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1. Neanderthal faunal exploitation and settlement dynamics at the Abri du Maras, level 5 (south-eastern France)

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Marín, Juan, Daujeard, Camille, Saladié, Palmira, Rodríguez-Hidalgo, Antonio, Vettese, Delphine, Rivals, Florent, Boulbes, Nicolas, Crégut-Bonnoure, Evelyne, Lateur, Nicolas, Gallotti, Rosalia, Arbez, Louis, Puaud, Simon, Moncel, Marie-Hélène, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Marín, Juan, Daujeard, Camille, Saladié, Palmira, Rodríguez-Hidalgo, Antonio, Vettese, Delphine, Rivals, Florent, Boulbes, Nicolas, Crégut-Bonnoure, Evelyne, Lateur, Nicolas, Gallotti, Rosalia, Arbez, Louis, Puaud, Simon, and Moncel, Marie-Hélène

Abstract

Over the past two decades, taphonomic and zooarchaeological studies have focused on Neanderthal settlement patterns and subsistence strategies. The south-eastern margins of the Massif Central constitute one of the regions with the most abundant archaeological evidence of Neanderthal occupations in France. The faunal record of level 5 of Abri du Maras is a unique source of information for analysing Neanderthal behaviour at the end of the MIS 5. The assemblage is divided into three levels 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3, which correspond to the three main phases of human occupation of the shelter in level 5. Through the taphonomic and zooarchaeological analysis of the faunal remains, we define the characteristics of human occupation developed in the rock shelter. In this paper, we show that Neanderthal groups used the Abri du Maras as a residential campsite for long-term occupation events during a whole season, mainly summer. The intensive exploitation of the faunal resources is typical of a residential campsite, and the selective seasonal hunting strategy of medium and large ungulates, centred on prime adults, indicates different Neanderthal subsistence patterns to the upper levels of the sequence. Here, our results document the chronological changes in occupation patterns in one of the reference sites in south-eastern France and address questions related to cultural choices and environmental constraints.

Published
2020

2. Early cave art and ancient DNA record the origin of European bison.

Author

Soubrier, Julien, Soubrier, Julien, Gower, Graham, Chen, Kefei, Richards, Stephen M, Llamas, Bastien, Mitchell, Kieren J, Ho, Simon YW, Kosintsev, Pavel, Lee, Michael SY, Baryshnikov, Gennady, Bollongino, Ruth, Bover, Pere, Burger, Joachim, Chivall, David, Crégut-Bonnoure, Evelyne, Decker, Jared E, Doronichev, Vladimir B, Douka, Katerina, Fordham, Damien A, Fontana, Federica, Fritz, Carole, Glimmerveen, Jan, Golovanova, Liubov V, Groves, Colin, Guerreschi, Antonio, Haak, Wolfgang, Higham, Tom, Hofman-Kamińska, Emilia, Immel, Alexander, Julien, Marie-Anne, Krause, Johannes, Krotova, Oleksandra, Langbein, Frauke, Larson, Greger, Rohrlach, Adam, Scheu, Amelie, Schnabel, Robert D, Taylor, Jeremy F, Tokarska, Małgorzata, Tosello, Gilles, van der Plicht, Johannes, van Loenen, Ayla, Vigne, Jean-Denis, Wooley, Oliver, Orlando, Ludovic, Kowalczyk, Rafał, Shapiro, Beth, Cooper, Alan, Soubrier, Julien, Soubrier, Julien, Gower, Graham, Chen, Kefei, Richards, Stephen M, Llamas, Bastien, Mitchell, Kieren J, Ho, Simon YW, Kosintsev, Pavel, Lee, Michael SY, Baryshnikov, Gennady, Bollongino, Ruth, Bover, Pere, Burger, Joachim, Chivall, David, Crégut-Bonnoure, Evelyne, Decker, Jared E, Doronichev, Vladimir B, Douka, Katerina, Fordham, Damien A, Fontana, Federica, Fritz, Carole, Glimmerveen, Jan, Golovanova, Liubov V, Groves, Colin, Guerreschi, Antonio, Haak, Wolfgang, Higham, Tom, Hofman-Kamińska, Emilia, Immel, Alexander, Julien, Marie-Anne, Krause, Johannes, Krotova, Oleksandra, Langbein, Frauke, Larson, Greger, Rohrlach, Adam, Scheu, Amelie, Schnabel, Robert D, Taylor, Jeremy F, Tokarska, Małgorzata, Tosello, Gilles, van der Plicht, Johannes, van Loenen, Ayla, Vigne, Jean-Denis, Wooley, Oliver, Orlando, Ludovic, Kowalczyk, Rafał, Shapiro, Beth, and Cooper, Alan

