EN] Competency Based Education (CBE) is considered an alternative to face the lack of individuals with the appropriate labour abilities. A state of the art on CBE in terms of the practices being performed by main worldwide universities/colleges is presented. Main promoted competencies include effective communication, critical thinking and lifelong learning. Also, teaching and practice activities are determined such as real life situations and simulations. Regarding competency assessment techniques, a mix of them is used to guarantee the desired competency level. Achievements of competencies are reported with a pass or not pass grade and with narrative transcripts. CBE benefits from student's perspective are also determined. The main advantage of CBE is that measures what a student can do after completing a program. It is also flexible, as universities/colleges of any size/age can incorporate it at different levels, which depends on their resources and strategies. Even though CBE has proven to solve a global problem, the gap between the supply and demand of skillful people can only be reduced if all the concerned parties work together in a coordinated manner.

[EN] Competency Based Education (CBE) is considered an alternative to face the lack of individuals with the appropriate labour abilities. A state of the art on CBE in terms of the practices being performed by main worldwide universities/colleges is presented. Main promoted competencies include effective communication, critical thinking and lifelong learning. Also, teaching and practice activities are determined such as real life situations and simulations. Regarding competency assessment techniques, a mix of them is used to guarantee the desired competency level. Achievements of competencies are reported with a pass or not pass grade and with narrative transcripts. CBE benefits from student's perspective are also determined. The main advantage of CBE is that measures what a student can do after completing a program. It is also flexible, as universities/colleges of any size/age can incorporate it at different levels, which depends on their resources and strategies. Even though CBE has proven to solve a global problem, the gap between the supply and demand of skillful people can only be reduced if all the concerned parties work together in a coordinated manner.

[EN] Competency Based Education (CBE) is considered an alternative to face the lack of individuals with the appropriate labour abilities. A state of the art on CBE in terms of the practices being performed by main worldwide universities/colleges is presented. Main promoted competencies include effective communication, critical thinking and lifelong learning. Also, teaching and practice activities are determined such as real life situations and simulations. Regarding competency assessment techniques, a mix of them is used to guarantee the desired competency level. Achievements of competencies are reported with a pass or not pass grade and with narrative transcripts. CBE benefits from student's perspective are also determined. The main advantage of CBE is that measures what a student can do after completing a program. It is also flexible, as universities/colleges of any size/age can incorporate it at different levels, which depends on their resources and strategies. Even though CBE has proven to solve a global problem, the gap between the supply and demand of skillful people can only be reduced if all the concerned parties work together in a coordinated manner.

The common sole, Solea solea and the Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis are two important commercial benthic species that coexist in the NW Mediterranean Sea. Several common biomarkers of chemical exposure were measured in two organs (liver and gills) involved in a different degree in biotransformation and detoxification processes. These parameters were: phase I cytochrome P450 CYP1A-dependent ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and carboxylesterase activities, phase II glutathione S-transferase activity and the enzymatic antioxidants: catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) considering biometric variables (size and weight) and all liver and gill biomarkers discriminated at a certain extent individuals of both species collected at the different fishing grounds. Esterase inhibition by the organophosphorus pesticides dichlorvos and diazinon was also compared in vitro in muscle, liver and gill of the two species revealing a differential sensitivity. The use of benthic sole in pollution monitoring of Southern Europe is discussed as local sentinel in respect to other benthic fish from more Northern latitudes

The common sole, Solea solea and the Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis are two important commercial benthic species that coexist in the NW Mediterranean Sea. Several common biomarkers of chemical exposure were measured in two organs (liver and gills) involved in a different degree in biotransformation and detoxification processes. These parameters were: phase I cytochrome P450 CYP1A-dependent ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and carboxylesterase activities, phase II glutathione S-transferase activity and the enzymatic antioxidants: catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) considering biometric variables (size and weight) and all liver and gill biomarkers discriminated at a certain extent individuals of both species collected at the different fishing grounds. Esterase inhibition by the organophosphorus pesticides dichlorvos and diazinon was also compared in vitro in muscle, liver and gill of the two species revealing a differential sensitivity. The use of benthic sole in pollution monitoring of Southern Europe is discussed as local sentinel in respect to other benthic fish from more Northern latitudes

