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I dagens samhälle har det blivit alltmer populärt att bygga höga bostadshus i trä. Allt fler som planerar att bygga nytt föredrar att använda trä som byggmaterial eftersom det är hållbart och har en betydligt mindre klimatpåverkan än andra vanliga byggmaterial. Moderna byggtekniker innebär ofta att olika material kombineras i den lastbärande stommen för bostads- och andra byggnader. Detta skapar nya lösningar som är mer tids- och kostnadseffektiva än traditionella konstruktionsmetoder. Trots fördelarna finns det utmaningar med hybridkonstruktioner, särskilt hur betong och limträ reagerar olika på korttids- respektive långtidslaster. Detta kan orsaka sprickor och deformationer i byggnaden. Denna studie undersöker hur deformationer orsakade av vertikala laster i en specifik typ av hybridkonstruktion kan reduceras på ett effektivt sätt. Studien beaktar egenskaperna hos de olika materialen i hybridkonstruktionen, som består av betong och trä, och några av de utmaningar som finns vid byggnation av hybridkonstruktioner samt introducerar nytänkande konstruktionslösningar. Syftet med studien är att undersöka två olika fall för att reducera deformationen i träregelns knutpunkter. Genom att minska deformationen i dessa knutpunkter kan prestandan hos hybridkonstruktioner med betongkärna förbättras. Minskade vertikala deformationer möjliggör byggandet av högre och större konstruktioner utan problem som sprickor, svårigheter att öppna dörrar, eller sneda bjälklag. Studien består av en teoretisk del, som inkluderar en litteraturstudie om trämaterial, och en experimentell del, där två innovativa idéer testas som en lösning på ett återkommande problem i hybridkonstruktioner. I den experimentella delen används konstruktionsvirke av kvalitet C24 med tvärsnitt 45x95 millimeter och höjd 300 millimeter, som utsätts för vertikal belastning i tre olika uppsättningar. I fall 1 är provkropparna hela och belastas med en vertikal last. I fall 2 är provkropparna kapade på mitten och belastas m, In today's society, it has become increasingly popular to build tall residential buildings out of wood. More and more people planning new constructions prefer to use wood as a building material because it is sustainable and has significantly less environmental impact than other common building materials. Modern construction techniques often involve combining different materials in the load-bearing framework of residential and other buildings. Despite the advantages, there are challenges with hybrid constructions, particularly how concrete and glulam react differently to short-term and long-term loads. This difference can lead to creep, which in turn can cause cracks and deformations in the building. This study investigates how deformations caused by vertical loads in a specific type of hybrid construction can be effectively reduced. The study considers the properties of the different materials in the hybrid construction, which consists of concrete and glulam, and highlights some of the challenges in building hybrid constructions while introducing innovative construction solutions. The purpose of the study is to examine three different ways to reduce the deformation at the joints of wooden beams. By reducing the deformation at these joints, the performance of hybrid constructions with a concrete core can be improved. Reduced vertical deformations allow for the construction of taller and larger buildings without issues such as cracks, difficulties in opening doors, or non-horizontal floors. The study consists of a theoretical part, including a literature review on wood material, and an experimental part, where an innovative idea is tested as a solution to hybrid constructions. In the experimental part, timber of quality C24 with a cross-section of 45x95 millimeters and a height of 300 millimeters is used, subjected to vertical load in three different cases. In case 1, the specimens are whole and subjected to a vertical load. In case 2, the specimens are cut in half an

I dagens samhälle har det blivit alltmer populärt att bygga höga bostadshus i trä. Allt fler som planerar att bygga nytt föredrar att använda trä som byggmaterial eftersom det är hållbart och har en betydligt mindre klimatpåverkan än andra vanliga byggmaterial. Moderna byggtekniker innebär ofta att olika material kombineras i den lastbärande stommen för bostads- och andra byggnader. Detta skapar nya lösningar som är mer tids- och kostnadseffektiva än traditionella konstruktionsmetoder. Trots fördelarna finns det utmaningar med hybridkonstruktioner, särskilt hur betong och limträ reagerar olika på korttids- respektive långtidslaster. Detta kan orsaka sprickor och deformationer i byggnaden. Denna studie undersöker hur deformationer orsakade av vertikala laster i en specifik typ av hybridkonstruktion kan reduceras på ett effektivt sätt. Studien beaktar egenskaperna hos de olika materialen i hybridkonstruktionen, som består av betong och trä, och några av de utmaningar som finns vid byggnation av hybridkonstruktioner samt introducerar nytänkande konstruktionslösningar. Syftet med studien är att undersöka två olika fall för att reducera deformationen i träregelns knutpunkter. Genom att minska deformationen i dessa knutpunkter kan prestandan hos hybridkonstruktioner med betongkärna förbättras. Minskade vertikala deformationer möjliggör byggandet av högre och större konstruktioner utan problem som sprickor, svårigheter att öppna dörrar, eller sneda bjälklag. Studien består av en teoretisk del, som inkluderar en litteraturstudie om trämaterial, och en experimentell del, där två innovativa idéer testas som en lösning på ett återkommande problem i hybridkonstruktioner. I den experimentella delen används konstruktionsvirke av kvalitet C24 med tvärsnitt 45x95 millimeter och höjd 300 millimeter, som utsätts för vertikal belastning i tre olika uppsättningar. I fall 1 är provkropparna hela och belastas med en vertikal last. I fall 2 är provkropparna kapade på mitten och belastas m, In today's society, it has become increasingly popular to build tall residential buildings out of wood. More and more people planning new constructions prefer to use wood as a building material because it is sustainable and has significantly less environmental impact than other common building materials. Modern construction techniques often involve combining different materials in the load-bearing framework of residential and other buildings. Despite the advantages, there are challenges with hybrid constructions, particularly how concrete and glulam react differently to short-term and long-term loads. This difference can lead to creep, which in turn can cause cracks and deformations in the building. This study investigates how deformations caused by vertical loads in a specific type of hybrid construction can be effectively reduced. The study considers the properties of the different materials in the hybrid construction, which consists of concrete and glulam, and highlights some of the challenges in building hybrid constructions while introducing innovative construction solutions. The purpose of the study is to examine three different ways to reduce the deformation at the joints of wooden beams. By reducing the deformation at these joints, the performance of hybrid constructions with a concrete core can be improved. Reduced vertical deformations allow for the construction of taller and larger buildings without issues such as cracks, difficulties in opening doors, or non-horizontal floors. The study consists of a theoretical part, including a literature review on wood material, and an experimental part, where an innovative idea is tested as a solution to hybrid constructions. In the experimental part, timber of quality C24 with a cross-section of 45x95 millimeters and a height of 300 millimeters is used, subjected to vertical load in three different cases. In case 1, the specimens are whole and subjected to a vertical load. In case 2, the specimens are cut in half an