Abstract

The two living species of bison (European and American) are among the few terrestrial megafauna to have survived the late Pleistocene extinctions. Despite the extensive bovid fossil record in Eurasia, the evolutionary history of the European bison (or wisent, Bison bonasus) before the Holocene (<11.7 thousand years ago (kya)) remains a mystery. We use complete ancient mitochondrial genomes and genome-wide nuclear DNA surveys to reveal that the wisent is the product of hybridization between the extinct steppe bison (Bison priscus) and ancestors of modern cattle (aurochs, Bos primigenius) before 120 kya, and contains up to 10% aurochs genomic ancestry. Although undetected within the fossil record, ancestors of the wisent have alternated ecological dominance with steppe bison in association with major environmental shifts since at least 55 kya. Early cave artists recorded distinct morphological forms consistent with these replacement events, around the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼21-18 kya).

Published
2016

3. Early cave art and ancient DNA record the origin of European bison

Author

Soubrier, Julien, Gower, Graham, Chen, Kefei, Richards, Stephen M, Llamas, Bastien, Mitchell, Kieren J, Ho, Simon Y W, Kosintsev, Pavel, Lee, Michael S Y, Baryshnikov, Gennady, Bollongino, Ruth, Bover, Pere, Burger, Joachim, Chivall, David, Crégut-Bonnoure, Evelyne, Decker, Jared E, Doronichev, Vladimir B, Douka, Katerina, Fordham, Damien, Fontana, Federica, Fritz, Carole, Glimmerveen, Jan, Golovanova, Liubov V, Groves, Colin, Guerreschi, Antonio, Haak, Wolfgang, Higham, Tom, Hofman-Kamińska, Emilia, Immel, Alexander, Julien, Marie-Anne, Krause, Johannes, Krotova, Oleksandra, Langbein, Frauke, Larson, Greger, Rohrlach, Adam, Scheu, Amelie, Schnabel, Robert D, Taylor, Jeremy F, Tokarska, Małgorzata, Tosello, Gilles, van der Plicht, Johannes, van Loenen, Ayla, Vigne, Jean-Denis, Wooley, Oliver, Orlando, Ludovic, Kowalczyk, Rafał, Shapiro, Beth, Cooper, Alan, Soubrier, Julien, Gower, Graham, Chen, Kefei, Richards, Stephen M, Llamas, Bastien, Mitchell, Kieren J, Ho, Simon Y W, Kosintsev, Pavel, Lee, Michael S Y, Baryshnikov, Gennady, Bollongino, Ruth, Bover, Pere, Burger, Joachim, Chivall, David, Crégut-Bonnoure, Evelyne, Decker, Jared E, Doronichev, Vladimir B, Douka, Katerina, Fordham, Damien, Fontana, Federica, Fritz, Carole, Glimmerveen, Jan, Golovanova, Liubov V, Groves, Colin, Guerreschi, Antonio, Haak, Wolfgang, Higham, Tom, Hofman-Kamińska, Emilia, Immel, Alexander, Julien, Marie-Anne, Krause, Johannes, Krotova, Oleksandra, Langbein, Frauke, Larson, Greger, Rohrlach, Adam, Scheu, Amelie, Schnabel, Robert D, Taylor, Jeremy F, Tokarska, Małgorzata, Tosello, Gilles, van der Plicht, Johannes, van Loenen, Ayla, Vigne, Jean-Denis, Wooley, Oliver, Orlando, Ludovic, Kowalczyk, Rafał, Shapiro, Beth, and Cooper, Alan

