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1. Development of the Asia Pacific Consortium on Osteoporosis (APCO) Framework: clinical standards of care for the screening, diagnosis, and management of osteoporosis in the Asia-Pacific region.

Author

Valleenukul T., Chit T.T., Tiu K.L., Yung C.K., Zhao Y.L., Chandran M., Mitchell P.J., Amphansap T., Bhadada S.K., Chadha M., Chan D.-C., Chung Y.-S., Ebeling P., Gilchrist N., Habib Khan A., Halbout P., Hew F.L., Lan H.-P.T., Lau T.C., Lee J.K., Lekamwasam S., Lyubomirsky G., Mercado-Asis L.B., Mithal A., Nguyen T.V., Pandey D., Reid I.R., Suzuki A., Valleenukul T., Chit T.T., Tiu K.L., Yung C.K., Zhao Y.L., Chandran M., Mitchell P.J., Amphansap T., Bhadada S.K., Chadha M., Chan D.-C., Chung Y.-S., Ebeling P., Gilchrist N., Habib Khan A., Halbout P., Hew F.L., Lan H.-P.T., Lau T.C., Lee J.K., Lekamwasam S., Lyubomirsky G., Mercado-Asis L.B., Mithal A., Nguyen T.V., Pandey D., Reid I.R., and Suzuki A.

Abstract

Summary: Guidelines for doctors managing osteoporosis in the Asia-Pacific region vary widely. We compared 18 guidelines for similarities and differences in five key areas. We then used a structured consensus process to develop clinical standards of care for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis and for improving the quality of care. Purpose(s): Minimum clinical standards for assessment and management of osteoporosis are needed in the Asia-Pacific (AP) region to inform clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and to improve osteoporosis care. We present the framework of these clinical standards and describe its development. Method(s): We conducted a structured comparative analysis of existing CPGs in the AP region using a "5IQ" model (identification, investigation, information, intervention, integration, and quality). One-hundred data elements were extracted from each guideline. We then employed a four-round Delphi consensus process to structure the framework, identify key components of guidance, and develop clinical care standards. Result(s): Eighteen guidelines were included. The 5IQ analysis demonstrated marked heterogeneity, notably in guidance on risk factors, the use of biochemical markers, self-care information for patients, indications for osteoporosis treatment, use of fracture risk assessment tools, and protocols for monitoring treatment. There was minimal guidance on long-term management plans or on strategies and systems for clinical quality improvement. Twenty-nine APCO members participated in the Delphi process, resulting in consensus on 16 clinical standards, with levels of attainment defined for those on identification and investigation of fragility fractures, vertebral fracture assessment, and inclusion of quality metrics in guidelines. Conclusion(s): The 5IQ analysis confirmed previous anecdotal observations of marked heterogeneity of osteoporosis clinical guidelines in the AP region. The Framework provides practical, clear, and feasible recommend

Published
2021

2. Publisher Correction to: Development of the Asia Pacific Consortium on Osteoporosis (APCO) framework: clinical standards of care for the screening, diagnosis, and management of osteoporosis in the Asia-Pacific region (Osteoporosis International, (2021), 32, 7, (1249-1275), 10.1007/s00198-020-05742-0).

Author

Chandran M., Mitchell P.J., Amphansap T., Bhadada S.K., Chadha M., Chan D.-C., Chung Y.-S., Ebeling P., Gilchrist N., Habib Khan A., Halbout P., Hew F.L., Lan H.-P.T., Lau T.C., Lee J.K., Lekamwasam S., Lyubomirsky G., Mercado-Asis L.B., Mithal A., Nguyen T.V., Pandey D., Reid I.R., Suzuki A., Chit T.T., Tiu K.L., Valleenukul T., Yung C.K., Zhao Y.L., Chandran M., Mitchell P.J., Amphansap T., Bhadada S.K., Chadha M., Chan D.-C., Chung Y.-S., Ebeling P., Gilchrist N., Habib Khan A., Halbout P., Hew F.L., Lan H.-P.T., Lau T.C., Lee J.K., Lekamwasam S., Lyubomirsky G., Mercado-Asis L.B., Mithal A., Nguyen T.V., Pandey D., Reid I.R., Suzuki A., Chit T.T., Tiu K.L., Valleenukul T., Yung C.K., and Zhao Y.L.

Abstract

Publisher Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-021-05953-z.Copyright © 2021, The Author(s).

Published
2021

3. Development of the Asia Pacific Consortium on Osteoporosis (APCO) Framework: clinical standards of care for the screening, diagnosis, and management of osteoporosis in the Asia-Pacific region.

Author

Valleenukul T., Chit T.T., Tiu K.L., Yung C.K., Zhao Y.L., Chandran M., Mitchell P.J., Amphansap T., Bhadada S.K., Chadha M., Chan D.-C., Chung Y.-S., Ebeling P., Gilchrist N., Habib Khan A., Halbout P., Hew F.L., Lan H.-P.T., Lau T.C., Lee J.K., Lekamwasam S., Lyubomirsky G., Mercado-Asis L.B., Mithal A., Nguyen T.V., Pandey D., Reid I.R., Suzuki A., Valleenukul T., Chit T.T., Tiu K.L., Yung C.K., Zhao Y.L., Chandran M., Mitchell P.J., Amphansap T., Bhadada S.K., Chadha M., Chan D.-C., Chung Y.-S., Ebeling P., Gilchrist N., Habib Khan A., Halbout P., Hew F.L., Lan H.-P.T., Lau T.C., Lee J.K., Lekamwasam S., Lyubomirsky G., Mercado-Asis L.B., Mithal A., Nguyen T.V., Pandey D., Reid I.R., and Suzuki A.

Abstract

Summary: Guidelines for doctors managing osteoporosis in the Asia-Pacific region vary widely. We compared 18 guidelines for similarities and differences in five key areas. We then used a structured consensus process to develop clinical standards of care for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis and for improving the quality of care. Purpose(s): Minimum clinical standards for assessment and management of osteoporosis are needed in the Asia-Pacific (AP) region to inform clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and to improve osteoporosis care. We present the framework of these clinical standards and describe its development. Method(s): We conducted a structured comparative analysis of existing CPGs in the AP region using a "5IQ" model (identification, investigation, information, intervention, integration, and quality). One-hundred data elements were extracted from each guideline. We then employed a four-round Delphi consensus process to structure the framework, identify key components of guidance, and develop clinical care standards. Result(s): Eighteen guidelines were included. The 5IQ analysis demonstrated marked heterogeneity, notably in guidance on risk factors, the use of biochemical markers, self-care information for patients, indications for osteoporosis treatment, use of fracture risk assessment tools, and protocols for monitoring treatment. There was minimal guidance on long-term management plans or on strategies and systems for clinical quality improvement. Twenty-nine APCO members participated in the Delphi process, resulting in consensus on 16 clinical standards, with levels of attainment defined for those on identification and investigation of fragility fractures, vertebral fracture assessment, and inclusion of quality metrics in guidelines. Conclusion(s): The 5IQ analysis confirmed previous anecdotal observations of marked heterogeneity of osteoporosis clinical guidelines in the AP region. The Framework provides practical, clear, and feasible recommend

Published
2021

4. Development of the Asia Pacific Consortium on Osteoporosis (APCO) Framework: clinical standards of care for the screening, diagnosis, and management of osteoporosis in the Asia-Pacific region.

