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© 2018 Elsevier Inc. The optimal exercise intensity and frequency to promote clinically significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition for colorectal cancer survivors is unknown. In a group of 57 colorectal cancer survivors, high-intensity interval exercise promoted superior benefits to the current moderate-intensity exercise guidelines, even with a substantially reduced training frequency and after short-term training withdrawal. Introduction: Deteriorations in cardiorespiratory fitness (V˙O 2peak ) and body composition are associated with poor prognosis after colorectal cancer treatment. However, the optimal intensity and frequency of aerobic exercise training to improve these outcomes in colorectal cancer survivors is unknown. Patients and Methods: This trial compared 8 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE; 50 minutes; 70% peak heart rate [HR peak ]; 24 sessions), with high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE; 4 × 4 minutes; 85%-95% HR peak ) at an equivalent (HIIE; 24 sessions) and tapered frequency (HIIE-T; 16 sessions) on V˙O 2peak and on lean and fat mass, measured at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Results: Increases in V˙O 2peak were significantly greater after both 4 (+3.0 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 , P =.008) and 8 (+2.3 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 , P =.049) weeks of HIIE compared to MICE. After 8 weeks, there was a significantly greater reduction in fat mass after HIIE compared to MICE (−0.7 kg, P =.038). Four weeks after training, the HIIE group maintained elevated V˙O 2peak (+3.3 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 , P =.006) and reduced fat mass (−0.7 kg, P =.045) compared to the MICE group, with V˙O 2peak in the HIIE-T also being superior to the MICE group (+2.8 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 , P =.013). Conclusion: Compared to MICE, HIIE promotes superior improvements and short-term maintenance of V˙O 2peak and fat mass improvements. HIIE training at a reduced frequency also promotes maintainable cardiorespiratory fitness improvements. In addition to promoting

© 2018 Elsevier Inc. The optimal exercise intensity and frequency to promote clinically significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition for colorectal cancer survivors is unknown. In a group of 57 colorectal cancer survivors, high-intensity interval exercise promoted superior benefits to the current moderate-intensity exercise guidelines, even with a substantially reduced training frequency and after short-term training withdrawal. Introduction: Deteriorations in cardiorespiratory fitness (V˙O 2peak ) and body composition are associated with poor prognosis after colorectal cancer treatment. However, the optimal intensity and frequency of aerobic exercise training to improve these outcomes in colorectal cancer survivors is unknown. Patients and Methods: This trial compared 8 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE; 50 minutes; 70% peak heart rate [HR peak ]; 24 sessions), with high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE; 4 × 4 minutes; 85%-95% HR peak ) at an equivalent (HIIE; 24 sessions) and tapered frequency (HIIE-T; 16 sessions) on V˙O 2peak and on lean and fat mass, measured at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Results: Increases in V˙O 2peak were significantly greater after both 4 (+3.0 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 , P =.008) and 8 (+2.3 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 , P =.049) weeks of HIIE compared to MICE. After 8 weeks, there was a significantly greater reduction in fat mass after HIIE compared to MICE (−0.7 kg, P =.038). Four weeks after training, the HIIE group maintained elevated V˙O 2peak (+3.3 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 , P =.006) and reduced fat mass (−0.7 kg, P =.045) compared to the MICE group, with V˙O 2peak in the HIIE-T also being superior to the MICE group (+2.8 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 , P =.013). Conclusion: Compared to MICE, HIIE promotes superior improvements and short-term maintenance of V˙O 2peak and fat mass improvements. HIIE training at a reduced frequency also promotes maintainable cardiorespiratory fitness improvements. In addition to promoting

PURPOSE: Following colorectal cancer diagnosis and anti-cancer therapy, declines in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition lead to significant increases in morbidity and mortality. There is increasing interest within the field of exercise oncology surrounding potential strategies to remediate these adverse outcomes. This study compared 4 weeks of moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) and high-intensity exercise (HIE) training on peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) and body composition in colorectal cancer survivors. METHODS: Forty seven post-treatment colorectal cancer survivors (HIE = 27 months post-treatment; MIE = 38 months post-treatment) were randomised to either HIE [85-95 % peak heart rate (HRpeak)] or MIE (70 % HRpeak) in equivalence with current physical activity guidelines and completed 12 training sessions over 4 weeks. RESULTS: HIE was superior to MIE in improving absolute (p = 0.016) and relative (p = 0.021) V̇O2peak. Absolute (+0.28 L.min(-1), p < 0.001) and relative (+3.5 ml.kg(-1).min(-1), p < 0.001) V̇O2 peak were increased in the HIE group but not the MIE group following training. HIE led to significant increases in lean mass (+0.72 kg, p = 0.002) and decreases in fat mass (-0.74 kg, p < 0.001) and fat percentage (-1.0 %, p < 0.001), whereas no changes were observed for the MIE group. There were no severe adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: In response to short-term training, HIE is a safe, feasible and efficacious intervention that offers clinically meaningful improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition for colorectal cancer survivors. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: HIE appears to offer superior improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in comparison to current physical activity recommendations for colorectal cancer survivors and therefore may be an effective clinical utility following treatment.

PURPOSE: Following colorectal cancer diagnosis and anti-cancer therapy, declines in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition lead to significant increases in morbidity and mortality. There is increasing interest within the field of exercise oncology surrounding potential strategies to remediate these adverse outcomes. This study compared 4 weeks of moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) and high-intensity exercise (HIE) training on peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) and body composition in colorectal cancer survivors. METHODS: Forty seven post-treatment colorectal cancer survivors (HIE = 27 months post-treatment; MIE = 38 months post-treatment) were randomised to either HIE [85-95 % peak heart rate (HRpeak)] or MIE (70 % HRpeak) in equivalence with current physical activity guidelines and completed 12 training sessions over 4 weeks. RESULTS: HIE was superior to MIE in improving absolute (p = 0.016) and relative (p = 0.021) V̇O2peak. Absolute (+0.28 L.min(-1), p < 0.001) and relative (+3.5 ml.kg(-1).min(-1), p < 0.001) V̇O2 peak were increased in the HIE group but not the MIE group following training. HIE led to significant increases in lean mass (+0.72 kg, p = 0.002) and decreases in fat mass (-0.74 kg, p < 0.001) and fat percentage (-1.0 %, p < 0.001), whereas no changes were observed for the MIE group. There were no severe adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: In response to short-term training, HIE is a safe, feasible and efficacious intervention that offers clinically meaningful improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition for colorectal cancer survivors. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: HIE appears to offer superior improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in comparison to current physical activity recommendations for colorectal cancer survivors and therefore may be an effective clinical utility following treatment.