Die hier dargelegte Dissertation ist motiviert durch die Vorschläge von Joyce, Doan und Walpuski zur Definitionen enumerativer Invarianten für G2-Mannigfaltigkeit, durch das Zählen gewisser kalibrierter Untermannigfaltigkeiten, sogenannter assoziativen Untermannigfaltigkeiten. In Kapitel 1, werde ich Definitionen und grundlegende Fakten über G2-Mannigfaltigkeit und deren assoziative Untermannigfaltigkeit wiederholen. Darüber hinaus erläutere ich die Konstruktion von G2-Mannigfaltigkeit als verdrehte verbundener Summe. Kapitel 2 schafft die nötige Grundlage für das darauf folgende dritte Kapitel. Hier definiere ich den Modul-Raum der asymptotisch zylindrischen assoziativen Untermannigfaltigkeiten zusammen mit seiner natürlichen Topologie und zeige, dass der Modul-Raum lokal homeomorph zur Urbild-Menge der Null einer glatten Abbildung zwischen zwei endlich-dimensionalen Räu- men ist. In besonderen Fällen ist dieser Modul-Raum eine Lagrangesche Untermannigfaltigkeit des Modul Raums der holomorphen Kurven einer asymptotisch zylindrischen Calabi-Yau Man- nigfaltigkeit. In Kapitel 3 beweise ich ein Klebe-Theorem für ein Paar von asymptotisch zylindrischen as- soziativen Untermannigfaltigkeiten in einem zusammenpassenden Paar von asymptotisch zylin- drischen G2-Mannigfaltigkeiten. Hiermit konstruiere ich neue geschlossene und starre (rigid) assoziative Untermannigfaltigkeiten in verdrehten verbundenen Summe G2-Mannigfaltigkeiten. In Kapitel 4 untersuche ich den Modul-Raum der konisch singulären assoziativen Un- termannigfaltigkeiten in G2-Mannigfaltigkeiten. Durch das Umformulieren des Indexes des Operators, der die Deformationstheorie kontrolliert, in bestimmte Stabilität-Indizes des zu- grundeliegenden assoziativen Kegels begründe ich, dass in einem generischen Pfad in dem Raum der ko-geschlossenen G2-Strukturen keine asymptotisch konischen assoziative Unter- mannigfaltigkeiten existieren, die mindestens eine Singularität besitzen, die auf einem Kegel mit Stabiltätsindex, The dissertation presented here is motivated from the proposals made by Joyce, Doan and Walpuski to define enumerative invariants of G2-manifolds by counting certain calibrated submanifolds, called associative submanifolds. In Chapter 1, I review the definitions and basic facts of G2-manifolds and associative submanifolds. Moreover, I explain the construction of G2-manifolds as twisted connected sums. Chapter 2 serves as a necessary groundwork for Chapter 3. Here, I define the moduli space of asymptotically cylindrical associative submanifolds with its natural topology and prove that the moduli space is locally homeomorphic to the zero set of a smooth map between two finite-dimensional spaces. In the best scenario, this moduli space is a Lagrangian submanifold of the moduli space of holomorphic curves in the asymptotic Calabi-Yau 3-fold. In Chapter 3, I prove a gluing theorem for a pair of asymptotically cylindrical associative submanifolds in a matching pair of asymptotically cylindrical G2-manifolds. Using this I construct new closed and rigid associative submanifolds of twisted connected sum G2-manifolds. In Chapter 4, I study the moduli space of conically singular associative submanifolds in G2-manifolds. By reformulating the index of the operator that controls the deformation theory in terms of certain stability-index of the associative cones, I establish that in a generic path of co-closed G2-structures there are no conically singular associative submanifolds that have at least one singularity modeled on a cone of stability-index greater than one. This result applies to all special Lagrangian cones, except the Harvey-Lawson T2-cone and a union of two special Lagrangian planes. Additionally, it applies to all associative cones whose links are null-torsion holomorphic curves in S6. Furthermore, parts of Chapter 4 also serve as a necessary groundwork for Chapter 5. The naive counting of associative submanifolds does not lead to an invariant due to several transit

In this thesis we want to understand properties of families of stable sheaves. First we give a quick introduction to the topic. Then we look at three specific topics regarding families of stable sheaves: a) stability of wrong-way fibers, b) wrong-way fibers and integral functors and c) noncommutative surfaces and deformations. For each topic we collect known results and describe the state-of-the-art methods to study these properties. We end each section with open questions. Then we give a quick summary of our results answering some of the open questions.

We consider the task of reconstructing polytopes with fixed facet directions from finitely many support function evaluations. We show that for a fixed simplicial normal fan, the least-squares estimate is given by a convex quadratic program. We study the geometry of the solution set and give a combinatorial characterization for the uniqueness of the reconstruction in this case. We provide an algorithm that, under mild assumptions, converges to the unknown input shape as the number of noisy support function evaluations increases. We also discuss limitations of our results if the restriction on the normal fan is removed., QC 20231024

his article delves into the relation between the deformation theory of finite morphisms to projective space and the existence of ropes, embedded in projective space, with certain invariants. We focus on the case of canonical double covers X of a minimal rational surface Y, embedded in P-N by a complete linear series, and carpets on Y, canonically embedded in P-N. We prove that these canonical double covers always deform to double covers and that canonically embedded carpets on Y do not exist. This fact parallels the results known for hyperelliptic canonical morphisms of curves and canonical ribbons, and the results for K3 double covers of surfaces of minimal degree and Enriques surfaces and K3 carpets. That canonical double covers of minimal rational surfaces should deform to double covers is not a priori obvious, for the invariants of most of these surfaces lie on or above the Castelnuovo line; thus, in principle, deformations of such covers could have birational canonical maps. In fact, many canonical double covers of non-minimal rational surfaces do deform to birational canonical morphisms. We also map the region of the geography of surfaces of general type corresponding to the surfaces X and we compute the dimension of the irreducible moduli component containing [X]. In certain cases we exhibit some interesting moduli components parameterizing surfaces S with the same invariants as X but with birational canonical map, unlike X., UCM, Simons Foundation, GRF of the University of Kansas, Depto. de Álgebra, Geometría y Topología, Fac. de Ciencias Matemáticas, Instituto de Matemática Interdisciplinar (IMI), TRUE, pub

©IOP Publishing. The author is in debt with Luis Martínez Alonso and Elena Medina, coauthors of [18], paper on which the present one is partially based. Partial economical support from Dirección General de Enseñanza Superior e Investigación Científica no BFM2002-01607 is also acknowledge., We introduce an S-function formulation for the recently found rth dispersionless modified KP and rth dispersionless Dym hierarchies, giving also a connection of these S-functions with the Orlov functions of the hierarchies. Then, we discuss a reduction scheme for the hierarchies that together with the S-function formulation leads to hodograph systems for the associated solutions. We consider also the connection of these reductions with those of the dispersionless KP hierarchy and with hydrodynamic-type systems. In particular, for the one-component and two-component reduction we derive, for both hierarchies, ample sets of examples of explicit solutions., Dirección General de Enseñanza Superior e Investigación Científica, Depto. de Física Teórica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

©Springer. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Research Project No. FIS2008-00200/FIS)., We completely describe the singular sectors of the one-layer Benney system (classical long-wave equation) and dispersionless Toda system. The associated Euler-Poisson-Darboux equations E(1/2, 1/2) and E(-1/2,-1/2) are the main tool in the analysis. We give a complete list of solutions of the one-layer Benney system depending on two parameters and belonging to the singular sector. We discuss the relation between Euler-Poisson-Darboux equations E(ɛ, ɛ) with the opposite sign of ɛ., Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Spain, Depto. de Física Teórica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

We show that the only indecomposable solvable Leibniz non-Lie algebra L0 with nilradical of maximal nilpotence index is rigid in any dimension, andmoreover that it is complete, i.e., only possesses inner derivations. The possible contractions of L0 onto Lie algebras are obtained., MICINN, Depto. de Álgebra, Geometría y Topología, Fac. de Ciencias Matemáticas, Instituto de Matemática Interdisciplinar (IMI), TRUE, pub

We present the performance of real-time (RT)-precise point positioning (PPP) and GNSS-based variometric approach for displacement analysis stand-alone engine (VADASE) methods in capturing dynamic motions in real time. To examine the effectiveness of the two RT methods, different cases, including harmonic motions in various frequency and amplitude ranges, two ground motions similar to those experienced during a real earthquake, and step motions, were generated using a shake table. RT-PPP and VADASE results based on global positioning systems (GPS) observations at a 20 Hz sampling rate were compared with results of the linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) sensor and relative positioning (RP) in the frequency and time domains. Frequency-domain outcomes demonstrated that both RT-based techniques can precisely detect dominant frequencies of the tested motions. However, the time domain results showed that the VADASE can capture the dynamic displacements slightly better than the RT-PPP. While the RMSE values of the differences between the RT-PPP technique and the LVDT vary between 2.3 and 11.6 mm, these values ranged from 1.4 to 6.00 mm for the VADASE approach. Results of earthquake simulation and step motion tests indicated that the VADASE provides more accurate and reliable results than the RT-PPP. It was concluded that the RT-PPP and VADASE approaches can significantly contribute to real-time determination of accurate displacement and natural frequencies of engineering structures and seismic waveforms. They have potential benefits for structural health monitoring, earthquake/tsunami early warning systems, and rapid risk assessment applications.

