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276 results on '"D'Alfonso, L"'

1. The antimicrobial and photothermal response of copper sulfide particles with distinct size and morphology

Author: Gulin-Sarfraz, T, D'Alfonso, L, Smått, J, Chirico, G, Sarfraz, J, Gulin-Sarfraz T., D'Alfonso L., Smått J. H., Chirico G., Sarfraz J., Gulin-Sarfraz, T, D'Alfonso, L, Smått, J, Chirico, G, Sarfraz, J, Gulin-Sarfraz T., D'Alfonso L., Smått J. H., Chirico G., and Sarfraz J.
Abstract: The development of photothermal agents for antibacterial applications has become increasingly attractive. An exciting area for these materials is in the food industry where such materials can be applied to prevent microbial contamination, as an environment-friendly alternative to chemical disinfectants. However, for such applications, there is a need for low-cost photocatalytic materials with easy synthesis procedures and long-term stability. In this regard, copper sulfide (CuS) nanomaterials have gained vast attention for their large antimicrobial response, driven primarily by the photothermal effect resulting from their uniform absorption in the NIR range. However, an important factor for a successful application is the level of the light-to-heat conversion capability of the specific CuS nanomaterial, which highly impacts on the antimicrobial response. Here, different synthesis procedures were investigated to synthesize a variety of CuS particles with distinct sizes and shapes, to demonstrate the large variation in antimicrobial response. The antibacterial activity of the particles was demonstrated on the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) by irradiation with a regular IR lamp, to simultaneously investigate light absorption under a relatively low irradiation power. The results reveal that the light absorption of the CuS particles vary greatly and thus also so does the antibacterial effect. In conclusion, the difference in antimicrobial effect can not only be ascribed to size and morphology, but it is also influenced by crystal size and phase composition.
Published: 2024

2. The dynamical state of bars in cluster dwarf galaxies: The cases of NGC 4483 and NGC 4516

Author: Cuomo, Virginia, Morelli, Lorenzo, Aguerri, J Alfonso L, Corsini, Enrico Maria, Debattista, Victor P, Coccato, Lodovico, Pizzella, Alessandro, Boselli, Alessandro, Buttitta, Chiara, de Lorenzo-Cáceres, Adriana, Ferrarese, Laura, Gasparri, Daniele, Lee, Yun Hee, Mendez-Abreu, Jairo, Roediger, Joel, Zarattini, Stefano, Cuomo, Virginia, Morelli, Lorenzo, Aguerri, J Alfonso L, Corsini, Enrico Maria, Debattista, Victor P, Coccato, Lodovico, Pizzella, Alessandro, Boselli, Alessandro, Buttitta, Chiara, de Lorenzo-Cáceres, Adriana, Ferrarese, Laura, Gasparri, Daniele, Lee, Yun Hee, Mendez-Abreu, Jairo, Roediger, Joel, and Zarattini, Stefano
Abstract: Dwarf barred galaxies are the perfect candidates for hosting slowly-rotating bars. They are common in dense environments and they have a relatively shallow potential well, making them prone to heating by interactions. When an interaction induces bar formation, the bar should rotate slowly. They reside in massive and centrally-concentrated dark matter halos, which slow down the bar rotation through dynamical friction. While predictions suggest that slow bars should be common, measurements of bar pattern speed, using the Tremaine-Weinberg method, show that bars are mostly fast in the local Universe. We present a photometric and kinematic characterisation of bars hosted by two dwarf galaxies in the Virgo Cluster, NGC 4483 and NGC 4516. We derive the bar length and strength using the Next Generation Virgo Survey imaging and the circular velocity, bar pattern speed, and rotation rate using spectroscopy from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer. Including the previously studied galaxy IC 3167, we compare the bar properties of the three dwarf galaxies with those of their massive counterparts from literature. Bars in the dwarf galaxies are shorter and weaker, and rotate slightly slower with respect to those in massive galaxies. This could be due to a different bar formation mechanism and/or to a large dark matter fraction in the centre of dwarf galaxies. We show that it is possible to push the application of the Tremaine-Weinberg method to the galaxy low mass regime.
Published: 2024
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3. Thiolated Cyanines Appended to Partially Pegylated Gold Nanoparticles for Fluorescence Quenching of Two‐Channel Photothermal Inks

Author: Pallavicini, P, Colombi, C, Baccini, C, Gatti, B, D'Alfonso, L, Dacarro, G, Cattani, S, Diaz Fernandez, Y, Doveri, L, Milanese, C, Secchi, A, Pallavicini, Piersandro, Colombi, Chiara, Baccini, Caterina, Gatti, Beatrice, D'Alfonso, Laura, Dacarro, Giacomo, Cattani, Silvia, Diaz Fernandez, Yuri A., Doveri, Lavinia, Milanese, Chiara, Secchi, Andrea, Pallavicini, P, Colombi, C, Baccini, C, Gatti, B, D'Alfonso, L, Dacarro, G, Cattani, S, Diaz Fernandez, Y, Doveri, L, Milanese, C, Secchi, A, Pallavicini, Piersandro, Colombi, Chiara, Baccini, Caterina, Gatti, Beatrice, D'Alfonso, Laura, Dacarro, Giacomo, Cattani, Silvia, Diaz Fernandez, Yuri A., Doveri, Lavinia, Milanese, Chiara, and Secchi, Andrea
Abstract: Following a new approach, we prepared a nanoink with two separate photothermally responsive absorption bands. One is the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption of gold nanoparticles (AuNP, d =17 nm), the second is the absorption band of two cyanine (Cy) dyes, Cy7-C6 or Cy7-C11, grafted to the AuNP surface through thiolated bridges of different lengths: the close proximity to the Au surface induces full quenching of the Cy fluorescence, resulting in thermal relaxation on irradiation. Attempts to full coat AuNP with the lipophilic Cy7-C6 and Cy7-C11 lead to precipitation from aqueous solutions. We thus prepared AuNP with partial pegylation (30, 50, or 70%), using a long chain thiol-terminated PEG bearing a -COOH function. Addition until saturation of either Cy7-C6 or Cy7-C11 to the partially pegylated AuNP gave the AuNP@Cy/PEGX% hybrids (X = 30, 50, 70) that are stable in water and in the water/alcohol mixtures used to prepare the nanoinks. Further overcoating of AuNP@Cy7-C6/PEG50% with PAH (polyallylamine hydrochloride) avoids LSPR hybridization in the dry nanoink printouts, that present two separate bands. When irradiated with laser sources near their absorption maxima, the printouts of the AuNP@Cy7-C6/PEG50%@PAH nanoink respond on two channels, giving different temperature increases depending on the irradiation wavelength.
Published: 2024

4. The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE : Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

Author: Jin, Shoko, Trager, Scott C., Dalton, Gavin B., Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Drew, J. E., Falcon-Barroso, Jesus, Gaensicke, Boris T., Hill, Vanessa, Iovino, Angela, Pieri, Matthew M., Poggianti, Bianca M., Smith, D. J. B., Vallenari, Antonella, Abrams, Don Carlos, Aguado, David S., Antoja, Teresa, Aragon-Salamanca, Alfonso, Ascasibar, Yago, Babusiaux, Carine, Balcells, Marc, Barrena, R., Battaglia, Giuseppina, Belokurov, Vasily, Bensby, Thomas, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Bragaglia, Angela, Carrasco, Esperanza, Carrera, Ricardo, Cornwell, Daniel J., Dominguez-Palmero, Lilian, Duncan, Kenneth J., Famaey, Benoit, Farina, Cecilia, Gonzalez, Oscar A., Guest, Steve, Hatch, Nina A., Hess, Kelley M., Hoskin, Matthew J., Irwin, Mike, Knapen, Johan H., Koposov, Sergey E., Kuchner, Ulrike, Laigle, Clotilde, Lewis, Jim, Longhetti, Marcella, Lucatello, Sara, Mendez-Abreu, Jairo, Mercurio, Amata, Molaeinezhad, Alireza, Monguio, Maria, Morrison, Sean, Murphy, David N. A., de Arriba, Luis Peralta, Perez, Isabel, Perez-Rafols, Ignasi, Pico, Sergio, Raddi, Roberto, Romero-Gomez, Merce, Royer, Frederic, Siebert, Arnaud, Seabroke, George M., Som, Debopam, Terrett, David, Thomas, Guillaume, Wesson, Roger, Worley, C. Clare, Alfaro, Emilio J., Allende Prieto, Carlos, Alonso-Santiago, Javier, Amos, Nicholas J., Ashley, Richard P., Balaguer-Nunez, Lola, Balbinot, Eduardo, Bellazzini, Michele, Benn, Chris R., Berlanas, Sara R., Bernard, Edouard J., Best, Philip, Bettoni, Daniela, Bianco, Andrea, Bishop, Georgia, Blomqvist, Michael, Boeche, Corrado, Bolzonella, Micol, Bonoli, Silvia, Bosma, Albert, Britavskiy, Nikolay, Busarello, Gianni, Caffau, Elisabetta, Cantat-Gaudin, Tristan, Castro-Ginard, Alfred, Couto, Guilherme, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, Juan, Carter, David, Casamiquela, Laia, Conrado, Ana M., Corcho-Caballero, Pablo, Costantin, Luca, Deason, Alis, de Burgos, Abel, De Grandi, Sabrina, Di Matteo, Paola, Dominguez-Gomez, Jesus, Dorda, Ricardo, Drake, Alyssa, Dutta, Rajeshwari, Erkal, Denis, Feltzing, Sofia, Ferre-Mateu, Anna, Feuillet, Diane, Figueras, Francesca, Fossati, Matteo, Franciosini, Elena, Frasca, Antonio, Fumagalli, Michele, Gallazzi, Anna, Garcia-Benito, Ruben, Fusillo, Nicola Gentile, Gebran, Marwan, Gilbert, James, Gledhill, T. M., Gonzalez Delgado, Rosa M., Greimel, Robert, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Guerra, Jose, Gullieuszik, Marco, Haines, Christopher P., Hardcastle, Martin J., Harris, Amy, Haywood, Misha, Helmi, Amina, Hernandez, Nauzet, Herrero, Artemio, Hughes, Sarah, Irsic, Vid, Jablonka, Pascale, Jarvis, Matt J., Jordi, Carme, Kondapally, Rohit, Kordopatis, Georges, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, La Barbera, Francesco, Lam, Man I., Larsen, Sren S., Lemasle, Bertrand, Lewis, Ian J., Lhome, Emilie, Lind, Karin, Lodi, Marcello, Longobardi, Alessia, Lonoce, Ilaria, Magrini, Laura, Maiz Apellaniz, Jesus, Marchal, Olivier, Marco, Amparo, Martin, Nicolas F., Matsuno, Tadafumi, Maurogordato, Sophie, Merluzzi, Paola, Miralda-Escude, Jordi, Molinari, Emilio, Monari, Giacomo, Morelli, Lorenzo, Mottram, Christopher J., Naylor, Tim, Negueruela, Ignacio, Onorbe, Jose, Pancino, Elena, Peirani, Sebastien, Peletier, Reynier F., Pozzetti, Lucia, Rainer, Monica, Ramos, Pau, Read, Shaun C., Rossi, Elena Maria, Roettgering, Huub J. A., Rubino-Martin, Jose Alberto, Sabater, Jose, San Juan, Jose, Sanna, Nicoletta, Schallig, Ellen, Schiavon, Ricardo P., Schultheis, Mathias, Serra, Paolo, Shimwell, Timothy W., Simon-Diaz, Sergio, Smith, Russell J., Sordo, Rosanna, Sorini, Daniele, Soubiran, Caroline, Starkenburg, Else, Steele, Iain A., Stott, John, Stuik, Remko, Tolstoy, Eline, Tortora, Crescenzo, Tsantaki, Maria, Van der Swaelmen, Mathieu, van Weeren, Reinout J., Vergani, Daniela, Verheijen, Marc A. W., Verro, Kristiina, Vink, Jorick S., Vioque, Miguel, Walcher, C. Jakob, Walton, Nicholas A., Wegg, Christopher, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Williams, Wendy L., Wilson, Andrew J., Wright, Nicholas J., Xylakis-Dornbusch, Theodora, Youakim, Kris, Zibetti, Stefano, Zurita, Cristina, Jin, Shoko, Trager, Scott C., Dalton, Gavin B., Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Drew, J. E., Falcon-Barroso, Jesus, Gaensicke, Boris T., Hill, Vanessa, Iovino, Angela, Pieri, Matthew M., Poggianti, Bianca M., Smith, D. J. B., Vallenari, Antonella, Abrams, Don Carlos, Aguado, David S., Antoja, Teresa, Aragon-Salamanca, Alfonso, Ascasibar, Yago, Babusiaux, Carine, Balcells, Marc, Barrena, R., Battaglia, Giuseppina, Belokurov, Vasily, Bensby, Thomas, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Bragaglia, Angela, Carrasco, Esperanza, Carrera, Ricardo, Cornwell, Daniel J., Dominguez-Palmero, Lilian, Duncan, Kenneth J., Famaey, Benoit, Farina, Cecilia, Gonzalez, Oscar A., Guest, Steve, Hatch, Nina A., Hess, Kelley M., Hoskin, Matthew J., Irwin, Mike, Knapen, Johan H., Koposov, Sergey E., Kuchner, Ulrike, Laigle, Clotilde, Lewis, Jim, Longhetti, Marcella, Lucatello, Sara, Mendez-Abreu, Jairo, Mercurio, Amata, Molaeinezhad, Alireza, Monguio, Maria, Morrison, Sean, Murphy, David N. A., de Arriba, Luis Peralta, Perez, Isabel, Perez-Rafols, Ignasi, Pico, Sergio, Raddi, Roberto, Romero-Gomez, Merce, Royer, Frederic, Siebert, Arnaud, Seabroke, George M., Som, Debopam, Terrett, David, Thomas, Guillaume, Wesson, Roger, Worley, C. Clare, Alfaro, Emilio J., Allende Prieto, Carlos, Alonso-Santiago, Javier, Amos, Nicholas J., Ashley, Richard P., Balaguer-Nunez, Lola, Balbinot, Eduardo, Bellazzini, Michele, Benn, Chris R., Berlanas, Sara R., Bernard, Edouard J., Best, Philip, Bettoni, Daniela, Bianco, Andrea, Bishop, Georgia, Blomqvist, Michael, Boeche, Corrado, Bolzonella, Micol, Bonoli, Silvia, Bosma, Albert, Britavskiy, Nikolay, Busarello, Gianni, Caffau, Elisabetta, Cantat-Gaudin, Tristan, Castro-Ginard, Alfred, Couto, Guilherme, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, Juan, Carter, David, Casamiquela, Laia, Conrado, Ana M., Corcho-Caballero, Pablo, Costantin, Luca, Deason, Alis, de Burgos, Abel, De Grandi, Sabrina, Di Matteo, Paola, Dominguez-Gomez, Jesus, Dorda, Ricardo, Drake, Alyssa, Dutta, Rajeshwari, Erkal, Denis, Feltzing, Sofia, Ferre-Mateu, Anna, Feuillet, Diane, Figueras, Francesca, Fossati, Matteo, Franciosini, Elena, Frasca, Antonio, Fumagalli, Michele, Gallazzi, Anna, Garcia-Benito, Ruben, Fusillo, Nicola Gentile, Gebran, Marwan, Gilbert, James, Gledhill, T. M., Gonzalez Delgado, Rosa M., Greimel, Robert, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Guerra, Jose, Gullieuszik, Marco, Haines, Christopher P., Hardcastle, Martin J., Harris, Amy, Haywood, Misha, Helmi, Amina, Hernandez, Nauzet, Herrero, Artemio, Hughes, Sarah, Irsic, Vid, Jablonka, Pascale, Jarvis, Matt J., Jordi, Carme, Kondapally, Rohit, Kordopatis, Georges, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, La Barbera, Francesco, Lam, Man I., Larsen, Sren S., Lemasle, Bertrand, Lewis, Ian J., Lhome, Emilie, Lind, Karin, Lodi, Marcello, Longobardi, Alessia, Lonoce, Ilaria, Magrini, Laura, Maiz Apellaniz, Jesus, Marchal, Olivier, Marco, Amparo, Martin, Nicolas F., Matsuno, Tadafumi, Maurogordato, Sophie, Merluzzi, Paola, Miralda-Escude, Jordi, Molinari, Emilio, Monari, Giacomo, Morelli, Lorenzo, Mottram, Christopher J., Naylor, Tim, Negueruela, Ignacio, Onorbe, Jose, Pancino, Elena, Peirani, Sebastien, Peletier, Reynier F., Pozzetti, Lucia, Rainer, Monica, Ramos, Pau, Read, Shaun C., Rossi, Elena Maria, Roettgering, Huub J. A., Rubino-Martin, Jose Alberto, Sabater, Jose, San Juan, Jose, Sanna, Nicoletta, Schallig, Ellen, Schiavon, Ricardo P., Schultheis, Mathias, Serra, Paolo, Shimwell, Timothy W., Simon-Diaz, Sergio, Smith, Russell J., Sordo, Rosanna, Sorini, Daniele, Soubiran, Caroline, Starkenburg, Else, Steele, Iain A., Stott, John, Stuik, Remko, Tolstoy, Eline, Tortora, Crescenzo, Tsantaki, Maria, Van der Swaelmen, Mathieu, van Weeren, Reinout J., Vergani, Daniela, Verheijen, Marc A. W., Verro, Kristiina, Vink, Jorick S., Vioque, Miguel, Walcher, C. Jakob, Walton, Nicholas A., Wegg, Christopher, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Williams, Wendy L., Wilson, Andrew J., Wright, Nicholas J., Xylakis-Dornbusch, Theodora, Youakim, Kris, Zibetti, Stefano, and Zurita, Cristina
Abstract: WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, saw first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-deg field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366-959nm at R similar to 5000, or two shorter ranges at . After summarizing the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organization, science drivers, and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for similar to 3 million stars and detailed abundances for similar to 1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey similar to 0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects, and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey similar to 400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionized gas in z < 0.5 cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in field galaxies at 0.3 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 0.7; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using >1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; and (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z > 2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.
Published: 2024
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5. The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE : Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

