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A psychometric study is presented using confirmatory procedures of the Work Performance Scale of Koopmans, Bernaards, Hildebrandt, Van Buuren, Van der Beek y De Vet (2013) in its Argentine version carried out by Gabini y Salessi (2016) to obtain construct validity in accordance with the original structure and concurrent criterion validity through correlation with the Work Expectations scale (Villa-George, Moreno-Jiménez, Rodríguez-Muñoz, y Villalpando, 2011). A non-experimental-cross-sectional design was used and snowball sampling was applied. The sample was made up of 404 professionals from the Valley of Mexico who were working remotely. The three-factor structure was analyzed (performance in the task, counterproductive behaviors and performance in the context) and with 12 items, the results indicate good reliability of the instrument, an adequate fit of the model to the data, and relevant convergent construct validity. It is considered that the scale is a recommended instrument for the evaluation of Work Performance in Mexican professionals., Se presenta un estudio psicométrico por procedimientos confirmatorios de la Escala de Desempeño Laboral de Koopmans, Bernaards, Hildebrandt, Van Buu­ren, Van der Beek y De Vet (2013) en su versión argentina realizada por Gabini y Salessi (2016) con el objetivo de obtener la validez de constructo en apego a la estructura original y validez de criterio concurrente a través de correlación con la escala de Expectativas Laborales (Villa-George, Moreno-Jiménez, Rodríguez-Muñoz y Villalpando, 2011). Se utilizó un diseño no experimental-transversal y se aplicó el muestreo de bola de nieve. La muestra estuvo constituida por 404 profesionistas del Valle de México que se encontraban laborando en teletrabajo. Se analizó la estructura de tres factores (rendimiento en la tarea, comportamientos contraproducentes y rendimiento en el contexto) y con 12 ítems, los resultados indican una buena fiabilidad del instrumento, un ajuste adecuado del modelo a los datos, y pertinente validez de constructo convergente. Se considera que la escala es un instrumento recomendable para la evaluación del Desempeño Laboral en profesionistas mexicanos.

The skills with performance criteria, as well as the taxonomies are topics that have not been consciously addressed, as well as the relationship between these two points to achieve a meaningful educational process characteristic of the XXI century. This work focuses on the analysis as a key point to verify the correspondence in the acquisition of skills with performance criteria using a hierarchical organization of the cognitive levels established by Bloom, which are established according to the years taken from the subject of Philosophy, which requires more emphasis on the acquisition of skills because its purpose is to teach how to think using one's own arguments and ideas. The present application establishes a documentary-bibliographic methodology based on resources such as the Ministerio de Educación, the curriculum and other research carried out within the educational field, which made it possible to achieve the objective of this research on how Bloom's taxonomy is valid at the moment of the fulfillment of the skills with performance criteria specifically from level 4 in Philosophy 1. It is concluded that there is no correlation range between the skills, the course and the activities proposed in the educational texts and this makes it difficult to organize for cognitive development, that is, of mental processes

The skills with performance criteria, as well as the taxonomies are topics that have not been consciously addressed, as well as the relationship between these two points to achieve a meaningful educational process characteristic of the XXI century. This work focuses on the analysis as a key point to verify the correspondence in the acquisition of skills with performance criteria using a hierarchical organization of the cognitive levels established by Bloom, which are established according to the years taken from the subject of Philosophy, which requires more emphasis on the acquisition of skills because its purpose is to teach how to think using one's own arguments and ideas. The present application establishes a documentary-bibliographic methodology based on resources such as the Ministerio de Educación, the curriculum and other research carried out within the educational field, which made it possible to achieve the objective of this research on how Bloom's taxonomy is valid at the moment of the fulfillment of the skills with performance criteria specifically from level 4 in Philosophy 1. It is concluded that there is no correlation range between the skills, the course and the activities proposed in the educational texts and this makes it difficult to organize for cognitive development, that is, of mental processes