The Eulerian distortion field is an essential ingredient for the continuum modeling of finite elastic and inelastic deformations of materials; however, its relation to finer levels of description has not yet been established. This paper provides a definition of the Eulerian distortion field in terms of the arrangement of the constituent microscopic particles, which is beneficial for fundamental studies as well as for the analysis of computer simulations, e.g., molecular dynamics simulations. Using coarse graining and nonequilibrium thermodynamics, the dynamics of the Eulerian distortion field is examined in detail and related to the underlying dynamics of the particles. First, the usual kinematics of the distortion and the known expression for the Cauchy stress tensor are recovered. And second, it is found that the Mandel stress and the plastic deformation-rate tensor in the natural configuration constitute the relevant force–flux pair for the relaxation of the distortion. Finally, the procedure is illustrated on two examples, namely on an amorphous solid and on a crystalline solid with one slip system.

[ES] El pretensado es un sistema que nace para la optimización de los recursos al igual que el hormigón armado. Aquí daremos un recorrido por las primeras patentes que intentan introducir la técnica del pretensado en el hormigón armado. En el recorrido nos centraremos en las innovaciones producidas en cada momento de una forma cronológica en el tiempo. En este trabajo se pretende realizar una búsqueda de como avanza el pretensado y quienes fueron los inventores que hicieron los mayores avances en el campo del pretensado no se pretende afirmar el rigor científico del pretensado mediante cálculos ni probar o desmentir la eficacia de las patentes mencionadas. Explicando y narrando las patentes realizadas por los inventores. También se pretende explicar algunas de las primeras construcciones construidas mediante este material, así como narrar el proceso y las dificultades debidas a la falta de antecedentes de los pioneros en la construcción de infraestructuras con hormigón pretensado. Como son el puente de Veurdre y Boutiron de E. Freyssinet y el Acueducto de Tempul de E. Torroja., [EN] Prestressing is a system that was created to optimize resources like reinforced concrete. Here we will take a tour of the first patents that attempt to introduce the prestressing technique in reinforced concrete. In the tour we will focus on the innovations produced at each moment in a chronological way in time. This work aims to carry out a search of how prestressing advances and who were the inventors who made the greatest advances in the field of prestressing. It is not intended to affirm the scientific rigor of prestressing through calculations or to prove or deny the effectiveness of the aforementioned patents. Explaining and narrating the patents made by the inventors. It is also intended to explain some of the first constructions built using this material, as well as to narrate the process and the difficulties due to the lack of antecedents of the pioneers in the construction of infrastructures with prestressed concrete. Such as the Veurdre and Boutiron bridge by E. Freyssinet and the Aqueduct of Tempul by E. Torroja.

[ES] El pretensado es un sistema que nace para la optimización de los recursos al igual que el hormigón armado. Aquí daremos un recorrido por las primeras patentes que intentan introducir la técnica del pretensado en el hormigón armado. En el recorrido nos centraremos en las innovaciones producidas en cada momento de una forma cronológica en el tiempo. En este trabajo se pretende realizar una búsqueda de como avanza el pretensado y quienes fueron los inventores que hicieron los mayores avances en el campo del pretensado no se pretende afirmar el rigor científico del pretensado mediante cálculos ni probar o desmentir la eficacia de las patentes mencionadas. Explicando y narrando las patentes realizadas por los inventores. También se pretende explicar algunas de las primeras construcciones construidas mediante este material, así como narrar el proceso y las dificultades debidas a la falta de antecedentes de los pioneros en la construcción de infraestructuras con hormigón pretensado. Como son el puente de Veurdre y Boutiron de E. Freyssinet y el Acueducto de Tempul de E. Torroja., [EN] Prestressing is a system that was created to optimize resources like reinforced concrete. Here we will take a tour of the first patents that attempt to introduce the prestressing technique in reinforced concrete. In the tour we will focus on the innovations produced at each moment in a chronological way in time. This work aims to carry out a search of how prestressing advances and who were the inventors who made the greatest advances in the field of prestressing. It is not intended to affirm the scientific rigor of prestressing through calculations or to prove or deny the effectiveness of the aforementioned patents. Explaining and narrating the patents made by the inventors. It is also intended to explain some of the first constructions built using this material, as well as to narrate the process and the difficulties due to the lack of antecedents of the pioneers in the construction of infrastructures with prestressed concrete. Such as the Veurdre and Boutiron bridge by E. Freyssinet and the Aqueduct of Tempul by E. Torroja.

The traditional approach for evaluating capillary imbibition, which describes the phenomena as a linear relationship between mass gain and the square root of time, considers a rigid pore structure. The common deviation from the linearity when using the square-root law (manifested in a downward curvature, i.e., slower water ingress) can be explained by considering a changing pore structure during the process caused by the swelling of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) during water ingress. Analysing how the combination of deforming phase (C-S-H), non-deforming phase, and porosity affects the capillary water ingress rate is relevant for a deeper understanding of concrete durability. In this research, the C-S-H content was quantified by means of XRD diffraction coupled with Rietveld + PONKCS, dynamic water sorption (DVS), and SEM/BSE images coupled with phase mapping using PhAse Recognition and Characterization (PARC) software. The porosity was as-sessed by mercury intrusion porosimetry, water absorption under vacuum, and DVS. Furthermore, to assess deformations occurring with water and a non-aqueous imbibant, capillary imbibition tests with water and isopropanol as invading liquids were performed along with simultaneous deformation measurements. The relation between the relative C-S-H content and porosity has a great impact on the transport process. Samples exposed to isopropanol presented a much larger liquid uptake but significantly fewer deformations in comparison to imbibition with water. The effects of the changing pore structure were also evaluated with the Thomas and Jennings model, from which calculations indicated that pore shrink during imbibition. A comprehensive description of the relation between deformations and capillary imbibition in cement pastes reveals that liquid ingress is highly influenced by deformations.

Geodetic monitoring of a tall structure means employing various methods of measurement and data processing for assessing its verticality. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a method of collecting lots of quality spatial data in a short time period. It enables detailed surface 3D parametric modelling. Advantages over the traditional cross-sectioning approach include direct obtaining of the structure axis inclination, analysing structure deformations relative to the modelled surface, and so forth. The subject of research was 52-metre-tall cylinder-shaped bell tower of St. Anthony of Padua Church in Belgrade, Serbia, which has been inclined since its completion in 1962. An original algorithm was developed for estimating parameters of a cylinder approximating the tower surface and their precision. The horizontal displacement of the cylinder top base centre ranging from 1.174 m to 1.196 m over the five-year period of geodetic monitoring of the tower indicates the clear existence of the structure tilting trend.

This paper summarises the development of a state-of-art impact testing machine for simulating impacts such as vehicular crashes or debris impacts onto structures. The machine has a 200 kg pneumatically powered projectile which can travel horizontally within the barrel of the machine with a maximum velocity of 50 m/s to impact the target structure. The maximum kinetic energy that can be generated by the projectile is 125 kJ by using different combinations of mass and velocity. The diameter of the projectile is 214 mm, and its impacting face can be changed to different shapes, such as flat circle, flat square or an elliptical nose to suit different impact scenarios. An innovative braking mechanism incorporating a crush tube is attached within the barrel to ensure safety when the projectile fails to be restrained by the impact. The crush tube can absorb the maximum imparted by the moving projectile. An advanced data acquisition system is installed to collect quantitative and qualitative test data during a period of 50 ms to 1 s. Two high-speed digital image correlation (DIC) cameras are attached and synchronised with the operation of the impact testing machine to record the images at the rate of 50,000 frames per second. Outputs in terms of strains, deformations, accelerations of the target structure with a record of damage history can be analysed using this 3D DIC technique. The paper also briefly presents the first application of this machine for impact testing masonry wall structures.

Residual stresses in metal additive manufactured components are a well-known problem. It causes dis-tortion of the samples when removing them from the build plate, as well as acting detrimental with regard to fatigue. The understanding of how residual stresses in a printed sample are affected by process parameters is crucial to allow manufacturers to tune their process parameters, or the design of their com-ponent, to limit the negative influence of residual stresses. In this paper, residual stresses in additive manufactured samples are simulated using a thermo-mechanical finite element model. The elasto-plastic behavior of the material is described by a mechanism-based material model that accounts for microstructural and relaxation effects. The heat source in the finite element model is calibrated by fitting the model to experimental data. The residual stress field from the finite element model is compared with experimental results attained from synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. The results from the model and measurement give the same trend in the residual stress field. In addition, it is shown that there is no significant difference in trend and magnitude of the resulting residual stresses for an alterna-tion in laser power and scanning speed.