Author

Chandran, M, Mitchell, PJ, Amphansap, T, Bhadada, SK, Chadha, M, Chan, D-C, Chung, Y-S, Ebeling, P, Gilchrist, N, Habib Khan, A, Halbout, P, Hew, FL, Lan, H-PT, Lau, TC, Lee, JK, Lekamwasam, S, Lyubomirsky, G, Mercado-Asis, LB, Mithal, A, Nguyen, TV, Pandey, D, Reid, IR, Suzuki, A, Chit, TT, Tiu, KL, Valleenukul, T, Yung, CK, Zhao, YL, Asia Pacific Consortium on Osteoporosis (APCO), Chandran, M, Mitchell, PJ, Amphansap, T, Bhadada, SK, Chadha, M, Chan, D-C, Chung, Y-S, Ebeling, P, Gilchrist, N, Habib Khan, A, Halbout, P, Hew, FL, Lan, H-PT, Lau, TC, Lee, JK, Lekamwasam, S, Lyubomirsky, G, Mercado-Asis, LB, Mithal, A, Nguyen, TV, Pandey, D, Reid, IR, Suzuki, A, Chit, TT, Tiu, KL, Valleenukul, T, Yung, CK, Zhao, YL, and Asia Pacific Consortium on Osteoporosis (APCO)

Abstract

Guidelines for doctors managing osteoporosis in the Asia-Pacific region vary widely. We compared 18 guidelines for similarities and differences in five key areas. We then used a structured consensus process to develop clinical standards of care for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis and for improving the quality of care. PURPOSE: Minimum clinical standards for assessment and management of osteoporosis are needed in the Asia-Pacific (AP) region to inform clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and to improve osteoporosis care. We present the framework of these clinical standards and describe its development. METHODS: We conducted a structured comparative analysis of existing CPGs in the AP region using a "5IQ" model (identification, investigation, information, intervention, integration, and quality). One-hundred data elements were extracted from each guideline. We then employed a four-round Delphi consensus process to structure the framework, identify key components of guidance, and develop clinical care standards. RESULTS: Eighteen guidelines were included. The 5IQ analysis demonstrated marked heterogeneity, notably in guidance on risk factors, the use of biochemical markers, self-care information for patients, indications for osteoporosis treatment, use of fracture risk assessment tools, and protocols for monitoring treatment. There was minimal guidance on long-term management plans or on strategies and systems for clinical quality improvement. Twenty-nine APCO members participated in the Delphi process, resulting in consensus on 16 clinical standards, with levels of attainment defined for those on identification and investigation of fragility fractures, vertebral fracture assessment, and inclusion of quality metrics in guidelines. CONCLUSION: The 5IQ analysis confirmed previous anecdotal observations of marked heterogeneity of osteoporosis clinical guidelines in the AP region. The Framework provides practical, clear, and feasible recommendations for osteopor

Published
2021

5. Human respiratory syncytial virus and influenza seasonality patterns-Early findings from the WHO global respiratory syncytial virus surveillance

Author

Chadha, M, Hirve, S, Bancej, C, Barr, I, Baumeister, E, Caetano, B, Chittaganpitch, M, Darmaa, B, Ellis, J, Fasce, R, Kadjo, H, Jackson, S, Leung, V, Pisareva, M, Moyes, J, Naguib, A, Tivane, A, Zhang, W, Chadha, M, Hirve, S, Bancej, C, Barr, I, Baumeister, E, Caetano, B, Chittaganpitch, M, Darmaa, B, Ellis, J, Fasce, R, Kadjo, H, Jackson, S, Leung, V, Pisareva, M, Moyes, J, Naguib, A, Tivane, A, and Zhang, W

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes illnesses among all age groups and presents a burden to healthcare services. To better understand the epidemiology and seasonality of RSV in different geographical areas, the World Health Organization (WHO) coordinated a pilot initiative to access the feasibility of establishing RSV surveillance using the existing Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) platform. OBJECTIVES: To describe and compare RSV and influenza seasonality in countries in the northern andsouthern temperate, and tropics during the period January 2017 to April 2019. METHODS: Fourteen countries in six WHO regions participating in the GISRS were invited for the pilot. Hospitalized patients presenting with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI), SARI without fever and outpatients presenting with acute respiratory illness (ARI) were enrolled from January 2017 to April 2019. The expected minimum sample size was 20 samples per week, year-round, per country. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect RSV and influenza viruses. Results were uploaded to the WHO FluMart platform. RESULTS: Annual seasonality of RSV was observed in all countries, which overlapped to a large extent with the influenza activity. In countries, in temperate regions RSV peaked in the autumn/winter months. In Egypt, a subtropical country, RSV activity peaked in the cooler season. In the tropical regions, RSV peaked during the rainy seasons. CONCLUSION: Early findings from the WHO RSV surveillance pilot based on the GISRS suggest annual seasonal patterns for of RSV circulation that overlap with influenza. RSV surveillance needs to be continued for several more seasons to establish seasonality patterns to inform prevention and control strategies.

Published
2020

6. Results from the WHO external quality assessment for the respiratory syncytial virus pilot, 2016-17

Author

Jackson, S, Peret, TCT, Ziegler, TT, Thornburg, NJ, Besselaar, T, Broor, S, Barr, I, Baumeister, E, Chadha, M, Chittaganpitch, M, Darmaa, B, Ellis, J, Fasce, R, Herring, B, Herve, K, Hirve, S, Li, Y, Pisareva, M, Moen, A, Naguib, A, Palekar, R, Potdar, V, Siqueira, M, Treurnicht, F, Tivane, A, Venter, M, Wairagkar, N, Zambon, M, Zhang, W, Jackson, S, Peret, TCT, Ziegler, TT, Thornburg, NJ, Besselaar, T, Broor, S, Barr, I, Baumeister, E, Chadha, M, Chittaganpitch, M, Darmaa, B, Ellis, J, Fasce, R, Herring, B, Herve, K, Hirve, S, Li, Y, Pisareva, M, Moen, A, Naguib, A, Palekar, R, Potdar, V, Siqueira, M, Treurnicht, F, Tivane, A, Venter, M, Wairagkar, N, Zambon, M, and Zhang, W

Abstract

BACKGROUND: External quality assessments (EQAs) for the molecular detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are necessary to ensure the provision of reliable and accurate results. One of the objectives of the pilot of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global RSV Surveillance, 2016-2017, was to evaluate and standardize RSV molecular tests used by participating countries. This paper describes the first WHO RSV EQA for the molecular detection of RSV. METHODS: The WHO implemented the pilot of Global RSV Surveillance based on the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) from 2016 to 2018 in 14 countries. To ensure standardization of tests, 13 participating laboratories were required to complete a 12 panel RSV EQA prepared and distributed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USA. The 14th laboratory joined the pilot late and participated in a separate EQA. Laboratories evaluated a RSV rRT-PCR assay developed by CDC and compared where applicable, other Laboratory Developed Tests (LDTs) or commercial assays already in use at their laboratories. RESULTS: Laboratories performed well using the CDC RSV rRT-PCR in comparison with LDTs and commercial assays. Using the CDC assay, 11 of 13 laboratories reported correct results. Two laboratories each reported one false-positive finding. Of the laboratories using LDTs or commercial assays, results as assessed by Ct values were 100% correct for 1/5 (20%). With corrective actions, all laboratories achieved satisfactory outputs. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that reliable results can be expected from this pilot. Continued participation in EQAs for the molecular detection of RSV is recommended.

Published
2020

7. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study

Author

Shi, T, McAllister, DA, O'Brien, KL, Simoes, EAF, Madhi, SA, Gessner, BD, Polack, FP, Balsells, E, Acacio, S, Aguayo, C, Alassani, I, Ali, A, Antonio, M, Awasthi, S, Awori, JO, Azziz-Baumgartner, E, Baggett, HC, Baillie, VL, Balmaseda, A, Barahona, A, Basnet, S, Bassat, Q, Basualdo, W, Bigogo, G, Bont, L, Breiman, RF, Brooks, WA, Broor, S, Bruce, N, Bruden, D, Buchy, P, Campbell, S, Carosone-Link, P, Chadha, M, Chipeta, J, Chou, M, Clara, W, Cohen, C, de Cuellar, E, Dang, DA, Dash-yandag, B, Deloria-Knoll, M, Dherani, M, Eap, T, Ebruke, BE, Echavarria, M, de Freitas Lázaro Emediato, CC, Fasce, RA, Feikin, DR, Feng, L, Gentile, A, Gordon, A, Goswami, D, Goyet, S, Groome, M, Halasa, N, Hirve, S, Homaira, N, Howie, SRC, Jara, J, Jroundi, I, Kartasasmita, CB, Khuri-Bulos, N, Kotloff, KL, Krishnan, A, Libster, R, Lopez, O, Lucero, MG, Lucion, F, Lupisan, SP, Marcone, DN, McCracken, JP, Mejia, M, Moisi, JC, Montgomery, JM, Moore, DP, Moraleda, C, Moyes, J, Munywoki, P, Mutyara, K, Nicol, MP, Nokes, DJ, Nymadawa, P, da Costa Oliveira, MT, Oshitani, H, Pandey, N, Paranhos-Baccalà, G, Phillips, LN, Picot, VS, Rahman, M, Rakoto-Andrianarivelo, M, Rasmussen, ZA, Rath, BA, Robinson, A, Romero, C, Russomando, G, Salimi, V, Sawatwong, P, Scheltema, N, Schweiger, B, Shi, T, McAllister, DA, O'Brien, KL, Simoes, EAF, Madhi, SA, Gessner, BD, Polack, FP, Balsells, E, Acacio, S, Aguayo, C, Alassani, I, Ali, A, Antonio, M, Awasthi, S, Awori, JO, Azziz-Baumgartner, E, Baggett, HC, Baillie, VL, Balmaseda, A, Barahona, A, Basnet, S, Bassat, Q, Basualdo, W, Bigogo, G, Bont, L, Breiman, RF, Brooks, WA, Broor, S, Bruce, N, Bruden, D, Buchy, P, Campbell, S, Carosone-Link, P, Chadha, M, Chipeta, J, Chou, M, Clara, W, Cohen, C, de Cuellar, E, Dang, DA, Dash-yandag, B, Deloria-Knoll, M, Dherani, M, Eap, T, Ebruke, BE, Echavarria, M, de Freitas Lázaro Emediato, CC, Fasce, RA, Feikin, DR, Feng, L, Gentile, A, Gordon, A, Goswami, D, Goyet, S, Groome, M, Halasa, N, Hirve, S, Homaira, N, Howie, SRC, Jara, J, Jroundi, I, Kartasasmita, CB, Khuri-Bulos, N, Kotloff, KL, Krishnan, A, Libster, R, Lopez, O, Lucero, MG, Lucion, F, Lupisan, SP, Marcone, DN, McCracken, JP, Mejia, M, Moisi, JC, Montgomery, JM, Moore, DP, Moraleda, C, Moyes, J, Munywoki, P, Mutyara, K, Nicol, MP, Nokes, DJ, Nymadawa, P, da Costa Oliveira, MT, Oshitani, H, Pandey, N, Paranhos-Baccalà, G, Phillips, LN, Picot, VS, Rahman, M, Rakoto-Andrianarivelo, M, Rasmussen, ZA, Rath, BA, Robinson, A, Romero, C, Russomando, G, Salimi, V, Sawatwong, P, Scheltema, N, and Schweiger, B