The skills with performance criteria, as well as the taxonomies are topics that have not been consciously addressed, as well as the relationship between these two points to achieve a meaningful educational process characteristic of the XXI century. This work focuses on the analysis as a key point to verify the correspondence in the acquisition of skills with performance criteria using a hierarchical organization of the cognitive levels established by Bloom, which are established according to the years taken from the subject of Philosophy, which requires more emphasis on the acquisition of skills because its purpose is to teach how to think using one's own arguments and ideas. The present application establishes a documentary-bibliographic methodology based on resources such as the Ministerio de Educación, the curriculum and other research carried out within the educational field, which made it possible to achieve the objective of this research on how Bloom's taxonomy is valid at the moment of the fulfillment of the skills with performance criteria specifically from level 4 in Philosophy 1. It is concluded that there is no correlation range between the skills, the course and the activities proposed in the educational texts and this makes it difficult to organize for cognitive development, that is, of mental processes

[EN] Plant viruses can be manipulate d and converted into biotechnological tools to produce recombinant proteins in biofactory plan t s. One of the viruses most frequently used is Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), a plus - strand RNA virus that quickly and efficiently infects solanaceous plants and that, in a few days after inoculation, produces vast amounts of the viral coat protein (CP). In many TMV - based vectors, most of the CP coding region is replaced by the cDNA corresponding to the recombinant protein of interest. Consequently, the virus loses the capacity to move systemically, although keeps moving cell - to - cell. However, in these vectors the 5’ and 3’ termini of the CP coding region is maintained, flanking the cDNA of the protein of interest, although with modifications to avoid tra nslation. These regions contain important elements for the correct expression of the recombinant protein. In this work, we wondered how the yield of the recombinant protein would be affected provided these fragments were translated and incorporated to the protein of interest as amino and carboxyl fusions. Our results show how the production of the green fluorescent protein increases when we use a TMV - derived vector that induces the translational fusion of these termini of the viral CP., [ES] Los cultivos agrícolas se ven afectados por múltiples agentes patógenos, como son los nemátodos, hongos, bacterias, fitoplasmas, virus y viroides, los cuales provocan graves pérdidas en la producción agrícola (Oerke, 2006). Las infecciones virales en las plantas son particularmente frecuentes y muchas se ven acentuadas por su eficiente transmisión a través de vectores como los insectos. Existe una gran variedad de géneros y familias de virus que infectan plantas. Uno de los grupos de virus de plantas más numerosos es el de los potyvirus (género Potyvirus, familia Potyviridae). Se trata de virus de RNA de cadena positiva que expresan su genoma, fundamentalmente, a través de la producción de una gran poliproteína (Revers y García, 2015). Actualmente se conocen cerca de 200 especies distintas de potyvirus, muchos de los cuales provocan importantes enfermedades en cultivos agrícolas. Uno de ellos es el virus del mosaico amarillento del calabacín (ZYMV del inglés zucchini yellow mosaic virus) que infecta numerosas especies de cucurbitáceas. Otro grupo particularmente interesante de patógenos de plantas es el de los viroides. Se trata de pequeños RNAs circulares (246-401 nucleótidos en las especies conocidas hasta la fecha) desnudos y monocatenarios que son capaces de infectar plantas provocando en muchas ocasiones enfermedades, algunas de ellas de gran relevancia económica (Flores et al., 2015). Se replican mediante un mecanismo de círculo rodante con intermediarios exclusivamente de RNA reclutando para ello algunas enzimas centrales en el metabolismo de los ácidos nucleicos del huésped. Con los viroides, los agentes virales de las plantas llegan al extremo de sencillez genética, puesto que el RNA viroidal no codifica ninguna proteína y, a pesar de ello, el RNA consigue replicarse, moverse célula a célula, sistémicamente a través del floema y eludir las defensas del huésped. El propio RNA viroidal debe ser capaz de interaccionar y reclutar factores, estructuras y ru

