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The industrial wastewater from silver processing at Hupari is not provided with any treatment system for removal of heavy metals. Same wastewater is discharged to the sewage system and any sewage system has not any provision of removal of heavy metal.The issue of heavy metal pollution is very much concerned because of their toxicity for plant, animal and human beings and their lack of biodegradability. Excess concentrations of heavy metals have adverse effects on plant metabolic activities hence affect the food production, quantitatively and qualitatively. Heavy metal when reaches human tissues through various absorption pathways such as direct ingestion, dermal contact, diet through the soil–food chain, inhalation and oral intake may seriously affect their health..The greatest damage to the environment is made by metal compounds that are washed out in wastewater from the electroplating industry

The industrial wastewater from silver processing at Hupari is not provided with any treatment system for removal of heavy metals. Same wastewater is discharged to the sewage system and any sewage system has not any provision of removal of heavy metal.The issue of heavy metal pollution is very much concerned because of their toxicity for plant, animal and human beings and their lack of biodegradability. Excess concentrations of heavy metals have adverse effects on plant metabolic activities hence affect the food production, quantitatively and qualitatively. Heavy metal when reaches human tissues through various absorption pathways such as direct ingestion, dermal contact, diet through the soil–food chain, inhalation and oral intake may seriously affect their health..The greatest damage to the environment is made by metal compounds that are washed out in wastewater from the electroplating industry

The industrial wastewater from silver processing at Hupari is not provided with any treatment system for removal of heavy metals. Same wastewater is discharged to the sewage system and any sewage system has not any provision of removal of heavy metal.The issue of heavy metal pollution is very much concerned because of their toxicity for plant, animal and human beings and their lack of biodegradability. Excess concentrations of heavy metals have adverse effects on plant metabolic activities hence affect the food production, quantitatively and qualitatively. Heavy metal when reaches human tissues through various absorption pathways such as direct ingestion, dermal contact, diet through the soil–food chain, inhalation and oral intake may seriously affect their health..The greatest damage to the environment is made by metal compounds that are washed out in wastewater from the electroplating industry

The industrial wastewater from silver processing at Hupari is not provided with any treatment system for removal of heavy metals. Same wastewater is discharged to the sewage system and any sewage system has not any provision of removal of heavy metal.The issue of heavy metal pollution is very much concerned because of their toxicity for plant, animal and human beings and their lack of biodegradability. Excess concentrations of heavy metals have adverse effects on plant metabolic activities hence affect the food production, quantitatively and qualitatively. Heavy metal when reaches human tissues through various absorption pathways such as direct ingestion, dermal contact, diet through the soil–food chain, inhalation and oral intake may seriously affect their health..The greatest damage to the environment is made by metal compounds that are washed out in wastewater from the electroplating industry

The industrial wastewater from silver processing at Hupari is not provided with any treatment system for removal of heavy metals. Same wastewater is discharged to the sewage system and any sewage system has not any provision of removal of heavy metal.The issue of heavy metal pollution is very much concerned because of their toxicity for plant, animal and human beings and their lack of biodegradability. Excess concentrations of heavy metals have adverse effects on plant metabolic activities hence affect the food production, quantitatively and qualitatively. Heavy metal when reaches human tissues through various absorption pathways such as direct ingestion, dermal contact, diet through the soil–food chain, inhalation and oral intake may seriously affect their health..The greatest damage to the environment is made by metal compounds that are washed out in wastewater from the electroplating industry

The industrial wastewater from silver processing at Hupari is not provided with any treatment system for removal of heavy metals. Same wastewater is discharged to the sewage system and any sewage system has not any provision of removal of heavy metal.The issue of heavy metal pollution is very much concerned because of their toxicity for plant, animal and human beings and their lack of biodegradability. Excess concentrations of heavy metals have adverse effects on plant metabolic activities hence affect the food production, quantitatively and qualitatively. Heavy metal when reaches human tissues through various absorption pathways such as direct ingestion, dermal contact, diet through the soil–food chain, inhalation and oral intake may seriously affect their health..The greatest damage to the environment is made by metal compounds that are washed out in wastewater from the electroplating industry

A mechanically strong binder with polar functional groups could overcome the dilemma of the large volume change during charge/discharge processes and poor cyclability of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). In this work, for the first time, we report the use of poly(thiourea triethylene glycol) (PTTG) as a multifunctional binder for sulfur cathodes to enhance the performance of LSBs. As expected, the PTTG binder facilitates the high performance and stability delivered by the Sulfur-PTTG cathode, including a higher reversible capacity of 825 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C after 80 cycles, a lower capacity fading (0.123% per cycle) over 350 cycles at 0.5 C, a higher areal capacity of 2.5 mAh cm−2 at 0.25 mA cm−2, and better rate capability of 587 mAh g−1 at 2 C. Such superior electrochemical performances could be attributed to PTTG's strong chemical adsorption towards polysulfides which may avoid the lithium polysulfide shuttle effect and excellent mechanical characteristics which prevents electrode collapse during cycling and allows the Sulfur-PTTG electrode to maintain robust electron and ion migration pathways for accelerated redox reaction kinetics.