This thesis presents finite element (FE) simulations of additive manufacturing (AM) and physically based material modeling of alloy 625 and alloy 718. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in AM and there has been a dramatic increase in publications in the field. AM can be beneficial compared to conventional manufacturing methods in many applications. The method offers short component lead times and large design freedom with the possibility to create complex components. Alloy 625 and alloy 718 are nickel-based superalloys used in high-temperature applications owing to their high-temperature strength. The materials are difficult to manufacture by conventional machining due to rapid tool wear and low material removal rates. Thus, the alloys are appropriate for the AM technology with its near-net shape potential.Owing to the rapid heating and solidification in the AM process, residual stresses are induced in the component. This is a well-known problem and causes distortion of the samples when removing them from the build plate. The residual stresses may also deteriorate the fatigue properties. It is important for the manufacturer to understand how the choice of process parameters and scanning strategy affect the residual stresses to minimize those and improve the quality of the components. Simulation can be used as a tool while developing the process parameters and support the experimental efforts. FEM is generally the preferred method for simulation of deformations and residual stresses in AM. The simulation technique used when modeling AM has its origin from welding simulations that was performed already since the beginning of 1970. However, it is not possible in practice to simulate an AM process in the traditional way due to a large number of elements and time increments to be calculated. This is especially true for the laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) process where the process of a full-scale part may comprise many thousands of added layers, and the

LKAB’s Malmberget mine is not only one of the largest SLC mines in the world, but it is also one of the most complex, where between 10 and 15 orebodies are mined simultaneously. The subvertical orebodies are generally stacked, where one orebody is on the footwall or the hangingwall of the other. This results in complex stress interactions and deformation patterns when these orebodies are mined simultaneously. Keeping the entries into the respective orebodies open is a critical part of daily mine planning at the Malmberget mine and the ability to predict stress changes and associated damage to these entries contributes significantly to this planning. To develop an effective empirical tool for predicting mining-induced stress changes and associated entry deformation and damage, a two-year monitoring program was initiated in 2019 to record those stress changes and their consequences. These results are described in other papers written by the authors for this same symposium. This paper, however, focuses on the numerical modelling component of this work, where a series of numerical modelling was done using FLAC3D with monitoring data as the basis for model calibrations. Given the extent of the mining operations at Malmberget mine, the stress changes are global in extent on the scale of kilometres and extend from 100 to 200 m below the active mining front. The field data collected in the entries are local and do not necessarily reflect the global extent of stress changes. Nevertheless, through numerical modelling it is possible to build a global model to observe stress changes and the resulting deformations as neighbouring orebodies are mined., Funder: Luossavaara Kiirunavaara AB;ISBN för värdpublikation: 978-0-6450938-3-4

Residual stresses in metal additive manufactured components are a well-known problem. It causes dis-tortion of the samples when removing them from the build plate, as well as acting detrimental with regard to fatigue. The understanding of how residual stresses in a printed sample are affected by process parameters is crucial to allow manufacturers to tune their process parameters, or the design of their com-ponent, to limit the negative influence of residual stresses. In this paper, residual stresses in additive manufactured samples are simulated using a thermo-mechanical finite element model. The elasto-plastic behavior of the material is described by a mechanism-based material model that accounts for microstructural and relaxation effects. The heat source in the finite element model is calibrated by fitting the model to experimental data. The residual stress field from the finite element model is compared with experimental results attained from synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. The results from the model and measurement give the same trend in the residual stress field. In addition, it is shown that there is no significant difference in trend and magnitude of the resulting residual stresses for an alterna-tion in laser power and scanning speed.

Residual stresses in metal additive manufactured components are a well-known problem. It causes dis-tortion of the samples when removing them from the build plate, as well as acting detrimental with regard to fatigue. The understanding of how residual stresses in a printed sample are affected by process parameters is crucial to allow manufacturers to tune their process parameters, or the design of their com-ponent, to limit the negative influence of residual stresses. In this paper, residual stresses in additive manufactured samples are simulated using a thermo-mechanical finite element model. The elasto-plastic behavior of the material is described by a mechanism-based material model that accounts for microstructural and relaxation effects. The heat source in the finite element model is calibrated by fitting the model to experimental data. The residual stress field from the finite element model is compared with experimental results attained from synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. The results from the model and measurement give the same trend in the residual stress field. In addition, it is shown that there is no significant difference in trend and magnitude of the resulting residual stresses for an alterna-tion in laser power and scanning speed.(c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Residual stresses in metal additive manufactured components are a well-known problem. It causes dis-tortion of the samples when removing them from the build plate, as well as acting detrimental with regard to fatigue. The understanding of how residual stresses in a printed sample are affected by process parameters is crucial to allow manufacturers to tune their process parameters, or the design of their com-ponent, to limit the negative influence of residual stresses. In this paper, residual stresses in additive manufactured samples are simulated using a thermo-mechanical finite element model. The elasto-plastic behavior of the material is described by a mechanism-based material model that accounts for microstructural and relaxation effects. The heat source in the finite element model is calibrated by fitting the model to experimental data. The residual stress field from the finite element model is compared with experimental results attained from synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. The results from the model and measurement give the same trend in the residual stress field. In addition, it is shown that there is no significant difference in trend and magnitude of the resulting residual stresses for an alterna-tion in laser power and scanning speed.

Residual stresses in metal additive manufactured components are a well-known problem. It causes dis-tortion of the samples when removing them from the build plate, as well as acting detrimental with regard to fatigue. The understanding of how residual stresses in a printed sample are affected by process parameters is crucial to allow manufacturers to tune their process parameters, or the design of their com-ponent, to limit the negative influence of residual stresses. In this paper, residual stresses in additive manufactured samples are simulated using a thermo-mechanical finite element model. The elasto-plastic behavior of the material is described by a mechanism-based material model that accounts for microstructural and relaxation effects. The heat source in the finite element model is calibrated by fitting the model to experimental data. The residual stress field from the finite element model is compared with experimental results attained from synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. The results from the model and measurement give the same trend in the residual stress field. In addition, it is shown that there is no significant difference in trend and magnitude of the resulting residual stresses for an alterna-tion in laser power and scanning speed.(c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Residual stresses in metal additive manufactured components are a well-known problem. It causes dis-tortion of the samples when removing them from the build plate, as well as acting detrimental with regard to fatigue. The understanding of how residual stresses in a printed sample are affected by process parameters is crucial to allow manufacturers to tune their process parameters, or the design of their com-ponent, to limit the negative influence of residual stresses. In this paper, residual stresses in additive manufactured samples are simulated using a thermo-mechanical finite element model. The elasto-plastic behavior of the material is described by a mechanism-based material model that accounts for microstructural and relaxation effects. The heat source in the finite element model is calibrated by fitting the model to experimental data. The residual stress field from the finite element model is compared with experimental results attained from synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. The results from the model and measurement give the same trend in the residual stress field. In addition, it is shown that there is no significant difference in trend and magnitude of the resulting residual stresses for an alterna-tion in laser power and scanning speed.