[EN] Plant viruses can be manipulate d and converted into biotechnological tools to produce recombinant proteins in biofactory plan t s. One of the viruses most frequently used is Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), a plus - strand RNA virus that quickly and efficiently infects solanaceous plants and that, in a few days after inoculation, produces vast amounts of the viral coat protein (CP). In many TMV - based vectors, most of the CP coding region is replaced by the cDNA corresponding to the recombinant protein of interest. Consequently, the virus loses the capacity to move systemically, although keeps moving cell - to - cell. However, in these vectors the 5’ and 3’ termini of the CP coding region is maintained, flanking the cDNA of the protein of interest, although with modifications to avoid tra nslation. These regions contain important elements for the correct expression of the recombinant protein. In this work, we wondered how the yield of the recombinant protein would be affected provided these fragments were translated and incorporated to the protein of interest as amino and carboxyl fusions. Our results show how the production of the green fluorescent protein increases when we use a TMV - derived vector that induces the translational fusion of these termini of the viral CP., [ES] Los cultivos agrícolas se ven afectados por múltiples agentes patógenos, como son los nemátodos, hongos, bacterias, fitoplasmas, virus y viroides, los cuales provocan graves pérdidas en la producción agrícola (Oerke, 2006). Las infecciones virales en las plantas son particularmente frecuentes y muchas se ven acentuadas por su eficiente transmisión a través de vectores como los insectos. Existe una gran variedad de géneros y familias de virus que infectan plantas. Uno de los grupos de virus de plantas más numerosos es el de los potyvirus (género Potyvirus, familia Potyviridae). Se trata de virus de RNA de cadena positiva que expresan su genoma, fundamentalmente, a través de la producción de una gran poliproteína (Revers y García, 2015). Actualmente se conocen cerca de 200 especies distintas de potyvirus, muchos de los cuales provocan importantes enfermedades en cultivos agrícolas. Uno de ellos es el virus del mosaico amarillento del calabacín (ZYMV del inglés zucchini yellow mosaic virus) que infecta numerosas especies de cucurbitáceas. Otro grupo particularmente interesante de patógenos de plantas es el de los viroides. Se trata de pequeños RNAs circulares (246-401 nucleótidos en las especies conocidas hasta la fecha) desnudos y monocatenarios que son capaces de infectar plantas provocando en muchas ocasiones enfermedades, algunas de ellas de gran relevancia económica (Flores et al., 2015). Se replican mediante un mecanismo de círculo rodante con intermediarios exclusivamente de RNA reclutando para ello algunas enzimas centrales en el metabolismo de los ácidos nucleicos del huésped. Con los viroides, los agentes virales de las plantas llegan al extremo de sencillez genética, puesto que el RNA viroidal no codifica ninguna proteína y, a pesar de ello, el RNA consigue replicarse, moverse célula a célula, sistémicamente a través del floema y eludir las defensas del huésped. El propio RNA viroidal debe ser capaz de interaccionar y reclutar factores, estructuras y ru