Author: Jin, Shoko, Trager, Scott C., Dalton, Gavin B., Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Drew, J. E., Falcon-Barroso, Jesus, Gaensicke, Boris T., Hill, Vanessa, Iovino, Angela, Pieri, Matthew M., Poggianti, Bianca M., Smith, D. J. B., Vallenari, Antonella, Abrams, Don Carlos, Aguado, David S., Antoja, Teresa, Aragon-Salamanca, Alfonso, Ascasibar, Yago, Babusiaux, Carine, Balcells, Marc, Barrena, R., Battaglia, Giuseppina, Belokurov, Vasily, Bensby, Thomas, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Bragaglia, Angela, Carrasco, Esperanza, Carrera, Ricardo, Cornwell, Daniel J., Dominguez-Palmero, Lilian, Duncan, Kenneth J., Famaey, Benoit, Farina, Cecilia, Gonzalez, Oscar A., Guest, Steve, Hatch, Nina A., Hess, Kelley M., Hoskin, Matthew J., Irwin, Mike, Knapen, Johan H., Koposov, Sergey E., Kuchner, Ulrike, Laigle, Clotilde, Lewis, Jim, Longhetti, Marcella, Lucatello, Sara, Mendez-Abreu, Jairo, Mercurio, Amata, Molaeinezhad, Alireza, Monguio, Maria, Morrison, Sean, Murphy, David N. A., de Arriba, Luis Peralta, Perez, Isabel, Perez-Rafols, Ignasi, Pico, Sergio, Raddi, Roberto, Romero-Gomez, Merce, Royer, Frederic, Siebert, Arnaud, Seabroke, George M., Som, Debopam, Terrett, David, Thomas, Guillaume, Wesson, Roger, Worley, C. Clare, Alfaro, Emilio J., Allende Prieto, Carlos, Alonso-Santiago, Javier, Amos, Nicholas J., Ashley, Richard P., Balaguer-Nunez, Lola, Balbinot, Eduardo, Bellazzini, Michele, Benn, Chris R., Berlanas, Sara R., Bernard, Edouard J., Best, Philip, Bettoni, Daniela, Bianco, Andrea, Bishop, Georgia, Blomqvist, Michael, Boeche, Corrado, Bolzonella, Micol, Bonoli, Silvia, Bosma, Albert, Britavskiy, Nikolay, Busarello, Gianni, Caffau, Elisabetta, Cantat-Gaudin, Tristan, Castro-Ginard, Alfred, Couto, Guilherme, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, Juan, Carter, David, Casamiquela, Laia, Conrado, Ana M., Corcho-Caballero, Pablo, Costantin, Luca, Deason, Alis, de Burgos, Abel, De Grandi, Sabrina, Di Matteo, Paola, Dominguez-Gomez, Jesus, Dorda, Ricardo, Drake, Alyssa, Dutta, Rajeshwari, Erkal, Denis, Feltzing, Sofia, Ferre-Mateu, Anna, Feuillet, Diane, Figueras, Francesca, Fossati, Matteo, Franciosini, Elena, Frasca, Antonio, Fumagalli, Michele, Gallazzi, Anna, Garcia-Benito, Ruben, Fusillo, Nicola Gentile, Gebran, Marwan, Gilbert, James, Gledhill, T. M., Gonzalez Delgado, Rosa M., Greimel, Robert, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Guerra, Jose, Gullieuszik, Marco, Haines, Christopher P., Hardcastle, Martin J., Harris, Amy, Haywood, Misha, Helmi, Amina, Hernandez, Nauzet, Herrero, Artemio, Hughes, Sarah, Irsic, Vid, Jablonka, Pascale, Jarvis, Matt J., Jordi, Carme, Kondapally, Rohit, Kordopatis, Georges, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, La Barbera, Francesco, Lam, Man I., Larsen, Sren S., Lemasle, Bertrand, Lewis, Ian J., Lhome, Emilie, Lind, Karin, Lodi, Marcello, Longobardi, Alessia, Lonoce, Ilaria, Magrini, Laura, Maiz Apellaniz, Jesus, Marchal, Olivier, Marco, Amparo, Martin, Nicolas F., Matsuno, Tadafumi, Maurogordato, Sophie, Merluzzi, Paola, Miralda-Escude, Jordi, Molinari, Emilio, Monari, Giacomo, Morelli, Lorenzo, Mottram, Christopher J., Naylor, Tim, Negueruela, Ignacio, Onorbe, Jose, Pancino, Elena, Peirani, Sebastien, Peletier, Reynier F., Pozzetti, Lucia, Rainer, Monica, Ramos, Pau, Read, Shaun C., Rossi, Elena Maria, Roettgering, Huub J. A., Rubino-Martin, Jose Alberto, Sabater, Jose, San Juan, Jose, Sanna, Nicoletta, Schallig, Ellen, Schiavon, Ricardo P., Schultheis, Mathias, Serra, Paolo, Shimwell, Timothy W., Simon-Diaz, Sergio, Smith, Russell J., Sordo, Rosanna, Sorini, Daniele, Soubiran, Caroline, Starkenburg, Else, Steele, Iain A., Stott, John, Stuik, Remko, Tolstoy, Eline, Tortora, Crescenzo, Tsantaki, Maria, Van der Swaelmen, Mathieu, van Weeren, Reinout J., Vergani, Daniela, Verheijen, Marc A. W., Verro, Kristiina, Vink, Jorick S., Vioque, Miguel, Walcher, C. Jakob, Walton, Nicholas A., Wegg, Christopher, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Williams, Wendy L., Wilson, Andrew J., Wright, Nicholas J., Xylakis-Dornbusch, Theodora, Youakim, Kris, Zibetti, Stefano, Zurita, Cristina, Jin, Shoko, Trager, Scott C., Dalton, Gavin B., Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Drew, J. E., Falcon-Barroso, Jesus, Gaensicke, Boris T., Hill, Vanessa, Iovino, Angela, Pieri, Matthew M., Poggianti, Bianca M., Smith, D. J. B., Vallenari, Antonella, Abrams, Don Carlos, Aguado, David S., Antoja, Teresa, Aragon-Salamanca, Alfonso, Ascasibar, Yago, Babusiaux, Carine, Balcells, Marc, Barrena, R., Battaglia, Giuseppina, Belokurov, Vasily, Bensby, Thomas, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Bragaglia, Angela, Carrasco, Esperanza, Carrera, Ricardo, Cornwell, Daniel J., Dominguez-Palmero, Lilian, Duncan, Kenneth J., Famaey, Benoit, Farina, Cecilia, Gonzalez, Oscar A., Guest, Steve, Hatch, Nina A., Hess, Kelley M., Hoskin, Matthew J., Irwin, Mike, Knapen, Johan H., Koposov, Sergey E., Kuchner, Ulrike, Laigle, Clotilde, Lewis, Jim, Longhetti, Marcella, Lucatello, Sara, Mendez-Abreu, Jairo, Mercurio, Amata, Molaeinezhad, Alireza, Monguio, Maria, Morrison, Sean, Murphy, David N. A., de Arriba, Luis Peralta, Perez, Isabel, Perez-Rafols, Ignasi, Pico, Sergio, Raddi, Roberto, Romero-Gomez, Merce, Royer, Frederic, Siebert, Arnaud, Seabroke, George M., Som, Debopam, Terrett, David, Thomas, Guillaume, Wesson, Roger, Worley, C. Clare, Alfaro, Emilio J., Allende Prieto, Carlos, Alonso-Santiago, Javier, Amos, Nicholas J., Ashley, Richard P., Balaguer-Nunez, Lola, Balbinot, Eduardo, Bellazzini, Michele, Benn, Chris R., Berlanas, Sara R., Bernard, Edouard J., Best, Philip, Bettoni, Daniela, Bianco, Andrea, Bishop, Georgia, Blomqvist, Michael, Boeche, Corrado, Bolzonella, Micol, Bonoli, Silvia, Bosma, Albert, Britavskiy, Nikolay, Busarello, Gianni, Caffau, Elisabetta, Cantat-Gaudin, Tristan, Castro-Ginard, Alfred, Couto, Guilherme, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, Juan, Carter, David, Casamiquela, Laia, Conrado, Ana M., Corcho-Caballero, Pablo, Costantin, Luca, Deason, Alis, de Burgos, Abel, De Grandi, Sabrina, Di Matteo, Paola, Dominguez-Gomez, Jesus, Dorda, Ricardo, Drake, Alyssa, Dutta, Rajeshwari, Erkal, Denis, Feltzing, Sofia, Ferre-Mateu, Anna, Feuillet, Diane, Figueras, Francesca, Fossati, Matteo, Franciosini, Elena, Frasca, Antonio, Fumagalli, Michele, Gallazzi, Anna, Garcia-Benito, Ruben, Fusillo, Nicola Gentile, Gebran, Marwan, Gilbert, James, Gledhill, T. M., Gonzalez Delgado, Rosa M., Greimel, Robert, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Guerra, Jose, Gullieuszik, Marco, Haines, Christopher P., Hardcastle, Martin J., Harris, Amy, Haywood, Misha, Helmi, Amina, Hernandez, Nauzet, Herrero, Artemio, Hughes, Sarah, Irsic, Vid, Jablonka, Pascale, Jarvis, Matt J., Jordi, Carme, Kondapally, Rohit, Kordopatis, Georges, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, La Barbera, Francesco, Lam, Man I., Larsen, Sren S., Lemasle, Bertrand, Lewis, Ian J., Lhome, Emilie, Lind, Karin, Lodi, Marcello, Longobardi, Alessia, Lonoce, Ilaria, Magrini, Laura, Maiz Apellaniz, Jesus, Marchal, Olivier, Marco, Amparo, Martin, Nicolas F., Matsuno, Tadafumi, Maurogordato, Sophie, Merluzzi, Paola, Miralda-Escude, Jordi, Molinari, Emilio, Monari, Giacomo, Morelli, Lorenzo, Mottram, Christopher J., Naylor, Tim, Negueruela, Ignacio, Onorbe, Jose, Pancino, Elena, Peirani, Sebastien, Peletier, Reynier F., Pozzetti, Lucia, Rainer, Monica, Ramos, Pau, Read, Shaun C., Rossi, Elena Maria, Roettgering, Huub J. A., Rubino-Martin, Jose Alberto, Sabater, Jose, San Juan, Jose, Sanna, Nicoletta, Schallig, Ellen, Schiavon, Ricardo P., Schultheis, Mathias, Serra, Paolo, Shimwell, Timothy W., Simon-Diaz, Sergio, Smith, Russell J., Sordo, Rosanna, Sorini, Daniele, Soubiran, Caroline, Starkenburg, Else, Steele, Iain A., Stott, John, Stuik, Remko, Tolstoy, Eline, Tortora, Crescenzo, Tsantaki, Maria, Van der Swaelmen, Mathieu, van Weeren, Reinout J., Vergani, Daniela, Verheijen, Marc A. W., Verro, Kristiina, Vink, Jorick S., Vioque, Miguel, Walcher, C. Jakob, Walton, Nicholas A., Wegg, Christopher, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Williams, Wendy L., Wilson, Andrew J., Wright, Nicholas J., Xylakis-Dornbusch, Theodora, Youakim, Kris, Zibetti, Stefano, and Zurita, Cristina
Abstract: WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, saw first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-deg field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366-959nm at R similar to 5000, or two shorter ranges at . After summarizing the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organization, science drivers, and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for similar to 3 million stars and detailed abundances for similar to 1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey similar to 0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects, and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey similar to 400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionized gas in z < 0.5 cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in field galaxies at 0.3 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 0.7; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using >1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; and (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z > 2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE : Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

Author: Jin, Shoko, Trager, Scott C., Dalton, Gavin B., Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Drew, J. E., Falcon-Barroso, Jesus, Gaensicke, Boris T., Hill, Vanessa, Iovino, Angela, Pieri, Matthew M., Poggianti, Bianca M., Smith, D. J. B., Vallenari, Antonella, Abrams, Don Carlos, Aguado, David S., Antoja, Teresa, Aragon-Salamanca, Alfonso, Ascasibar, Yago, Babusiaux, Carine, Balcells, Marc, Barrena, R., Battaglia, Giuseppina, Belokurov, Vasily, Bensby, Thomas, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Bragaglia, Angela, Carrasco, Esperanza, Carrera, Ricardo, Cornwell, Daniel J., Dominguez-Palmero, Lilian, Duncan, Kenneth J., Famaey, Benoit, Farina, Cecilia, Gonzalez, Oscar A., Guest, Steve, Hatch, Nina A., Hess, Kelley M., Hoskin, Matthew J., Irwin, Mike, Knapen, Johan H., Koposov, Sergey E., Kuchner, Ulrike, Laigle, Clotilde, Lewis, Jim, Longhetti, Marcella, Lucatello, Sara, Mendez-Abreu, Jairo, Mercurio, Amata, Molaeinezhad, Alireza, Monguio, Maria, Morrison, Sean, Murphy, David N. A., de Arriba, Luis Peralta, Perez, Isabel, Perez-Rafols, Ignasi, Pico, Sergio, Raddi, Roberto, Romero-Gomez, Merce, Royer, Frederic, Siebert, Arnaud, Seabroke, George M., Som, Debopam, Terrett, David, Thomas, Guillaume, Wesson, Roger, Worley, C. Clare, Alfaro, Emilio J., Allende Prieto, Carlos, Alonso-Santiago, Javier, Amos, Nicholas J., Ashley, Richard P., Balaguer-Nunez, Lola, Balbinot, Eduardo, Bellazzini, Michele, Benn, Chris R., Berlanas, Sara R., Bernard, Edouard J., Best, Philip, Bettoni, Daniela, Bianco, Andrea, Bishop, Georgia, Blomqvist, Michael, Boeche, Corrado, Bolzonella, Micol, Bonoli, Silvia, Bosma, Albert, Britavskiy, Nikolay, Busarello, Gianni, Caffau, Elisabetta, Cantat-Gaudin, Tristan, Castro-Ginard, Alfred, Couto, Guilherme, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, Juan, Carter, David, Casamiquela, Laia, Conrado, Ana M., Corcho-Caballero, Pablo, Costantin, Luca, Deason, Alis, de Burgos, Abel, De Grandi, Sabrina, Di Matteo, Paola, Dominguez-Gomez, Jesus, Dorda, Ricardo, Drake, Alyssa, Dutta, Rajeshwari, Erkal, Denis, Feltzing, Sofia, Ferre-Mateu, Anna, Feuillet, Diane, Figueras, Francesca, Fossati, Matteo, Franciosini, Elena, Frasca, Antonio, Fumagalli, Michele, Gallazzi, Anna, Garcia-Benito, Ruben, Fusillo, Nicola Gentile, Gebran, Marwan, Gilbert, James, Gledhill, T. M., Gonzalez Delgado, Rosa M., Greimel, Robert, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Guerra, Jose, Gullieuszik, Marco, Haines, Christopher P., Hardcastle, Martin J., Harris, Amy, Haywood, Misha, Helmi, Amina, Hernandez, Nauzet, Herrero, Artemio, Hughes, Sarah, Irsic, Vid, Jablonka, Pascale, Jarvis, Matt J., Jordi, Carme, Kondapally, Rohit, Kordopatis, Georges, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, La Barbera, Francesco, Lam, Man I., Larsen, Sren S., Lemasle, Bertrand, Lewis, Ian J., Lhome, Emilie, Lind, Karin, Lodi, Marcello, Longobardi, Alessia, Lonoce, Ilaria, Magrini, Laura, Maiz Apellaniz, Jesus, Marchal, Olivier, Marco, Amparo, Martin, Nicolas F., Matsuno, Tadafumi, Maurogordato, Sophie, Merluzzi, Paola, Miralda-Escude, Jordi, Molinari, Emilio, Monari, Giacomo, Morelli, Lorenzo, Mottram, Christopher J., Naylor, Tim, Negueruela, Ignacio, Onorbe, Jose, Pancino, Elena, Peirani, Sebastien, Peletier, Reynier F., Pozzetti, Lucia, Rainer, Monica, Ramos, Pau, Read, Shaun C., Rossi, Elena Maria, Roettgering, Huub J. A., Rubino-Martin, Jose Alberto, Sabater, Jose, San Juan, Jose, Sanna, Nicoletta, Schallig, Ellen, Schiavon, Ricardo P., Schultheis, Mathias, Serra, Paolo, Shimwell, Timothy W., Simon-Diaz, Sergio, Smith, Russell J., Sordo, Rosanna, Sorini, Daniele, Soubiran, Caroline, Starkenburg, Else, Steele, Iain A., Stott, John, Stuik, Remko, Tolstoy, Eline, Tortora, Crescenzo, Tsantaki, Maria, Van der Swaelmen, Mathieu, van Weeren, Reinout J., Vergani, Daniela, Verheijen, Marc A. W., Verro, Kristiina, Vink, Jorick S., Vioque, Miguel, Walcher, C. Jakob, Walton, Nicholas A., Wegg, Christopher, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Williams, Wendy L., Wilson, Andrew J., Wright, Nicholas J., Xylakis-Dornbusch, Theodora, Youakim, Kris, Zibetti, Stefano, Zurita, Cristina, Jin, Shoko, Trager, Scott C., Dalton, Gavin B., Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Drew, J. E., Falcon-Barroso, Jesus, Gaensicke, Boris T., Hill, Vanessa, Iovino, Angela, Pieri, Matthew M., Poggianti, Bianca M., Smith, D. J. B., Vallenari, Antonella, Abrams, Don Carlos, Aguado, David S., Antoja, Teresa, Aragon-Salamanca, Alfonso, Ascasibar, Yago, Babusiaux, Carine, Balcells, Marc, Barrena, R., Battaglia, Giuseppina, Belokurov, Vasily, Bensby, Thomas, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Bragaglia, Angela, Carrasco, Esperanza, Carrera, Ricardo, Cornwell, Daniel J., Dominguez-Palmero, Lilian, Duncan, Kenneth J., Famaey, Benoit, Farina, Cecilia, Gonzalez, Oscar A., Guest, Steve, Hatch, Nina A., Hess, Kelley M., Hoskin, Matthew J., Irwin, Mike, Knapen, Johan H., Koposov, Sergey E., Kuchner, Ulrike, Laigle, Clotilde, Lewis, Jim, Longhetti, Marcella, Lucatello, Sara, Mendez-Abreu, Jairo, Mercurio, Amata, Molaeinezhad, Alireza, Monguio, Maria, Morrison, Sean, Murphy, David N. A., de Arriba, Luis Peralta, Perez, Isabel, Perez-Rafols, Ignasi, Pico, Sergio, Raddi, Roberto, Romero-Gomez, Merce, Royer, Frederic, Siebert, Arnaud, Seabroke, George M., Som, Debopam, Terrett, David, Thomas, Guillaume, Wesson, Roger, Worley, C. Clare, Alfaro, Emilio J., Allende Prieto, Carlos, Alonso-Santiago, Javier, Amos, Nicholas J., Ashley, Richard P., Balaguer-Nunez, Lola, Balbinot, Eduardo, Bellazzini, Michele, Benn, Chris R., Berlanas, Sara R., Bernard, Edouard J., Best, Philip, Bettoni, Daniela, Bianco, Andrea, Bishop, Georgia, Blomqvist, Michael, Boeche, Corrado, Bolzonella, Micol, Bonoli, Silvia, Bosma, Albert, Britavskiy, Nikolay, Busarello, Gianni, Caffau, Elisabetta, Cantat-Gaudin, Tristan, Castro-Ginard, Alfred, Couto, Guilherme, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, Juan, Carter, David, Casamiquela, Laia, Conrado, Ana M., Corcho-Caballero, Pablo, Costantin, Luca, Deason, Alis, de Burgos, Abel, De Grandi, Sabrina, Di Matteo, Paola, Dominguez-Gomez, Jesus, Dorda, Ricardo, Drake, Alyssa, Dutta, Rajeshwari, Erkal, Denis, Feltzing, Sofia, Ferre-Mateu, Anna, Feuillet, Diane, Figueras, Francesca, Fossati, Matteo, Franciosini, Elena, Frasca, Antonio, Fumagalli, Michele, Gallazzi, Anna, Garcia-Benito, Ruben, Fusillo, Nicola Gentile, Gebran, Marwan, Gilbert, James, Gledhill, T. M., Gonzalez Delgado, Rosa M., Greimel, Robert, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Guerra, Jose, Gullieuszik, Marco, Haines, Christopher P., Hardcastle, Martin J., Harris, Amy, Haywood, Misha, Helmi, Amina, Hernandez, Nauzet, Herrero, Artemio, Hughes, Sarah, Irsic, Vid, Jablonka, Pascale, Jarvis, Matt J., Jordi, Carme, Kondapally, Rohit, Kordopatis, Georges, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, La Barbera, Francesco, Lam, Man I., Larsen, Sren S., Lemasle, Bertrand, Lewis, Ian J., Lhome, Emilie, Lind, Karin, Lodi, Marcello, Longobardi, Alessia, Lonoce, Ilaria, Magrini, Laura, Maiz Apellaniz, Jesus, Marchal, Olivier, Marco, Amparo, Martin, Nicolas F., Matsuno, Tadafumi, Maurogordato, Sophie, Merluzzi, Paola, Miralda-Escude, Jordi, Molinari, Emilio, Monari, Giacomo, Morelli, Lorenzo, Mottram, Christopher J., Naylor, Tim, Negueruela, Ignacio, Onorbe, Jose, Pancino, Elena, Peirani, Sebastien, Peletier, Reynier F., Pozzetti, Lucia, Rainer, Monica, Ramos, Pau, Read, Shaun C., Rossi, Elena Maria, Roettgering, Huub J. A., Rubino-Martin, Jose Alberto, Sabater, Jose, San Juan, Jose, Sanna, Nicoletta, Schallig, Ellen, Schiavon, Ricardo P., Schultheis, Mathias, Serra, Paolo, Shimwell, Timothy W., Simon-Diaz, Sergio, Smith, Russell J., Sordo, Rosanna, Sorini, Daniele, Soubiran, Caroline, Starkenburg, Else, Steele, Iain A., Stott, John, Stuik, Remko, Tolstoy, Eline, Tortora, Crescenzo, Tsantaki, Maria, Van der Swaelmen, Mathieu, van Weeren, Reinout J., Vergani, Daniela, Verheijen, Marc A. W., Verro, Kristiina, Vink, Jorick S., Vioque, Miguel, Walcher, C. Jakob, Walton, Nicholas A., Wegg, Christopher, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Williams, Wendy L., Wilson, Andrew J., Wright, Nicholas J., Xylakis-Dornbusch, Theodora, Youakim, Kris, Zibetti, Stefano, and Zurita, Cristina
Abstract: WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, saw first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-deg field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366-959nm at R similar to 5000, or two shorter ranges at . After summarizing the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organization, science drivers, and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for similar to 3 million stars and detailed abundances for similar to 1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey similar to 0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects, and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey similar to 400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionized gas in z < 0.5 cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in field galaxies at 0.3 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 0.7; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using >1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; and (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z > 2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE : Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