Abstract

Background We have previously estimated that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was associated with 22% of all episodes of (severe) acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) resulting in 55 000 to 199 000 deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2005. In the past 5 years, major research activity on RSV has yielded substantial new data from developing countries. With a considerably expanded dataset from a large international collaboration, we aimed to estimate the global incidence, hospital admission rate, and mortality from RSV-ALRI episodes in young children in 2015. Methods We estimated the incidence and hospital admission rate of RSV-associated ALRI (RSV-ALRI) in children younger than 5 years stratified by age and World Bank income regions from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2016, and unpublished data from 76 high quality population-based studies. We estimated the RSV-ALRI incidence for 132 developing countries using a risk factor-based model and 2015 population estimates. We estimated the in-hospital RSV-ALRI mortality by combining in-hospital case fatality ratios with hospital admission estimates from hospital-based (published and unpublished) studies. We also estimated overall RSV-ALRI mortality by identifying studies reporting monthly data for ALRI mortality in the community and RSV activity. Findings We estimated that globally in 2015, 33·1 million (uncertainty range [UR] 21·6–50·3) episodes of RSV-ALRI, resulted in about 3·2 million (2·7–3·8) hospital admissions, and 59 600 (48 000–74 500) in-hospital deaths in children younger than 5 years. In children younger than 6 months, 1·4 million (UR 1·2–1·7) hospital admissions, and 27 300 (UR 20 700–36 200) in-hospital deaths were due to RSV-ALRI. We also estimated that the overall RSV-ALRI mortality could be as high as 118 200 (UR 94 600–149 400). Incidence and mortality varied substantially from year to year in any given population. Interpretation Globally, RSV is a com

Published
2017

8. Global Role and Burden of Influenza in Pediatric Respiratory Hospitalizations, 1982-2012: A Systematic Analysis

Author

Lafond, K.E., Nair, H., Rasooly, M.H., Valente, F., Booy, R., Rahman, M., Kitsutani, P., Yu, H., Guzman, G., Coulibaly, D., Armero, J., Jima, D., Howie, S.R., Ampofo, W., Mena, R., Chadha, M., Sampurno, O.D., Emukule, G.O., Nurmatov, Z., Corwin, A., Heraud, J.M., Noyola, D.E., Cojocaru, R., Nymadawa, P., Barakat, A., Adedeji, A., Horoch, M. von, Olveda, R., Nyatanyi, T., Venter, M., Mmbaga, V., Chittaganpitch, M., Nguyen, T.H., Theo, A., Whaley, M., Azziz-Baumgartner, E., Bresee, J., Campbell, H., Widdowson, M.A., Lafond, K.E., Nair, H., Rasooly, M.H., Valente, F., Booy, R., Rahman, M., Kitsutani, P., Yu, H., Guzman, G., Coulibaly, D., Armero, J., Jima, D., Howie, S.R., Ampofo, W., Mena, R., Chadha, M., Sampurno, O.D., Emukule, G.O., Nurmatov, Z., Corwin, A., Heraud, J.M., Noyola, D.E., Cojocaru, R., Nymadawa, P., Barakat, A., Adedeji, A., Horoch, M. von, Olveda, R., Nyatanyi, T., Venter, M., Mmbaga, V., Chittaganpitch, M., Nguyen, T.H., Theo, A., Whaley, M., Azziz-Baumgartner, E., Bresee, J., Campbell, H., and Widdowson, M.A.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 165650.PDF (publisher's version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: The global burden of pediatric severe respiratory illness is substantial, and influenza viruses contribute to this burden. Systematic surveillance and testing for influenza among hospitalized children has expanded globally over the past decade. However, only a fraction of the data has been used to estimate influenza burden. In this analysis, we use surveillance data to provide an estimate of influenza-associated hospitalizations among children worldwide. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We aggregated data from a systematic review (n = 108) and surveillance platforms (n = 37) to calculate a pooled estimate of the proportion of samples collected from children hospitalized with respiratory illnesses and positive for influenza by age group (<6 mo, <1 y, <2 y, <5 y, 5-17 y, and <18 y). We applied this proportion to global estimates of acute lower respiratory infection hospitalizations among children aged <1 y and <5 y, to obtain the number and per capita rate of influenza-associated hospitalizations by geographic region and socio-economic status. Influenza was associated with 10% (95% CI 8%-11%) of respiratory hospitalizations in children <18 y worldwide, ranging from 5% (95% CI 3%-7%) among children <6 mo to 16% (95% CI 14%-20%) among children 5-17 y. On average, we estimated that influenza results in approximately 374,000 (95% CI 264,000 to 539,000) hospitalizations in children <1 y-of which 228,000 (95% CI 150,000 to 344,000) occur in children <6 mo-and 870,000 (95% CI 610,000 to 1,237,000) hospitalizations in children <5 y annually. Influenza-associated hospitalization rates were more than three times higher in developing countries than in industrialized countries (150/100,000 children/year versus 48/100,000). However, differences in hospitalization practices between settings are an important limitation in interpreting these findings. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza is an important contributor to respiratory hospitalizations among young children worldwide. Increasing influen

Published
2016

9. Global Role and Burden of Influenza in Pediatric Respiratory Hospitalizations, 1982-2012: A Systematic Analysis

Author

Lafond, K.E., Nair, H., Rasooly, M.H., Valente, F., Booy, R., Rahman, M., Kitsutani, P., Yu, H., Guzman, G., Coulibaly, D., Armero, J., Jima, D., Howie, S.R., Ampofo, W., Mena, R., Chadha, M., Sampurno, O.D., Emukule, G.O., Nurmatov, Z., Corwin, A., Heraud, J.M., Noyola, D.E., Cojocaru, R., Nymadawa, P., Barakat, A., Adedeji, A., Horoch, M. von, Olveda, R., Nyatanyi, T., Venter, M., Mmbaga, V., Chittaganpitch, M., Nguyen, T.H., Theo, A., Whaley, M., Azziz-Baumgartner, E., Bresee, J., Campbell, H., Widdowson, M.A., Lafond, K.E., Nair, H., Rasooly, M.H., Valente, F., Booy, R., Rahman, M., Kitsutani, P., Yu, H., Guzman, G., Coulibaly, D., Armero, J., Jima, D., Howie, S.R., Ampofo, W., Mena, R., Chadha, M., Sampurno, O.D., Emukule, G.O., Nurmatov, Z., Corwin, A., Heraud, J.M., Noyola, D.E., Cojocaru, R., Nymadawa, P., Barakat, A., Adedeji, A., Horoch, M. von, Olveda, R., Nyatanyi, T., Venter, M., Mmbaga, V., Chittaganpitch, M., Nguyen, T.H., Theo, A., Whaley, M., Azziz-Baumgartner, E., Bresee, J., Campbell, H., and Widdowson, M.A.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 165650.PDF (publisher's version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: The global burden of pediatric severe respiratory illness is substantial, and influenza viruses contribute to this burden. Systematic surveillance and testing for influenza among hospitalized children has expanded globally over the past decade. However, only a fraction of the data has been used to estimate influenza burden. In this analysis, we use surveillance data to provide an estimate of influenza-associated hospitalizations among children worldwide. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We aggregated data from a systematic review (n = 108) and surveillance platforms (n = 37) to calculate a pooled estimate of the proportion of samples collected from children hospitalized with respiratory illnesses and positive for influenza by age group (<6 mo, <1 y, <2 y, <5 y, 5-17 y, and <18 y). We applied this proportion to global estimates of acute lower respiratory infection hospitalizations among children aged <1 y and <5 y, to obtain the number and per capita rate of influenza-associated hospitalizations by geographic region and socio-economic status. Influenza was associated with 10% (95% CI 8%-11%) of respiratory hospitalizations in children <18 y worldwide, ranging from 5% (95% CI 3%-7%) among children <6 mo to 16% (95% CI 14%-20%) among children 5-17 y. On average, we estimated that influenza results in approximately 374,000 (95% CI 264,000 to 539,000) hospitalizations in children <1 y-of which 228,000 (95% CI 150,000 to 344,000) occur in children <6 mo-and 870,000 (95% CI 610,000 to 1,237,000) hospitalizations in children <5 y annually. Influenza-associated hospitalization rates were more than three times higher in developing countries than in industrialized countries (150/100,000 children/year versus 48/100,000). However, differences in hospitalization practices between settings are an important limitation in interpreting these findings. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza is an important contributor to respiratory hospitalizations among young children worldwide. Increasing influen