[EN] Plant viruses can be manipulate d and converted into biotechnological tools to produce recombinant proteins in biofactory plan t s. One of the viruses most frequently used is Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), a plus - strand RNA virus that quickly and efficiently infects solanaceous plants and that, in a few days after inoculation, produces vast amounts of the viral coat protein (CP). In many TMV - based vectors, most of the CP coding region is replaced by the cDNA corresponding to the recombinant protein of interest. Consequently, the virus loses the capacity to move systemically, although keeps moving cell - to - cell. However, in these vectors the 5’ and 3’ termini of the CP coding region is maintained, flanking the cDNA of the protein of interest, although with modifications to avoid tra nslation. These regions contain important elements for the correct expression of the recombinant protein. In this work, we wondered how the yield of the recombinant protein would be affected provided these fragments were translated and incorporated to the protein of interest as amino and carboxyl fusions. Our results show how the production of the green fluorescent protein increases when we use a TMV - derived vector that induces the translational fusion of these termini of the viral CP., [ES] Los cultivos agrícolas se ven afectados por múltiples agentes patógenos, como son los nemátodos, hongos, bacterias, fitoplasmas, virus y viroides, los cuales provocan graves pérdidas en la producción agrícola (Oerke, 2006). Las infecciones virales en las plantas son particularmente frecuentes y muchas se ven acentuadas por su eficiente transmisión a través de vectores como los insectos. Existe una gran variedad de géneros y familias de virus que infectan plantas. Uno de los grupos de virus de plantas más numerosos es el de los potyvirus (género Potyvirus, familia Potyviridae). Se trata de virus de RNA de cadena positiva que expresan su genoma, fundamentalmente, a través de la producción de una gran poliproteína (Revers y García, 2015). Actualmente se conocen cerca de 200 especies distintas de potyvirus, muchos de los cuales provocan importantes enfermedades en cultivos agrícolas. Uno de ellos es el virus del mosaico amarillento del calabacín (ZYMV del inglés zucchini yellow mosaic virus) que infecta numerosas especies de cucurbitáceas. Otro grupo particularmente interesante de patógenos de plantas es el de los viroides. Se trata de pequeños RNAs circulares (246-401 nucleótidos en las especies conocidas hasta la fecha) desnudos y monocatenarios que son capaces de infectar plantas provocando en muchas ocasiones enfermedades, algunas de ellas de gran relevancia económica (Flores et al., 2015). Se replican mediante un mecanismo de círculo rodante con intermediarios exclusivamente de RNA reclutando para ello algunas enzimas centrales en el metabolismo de los ácidos nucleicos del huésped. Con los viroides, los agentes virales de las plantas llegan al extremo de sencillez genética, puesto que el RNA viroidal no codifica ninguna proteína y, a pesar de ello, el RNA consigue replicarse, moverse célula a célula, sistémicamente a través del floema y eludir las defensas del huésped. El propio RNA viroidal debe ser capaz de interaccionar y reclutar factores, estructuras y ru

[EN] Plant viruses can be manipulate d and converted into biotechnological tools to produce recombinant proteins in biofactory plan t s. One of the viruses most frequently used is Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), a plus - strand RNA virus that quickly and efficiently infects solanaceous plants and that, in a few days after inoculation, produces vast amounts of the viral coat protein (CP). In many TMV - based vectors, most of the CP coding region is replaced by the cDNA corresponding to the recombinant protein of interest. Consequently, the virus loses the capacity to move systemically, although keeps moving cell - to - cell. However, in these vectors the 5’ and 3’ termini of the CP coding region is maintained, flanking the cDNA of the protein of interest, although with modifications to avoid tra nslation. These regions contain important elements for the correct expression of the recombinant protein. In this work, we wondered how the yield of the recombinant protein would be affected provided these fragments were translated and incorporated to the protein of interest as amino and carboxyl fusions. Our results show how the production of the green fluorescent protein increases when we use a TMV - derived vector that induces the translational fusion of these termini of the viral CP., [ES] Los cultivos agrícolas se ven afectados por múltiples agentes patógenos, como son los nemátodos, hongos, bacterias, fitoplasmas, virus y viroides, los cuales provocan graves pérdidas en la producción agrícola (Oerke, 2006). Las infecciones virales en las plantas son particularmente frecuentes y muchas se ven acentuadas por su eficiente transmisión a través de vectores como los insectos. Existe una gran variedad de géneros y familias de virus que infectan plantas. Uno de los grupos de virus de plantas más numerosos es el de los potyvirus (género Potyvirus, familia Potyviridae). Se trata de virus de RNA de cadena positiva que expresan su genoma, fundamentalmente, a través de la producción de una gran poliproteína (Revers y García, 2015). Actualmente se conocen cerca de 200 especies distintas de potyvirus, muchos de los cuales provocan importantes enfermedades en cultivos agrícolas. Uno de ellos es el virus del mosaico amarillento del calabacín (ZYMV del inglés zucchini yellow mosaic virus) que infecta numerosas especies de cucurbitáceas. Otro grupo particularmente interesante de patógenos de plantas es el de los viroides. Se trata de pequeños RNAs circulares (246-401 nucleótidos en las especies conocidas hasta la fecha) desnudos y monocatenarios que son capaces de infectar plantas provocando en muchas ocasiones enfermedades, algunas de ellas de gran relevancia económica (Flores et al., 2015). Se replican mediante un mecanismo de círculo rodante con intermediarios exclusivamente de RNA reclutando para ello algunas enzimas centrales en el metabolismo de los ácidos nucleicos del huésped. Con los viroides, los agentes virales de las plantas llegan al extremo de sencillez genética, puesto que el RNA viroidal no codifica ninguna proteína y, a pesar de ello, el RNA consigue replicarse, moverse célula a célula, sistémicamente a través del floema y eludir las defensas del huésped. El propio RNA viroidal debe ser capaz de interaccionar y reclutar factores, estructuras y ru