Author: Jin, Shoko, Trager, Scott C., Dalton, Gavin B., Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Drew, J. E., Falcon-Barroso, Jesus, Gaensicke, Boris T., Hill, Vanessa, Iovino, Angela, Pieri, Matthew M., Poggianti, Bianca M., Smith, D. J. B., Vallenari, Antonella, Abrams, Don Carlos, Aguado, David S., Antoja, Teresa, Aragon-Salamanca, Alfonso, Ascasibar, Yago, Babusiaux, Carine, Balcells, Marc, Barrena, R., Battaglia, Giuseppina, Belokurov, Vasily, Bensby, Thomas, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Bragaglia, Angela, Carrasco, Esperanza, Carrera, Ricardo, Cornwell, Daniel J., Dominguez-Palmero, Lilian, Duncan, Kenneth J., Famaey, Benoit, Farina, Cecilia, Gonzalez, Oscar A., Guest, Steve, Hatch, Nina A., Hess, Kelley M., Hoskin, Matthew J., Irwin, Mike, Knapen, Johan H., Koposov, Sergey E., Kuchner, Ulrike, Laigle, Clotilde, Lewis, Jim, Longhetti, Marcella, Lucatello, Sara, Mendez-Abreu, Jairo, Mercurio, Amata, Molaeinezhad, Alireza, Monguio, Maria, Morrison, Sean, Murphy, David N. A., de Arriba, Luis Peralta, Perez, Isabel, Perez-Rafols, Ignasi, Pico, Sergio, Raddi, Roberto, Romero-Gomez, Merce, Royer, Frederic, Siebert, Arnaud, Seabroke, George M., Som, Debopam, Terrett, David, Thomas, Guillaume, Wesson, Roger, Worley, C. Clare, Alfaro, Emilio J., Allende Prieto, Carlos, Alonso-Santiago, Javier, Amos, Nicholas J., Ashley, Richard P., Balaguer-Nunez, Lola, Balbinot, Eduardo, Bellazzini, Michele, Benn, Chris R., Berlanas, Sara R., Bernard, Edouard J., Best, Philip, Bettoni, Daniela, Bianco, Andrea, Bishop, Georgia, Blomqvist, Michael, Boeche, Corrado, Bolzonella, Micol, Bonoli, Silvia, Bosma, Albert, Britavskiy, Nikolay, Busarello, Gianni, Caffau, Elisabetta, Cantat-Gaudin, Tristan, Castro-Ginard, Alfred, Couto, Guilherme, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, Juan, Carter, David, Casamiquela, Laia, Conrado, Ana M., Corcho-Caballero, Pablo, Costantin, Luca, Deason, Alis, de Burgos, Abel, De Grandi, Sabrina, Di Matteo, Paola, Dominguez-Gomez, Jesus, Dorda, Ricardo, Drake, Alyssa, Dutta, Rajeshwari, Erkal, Denis, Feltzing, Sofia, Ferre-Mateu, Anna, Feuillet, Diane, Figueras, Francesca, Fossati, Matteo, Franciosini, Elena, Frasca, Antonio, Fumagalli, Michele, Gallazzi, Anna, Garcia-Benito, Ruben, Fusillo, Nicola Gentile, Gebran, Marwan, Gilbert, James, Gledhill, T. M., Gonzalez Delgado, Rosa M., Greimel, Robert, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Guerra, Jose, Gullieuszik, Marco, Haines, Christopher P., Hardcastle, Martin J., Harris, Amy, Haywood, Misha, Helmi, Amina, Hernandez, Nauzet, Herrero, Artemio, Hughes, Sarah, Irsic, Vid, Jablonka, Pascale, Jarvis, Matt J., Jordi, Carme, Kondapally, Rohit, Kordopatis, Georges, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, La Barbera, Francesco, Lam, Man I., Larsen, Sren S., Lemasle, Bertrand, Lewis, Ian J., Lhome, Emilie, Lind, Karin, Lodi, Marcello, Longobardi, Alessia, Lonoce, Ilaria, Magrini, Laura, Maiz Apellaniz, Jesus, Marchal, Olivier, Marco, Amparo, Martin, Nicolas F., Matsuno, Tadafumi, Maurogordato, Sophie, Merluzzi, Paola, Miralda-Escude, Jordi, Molinari, Emilio, Monari, Giacomo, Morelli, Lorenzo, Mottram, Christopher J., Naylor, Tim, Negueruela, Ignacio, Onorbe, Jose, Pancino, Elena, Peirani, Sebastien, Peletier, Reynier F., Pozzetti, Lucia, Rainer, Monica, Ramos, Pau, Read, Shaun C., Rossi, Elena Maria, Roettgering, Huub J. A., Rubino-Martin, Jose Alberto, Sabater, Jose, San Juan, Jose, Sanna, Nicoletta, Schallig, Ellen, Schiavon, Ricardo P., Schultheis, Mathias, Serra, Paolo, Shimwell, Timothy W., Simon-Diaz, Sergio, Smith, Russell J., Sordo, Rosanna, Sorini, Daniele, Soubiran, Caroline, Starkenburg, Else, Steele, Iain A., Stott, John, Stuik, Remko, Tolstoy, Eline, Tortora, Crescenzo, Tsantaki, Maria, Van der Swaelmen, Mathieu, van Weeren, Reinout J., Vergani, Daniela, Verheijen, Marc A. W., Verro, Kristiina, Vink, Jorick S., Vioque, Miguel, Walcher, C. Jakob, Walton, Nicholas A., Wegg, Christopher, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Williams, Wendy L., Wilson, Andrew J., Wright, Nicholas J., Xylakis-Dornbusch, Theodora, Youakim, Kris, Zibetti, Stefano, Zurita, Cristina, Jin, Shoko, Trager, Scott C., Dalton, Gavin B., Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Drew, J. E., Falcon-Barroso, Jesus, Gaensicke, Boris T., Hill, Vanessa, Iovino, Angela, Pieri, Matthew M., Poggianti, Bianca M., Smith, D. J. B., Vallenari, Antonella, Abrams, Don Carlos, Aguado, David S., Antoja, Teresa, Aragon-Salamanca, Alfonso, Ascasibar, Yago, Babusiaux, Carine, Balcells, Marc, Barrena, R., Battaglia, Giuseppina, Belokurov, Vasily, Bensby, Thomas, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Bragaglia, Angela, Carrasco, Esperanza, Carrera, Ricardo, Cornwell, Daniel J., Dominguez-Palmero, Lilian, Duncan, Kenneth J., Famaey, Benoit, Farina, Cecilia, Gonzalez, Oscar A., Guest, Steve, Hatch, Nina A., Hess, Kelley M., Hoskin, Matthew J., Irwin, Mike, Knapen, Johan H., Koposov, Sergey E., Kuchner, Ulrike, Laigle, Clotilde, Lewis, Jim, Longhetti, Marcella, Lucatello, Sara, Mendez-Abreu, Jairo, Mercurio, Amata, Molaeinezhad, Alireza, Monguio, Maria, Morrison, Sean, Murphy, David N. A., de Arriba, Luis Peralta, Perez, Isabel, Perez-Rafols, Ignasi, Pico, Sergio, Raddi, Roberto, Romero-Gomez, Merce, Royer, Frederic, Siebert, Arnaud, Seabroke, George M., Som, Debopam, Terrett, David, Thomas, Guillaume, Wesson, Roger, Worley, C. Clare, Alfaro, Emilio J., Allende Prieto, Carlos, Alonso-Santiago, Javier, Amos, Nicholas J., Ashley, Richard P., Balaguer-Nunez, Lola, Balbinot, Eduardo, Bellazzini, Michele, Benn, Chris R., Berlanas, Sara R., Bernard, Edouard J., Best, Philip, Bettoni, Daniela, Bianco, Andrea, Bishop, Georgia, Blomqvist, Michael, Boeche, Corrado, Bolzonella, Micol, Bonoli, Silvia, Bosma, Albert, Britavskiy, Nikolay, Busarello, Gianni, Caffau, Elisabetta, Cantat-Gaudin, Tristan, Castro-Ginard, Alfred, Couto, Guilherme, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, Juan, Carter, David, Casamiquela, Laia, Conrado, Ana M., Corcho-Caballero, Pablo, Costantin, Luca, Deason, Alis, de Burgos, Abel, De Grandi, Sabrina, Di Matteo, Paola, Dominguez-Gomez, Jesus, Dorda, Ricardo, Drake, Alyssa, Dutta, Rajeshwari, Erkal, Denis, Feltzing, Sofia, Ferre-Mateu, Anna, Feuillet, Diane, Figueras, Francesca, Fossati, Matteo, Franciosini, Elena, Frasca, Antonio, Fumagalli, Michele, Gallazzi, Anna, Garcia-Benito, Ruben, Fusillo, Nicola Gentile, Gebran, Marwan, Gilbert, James, Gledhill, T. M., Gonzalez Delgado, Rosa M., Greimel, Robert, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Guerra, Jose, Gullieuszik, Marco, Haines, Christopher P., Hardcastle, Martin J., Harris, Amy, Haywood, Misha, Helmi, Amina, Hernandez, Nauzet, Herrero, Artemio, Hughes, Sarah, Irsic, Vid, Jablonka, Pascale, Jarvis, Matt J., Jordi, Carme, Kondapally, Rohit, Kordopatis, Georges, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, La Barbera, Francesco, Lam, Man I., Larsen, Sren S., Lemasle, Bertrand, Lewis, Ian J., Lhome, Emilie, Lind, Karin, Lodi, Marcello, Longobardi, Alessia, Lonoce, Ilaria, Magrini, Laura, Maiz Apellaniz, Jesus, Marchal, Olivier, Marco, Amparo, Martin, Nicolas F., Matsuno, Tadafumi, Maurogordato, Sophie, Merluzzi, Paola, Miralda-Escude, Jordi, Molinari, Emilio, Monari, Giacomo, Morelli, Lorenzo, Mottram, Christopher J., Naylor, Tim, Negueruela, Ignacio, Onorbe, Jose, Pancino, Elena, Peirani, Sebastien, Peletier, Reynier F., Pozzetti, Lucia, Rainer, Monica, Ramos, Pau, Read, Shaun C., Rossi, Elena Maria, Roettgering, Huub J. A., Rubino-Martin, Jose Alberto, Sabater, Jose, San Juan, Jose, Sanna, Nicoletta, Schallig, Ellen, Schiavon, Ricardo P., Schultheis, Mathias, Serra, Paolo, Shimwell, Timothy W., Simon-Diaz, Sergio, Smith, Russell J., Sordo, Rosanna, Sorini, Daniele, Soubiran, Caroline, Starkenburg, Else, Steele, Iain A., Stott, John, Stuik, Remko, Tolstoy, Eline, Tortora, Crescenzo, Tsantaki, Maria, Van der Swaelmen, Mathieu, van Weeren, Reinout J., Vergani, Daniela, Verheijen, Marc A. W., Verro, Kristiina, Vink, Jorick S., Vioque, Miguel, Walcher, C. Jakob, Walton, Nicholas A., Wegg, Christopher, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Williams, Wendy L., Wilson, Andrew J., Wright, Nicholas J., Xylakis-Dornbusch, Theodora, Youakim, Kris, Zibetti, Stefano, and Zurita, Cristina
Abstract: WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, saw first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-deg field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366-959nm at R similar to 5000, or two shorter ranges at . After summarizing the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organization, science drivers, and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for similar to 3 million stars and detailed abundances for similar to 1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey similar to 0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects, and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey similar to 400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionized gas in z < 0.5 cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in field galaxies at 0.3 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 0.7; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using >1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; and (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z > 2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. The dynamical state of bars in cluster dwarf galaxies: The cases of NGC 4483 and NGC 4516

Author: Cuomo, Virginia, Morelli, Lorenzo, Aguerri, J Alfonso L, Corsini, Enrico Maria, Debattista, Victor P, Coccato, Lodovico, Pizzella, Alessandro, Boselli, Alessandro, Buttitta, Chiara, de Lorenzo-Cáceres, Adriana, Ferrarese, Laura, Gasparri, Daniele, Lee, Yun Hee, Mendez-Abreu, Jairo, Roediger, Joel, Zarattini, Stefano, Cuomo, Virginia, Morelli, Lorenzo, Aguerri, J Alfonso L, Corsini, Enrico Maria, Debattista, Victor P, Coccato, Lodovico, Pizzella, Alessandro, Boselli, Alessandro, Buttitta, Chiara, de Lorenzo-Cáceres, Adriana, Ferrarese, Laura, Gasparri, Daniele, Lee, Yun Hee, Mendez-Abreu, Jairo, Roediger, Joel, and Zarattini, Stefano
Abstract: Dwarf barred galaxies are the perfect candidates for hosting slowly-rotating bars. They are common in dense environments and they have a relatively shallow potential well, making them prone to heating by interactions. When an interaction induces bar formation, the bar should rotate slowly. They reside in massive and centrally-concentrated dark matter halos, which slow down the bar rotation through dynamical friction. While predictions suggest that slow bars should be common, measurements of bar pattern speed, using the Tremaine-Weinberg method, show that bars are mostly fast in the local Universe. We present a photometric and kinematic characterisation of bars hosted by two dwarf galaxies in the Virgo Cluster, NGC 4483 and NGC 4516. We derive the bar length and strength using the Next Generation Virgo Survey imaging and the circular velocity, bar pattern speed, and rotation rate using spectroscopy from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer. Including the previously studied galaxy IC 3167, we compare the bar properties of the three dwarf galaxies with those of their massive counterparts from literature. Bars in the dwarf galaxies are shorter and weaker, and rotate slightly slower with respect to those in massive galaxies. This could be due to a different bar formation mechanism and/or to a large dark matter fraction in the centre of dwarf galaxies. We show that it is possible to push the application of the Tremaine-Weinberg method to the galaxy low mass regime.
Published: 2024
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9. The dynamical state of bars in cluster dwarf galaxies: The cases of NGC 4483 and NGC 4516

Author: Cuomo, Virginia, Morelli, Lorenzo, Aguerri, J Alfonso L, Corsini, Enrico Maria, Debattista, Victor P, Coccato, Lodovico, Pizzella, Alessandro, Boselli, Alessandro, Buttitta, Chiara, de Lorenzo-Cáceres, Adriana, Ferrarese, Laura, Gasparri, Daniele, Lee, Yun Hee, Mendez-Abreu, Jairo, Roediger, Joel, Zarattini, Stefano, Cuomo, Virginia, Morelli, Lorenzo, Aguerri, J Alfonso L, Corsini, Enrico Maria, Debattista, Victor P, Coccato, Lodovico, Pizzella, Alessandro, Boselli, Alessandro, Buttitta, Chiara, de Lorenzo-Cáceres, Adriana, Ferrarese, Laura, Gasparri, Daniele, Lee, Yun Hee, Mendez-Abreu, Jairo, Roediger, Joel, and Zarattini, Stefano
Abstract: Dwarf barred galaxies are the perfect candidates for hosting slowly-rotating bars. They are common in dense environments and they have a relatively shallow potential well, making them prone to heating by interactions. When an interaction induces bar formation, the bar should rotate slowly. They reside in massive and centrally-concentrated dark matter halos, which slow down the bar rotation through dynamical friction. While predictions suggest that slow bars should be common, measurements of bar pattern speed, using the Tremaine-Weinberg method, show that bars are mostly fast in the local Universe. We present a photometric and kinematic characterisation of bars hosted by two dwarf galaxies in the Virgo Cluster, NGC 4483 and NGC 4516. We derive the bar length and strength using the Next Generation Virgo Survey imaging and the circular velocity, bar pattern speed, and rotation rate using spectroscopy from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer. Including the previously studied galaxy IC 3167, we compare the bar properties of the three dwarf galaxies with those of their massive counterparts from literature. Bars in the dwarf galaxies are shorter and weaker, and rotate slightly slower with respect to those in massive galaxies. This could be due to a different bar formation mechanism and/or to a large dark matter fraction in the centre of dwarf galaxies. We show that it is possible to push the application of the Tremaine-Weinberg method to the galaxy low mass regime.
Published: 2024
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10. Not all sources of uncertainty are worth resolving: A value of information approach for uncertainty reduction in flood risk management

Author: Velandia, J. Alfonso, L. and Velandia, J. Alfonso, L.
Abstract: Flood risk management faces challenging decisions to balance between reducing disastrous flood consequences and different societal goals such as development. The inherent complexity and limited data often lead to significant uncertainties in decision-making, potentially resulting in suboptimal resource allocation. Consequently, there may be value in aiming to reduce uncertainty, minimizing the possibility of selecting deemed efficient decisions because of deficiencies in the current knowledge. To address this, a novel methodology is proposed, integrating Bayesian uncertainty with value of information concepts, commonly employed in healthcare economics. This methodology assesses the implications of current uncertainty and identifies worthwhile sources for resolution prior making decisions. Validation in a synthetic case study and application in a real case (Zapayan wetland in the Magdalena River, Colombia) demonstrate the method's efficacy. Results show that the proposed method can help apprising if the available information is enough to make a decision, or if more information should be obtained. For example, for the synthetic case, resolving the sources of uncertainty with extra information does not significantly improve the expected utility, so a decision could be made based on existing information. For the real case, reducing the uncertainty related to the exposed assets should be targeted first, by an information gathering activity, before deciding.
Published: 2024
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11. Hydrogeomorphological approach for flood analyses at high- detailed scale: Narrow rivers with broad complex alluvial plains

Author: Lombana, L. Bhattacharya, B. Alfonso, L. Martínez-Graña, A. and Lombana, L. Bhattacharya, B. Alfonso, L. Martínez-Graña, A.
Abstract: Fluvial flood risk management requires precise knowledge of flooding processes; thus, there is a need to carry out a detailed hydrological, hydraulic, and geomorphologic analysis to understand floods and the factors that influence them. Although the integration of geomorphological methods and hydrological-hydraulic modelling is known to be crucial for flood risk analysis, it remains a challenge to apply these approaches to the understanding of floods in small and medium-sized catchments, focusing on complex fluvial systems that have been highly modified. In this work, a hydrogeomorphological methodology was developed to analyse fluvial floods in narrow rivers with broad complex alluvial plains. The procedure comprises different phases that combine hydrologic-hydraulic modelling and a geomorphological break-down. Critically, this allows for a detailed analysis of existing relationships among erosional and depositional fluvial landforms and hydraulic parameters, comprising geometric sections, discharges, depths, flood extents and, therefore, flood hazards. The approach involves the analysis of specific flood events beforehand and the study of fluvial floods associated with different probabilities of occurrence afterwards. The information employed in the present study incorporates high- detailed inputs comprising hourly time series of hydrometeorological data, LiDAR data to extract high-precision terrain information, fluvial geomorphic maps and flood event extents based on Sentinel-2 imagery. We demonstrate this methodology in the Carrión River, located in the province of Palencia, Spain, whose characteristics include a wide complex alluvial plain, reaches highly modified by anthropic interventions and recurrent flood episodes. This hydrogeomorphological approach allowed the integration of geomorphological knowledge and hydrologic-hydraulic modelling in flood analysis. As a result, it led to a deeper comprehension of the processes of inundation, which would be challeng
Published: 2024
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12. A Multi-step Data Assimilation Framework to Investigate the Effect of Measurement Uncertainty in the Reduction of Water Distribution Network Model Errors