LKAB’s Malmberget mine is not only one of the largest SLC mines in the world, but it is also one of the most complex, where between 10 and 15 orebodies are mined simultaneously. The subvertical orebodies are generally stacked, where one orebody is on the footwall or the hangingwall of the other. This results in complex stress interactions and deformation patterns when these orebodies are mined simultaneously. Keeping the entries into the respective orebodies open is a critical part of daily mine planning at the Malmberget mine and the ability to predict stress changes and associated damage to these entries contributes significantly to this planning. To develop an effective empirical tool for predicting mining-induced stress changes and associated entry deformation and damage, a two-year monitoring program was initiated in 2019 to record those stress changes and their consequences. These results are described in other papers written by the authors for this same symposium. This paper, however, focuses on the numerical modelling component of this work, where a series of numerical modelling was done using FLAC3D with monitoring data as the basis for model calibrations. Given the extent of the mining operations at Malmberget mine, the stress changes are global in extent on the scale of kilometres and extend from 100 to 200 m below the active mining front. The field data collected in the entries are local and do not necessarily reflect the global extent of stress changes. Nevertheless, through numerical modelling it is possible to build a global model to observe stress changes and the resulting deformations as neighbouring orebodies are mined., Funder: Luossavaara Kiirunavaara AB;ISBN för värdpublikation: 978-0-6450938-3-4

We consider the spectrum of anomalous dimensions in planar N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory and its N = 1 super-conformal Leigh-Strassler deformations. The two-loop truncation of the integrable N = 4 dilatation operator in the SU(2) sector, which is a next-to-nearest-neighbour deformation of the XXX spin chain, is not strictly integrable at finite coupling and we show that it indeed has Wigner-Dyson level statistics. However, we find that it is only weakly chaotic in the sense that the cross-over to chaotic dynamics is slower than for generic chaotic systems.For the Leigh-Strassler deformed theory with generic parameters, we show that the one-loop dilatation operator in the SU(3) sector is chaotic, with a spectrum that is well described by GUE Random Matrix Theory. For the imaginary-beta deformation, the statistics are GOE and the transition from the integrable limit is that of a generic system. This provides a weak-coupling analogue of the chaotic dynamics seen for classical strings in the dual background.We further study the spin chains in the semi-classical limit described by generalised Landau-Lifshitz models, which are also known to describe large-angular-momentum string solutions in the dual theory. We show that for the higher-derivative theory following from the two-loop N = 4 SU(2) spin chain, the maximal Lyapunov exponent is close to zero, consistent with the absence of chaotic dynamics. For the imaginary-beta SU(3) theory, the resulting Landau-Lifshitz model has classically chaotic dynamics at finite values of the deformation parameter.

We consider the spectrum of anomalous dimensions in planar N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory and its N = 1 super-conformal Leigh-Strassler deformations. The two-loop truncation of the integrable N = 4 dilatation operator in the SU(2) sector, which is a next-to-nearest-neighbour deformation of the XXX spin chain, is not strictly integrable at finite coupling and we show that it indeed has Wigner-Dyson level statistics. However, we find that it is only weakly chaotic in the sense that the cross-over to chaotic dynamics is slower than for generic chaotic systems.For the Leigh-Strassler deformed theory with generic parameters, we show that the one-loop dilatation operator in the SU(3) sector is chaotic, with a spectrum that is well described by GUE Random Matrix Theory. For the imaginary-beta deformation, the statistics are GOE and the transition from the integrable limit is that of a generic system. This provides a weak-coupling analogue of the chaotic dynamics seen for classical strings in the dual background.We further study the spin chains in the semi-classical limit described by generalised Landau-Lifshitz models, which are also known to describe large-angular-momentum string solutions in the dual theory. We show that for the higher-derivative theory following from the two-loop N = 4 SU(2) spin chain, the maximal Lyapunov exponent is close to zero, consistent with the absence of chaotic dynamics. For the imaginary-beta SU(3) theory, the resulting Landau-Lifshitz model has classically chaotic dynamics at finite values of the deformation parameter.

Residual stresses in metal additive manufactured components are a well-known problem. It causes dis-tortion of the samples when removing them from the build plate, as well as acting detrimental with regard to fatigue. The understanding of how residual stresses in a printed sample are affected by process parameters is crucial to allow manufacturers to tune their process parameters, or the design of their com-ponent, to limit the negative influence of residual stresses. In this paper, residual stresses in additive manufactured samples are simulated using a thermo-mechanical finite element model. The elasto-plastic behavior of the material is described by a mechanism-based material model that accounts for microstructural and relaxation effects. The heat source in the finite element model is calibrated by fitting the model to experimental data. The residual stress field from the finite element model is compared with experimental results attained from synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. The results from the model and measurement give the same trend in the residual stress field. In addition, it is shown that there is no significant difference in trend and magnitude of the resulting residual stresses for an alterna-tion in laser power and scanning speed.

The traditional approach for evaluating capillary imbibition, which describes the phenomena as a linear relationship between mass gain and the square root of time, considers a rigid pore structure. The common deviation from the linearity when using the square-root law (manifested in a downward curvature, i.e., slower water ingress) can be explained by considering a changing pore structure during the process caused by the swelling of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) during water ingress. Analysing how the combination of deforming phase (C-S-H), non-deforming phase, and porosity affects the capillary water ingress rate is relevant for a deeper understanding of concrete durability. In this research, the C-S-H content was quantified by means of XRD diffraction coupled with Rietveld + PONKCS, dynamic water sorption (DVS), and SEM/BSE images coupled with phase mapping using PhAse Recognition and Characterization (PARC) software. The porosity was as-sessed by mercury intrusion porosimetry, water absorption under vacuum, and DVS. Furthermore, to assess deformations occurring with water and a non-aqueous imbibant, capillary imbibition tests with water and isopropanol as invading liquids were performed along with simultaneous deformation measurements. The relation between the relative C-S-H content and porosity has a great impact on the transport process. Samples exposed to isopropanol presented a much larger liquid uptake but significantly fewer deformations in comparison to imbibition with water. The effects of the changing pore structure were also evaluated with the Thomas and Jennings model, from which calculations indicated that pore shrink during imbibition. A comprehensive description of the relation between deformations and capillary imbibition in cement pastes reveals that liquid ingress is highly influenced by deformations.

Geodetic monitoring of a tall structure means employing various methods of measurement and data processing for assessing its verticality. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a method of collecting lots of quality spatial data in a short time period. It enables detailed surface 3D parametric modelling. Advantages over the traditional cross-sectioning approach include direct obtaining of the structure axis inclination, analysing structure deformations relative to the modelled surface, and so forth. The subject of research was 52-metre-tall cylinder-shaped bell tower of St. Anthony of Padua Church in Belgrade, Serbia, which has been inclined since its completion in 1962. An original algorithm was developed for estimating parameters of a cylinder approximating the tower surface and their precision. The horizontal displacement of the cylinder top base centre ranging from 1.174 m to 1.196 m over the five-year period of geodetic monitoring of the tower indicates the clear existence of the structure tilting trend.

Soft body simulation has been a very active research area in computer animation since Baraff and Witkin's 1998 work on cloth simulation, which led Pixar to start using such techniques in all of its animated movies that followed. Many challenges in these simulations come from different roots. From a numerical point of view, deformable systems are large sparse problems that can become numerically unstable at surprising rates and may need to be modified at each time-step. From a mathematical point of view, hyperelastic models defined by continuum mechanics need to be derived, established and configured. And from the geometric side, physical interaction with the environment and self-collisions may need to be detected and introduced into the solver. It is a fact that the Computer Graphics academia primarily focuses on offline methods, both for rendering and simulation. At the same time, the advances from the industry mainly apply to real-time rendering. However, we wondered how such high-quality simulation methods would map to a real-time use case. In this thesis, we delve into the simulation system used by Pixar's Fizt2 simulator, based on the Finite Element Method, and investigate how to apply the same techniques in real-time while preserving robustness and fidelity, altogether providing the user with some interaction mechanisms. A 3D engine for simulating deformable materials has been developed following the described models, with an interactive interface that allows the definition and configuration of scenes and later interaction with the simulation.

