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This paper describes novel and innovative amorphous calcium magnesium fluoride phosphate (ACMFP) core-shell microparticles that may be applied in preventive dentistry for the prevention of caries and the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. The particles can be synthesized with varied fluoride content, up to approximately 6 wt%, without any observable differences in morphology or crystallinity. Fluoride release from the particles is correlated to the fluoride content, and the particles are readily converted to fluoride-substituted hydroxyapatite or fluorapatite in a simulated saliva solution. The remineralization and dentin tubule occlusion potential of the particles was evaluated in vitro on acid-etched dentin specimens, and treatment with the ACMFP particles resulted in complete tubule occlusion and the formation of a dense mineralization layer. The acid resistance of the mineralization layer was improved compared to treatment with analogous particles without fluoride inclusion. A cross-sectional evaluation of dentin specimens after treatment revealed the formation of high aspect ratio fluorapatite crystals and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite, respectively. The particles of the current study provide a single source vehicle of readily available calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions for the potential remineralization of carious lesions as well as exposed dentin tubules for the reduction of hypersensitivity.

This paper describes novel and innovative amorphous calcium magnesium fluoride phosphate (ACMFP) core-shell microparticles that may be applied in preventive dentistry for the prevention of caries and the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. The particles can be synthesized with varied fluoride content, up to approximately 6 wt%, without any observable differences in morphology or crystallinity. Fluoride release from the particles is correlated to the fluoride content, and the particles are readily converted to fluoride-substituted hydroxyapatite or fluorapatite in a simulated saliva solution. The remineralization and dentin tubule occlusion potential of the particles was evaluated in vitro on acid-etched dentin specimens, and treatment with the ACMFP particles resulted in complete tubule occlusion and the formation of a dense mineralization layer. The acid resistance of the mineralization layer was improved compared to treatment with analogous particles without fluoride inclusion. A cross-sectional evaluation of dentin specimens after treatment revealed the formation of high aspect ratio fluorapatite crystals and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite, respectively. The particles of the current study provide a single source vehicle of readily available calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions for the potential remineralization of carious lesions as well as exposed dentin tubules for the reduction of hypersensitivity.

This paper describes novel and innovative amorphous calcium magnesium fluoride phosphate (ACMFP) core-shell microparticles that may be applied in preventive dentistry for the prevention of caries and the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. The particles can be synthesized with varied fluoride content, up to approximately 6 wt%, without any observable differences in morphology or crystallinity. Fluoride release from the particles is correlated to the fluoride content, and the particles are readily converted to fluoride-substituted hydroxyapatite or fluorapatite in a simulated saliva solution. The remineralization and dentin tubule occlusion potential of the particles was evaluated in vitro on acid-etched dentin specimens, and treatment with the ACMFP particles resulted in complete tubule occlusion and the formation of a dense mineralization layer. The acid resistance of the mineralization layer was improved compared to treatment with analogous particles without fluoride inclusion. A cross-sectional evaluation of dentin specimens after treatment revealed the formation of high aspect ratio fluorapatite crystals and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite, respectively. The particles of the current study provide a single source vehicle of readily available calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions for the potential remineralization of carious lesions as well as exposed dentin tubules for the reduction of hypersensitivity.

This paper describes novel and innovative amorphous calcium magnesium fluoride phosphate (ACMFP) core-shell microparticles that may be applied in preventive dentistry for the prevention of caries and the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. The particles can be synthesized with varied fluoride content, up to approximately 6 wt%, without any observable differences in morphology or crystallinity. Fluoride release from the particles is correlated to the fluoride content, and the particles are readily converted to fluoride-substituted hydroxyapatite or fluorapatite in a simulated saliva solution. The remineralization and dentin tubule occlusion potential of the particles was evaluated in vitro on acid-etched dentin specimens, and treatment with the ACMFP particles resulted in complete tubule occlusion and the formation of a dense mineralization layer. The acid resistance of the mineralization layer was improved compared to treatment with analogous particles without fluoride inclusion. A cross-sectional evaluation of dentin specimens after treatment revealed the formation of high aspect ratio fluorapatite crystals and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite, respectively. The particles of the current study provide a single source vehicle of readily available calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions for the potential remineralization of carious lesions as well as exposed dentin tubules for the reduction of hypersensitivity.