Author: Fayaz, I. M. Castro-Gama, M. Alfonso, L. and Fayaz, I. M. Castro-Gama, M. Alfonso, L.
Abstract: Water distribution network (WDN) models are a common decision support tool for understanding the behavior and performance of WDNs, aiding in the planning and management of WDN systems. The increasing availability of real-time data has recently promoted the exploration of Data Assimilation (DA) techniques to improve these models. However, flow, pressure and demand data are uncertain, particularly due to sensor characteristics such as precision and noise. An open question is to what extent DA can still improve hydraulic models when the data used to this end is uncertain. This paper proposes a three-step Ensemble Kalman Filter based DA approach for WDNs (3-EnKF-WDN), building on previous approaches, and advancing in two main fronts: the use of extended period simulation, and the use of pressure-dependent demand (PDD) analysis. Different scenarios considering uncertain sensor data, with varied precision and noise, are applied to two networks of different sizes, representative of real-world WDNs. The computational demand of the 3-EnKF-WDN method is also assessed. Results show that increasing sensor’s precision and decreasing the noise in state measurements reduce model error, as expected. However, we also found that model errors: 1) are reduced more effectively by using 3-EnKF-WDN than by increasing sensors’ precision; 2) are not reduced if certain noise thresholds are surpassed; 3) can be reduced without assimilating demand data if the WDNs are fully monitored with head sensors in all the nodes and flow sensors in all the links.
Published: 2024
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13. Using unsupervised learning to classify inlet water for more stable design of water reuse in industrial parks

Author: Chen, K. Shi, X. Zhang, Z. Chen, S. Ma, J. Zheng, T. Alfonso, L. and Chen, K. Shi, X. Zhang, Z. Chen, S. Ma, J. Zheng, T. Alfonso, L.
Abstract: The water reuse facilities of industrial parks face the challenge of managing a growing variety of wastewater sources as their inlet water. Typically, this clustering outcome is designed by engineers with extensive expertise. This paper presents an innovative application of unsupervised learning methods to classify inlet water in Chinese water reuse stations, aiming to reduce reliance on engineer experience. The concept of ‘water quality distance’ was incorporated into three unsupervised learning clustering algorithms (K-means, DBSCAN, and AGNES), which were validated through six case studies. Of the six cases, three were employed to illustrate the feasibility of the unsupervised learning clustering algorithm. The results indicated that the clustering algorithm exhibited greater stability and excellence compared to both artificial clustering and ChatGPT-based clustering. The remaining three cases were utilized to showcase the reliability of the three clustering algorithms. The findings revealed that the AGNES algorithm demonstrated superior potential application ability. The average purity in six cases of K-means, DBSCAN, and AGNES were 0.947, 0.852, and 0.955, respectively.
Published: 2024
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14. The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

Author: Jin, S, Trager, S, Dalton, G, Aguerri, J, Drew, J, Falcón-Barroso, J, Gänsicke, B, Hill, V, Iovino, A, Pieri, M, Poggianti, B, Smith, D, Vallenari, A, Abrams, D, Aguado, D, Antoja, T, Aragón-Salamanca, A, Ascasibar, Y, Babusiaux, C, Balcells, M, Barrena, R, Battaglia, G, Belokurov, V, Bensby, T, Bonifacio, P, Bragaglia, A, Carrasco, E, Carrera, R, Cornwell, D, Domínguez-Palmero, L, Duncan, K, Famaey, B, Fari na, C, Gonzalez, O, Guest, S, Hatch, N, Hess, K, Hoskin, M, Irwin, M, Knapen, J, Koposov, S, Kuchner, U, Laigle, C, Lewis, J, Longhetti, M, Lucatello, S, Méndez-Abreu, J, Mercurio, A, Molaeinezhad, A, Monguió, M, Morrison, S, Murphy, D, de Arriba, L, Pérez, I, Pérez-Ràfols, I, Picó, S, Raddi, R, Romero-Gómez, M, Royer, F, Siebert, A, Seabroke, G, Som, D, Terrett, D, Thomas, G, Wesson, R, Worley, C, Alfaro, E, Prieto, C, Alonso-Santiago, J, Amos, N, Ashley, R, Balaguer-Nú nez, L, Balbinot, E, Bellazzini, M, Benn, C, Berlanas, S, Bernard, E, Best, P, Bettoni, D, Bianco, A, Bishop, G, Blomqvist, M, Boeche, C, Bolzonella, M, Bonoli, S, Bosma, A, Britavskiy, N, Busarello, G, Caffau, E, Cantat-Gaudin, T, Castro-Ginard, A, Couto, G, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, J, Carter, D, Casamiquela, L, Conrado, A, Corcho-Caballero, P, Costantin, L, Deason, A, de Burgos, A, De Grandi, S, Di Matteo, P, Domínguez-Gómez, J, Dorda, R, Drake, A, Dutta, R, Erkal, D, Feltzing, S, Ferré-Mateu, A, Feuillet, D, Figueras, F, Fossati, M, Franciosini, E, Frasca, A, Fumagalli, M, Gallazzi, A, García-Benito, R, Fusillo, N, Gebran, M, Gilbert, J, Gledhill, T, Delgado, R, Greimel, R, Guarcello, M, Guerra, J, Gullieuszik, M, Haines, C, Hardcastle, M, Harris, A, Haywood, M, Helmi, A, Hernandez, N, Herrero, A, Hughes, S, Irsic, V, Jablonka, P, Jarvis, M, Jordi, C, Kondapally, R, Kordopatis, G, Krogager, J, Barbera, F, Lam, M, Larsen, S, Lemasle, B, Lewis, I, Lhomé, E, Lind, K, Lodi, M, Longobardi, A, Lonoce, I, Magrini, L, Apellániz, J, Marchal, O, Marco, A, Martin, N, Matsuno, T, Maurogordato, S, Merluzzi, P, Miralda-Escudé, J, Molinari, E, Monari, G, Morelli, L, Mottram, C, Naylor, T, Negueruela, I, Onorbe, J, Pancino, E, Peirani, S, Peletier, R, Pozzetti, L, Rainer, M, Ramos, P, Read, S, Rossi, E, Röttgering, H, Rubi no-Martín, J, Montes, J, Juan, J, Sanna, N, Schallig, E, Schiavon, R, Schultheis, M, Serra, P, Shimwell, T, Simón-Díaz, S, Smith, R, Sordo, R, Sorini, D, Soubiran, C, Starkenburg, E, Steele, I, Stott, J, Stuik, R, Tolstoy, E, Tortora, C, Tsantaki, M, Van der Swaelmen, M, van Weeren, R, Vergani, D, Verheijen, M, Verro, K, Vink, J, Vioque, M, Walcher, C, Walton, N, Wegg, C, Weijmans, A, Williams, W, Wilson, A, Wright, N, Xylakis-Dornbusch, T, Youakim, K, Zibetti, S, Zurita, C, Jin, Shoko, Trager, Scott C, Dalton, Gavin B, Aguerri, J Alfonso L, Drew, J E, Falcón-Barroso, Jesús, Gänsicke, Boris T, Hill, Vanessa, Iovino, Angela, Pieri, Matthew M, Poggianti, Bianca M, Smith, D J B, Vallenari, Antonella, Abrams, Don Carlos, Aguado, David S, Antoja, Teresa, Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso, Ascasibar, Yago, Babusiaux, Carine, Balcells, Marc, Battaglia, Giuseppina, Belokurov, Vasily, Bensby, Thomas, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Bragaglia, Angela, Carrasco, Esperanza, Carrera, Ricardo, Cornwell, Daniel J, Domínguez-Palmero, Lilian, Duncan, Kenneth J, Famaey, Benoit, Fari na, Cecilia, Gonzalez, Oscar A, Guest, Steve, Hatch, Nina A, Hess, Kelley M, Hoskin, Matthew J, Irwin, Mike, Knapen, Johan H, Koposov, Sergey E, Kuchner, Ulrike, Laigle, Clotilde, Lewis, Jim, Longhetti, Marcella, Lucatello, Sara, Méndez-Abreu, Jairo, Mercurio, Amata, Molaeinezhad, Alireza, Monguió, Maria, Morrison, Sean, Murphy, David N A, de Arriba, Luis Peralta, Pérez, Isabel, Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi, Picó, Sergio, Raddi, Roberto, Romero-Gómez, Mercè, Royer, Frédéric, Siebert, Arnaud, Seabroke, George M, Som, Debopam, Terrett, David, Thomas, Guillaume, Wesson, Roger, Worley, C Clare, Alfaro, Emilio J, Prieto, Carlos Allende, Alonso-Santiago, Javier, Amos, Nicholas J, Ashley, Richard P, Balaguer-Nú nez, Lola, Balbinot, Eduardo, Bellazzini, Michele, Benn, Chris R, Berlanas, Sara R, Bernard, Edouard J, Best, Philip, Bettoni, Daniela, Bianco, Andrea, Bishop, Georgia, Blomqvist, Michael, Boeche, Corrado, Bolzonella, Micol, Bonoli, Silvia, Bosma, Albert, Britavskiy, Nikolay, Busarello, Gianni, Caffau, Elisabetta, Cantat-Gaudin, Tristan, Castro-Ginard, Alfred, Couto, Guilherme, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, Juan, Carter, David, Casamiquela, Laia, Conrado, Ana M, Corcho-Caballero, Pablo, Costantin, Luca, Deason, Alis, de Burgos, Abel, De Grandi, Sabrina, Di Matteo, Paola, Domínguez-Gómez, Jesús, Dorda, Ricardo, Drake, Alyssa, Dutta, Rajeshwari, Erkal, Denis, Feltzing, Sofia, Ferré-Mateu, Anna, Feuillet, Diane, Figueras, Francesca, Fossati, Matteo, Franciosini, Elena, Frasca, Antonio, Fumagalli, Michele, Gallazzi, Anna, García-Benito, Rubén, Fusillo, Nicola Gentile, Gebran, Marwan, Gilbert, James, Gledhill, T M, Delgado, Rosa M González, Greimel, Robert, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Guerra, Jose, Gullieuszik, Marco, Haines, Christopher P, Hardcastle, Martin J, Harris, Amy, Haywood, Misha, Helmi, Amina, Hernandez, Nauzet, Herrero, Artemio, Hughes, Sarah, Irsic, Vid, Jablonka, Pascale, Jarvis, Matt J, Jordi, Carme, Kondapally, Rohit, Kordopatis, Georges, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, Barbera, Francesco La, Lam, Man I, Larsen, Søren S, Lemasle, Bertrand, Lewis, Ian J, Lhomé, Emilie, Lind, Karin, Lodi, Marcello, Longobardi, Alessia, Lonoce, Ilaria, Magrini, Laura, Apellániz, Jesús Maíz, Marchal, Olivier, Marco, Amparo, Martin, Nicolas F, Matsuno, Tadafumi, Maurogordato, Sophie, Merluzzi, Paola, Miralda-Escudé, Jordi, Molinari, Emilio, Monari, Giacomo, Morelli, Lorenzo, Mottram, Christopher J, Naylor, Tim, Negueruela, Ignacio, Onorbe, Jose, Pancino, Elena, Peirani, Sébastien, Peletier, Reynier F, Pozzetti, Lucia, Rainer, Monica, Ramos, Pau, Read, Shaun C, Rossi, Elena Maria, Röttgering, Huub J A, Rubi no-Martín, Jose Alberto, Montes, Jose Sabater, Juan, José San, Sanna, Nicoletta, Schallig, Ellen, Schiavon, Ricardo P, Schultheis, Mathias, Serra, Paolo, Shimwell, Timothy W, Simón-Díaz, Sergio, Smith, Russell J, Sordo, Rosanna, Sorini, Daniele, Soubiran, Caroline, Starkenburg, Else, Steele, Iain A, Stott, John, Stuik, Remko, Tolstoy, Eline, Tortora, Crescenzo, Tsantaki, Maria, Van der Swaelmen, Mathieu, van Weeren, Reinout J, Vergani, Daniela, Verheijen, Marc A W, Verro, Kristiina, Vink, Jorick S, Vioque, Miguel, Walcher, C Jakob, Walton, Nicholas A, Wegg, Christopher, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Williams, Wendy L, Wilson, Andrew J, Wright, Nicholas J, Xylakis-Dornbusch, Theodora, Youakim, Kris, Zibetti, Stefano, Zurita, Cristina, Jin, S, Trager, S, Dalton, G, Aguerri, J, Drew, J, Falcón-Barroso, J, Gänsicke, B, Hill, V, Iovino, A, Pieri, M, Poggianti, B, Smith, D, Vallenari, A, Abrams, D, Aguado, D, Antoja, T, Aragón-Salamanca, A, Ascasibar, Y, Babusiaux, C, Balcells, M, Barrena, R, Battaglia, G, Belokurov, V, Bensby, T, Bonifacio, P, Bragaglia, A, Carrasco, E, Carrera, R, Cornwell, D, Domínguez-Palmero, L, Duncan, K, Famaey, B, Fari na, C, Gonzalez, O, Guest, S, Hatch, N, Hess, K, Hoskin, M, Irwin, M, Knapen, J, Koposov, S, Kuchner, U, Laigle, C, Lewis, J, Longhetti, M, Lucatello, S, Méndez-Abreu, J, Mercurio, A, Molaeinezhad, A, Monguió, M, Morrison, S, Murphy, D, de Arriba, L, Pérez, I, Pérez-Ràfols, I, Picó, S, Raddi, R, Romero-Gómez, M, Royer, F, Siebert, A, Seabroke, G, Som, D, Terrett, D, Thomas, G, Wesson, R, Worley, C, Alfaro, E, Prieto, C, Alonso-Santiago, J, Amos, N, Ashley, R, Balaguer-Nú nez, L, Balbinot, E, Bellazzini, M, Benn, C, Berlanas, S, Bernard, E, Best, P, Bettoni, D, Bianco, A, Bishop, G, Blomqvist, M, Boeche, C, Bolzonella, M, Bonoli, S, Bosma, A, Britavskiy, N, Busarello, G, Caffau, E, Cantat-Gaudin, T, Castro-Ginard, A, Couto, G, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, J, Carter, D, Casamiquela, L, Conrado, A, Corcho-Caballero, P, Costantin, L, Deason, A, de Burgos, A, De Grandi, S, Di Matteo, P, Domínguez-Gómez, J, Dorda, R, Drake, A, Dutta, R, Erkal, D, Feltzing, S, Ferré-Mateu, A, Feuillet, D, Figueras, F, Fossati, M, Franciosini, E, Frasca, A, Fumagalli, M, Gallazzi, A, García-Benito, R, Fusillo, N, Gebran, M, Gilbert, J, Gledhill, T, Delgado, R, Greimel, R, Guarcello, M, Guerra, J, Gullieuszik, M, Haines, C, Hardcastle, M, Harris, A, Haywood, M, Helmi, A, Hernandez, N, Herrero, A, Hughes, S, Irsic, V, Jablonka, P, Jarvis, M, Jordi, C, Kondapally, R, Kordopatis, G, Krogager, J, Barbera, F, Lam, M, Larsen, S, Lemasle, B, Lewis, I, Lhomé, E, Lind, K, Lodi, M, Longobardi, A, Lonoce, I, Magrini, L, Apellániz, J, Marchal, O, Marco, A, Martin, N, Matsuno, T, Maurogordato, S, Merluzzi, P, Miralda-Escudé, J, Molinari, E, Monari, G, Morelli, L, Mottram, C, Naylor, T, Negueruela, I, Onorbe, J, Pancino, E, Peirani, S, Peletier, R, Pozzetti, L, Rainer, M, Ramos, P, Read, S, Rossi, E, Röttgering, H, Rubi no-Martín, J, Montes, J, Juan, J, Sanna, N, Schallig, E, Schiavon, R, Schultheis, M, Serra, P, Shimwell, T, Simón-Díaz, S, Smith, R, Sordo, R, Sorini, D, Soubiran, C, Starkenburg, E, Steele, I, Stott, J, Stuik, R, Tolstoy, E, Tortora, C, Tsantaki, M, Van der Swaelmen, M, van Weeren, R, Vergani, D, Verheijen, M, Verro, K, Vink, J, Vioque, M, Walcher, C, Walton, N, Wegg, C, Weijmans, A, Williams, W, Wilson, A, Wright, N, Xylakis-Dornbusch, T, Youakim, K, Zibetti, S, Zurita, C, Jin, Shoko, Trager, Scott C, Dalton, Gavin B, Aguerri, J Alfonso L, Drew, J E, Falcón-Barroso, Jesús, Gänsicke, Boris T, Hill, Vanessa, Iovino, Angela, Pieri, Matthew M, Poggianti, Bianca M, Smith, D J B, Vallenari, Antonella, Abrams, Don Carlos, Aguado, David S, Antoja, Teresa, Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso, Ascasibar, Yago, Babusiaux, Carine, Balcells, Marc, Battaglia, Giuseppina, Belokurov, Vasily, Bensby, Thomas, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Bragaglia, Angela, Carrasco, Esperanza, Carrera, Ricardo, Cornwell, Daniel J, Domínguez-Palmero, Lilian, Duncan, Kenneth J, Famaey, Benoit, Fari na, Cecilia, Gonzalez, Oscar A, Guest, Steve, Hatch, Nina A, Hess, Kelley M, Hoskin, Matthew J, Irwin, Mike, Knapen, Johan H, Koposov, Sergey E, Kuchner, Ulrike, Laigle, Clotilde, Lewis, Jim, Longhetti, Marcella, Lucatello, Sara, Méndez-Abreu, Jairo, Mercurio, Amata, Molaeinezhad, Alireza, Monguió, Maria, Morrison, Sean, Murphy, David N A, de Arriba, Luis Peralta, Pérez, Isabel, Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi, Picó, Sergio, Raddi, Roberto, Romero-Gómez, Mercè, Royer, Frédéric, Siebert, Arnaud, Seabroke, George M, Som, Debopam, Terrett, David, Thomas, Guillaume, Wesson, Roger, Worley, C Clare, Alfaro, Emilio J, Prieto, Carlos Allende, Alonso-Santiago, Javier, Amos, Nicholas J, Ashley, Richard P, Balaguer-Nú nez, Lola, Balbinot, Eduardo, Bellazzini, Michele, Benn, Chris R, Berlanas, Sara R, Bernard, Edouard J, Best, Philip, Bettoni, Daniela, Bianco, Andrea, Bishop, Georgia, Blomqvist, Michael, Boeche, Corrado, Bolzonella, Micol, Bonoli, Silvia, Bosma, Albert, Britavskiy, Nikolay, Busarello, Gianni, Caffau, Elisabetta, Cantat-Gaudin, Tristan, Castro-Ginard, Alfred, Couto, Guilherme, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, Juan, Carter, David, Casamiquela, Laia, Conrado, Ana M, Corcho-Caballero, Pablo, Costantin, Luca, Deason, Alis, de Burgos, Abel, De Grandi, Sabrina, Di Matteo, Paola, Domínguez-Gómez, Jesús, Dorda, Ricardo, Drake, Alyssa, Dutta, Rajeshwari, Erkal, Denis, Feltzing, Sofia, Ferré-Mateu, Anna, Feuillet, Diane, Figueras, Francesca, Fossati, Matteo, Franciosini, Elena, Frasca, Antonio, Fumagalli, Michele, Gallazzi, Anna, García-Benito, Rubén, Fusillo, Nicola Gentile, Gebran, Marwan, Gilbert, James, Gledhill, T M, Delgado, Rosa M González, Greimel, Robert, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Guerra, Jose, Gullieuszik, Marco, Haines, Christopher P, Hardcastle, Martin J, Harris, Amy, Haywood, Misha, Helmi, Amina, Hernandez, Nauzet, Herrero, Artemio, Hughes, Sarah, Irsic, Vid, Jablonka, Pascale, Jarvis, Matt J, Jordi, Carme, Kondapally, Rohit, Kordopatis, Georges, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, Barbera, Francesco La, Lam, Man I, Larsen, Søren S, Lemasle, Bertrand, Lewis, Ian J, Lhomé, Emilie, Lind, Karin, Lodi, Marcello, Longobardi, Alessia, Lonoce, Ilaria, Magrini, Laura, Apellániz, Jesús Maíz, Marchal, Olivier, Marco, Amparo, Martin, Nicolas F, Matsuno, Tadafumi, Maurogordato, Sophie, Merluzzi, Paola, Miralda-Escudé, Jordi, Molinari, Emilio, Monari, Giacomo, Morelli, Lorenzo, Mottram, Christopher J, Naylor, Tim, Negueruela, Ignacio, Onorbe, Jose, Pancino, Elena, Peirani, Sébastien, Peletier, Reynier F, Pozzetti, Lucia, Rainer, Monica, Ramos, Pau, Read, Shaun C, Rossi, Elena Maria, Röttgering, Huub J A, Rubi no-Martín, Jose Alberto, Montes, Jose Sabater, Juan, José San, Sanna, Nicoletta, Schallig, Ellen, Schiavon, Ricardo P, Schultheis, Mathias, Serra, Paolo, Shimwell, Timothy W, Simón-Díaz, Sergio, Smith, Russell J, Sordo, Rosanna, Sorini, Daniele, Soubiran, Caroline, Starkenburg, Else, Steele, Iain A, Stott, John, Stuik, Remko, Tolstoy, Eline, Tortora, Crescenzo, Tsantaki, Maria, Van der Swaelmen, Mathieu, van Weeren, Reinout J, Vergani, Daniela, Verheijen, Marc A W, Verro, Kristiina, Vink, Jorick S, Vioque, Miguel, Walcher, C Jakob, Walton, Nicholas A, Wegg, Christopher, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Williams, Wendy L, Wilson, Andrew J, Wright, Nicholas J, Xylakis-Dornbusch, Theodora, Youakim, Kris, Zibetti, Stefano, and Zurita, Cristina
Abstract: WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, saw first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-deg field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable ‘mini’ integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366–959 nm at R ∼ 5000, or two shorter ranges at R ∼ 20 000. After summarizing the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organization, science drivers, and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy’s origins by completing Gaia’s phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for ∼3 million stars and detailed abundances for ∼1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey ∼0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects, and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey ∼400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionized gas in z < 0.5 cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in ∼25 000 field galaxies at 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 0.7; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using >1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; and (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z > 2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.
Published: 2024