Abstract

The two living species of bison (European and American) are among the few terrestrial megafauna to have survived the late Pleistocene extinctions. Despite the extensive bovid fossil record in Eurasia, the evolutionary history of the European bison (or wisent, Bison bonasus) before the Holocene (<11.7 thousand years ago (kya)) remains a mystery. We use complete ancient mitochondrial genomes and genome-wide nuclear DNA surveys to reveal that the wisent is the product of hybridization between the extinct steppe bison (Bison priscus) and ancestors of modern cattle (aurochs, Bos primigenius) before 120 kya, and contains up to 10% aurochs genomic ancestry. Although undetected within the fossil record, ancestors of the wisent have alternated ecological dominance with steppe bison in association with major environmental shifts since at least 55 kya. Early cave artists recorded distinct morphological forms consistent with these replacement events, around the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼21-18 kya).

Published
2016

4. Early cave art and ancient DNA record the origin of European bison.

Author

Soubrier, Julien, Soubrier, Julien, Gower, Graham, Chen, Kefei, Richards, Stephen M, Llamas, Bastien, Mitchell, Kieren J, Ho, Simon YW, Kosintsev, Pavel, Lee, Michael SY, Baryshnikov, Gennady, Bollongino, Ruth, Bover, Pere, Burger, Joachim, Chivall, David, Crégut-Bonnoure, Evelyne, Decker, Jared E, Doronichev, Vladimir B, Douka, Katerina, Fordham, Damien A, Fontana, Federica, Fritz, Carole, Glimmerveen, Jan, Golovanova, Liubov V, Groves, Colin, Guerreschi, Antonio, Haak, Wolfgang, Higham, Tom, Hofman-Kamińska, Emilia, Immel, Alexander, Julien, Marie-Anne, Krause, Johannes, Krotova, Oleksandra, Langbein, Frauke, Larson, Greger, Rohrlach, Adam, Scheu, Amelie, Schnabel, Robert D, Taylor, Jeremy F, Tokarska, Małgorzata, Tosello, Gilles, van der Plicht, Johannes, van Loenen, Ayla, Vigne, Jean-Denis, Wooley, Oliver, Orlando, Ludovic, Kowalczyk, Rafał, Shapiro, Beth, Cooper, Alan, Soubrier, Julien, Soubrier, Julien, Gower, Graham, Chen, Kefei, Richards, Stephen M, Llamas, Bastien, Mitchell, Kieren J, Ho, Simon YW, Kosintsev, Pavel, Lee, Michael SY, Baryshnikov, Gennady, Bollongino, Ruth, Bover, Pere, Burger, Joachim, Chivall, David, Crégut-Bonnoure, Evelyne, Decker, Jared E, Doronichev, Vladimir B, Douka, Katerina, Fordham, Damien A, Fontana, Federica, Fritz, Carole, Glimmerveen, Jan, Golovanova, Liubov V, Groves, Colin, Guerreschi, Antonio, Haak, Wolfgang, Higham, Tom, Hofman-Kamińska, Emilia, Immel, Alexander, Julien, Marie-Anne, Krause, Johannes, Krotova, Oleksandra, Langbein, Frauke, Larson, Greger, Rohrlach, Adam, Scheu, Amelie, Schnabel, Robert D, Taylor, Jeremy F, Tokarska, Małgorzata, Tosello, Gilles, van der Plicht, Johannes, van Loenen, Ayla, Vigne, Jean-Denis, Wooley, Oliver, Orlando, Ludovic, Kowalczyk, Rafał, Shapiro, Beth, and Cooper, Alan