This paper describes novel and innovative amorphous calcium magnesium fluoride phosphate (ACMFP) core-shell microparticles that may be applied in preventive dentistry for the prevention of caries and the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. The particles can be synthesized with varied fluoride content, up to approximately 6 wt%, without any observable differences in morphology or crystallinity. Fluoride release from the particles is correlated to the fluoride content, and the particles are readily converted to fluoride-substituted hydroxyapatite or fluorapatite in a simulated saliva solution. The remineralization and dentin tubule occlusion potential of the particles was evaluated in vitro on acid-etched dentin specimens, and treatment with the ACMFP particles resulted in complete tubule occlusion and the formation of a dense mineralization layer. The acid resistance of the mineralization layer was improved compared to treatment with analogous particles without fluoride inclusion. A cross-sectional evaluation of dentin specimens after treatment revealed the formation of high aspect ratio fluorapatite crystals and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite, respectively. The particles of the current study provide a single source vehicle of readily available calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions for the potential remineralization of carious lesions as well as exposed dentin tubules for the reduction of hypersensitivity.

Dentin hypersensitivity is one of the most prevalent conditions related to oral health, affecting a large share of the adult population. Shortcomings with the available treatment options are related to non-ideal particle sizes and degradation properties. An improved clinical outcome could possibly be obtained using a bioactive occluding agent that can offer a high, continuous release of ions, as well as having a particle size that allows for penetration into the dentin tubules. The work in this thesis focused on the development and investigation of a synthesis approach for calcium phosphate core–shell particles and the use of those in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. The overall aim was to increase the knowledge about the synthesis and to evaluate the in vitro performance of amorphous calcium magnesium phosphate (ACMP) particles when used as an occluding agent. The synthesis of the core-shell particles was based on precipitation reactions in aqueous solutions and the synthesized materials were studied in terms of morphological, structural, and compositional aspects. Resulting particles had diameters ranging from 400 nm–1. 5 µm (depending on reaction conditions), with morphologies and structures that were shown to correlate with the ionic radius and the concentration of the substituting ion. This insight resulted in the possibility to control the outcome of the reaction and to extend the synthesis to other alkaline earth phosphates. The mechanism of formation was suggested to be the simultaneous precipitation of primary nanoparticles (NPs) and the formation of gas bubbles that could function as soft templates. A study of the degradation properties together with a series of in vitro studies, using a dentin-disc model, indicated that the ACMP particles may be a promising candidate for clinical use. The material was shown to offer a rapid and continuous release of Ca2+, Mg2+, and phosphate, aiding surface, as well as intratubular occlusion and mineralization.

Dentin hypersensitivity is one of the most prevalent conditions related to oral health, affecting a large share of the adult population. Shortcomings with the available treatment options are related to non-ideal particle sizes and degradation properties. An improved clinical outcome could possibly be obtained using a bioactive occluding agent that can offer a high, continuous release of ions, as well as having a particle size that allows for penetration into the dentin tubules. The work in this thesis focused on the development and investigation of a synthesis approach for calcium phosphate core–shell particles and the use of those in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. The overall aim was to increase the knowledge about the synthesis and to evaluate the in vitro performance of amorphous calcium magnesium phosphate (ACMP) particles when used as an occluding agent. The synthesis of the core-shell particles was based on precipitation reactions in aqueous solutions and the synthesized materials were studied in terms of morphological, structural, and compositional aspects. Resulting particles had diameters ranging from 400 nm–1. 5 µm (depending on reaction conditions), with morphologies and structures that were shown to correlate with the ionic radius and the concentration of the substituting ion. This insight resulted in the possibility to control the outcome of the reaction and to extend the synthesis to other alkaline earth phosphates. The mechanism of formation was suggested to be the simultaneous precipitation of primary nanoparticles (NPs) and the formation of gas bubbles that could function as soft templates. A study of the degradation properties together with a series of in vitro studies, using a dentin-disc model, indicated that the ACMP particles may be a promising candidate for clinical use. The material was shown to offer a rapid and continuous release of Ca2+, Mg2+, and phosphate, aiding surface, as well as intratubular occlusion and mineralization.