15. Laser microfabrication for optical sensing and imaging in vivo

Author: Bianchini, P, Diaspro, A, Sheppard, CJR, Bouzin, M, Sironi, L, Marini, M, D'Alfonso, L, Collini, M, Chirico, G, Conci, C, Jacchetti, E, Raimondi, M, Nardini, A, Cerullo, G, Martinez Vazquez, R, Osellame, R, Sironi L., Marini M., Bouzin M., D'Alfonso L., Collini M., Chirico G., Conci C., Jacchetti E., Raimondi M. T., Nardini A., Cerullo G., Martinez Vazquez R., Osellame R., Bianchini, P, Diaspro, A, Sheppard, CJR, Bouzin, M, Sironi, L, Marini, M, D'Alfonso, L, Collini, M, Chirico, G, Conci, C, Jacchetti, E, Raimondi, M, Nardini, A, Cerullo, G, Martinez Vazquez, R, Osellame, R, Sironi L., Marini M., Bouzin M., D'Alfonso L., Collini M., Chirico G., Conci C., Jacchetti E., Raimondi M. T., Nardini A., Cerullo G., Martinez Vazquez R., and Osellame R.
Abstract: The possibility to fabricate microstructures to be used in the medical field is a reality. Further steps in this direction consist in the fabrication of active microstructures for implants and/or for cellular treatments. Two major areas of interest will be briefly treated here. The first is the one of stimulus-responsive optical polymers, especially hydrogels, that can be shaped by means of laser 3D printing and ablation. These can be used for thermal stimulation, energy transduction and sensing. The composition of these polymeric blends is an essential parameter to tune their properties as actuators and/or sensing platforms and to determine the elasto-mechanical characteristics of the printed hydrogel. A second field of interest is the microfabrication of rigid microstructures that can stand the tissue-induced stresses in implants. The increasing demand of microdevices for nanomedicine and personalized medicine has fostered the quest for an efficient combination of composite and hybrid photo-responsive materials and digital micro/nano-manufacturing. Existing works have exploited multiphoton laser photo-polymerization to obtain fine 3D microstructures in hydrogels in an additive manufacturing approach or exploited laser ablation of preformed hydrogels to carve 3D cavities. The aim of this report is to provide a short overview of the basics of photo-polymerization induced by two-photon excitation and to discuss two case studies. In the first one, we discuss the most recent and prominent results in the field of multiphoton laser direct writing of biocompatible hydrogels that embed active nanomaterials not interfering with the writing process and endowing the biocompatible microstructures with physically or chemically activable features such as photo-thermal activity, chemical swelling and chemical sensing. In the second case, we outline the fabrication steps and the first tests of a novel chip which aims at enabling longitudinal studies of the reaction to the biomater
Published: 2023

16. Evidence of Noisy Oscillations of cAMP under Nutritional Stress Condition in Budding Yeast

Author: Colombo, S, Collini, M, D'Alfonso, L, Chirico, G, Martegani, E, Colombo S., Collini M., D'Alfonso L., Chirico G., Martegani E., Colombo, S, Collini, M, D'Alfonso, L, Chirico, G, Martegani, E, Colombo S., Collini M., D'Alfonso L., Chirico G., and Martegani E.
Abstract: The Ras/cAMP/PKA pathway regulates responses to nutrients’ availability and stress in budding yeast. The cAMP levels are subjected to negative feedback, and we have previously simulated a dynamic model of this pathway suggesting the existence of stable oscillatory states depending on the symmetrical and opposed activity of the RasGEF (Cdc25) and RasGAPs (Ira proteins). Noisy oscillations related to the activity of this pathway were reported by looking at the nuclear localization of the transcription factor Msn2, and sustained oscillations of the nuclear accumulation of Msn2 under the condition of limiting glucose were observed. We were able to reproduce the periodic accumulation of Msn2-GFP protein in a yeast cell under the condition of limiting glucose, and we also detected oscillations of cAMP. We used a sensor based on a fusion protein between YFP-Epac2-CFP expressed in yeast cells. The FRET between CFP and YFP is controlled by the cAMP concentration. This sensor allows us to monitor changes in cAMP concentrations in a single yeast cell over a long time. Using this method, we were able to detect noisy oscillations of cAMP levels in single yeast cells under conditions of nutritional stress caused by limiting glucose availability.
Published: 2023

17. Melanin concentration maps by label-free super-resolution photo-thermal imaging on melanoma biopsies

Author: Bouzin, M, Marini, M, Chirico, G, Granucci, F, Mingozzi, F, Colombo, R, D'Alfonso, L, Sironi, L, Collini, M, Bouzin M., Marini M., Chirico G., Granucci F., Mingozzi F., Colombo R., D'Alfonso L., Sironi L., Collini M., Bouzin, M, Marini, M, Chirico, G, Granucci, F, Mingozzi, F, Colombo, R, D'Alfonso, L, Sironi, L, Collini, M, Bouzin M., Marini M., Chirico G., Granucci F., Mingozzi F., Colombo R., D'Alfonso L., Sironi L., and Collini M.
Abstract: Surgical excision followed by histopathological examination is the gold standard for melanoma screening. However, the color-based inspection of hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained biopsies does not provide a space-resolved quantification of the melanin content in melanocytic lesions. We propose a non-destructive photo-thermal imaging method capable of characterizing the microscopic distribution and absolute concentration of melanin pigments in excised melanoma biopsies. By exploiting the photo-thermal effect primed by melanin absorption of visible laser light we obtain label-free super-resolution far-infrared thermal images of tissue sections where melanin is spatially mapped at sub-diffraction 40-µm resolution. Based on the finite-element simulation of the full 3D heat transfer model, we are able to convert temperature maps into quantitative images of the melanin molar concentration on B16 murine melanoma biopsies, with 4·10−4 M concentration sensitivity. Being readily applicable to human melanoma biopsies in combination with hematoxylin-and-eosin staining, the proposed approach could complement traditional histopathology in the characterization of pigmented lesions ex-vivo.
Published: 2022

18. A novel hybrid machine learning phasor-based approach to retrieve a full set of solar-induced fluorescence metrics and biophysical parameters

Author: Scodellaro, R, Cesana, I, D'Alfonso, L, Bouzin, M, Collini, M, Chirico, G, Colombo, R, Miglietta, F, Celesti, M, Schuettemeyer, D, Cogliati, S, Sironi, L, Scodellaro R., Cesana I., D'Alfonso L., Bouzin M., Collini M., Chirico G., Colombo R., Miglietta F., Celesti M., Schuettemeyer D., Cogliati S., Sironi L., Scodellaro, R, Cesana, I, D'Alfonso, L, Bouzin, M, Collini, M, Chirico, G, Colombo, R, Miglietta, F, Celesti, M, Schuettemeyer, D, Cogliati, S, Sironi, L, Scodellaro R., Cesana I., D'Alfonso L., Bouzin M., Collini M., Chirico G., Colombo R., Miglietta F., Celesti M., Schuettemeyer D., Cogliati S., and Sironi L.
Abstract: The emission of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (F) is a pivotal process to infer vegetation health and functioning that can be monitored by remote sensing. However, most of the current remote sensing methods retrieve only F at top-of-canopy level, therefore making the link with physiological processes occurring at photosystem level not trivial. In this study, we develop a novel machine learning Fourier (phasor)-based algorithm to retrieve F both at canopy level and after considering the reabsorption (i.e. photosystem level), consistently with relevant biophysical variables, exploiting the canopy apparent reflectance spectra (Rapp). In particular, Rapp is divided in consecutive spectral windows, where the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is computed. Then, the DFT results in each window are exploited to estimate the fluorescence spectra and biophysical parameters, together with their uncertainties, by means of a supervised machine learning algorithm coupled to a statistical-based retrieval pipeline. The algorithm has been trained through synthetic Rapp spectra, obtained from simulations based on a Radiative Transfer (RT) model. As a proof of concept, the theoretical approach is then applied to experimental data, acquired both from crops and forests, at close and high soil-sensor distance respectively, to evaluate the retrieval accuracy of biophysical and F parameters. In particular, for the first time Rapp is used to extract the temporal evolution of F at canopy and photosystem levels and its quantum efficiency together with different biophysical variables, during the growing season of two agricultural crops. Furthermore, tower-based solar-induced fluorescence measurements in a deciduous forest are exploited to evaluate the performance of our algorithm when the atmospheric reabsorption and scattering are not negligible. The reliability of the proposed method is evaluated through a comparison with F spectra extracted from the state of the art SpecFit retrieval
Published: 2022

19. Water Dynamics in Competitive Solvation Assisted Loading of Colloidal Curcumin Nanoparticles onto Mesoporous Silica Nanostructures

Author: Ananth, A, Nagarajan, V, Kumar, S, Sasikumar, P, Chirico, G, D'Alfonso, L, Jose, S, Ananth A. N., Nagarajan V., Kumar S. S., Sasikumar P., Chirico G., D'Alfonso L., Jose S. P., Ananth, A, Nagarajan, V, Kumar, S, Sasikumar, P, Chirico, G, D'Alfonso, L, Jose, S, Ananth A. N., Nagarajan V., Kumar S. S., Sasikumar P., Chirico G., D'Alfonso L., and Jose S. P.
Abstract: The main goal of this study is to develop methods for the simultaneous synthesis and loading of curcumin nanoparticles onto mesoporous silica by a sequential solvent evaporation approach. It is known that the presence of cosolvents and surfactants facilitates the homogenous formation of colloidal curcumin nanoparticles and enhances loading into mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The stability of the curcumin nanoparticles and their substantial loading are characterized as a function of the mesoporous silica nanostructures (MSN) surface properties, allowing to put into evidence how the dielectric nanoenvironment, largely determined by the water dynamics in the presence of cosolvents and of surfactants, plays a crucial role in the micelle mediated loading of curcumin nanoparticles into the mesoporous silica nanostructure. The interfacial hydrogen bonded corrugated network with its occupational electronic distribution shields the curcumin nanoparticles loaded onto the MSNs. Highly monodispersed nanostructures that are obtained that exhibit redox behavior, Fickian diffusion following linear compensation effect, and increased ionic activity triggered in an acidic pH ambiance. The augmented bioactivity of the human acute monocyte leukemia cancer cell line U937 elects the synthesized curcumin nanoparticles @ MSNs as a suitable nanostructure against acidic tumor microenvironment.
Published: 2022

20. A miniaturized chip for 3D optical imaging of tissue regeneration in vivo

Author: Popp, J, Gergely, C, Conci, C, Jacchetti, E, Sironi, L, Gentili, L, Cerullo, G, Martinez, R, Osellame, R, Marini, M, Bouzin, M, Collini, M, D'Alfonso, L, Kabouraki, E, Farsari, M, Ranella, A, Kehagias, N, Chirico, G, Raimondi, M, Conci C., Jacchetti E., Sironi L., Gentili L., Cerullo G., Martinez R., Osellame R., Marini M., Bouzin M., Collini M., D'Alfonso L., Kabouraki E., Farsari M., Ranella A., Kehagias N., Chirico G., Raimondi M. T., Popp, J, Gergely, C, Conci, C, Jacchetti, E, Sironi, L, Gentili, L, Cerullo, G, Martinez, R, Osellame, R, Marini, M, Bouzin, M, Collini, M, D'Alfonso, L, Kabouraki, E, Farsari, M, Ranella, A, Kehagias, N, Chirico, G, Raimondi, M, Conci C., Jacchetti E., Sironi L., Gentili L., Cerullo G., Martinez R., Osellame R., Marini M., Bouzin M., Collini M., D'Alfonso L., Kabouraki E., Farsari M., Ranella A., Kehagias N., Chirico G., and Raimondi M. T.
Abstract: The current protocols for biocompatibility assessment of biomaterials, based on histopathology, require the sacrifice of a huge number of laboratory animals with an unsustainable ethical burden and remarkable cost. Intravital microscopy techniques can be used to study implantation outcomes in real time though with limited capabilities of quantification in longitudinal studies, mainly restricted by the light penetration and the spatial resolution in deep tissues. We present the outline and first tests of a novel chip which aims to enable longitudinal studies of the reaction to the biomaterial implant. The chip is composed of a regular reference microstructure fabricated via two-photon polymerization in the SZ2080 resist. The geometrical design and the planar raster spacing largely determine the mechanical and spectroscopic features of the microstructures. The development, in-vitro characterization and in vivo validation of the Microatlas is performed in living chicken embryos by fluorescence microscopy 3 and 4 days after the implant; the quantification of cell infiltration inside the Microatlas demonstrates its potential as novel scaffold for tissue regeneration.
Published: 2022

21. SVELAMI-B project: Remote physics laboratories at Milan-Bicocca University

Author: Di Martino, D, D’Alfonso, L, Penati, S, Di Martino D., D’Alfonso L., Penati S., Di Martino, D, D’Alfonso, L, Penati, S, Di Martino D., D’Alfonso L., and Penati S.
Abstract: The SVELAMI-B project offered in-depth activities in STEM fields to primary school children, inspired by the discoveries of famous women scientists. Starting from a shared multidisciplinary design (from physics to mathematics, computer science, geology and education science) the aim was to enhance the learning potential of scientific subjects, while addressing the problem of gender gap in Science. Due to the pandemic situation, all the activities were carried out entirely in distance learning. In this paper, some results and outcomes will be analyzed, as well as possible developments for the design of new school interventions based on a community of practice.
Published: 2022

22. Clinical Evaluation of the New Rebound Tonometers Icare PRO and Icare ONE Compared With the Goldmann Tonometer

Author: Moreno Montañes, Javier, Martínez De La Casa Fernández-Borrella, José María, Sabater, Alfonso L., Morales Fernández, Laura, Sáenz, Cristina, García Feijoo, Julián, Moreno Montañes, Javier, Martínez De La Casa Fernández-Borrella, José María, Sabater, Alfonso L., Morales Fernández, Laura, Sáenz, Cristina, and García Feijoo, Julián
Abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the participant-obtained intraocular pressures (IOPs) using Icare ONE and the clinician-obtained values using Icare PRO, both rebound tonometers, with Goldmann tonometry (GAT) values and analyze the ease of use of Icare ONE. METHODS: One hundred fifty participants were included (60 normal controls, 90 patients with glaucoma/ocular hypertension). The participants measured the IOP 3 times using Icare ONE; a clinician measured the IOP once using Icare PRO. The instruments were used randomly. Clinical data were evaluated to analyze the difficulty of the technique, the effect on the results, and the ease of use of Icare ONE. RESULTS: The mean IOPs with GAT, Icare ONE, and Icare PRO were 16.6±4.43, 17.5±5.42, and 16.6±4.77 mm Hg, respectively. The participant-measured IOP values were within +3 mm Hg of the GAT values in 67.1% of eyes with Icare ONE and in 79.6% with Icare PRO. The limits of agreement were higher with Icare ONE compared with Icare PRO. IOP value errors were found with Icare ONE in eyes with low and high GAT-IOP. The areas under the curve to detect IOPs of 21 mm Hg or higher (GAT) exceeded 0.80 with both tonometers. Young participants reported better ease of use with Icare ONE. No other factors were related to the results. CONCLUSIONS: Icare ONE may be useful for patients monitoring their IOP values; most individuals can use the device after a short training session. Icare PRO had better results compared with Icare ONE in all IOP ranges., Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Red tematica de Investigacion Cooperativa, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Unidad Docente de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub
Published: 2023

23. Virtually stained H&E images and nuclei segmentation combining neural networks and spectral phasor analysis

Author: Ferraro, P, Psaltis, D, Grilli, S, Pagani, E, Panzeri, D, Scodellaro, R, Bouzin, M, D'Alfonso, L, Collini, M, Chirico, G, Inverso, D, Sironi, L, Ferraro, P, Psaltis, D, Grilli, S, Pagani, E, Panzeri, D, Scodellaro, R, Bouzin, M, D'Alfonso, L, Collini, M, Chirico, G, Inverso, D, and Sironi, L
Abstract: H&E stained sections are the gold standard for disease diagnosis but, unfortunately, the staining process is time-consuming and expensive. In an effort to overcome these problems, here, we propose a virtual staining algorithm, able to predict an Hematoxylin/Eosin (H&E) image, usually exploited during clinical evaluations, starting from the autofluorescence signal of entire liver tissue sections acquired by a confocal microscope. The color and texture contents of the generated virtually stained images have been analyzed through the phasor-based approach to detect tumorous tissue and to segment relevant biological structures (accuracy>90% compared to the expert manual analysis).
Published: 2023

24. Locating Multiple Leaks in Water Distribution Networks Combining Physically Based and Data-Driven Models and High-Performance Computing

Author: Corzo, C. M. Alfonso, L. Corzo, G. Solomatine, D. and Corzo, C. M. Alfonso, L. Corzo, G. Solomatine, D.
Abstract: Water utilities are urged to decrease their real water losses, not only to reduce costs but also to assure long-term sustainability.Hardware- and software-based techniques have been broadly used to locate leaks; within the latter, previous works that have used data-drivenmodels mostly focused on single leaks. This paper presents a methodology to locate multiple leaks in water distribution networks employingpressure residuals. It consists of two phases: one is to produce training data for the data-driven model and cluster the nodes based on theirleak-flow-rate-independent signatures using an adapted hierarchical agglomerative algorithm; the second is to locate the leaks using atop-down approach. To identify the leaking clusters and nodes, we employed a custom-built k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) algorithm that com-pares the test instances with the generated training data. This instance-to-instance comparison requires substantial computational resources forclassification, which was overcome by the use of high-performance computing. The methodology was applied to a real network located in aEuropean town, comprising 144 nodes and a total length of pipes of 24 km. Although its multiple inlets add redundancy to the networkincreasing the challenge of leak location, the method proved to obtain acceptable results to guide the field pinpointing activities. Nearly 70%of the areas determined by the clusters were identified with an accuracy of over 90% for leak flows above3.0L=s, and the leaking nodes wereaccurately detected over 50% of the time for leak flows above4.0L=s
Published: 2023
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25. Properties of Barred Galaxies with the Environment: I. the case of the Virgo cluster

Author: Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Cuomo, Virginia, Rojas-Roncero, Azahara, Morelli, Lorenzo, Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Cuomo, Virginia, Rojas-Roncero, Azahara, and Morelli, Lorenzo
Abstract: Barred structures are widespread in a considerable fraction of galactic discs, spanning diverse environments and galaxy luminosities. The environment likely exerts a significant influence on bar formation. It is plausible that the structural parameters of bars resulting from tidal interactions in high-density galactic environments differ from those formed through internal disc instabilities in isolated galaxies. To empirically test this scenario, a viable approach is to compare the structural parameters of bars in galaxies situated within distinct environments. We have collected data on the bar radius and bar strength for a sample of 36 SB0 and SBa galaxies located within the Virgo cluster. Additionally, we analyzed a sample of 46 field galaxies with similar morphologies and luminosity range. The analysis reveals that the bar radius exhibits a correlation with galaxy luminosity, indicating that larger bars are typically found in more luminous galaxies. When comparing galaxies with fixed luminosities, the field galaxies display larger bar radii compared to those in the Virgo cluster. However, when the bar radius is scaled by the size of the galaxy, the disparity diminishes and the scaled bars in the Virgo cluster and the field exhibit similar sizes. This is because galaxies of similar luminosities tend to be larger in the field environment compared to the cluster and because the bars adapt to the discs in which they live. Regarding the bar strength, no significant differences were observed for bright galaxies ($M_{r} < -19.5$) between those located in the Virgo cluster and those in the field. In contrast, faint galaxies ($M_{r} > -19.5$) show stronger bars in the field than in the cluster., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted at A&A
Published: 2023