Abstract

The two living species of bison (European and American) are among the few terrestrial megafauna to have survived the late Pleistocene extinctions. Despite the extensive bovid fossil record in Eurasia, the evolutionary history of the European bison (or wisent, Bison bonasus) before the Holocene (<11.7 thousand years ago (kya)) remains a mystery. We use complete ancient mitochondrial genomes and genome-wide nuclear DNA surveys to reveal that the wisent is the product of hybridization between the extinct steppe bison (Bison priscus) and ancestors of modern cattle (aurochs, Bos primigenius) before 120 kya, and contains up to 10% aurochs genomic ancestry. Although undetected within the fossil record, ancestors of the wisent have alternated ecological dominance with steppe bison in association with major environmental shifts since at least 55 kya. Early cave artists recorded distinct morphological forms consistent with these replacement events, around the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼21-18 kya).

Published
2016

5. Early cave art and ancient DNA record the origin of European bison

Author

Soubrier, Julien, Gower, Graham, Chen, Kefei, Richards, Stephen M., Llamas, Bastien, Mitchell, Kieren J., Ho, Simon Y. W., Kosintsev, Pavel, Lee, Michael S. Y., Baryshnikov, Gennady, Bollongino, Ruth, Bover, Pere, Burger, Joachim, Chivall, David, Crégut-Bonnoure, Evelyne, Decker, Jared E., Doronichev, Vladimir B., Douka, Katerina, Fordham, Damien A., Fontana, Federica, Fritz, Carole, Glimmerveen, Jan, Golovanova, Liubov V., Groves, Colin, Guerreschi, Antonio, Haak, Wolfgang, Higham, Tom, Hofman-Kamińska, Emilia, Immel, Alexander, Julien, Marie-Anne, Krause, Johannes, Krotova, Oleksandra, Langbein, Frauke, Larson, Greger, Rohrlach, Adam, Scheu, Amelie, Schnabel, Robert D., Taylor, Jeremy F., Tokarska, Małgorzata, Tosello, Gilles, van der Plicht, Johannes, van Loenen, Ayla, Vigne, Jean-Denis, Wooley, Oliver, Orlando, Ludovic Antoine Alexandre, Kowalczyk, Rafał, Shapiro, Beth, Cooper, Alan, Soubrier, Julien, Gower, Graham, Chen, Kefei, Richards, Stephen M., Llamas, Bastien, Mitchell, Kieren J., Ho, Simon Y. W., Kosintsev, Pavel, Lee, Michael S. Y., Baryshnikov, Gennady, Bollongino, Ruth, Bover, Pere, Burger, Joachim, Chivall, David, Crégut-Bonnoure, Evelyne, Decker, Jared E., Doronichev, Vladimir B., Douka, Katerina, Fordham, Damien A., Fontana, Federica, Fritz, Carole, Glimmerveen, Jan, Golovanova, Liubov V., Groves, Colin, Guerreschi, Antonio, Haak, Wolfgang, Higham, Tom, Hofman-Kamińska, Emilia, Immel, Alexander, Julien, Marie-Anne, Krause, Johannes, Krotova, Oleksandra, Langbein, Frauke, Larson, Greger, Rohrlach, Adam, Scheu, Amelie, Schnabel, Robert D., Taylor, Jeremy F., Tokarska, Małgorzata, Tosello, Gilles, van der Plicht, Johannes, van Loenen, Ayla, Vigne, Jean-Denis, Wooley, Oliver, Orlando, Ludovic Antoine Alexandre, Kowalczyk, Rafał, Shapiro, Beth, and Cooper, Alan

Abstract

The two living species of bison (European and American) are among the few terrestrial megafauna to have survived the late Pleistocene extinctions. Despite the extensive bovid fossil record in Eurasia, the evolutionary history of the European bison (or wisent, Bison bonasus) before the Holocene (<11.7 thousand years ago (kya)) remains a mystery. We use complete ancient mitochondrial genomes and genome-wide nuclear DNA surveys to reveal that the wisent is the product of hybridization between the extinct steppe bison (Bison priscus) and ancestors of modern cattle (aurochs, Bos primigenius) before 120 kya, and contains up to 10% aurochs genomic ancestry. Although undetected within the fossil record, ancestors of the wisent have alternated ecological dominance with steppe bison in association with major environmental shifts since at least 55 kya. Early cave artists recorded distinct morphological forms consistent with these replacement events, around the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼21-18 kya).