Published
2016

10. Global Role and Burden of Influenza in Pediatric Respiratory Hospitalizations, 1982-2012: A Systematic Analysis

Author

Lafond, K.E., Nair, H., Rasooly, M.H., Valente, F., Booy, R., Rahman, M., Kitsutani, P., Yu, H., Guzman, G., Coulibaly, D., Armero, J., Jima, D., Howie, S.R., Ampofo, W., Mena, R., Chadha, M., Sampurno, O.D., Emukule, G.O., Nurmatov, Z., Corwin, A., Heraud, J.M., Noyola, D.E., Cojocaru, R., Nymadawa, P., Barakat, A., Adedeji, A., Horoch, M. von, Olveda, R., Nyatanyi, T., Venter, M., Mmbaga, V., Chittaganpitch, M., Nguyen, T.H., Theo, A., Whaley, M., Azziz-Baumgartner, E., Bresee, J., Campbell, H., Widdowson, M.A., Lafond, K.E., Nair, H., Rasooly, M.H., Valente, F., Booy, R., Rahman, M., Kitsutani, P., Yu, H., Guzman, G., Coulibaly, D., Armero, J., Jima, D., Howie, S.R., Ampofo, W., Mena, R., Chadha, M., Sampurno, O.D., Emukule, G.O., Nurmatov, Z., Corwin, A., Heraud, J.M., Noyola, D.E., Cojocaru, R., Nymadawa, P., Barakat, A., Adedeji, A., Horoch, M. von, Olveda, R., Nyatanyi, T., Venter, M., Mmbaga, V., Chittaganpitch, M., Nguyen, T.H., Theo, A., Whaley, M., Azziz-Baumgartner, E., Bresee, J., Campbell, H., and Widdowson, M.A.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 165650.PDF (publisher's version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: The global burden of pediatric severe respiratory illness is substantial, and influenza viruses contribute to this burden. Systematic surveillance and testing for influenza among hospitalized children has expanded globally over the past decade. However, only a fraction of the data has been used to estimate influenza burden. In this analysis, we use surveillance data to provide an estimate of influenza-associated hospitalizations among children worldwide. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We aggregated data from a systematic review (n = 108) and surveillance platforms (n = 37) to calculate a pooled estimate of the proportion of samples collected from children hospitalized with respiratory illnesses and positive for influenza by age group (<6 mo, <1 y, <2 y, <5 y, 5-17 y, and <18 y). We applied this proportion to global estimates of acute lower respiratory infection hospitalizations among children aged <1 y and <5 y, to obtain the number and per capita rate of influenza-associated hospitalizations by geographic region and socio-economic status. Influenza was associated with 10% (95% CI 8%-11%) of respiratory hospitalizations in children <18 y worldwide, ranging from 5% (95% CI 3%-7%) among children <6 mo to 16% (95% CI 14%-20%) among children 5-17 y. On average, we estimated that influenza results in approximately 374,000 (95% CI 264,000 to 539,000) hospitalizations in children <1 y-of which 228,000 (95% CI 150,000 to 344,000) occur in children <6 mo-and 870,000 (95% CI 610,000 to 1,237,000) hospitalizations in children <5 y annually. Influenza-associated hospitalization rates were more than three times higher in developing countries than in industrialized countries (150/100,000 children/year versus 48/100,000). However, differences in hospitalization practices between settings are an important limitation in interpreting these findings. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza is an important contributor to respiratory hospitalizations among young children worldwide. Increasing influen

Published
2016

11. Global circulation patterns of seasonal influenza viruses vary with antigenic drift

Author

Bedford, T. (Trevor), Riley, S. (Steven), Barr, I.G. (Ian), Broor, S. (Shobha), Chadha, M. (Mandeep), Cox, N.J. (Nancy), Daniels, R.S. (Rodney S.), Gunasekaran, C.P. (C. Palani), Hurt, A.C. (Aeron), Kelso, A., Klimov, A. (Alexander), Lewis, N.S. (Nicola), Li, X. (Xiyan), McCauley, J. (John William), Odagiri, T. (Takato), Potdar, V. (Varsha), Rambaut, A. (Andrew), Shu, Y. (Yuelong), Skepner, E. (Eugene), Smith, D.J. (Derek James), Suchard, M.A. (Marc), Tashiro, M. (Masato), Wang, D. (Dayan), Xu, X. (Xiyan), Lemey, P. (Philippe), Russell, C.A. (Colin), Bedford, T. (Trevor), Riley, S. (Steven), Barr, I.G. (Ian), Broor, S. (Shobha), Chadha, M. (Mandeep), Cox, N.J. (Nancy), Daniels, R.S. (Rodney S.), Gunasekaran, C.P. (C. Palani), Hurt, A.C. (Aeron), Kelso, A., Klimov, A. (Alexander), Lewis, N.S. (Nicola), Li, X. (Xiyan), McCauley, J. (John William), Odagiri, T. (Takato), Potdar, V. (Varsha), Rambaut, A. (Andrew), Shu, Y. (Yuelong), Skepner, E. (Eugene), Smith, D.J. (Derek James), Suchard, M.A. (Marc), Tashiro, M. (Masato), Wang, D. (Dayan), Xu, X. (Xiyan), Lemey, P. (Philippe), and Russell, C.A. (Colin)

Abstract

Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of emergence and circulation of new human seasonal influenza virus variants is a key scientific and public health challenge. The global circulation patterns of influenza A/H3N2 viruses are well characterized, but the patterns of A/H1N1 and B viruses have remained largely unexplored. Here we show that the global circulation patterns of A/H1N1 (up to 2009), B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata viruses differ substantially from those of A/H3N2 viruses, on the basis of analyses of 9,604 haemagglutinin sequences of human seasonal influenza viruses from 2000 to 2012. Whereas genetic variants of A/H3N2 viruses did not persist locally between epidemics and were reseeded from East and Southeast Asia, genetic variants of A/H1N1 and B viruses persisted across several seasons and exhibited complex global dynamics with East and Southeast Asia playing a limited role in disseminating new variants. The less frequent global movement of influenza A/H1N1 and B viruses coincided with slower rates of antigenic evolution, lower ages of infection, and smaller, less frequent epidemics compared to A/H3N2 viruses. Detailed epidemic models support differences in age of infection, combined with the less frequent travel of children, as probable drivers of the differences in the patterns of global circulation, suggesting a complex interaction between virus evolution, epidemiology, and human behaviour.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Global circulation patterns of seasonal influenza viruses vary with antigenic drift

Author

Bedford, T, Riley, S, Barr, IG, Broor, S, Chadha, M, Cox, NJ, Daniels, RS, Gunasekaran, CP, Hurt, AC, Kelso, A, Klimov, A, Lewis, NS, Li, X, McCauley, JW, Odagiri, T, Potdar, V, Rambaut, A, Shu, Y, Skepner, E, Smith, DJ, Suchard, MA, Tashiro, M, Wang, D, Xu, X, Lemey, P, Russell, CA, Bedford, T, Riley, S, Barr, IG, Broor, S, Chadha, M, Cox, NJ, Daniels, RS, Gunasekaran, CP, Hurt, AC, Kelso, A, Klimov, A, Lewis, NS, Li, X, McCauley, JW, Odagiri, T, Potdar, V, Rambaut, A, Shu, Y, Skepner, E, Smith, DJ, Suchard, MA, Tashiro, M, Wang, D, Xu, X, Lemey, P, and Russell, CA