26. The Milky Way Bar Pattern Speed using Hercules and Gaia DR3

Author: Lucchini, Scott, D'Onghia, Elena, Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Lucchini, Scott, D'Onghia, Elena, and Aguerri, J. Alfonso L.
Abstract: The distribution of moving groups in the solar neighborhood has been used to constrain dynamical properties of the Milky Way for decades. The kinematic bimodality between the main mode (Hyades, Pleiades, Coma Berenices, and Sirius) and Hercules can be explained by two different bar models -- via the outer Lindblad resonance of a bar with a high pattern speed ($\sim$55 km s$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-1}$), or via the corotation resonance of a bar with a low pattern speed ($\sim$40 km s$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-1}$). Recent works directly studying the kinematics of bar stars and gas flows near the center of the Galaxy have converged on the low pattern speed model. In this paper, we independently confirm this result by using Gaia DR3 to directly study the variation of Hercules across Galactic azimuth. We find that Hercules increases in $V_\phi$ and becomes stronger as we move towards the minor axis of the bar, and decreases in $V_\phi$ and becomes weaker as we move towards the major axis of the bar. This is in direct agreement with theoretical predictions of a low pattern speed bar model in which Hercules is formed by the corotation resonance with stars orbiting the bar's L4/L5 Lagrange points., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted in MNRAS Letters
Published: 2023
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27. The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

Author: Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Jin, Shoko, Trager, Scott C., Dalton, Gavin B., Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Drew, J.E., Falcón-Barroso, Jesús, Gänsicke, B.T., Hill, V., Iovino, Angela, Pieri, Matthew M., Poggianti, Bianca M., Fumagalli, Michele, Boeche, Corrado, Fariña, Cecilia, Gonzalez, Oscar A., Guest, Steve, Bellazzini, M., Drake, Alyssa, Longhetti, Marcella, Herrero, Artemio, Monari, Giacomo, Carrasco, Esperanza, Dutta, Rajeshwari, Deason, Alis, Irwin, M., Sordo, R., Serra, Paolo, Lucatello, Sara, Bolzonella, Micol, Gallazzi, Anna, Peralta de Arriba, Luis, García-Benito, Rubén, Van der Swaelmen, M., Stuik, Remko, Peletier, Reynier F., Hughes, Sarah, de Burgos, Abel, Magrini, L., Ferré-Mateu, Anna, Pérez, Isabel, Carter, David, Haines, Christopher P., Som, Debopam, Lind, K., Hardcastle, Martin J., Raddi, Roberto, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Vioque, Miguel, Schiavon, Ricardo P., Figueras, Francesca, Irsic, Vid, Bernard, Edouard J., Jablonka, Pascale, Amos, Nicholas J., Lodi, Marcello, Ascasibar, Yago, Abrams, Don Carlos, Best, Philip, Gebran, M., Lam, Man I., Bonoli, Silvia, Larsen, Søren S., Domínguez-Palmero, Lilian, Bragaglia, A., Verro, Kristiina, Longobardi, Alessia, Morelli, Lorenzo, Jarvis, Matt J., Schultheis, Mathias, Feuillet, D.K., Bosma, Albert, Haywood, Misha, Marco, Amparo, Casamiquela, L., Sabater Montes, Jose, Martin, Nicolas F., Sorini, Daniele, Cantat-Gaudin, T., Kuchner, Ulrike, Hoskin, Matthew J., Smith, D.J.B., Jordi, C., Mottram, Christopher J., Fossati, Matteo, Naylor, Tim, Dorda Laforet, Ricardo, San Juan, José, Antoja, Teresa, Vink, Jorick S., Merluzzi, Paola, Franciosini, E., Lewis, Ian J., Ramos, Pau, Gilbert, James, Read, Shaun C., Siebert, Arnaud, Picó, Sergio, Hatch, Nina A., Miralda-Escudé, Jordi, Sanna, N., Tolstoy, Eline, Negueruela, Ignacio, Vallenari, A., Gledhill, T.M., González Delgado, Rosa M., Maurogordato, Sophie, Simón Díaz, Sergio, Helmi, Amina, Wright, N., Méndez-Abreu, Jairo, Smith, Russell J., Babusiaux, Carine, Gullieuszik, Marco, Balbinot, Eduardo, Alonso-Santiago, Javier, Hernandez, Nauzet, Onorbe, Jose, Tortora, Crescenzo, Kondapally, Rohit, Tsantaki, M., Bettoni, Daniela, Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi, Xylakis-Dornbusch, Theodora, Schallig, Ellen, Hess, Kelley M., Soubiran, C., Kordopatis, G., Röttgering, Huub J.A., Walton, N., Lhomé, Emilie, Wegg, Christopher, La Barbera, Francesco, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, Juan, Caffau, Elisabetta, Alfaro, Emilio J., Starkenburg, Else, Youakim, Kris, Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso, Zibetti, Stefano, Marchal, Olivier, Erkal, Denis, Domínguez-Gómez, Jesús, Molinari, Emilio, van Weeren, Reinout J., Carrera, Ricardo, Pancino, E., Cornwell, Daniel J., Gentile Fusillo, Nicola, Frasca, A., Britavskiy, Nikolay, Mercurio, Amata, Zurita, Cristina, Allende Prieto, C., Balcells, Marc, Peirani, Sébastien, Williams, Wendy L., Knapen, Johan H., Rubiño-Martín, J.A., Terrett, David, Koposov, S., Rainer, Monica, Harris, Amy, Guerra, Jose, De Grandi, Sabrina, Belokurov, Vasily, Molaeinezhad, Alireza, Steele, Iain A., Monguió, María, Shimwell, Timothy W., Thomas, Guillaume, Busarello, Gianni, Lewis, J., Stott, John, Duncan, Kenneth J., Romero-Gómez, Mercè, Vergani, Daniela, Royer, Frédéric, Lemasle, Bertrand, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, Greimel, Robert, Wesson, Roger, Bianco, Andrea, Morrison, Sean, Di Matteo, Paola, Barrena, R., Verheijen, Marc A.W., Laigle, Clotilde, Ashley, Richard P., Wilson, Andrew J., Conrado, Ana M., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Feltzing, S., Walcher, C. Jakob, Matsuno, Tadafumi, Maíz Apellániz, Jesús, Battaglia, Giuseppina, Murphy, D.N.A., Bishop, Georgia, Bensby, T., Blomqvist, Michael, Aguado, David S., Corcho-Caballero, Pablo, Worley, C.C., Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Benn, Chris R., Bonifacio, P., Seabroke, G.M., Castro-Ginard, Alfred, Famaey, Benoit, Couto, Guilherme, Rossi, Elena Maria, Pozzetti, Lucia, Lonoce, Ilaria, Berlanas, Sara R., Costantin, Luca, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Jin, Shoko, Trager, Scott C., Dalton, Gavin B., Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Drew, J.E., Falcón-Barroso, Jesús, Gänsicke, B.T., Hill, V., Iovino, Angela, Pieri, Matthew M., Poggianti, Bianca M., Fumagalli, Michele, Boeche, Corrado, Fariña, Cecilia, Gonzalez, Oscar A., Guest, Steve, Bellazzini, M., Drake, Alyssa, Longhetti, Marcella, Herrero, Artemio, Monari, Giacomo, Carrasco, Esperanza, Dutta, Rajeshwari, Deason, Alis, Irwin, M., Sordo, R., Serra, Paolo, Lucatello, Sara, Bolzonella, Micol, Gallazzi, Anna, Peralta de Arriba, Luis, García-Benito, Rubén, Van der Swaelmen, M., Stuik, Remko, Peletier, Reynier F., Hughes, Sarah, de Burgos, Abel, Magrini, L., Ferré-Mateu, Anna, Pérez, Isabel, Carter, David, Haines, Christopher P., Som, Debopam, Lind, K., Hardcastle, Martin J., Raddi, Roberto, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Vioque, Miguel, Schiavon, Ricardo P., Figueras, Francesca, Irsic, Vid, Bernard, Edouard J., Jablonka, Pascale, Amos, Nicholas J., Lodi, Marcello, Ascasibar, Yago, Abrams, Don Carlos, Best, Philip, Gebran, M., Lam, Man I., Bonoli, Silvia, Larsen, Søren S., Domínguez-Palmero, Lilian, Bragaglia, A., Verro, Kristiina, Longobardi, Alessia, Morelli, Lorenzo, Jarvis, Matt J., Schultheis, Mathias, Feuillet, D.K., Bosma, Albert, Haywood, Misha, Marco, Amparo, Casamiquela, L., Sabater Montes, Jose, Martin, Nicolas F., Sorini, Daniele, Cantat-Gaudin, T., Kuchner, Ulrike, Hoskin, Matthew J., Smith, D.J.B., Jordi, C., Mottram, Christopher J., Fossati, Matteo, Naylor, Tim, Dorda Laforet, Ricardo, San Juan, José, Antoja, Teresa, Vink, Jorick S., Merluzzi, Paola, Franciosini, E., Lewis, Ian J., Ramos, Pau, Gilbert, James, Read, Shaun C., Siebert, Arnaud, Picó, Sergio, Hatch, Nina A., Miralda-Escudé, Jordi, Sanna, N., Tolstoy, Eline, Negueruela, Ignacio, Vallenari, A., Gledhill, T.M., González Delgado, Rosa M., Maurogordato, Sophie, Simón Díaz, Sergio, Helmi, Amina, Wright, N., Méndez-Abreu, Jairo, Smith, Russell J., Babusiaux, Carine, Gullieuszik, Marco, Balbinot, Eduardo, Alonso-Santiago, Javier, Hernandez, Nauzet, Onorbe, Jose, Tortora, Crescenzo, Kondapally, Rohit, Tsantaki, M., Bettoni, Daniela, Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi, Xylakis-Dornbusch, Theodora, Schallig, Ellen, Hess, Kelley M., Soubiran, C., Kordopatis, G., Röttgering, Huub J.A., Walton, N., Lhomé, Emilie, Wegg, Christopher, La Barbera, Francesco, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, Juan, Caffau, Elisabetta, Alfaro, Emilio J., Starkenburg, Else, Youakim, Kris, Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso, Zibetti, Stefano, Marchal, Olivier, Erkal, Denis, Domínguez-Gómez, Jesús, Molinari, Emilio, van Weeren, Reinout J., Carrera, Ricardo, Pancino, E., Cornwell, Daniel J., Gentile Fusillo, Nicola, Frasca, A., Britavskiy, Nikolay, Mercurio, Amata, Zurita, Cristina, Allende Prieto, C., Balcells, Marc, Peirani, Sébastien, Williams, Wendy L., Knapen, Johan H., Rubiño-Martín, J.A., Terrett, David, Koposov, S., Rainer, Monica, Harris, Amy, Guerra, Jose, De Grandi, Sabrina, Belokurov, Vasily, Molaeinezhad, Alireza, Steele, Iain A., Monguió, María, Shimwell, Timothy W., Thomas, Guillaume, Busarello, Gianni, Lewis, J., Stott, John, Duncan, Kenneth J., Romero-Gómez, Mercè, Vergani, Daniela, Royer, Frédéric, Lemasle, Bertrand, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, Greimel, Robert, Wesson, Roger, Bianco, Andrea, Morrison, Sean, Di Matteo, Paola, Barrena, R., Verheijen, Marc A.W., Laigle, Clotilde, Ashley, Richard P., Wilson, Andrew J., Conrado, Ana M., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Feltzing, S., Walcher, C. Jakob, Matsuno, Tadafumi, Maíz Apellániz, Jesús, Battaglia, Giuseppina, Murphy, D.N.A., Bishop, Georgia, Bensby, T., Blomqvist, Michael, Aguado, David S., Corcho-Caballero, Pablo, Worley, C.C., Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Benn, Chris R., Bonifacio, P., Seabroke, G.M., Castro-Ginard, Alfred, Famaey, Benoit, Couto, Guilherme, Rossi, Elena Maria, Pozzetti, Lucia, Lonoce, Ilaria, Berlanas, Sara R., and Costantin, Luca
Abstract: WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable ‘mini’ integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366−959 nm at R ∼ 5000, or two shorter ranges at R ∼ 20 000. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy’s origins by completing Gaia’s phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for ∼3 million stars and detailed abundances for ∼1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey ∼0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey ∼400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in z < 0.5 cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in ∼25 000 field galaxies at 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 0.7; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using >1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z > 2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.
Published: 2023

28. Multiphoton laser fabrication of hybrid photo-activable biomaterials

Author: Bouzin, M, Zeynali, A, Marini, M, Sironi, L, Scodellaro, R, D'Alfonso, L, Collini, M, Chirico, G, Bouzin M., Zeynali A., Marini M., Sironi L., Scodellaro R., D'alfonso L., Collini M., Chirico G., Bouzin, M, Zeynali, A, Marini, M, Sironi, L, Scodellaro, R, D'Alfonso, L, Collini, M, Chirico, G, Bouzin M., Zeynali A., Marini M., Sironi L., Scodellaro R., D'alfonso L., Collini M., and Chirico G.
Abstract: The possibility to shape stimulus-responsive optical polymers, especially hydrogels, by means of laser 3D printing and ablation is fostering a new concept of “smart” micro-devices that can be used for imaging, thermal stimulation, energy transducing and sensing. The composition of these polymeric blends is an essential parameter to tune their properties as actuators and/or sensing platforms and to determine the elasto-mechanical characteristics of the printed hydrogel. In light of the increasing demand for micro-devices for nanomedicine and personalized medicine, interest is growing in the combination of composite and hybrid photo-responsive materials and digital micro-/nano-manufacturing. Existing works have exploited multiphoton laser photo-polymerization to obtain fine 3D microstructures in hydrogels in an additive manufacturing approach or exploited laser ablation of preformed hydrogels to carve 3D cavities. Less often, the two approaches have been combined and active nanomaterials have been embedded in the microstructures. The aim of this review is to give a short overview of the most recent and prominent results in the field of multiphoton laser direct writing of biocompatible hydrogels that embed active nanomaterials not interfering with the writing process and endowing the biocompatible microstructures with physically or chemically activable features such as photothermal activity, chemical swelling and chemical sensing.
Published: 2021

29. Collagen micro-architecture investigation in tumor sections by means of second-harmonic generation signal multiphasor analysis coupled with non-supervised machine learning techniques

Author: Scodellaro, R, Bouzin, M, Mingozzi, F, Granucci, F, D'Alfonso, L, Collini, M, Chirico, G, Sironi, L, Scodellaro R., Bouzin M., Mingozzi F., Granucci F., D'Alfonso L., Collini M., Chirico G., Sironi L., Scodellaro, R, Bouzin, M, Mingozzi, F, Granucci, F, D'Alfonso, L, Collini, M, Chirico, G, Sironi, L, Scodellaro R., Bouzin M., Mingozzi F., Granucci F., D'Alfonso L., Collini M., Chirico G., and Sironi L.
Abstract: Collagen organization changes with the tissue pathological conditions, like cancer, and can be monitored through Second-Harmonic Generation imaging, a label-free method sensitive to the fibrils microstructure. As a consequence, collagen can be exploited as an early-tumor diagnosis marker. Coupling a phasorbased method with a non-supervised machine learning algorithm, our protocol is able to map pixel by pixel crucial features of the collagen fibrils and enlighten different collagen organizations. Basing on these maps, our protocol can automatically discriminate, on fixed tumor sections, tumor area from the surrounding tissue with an accuracy of ∼ 90%, opening the possibility to effectively assist histopathologists in cancer diagnosis.
Published: 2021

30. Multiphoton laser fabrication of hybrid photo-activable biomaterials

Author: Bouzin, M, Zeynali, A, Marini, M, Sironi, L, Scodellaro, R, D'Alfonso, L, Collini, M, Chirico, G, Bouzin M., Zeynali A., Marini M., Sironi L., Scodellaro R., D'alfonso L., Collini M., Chirico G., Bouzin, M, Zeynali, A, Marini, M, Sironi, L, Scodellaro, R, D'Alfonso, L, Collini, M, Chirico, G, Bouzin M., Zeynali A., Marini M., Sironi L., Scodellaro R., D'alfonso L., Collini M., and Chirico G.
Abstract: The possibility to shape stimulus-responsive optical polymers, especially hydrogels, by means of laser 3D printing and ablation is fostering a new concept of “smart” micro-devices that can be used for imaging, thermal stimulation, energy transducing and sensing. The composition of these polymeric blends is an essential parameter to tune their properties as actuators and/or sensing platforms and to determine the elasto-mechanical characteristics of the printed hydrogel. In light of the increasing demand for micro-devices for nanomedicine and personalized medicine, interest is growing in the combination of composite and hybrid photo-responsive materials and digital micro-/nano-manufacturing. Existing works have exploited multiphoton laser photo-polymerization to obtain fine 3D microstructures in hydrogels in an additive manufacturing approach or exploited laser ablation of preformed hydrogels to carve 3D cavities. Less often, the two approaches have been combined and active nanomaterials have been embedded in the microstructures. The aim of this review is to give a short overview of the most recent and prominent results in the field of multiphoton laser direct writing of biocompatible hydrogels that embed active nanomaterials not interfering with the writing process and endowing the biocompatible microstructures with physically or chemically activable features such as photothermal activity, chemical swelling and chemical sensing.
Published: 2021

31. Multiphoton fabrication of flexible photo-thermally active proteinaceous microstructures

Author: Zeynali, A, Marini, M, Collini, M, Bouzin, M, Sironi, L, D'Alfonso, L, Pallavicini, P, Chirico, G, Zeynali A., Marini M., Collini M., Bouzin M., Sironi L., D'Alfonso L., Pallavicini P., Chirico G., Zeynali, A, Marini, M, Collini, M, Bouzin, M, Sironi, L, D'Alfonso, L, Pallavicini, P, Chirico, G, Zeynali A., Marini M., Collini M., Bouzin M., Sironi L., D'Alfonso L., Pallavicini P., and Chirico G.
Abstract: Two-photon and single photon laser writing are used here to fabricate 3D proteinaceous microstructures with photothermal functionality in the near-infrared spectral region and tunable elasticity. The photo-cross-linking is initiated in bovine serum albumin (BSA) by Rose Bengal and the photo-thermal effect arises from gold nanostars dispersed in the ink. Massive energy transfer of the plasmonic resonances of the gold nanostars to the photo-initiator is avoided by employing an anionic photo-initiator, allowing to obtain effective photo-crosslinking of BSA and to retrieve a substantial photo-thermal efficiency of the fabricated structures. On these microstructures, with a gold atom concentration as low as 1% w/w, a highly localized temperature increase can be quickly (≅1 s) reached and maintained under continuous wave laser irradiation at 800 nm. The photothermal efficiency under continuous wave laser irradiation depends on the thickness of the microstructure and can reach 12.2 +/- 0.4 °C/W. The Young modulus of the fabricated structures is estimated from the measurement of their bending under steady flow and falls in the range of most typical tissues, suggesting that they can be adopted as promising platform for future applications in regenerative nanomedicine.
Published: 2021

32. Photometric Signature of Ultra-Harmonic Resonances in Barred Galaxies

Author: Krishnarao, Dhanesh, Pace, Zachary J., D'Onghia, Elena, Aguerri, Alfonso L., McClure, Rachel L., Peterken, Thomas, Fernandez-Trincado, Jose G., Merrifield, Michael, Masters, Karen L., Garma-Oehmichen, Luis, Boardman, Nicholas Fraser, Bershady, Matthew, Drory, Niv, Lane, Richard R., Krishnarao, Dhanesh, Pace, Zachary J., D'Onghia, Elena, Aguerri, Alfonso L., McClure, Rachel L., Peterken, Thomas, Fernandez-Trincado, Jose G., Merrifield, Michael, Masters, Karen L., Garma-Oehmichen, Luis, Boardman, Nicholas Fraser, Bershady, Matthew, Drory, Niv, and Lane, Richard R.
Abstract: Bars may induce morphological features, such as rings, through their resonances. Previous studies suggested that the presence of 'dark-gaps', or regions of a galaxy where the difference between the surface brightness along the bar major axis and along the bar minor axis are maximal, can be attributed to the location of bar corotation. Here, using GALAKOS, a high-resolution N-body simulation of a barred galaxy, we test this photometric method's ability to identify the bar corotation resonance. Contrary to previous work, our results indicate that 'dark-gaps' are a clear sign of the location of the 4:1 ultra-harmonic resonance instead of bar corotation. Measurements of the bar corotation can indirectly be inferred using kinematic information, e.g., by measuring the shape of the rotation curve. We demonstrate our concept on a sample of 578 face-on barred galaxies with both imaging and integral field observations and find the sample likely consists primarily of fast bars., Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2022