Dentin hypersensitivity is one of the most prevalent conditions related to oral health, affecting a large share of the adult population. Shortcomings with the available treatment options are related to non-ideal particle sizes and degradation properties. An improved clinical outcome could possibly be obtained using a bioactive occluding agent that can offer a high, continuous release of ions, as well as having a particle size that allows for penetration into the dentin tubules. The work in this thesis focused on the development and investigation of a synthesis approach for calcium phosphate core–shell particles and the use of those in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. The overall aim was to increase the knowledge about the synthesis and to evaluate the in vitro performance of amorphous calcium magnesium phosphate (ACMP) particles when used as an occluding agent. The synthesis of the core-shell particles was based on precipitation reactions in aqueous solutions and the synthesized materials were studied in terms of morphological, structural, and compositional aspects. Resulting particles had diameters ranging from 400 nm–1. 5 µm (depending on reaction conditions), with morphologies and structures that were shown to correlate with the ionic radius and the concentration of the substituting ion. This insight resulted in the possibility to control the outcome of the reaction and to extend the synthesis to other alkaline earth phosphates. The mechanism of formation was suggested to be the simultaneous precipitation of primary nanoparticles (NPs) and the formation of gas bubbles that could function as soft templates. A study of the degradation properties together with a series of in vitro studies, using a dentin-disc model, indicated that the ACMP particles may be a promising candidate for clinical use. The material was shown to offer a rapid and continuous release of Ca2+, Mg2+, and phosphate, aiding surface, as well as intratubular occlusion and mineralization.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information: Konradsson K, Lingström P, Emilson CG, Johannsen G, Ramberg P, Johannsen A. Stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice in relation to dental caries, dental erosion and dentin hypersensitivity: A systematic review. Am J Dent. 2020;33(2):95–105. Source of Funding: Information not available. Type of Study/Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis of data.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information: Konradsson K, Lingström P, Emilson CG, Johannsen G, Ramberg P, Johannsen A. Stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice in relation to dental caries, dental erosion and dentin hypersensitivity: A systematic review. Am J Dent. 2020;33(2):95–105. Source of Funding: Information not available. Type of Study/Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis of data.

Dentin hypersensitivity is one of the most prevalent conditions related to oral health, affecting a large share of the adult population. Shortcomings with the available treatment options are related to non-ideal particle sizes and degradation properties. An improved clinical outcome could possibly be obtained using a bioactive occluding agent that can offer a high, continuous release of ions, as well as having a particle size that allows for penetration into the dentin tubules. The work in this thesis focused on the development and investigation of a synthesis approach for calcium phosphate core–shell particles and the use of those in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. The overall aim was to increase the knowledge about the synthesis and to evaluate the in vitro performance of amorphous calcium magnesium phosphate (ACMP) particles when used as an occluding agent. The synthesis of the core-shell particles was based on precipitation reactions in aqueous solutions and the synthesized materials were studied in terms of morphological, structural, and compositional aspects. Resulting particles had diameters ranging from 400 nm–1. 5 µm (depending on reaction conditions), with morphologies and structures that were shown to correlate with the ionic radius and the concentration of the substituting ion. This insight resulted in the possibility to control the outcome of the reaction and to extend the synthesis to other alkaline earth phosphates. The mechanism of formation was suggested to be the simultaneous precipitation of primary nanoparticles (NPs) and the formation of gas bubbles that could function as soft templates. A study of the degradation properties together with a series of in vitro studies, using a dentin-disc model, indicated that the ACMP particles may be a promising candidate for clinical use. The material was shown to offer a rapid and continuous release of Ca2+, Mg2+, and phosphate, aiding surface, as well as intratubular occlusion and mineralization.