Due to poorly functioning local and regional markets, the smallholders in San Francisco, Petén, were dependent on intermediaries that took advantage of the smallholder’s distance to markets. In an attempt to secure income and strengthen their bargaining position, 189 smallholders joined forces through the creation of a social smallholder network, held together by a community based enterprise. This enterprise was initiated in 2011 with the help of government incentive programmes and NGOs that within a few years will leave the enterprise to auto regime. This study treats the sustainability of a community forest based enterprise, Chachaklum, in northern Guatemala. The study identifies factors that enable smallholders to organize themselves in order to obtain business practices that support an improved standard of living. The viability of the enterprise and its relation to external business partners are analyzed through a stakeholder approach. The findings of this study shows that the development of Chachaklum is highly dependent on a large number of stakeholders to which it has created very positive relations. One determining success factor was found to be that the business idea plays well with the municipal development plan. It was also found that the social idea of the enterprise appears to have a positive effect on stakeholder relations with NGOs and government representatives. The conclusions drawn in this study are that even though Chachaklum has not reached economic sustainability, the social vision of the enterprise and its currently strong stakeholder relations creates many possibilities. It was found that Chachaklum’s future viability cannot be predicted by solely consider its auto sustainability since the enterprise may not need to be auto sustainable within a forseable future. Its complex stakeholder relations also require an in depth analysis since Chachaklum does not function as an independent entperprise but is created by several stakeholders and for seve, Till följd av dåligt fungerande lokala och regionala marknader, var småbönderna i San Fransisco, Petén, beroende av mellanhänder som utnyttjade böndernas isolering från marknader. Med mål att säkra inkomster och stärka sin förhandlingsposition, gick 189 bönder samman och skapade ett socialt nätverk som sammanhålls av ett samhällskooperativ. Företaget startades 2011 med hjälp av statliga stöd och ideella organisationer vilka inom några år kommer att lämna företaget att klara sig på egen hand. Den här studien behandlar överlevnadsförmågan för ett samhällskooperativ, Chachaklum, i norra Guatemala. Studien identifierar faktorer som tillåter småbönder att organisera sig och skapa företagsformer som stödjer bättre levnadsförhållanden. Företaget undersöks ur ett intressentperspektiv. Studien har funnit att Chachaklums utveckling är högst beroende av flertalet externa intressenter och att företaget, för tillfället har goda relationer till dessa intressenter. En viktig framgångsfaktor som har identifierats är att företagets vision sammanfaller väl med kommunens utvecklingsplan. Företagets sociala mål har också haft positiv påverkan på dess relation med ideella organisationer statliga och organ. Slutsatserna av studien är att även om Chachaklum inte har uppnått ekonomisk hållbarhet, så innebär dess sociala vision och i starka relationer till dess intressenter många möjligheter. Studien fann även att Chachaklums framtida hållbarhet inte kan mätas genom att endast beakta dess självständighet eftersom företaget inte kommer att behöva vara självständigt inom en förutsebar farmtid. Dess komplexa relation till sina intressenter, kräver också en omfattande analys eftersom företaget inte fungerar som ett självständigt företag utan är skapat av flera intressenter och för flera ändamål. Den här studien har även funnit att det finns ett generellt behov av fler studier som behandlar samhällskooperativ. Huruvida modellen skulle vara framgångsrik i andra samhällen beror på flera påverkande

This study examined the schooling experiences of eleven graduates from the rural south of Egypt with primary community schools in Assiut. The study used individual interviews and focus groups to examine how community school graduates understood their experiences. The community schools were found to have removed previous obstacles of distance and cost. The quality of education that the students received allowed them to flourish in education rather than falter, and that was largely influenced by the quality of their relationship with their teachers. The students learned academic skills, as well as attitudes and dispositions that serve as cultural capital. They have more opportunities than before, yet also face significant challenges as they transition to the public system. The model of community schooling is also facing significant challenges as differences with the public schooling systems are exerting tension on the community school model to converge.