Published
2016

6. Early cave art and ancient DNA record the origin of European bison

Author

Soubrier, Julien, Gower, Graham, Chen, Kefei, Richards, Stephen M., Llamas, Bastien, Mitchell, Kieren J., Ho, Simon Y. W., Kosintsev, Pavel, Lee, Michael S. Y., Baryshnikov, Gennady, Bollongino, Ruth, Bover, Pere, Burger, Joachim, Chivall, David, Crégut-Bonnoure, Evelyne, Decker, Jared E., Doronichev, Vladimir B., Douka, Katerina, Fordham, Damien A., Fontana, Federica, Fritz, Carole, Glimmerveen, Jan, Golovanova, Liubov V., Groves, Colin, Guerreschi, Antonio, Haak, Wolfgang, Higham, Tom, Hofman-Kamińska, Emilia, Immel, Alexander, Julien, Marie-Anne, Krause, Johannes, Krotova, Oleksandra, Langbein, Frauke, Larson, Greger, Rohrlach, Adam, Scheu, Amelie, Schnabel, Robert D., Taylor, Jeremy F., Tokarska, Małgorzata, Tosello, Gilles, van der Plicht, Johannes, van Loenen, Ayla, Vigne, Jean-Denis, Wooley, Oliver, Orlando, Ludovic Antoine Alexandre, Kowalczyk, Rafał, Shapiro, Beth, Cooper, Alan, Soubrier, Julien, Gower, Graham, Chen, Kefei, Richards, Stephen M., Llamas, Bastien, Mitchell, Kieren J., Ho, Simon Y. W., Kosintsev, Pavel, Lee, Michael S. Y., Baryshnikov, Gennady, Bollongino, Ruth, Bover, Pere, Burger, Joachim, Chivall, David, Crégut-Bonnoure, Evelyne, Decker, Jared E., Doronichev, Vladimir B., Douka, Katerina, Fordham, Damien A., Fontana, Federica, Fritz, Carole, Glimmerveen, Jan, Golovanova, Liubov V., Groves, Colin, Guerreschi, Antonio, Haak, Wolfgang, Higham, Tom, Hofman-Kamińska, Emilia, Immel, Alexander, Julien, Marie-Anne, Krause, Johannes, Krotova, Oleksandra, Langbein, Frauke, Larson, Greger, Rohrlach, Adam, Scheu, Amelie, Schnabel, Robert D., Taylor, Jeremy F., Tokarska, Małgorzata, Tosello, Gilles, van der Plicht, Johannes, van Loenen, Ayla, Vigne, Jean-Denis, Wooley, Oliver, Orlando, Ludovic Antoine Alexandre, Kowalczyk, Rafał, Shapiro, Beth, and Cooper, Alan

Abstract

The two living species of bison (European and American) are among the few terrestrial megafauna to have survived the late Pleistocene extinctions. Despite the extensive bovid fossil record in Eurasia, the evolutionary history of the European bison (or wisent, Bison bonasus) before the Holocene (<11.7 thousand years ago (kya)) remains a mystery. We use complete ancient mitochondrial genomes and genome-wide nuclear DNA surveys to reveal that the wisent is the product of hybridization between the extinct steppe bison (Bison priscus) and ancestors of modern cattle (aurochs, Bos primigenius) before 120 kya, and contains up to 10% aurochs genomic ancestry. Although undetected within the fossil record, ancestors of the wisent have alternated ecological dominance with steppe bison in association with major environmental shifts since at least 55 kya. Early cave artists recorded distinct morphological forms consistent with these replacement events, around the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼21-18 kya).