33. Analysing the value of environmental citizen-generated data: Complementarity and cost per observation

Author: Alfonso, L. Gharesifard, M. Wehn, U. and Alfonso, L. Gharesifard, M. Wehn, U.
Abstract: The proliferation of Citizen Science initiatives has increased the expectations of practitioners who need data for design, analysis, management and research in environmental applications. Many Citizen Science experiences have reported tangible societal benefits related to improved governance of natural resources due to the involvement of citizens and communities. However, from the perspective of data generation, most of the literature on Citizen Science tends to regard it as a potentially cost-effective source of data, with major concerns about the quality of data. The Ground Truth 2.0 project brought the opportunity to examine the scope of this potential by analysing the value of citizen-generated data. We propose a methodology to account for the value of citizen observations as a function of their complementarity to existing environmental observations and the evolution of their costs in time. The application of the proposed methodology in the chosen case studies that were all established using a co-design approach shows that the cost of obtaining Citizen Science data is not as low as frequently stated in literature. This is because the costs associated with co-design events for creating a Citizen Science community, as well as the functional and technical design of the tools, are much higher than the costs of rolling out the actual observation campaigns. In none of the considered cases did an increment in the number of preparatory events translate into an immediate increase in the collected observations. Nevertheless, Citizen Science appears to have the greatest value in places where in-situ environmental monitoring is not implemented.
Published: 2022
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34. Analysing the value of environmental citizen-generated data: Complementarity and cost per observation

Author: Alfonso, L. Gharesifard, M. Wehn, U. and Alfonso, L. Gharesifard, M. Wehn, U.
Abstract: The proliferation of Citizen Science initiatives has increased the expectations of practitioners who need data for design, analysis, management and research in environmental applications. Many Citizen Science experiences have reported tangible societal benefits related to improved governance of natural resources due to the involvement of citizens and communities. However, from the perspective of data generation, most of the literature on Citizen Science tends to regard it as a potentially cost-effective source of data, with major concerns about the quality of data. The Ground Truth 2.0 project brought the opportunity to examine the scope of this potential by analysing the value of citizen-generated data. We propose a methodology to account for the value of citizen observations as a function of their complementarity to existing environmental observations and the evolution of their costs in time. The application of the proposed methodology in the chosen case studies that were all established using a co-design approach shows that the cost of obtaining Citizen Science data is not as low as frequently stated in literature. This is because the costs associated with co-design events for creating a Citizen Science community, as well as the functional and technical design of the tools, are much higher than the costs of rolling out the actual observation campaigns. In none of the considered cases did an increment in the number of preparatory events translate into an immediate increase in the collected observations. Nevertheless, Citizen Science appears to have the greatest value in places where in-situ environmental monitoring is not implemented.
Published: 2022
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35. Methodology to Optimally Place Pressure Sensors for Leak Detection in Water Distribution Systems Using Value of Information

Author: López, E. Alfonso, L. and López, E. Alfonso, L.
Abstract: The presence of leaks in water distribution networks (WDN) is a problem of global concern that causes significant annual losses of treated water. Most efforts to solve this problem concentrate on the development of methods to help locate leaks in the least possible time. However, the decision to repair leaks is not always trivial because of their uncertain location, size, and other related consequences. For example, intervening places of difficult access or those that would generate major city disruptions may trigger the decision of not taking any action. This paper presents a methodology to determine the optimal location of pressure sensors for leak detection considering the concept of value of information (VOI) using a model-based optimization framework. The methodology allows for estimating the potential value of the data provided by a sensor in terms of its usefulness to assist decisions. The methodology, which also describes how to interpret VOI results, was applied to one of the water districts of a city in Western Europe. Results showed that the optimal VOI-based sensor placement outperformed the existing pressure sensor network for leak detection.
Published: 2022
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36. The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

Author: Jin, Shoko, Trager, Scott C., Dalton, Gavin B., Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Drew, J. E., Falcón-Barroso, Jesús, Gänsicke, Boris T., Hill, Vanessa, Iovino, Angela, Pieri, Matthew M., Poggianti, Bianca M., Smith, D. J. B., Vallenari, Antonella, Abrams, Don Carlos, Aguado, David S., Antoja, Teresa, Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso, Ascasibar, Yago, Babusiaux, Carine, Balcells, Marc, Barrena, R., Battaglia, Giuseppina, Belokurov, Vasily, Bensby, Thomas, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Bragaglia, Angela, Carrasco, Esperanza, Carrera, Ricardo, Cornwell, Daniel J., Domínguez-Palmero, Lilian, Duncan, Kenneth J., Famaey, Benoit, Fariña, Cecilia, Gonzalez, Oscar A., Guest, Steve, Hatch, Nina A., Hess, Kelley M., Hoskin, Matthew J., Irwin, Mike, Knapen, Johan H., Koposov, Sergey E., Kuchner, Ulrike, Laigle, Clotilde, Lewis, Jim, Longhetti, Marcella, Lucatello, Sara, Méndez-Abreu, Jairo, Mercurio, Amata, Molaeinezhad, Alireza, Monguió, Maria, Morrison, Sean, Murphy, David N. A., de Arriba, Luis Peralta, Pérez, Isabel, Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi, Picó, Sergio, Raddi, Roberto, Romero-Gómez, Mercè, Royer, Frédéric, Siebert, Arnaud, Seabroke, George M., Som, Debopam, Terrett, David, Thomas, Guillaume, Wesson, Roger, Worley, C. Clare, Alfaro, Emilio J., Prieto, Carlos Allende, Alonso-Santiago, Javier, Amos, Nicholas J., Ashley, Richard P., Balaguer-Núñez, Lola, Balbinot, Eduardo, Bellazzini, Michele, Benn, Chris R., Berlanas, Sara R., Bernard, Edouard J., Best, Philip, Bettoni, Daniela, Bianco, Andrea, Bishop, Georgia, Blomqvist, Michael, Boeche, Corrado, Bolzonella, Micol, Bonoli, Silvia, Bosma, Albert, Britavskiy, Nikolay, Busarello, Gianni, Caffau, Elisabetta, Cantat-Gaudin, Tristan, Castro-Ginard, Alfred, Couto, Guilherme, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, Juan, Carter, David, Casamiquela, Laia, Conrado, Ana M., Corcho-Caballero, Pablo, Costantin, Luca, Deason, Alis, de Burgos, Abel, De Grandi, Sabrina, Di Matteo, Paola, Domínguez-Gómez, Jesús, Dorda, Ricardo, Drake, Alyssa, Dutta, Rajeshwari, Erkal, Denis, Feltzing, Sofia, Ferré-Mateu, Anna, Feuillet, Diane, Figueras, Francesca, Fossat, Matteo, Franciosin, Elena, Frasca, Antonio, Fumagalli, Michele, Gallazzi, Anna, García-Benito, Rubén, Fusillo, Nicola Gentile, Gebran, Marwan, Gilbert, James, Gledhill, T. M., Delgado, Rosa M. González, Greimel, Robert, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Guerra, Jose, Gullieuszik, Marco, Haines, Christopher P., Hardcastle, Martin J., Harris, Amy, Haywood, Misha, Helmi, Amina, Hernandez, Nauzet, Herrero, Artemio, Hughes, Sarah, Irsic, Vid, Jablonka, Pascale, Jarvis, Matt J., Jordi, Carme, Kondapally, Rohit, Kordopatis, Georges, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, La Barbera, Francesco, Lam, Man I, Larsen, Søren S., Lemasle, Bertrand, Lewis, Ian J., Lhomé, Emilie, Lind, Karin, Lodi, Marcello, Longobardi, Alessia, Lonoce, Ilaria, Magrin, Laura, Apellániz, Jesús Maíz, Marchal, Olivier, Marco, Amparo, Martin, Nicolas F., Matsuno, Tadafumi, Maurogordato, Sophie, Merluzzi, Paola, Miralda-Escudé, Jordi, Molinari, Emilio, Monari, Giacomo, Morelli, Lorenzo, Mottram, Christopher J., Naylor, Tim, Negueruela, Ignacio, Oñorbe, Jose, Pancino, Elena, Peirani, Sébastien, Peletier, Reynier F., Pozzetti, Lucia, Rainer, Monica, Ramos, Pau, Read, Shaun C., Rossi, Elena Maria, Röttgering, Huub J. A., Rubiño-Martín, Jose Alberto, Montes, Jose Sabater, Juan, José San, Sanna, Nicoletta, Schallig, Ellen, Schiavon, Ricardo P., Schultheis, Mathias, Serra, Paolo, Shimwell, Timothy W., Simón-Díaz, Sergio, Smith, Russell J., Sordo, Rosanna, Sorini, Daniele, Soubiran, Caroline, Starkenburg, Else, Steele, Iain A., Stott, John, Stuik, Remko, Tolstoy, Eline, Tortora, Crescenzo, Tsantaki, Maria, Van der Swaelmen, Mathieu, van Weeren, Reinout J., Vergani, Daniela, Verheijen, Marc A. W., Verro, Kristiina, Vink, Jorick S., Vioque, Miguel, Walcher, C. Jakob, Walton, Nicholas A., Wegg, Christopher, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Williams, Wendy L., Wilson, Andrew J., Wright, Nicholas J., Xylakis-Dornbusch, Theodora, Youakim, Kris, Zibetti, Stefano, Zurita, Cristina, Jin, Shoko, Trager, Scott C., Dalton, Gavin B., Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Drew, J. E., Falcón-Barroso, Jesús, Gänsicke, Boris T., Hill, Vanessa, Iovino, Angela, Pieri, Matthew M., Poggianti, Bianca M., Smith, D. J. B., Vallenari, Antonella, Abrams, Don Carlos, Aguado, David S., Antoja, Teresa, Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso, Ascasibar, Yago, Babusiaux, Carine, Balcells, Marc, Barrena, R., Battaglia, Giuseppina, Belokurov, Vasily, Bensby, Thomas, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Bragaglia, Angela, Carrasco, Esperanza, Carrera, Ricardo, Cornwell, Daniel J., Domínguez-Palmero, Lilian, Duncan, Kenneth J., Famaey, Benoit, Fariña, Cecilia, Gonzalez, Oscar A., Guest, Steve, Hatch, Nina A., Hess, Kelley M., Hoskin, Matthew J., Irwin, Mike, Knapen, Johan H., Koposov, Sergey E., Kuchner, Ulrike, Laigle, Clotilde, Lewis, Jim, Longhetti, Marcella, Lucatello, Sara, Méndez-Abreu, Jairo, Mercurio, Amata, Molaeinezhad, Alireza, Monguió, Maria, Morrison, Sean, Murphy, David N. A., de Arriba, Luis Peralta, Pérez, Isabel, Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi, Picó, Sergio, Raddi, Roberto, Romero-Gómez, Mercè, Royer, Frédéric, Siebert, Arnaud, Seabroke, George M., Som, Debopam, Terrett, David, Thomas, Guillaume, Wesson, Roger, Worley, C. Clare, Alfaro, Emilio J., Prieto, Carlos Allende, Alonso-Santiago, Javier, Amos, Nicholas J., Ashley, Richard P., Balaguer-Núñez, Lola, Balbinot, Eduardo, Bellazzini, Michele, Benn, Chris R., Berlanas, Sara R., Bernard, Edouard J., Best, Philip, Bettoni, Daniela, Bianco, Andrea, Bishop, Georgia, Blomqvist, Michael, Boeche, Corrado, Bolzonella, Micol, Bonoli, Silvia, Bosma, Albert, Britavskiy, Nikolay, Busarello, Gianni, Caffau, Elisabetta, Cantat-Gaudin, Tristan, Castro-Ginard, Alfred, Couto, Guilherme, Carbajo-Hijarrubia, Juan, Carter, David, Casamiquela, Laia, Conrado, Ana M., Corcho-Caballero, Pablo, Costantin, Luca, Deason, Alis, de Burgos, Abel, De Grandi, Sabrina, Di Matteo, Paola, Domínguez-Gómez, Jesús, Dorda, Ricardo, Drake, Alyssa, Dutta, Rajeshwari, Erkal, Denis, Feltzing, Sofia, Ferré-Mateu, Anna, Feuillet, Diane, Figueras, Francesca, Fossat, Matteo, Franciosin, Elena, Frasca, Antonio, Fumagalli, Michele, Gallazzi, Anna, García-Benito, Rubén, Fusillo, Nicola Gentile, Gebran, Marwan, Gilbert, James, Gledhill, T. M., Delgado, Rosa M. González, Greimel, Robert, Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe, Guerra, Jose, Gullieuszik, Marco, Haines, Christopher P., Hardcastle, Martin J., Harris, Amy, Haywood, Misha, Helmi, Amina, Hernandez, Nauzet, Herrero, Artemio, Hughes, Sarah, Irsic, Vid, Jablonka, Pascale, Jarvis, Matt J., Jordi, Carme, Kondapally, Rohit, Kordopatis, Georges, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, La Barbera, Francesco, Lam, Man I, Larsen, Søren S., Lemasle, Bertrand, Lewis, Ian J., Lhomé, Emilie, Lind, Karin, Lodi, Marcello, Longobardi, Alessia, Lonoce, Ilaria, Magrin, Laura, Apellániz, Jesús Maíz, Marchal, Olivier, Marco, Amparo, Martin, Nicolas F., Matsuno, Tadafumi, Maurogordato, Sophie, Merluzzi, Paola, Miralda-Escudé, Jordi, Molinari, Emilio, Monari, Giacomo, Morelli, Lorenzo, Mottram, Christopher J., Naylor, Tim, Negueruela, Ignacio, Oñorbe, Jose, Pancino, Elena, Peirani, Sébastien, Peletier, Reynier F., Pozzetti, Lucia, Rainer, Monica, Ramos, Pau, Read, Shaun C., Rossi, Elena Maria, Röttgering, Huub J. A., Rubiño-Martín, Jose Alberto, Montes, Jose Sabater, Juan, José San, Sanna, Nicoletta, Schallig, Ellen, Schiavon, Ricardo P., Schultheis, Mathias, Serra, Paolo, Shimwell, Timothy W., Simón-Díaz, Sergio, Smith, Russell J., Sordo, Rosanna, Sorini, Daniele, Soubiran, Caroline, Starkenburg, Else, Steele, Iain A., Stott, John, Stuik, Remko, Tolstoy, Eline, Tortora, Crescenzo, Tsantaki, Maria, Van der Swaelmen, Mathieu, van Weeren, Reinout J., Vergani, Daniela, Verheijen, Marc A. W., Verro, Kristiina, Vink, Jorick S., Vioque, Miguel, Walcher, C. Jakob, Walton, Nicholas A., Wegg, Christopher, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Williams, Wendy L., Wilson, Andrew J., Wright, Nicholas J., Xylakis-Dornbusch, Theodora, Youakim, Kris, Zibetti, Stefano, and Zurita, Cristina
Abstract: WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366$-$959\,nm at $R\sim5000$, or two shorter ranges at $R\sim20\,000$. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for $\sim$3 million stars and detailed abundances for $\sim1.5$ million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey $\sim0.4$ million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey $\sim400$ neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in $z<0.5$ cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in $\sim25\,000$ field galaxies at $0.3\lesssim z \lesssim 0.7$; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using $>1$ million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at $z>2$. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator., Comment: 41 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication by MNRAS; updated version including information on individual grants in a revised Acknowledgements section, corrections to the affiliation list, and an updated references list
Published: 2022
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37. Forecasting the success of the WEAVE Wide-Field Cluster Survey on the extraction of the cosmic web filaments around galaxy clusters

Author: Cornwell, Daniel J., Kuchner, Ulrike, Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso, Gray, Meghan E., Pearce, Frazer R., Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Cui, Weiguang, Méndez-Abreu, J., de Arriba, Luis Peralta, Trager, Scott C., Cornwell, Daniel J., Kuchner, Ulrike, Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso, Gray, Meghan E., Pearce, Frazer R., Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Cui, Weiguang, Méndez-Abreu, J., de Arriba, Luis Peralta, and Trager, Scott C.
Abstract: Next-generation wide-field spectroscopic surveys will observe the infall regions around large numbers of galaxy clusters with high sampling rates for the first time. Here we assess the feasibility of extracting the large-scale cosmic web around clusters using forthcoming observations, given realistic observational constraints. We use a sample of 324 hydrodynamic zoom-in simulations of massive galaxy clusters from TheThreeHundred project to create a mock-observational catalogue spanning $5R_{200}$ around 160 analogue clusters. These analogues are matched in mass to the 16 clusters targetted by the forthcoming WEAVE Wide-Field Cluster Survey (WWFCS). We consider the effects of the fibre allocation algorithm on our sampling completeness and find that we successfully allocate targets to 81.7 $\% \pm$ 1.3 of the members in the cluster outskirts. We next test the robustness of the filament extraction algorithm by using a metric, $D_{\text{skel}}$, which quantifies the distance to the filament spine. We find that the median positional offset between reference and recovered filament networks is $D_{\text{skel}} = 0.13 \pm 0.02$ Mpc, much smaller than the typical filament radius of $\sim$ 1 Mpc. Cluster connectivity of the recovered network is not substantially affected. Our findings give confidence that the WWFCS will be able to reliably trace cosmic web filaments in the vicinity around massive clusters, forming the basis of environmental studies into the effects of pre-processing on galaxy evolution., Comment: 18 pages, 14 figures. Accepted by MNRAS for publication
Published: 2022
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38. Calibration at elevation of the WEAVE fibre positioner

Author: Hughes, Sarah, Dalton, Gavin, Dee, Kevin, Abrams, Don Carlos, Middleton, Kevin, Lewis, Ian, Terrett, David, Aguerri, Alfonso L., Balcells, Marc, Bishop, Georgia, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Carrasco, Esperanza, Trager, Scott, Vallenari, Antonella, Hughes, Sarah, Dalton, Gavin, Dee, Kevin, Abrams, Don Carlos, Middleton, Kevin, Lewis, Ian, Terrett, David, Aguerri, Alfonso L., Balcells, Marc, Bishop, Georgia, Bonifacio, Piercarlo, Carrasco, Esperanza, Trager, Scott, and Vallenari, Antonella
Abstract: WEAVE is the new wide-field spectroscopy facility for the prime focus of the William Herschel Telescope in La Palma, Spain. Its fibre positioner is essential for the accurate placement of the spectrograph's 960 fibre multiplex. We provide an overview of the recent maintenance, flexure modifications, and calibration measurements conducted at the observatory prior to the final top-end assembly. This work ensures that we have a complete understanding of the positioner's behaviour as it changes orientation during observations. All fibre systems have been inspected and repaired, and the tumbler structure contains new clamps to stiffen both the internal beam and the retractor support disk onto which the field plates attach. We present the updated metrology procedures and results that will be verified on-sky., Comment: 16 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2022
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39. Moving groups across Galactocentric radius with Gaia DR3

Author: Lucchini, Scott, Pellett, Emil, D'Onghia, Elena, Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Lucchini, Scott, Pellett, Emil, D'Onghia, Elena, and Aguerri, J. Alfonso L.
Abstract: The kinematic plane of stars near the Sun has proven an indispensable tool for untangling the complexities of the structure of our Milky Way (MW). With ever improving data, numerous kinematic "moving groups" of stars have been better characterized and new ones continue to be discovered. Here we present an improved method for detecting these groups using MGwave, a new open-source 2D wavelet transformation code that we have developed. Our code implements similar techniques to previous wavelet software; however, we include a more robust significance methodology and also allow for the investigation of underdensities which can eventually provide further information about the MW's non-axisymmetric features. Applying MGwave to the latest data release from Gaia (DR3), we detect 47 groups of stars with coherent velocities. We reproduce the majority of the previously detected moving groups in addition to identifying three additional significant candidates: one within Arcturus, and two in regions without much substructure at low $V_R$. Finally, we have followed these associations of stars beyond the solar neighborhood, from Galactocentric radius of 6.5 to 10 kpc. Most detected groups are extended throughout radius indicating that they are streams of stars possibly due to non-axisymmetric features of the MW., Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. MGwave code available at https://github.com/DOnghiaGroup/MGwave
Published: 2022
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40. The luminosity of cluster galaxies in the Cluster-EAGLE simulations