Abstract

Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of emergence and circulation of new human seasonal influenza virus variants is a key scientific and public health challenge. The global circulation patterns of influenza A/H3N2 viruses are well characterized, but the patterns of A/H1N1 and B viruses have remained largely unexplored. Here we show that the global circulation patterns of A/H1N1 (up to 2009), B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata viruses differ substantially from those of A/H3N2 viruses, on the basis of analyses of 9,604 haemagglutinin sequences of human seasonal influenza viruses from 2000 to 2012. Whereas genetic variants of A/H3N2 viruses did not persist locally between epidemics and were reseeded from East and Southeast Asia, genetic variants of A/H1N1 and B viruses persisted across several seasons and exhibited complex global dynamics with East and Southeast Asia playing a limited role in disseminating new variants. The less frequent global movement of influenza A/H1N1 and B viruses coincided with slower rates of antigenic evolution, lower ages of infection, and smaller, less frequent epidemics compared to A/H3N2 viruses. Detailed epidemic models support differences in age of infection, combined with the less frequent travel of children, as probable drivers of the differences in the patterns of global circulation, suggesting a complex interaction between virus evolution, epidemiology, and human behaviour.

Published
2015

14. A recently identfied picornavirus genotype contributes to acute repiratory idease worldwidwe.

Author

Briese, T., Renwick, N., Venter, M., Jarman, R., Ghosh, D., Kondgen, S., Shrestha, S, Mette Hoegh, A., Casas, I., Adjogoua, E., Akoua-Koffi, C., Saw Myint, K., Williams, David, Chidlow, G., van der Berg, R., Calvo, C., Koch, O., Palacios, G., Kapoor, V., Villari, J., Dominguez, S., Holmes, K., Harnett, G., Smith, D., Mackenzie, John, Ellerbrok, H., Schweiger, B., Schonning, K., Chadha, M., Leendertz, F., Mishra, A., Gibbons, R., Holmes, E., Lipkin, W., Briese, T., Renwick, N., Venter, M., Jarman, R., Ghosh, D., Kondgen, S., Shrestha, S, Mette Hoegh, A., Casas, I., Adjogoua, E., Akoua-Koffi, C., Saw Myint, K., Williams, David, Chidlow, G., van der Berg, R., Calvo, C., Koch, O., Palacios, G., Kapoor, V., Villari, J., Dominguez, S., Holmes, K., Harnett, G., Smith, D., Mackenzie, John, Ellerbrok, H., Schweiger, B., Schonning, K., Chadha, M., Leendertz, F., Mishra, A., Gibbons, R., Holmes, E., and Lipkin, W.