This thesis presents finite element (FE) simulations of additive manufacturing (AM) and physically based material modeling of alloy 625 and alloy 718. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in AM and there has been a dramatic increase in publications in the field. AM can be beneficial compared to conventional manufacturing methods in many applications. The method offers short component lead times and large design freedom with the possibility to create complex components. Alloy 625 and alloy 718 are nickel-based superalloys used in high-temperature applications owing to their high-temperature strength. The materials are difficult to manufacture by conventional machining due to rapid tool wear and low material removal rates. Thus, the alloys are appropriate for the AM technology with its near-net shape potential.Owing to the rapid heating and solidification in the AM process, residual stresses are induced in the component. This is a well-known problem and causes distortion of the samples when removing them from the build plate. The residual stresses may also deteriorate the fatigue properties. It is important for the manufacturer to understand how the choice of process parameters and scanning strategy affect the residual stresses to minimize those and improve the quality of the components. Simulation can be used as a tool while developing the process parameters and support the experimental efforts. FEM is generally the preferred method for simulation of deformations and residual stresses in AM. The simulation technique used when modeling AM has its origin from welding simulations that was performed already since the beginning of 1970. However, it is not possible in practice to simulate an AM process in the traditional way due to a large number of elements and time increments to be calculated. This is especially true for the laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) process where the process of a full-scale part may comprise many thousands of added layers, and the

In this work, we studied the mechanical and thermal stability of ~100 nm Pd thin films magnetron sputter deposited on a bare oxidized Si(100) wafer, a sputtered Titanium (Ti) intermediate layer, and a spin-coated Polyimide (PI) intermediate layer. The dependence of the film stability on the film morphology and the film-substrate interaction was investigated. It was shown that a columnar morphology with elongated voids at part of the grain boundaries is resistant to embrittlement induced by the hydride formation (α↔β phase transitions). For compact film morphology, depending on the rigidity of the intermediate layer and the adherence to the substrate, complete transformation (Pd-PI-SiO2/Si) or partly suppression (Pd-Ti-SiO2/Si) of the α to β-phase was observed. In the case of Pd without intermediate layer (Pd-SiO2/Si), buckling delamination occurred. The damage and deformation mechanisms could be understood by the analysis of the stresses and dislocation (defects) behavior near grain boundaries and the film-substrate interface. From diffraction line-broadening combined with microscopy analysis, we showed that in Pd thin films, stresses relax at critical stress values via different relaxation pathways depending on film-microstructure and film-substrate interaction. On the basis of the in-situ hydriding experiments, it was concluded that a Pd film on a flexible PI intermediate layer exhibits free-standing film-like behavior besides being strongly clamped on a stiff SiO2/Si substrate., Team Amarante Bottger, QN/Afdelingsbureau

[ES] El objetivo de la arquitectura no debe ser diseñar edificios ¿atractivos¿. Debe responder a aspectos más necesarios como son la funcionalidad, la eficiencia económica, la sostenibilidad¿entre otros. Para ello, el Milstein Hall, edificio diseñado por la prestigiosa firma de arquitectura OMA, es un excelente ejemplo que tiene mucho que demostrar en cuanto a la innovación en su diseño, el cual fomenta la interacción entre distintos ámbitos, actividades, optimizando la relación de este con el entorno. La estrategia en cuanto al diseño estructural y constructivo revela la eficacia en cuanto a las medidas adoptadas, teniendo en cuenta las necesidades del edificio, las condiciones del entorno y el programa que alberga. Medidas que también impulsan el compromiso del lugar con el desarrollo sostenible. En este trabajo, principalmente se desarrolla el estudio del diseño estructural del edificio, ya que su estructura genera incógnitas sobre su comportamiento que se pretenden resolver y explicar, y también dar a conocer otras opciones y porque esta ha sido la elegida y diseñada por OMA para el sistema estructural del Milstein Hall., [EN] The goal of architecture should not be to design "attractive" buildings. It must respond to more necessary aspects such as functionality, economic efficiency, sustainability ... among others. For this, the Milstein Hall, a building designed by the prestigious architecture firm OMA, is an excellent example that has much to demonstrate in terms of innovation in its design, which encourages interaction between different areas, activities, optimizing the relationship of this with the environment. The strategy in terms of structural and construction design reveals the effectiveness in terms of the measures adopted, considering the needs of the building, the surrounding conditions, and the program it houses. Measures that also drive the site's commitment to sustainable development. In this work, the study of the structural design of the building is mainly developed, since its structure generates unknowns about its behaviour that are intended to be solved and explained, and also to make known other options and because this has been chosen and designed by OMA for the structural system of Milstein Hall.

[ES] El objetivo de la arquitectura no debe ser diseñar edificios ¿atractivos¿. Debe responder a aspectos más necesarios como son la funcionalidad, la eficiencia económica, la sostenibilidad¿entre otros. Para ello, el Milstein Hall, edificio diseñado por la prestigiosa firma de arquitectura OMA, es un excelente ejemplo que tiene mucho que demostrar en cuanto a la innovación en su diseño, el cual fomenta la interacción entre distintos ámbitos, actividades, optimizando la relación de este con el entorno. La estrategia en cuanto al diseño estructural y constructivo revela la eficacia en cuanto a las medidas adoptadas, teniendo en cuenta las necesidades del edificio, las condiciones del entorno y el programa que alberga. Medidas que también impulsan el compromiso del lugar con el desarrollo sostenible. En este trabajo, principalmente se desarrolla el estudio del diseño estructural del edificio, ya que su estructura genera incógnitas sobre su comportamiento que se pretenden resolver y explicar, y también dar a conocer otras opciones y porque esta ha sido la elegida y diseñada por OMA para el sistema estructural del Milstein Hall., [EN] The goal of architecture should not be to design "attractive" buildings. It must respond to more necessary aspects such as functionality, economic efficiency, sustainability ... among others. For this, the Milstein Hall, a building designed by the prestigious architecture firm OMA, is an excellent example that has much to demonstrate in terms of innovation in its design, which encourages interaction between different areas, activities, optimizing the relationship of this with the environment. The strategy in terms of structural and construction design reveals the effectiveness in terms of the measures adopted, considering the needs of the building, the surrounding conditions, and the program it houses. Measures that also drive the site's commitment to sustainable development. In this work, the study of the structural design of the building is mainly developed, since its structure generates unknowns about its behaviour that are intended to be solved and explained, and also to make known other options and because this has been chosen and designed by OMA for the structural system of Milstein Hall.

[ES] El objetivo de la arquitectura no debe ser diseñar edificios ¿atractivos¿. Debe responder a aspectos más necesarios como son la funcionalidad, la eficiencia económica, la sostenibilidad¿entre otros. Para ello, el Milstein Hall, edificio diseñado por la prestigiosa firma de arquitectura OMA, es un excelente ejemplo que tiene mucho que demostrar en cuanto a la innovación en su diseño, el cual fomenta la interacción entre distintos ámbitos, actividades, optimizando la relación de este con el entorno. La estrategia en cuanto al diseño estructural y constructivo revela la eficacia en cuanto a las medidas adoptadas, teniendo en cuenta las necesidades del edificio, las condiciones del entorno y el programa que alberga. Medidas que también impulsan el compromiso del lugar con el desarrollo sostenible. En este trabajo, principalmente se desarrolla el estudio del diseño estructural del edificio, ya que su estructura genera incógnitas sobre su comportamiento que se pretenden resolver y explicar, y también dar a conocer otras opciones y porque esta ha sido la elegida y diseñada por OMA para el sistema estructural del Milstein Hall., [EN] The goal of architecture should not be to design "attractive" buildings. It must respond to more necessary aspects such as functionality, economic efficiency, sustainability ... among others. For this, the Milstein Hall, a building designed by the prestigious architecture firm OMA, is an excellent example that has much to demonstrate in terms of innovation in its design, which encourages interaction between different areas, activities, optimizing the relationship of this with the environment. The strategy in terms of structural and construction design reveals the effectiveness in terms of the measures adopted, considering the needs of the building, the surrounding conditions, and the program it houses. Measures that also drive the site's commitment to sustainable development. In this work, the study of the structural design of the building is mainly developed, since its structure generates unknowns about its behaviour that are intended to be solved and explained, and also to make known other options and because this has been chosen and designed by OMA for the structural system of Milstein Hall.