Ce projet de maîtrise consiste à l'asservissement et la mise en marche d'un réacteur d'épitaxie par jets chimiques au Laboratoire d'Épitaxie Avancée de l'Université de Sherbrooke. Le réacteur sert à la croissance dans l'ultravide de matériaux semi-conducteurs tels que l'arséniure de gallium (GaAs) et le phosphure d'indium-gallium (GalnP). La programmation LabVIEW™ et du matériel informatique de National Instruments sont utilisés pour asservir le réacteur. Le contrôle de la température de l'échantillon et de la pression de contrôle des réactifs de croissance dans le réacteur est assuré par des boucles de rétroaction. Ainsi, la température de l'échantillon est stabilisée à ±0,4 °C, alors que les pressions de contrôle de gaz peuvent être modulées sur un ordre de grandeur en 2 à 4 secondes, et stabilisées à ±0,002 Torr. Le système de pompage du réacteur a été amélioré suite à des mesures de vitesse de pompage d'une pompe cryogénique. Ces mesures révèlent une dégradation sur plus d'un ordre de grandeur de son pompage d'hydrogène avec l'opération à long terme. Le remplacement de la pompe cryogénique par une pompe turbo-moléculaire comme pompe principale a permis d'améliorer la fiabilité du système de pompage du système sous vide. D'autre part, la conductance du système d'acheminement de gaz et d'injection a été augmentée afin de réduire un effet mémoire des sources le système et faciliter la croissance de matériaux ternaires. Ainsi, des croissances de GaAs (100) sur substrat de même nature ont été effectuées et ont révélé un matériau de bonne qualité. Sa rugosité moyenne de 0,17 nm, mesurée par microscopie à force atomique, est très faible selon la littérature. De plus, une mobilité élevée des porteurs est obtenue à fort dopage au silicium, au tellure et au carbone, notamment une mobilité de 42 ± 9 cm2V_1s_1 des porteurs majoritaires "(trous) lors du dopage au carbone à 1,5 • 1019 cm-3, en accord avec la courbe théorique. La croissance du matériau ternaire GalnP a aussi é

Ce projet de maîtrise consiste à l'asservissement et la mise en marche d'un réacteur d'épitaxie par jets chimiques au Laboratoire d'Épitaxie Avancée de l'Université de Sherbrooke. Le réacteur sert à la croissance dans l'ultravide de matériaux semi-conducteurs tels que l'arséniure de gallium (GaAs) et le phosphure d'indium-gallium (GalnP). La programmation LabVIEW™ et du matériel informatique de National Instruments sont utilisés pour asservir le réacteur. Le contrôle de la température de l'échantillon et de la pression de contrôle des réactifs de croissance dans le réacteur est assuré par des boucles de rétroaction. Ainsi, la température de l'échantillon est stabilisée à ±0,4 °C, alors que les pressions de contrôle de gaz peuvent être modulées sur un ordre de grandeur en 2 à 4 secondes, et stabilisées à ±0,002 Torr. Le système de pompage du réacteur a été amélioré suite à des mesures de vitesse de pompage d'une pompe cryogénique. Ces mesures révèlent une dégradation sur plus d'un ordre de grandeur de son pompage d'hydrogène avec l'opération à long terme. Le remplacement de la pompe cryogénique par une pompe turbo-moléculaire comme pompe principale a permis d'améliorer la fiabilité du système de pompage du système sous vide. D'autre part, la conductance du système d'acheminement de gaz et d'injection a été augmentée afin de réduire un effet mémoire des sources le système et faciliter la croissance de matériaux ternaires. Ainsi, des croissances de GaAs (100) sur substrat de même nature ont été effectuées et ont révélé un matériau de bonne qualité. Sa rugosité moyenne de 0,17 nm, mesurée par microscopie à force atomique, est très faible selon la littérature. De plus, une mobilité élevée des porteurs est obtenue à fort dopage au silicium, au tellure et au carbone, notamment une mobilité de 42 ± 9 cm2V_1s_1 des porteurs majoritaires "(trous) lors du dopage au carbone à 1,5 • 1019 cm-3, en accord avec la courbe théorique. La croissance du matériau ternaire GalnP a aussi é