Published
2008

15. Measurement of the mass splittings between the [Formula Presented] states

Author

Edwards, K.W. (K. W.), Bellerive, A. (Alain), Janicek, R. (R.), MacFarlane, D.B. (D. B.), Patel, P.M. (P. M.), Sadoff, A.J. (A. J.), Ammar, R. (R.), Baringer, P. (P.), Bean, A. (A.), Besson, D. (D.), Coppage, D. (D.), Darling, C. (C.), Davis, R. (R.), Kotov, S. (S.), Kravchenko, I. (I.), Kwak, N. (N.), Zhou, L. (L.), Anderson, S. (S.), Kubota, Y. (Y.), Lee, S.J. (S. J.), O’Neill, J.J. (J. J.), Poling, R. (R.), Riehle, T. (T.), Smith, A. (A.), Alam, M.S. (M. S.), Athar, S.B. (S. B.), Ling, Z. (Z.), Mahmood, A.H. (A. H.), Timm, S. (S.), Wappler, F. (F.), Anastassov, A. (A.), Duboscq, J.E. (J. E.), Fujino, D. (D.), Gan, K.K. (K. K.), Hart, T. (T.), Honscheid, K. (K.), Kagan, H. (H.), Kass, R. (R.), Lee, J. (J.), Schwarthoff, H. (H.), Spencer, M.B. (M. B.), Sung, M. (M.), Undrus, A. (A.), Wolf, A. (A.), Zoeller, M.M. (M. M.), Richichi, S.J. (S. J.), Severini, H. (H.), Skubic, P. (P.), Bishai, M. (M.), Fast, J. (J.), Hinson, J.W. (J. W.), Menon, N. (N.), Miller, D.H. (D. H.), Shibata, E.I. (E. I.), Shipsey, I.P.J. (I. P.J.), Yurko, M. (M.), Glenn, S. (S.), Kwon, Y. (Y.), Lyon, A.L. (A. L.), Roberts, S. (S.), Thorndike, E.H. (E. H.), Jessop, C.P. (C. P.), Lingel, K. (K.), Marsiske, H. (H.), Perl, M.L. (M. L.), Savinov, V. (V.), Ugolini, D. (D.), Zhou, X. (X.), Coan, T.E. (T. E.), Fadeyev, V. (V.), Korolkov, I. (I.), Maravin, Y. (Y.), Narsky, I. (I.), Shelkov, V. (V.), Staeck, J. (J.), Stroynowski, R. (R.), Volobouev, I. (I.), Ye, J. (J.), Artuso, M. (M.), Azfar, F. (F.), Efimov, A. (A.), Goldberg, M. (M.), He, D. (D.), Kopp, S. (S.), Moneti, G.C. (G. C.), Mountain, R. (R.), Schuh, S. (S.), Skwarnicki, T. (T.), Stone, S. (S.), Viehhauser, G. (G.), Wang, J.C. (J. C.), Xing, X. (X.), Bartelt, J. (J.), Csorna, S.E. (S. E.), Jain, V. (V.), McLean, K.W. (K. W.), Marka, S. (S.), Godang, R. (R.), Kinoshita, K. (K.), Lai, I.C. (I. C.), Pomianowski, P. (P.), Schrenk, S. (S.), Bonvicini, G. (G.), Cinabro, D. (D.), Greene, R. (R.), Perera, L.P. (L. P.), Zhou, G.J. (G. J.), Chadha, M. (M.), Chan, S. (S.), Eigen, G. (G.), Miller, J.S. (J. S.), Schmidtler, M. (M.), Urheim, J. (J.), Weinstein, A.J. (A. J.), Würthwein, F. (F.), Bliss, D.W. (D. W.), Jaffe, D.E. (D. E.), Masek, G. (G.), Paar, H.P. (H. P.), Prell, S. (S.), Sharma, V. (V.), Asner, D.M. (D. M.), Gronberg, J. (J.), Hill, T.S. (T. S.), Lange, D.J. (D. J.), Morrison, R.J. (R. J.), Nelson, H.N. (H. N.), Nelson, T.K. (T. K.), Roberts, D. (D.), Behrens, B.H. (B. H.), Ford, W.T. (W. T.), Gritsan, A. (A.), Roy, J. (J.), Smith, J.G. (J. G.), Alexander, J.P. (J. P.), Baker, R. (R.), Bebek, C. (C.), Berger, B.E. (B. E.), Berkelman, K. (K.), Bloom, K. (K.), Boisvert, V. (V.), Cassel, D.G. (D. G.), Crowcroft, D.S. (D. S.), Dickson, M. (M.), von Dombrowski, S. (S.), Drell, P.S. (P. S.), Ecklund, K.M. (K. M.), Ehrlich, R. (R.), Foland, A.D. (A. D.), Gaidarev, P. (P.), Galik, R.S. (R. S.), Gibbons, L. (L.), Gittelman, B. (B.), Gray, S.W. (S. W.), Hartill, D.L. (D. L.), Heltsley, B.K. (B. K.), Hopman, P.I. (P. I.), Kandaswamy, J. (J.), Kreinick, D.L. (D. L.), Lee, T. (T.), Liu, Y. (Y.), Mistry, N.B. (N. B.), Ng, C.R. (C. R.), Nordberg, E. (E.), Ogg, M. (M.), Patterson, J.R. (J. R.), Peterson, D. (D.), Riley, D. (D.), Soffer, A. (A.), Valant-Spaight, B. (B.), Ward, C. (C.), Athanas, M. (M.), Avery, P. (P.), Jones, C.D. (C. D.), Lohner, M. (M.), Patton, S. (S.), Prescott, C. (C.), Yelton, J. (J.), Zheng, J. (J.), Brandenburg, G. (G.), Briere, R.A. (R. A.), Ershov, A. (A.), Gao, Y.S. (Y. S.), Kim, D. (D. Y.-J.), Wilson, R. (R.), Yamamoto, H. (H.), Browder, T.E. (T. E.), Li, Y. (Y.), Rodriguez, J.L. (J. L.), Bergfeld, T. (T.), Eisenstein, B.I. (B. I.), Ernst, J. (J.), Gladding, G.E. (G. E.), Gollin, G.D. (G. D.), Hans, R.M. (R. M.), Johnson, E. (E.), Karliner, I. (I.), Marsh, M.A. (M. A.), Palmer, M. (M.), Selen, M. (M.), Thaler, J.J. (J. J.), Edwards, K.W. (K. W.), Bellerive, A. (Alain), Janicek, R. (R.), MacFarlane, D.B. (D. B.), Patel, P.M. (P. M.), Sadoff, A.J. (A. J.), Ammar, R. (R.), Baringer, P. (P.), Bean, A. (A.), Besson, D. (D.), Coppage, D. (D.), Darling, C. (C.), Davis, R. (R.), Kotov, S. (S.), Kravchenko, I. (I.), Kwak, N. (N.), Zhou, L. (L.), Anderson, S. (S.), Kubota, Y. (Y.), Lee, S.J. (S. J.), O’Neill, J.J. (J. J.), Poling, R. (R.), Riehle, T. (T.), Smith, A. (A.), Alam, M.S. (M. S.), Athar, S.B. (S. B.), Ling, Z. (Z.), Mahmood, A.H. (A. H.), Timm, S. (S.), Wappler, F. (F.), Anastassov, A. (A.), Duboscq, J.E. (J. E.), Fujino, D. (D.), Gan, K.K. (K. K.), Hart, T. (T.), Honscheid, K. (K.), Kagan, H. (H.), Kass, R. (R.), Lee, J. (J.), Schwarthoff, H. (H.), Spencer, M.B. (M. B.), Sung, M. (M.), Undrus, A. (A.), Wolf, A. (A.), Zoeller, M.M. (M. M.), Richichi, S.J. (S. J.), Severini, H. (H.), Skubic, P. (P.), Bishai, M. (M.), Fast, J. (J.), Hinson, J.W. (J. W.), Menon, N. (N.), Miller, D.H. (D. H.), Shibata, E.I. (E. I.), Shipsey, I.P.J. (I. P.J.), Yurko, M. (M.), Glenn, S. (S.), Kwon, Y. (Y.), Lyon, A.L. (A. L.), Roberts, S. (S.), Thorndike, E.H. (E. H.), Jessop, C.P. (C. P.), Lingel, K. (K.), Marsiske, H. (H.), Perl, M.L. (M. L.), Savinov, V. (V.), Ugolini, D. (D.), Zhou, X. (X.), Coan, T.E. (T. E.), Fadeyev, V. (V.), Korolkov, I. (I.), Maravin, Y. (Y.), Narsky, I. (I.), Shelkov, V. (V.), Staeck, J. (J.), Stroynowski, R. (R.), Volobouev, I. (I.), Ye, J. (J.), Artuso, M. (M.), Azfar, F. (F.), Efimov, A. (A.), Goldberg, M. (M.), He, D. (D.), Kopp, S. (S.), Moneti, G.C. (G. C.), Mountain, R. (R.), Schuh, S. (S.), Skwarnicki, T. (T.), Stone, S. (S.), Viehhauser, G. (G.), Wang, J.C. (J. C.), Xing, X. (X.), Bartelt, J. (J.), Csorna, S.E. (S. E.), Jain, V. (V.), McLean, K.W. (K. W.), Marka, S. (S.), Godang, R. (R.), Kinoshita, K. (K.), Lai, I.C. (I. C.), Pomianowski, P. (P.), Schrenk, S. (S.), Bonvicini, G. (G.), Cinabro, D. (D.), Greene, R. (R.), Perera, L.P. (L. P.), Zhou, G.J. (G. J.), Chadha, M. (M.), Chan, S. (S.), Eigen, G. (G.), Miller, J.S. (J. S.), Schmidtler, M. (M.), Urheim, J. (J.), Weinstein, A.J. (A. J.), Würthwein, F. (F.), Bliss, D.W. (D. W.), Jaffe, D.E. (D. E.), Masek, G. (G.), Paar, H.P. (H. P.), Prell, S. (S.), Sharma, V. (V.), Asner, D.M. (D. M.), Gronberg, J. (J.), Hill, T.S. (T. S.), Lange, D.J. (D. J.), Morrison, R.J. (R. J.), Nelson, H.N. (H. N.), Nelson, T.K. (T. K.), Roberts, D. (D.), Behrens, B.H. (B. H.), Ford, W.T. (W. T.), Gritsan, A. (A.), Roy, J. (J.), Smith, J.G. (J. G.), Alexander, J.P. (J. P.), Baker, R. (R.), Bebek, C. (C.), Berger, B.E. (B. E.), Berkelman, K. (K.), Bloom, K. (K.), Boisvert, V. (V.), Cassel, D.G. (D. G.), Crowcroft, D.S. (D. S.), Dickson, M. (M.), von Dombrowski, S. (S.), Drell, P.S. (P. S.), Ecklund, K.M. (K. M.), Ehrlich, R. (R.), Foland, A.D. (A. D.), Gaidarev, P. (P.), Galik, R.S. (R. S.), Gibbons, L. (L.), Gittelman, B. (B.), Gray, S.W. (S. W.), Hartill, D.L. (D. L.), Heltsley, B.K. (B. K.), Hopman, P.I. (P. I.), Kandaswamy, J. (J.), Kreinick, D.L. (D. L.), Lee, T. (T.), Liu, Y. (Y.), Mistry, N.B. (N. B.), Ng, C.R. (C. R.), Nordberg, E. (E.), Ogg, M. (M.), Patterson, J.R. (J. R.), Peterson, D. (D.), Riley, D. (D.), Soffer, A. (A.), Valant-Spaight, B. (B.), Ward, C. (C.), Athanas, M. (M.), Avery, P. (P.), Jones, C.D. (C. D.), Lohner, M. (M.), Patton, S. (S.), Prescott, C. (C.), Yelton, J. (J.), Zheng, J. (J.), Brandenburg, G. (G.), Briere, R.A. (R. A.), Ershov, A. (A.), Gao, Y.S. (Y. S.), Kim, D. (D. Y.-J.), Wilson, R. (R.), Yamamoto, H. (H.), Browder, T.E. (T. E.), Li, Y. (Y.), Rodriguez, J.L. (J. L.), Bergfeld, T. (T.), Eisenstein, B.I. (B. I.), Ernst, J. (J.), Gladding, G.E. (G. E.), Gollin, G.D. (G. D.), Hans, R.M. (R. M.), Johnson, E. (E.), Karliner, I. (I.), Marsh, M.A. (M. A.), Palmer, M. (M.), Selen, M. (M.), and Thaler, J.J. (J. J.)

Abstract

We present new measurements of photon energies and branching fractions for the radiative transitions [Formula Presented] The masses of the [Formula Presented] states are determined from the measured radiative photon energies. The ratio of mass splittings between the [Formula Presented] substates, [Formula Presented] with [Formula Presented] the [Formula Presented] mass, provides information on the nature of the [Formula Presented] confining potential. We find [Formula Presented] This value is somewhat lower than the previous world average, but more consistent with the theoretical expectation that [Formula Presented] i.e., that this mass splitting ratio is smaller for the [Formula Presented] states than for the [Formula Presented] states.