[ES] El objetivo de la arquitectura no debe ser diseñar edificios ¿atractivos¿. Debe responder a aspectos más necesarios como son la funcionalidad, la eficiencia económica, la sostenibilidad¿entre otros. Para ello, el Milstein Hall, edificio diseñado por la prestigiosa firma de arquitectura OMA, es un excelente ejemplo que tiene mucho que demostrar en cuanto a la innovación en su diseño, el cual fomenta la interacción entre distintos ámbitos, actividades, optimizando la relación de este con el entorno. La estrategia en cuanto al diseño estructural y constructivo revela la eficacia en cuanto a las medidas adoptadas, teniendo en cuenta las necesidades del edificio, las condiciones del entorno y el programa que alberga. Medidas que también impulsan el compromiso del lugar con el desarrollo sostenible. En este trabajo, principalmente se desarrolla el estudio del diseño estructural del edificio, ya que su estructura genera incógnitas sobre su comportamiento que se pretenden resolver y explicar, y también dar a conocer otras opciones y porque esta ha sido la elegida y diseñada por OMA para el sistema estructural del Milstein Hall., [EN] The goal of architecture should not be to design "attractive" buildings. It must respond to more necessary aspects such as functionality, economic efficiency, sustainability ... among others. For this, the Milstein Hall, a building designed by the prestigious architecture firm OMA, is an excellent example that has much to demonstrate in terms of innovation in its design, which encourages interaction between different areas, activities, optimizing the relationship of this with the environment. The strategy in terms of structural and construction design reveals the effectiveness in terms of the measures adopted, considering the needs of the building, the surrounding conditions, and the program it houses. Measures that also drive the site's commitment to sustainable development. In this work, the study of the structural design of the building is mainly developed, since its structure generates unknowns about its behaviour that are intended to be solved and explained, and also to make known other options and because this has been chosen and designed by OMA for the structural system of Milstein Hall.

[ES] El objetivo de la arquitectura no debe ser diseñar edificios ¿atractivos¿. Debe responder a aspectos más necesarios como son la funcionalidad, la eficiencia económica, la sostenibilidad¿entre otros. Para ello, el Milstein Hall, edificio diseñado por la prestigiosa firma de arquitectura OMA, es un excelente ejemplo que tiene mucho que demostrar en cuanto a la innovación en su diseño, el cual fomenta la interacción entre distintos ámbitos, actividades, optimizando la relación de este con el entorno. La estrategia en cuanto al diseño estructural y constructivo revela la eficacia en cuanto a las medidas adoptadas, teniendo en cuenta las necesidades del edificio, las condiciones del entorno y el programa que alberga. Medidas que también impulsan el compromiso del lugar con el desarrollo sostenible. En este trabajo, principalmente se desarrolla el estudio del diseño estructural del edificio, ya que su estructura genera incógnitas sobre su comportamiento que se pretenden resolver y explicar, y también dar a conocer otras opciones y porque esta ha sido la elegida y diseñada por OMA para el sistema estructural del Milstein Hall., [EN] The goal of architecture should not be to design "attractive" buildings. It must respond to more necessary aspects such as functionality, economic efficiency, sustainability ... among others. For this, the Milstein Hall, a building designed by the prestigious architecture firm OMA, is an excellent example that has much to demonstrate in terms of innovation in its design, which encourages interaction between different areas, activities, optimizing the relationship of this with the environment. The strategy in terms of structural and construction design reveals the effectiveness in terms of the measures adopted, considering the needs of the building, the surrounding conditions, and the program it houses. Measures that also drive the site's commitment to sustainable development. In this work, the study of the structural design of the building is mainly developed, since its structure generates unknowns about its behaviour that are intended to be solved and explained, and also to make known other options and because this has been chosen and designed by OMA for the structural system of Milstein Hall.

Analysis and generalization of the experience in the construction and operation of tailings dams of concentrating factories shows that at the present stage of development of the mining industry, one of the aspects of the problem is the task of organizing a comprehensive monitoring of alluvial enclosing structures for the entire period of their construction and operation. The essence of this article is to use the results of mine surveying and geodesic instrumental observations of deformation processes occurring in the body of dams and on the surface of tailing dumps slopes to assess and predict their stability.

Analysis and generalization of the experience in the construction and operation of tailings dams of concentrating factories shows that at the present stage of development of the mining industry, one of the aspects of the problem is the task of organizing a comprehensive monitoring of alluvial enclosing structures for the entire period of their construction and operation. The essence of this article is to use the results of mine surveying and geodesic instrumental observations of deformation processes occurring in the body of dams and on the surface of tailing dumps slopes to assess and predict their stability.

Analysis and generalization of the experience in the construction and operation of tailings dams of concentrating factories shows that at the present stage of development of the mining industry, one of the aspects of the problem is the task of organizing a comprehensive monitoring of alluvial enclosing structures for the entire period of their construction and operation. The essence of this article is to use the results of mine surveying and geodesic instrumental observations of deformation processes occurring in the body of dams and on the surface of tailing dumps slopes to assess and predict their stability.

Analysis and generalization of the experience in the construction and operation of tailings dams of concentrating factories shows that at the present stage of development of the mining industry, one of the aspects of the problem is the task of organizing a comprehensive monitoring of alluvial enclosing structures for the entire period of their construction and operation. The essence of this article is to use the results of mine surveying and geodesic instrumental observations of deformation processes occurring in the body of dams and on the surface of tailing dumps slopes to assess and predict their stability.

Analysis and generalization of the experience in the construction and operation of tailings dams of concentrating factories shows that at the present stage of development of the mining industry, one of the aspects of the problem is the task of organizing a comprehensive monitoring of alluvial enclosing structures for the entire period of their construction and operation. The essence of this article is to use the results of mine surveying and geodesic instrumental observations of deformation processes occurring in the body of dams and on the surface of tailing dumps slopes to assess and predict their stability.

Analysis and generalization of the experience in the construction and operation of tailings dams of concentrating factories shows that at the present stage of development of the mining industry, one of the aspects of the problem is the task of organizing a comprehensive monitoring of alluvial enclosing structures for the entire period of their construction and operation. The essence of this article is to use the results of mine surveying and geodesic instrumental observations of deformation processes occurring in the body of dams and on the surface of tailing dumps slopes to assess and predict their stability.

The fiber properties after oxygen delignification and kraft pulping were studied by looking into the chemical characteristics and morphology. The effect of the two processes on the fibers was evaluated and compared over a wider kappa number range (from 62 down to15). Wide-angle X-ray scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance and fiber saturation point were used to characterize the fiber network structure. Fiber morphology and fiber dislocations were evaluated by an optical image analysis. The total and surface fiber charges were studied by conductometric and polyelectrolyte titrations. The fiber wall supramolecular structure, such as crystallinity, size of fibril aggregates, pore size and pore volume, were similar for the two processes. The selectivity, in terms of carbohydrate yield, was equal for kraft cooking and oxygen delignification, but the selectivity in terms of viscosity loss per amount of delignification is poorer for oxygen delignification. Clearly more fiber deformations (2–6% units in curl index) in the fibers after oxygen delignification were seen. Introduction of curl depended on the physical state of the fibers, i.e. liberated or in wood matrix. In the pulping stage, the fiber continue to be supported by neighboring fibers, as the delignified chips maintain their form. However, in the subsequent oxygen stage the fibers enter in the form of pulp (liberated fibers), which makes them more susceptible to changes in fiber form., QC 20220301