La situation énergétique et les enjeux environnementaux auxquels la société est confrontée entraînent un intérêt grandissant pour la production d'électricité à partir de l'énergie solaire. Parmi les technologies actuellement disponibles, la filière du photovoltaïque à concentrateur solaire (CPV pour concentrator photovoltaics) possède un rendement supérieur et un potentiel intéressant à condition que ses coûts de production soient compétitifs.La méthode d'épitaxie par faisceaux chimiques (CBE pour chemical beam epitaxy) possède plusieurs caractéristiques qui la rendent intéressante pour la production à grande échelle de cellules photovoltaïques à jonctions multiples à base de semi-conducteurs III-V. Ce type de cellule possède la meilleure efficacité atteinte à ce jour et est utilisé sur les satellites et les systèmes photovoltaïques à concentrateur solaire (CPV) les plus efficaces. Une des principales forces de la technique CBE se trouve dans son potentiel d'efficacité d'utilisation des matériaux source qui est supérieur à celui de la technique d'épitaxie qui est couramment utilisée pour la production à grande échelle de ces cellules. Ce mémoire de maîtrise présente les travaux effectués dans le but d'évaluer le potentiel de la technique CBE pour réaliser la croissance de couches de GaAs sur des substrats de Ge. Cette croissance constitue la première étape de fabrication de nombreux modèles de cellules solaires à haute performance décrites plus haut.La réalisation de ce projet a nécessité le développement d'un procédé de préparation de surface pour les substrats de germanium, la réalisation de nombreuses séances de croissance épitaxiale et la caractérisation des matériaux obtenus par microscopie optique, microscopie à force atomique (AFM), diffraction des rayons-X à haute résolution (HRXRD), microscopie électronique à transmission (TEM), photoluminescence à basse température (LTPL) et spectrométrie de masse des ions secondaires (SIMS). Les expériences ont permis de

La situation énergétique et les enjeux environnementaux auxquels la société est confrontée entraînent un intérêt grandissant pour la production d'électricité à partir de l'énergie solaire. Parmi les technologies actuellement disponibles, la filière du photovoltaïque à concentrateur solaire (CPV pour concentrator photovoltaics) possède un rendement supérieur et un potentiel intéressant à condition que ses coûts de production soient compétitifs.La méthode d'épitaxie par faisceaux chimiques (CBE pour chemical beam epitaxy) possède plusieurs caractéristiques qui la rendent intéressante pour la production à grande échelle de cellules photovoltaïques à jonctions multiples à base de semi-conducteurs III-V. Ce type de cellule possède la meilleure efficacité atteinte à ce jour et est utilisé sur les satellites et les systèmes photovoltaïques à concentrateur solaire (CPV) les plus efficaces. Une des principales forces de la technique CBE se trouve dans son potentiel d'efficacité d'utilisation des matériaux source qui est supérieur à celui de la technique d'épitaxie qui est couramment utilisée pour la production à grande échelle de ces cellules. Ce mémoire de maîtrise présente les travaux effectués dans le but d'évaluer le potentiel de la technique CBE pour réaliser la croissance de couches de GaAs sur des substrats de Ge. Cette croissance constitue la première étape de fabrication de nombreux modèles de cellules solaires à haute performance décrites plus haut.La réalisation de ce projet a nécessité le développement d'un procédé de préparation de surface pour les substrats de germanium, la réalisation de nombreuses séances de croissance épitaxiale et la caractérisation des matériaux obtenus par microscopie optique, microscopie à force atomique (AFM), diffraction des rayons-X à haute résolution (HRXRD), microscopie électronique à transmission (TEM), photoluminescence à basse température (LTPL) et spectrométrie de masse des ions secondaires (SIMS). Les expériences ont permis de

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá tvorbou dokumentací k elektro-technickým projektům nástroje Engineering Base. Pojednává o novém přístupu k datům z databáze Engineering Base a popisuje jeho využití. Praktickým cílem byl vývoj aplikace, která má sloužit jako základ pro komerční využití této funkcionality. Výsledná aplikace byla implementována s využitím .NET Frameworku a EB API pro Engineering Base verze 6.5.2. V práci je také popsáno testování základní aplikace a z poznatků z testování jsou vytvořeny návrhy možných rozšíření. Tyto návrhy mohou být využity pro další vývoj a řešení různých omezení., This bachelor thesis deals with creation of documentation for electro-technical projects based on the Engineering Base tool. It cintains the new access how to obtain data from the Engineering Base database and describes how it is used. The practical aim was to develop an application that should serve as the basis for the commercial use of this functionality. The application was implemented using the .NET Framework and EB API for Engineering Base version 6.5.2. The work also describes testing of the basic application, while the outcome of the testing provides suggestions for possible extensions. These suggestions can be used for further development and solving various restrictions.