The industrial wastewater from silver processing at Hupari is not provided with any treatment system for removal of heavy metals. Same wastewater is discharged to the sewage system and any sewage system has not any provision of removal of heavy metal.The issue of heavy metal pollution is very much concerned because of their toxicity for plant, animal and human beings and their lack of biodegradability. Excess concentrations of heavy metals have adverse effects on plant metabolic activities hence affect the food production, quantitatively and qualitatively. Heavy metal when reaches human tissues through various absorption pathways such as direct ingestion, dermal contact, diet through the soil–food chain, inhalation and oral intake may seriously affect their health..The greatest damage to the environment is made by metal compounds that are washed out in wastewater from the electroplating industry

Rechargeable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, which originate from the merits of extraordinary theoretical specific energy density, abundant resources, and eco-friendly character, have received ever-growing attention. However, their practical applications are seriously hampered because of the poor conductive property of the sulfur and the discharging products, severe dissolution and migration of lithium polysulfide intermediates, and huge volumetric variation of sulfur particles upon cycling. Here, double-shelled Co3O4 and carbon (Co3O4/C) hollow nanocages as sulfur host materials are reported. The double-shelled structures can significantly boost the adsorption of soluble polysulfides and the electrical conductivity of sulfur cathodes. Consequently, the prepared S@Co3O4/C cathodes achieve considerable capacity enhancement and excellent rate capability, combining the durable cycling life at 1 C for 500 cycles, in which the overall capacity fading remains as low as 0.083% per cycle. Upper-plateau (QH) and lower-plateau (QL) capacities, static adsorption of polysulfides, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses unveil the underlying nature of the chemical interactions between polysulfide species and the sulfur host. The present results will favor the design and screening of prospective host materials to boost future Li-S batteries.

Rechargeable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, which originate from the merits of extraordinary theoretical specific energy density, abundant resources, and eco-friendly character, have received ever-growing attention. However, their practical applications are seriously hampered because of the poor conductive property of the sulfur and the discharging products, severe dissolution and migration of lithium polysulfide intermediates, and huge volumetric variation of sulfur particles upon cycling. Here, double-shelled Co3O4 and carbon (Co3O4/C) hollow nanocages as sulfur host materials are reported. The double-shelled structures can significantly boost the adsorption of soluble polysulfides and the electrical conductivity of sulfur cathodes. Consequently, the prepared S@Co3O4/C cathodes achieve considerable capacity enhancement and excellent rate capability, combining the durable cycling life at 1 C for 500 cycles, in which the overall capacity fading remains as low as 0.083% per cycle. Upper-plateau (QH) and lower-plateau (QL) capacities, static adsorption of polysulfides, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses unveil the underlying nature of the chemical interactions between polysulfide species and the sulfur host. The present results will favor the design and screening of prospective host materials to boost future Li-S batteries.

Clearly understanding elementary growth processes that depend on surface reconstruction is essential to controlling vapor-phase epitaxy more precisely. In this study, ammonia chemical adsorption on GaN(0001) reconstructed surfaces under metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) conditions (3Ga-H and Nad-H + Ga-H on a 2 × 2 unit cell) is investigated using steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamics (SEAQT). SEAQT is a thermodynamic-ensemble based, first-principles framework that can predict the behavior of non-equilibrium processes, even those far from equilibrium where the state evolution is a combination of reversible and irreversible dynamics. SEAQT is an ideal choice to handle this problem on a first-principles basis since the chemical adsorption process starts from a highly non-equilibrium state. A result of the analysis shows that the probability of adsorption on 3Ga-H is significantly higher than that on Nad-H + Ga-H. Additionally, the growth temperature dependence of these adsorption probabilities and the temperature increase due to the heat of reaction is determined. The non-equilibrium thermodynamic modeling applied can lead to better control of the MOVPE process through the selection of preferable reconstructed surfaces. The modeling also demonstrates the efficacy of DFT-SEAQT coupling for determining detailed non-equilibrium process characteristics with a much smaller computational burden than would be entailed with mechanics-based, microscopic-mesoscopic approaches.

The general objective of this project was to examine one component of the primary biofilm, protein, which has been hypothesized to be a major component of both dissolved and adsorbed organic pools in seawater. In previous work we found that surface energy was important in determining adsorption of protein to surfaces in seawater and degradation rates by bacteria and bacterial growth. In the last phase of this work, we examined the chemical nature of actual protein in seawater using HPLC techniques which we developed, standard chemical assays, and bioassays. We showed that protein in seawater is not the same chemically as cellular protein. Bacteria appear to treat nearly all seawater protein as if it were glycolated and degrade it at much lower rates than unmodified, fresh protein. Other experiments showed that cellular protein introduced into seawater is quickly modified by abiotic reactions and becomes less easily hydrolyzed by bacterial proteases within hours. The abiotic reactions appear to include adsorption to small colloids. These results begin to explain the growth dynamics of microorganisms on surfaces and the origin of refractory organic matter which is highly abundant in seawater.... Biofouling, Protein adsorption, Biofilm, Attached bacteria.

A suite of spectroscopic, optical, and electrochemical techniques to examine initial stages of biofilm formation were developed and evaluated. Using a combination of ellipsometry, FT-IR reflectance-absorbance spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, we were able to gain quantitative, compositional, and structural information about the substratum-adsorbate interface for the model protein, Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase- Oxygenase. Adsorption isotherms for RuBisCO on titanium, copper, iron, glass, polycarbonate, and teflon were obtained. Spectroscopic evidence suggests that molecular structure and electrical impedance vary with protein surface coverage. Furthermore, bioavailability of sorbed protein and degradation rates appear to vary with coverage resulting from altered structural conformation.