This thesis is about the development of a new numerical method for the analysis of composite shells. The present work is based on Reissner Mixed Variational Theorem (RMVT), the Sublaminate Generalized Unified Formulation (S-GUF), and the Ritz approximation. The present work investigates a more efficient way to compute transverse stresses (sigma_xz, sigma_yz, sigma_zz) based upon RMVT, allowing assigning their order of continuity a priori. This is a great advantage compared to a conventional displacement-based approach. In order to enable computing of both global and local responses (depending on the user’sneeds) the S-GUF framework was adopted. The Generalized Unified Formulation (GUF) enables the implementation of approximations with virtually unlimited algebraic order within a single code, and the order could also vary for different variables. In addition to the GUF, the concept of Sublaminate was utilized, allowing for sub-sectioning of the domain in the thickness direction into sublaminates, and it is then possible to apply different formulations in each of these sub-domains. The curvature of the shells is strictly defined by their radius-to- thickness ratio. The flexibility of S-GUF is helpful in the sense that curvature is only introduced and treated if needed by the particular case at hand. The governing equations obtained applying S-GUF to RMVT were solved in a weak formulation using the Ritz approximation. This choice was made to save computational time, which is one of the main benefits of the presented method. Validation of the code was made by comparing results from the present formulation with solutions available in the literature. Good to excellent agreement was found for several benchmark cases, supporting that the formulation is valid and provides reliable solutions.Finally, numerical and analytical considerations about the developed method were made: its numerical stability, how to tune its parameters, and which models result more correct from an an, Denna avhandling handlar om utvecklingen av en ny numerisk metod för analys av kompositskal.Det aktuella arbetet är baserat på Reissner Mixed Variational Theorem (RMVT), Sublaminate Generalized Unified Formulation (S-GUF) och Ritz-approximationen.Arbetet går ut på att ta fram ett mer effektivt sätt att beräkna spänningar ut ur planet (sigma_xz, sigma_yz, aigma_zz) och utnyttjar RMVT, vilket möjliggör lokal hantering av kontinuitet i varierande ordning, definierad a priori. Detta innebär en stor fördel jämfört med en konventionell förskjutningsbaserad metod. För att möjliggöra beräkning av både global och lokal lösning, beroende påanvändarens behov, antogs S-GUF-ramverket. Den generaliserade enhetliga formuleringen (GUF) gördet möjligt att inom samma formulering implementera approximationer med i princip obegränsad algebraisk ordning, vilka dåocksåkan skilja mellan olika variabler. Förutom GUF används även konceptet Sublaminate som gör det möjligt att dela upp domänen i tjockleksriktningen i underregioner (sublaminate), och det är dåmöjligt att tillämpa olika formuleringar i var och en av dessa subdomäner. Krökningen hos ett skal definiers strikt av förhållandet mellan dess radie och tjocklek. Flexibiliteten hos S-GUF är fördelaktig dåkrökning endast hanteras för de specifika fall där det förekommer. De ekvationer som erhålls genom att applicera S-GUF på RMVT löses påsvag formmed användning av Ritz approximation. Detta val gjordes för att möjliggöra en snabbare beräkningstid, vilket är en av fördelarna med denna metod. Genom att jämföra de resultat med lösningar tillgängliga i litteraturen var det möjligt att validera resultaten och därmed även själva formuleringen. God till utmärkt överensstämmelse påvisades för ett antal olika standardfall vilket styrker att metoden fungerar och attdess lösningar är pålitliga. Slutligen ritades numeriska och analytiska överväganden om metoden här utvecklad, såsom dess numeriska stabilitet, hur man ställer in dess parametrar och vil

Analysis and generalization of the experience in the construction and operation of tailings dams of concentrating factories shows that at the present stage of development of the mining industry, one of the aspects of the problem is the task of organizing a comprehensive monitoring of alluvial enclosing structures for the entire period of their construction and operation. The essence of this article is to use the results of mine surveying and geodesic instrumental observations of deformation processes occurring in the body of dams and on the surface of tailing dumps slopes to assess and predict their stability.

Photogrammetric methods are increasingly being used to measure displacements and deformations. One of the photogrammetric methods is the time base, which is mainly used to measure changes in the image plane. One of the most important conditions for achieving high accuracy with this method is to ensure the stability of the camera external orientation parameters (EOP). In this work primarily tilts of the camera using the Leica Nivel inclinometer, their impact and the possibilities of analytical correction are investigated. In this context, an experiment was performed by capturing the test and calibration point field with a Sony Alpha A7R III camera, while the inclinometer was also attached to the camera base. Photomodeler photogrammetric software was used to process the measurements., Fotogrametrické metódy sa čoraz viac využívajú pri meraní posunov a pretvorení. Jednou z fotogrametrických metód je časová základnica, ktorá sa využíva hlavne na meranie zmien v obrazovej rovine. Jedna z najdôležitejších podmienok na dosiahnutie vysokej presnosti merania touto metódou je zabezpečenie stability kamery v zmysle nemenných prvkov vonkajšej orientácie (PVO). V tejto práci sú skúmané primárne náklony kamery využitím sklonomeru Leica Nivel, ich vplyv a možnosti analytickej korekcie. V tejto súvislosti bol vykonaný experiment snímaním testovacieho a kalibračného bodového poľa kamerou Sony Alpha A7R III, pričom na podložku kamery bol pripevnený aj spomínaný sklonomer. Na spracovanie meraní bol využitý fotogrametrický softvér Photomodeler.

This thesis is about the development of a new numerical method for the analysis of composite shells. The present work is based on Reissner Mixed Variational Theorem (RMVT), the Sublaminate Generalized Unified Formulation (S-GUF), and the Ritz approximation. The present work investigates a more efficient way to compute transverse stresses (sigma_xz, sigma_yz, sigma_zz) based upon RMVT, allowing assigning their order of continuity a priori. This is a great advantage compared to a conventional displacement-based approach. In order to enable computing of both global and local responses (depending on the user’sneeds) the S-GUF framework was adopted. The Generalized Unified Formulation (GUF) enables the implementation of approximations with virtually unlimited algebraic order within a single code, and the order could also vary for different variables. In addition to the GUF, the concept of Sublaminate was utilized, allowing for sub-sectioning of the domain in the thickness direction into sublaminates, and it is then possible to apply different formulations in each of these sub-domains. The curvature of the shells is strictly defined by their radius-to- thickness ratio. The flexibility of S-GUF is helpful in the sense that curvature is only introduced and treated if needed by the particular case at hand. The governing equations obtained applying S-GUF to RMVT were solved in a weak formulation using the Ritz approximation. This choice was made to save computational time, which is one of the main benefits of the presented method. Validation of the code was made by comparing results from the present formulation with solutions available in the literature. Good to excellent agreement was found for several benchmark cases, supporting that the formulation is valid and provides reliable solutions.Finally, numerical and analytical considerations about the developed method were made: its numerical stability, how to tune its parameters, and which models result more correct from an an, Denna avhandling handlar om utvecklingen av en ny numerisk metod för analys av kompositskal.Det aktuella arbetet är baserat på Reissner Mixed Variational Theorem (RMVT), Sublaminate Generalized Unified Formulation (S-GUF) och Ritz-approximationen.Arbetet går ut på att ta fram ett mer effektivt sätt att beräkna spänningar ut ur planet (sigma_xz, sigma_yz, aigma_zz) och utnyttjar RMVT, vilket möjliggör lokal hantering av kontinuitet i varierande ordning, definierad a priori. Detta innebär en stor fördel jämfört med en konventionell förskjutningsbaserad metod. För att möjliggöra beräkning av både global och lokal lösning, beroende påanvändarens behov, antogs S-GUF-ramverket. Den generaliserade enhetliga formuleringen (GUF) gördet möjligt att inom samma formulering implementera approximationer med i princip obegränsad algebraisk ordning, vilka dåocksåkan skilja mellan olika variabler. Förutom GUF används även konceptet Sublaminate som gör det möjligt att dela upp domänen i tjockleksriktningen i underregioner (sublaminate), och det är dåmöjligt att tillämpa olika formuleringar i var och en av dessa subdomäner. Krökningen hos ett skal definiers strikt av förhållandet mellan dess radie och tjocklek. Flexibiliteten hos S-GUF är fördelaktig dåkrökning endast hanteras för de specifika fall där det förekommer. De ekvationer som erhålls genom att applicera S-GUF på RMVT löses påsvag formmed användning av Ritz approximation. Detta val gjordes för att möjliggöra en snabbare beräkningstid, vilket är en av fördelarna med denna metod. Genom att jämföra de resultat med lösningar tillgängliga i litteraturen var det möjligt att validera resultaten och därmed även själva formuleringen. God till utmärkt överensstämmelse påvisades för ett antal olika standardfall vilket styrker att metoden fungerar och attdess lösningar är pålitliga. Slutligen ritades numeriska och analytiska överväganden om metoden här utvecklad, såsom dess numeriska stabilitet, hur man ställer in dess parametrar och vil

In this article, we consider the flat bundle (Formula presented.) and the kernel (Formula presented.) of the Higgs field naturally associated to any (polarized) variation of Hodge structures of weight 1. We study how strict the inclusion (Formula presented.) can be in the geometric case. More precisely, for any smooth projective curve (Formula presented.) of genus (Formula presented.) and any (Formula presented.), we construct non-isotrivial deformations of (Formula presented.) over a quasi-projective base such that (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.).