Dentin hypersensitivity is one of the most prevalent conditions related to oral health, affecting a large share of the adult population. Shortcomings with the available treatment options are related to non-ideal particle sizes and degradation properties. An improved clinical outcome could possibly be obtained using a bioactive occluding agent that can offer a high, continuous release of ions, as well as having a particle size that allows for penetration into the dentin tubules. The work in this thesis focused on the development and investigation of a synthesis approach for calcium phosphate core–shell particles and the use of those in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. The overall aim was to increase the knowledge about the synthesis and to evaluate the in vitro performance of amorphous calcium magnesium phosphate (ACMP) particles when used as an occluding agent. The synthesis of the core-shell particles was based on precipitation reactions in aqueous solutions and the synthesized materials were studied in terms of morphological, structural, and compositional aspects. Resulting particles had diameters ranging from 400 nm–1. 5 µm (depending on reaction conditions), with morphologies and structures that were shown to correlate with the ionic radius and the concentration of the substituting ion. This insight resulted in the possibility to control the outcome of the reaction and to extend the synthesis to other alkaline earth phosphates. The mechanism of formation was suggested to be the simultaneous precipitation of primary nanoparticles (NPs) and the formation of gas bubbles that could function as soft templates. A study of the degradation properties together with a series of in vitro studies, using a dentin-disc model, indicated that the ACMP particles may be a promising candidate for clinical use. The material was shown to offer a rapid and continuous release of Ca2+, Mg2+, and phosphate, aiding surface, as well as intratubular occlusion and mineralization.

Occlusion of exposed dentin tubules may eliminate or reduce dentin hypersensitivity by hindering fluid movements within the tubules. In this study, the mode of action of spherical particles of amorphous calcium magnesium phosphate (180-440 nm in diameter) was studied. A degradation study of the particles in Tris-HCl buffer showed that the particles continuously released Ca2+, Mg2+, and phosphate, and XRD analysis revealed the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) after 1 week. The occluding effect and efficacy of the spherical particles as an occluding agent were evaluated in an in vitro study. The ACMP particles were incorporated in a gel intended for at-home use and tested on extracted human molars. Application of the particles followed by incubation in artificial saliva resulted in occlusion of exposed tubules, and examination with SEM showed that the particles could penetrate the tubules down to 100 mu m from the dentin surface. Transformation of the particles into nanocrystalline HA-structures (nanoHA) was initiated at the dentin surface within 12 h of application, and tubule penetration of the particles, accompanied by further ion release and diffusion of ions, resulted in deep intratubular occlusion in the majority of the tubules within 3 days from application. NanoHA was tightly adhered to the tubule walls, filling the entire tubule volume after 7 days. The results of this study demonstrate the mode of action of the amorphous calcium magnesium phosphate particles in occluding exposed dentin tubules. Interaction with saliva and transformation of the particles within the tubules inducing further mineralization indicate that the particles may be used as an effective treatment to reduce dentin hypersensitivity.