Published
2016

7. The karst of the Vaucluse, an exceptional record for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Late-glacial period palaeoenvironment of southeastern France

Author

Crégut-Bonnoure, Evelyne, Argant, Jacqueline, Bailon, Salvador, Boulbes, Nicolas, Bouville, Claude, Buisson-Catil, Jacques, Debard, Evelyne, Desclaux, Emmanuel, Fietzke, Jan, Fourvel, Jean-Baptiste, Frèrebeau, Nicolas, Kuntz, Delphine, Krzepkowska, Jadwiga, Laudet, Frédéric, Lachenal, Thibault, Lateur, Nicolas, Manzano, Alaric, Marciszak, Adrian, Margarit, Xavier, Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile, Oppliger, Julien, Roger, Thierry, Teacher, Amber G.F., Thinon, Michel, Crégut-Bonnoure, Evelyne, Argant, Jacqueline, Bailon, Salvador, Boulbes, Nicolas, Bouville, Claude, Buisson-Catil, Jacques, Debard, Evelyne, Desclaux, Emmanuel, Fietzke, Jan, Fourvel, Jean-Baptiste, Frèrebeau, Nicolas, Kuntz, Delphine, Krzepkowska, Jadwiga, Laudet, Frédéric, Lachenal, Thibault, Lateur, Nicolas, Manzano, Alaric, Marciszak, Adrian, Margarit, Xavier, Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile, Oppliger, Julien, Roger, Thierry, Teacher, Amber G.F., and Thinon, Michel

Abstract

Investigations in four natural traps from southeastern France have provided new and extensive information on the palaeoenvironment from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21,000 to 15,075 cal BP), the Late-glacial period (15,075 to 11,490 cal BP) and the beginning of Holocene (11,490 to 2835 cal BP). Radiocarbon and U/Th dates provided precise chronological data. In the Coulet des Roches, an LGM and a near complete Late-glacial period sequence were identified. The infilling preserved skeletons of large mammals, revealing a new faunal assemblage for southeastern France. For the first time, two distinct southern expansions of Dicrostonyx torquatus have been identified, correlated firstly to the LGM and secondly to the Late-glacial period. Dicrostonyx torquatus was found to be associated with Microtus oeconemus during the Oldest Dryas (15,075 to 18,270 cal BP). Morphological adaptations to the cold climate were indicated by some mammals (Vulpes vulpes, Mustela nivalis, Mustela erminea, Equus caballus gallicus). Among the birds, Bubo scandiacus and Pyrrhocorax graculus were found to be abundant. Palynological data suggested a very open landscape as well as a cold and rather dry climate. Rangifer tarandus remains were recovered from the Oldest Dryas layers of Aven des Planes. During the Allerød, a wooded environment permitted the dispersal of Cervus elaphus, Sus scrofa, Tetrao urogallus as well as reptiles and amphibians. Holocene sequences existed in these two natural traps as in Aven Souche n° 1 and n° 2. At this time, a sparsely wooded landscape covered much of the area. Cervus elaphus and Tetrao urogallus were still present with Canis lupus, Lynx lynx and Felis silvestris. Areas of open landscape were occupied by Otis tarda. During the Bronze Age (2200 to 800 cal BC) and Iron Age (800 to 50 cal BC), Aven des Planes, Aven Souche n° 1 and n° 2 were used by humans and had a sepulchral destination.

Published
2014
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8. The karst of the Vaucluse, an exceptional record for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Late-glacial period palaeoenvironment of southeastern France