Published
1999
Full Text
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16. Radiative decay modes of the [Formula Presented] meson

Author

Asner, D.M. (D. M.), Gronberg, J. (J.), Hill, T.S. (T. S.), Lange, D.J. (D. J.), Morrison, R.J. (R. J.), Nelson, H.N. (H. N.), Nelson, T.K. (T. K.), Roberts, D. (D.), Ryd, A. (A.), Balest, R. (R.), Behrens, B.H. (B. H.), Ford, W.T. (W. T.), Gritsan, A. (A.), Park, H. (H.), Roy, J. (J.), Smith, J.G. (J. G.), Alexander, J.P. (J. P.), Baker, R. (R.), Bebek, C. (C.), Berger, B.E. (B. E.), Berkelman, K. (K.), Bloom, K. (K.), Boisvert, V. (V.), Cassel, D.G. (D. G.), Crowcroft, D.S. (D. S.), Dickson, M. (M.), von Dombrowski, S. (S.), Drell, P.S. (P. S.), Ecklund, K.M. (K. M.), Ehrlich, R. (R.), Foland, A.D. (A. D.), Gaidarev, P. (P.), Gibbons, L. (L.), Gittelman, B. (B.), Gray, S.W. (S. W.), Hartill, D.L. (D. L.), Heltsley, B.K. (B. K.), Hopman, P.I. (P. I.), Kandaswamy, J. (J.), Kim, P.C. (P. C.), Kreinick, D.L. (D. L.), Lee, T. (T.), Liu, Y. (Y.), Mistry, N.B. (N. B.), Ng, C.R. (C. R.), Nordberg, E. (E.), Ogg, M. (M.), Patterson, J.R. (J. R.), Peterson, D. (D.), Riley, D. (D.), Soffer, A. (A.), Valant-Spaight, B. (B.), Ward, C. (C.), Athanas, M. (M.), Avery, P. (P.), Jones, C.D. (C. D.), Lohner, M. (M.), Patton, S. (S.), Prescott, C. (C.), Yelton, J. (J.), Zheng, J. (J.), Brandenburg, G. (G.), Briere, R.A. (R. A.), Ershov, A. (A.), Gao, Y.S. (Y. S.), Kim, D.Y.-J. (D. Y.J.), Wilson, R. (R.), Yamamoto, H. (H.), Browder, T.E. (T. E.), Li, Y. (Y.), Rodriguez, J.L. (J. L.), Bergfeld, T. (T.), Eisenstein, B.I. (B. I.), Ernst, J. (J.), Gladding, G.E. (G. E.), Gollin, G.D. (G. D.), Hans, R.M. (R. M.), Johnson, E. (E.), Karliner, I. (I.), Marsh, M.A. (M. A.), Palmer, M. (M.), Selen, M. (M.), Thaler, J.J. (J. J.), Edwards, K.W. (Kenneth W.), Bellerive, A. (Alain), Janicek, R. (R.), MacFarlane, D.B. (D. B.), Patel, P.M. (P. M.), Sadoff, A.J. (A. J.), Ammar, R. (R.), Baringer, P. (P.), Bean, A. (A.), Besson, D. (D.), Coppage, D. (D.), Darling, C. (C.), Davis, R. (R.), Kotov, S. (S.), Kravchenko, I. (I.), Kwak, N. (N.), Zhou, L. (L.), Anderson, S. (S.), Kubota, Y. (Y.), Lee, S.J. (S. J.), O’Neill, J.J. (J. J.), Poling, R. (R.), Riehle, T. (T.), Smith, A. (A.), Alam, M.S. (M. S.), Athar, S.B. (S. B.), Ling, Z. (Z.), Mahmood, A.H. (A. H.), Timm, S. (S.), Wappler, F. (F.), Anastassov, A. (A.), Duboscq, J.E. (J. E.), Fujino, D. (D.), Gan, K.K. (K. K.), Hart, T. (T.), Honscheid, K. (K.), Kagan, H. (H.), Kass, R. (R.), Lee, J. (J.), Spencer, M.B. (M. B.), Sung, M. (M.), Undrus, A. (A.), Wolf, A. (A.), Zoeller, M.M. (M. M.), Nemati, B. (B.), Richichi, S.J. (S. J.), Ross, W.R. (W. R.), Severini, H. (H.), Skubic, P. (P.), Bishai, M. (M.), Fast, J. (J.), Hinson, J.W. (J. W.), Menon, N. (N.), Miller, D.H. (D. H.), Shibata, E.I. (E. I.), Shipsey, I.P.J. (I. P.J.), Yurko, M. (M.), Glenn, S. (S.), Johnson, S.D. (S. D.), Kwon, Y. (Y.), Roberts, S. (S.), Thorndike, E.H. (E. H.), Jessop, C.P. (C. P.), Lingel, K. (K.), Marsiske, H. (H.), Perl, M.L. (M. L.), Savinov, V. (V.), Ugolini, D. (D.), Wang, R. (R.), Zhou, X. (X.), Coan, T.E. (T. E.), Fadeyev, V. (V.), Korolkov, I. 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J.), Morrison, R.J. (R. J.), Nelson, H.N. (H. N.), Nelson, T.K. (T. K.), Roberts, D. (D.), Ryd, A. (A.), Balest, R. (R.), Behrens, B.H. (B. H.), Ford, W.T. (W. T.), Gritsan, A. (A.), Park, H. (H.), Roy, J. (J.), Smith, J.G. (J. G.), Alexander, J.P. (J. P.), Baker, R. (R.), Bebek, C. (C.), Berger, B.E. (B. E.), Berkelman, K. (K.), Bloom, K. (K.), Boisvert, V. (V.), Cassel, D.G. (D. G.), Crowcroft, D.S. (D. S.), Dickson, M. (M.), von Dombrowski, S. (S.), Drell, P.S. (P. S.), Ecklund, K.M. (K. M.), Ehrlich, R. (R.), Foland, A.D. (A. D.), Gaidarev, P. (P.), Gibbons, L. (L.), Gittelman, B. (B.), Gray, S.W. (S. W.), Hartill, D.L. (D. L.), Heltsley, B.K. (B. K.), Hopman, P.I. (P. I.), Kandaswamy, J. (J.), Kim, P.C. (P. C.), Kreinick, D.L. (D. L.), Lee, T. (T.), Liu, Y. (Y.), Mistry, N.B. (N. B.), Ng, C.R. (C. R.), Nordberg, E. (E.), Ogg, M. (M.), Patterson, J.R. (J. R.), Peterson, D. (D.), Riley, D. (D.), Soffer, A. (A.), Valant-Spaight, B. (B.), Ward, C. (C.), Athanas, M. (M.), Avery, P. 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(A.), Alam, M.S. (M. S.), Athar, S.B. (S. B.), Ling, Z. (Z.), Mahmood, A.H. (A. H.), Timm, S. (S.), Wappler, F. (F.), Anastassov, A. (A.), Duboscq, J.E. (J. E.), Fujino, D. (D.), Gan, K.K. (K. K.), Hart, T. (T.), Honscheid, K. (K.), Kagan, H. (H.), Kass, R. (R.), Lee, J. (J.), Spencer, M.B. (M. B.), Sung, M. (M.), Undrus, A. (A.), Wolf, A. (A.), Zoeller, M.M. (M. M.), Nemati, B. (B.), Richichi, S.J. (S. J.), Ross, W.R. (W. R.), Severini, H. (H.), Skubic, P. (P.), Bishai, M. (M.), Fast, J. (J.), Hinson, J.W. (J. W.), Menon, N. (N.), Miller, D.H. (D. H.), Shibata, E.I. (E. I.), Shipsey, I.P.J. (I. P.J.), Yurko, M. (M.), Glenn, S. (S.), Johnson, S.D. (S. D.), Kwon, Y. (Y.), Roberts, S. (S.), Thorndike, E.H. (E. H.), Jessop, C.P. (C. P.), Lingel, K. (K.), Marsiske, H. (H.), Perl, M.L. (M. L.), Savinov, V. (V.), Ugolini, D. (D.), Wang, R. (R.), Zhou, X. (X.), Coan, T.E. (T. E.), Fadeyev, V. (V.), Korolkov, I. (I.), Maravin, Y. (Y.), Narsky, I. (I.), Shelkov, V. (V.), Staeck, J. (J.), Stroynowski, R. (R.), Volobouev, I. (I.), Ye, J. (J.), Artuso, M. (M.), Azfar, F. (F.), Efimov, A. (A.), Goldberg, M. (M.), He, D. (D.), Kopp, S. (S.), Moneti, G.C. (G. C.), Mountain, R. (R.), Schuh, S. (S.), Skwarnicki, T. (T.), Stone, S. (S.), Viehhauser, G. (G.), Xing, X. (X.), Bartelt, J. (J.), Csorna, S.E. (S. E.), Jain, V. (V.), McLean, K.W. (K. W.), Marka, S. (S.), Godang, R. (R.), Kinoshita, K. (K.), Lai, I.C. (I. C.), Pomianowski, P. (P.), Schrenk, S. (S.), Bonvicini, G. (G.), Cinabro, D. (D.), Greene, R. (R.), Perera, L.P. (L. P.), Zhou, G.J. (G. J.), Chadha, M. (M.), Chan, S. (S.), Eigen, G. (G.), Miller, J.S. (J. S.), O’Grady, C. (C.), Schmidtler, M. (M.), Urheim, J. (J.), Weinstein, A.J. (A. J.), Würthwein, F. (F.), Bliss, D.W. (D. W.), Masek, G. (G.), Paar, H.P. (H. P.), Prell, S. (S.), and Sharma, V. (V.)