BACKGROUND: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a condition characterized by short and sharp episodes of pain which will arise in response to tactile, chemical, thermal, evaporative or osmotic stimuli. The painful symptoms cause discomfort in patients and reduce their quality of life. Recently, the novel zinc-containing desensitizer CAREDYNE Shield has been developed as a new type of desensitizer that acts by inducing chemical occlusion of dentinal tubules, and releasing zinc ion for root caries prevention. However, the clinical effectiveness of CAREDYNE Shield on DH remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of CAREDYNE Shield on DH by comparing with that of another desensitizer, Nanoseal, commonly used in Japan. METHODS/DESIGN: This study protocol is a two-arm, parallel, pilot randomized controlled trial. Forty DH patients will be randomly allocated to two groups. Participants in the intervention group will be treated with CAREDYNE Shield, while those in the control group will be treated with Nanoseal. The primary outcome is the reduction of pain intensity in response to air stimuli measured with a 5-point verbal response scale from baseline to 4 weeks after the intervention, and Fisher's exact test will be used for analyses. DISCUSSION: CAREDYNE Shield can be casually applied to subgingival areas and proximal surfaces because it reacts with only tooth substance. Furthermore, zinc has been reported to reduce the demineralization of enamel and dentin and inhibit biofilm formation, plaque growth and dentin-collagen degradation. Therefore, CAREDYNE Shield may be expected to be a useful novel desensitizer that acts not only as a desensitizer but also as a root caries inhibitor. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR), ID: UMIN000038072. Registered on 21 September 2019. TRIAL STATUS: This study (protocol version number: version 1.4.0; approved on 22 October 2019) is ongoing. The recruitment of participants began, Trials, 21(1), art.no.464; 2020

Introduction: In this era due to disturbance of life style and increased amount of the  fast food, persons are getting affected with dental problems. Charka has explained the Dantharsh (Dentin  hypersensitivity) in the perspective of Gandush method. Aim: The objective of this article is to review the literature of Dantharsh (DH), Dentin hypersensitivity,  Gandush (Oil Puling) and its management. Materials and Methods: Article reviewed from the Ayurvedic Text book, journals related to Ayurveda,  different search engine, PubMed, Wikipedia and other source material related to this article.  Discussion: Gandush is simple and cost effective method as explained in different Samhita. According to  Ayurveda Dantharsh is caused by the provocation of Vata Dosh. Sneha used in Gandush is best to pacify  Vata Dosh. Sneha strengthens the tissue and increases rich blood supply to periodontal tissue. Conclusion: Gandush with Sesame indicum is effective against pacification of Vata Dosh aggravated in  Dantharsh. Sneha Gandush is simple and cost effective method as explained in different Samhita for  Dantharsh (Dentin hypersensitivity).

Introduction and Objective: Dentin Hypersensitivity (DH) is one of the common oral conditions that affect adult population and defined as a short, sharp pain arising from exposed dentin in response to stimuli typically thermal, evaporative, tactile, osmotic or chemical and cannot ascribe to any other form of dental pathology or disease. DH development through two distinct but interrelated phases of tooth wear and gingival recession associated with different etiological factors.Morphological alterations in DH and intradental nerve excitability are the underlying sources that lead to disease progression, pain evocation as well as therapeutic strategies investigations to interrupt pain transmission. Numerous treatment modalities have been used to manage DH. The interventions of DH have been classified based on the mode of delivery (in-office or professionally-applied therapy and over-the-counter (OTC) or at- home therapy). The other classification used based on the mechanism of action and could be divided into two main categories: the dentinal tubules occluding agents to block the hydrodynamic mechanism of pain stimulation and the nerve desensitizers to interrupt the neural response to pain stimuli (neural blocker). The main objective for any dentine-desensitizing agent is to produce a clinically significant reduction in clinical symptoms and minimize or abolish the symptoms of pain or discomfort associated with DH. The variety of products and techniques used for the treatment of DH indicated a doubt among dentists about the best treatment option, as well as dissatisfaction with outcomes of available treatments, which necessitate the conduction of a comparative effectiveness research and a practice analysis to provide dentists and patients with precise scientific information for comparing the effectiveness and safety of alternative treatment options in resolving DH among different available treatment. The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative effectiveness resea