Author

Crégut-Bonnoure, Evelyne, Argant, Jacqueline, Bailon, Salvador, Boulbes, Nicolas, Bouville, Claude, Buisson-Catil, Jacques, Debard, Evelyne, Desclaux, Emmanuel, Fietzke, Jan, Fourvel, Jean-Baptiste, Frèrebeau, Nicolas, Kuntz, Delphine, Krzepkowska, Jadwiga, Laudet, Frédéric, Lachenal, Thibault, Lateur, Nicolas, Manzano, Alaric, Marciszak, Adrian, Margarit, Xavier, Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile, Oppliger, Julien, Roger, Thierry, Teacher, Amber G.F., Thinon, Michel, Crégut-Bonnoure, Evelyne, Argant, Jacqueline, Bailon, Salvador, Boulbes, Nicolas, Bouville, Claude, Buisson-Catil, Jacques, Debard, Evelyne, Desclaux, Emmanuel, Fietzke, Jan, Fourvel, Jean-Baptiste, Frèrebeau, Nicolas, Kuntz, Delphine, Krzepkowska, Jadwiga, Laudet, Frédéric, Lachenal, Thibault, Lateur, Nicolas, Manzano, Alaric, Marciszak, Adrian, Margarit, Xavier, Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile, Oppliger, Julien, Roger, Thierry, Teacher, Amber G.F., and Thinon, Michel

Abstract

Investigations in four natural traps from southeastern France have provided new and extensive information on the palaeoenvironment from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21,000 to 15,075 cal BP), the Late-glacial period (15,075 to 11,490 cal BP) and the beginning of Holocene (11,490 to 2835 cal BP). Radiocarbon and U/Th dates provided precise chronological data. In the Coulet des Roches, an LGM and a near complete Late-glacial period sequence were identified. The infilling preserved skeletons of large mammals, revealing a new faunal assemblage for southeastern France. For the first time, two distinct southern expansions of Dicrostonyx torquatus have been identified, correlated firstly to the LGM and secondly to the Late-glacial period. Dicrostonyx torquatus was found to be associated with Microtus oeconemus during the Oldest Dryas (15,075 to 18,270 cal BP). Morphological adaptations to the cold climate were indicated by some mammals (Vulpes vulpes, Mustela nivalis, Mustela erminea, Equus caballus gallicus). Among the birds, Bubo scandiacus and Pyrrhocorax graculus were found to be abundant. Palynological data suggested a very open landscape as well as a cold and rather dry climate. Rangifer tarandus remains were recovered from the Oldest Dryas layers of Aven des Planes. During the Allerød, a wooded environment permitted the dispersal of Cervus elaphus, Sus scrofa, Tetrao urogallus as well as reptiles and amphibians. Holocene sequences existed in these two natural traps as in Aven Souche n° 1 and n° 2. At this time, a sparsely wooded landscape covered much of the area. Cervus elaphus and Tetrao urogallus were still present with Canis lupus, Lynx lynx and Felis silvestris. Areas of open landscape were occupied by Otis tarda. During the Bronze Age (2200 to 800 cal BC) and Iron Age (800 to 50 cal BC), Aven des Planes, Aven Souche n° 1 and n° 2 were used by humans and had a sepulchral destination.

Published
2014
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10. Staying out in the cold : glacial refugia and mitochondrial DNA phylogeography in ancient European brown bears.

Author

Valdiosera, Cristina E., García, Nuria, Anderung, Cecilia, Dalén, Love, Crégut-Bonnoure, Evelyne, Kahlke, Ralf-Dietrich, Stiller, Mathias, Brandström, Mikael, Thomas, Mark G, Arsuaga, Juan Luis, Götherström, Anders, Barnes, Ian, Valdiosera, Cristina E., García, Nuria, Anderung, Cecilia, Dalén, Love, Crégut-Bonnoure, Evelyne, Kahlke, Ralf-Dietrich, Stiller, Mathias, Brandström, Mikael, Thomas, Mark G, Arsuaga, Juan Luis, Götherström, Anders, and Barnes, Ian

Abstract

Models for the development of species distribution in Europe typically invoke restriction in three temperate Mediterranean refugia during glaciations, from where recolonization of central and northern Europe occurred. The brown bear, Ursus arctos, is one of the taxa from which this model is derived. Sequence data generated from brown bear fossils show a complex phylogeographical history for western European populations. Long-term isolation in separate refugia is not required to explain our data when considering the palaeontological distribution of brown bears. We propose continuous gene flow across southern Europe, from which brown bear populations expanded after the last glaciation.

Published
2007
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