Author: Negri, Andrea, Vecchia, Claudio Dalla, Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Bahé, Yannick, Negri, Andrea, Vecchia, Claudio Dalla, Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., and Bahé, Yannick
Abstract: We computed the luminosity of simulated galaxies of the C-EAGLE project, a suite of 30 high-resolution zoom-in simulations of galaxy clusters based on the EAGLE simulation. The AB magnitudes are derived for different spectral bands, from ultraviolet to infrared, using the simple stellar population modeling based on the E-MILES stellar spectra library. We take into account obscuration due to dust in star forming regions and diffuse interstellar medium. The $g-r$ colour-stellar mass diagram, at z=0.1, presents a defined red sequence, reaching $g-r \simeq 0.8$, 0.05 dex redder than EAGLE at high masses, and a well populated blue cloud, when field galaxies are included. The clusters' inner regions are dominated by red-sequence galaxies at all masses, although a non-negligible amount of blue galaxies are still present. We adopt Bayesian inference to compute the clusters LFs, testing for statistical significance of both single and double Schechter functions. The multicolour LFs at z=0 show a knee luminosity that peaks in the infrared and increases with the cluster's mass. The faint-end is weakly dependent on colour and mass and shows an upturn in the optical, bounded between -1.25 and -1.39, just moderately steeper than the field. The simulations reproduce, within the observational errors, the spectroscopic LFs of the Hercules and Abell 85 clusters, including their faint end upturn. C-EAGLE LFs are in broad agreement with observed LFs taken from SDSS and XXL surveys, up to z=0.67, showing a rather flat faint end when the observational constrains are taken into account., Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, 7 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2022
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41. Photometric Signature of Ultra-Harmonic Resonances in Barred Galaxies

Author: Krishnarao, Dhanesh, Pace, Zachary J., D'Onghia, Elena, Aguerri, Alfonso L., McClure, Rachel L., Peterken, Thomas, Fernandez-Trincado, Jose G., Merrifield, Michael, Masters, Karen L., Garma-Oehmichen, Luis, Boardman, Nicholas Fraser, Bershady, Matthew, Drory, Niv, Lane, Richard R., Krishnarao, Dhanesh, Pace, Zachary J., D'Onghia, Elena, Aguerri, Alfonso L., McClure, Rachel L., Peterken, Thomas, Fernandez-Trincado, Jose G., Merrifield, Michael, Masters, Karen L., Garma-Oehmichen, Luis, Boardman, Nicholas Fraser, Bershady, Matthew, Drory, Niv, and Lane, Richard R.
Abstract: Bars may induce morphological features, such as rings, through their resonances. Previous studies suggested that the presence of 'dark-gaps', or regions of a galaxy where the difference between the surface brightness along the bar major axis and along the bar minor axis are maximal, can be attributed to the location of bar corotation. Here, using GALAKOS, a high-resolution N-body simulation of a barred galaxy, we test this photometric method's ability to identify the bar corotation resonance. Contrary to previous work, our results indicate that 'dark-gaps' are a clear sign of the location of the 4:1 ultra-harmonic resonance instead of bar corotation. Measurements of the bar corotation can indirectly be inferred using kinematic information, e.g., by measuring the shape of the rotation curve. We demonstrate our concept on a sample of 578 face-on barred galaxies with both imaging and integral field observations and find the sample likely consists primarily of fast bars., Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2022
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42. Using the 9th–11th rib section to predict carcase tissue composition in Blackbelly sheep

Author: Escalante-Clemente, Samuel, Vázquez-Jiménez, Samuel, López-Durán, Saravasti K., Arcos-Alvarez, Darwin N., Arbez-Abnal, Tomas A., Piñeiro-Vazquez, Ángel T., Muñoz-Benítez, Alfonso L., Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Einar, Chay-Canul, Alfonso J., Escalante-Clemente, Samuel, Vázquez-Jiménez, Samuel, López-Durán, Saravasti K., Arcos-Alvarez, Darwin N., Arbez-Abnal, Tomas A., Piñeiro-Vazquez, Ángel T., Muñoz-Benítez, Alfonso L., Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Einar, and Chay-Canul, Alfonso J.
Abstract: The study aimed at developing predictive equations to estimate carcase tissue composition in Blackbelly sheep using the 9th–11th rib section and to evaluate its accuracy and precision. Twenty male growing Blackbelly sheep with a bodyweight (BW) of 29 ± 3 kg were slaughtered. Data from carcase and non-carcase components were recorded. Thereafter, the left half carcase was weighed and dissected to record weights of fat (CF), muscle (CM), and bone (CB). Also, the 9th–11th section was dissected for muscle, fat and bone (MRib, FRib, BRib, respectively). The MRib and FRib were moderate to highly correlated (p <.001) with CM and the r values ranged from 0.47 to 0.82, while the FRib and the CF were positive correlated (r = 0.68, p <.001). Also the left half carcase weight (LHCW) was positively correlated (p <.001) with carcase tissues and the r values ranged from 0.57 for CF to 0.93 CM. Regression equations developed for predicting CM, CF and CB in Blackbelly sheep using the 9th–11th rib section had an r2 that ranged from 0.61 to 0.90. Predictions had moderate to high precision (r2 > 0.59 ≤ and ≤ 0.92). All equations had high accuracy (> 0.96), moderate to high reproducibility index and concordance (CCC > 0.74 and ≤ 0.96) and moderate to high efficiency of prediction (from 0.58 to 0.91). Overall, results showed that the 9th–11th rib section could accurately be used as an option for predicting carcase tissue composition in Blackbelly sheep.HIGHLIGHTS Muscle and fat from the 9th–11th rib section were moderate to highly correlated with carcase muscle weight. Fat from the 9th–11th rib section was positive and moderate correlated with carcase fat weight. The 9th–11th rib section could be used as an option for predicting carcase tissue composition in Blackbelly sheep.
Published: 2022

43. Prediction of carcase characteristics using neck traits from hair-sheep ewes

Author: Rivera-Alegria, Flor de María, Ríos-Rincón, Francisco G., Macías-Cruz, Ulises, Garcia-Herrera, Ricardo A., Herrera-Camacho, José, Benaouda, Mohammed, Angeles-Hernandez, Juan C., Muñoz-Benítez, Alfonso L., Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Einar, Chay-Canul, Alfonso J., Rivera-Alegria, Flor de María, Ríos-Rincón, Francisco G., Macías-Cruz, Ulises, Garcia-Herrera, Ricardo A., Herrera-Camacho, José, Benaouda, Mohammed, Angeles-Hernandez, Juan C., Muñoz-Benítez, Alfonso L., Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Einar, and Chay-Canul, Alfonso J.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to develop predictive equations for carcase composition using neck tissue composition as predictors in multiparous Pelibuey ewes (n=50, body weight = 39 ± 7 kg and body condition score = 2.56 ± 0.98 points) were used to develop predictive equations for carcase tissue composition and weight from neck composition traits applying multiple linear regression. The accuracy of the model was evaluated considering the values of determination coefficient (r 2) and root mean square error (RMSE). Carcase and neck traits showed a positive relationship (p ˂.01) and the correlation coefficient (r) ranged from 0.44 to 0.78, being stronger for hot (HCW) and cold (CCW) carcase weights with neck traits. Except for neck bone weight, all neck traits resulted to be suitable predictor variables (p ˂.0001) for carcase muscle (MW) and fat (FW) weight as r 2 values ranged from 0.63 to 0.74. In the equation for carcase bone weight, only neck muscle weight was a predictor. However, r 2 value was low (r 2 = 0.29; p ˂.0001). Overall, results suggest that carcase and neck traits showed a positive relationship. The weight of the neck and its content of muscle and fat could be used to predict the composition of the carcase tissue in non-pregnant and non-lactating multiparous Pelibuey ewes.Highlights The relationship between carcase composition and neck tissue from Pelibuey ewes was evaluated. Except for neck bone weight, all neck traits resulted to be suitable predictor variables for carcase muscle and fat. The neck traits can be used to predict carcase tissue composition in multiparous Pelibuey ewes.
Published: 2022

44. Prediction of carcase characteristics using neck traits from hair-sheep ewes

Author: Rivera-Alegria, Flor de María, Ríos-Rincón, Francisco G., Macías-Cruz, Ulises, Garcia-Herrera, Ricardo A., Herrera-Camacho, José, Benaouda, Mohammed, Angeles-Hernandez, Juan C., Muñoz-Benítez, Alfonso L., Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Einar, Chay-Canul, Alfonso J., Rivera-Alegria, Flor de María, Ríos-Rincón, Francisco G., Macías-Cruz, Ulises, Garcia-Herrera, Ricardo A., Herrera-Camacho, José, Benaouda, Mohammed, Angeles-Hernandez, Juan C., Muñoz-Benítez, Alfonso L., Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Einar, and Chay-Canul, Alfonso J.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to develop predictive equations for carcase composition using neck tissue composition as predictors in multiparous Pelibuey ewes (n=50, body weight = 39 ± 7 kg and body condition score = 2.56 ± 0.98 points) were used to develop predictive equations for carcase tissue composition and weight from neck composition traits applying multiple linear regression. The accuracy of the model was evaluated considering the values of determination coefficient (r 2) and root mean square error (RMSE). Carcase and neck traits showed a positive relationship (p ˂.01) and the correlation coefficient (r) ranged from 0.44 to 0.78, being stronger for hot (HCW) and cold (CCW) carcase weights with neck traits. Except for neck bone weight, all neck traits resulted to be suitable predictor variables (p ˂.0001) for carcase muscle (MW) and fat (FW) weight as r 2 values ranged from 0.63 to 0.74. In the equation for carcase bone weight, only neck muscle weight was a predictor. However, r 2 value was low (r 2 = 0.29; p ˂.0001). Overall, results suggest that carcase and neck traits showed a positive relationship. The weight of the neck and its content of muscle and fat could be used to predict the composition of the carcase tissue in non-pregnant and non-lactating multiparous Pelibuey ewes.Highlights The relationship between carcase composition and neck tissue from Pelibuey ewes was evaluated. Except for neck bone weight, all neck traits resulted to be suitable predictor variables for carcase muscle and fat. The neck traits can be used to predict carcase tissue composition in multiparous Pelibuey ewes.
Published: 2022

45. Using the 9th–11th rib section to predict carcase tissue composition in Blackbelly sheep

Author: Escalante-Clemente, Samuel, Vázquez-Jiménez, Samuel, López-Durán, Saravasti K., Arcos-Alvarez, Darwin N., Arbez-Abnal, Tomas A., Piñeiro-Vazquez, Ángel T., Muñoz-Benítez, Alfonso L., Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Einar, Chay-Canul, Alfonso J., Escalante-Clemente, Samuel, Vázquez-Jiménez, Samuel, López-Durán, Saravasti K., Arcos-Alvarez, Darwin N., Arbez-Abnal, Tomas A., Piñeiro-Vazquez, Ángel T., Muñoz-Benítez, Alfonso L., Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Einar, and Chay-Canul, Alfonso J.
Abstract: The study aimed at developing predictive equations to estimate carcase tissue composition in Blackbelly sheep using the 9th–11th rib section and to evaluate its accuracy and precision. Twenty male growing Blackbelly sheep with a bodyweight (BW) of 29 ± 3 kg were slaughtered. Data from carcase and non-carcase components were recorded. Thereafter, the left half carcase was weighed and dissected to record weights of fat (CF), muscle (CM), and bone (CB). Also, the 9th–11th section was dissected for muscle, fat and bone (MRib, FRib, BRib, respectively). The MRib and FRib were moderate to highly correlated (p <.001) with CM and the r values ranged from 0.47 to 0.82, while the FRib and the CF were positive correlated (r = 0.68, p <.001). Also the left half carcase weight (LHCW) was positively correlated (p <.001) with carcase tissues and the r values ranged from 0.57 for CF to 0.93 CM. Regression equations developed for predicting CM, CF and CB in Blackbelly sheep using the 9th–11th rib section had an r2 that ranged from 0.61 to 0.90. Predictions had moderate to high precision (r2 > 0.59 ≤ and ≤ 0.92). All equations had high accuracy (> 0.96), moderate to high reproducibility index and concordance (CCC > 0.74 and ≤ 0.96) and moderate to high efficiency of prediction (from 0.58 to 0.91). Overall, results showed that the 9th–11th rib section could accurately be used as an option for predicting carcase tissue composition in Blackbelly sheep.HIGHLIGHTS Muscle and fat from the 9th–11th rib section were moderate to highly correlated with carcase muscle weight. Fat from the 9th–11th rib section was positive and moderate correlated with carcase fat weight. The 9th–11th rib section could be used as an option for predicting carcase tissue composition in Blackbelly sheep.
Published: 2022

46. Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

Author: Borzenkov, M, Pallavicini, P, Taglietti, A, D'Alfonso, L, Collini, M, Chirico, G, Borzenkov M., Pallavicini P., Taglietti A., D'Alfonso L., Collini M., Chirico G., Borzenkov, M, Pallavicini, P, Taglietti, A, D'Alfonso, L, Collini, M, Chirico, G, Borzenkov M., Pallavicini P., Taglietti A., D'Alfonso L., Collini M., and Chirico G.
Abstract: Bacterial contamination is a severe issue that affects medical devices, hospital tools and surfaces. When microorganisms adhere to a surface (e.g., medical devices or implants) they can develop into a biofilm, thereby becoming more resistant to conventional biocides and disinfectants. Nanoparticles can be used as an antibacterial agent in medical instruments or as a protective coating in implantable devices. In particular, attention is being drawn to photothermally active nanoparticles that are capable of converting absorbed light into heat. These nanoparticles can efficiently eradicate bacteria and biofilms upon light activation (predominantly near the infrared to near-infrared spectral region) due a rapid and pronounced local temperature increase. By using this approach new, protective, antibacterial surfaces and materials can be developed that can be remotely activated on demand. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the art regarding the application of various photothermally active nanoparticles and their corresponding nanocomposites for the light-triggered eradication of bacteria and biofilms.
Published: 2020

47. Self-assembled monolayers of copper sulfide nanoparticles on glass as antibacterial coatings

Author: Gargioni, C, Borzenkov, M, D'Alfonso, L, Sperandeo, P, Polissi, A, Cucca, L, Dacarro, G, Grisoli, P, Pallavicini, P, D'Agostino, A, Taglietti, A, Gargioni C., Borzenkov M., D'alfonso L., Sperandeo P., Polissi A., Cucca L., Dacarro G., Grisoli P., Pallavicini P., D'agostino A., Taglietti A., Gargioni, C, Borzenkov, M, D'Alfonso, L, Sperandeo, P, Polissi, A, Cucca, L, Dacarro, G, Grisoli, P, Pallavicini, P, D'Agostino, A, Taglietti, A, Gargioni C., Borzenkov M., D'alfonso L., Sperandeo P., Polissi A., Cucca L., Dacarro G., Grisoli P., Pallavicini P., D'agostino A., and Taglietti A.
Abstract: We developed an easy and reproducible synthetic method to graft a monolayer of copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NP) on glass and exploited their particular antibacterial features. Samples were fully characterized showing a good stability, a neat photo-thermal effect when irradiated in the Near InfraRed (NIR) region (in the so called “biological window”), and the ability to release controlled quantities of copper in water. The desired antibacterial activity is thus based on two different mechanisms: (i) slow and sustained copper release from CuS NP-glass samples, (ii) local temperature increase caused by a photo-thermal effect under NIR laser irradiation of CuS NP–glass samples. This behavior allows promising in vivo applications to be foreseen, ensuring a “static” antibacterial protection tailored to fight bacterial adhesion in the critical timescale of possible infection and biofilm formation. This can be reinforced, when needed, by a photo-thermal action switchable on demand by an NIR light.
Published: 2020

48. The dwarf galaxy population in nearby clusters from the KIWICS survey

Author: Choque-Challapa, Nelvy, Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Piña, Pavel E. Mancera, Peletier, Reynier, Venhola, Aku, Verheijen, Marc, Choque-Challapa, Nelvy, Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Piña, Pavel E. Mancera, Peletier, Reynier, Venhola, Aku, and Verheijen, Marc
Abstract: We analyse a sample of twelve galaxy clusters, from the Kapteyn IAC WEAVE INT Cluster Survey (KIWICS) looking for dwarf galaxy candidates. By using photometric data in the $r$ and $g$ bands from the Wide Field Camera (WFC) at the 2.5-m Isaac Newton telescope (INT), we select a sample of bright dwarf galaxies (M$_r$ $\leq$ -15.5 mag) in each cluster and analyse their spatial distribution, stellar colour, and as well as their S\'ersic index and effective radius. We quantify the dwarf fraction inside the $R_{200}$ radius of each cluster, which ranges from $\sim$ 0.7 to $\sim$ 0.9. Additionally, when comparing the fraction in the inner region with the outermost region of the clusters, we find that the fraction of dwarfs tends to increase going to the outer regions. We also study the clustercentric distance distribution of dwarf and giant galaxies (M$_r$ $<$ -19.0 mag), and in half of the clusters of our sample, the dwarfs are distributed in a statistically different way as the giants, with the giant galaxies being closer to the cluster centre. We analyse the stellar colour of the dwarf candidates and quantify the fraction of blue dwarfs inside the $R_{200}$ radius, which is found to be less than $\sim$ 0.4, but increases with distance from the cluster centre. Regarding the structural parameters, the S\'ersic index for the dwarfs we visually classify as early type dwarfs tends to be higher in the inner region of the cluster. These results indicate the role that the cluster environment plays in shaping the observational properties of low-mass halos., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2021
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49. Fossil group origins. XI. The dependence of galaxy orbits on the magnitude gap

Author: Zarattini, Stefano, Biviano, Andrea, Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Girardi, Marisa, D'Onghia, Elena, Zarattini, Stefano, Biviano, Andrea, Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Girardi, Marisa, and D'Onghia, Elena
Abstract: We aim to study how the orbits of galaxies in clusters depend on the prominence of the corresponding central galaxies. We divided our data set of $\sim$ 100 clusters and groups into four samples based on their magnitude gap between the two brightest members, $\Delta m_{12}$. We then stacked all the systems in each sample, in order to create four stacked clusters, and derive the mass and velocity anisotropy profiles for the four groups of clusters using the MAMPOSSt procedure. Once the mass profile is known, we also obtain the (non parametric) velocity anisotropy profile via the inversion of the Jeans equation. In systems with the largest $\Delta m_{12}$, galaxy orbits are prevalently radial, except near the centre, where orbits are isotropic (or tangential when also the central galaxies are considered in the analysis). In the other three samples with smaller $\Delta m_{12}$, galaxy orbits are isotropic or only mildly radial. Our study supports the results of numerical simulations that identify radial orbits of galaxies as the cause of an increasing $\Delta m_{12}$ in groups., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, and 6 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2021
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50. Properties of Fossil Groups of Galaxies

Author: Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., Zarattini, Stefano, Aguerri, J. Alfonso L., and Zarattini, Stefano
Abstract: We review the formation and evolution of fossil groups and clusters from both the theoretical and the observational points of view. In the optical band, these systems are dominated by the light of the central galaxy. They were interpreted as old systems that had enough time to merge all the M* galaxies within the central one. During the last two decades many observational studies were performed to prove the old and relaxed state of fossil systems. The majority of these studies, that spans a wide range of topics including halos global scaling relations, dynamical substructures, stellar populations, and galaxy luminosity functions, seem to challenge this scenario. The general picture that can be obtained by reviewing all the observational works is that the fossil state could be transitional. Indeed, the formation of the large magnitude gap observed in fossil systems could be related to internal processes rather than an old formation., Comment: 25 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. This review article is part of the special issue The Physical Properties of the Groups of Galaxies, edited by L. Lovisari and S. Ettori. Published in MDPI - Universe: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/universe/special_issues/PPGG
Published: 2021
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