Introduction and Objective: Dentin Hypersensitivity (DH) is one of the common oral conditions that affect adult population and defined as a short, sharp pain arising from exposed dentin in response to stimuli typically thermal, evaporative, tactile, osmotic or chemical and cannot ascribe to any other form of dental pathology or disease. DH development through two distinct but interrelated phases of tooth wear and gingival recession associated with different etiological factors.Morphological alterations in DH and intradental nerve excitability are the underlying sources that lead to disease progression, pain evocation as well as therapeutic strategies investigations to interrupt pain transmission. Numerous treatment modalities have been used to manage DH. The interventions of DH have been classified based on the mode of delivery (in-office or professionally-applied therapy and over-the-counter (OTC) or at- home therapy). The other classification used based on the mechanism of action and could be divided into two main categories: the dentinal tubules occluding agents to block the hydrodynamic mechanism of pain stimulation and the nerve desensitizers to interrupt the neural response to pain stimuli (neural blocker). The main objective for any dentine-desensitizing agent is to produce a clinically significant reduction in clinical symptoms and minimize or abolish the symptoms of pain or discomfort associated with DH. The variety of products and techniques used for the treatment of DH indicated a doubt among dentists about the best treatment option, as well as dissatisfaction with outcomes of available treatments, which necessitate the conduction of a comparative effectiveness research and a practice analysis to provide dentists and patients with precise scientific information for comparing the effectiveness and safety of alternative treatment options in resolving DH among different available treatment. The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative effectiveness resea

Objectives: Objective of the study is to perform linearity check for Creatinine measurement with Jaffe's two point method using CLSI EP-6 guideline for 50 mmol/L, 150mmol/L NaOH concentration in final reagent mixture. Material and Method: Leftover serum of samples received by the laboratory, devoid of patient identification, was used to make pool of serum. Serum creatinine reagents have NaOH of 50 mmol/L, 150 mmol/L were prepared. Serial dilution of pooled serum spiked with creatinine powder was prepared. Creatinines were measured in series of dilution. Linear regression analysis of each dilution series to find linearity limit was performed. Result and Discussion: This study evaluated Linearity difference plot using CLIA criteria (15% or 0.3 mg/dl whichever is higher) for creatinine at 95% confidence limit.7.5% of result or 0.15 mg/dl were used for plotting Linearity Difference plot. If any the two conditions are satisfied at a given point in the Linearity Difference Plot, the point is considered within linearity. 50 mmol/L NaOH in final reagent mixture gives limit of linearity 28.95 mg/dl and 150 mmol/L NaOH in final reagent mixture gives limit of linearity 31.16 mg/dl. Conclusion: 150 mmol/L final reagent concentration of NaOH gives higher linearity of 31.16 mg/dl, low slop (a=29, 23) indicating high sensitivity of the reagent, low y-intercept (b=-0.4578) indicating minimum effect of non-creatinine chromogens; i.e. high specificity than 50mmol/L final reagent concentration of NaOH.

Objectives: Objective of the study is to perform linearity check for Creatinine measurement with Jaffe's two point method using CLSI EP-6 guideline for 50 mmol/L, 150mmol/L NaOH concentration in final reagent mixture. Material and Method: Leftover serum of samples received by the laboratory, devoid of patient identification, was used to make pool of serum. Serum creatinine reagents have NaOH of 50 mmol/L, 150 mmol/L were prepared. Serial dilution of pooled serum spiked with creatinine powder was prepared. Creatinines were measured in series of dilution. Linear regression analysis of each dilution series to find linearity limit was performed. Result and Discussion: This study evaluated Linearity difference plot using CLIA criteria (15% or 0.3 mg/dl whichever is higher) for creatinine at 95% confidence limit.7.5% of result or 0.15 mg/dl were used for plotting Linearity Difference plot. If any the two conditions are satisfied at a given point in the Linearity Difference Plot, the point is considered within linearity. 50 mmol/L NaOH in final reagent mixture gives limit of linearity 28.95 mg/dl and 150 mmol/L NaOH in final reagent mixture gives limit of linearity 31.16 mg/dl. Conclusion: 150 mmol/L final reagent concentration of NaOH gives higher linearity of 31.16 mg/dl, low slop (a=29, 23) indicating high sensitivity of the reagent, low y-intercept (b=-0.4578) indicating minimum effect of non-creatinine chromogens; i.e. high specificity than 50mmol/L final reagent concentration of NaOH.