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá tvorbou dokumentací k elektro-technickým projektům nástroje Engineering Base. Pojednává o novém přístupu k datům z databáze Engineering Base a popisuje jeho využití. Praktickým cílem byl vývoj aplikace, která má sloužit jako základ pro komerční využití této funkcionality. Výsledná aplikace byla implementována s využitím .NET Frameworku a EB API pro Engineering Base verze 6.5.2. V práci je také popsáno testování základní aplikace a z poznatků z testování jsou vytvořeny návrhy možných rozšíření. Tyto návrhy mohou být využity pro další vývoj a řešení různých omezení., This bachelor thesis deals with creation of documentation for electro-technical projects based on the Engineering Base tool. It cintains the new access how to obtain data from the Engineering Base database and describes how it is used. The practical aim was to develop an application that should serve as the basis for the commercial use of this functionality. The application was implemented using the .NET Framework and EB API for Engineering Base version 6.5.2. The work also describes testing of the basic application, while the outcome of the testing provides suggestions for possible extensions. These suggestions can be used for further development and solving various restrictions.

This is the Author's Accepted Manuscript of: Wilk, V., Soutar, G. N., & Harrigan, P. (2019). Online brand advocacy (OBA): the development of a multiple item scale. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 29(4) 415 - 429. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-10-2018-2090

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá tvorbou dokumentací k elektro-technickým projektům nástroje Engineering Base. Pojednává o novém přístupu k datům z databáze Engineering Base a popisuje jeho využití. Praktickým cílem byl vývoj aplikace, která má sloužit jako základ pro komerční využití této funkcionality. Výsledná aplikace byla implementována s využitím .NET Frameworku a EB API pro Engineering Base verze 6.5.2. V práci je také popsáno testování základní aplikace a z poznatků z testování jsou vytvořeny návrhy možných rozšíření. Tyto návrhy mohou být využity pro další vývoj a řešení různých omezení., This bachelor thesis deals with creation of documentation for electro-technical projects based on the Engineering Base tool. It cintains the new access how to obtain data from the Engineering Base database and describes how it is used. The practical aim was to develop an application that should serve as the basis for the commercial use of this functionality. The application was implemented using the .NET Framework and EB API for Engineering Base version 6.5.2. The work also describes testing of the basic application, while the outcome of the testing provides suggestions for possible extensions. These suggestions can be used for further development and solving various restrictions.

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá tvorbou dokumentací k elektro-technickým projektům nástroje Engineering Base. Pojednává o novém přístupu k datům z databáze Engineering Base a popisuje jeho využití. Praktickým cílem byl vývoj aplikace, která má sloužit jako základ pro komerční využití této funkcionality. Výsledná aplikace byla implementována s využitím .NET Frameworku a EB API pro Engineering Base verze 6.5.2. V práci je také popsáno testování základní aplikace a z poznatků z testování jsou vytvořeny návrhy možných rozšíření. Tyto návrhy mohou být využity pro další vývoj a řešení různých omezení., This bachelor thesis deals with creation of documentation for electro-technical projects based on the Engineering Base tool. It cintains the new access how to obtain data from the Engineering Base database and describes how it is used. The practical aim was to develop an application that should serve as the basis for the commercial use of this functionality. The application was implemented using the .NET Framework and EB API for Engineering Base version 6.5.2. The work also describes testing of the basic application, while the outcome of the testing provides suggestions for possible extensions. These suggestions can be used for further development and solving various restrictions.