Abstract

In this paper we describe a search for four radiative decay modes of the [Formula Presented] meson: [Formula Presented] [Formula Presented] [Formula Presented] and [Formula Presented] We obtain 90% C.L. upper limits on the branching ratios of these modes of [Formula Presented] [Formula Presented] [Formula Presented] and [Formula Presented] respectively.

Published
1998
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17. Study of gluon versus quark fragmentation in [Formula presented] and [Formula presented] events at [Formula presented]=10 GeV

Author

Alam, MS, Alam, MS, Athar, SB, Ling, Z, Mahmood, AH, Severini, H, Timm, S, Wappler, F, Anastassov, A, Blinov, S, Duboscq, JE, Fujino, D, Fulton, R, Gan, KK, Hart, T, Honscheid, K, Kagan, H, Kass, R, Lee, J, Spencer, MB, Sung, M, Undrus, A, Wanke, R, Wolf, A, Zoeller, MM, Nemati, B, Richichi, SJ, Ross, WR, Skubic, P, Wood, M, Bishai, M, Fast, J, Gerndt, E, Hinson, JW, Menon, N, Miller, DH, Shibata, EI, Shipsey, IPJ, Yurko, M, Gibbons, L, Johnson, SD, Kwon, Y, Roberts, S, Thorndike, EH, Jessop, CP, Lingel, K, Marsiske, H, Perl, ML, Schaffner, SF, Ugolini, D, Wang, R, Zhou, X, Coan, TE, Fadeyev, V, Korolkov, I, Maravin, Y, Narsky, I, Shelkov, V, Staeck, J, Stroynowski, R, Volobouev, I, Ye, J, Artuso, M, Efimov, A, Frasconi, F, Gao, M, Goldberg, M, He, D, Kopp, S, Moneti, GC, Mountain, R, Mukhin, Y, Schuh, S, Skwarnicki, T, Stone, S, Viehhauser, G, Xing, X, Bartelt, J, Csorna, SE, Jain, V, Marka, S, Freyberger, A, Gibaut, D, Godang, R, Kinoshita, K, Lai, IC, Pomianowski, P, Schrenk, S, Bonvicini, G, Cinabro, D, Greene, R, Perera, LP, Barish, B, Chadha, M, Chan, S, Eigen, G, Miller, JS, Grady, CO, Schmidtler, M, Urheim, J, Weinstein, AJ, Alam, MS, Alam, MS, Athar, SB, Ling, Z, Mahmood, AH, Severini, H, Timm, S, Wappler, F, Anastassov, A, Blinov, S, Duboscq, JE, Fujino, D, Fulton, R, Gan, KK, Hart, T, Honscheid, K, Kagan, H, Kass, R, Lee, J, Spencer, MB, Sung, M, Undrus, A, Wanke, R, Wolf, A, Zoeller, MM, Nemati, B, Richichi, SJ, Ross, WR, Skubic, P, Wood, M, Bishai, M, Fast, J, Gerndt, E, Hinson, JW, Menon, N, Miller, DH, Shibata, EI, Shipsey, IPJ, Yurko, M, Gibbons, L, Johnson, SD, Kwon, Y, Roberts, S, Thorndike, EH, Jessop, CP, Lingel, K, Marsiske, H, Perl, ML, Schaffner, SF, Ugolini, D, Wang, R, Zhou, X, Coan, TE, Fadeyev, V, Korolkov, I, Maravin, Y, Narsky, I, Shelkov, V, Staeck, J, Stroynowski, R, Volobouev, I, Ye, J, Artuso, M, Efimov, A, Frasconi, F, Gao, M, Goldberg, M, He, D, Kopp, S, Moneti, GC, Mountain, R, Mukhin, Y, Schuh, S, Skwarnicki, T, Stone, S, Viehhauser, G, Xing, X, Bartelt, J, Csorna, SE, Jain, V, Marka, S, Freyberger, A, Gibaut, D, Godang, R, Kinoshita, K, Lai, IC, Pomianowski, P, Schrenk, S, Bonvicini, G, Cinabro, D, Greene, R, Perera, LP, Barish, B, Chadha, M, Chan, S, Eigen, G, Miller, JS, Grady, CO, Schmidtler, M, Urheim, J, and Weinstein, AJ

Abstract

Using data collected with the CLEO II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we determine the ratio [Formula presented] for the mean charged multiplicity observed in [Formula presented] events, [Formula presented], to the mean charged multiplicity observed in [Formula presented] events, [Formula presented]. We find [Formula presented] [Formula presented] for jet-jet masses less than 7 GeV. © 1997 The American Physical Society.

Published
1997

18. Study of gluon versus quark fragmentation in [Formula presented] and [Formula presented] events at [Formula presented]=10 GeV

Author

Alam, MS, Alam, MS, Athar, SB, Ling, Z, Mahmood, AH, Severini, H, Timm, S, Wappler, F, Anastassov, A, Blinov, S, Duboscq, JE, Fujino, D, Fulton, R, Gan, KK, Hart, T, Honscheid, K, Kagan, H, Kass, R, Lee, J, Spencer, MB, Sung, M, Undrus, A, Wanke, R, Wolf, A, Zoeller, MM, Nemati, B, Richichi, SJ, Ross, WR, Skubic, P, Wood, M, Bishai, M, Fast, J, Gerndt, E, Hinson, JW, Menon, N, Miller, DH, Shibata, EI, Shipsey, IPJ, Yurko, M, Gibbons, L, Johnson, SD, Kwon, Y, Roberts, S, Thorndike, EH, Jessop, CP, Lingel, K, Marsiske, H, Perl, ML, Schaffner, SF, Ugolini, D, Wang, R, Zhou, X, Coan, TE, Fadeyev, V, Korolkov, I, Maravin, Y, Narsky, I, Shelkov, V, Staeck, J, Stroynowski, R, Volobouev, I, Ye, J, Artuso, M, Efimov, A, Frasconi, F, Gao, M, Goldberg, M, He, D, Kopp, S, Moneti, GC, Mountain, R, Mukhin, Y, Schuh, S, Skwarnicki, T, Stone, S, Viehhauser, G, Xing, X, Bartelt, J, Csorna, SE, Jain, V, Marka, S, Freyberger, A, Gibaut, D, Godang, R, Kinoshita, K, Lai, IC, Pomianowski, P, Schrenk, S, Bonvicini, G, Cinabro, D, Greene, R, Perera, LP, Barish, B, Chadha, M, Chan, S, Eigen, G, Miller, JS, Grady, CO, Schmidtler, M, Urheim, J, Weinstein, AJ, Alam, MS, Alam, MS, Athar, SB, Ling, Z, Mahmood, AH, Severini, H, Timm, S, Wappler, F, Anastassov, A, Blinov, S, Duboscq, JE, Fujino, D, Fulton, R, Gan, KK, Hart, T, Honscheid, K, Kagan, H, Kass, R, Lee, J, Spencer, MB, Sung, M, Undrus, A, Wanke, R, Wolf, A, Zoeller, MM, Nemati, B, Richichi, SJ, Ross, WR, Skubic, P, Wood, M, Bishai, M, Fast, J, Gerndt, E, Hinson, JW, Menon, N, Miller, DH, Shibata, EI, Shipsey, IPJ, Yurko, M, Gibbons, L, Johnson, SD, Kwon, Y, Roberts, S, Thorndike, EH, Jessop, CP, Lingel, K, Marsiske, H, Perl, ML, Schaffner, SF, Ugolini, D, Wang, R, Zhou, X, Coan, TE, Fadeyev, V, Korolkov, I, Maravin, Y, Narsky, I, Shelkov, V, Staeck, J, Stroynowski, R, Volobouev, I, Ye, J, Artuso, M, Efimov, A, Frasconi, F, Gao, M, Goldberg, M, He, D, Kopp, S, Moneti, GC, Mountain, R, Mukhin, Y, Schuh, S, Skwarnicki, T, Stone, S, Viehhauser, G, Xing, X, Bartelt, J, Csorna, SE, Jain, V, Marka, S, Freyberger, A, Gibaut, D, Godang, R, Kinoshita, K, Lai, IC, Pomianowski, P, Schrenk, S, Bonvicini, G, Cinabro, D, Greene, R, Perera, LP, Barish, B, Chadha, M, Chan, S, Eigen, G, Miller, JS, Grady, CO, Schmidtler, M, Urheim, J, and Weinstein, AJ

Abstract

Using data collected with the CLEO II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we determine the ratio [Formula presented] for the mean charged multiplicity observed in [Formula presented] events, [Formula presented], to the mean charged multiplicity observed in [Formula presented] events, [Formula presented]. We find [Formula presented] [Formula presented] for jet-jet masses less than 7 GeV. © 1997 The American Physical Society.

Published
1997

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