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá tvorbou dokumentací k elektro-technickým projektům nástroje Engineering Base. Pojednává o novém přístupu k datům z databáze Engineering Base a popisuje jeho využití. Praktickým cílem byl vývoj aplikace, která má sloužit jako základ pro komerční využití této funkcionality. Výsledná aplikace byla implementována s využitím .NET Frameworku a EB API pro Engineering Base verze 6.5.2. V práci je také popsáno testování základní aplikace a z poznatků z testování jsou vytvořeny návrhy možných rozšíření. Tyto návrhy mohou být využity pro další vývoj a řešení různých omezení., This bachelor thesis deals with creation of documentation for electro-technical projects based on the Engineering Base tool. It cintains the new access how to obtain data from the Engineering Base database and describes how it is used. The practical aim was to develop an application that should serve as the basis for the commercial use of this functionality. The application was implemented using the .NET Framework and EB API for Engineering Base version 6.5.2. The work also describes testing of the basic application, while the outcome of the testing provides suggestions for possible extensions. These suggestions can be used for further development and solving various restrictions.

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá tvorbou dokumentací k elektro-technickým projektům nástroje Engineering Base. Pojednává o novém přístupu k datům z databáze Engineering Base a popisuje jeho využití. Praktickým cílem byl vývoj aplikace, která má sloužit jako základ pro komerční využití této funkcionality. Výsledná aplikace byla implementována s využitím .NET Frameworku a EB API pro Engineering Base verze 6.5.2. V práci je také popsáno testování základní aplikace a z poznatků z testování jsou vytvořeny návrhy možných rozšíření. Tyto návrhy mohou být využity pro další vývoj a řešení různých omezení., This bachelor thesis deals with creation of documentation for electro-technical projects based on the Engineering Base tool. It cintains the new access how to obtain data from the Engineering Base database and describes how it is used. The practical aim was to develop an application that should serve as the basis for the commercial use of this functionality. The application was implemented using the .NET Framework and EB API for Engineering Base version 6.5.2. The work also describes testing of the basic application, while the outcome of the testing provides suggestions for possible extensions. These suggestions can be used for further development and solving various restrictions.

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá tvorbou dokumentací k elektro-technickým projektům nástroje Engineering Base. Pojednává o novém přístupu k datům z databáze Engineering Base a popisuje jeho využití. Praktickým cílem byl vývoj aplikace, která má sloužit jako základ pro komerční využití této funkcionality. Výsledná aplikace byla implementována s využitím .NET Frameworku a EB API pro Engineering Base verze 6.5.2. V práci je také popsáno testování základní aplikace a z poznatků z testování jsou vytvořeny návrhy možných rozšíření. Tyto návrhy mohou být využity pro další vývoj a řešení různých omezení., This bachelor thesis deals with creation of documentation for electro-technical projects based on the Engineering Base tool. It cintains the new access how to obtain data from the Engineering Base database and describes how it is used. The practical aim was to develop an application that should serve as the basis for the commercial use of this functionality. The application was implemented using the .NET Framework and EB API for Engineering Base version 6.5.2. The work also describes testing of the basic application, while the outcome of the testing provides suggestions for possible extensions. These suggestions can be used for further development and solving various restrictions.

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá tvorbou dokumentací k elektro-technickým projektům nástroje Engineering Base. Pojednává o novém přístupu k datům z databáze Engineering Base a popisuje jeho využití. Praktickým cílem byl vývoj aplikace, která má sloužit jako základ pro komerční využití této funkcionality. Výsledná aplikace byla implementována s využitím .NET Frameworku a EB API pro Engineering Base verze 6.5.2. V práci je také popsáno testování základní aplikace a z poznatků z testování jsou vytvořeny návrhy možných rozšíření. Tyto návrhy mohou být využity pro další vývoj a řešení různých omezení., This bachelor thesis deals with creation of documentation for electro-technical projects based on the Engineering Base tool. It cintains the new access how to obtain data from the Engineering Base database and describes how it is used. The practical aim was to develop an application that should serve as the basis for the commercial use of this functionality. The application was implemented using the .NET Framework and EB API for Engineering Base version 6.5.2. The work also describes testing of the basic application, while the outcome of the testing provides suggestions for possible extensions. These suggestions can be used for further development and solving various restrictions.