[Resumen] El aluminio es un metal naturalmente frecuente en los suelos cultivables de todo el mundo, pero su efecto fitotóxico produce daños en las plantas y baja la calidad de las partes comestibles. Analizamos los efectos de un producto fitofortificante disponible comercialmente en plántulas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.), con la intención de estudiar su capacidad de minimizar los efectos nocivos del aluminio. Los estudios de biomasa y de expresión génica no demostraron efectividad, pero el análisis por espectroscopía de infrarrojos de las paredes celulares de la raíz apunta a un posible efecto protector del producto relacionado con cambios en la composición de la pared., [Resumo] O aluminio é un metal naturalmente frecuente nas terras aráveis de todo o mundo, pero o seu efecto fitotóxico produce danos nas plantas e baixa a calidade das partes comestíbeis. Analizamos os efectos dun produto fitofortificante disponible comercialmente en plántulas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.), coa intención de estudar a súa capacidade de minimizar os efectos nocivos do aluminio. Os estudos de biomasa e de expresión xénica non demostraron efectividade, pero o análise por espectroscopía de infravermellos das paredes celulares da raíz apunta a un posíbel efecto protector do producto relacionado con cambios na composición da parede., [Abstract] Aluminum is a naturally abundant metal in arable soils all across the world, but its phytotoxic effects cause damage to plants and lower the quality of the edible parts. We analyzed the effects of a commercially available phytostrenghtener on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings, with the intention of studying its capacity to minimize damage by aluminum. Biomass and gene expression studies didn’t prove its effectiveness, but the analysis of root cell walls via infrared spectroscopy points to the product having a protective effect regarding changes in the cell wall composition.

This investigation had the objective to develop a psychosocial strategy to promote waste separation in a University institution. It was carry out a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test post-test design, with a control group and one experimental. The sample were 302 students, 125 in control group, and 177 in the experimental group, with mean age of 23 years old (SD = 4.36). After that information was proportionate, the experimental group increased significantly its punctuation, and it’s confirmed the efficacy of informative talks as an antecedent strategy, in which an exposed group to oral and visual information increases its knowledge level. It was concluded the implemented strategy was effective to develop environmental knowledge., El objetivo de esta investigación fue el desarrollo de una estrategia psicosocial para la promoción de conducta proambiental de separación de residuos en una institución universitaria. Se efectuó un estudio cuasi-experimental con un diseño pre-test-post-test con un grupo control y un experimental, para determinar la efectividad que una intervención basada en información tenía sobre el conocimiento ambiental. La muestra estuvo constituida por 302 estudiantes, 125 del grupo control y 177 del grupo experimental, cuya edad promedio fue de 23 años (desviación estándar = 4.36). Después de haberse suministrado la información, el grupo experimental incrementó sus puntajes de manera significativa, corroborándose así la utilidad y eficacia de las pláticas como una estrategia de tipo antecedente, en la que un grupo que es expuesto a información oral y visual incrementa sus conocimientos. Se concluyó que la estrategia implementada en este estudio fue eficaz para desarrollar conocimiento ambiental.

Methionine metabolism impairment in human liver disease has been related with an alteration in SAM-synthetase. This deficiency is produced by a post-translational event since human liver cirrhosis presents normal levels of SAM-synthetase mRNA in spite of a more than 50% diminution in its activity. A series of different experiments on the structure and activity of this enzyme have provided strong evidence that SAM-synthetase is regulated by reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio. Restoration of glutathione levels by the addition of S-adenosyl-methionine or glutathione esters in various experimental conditions (buthionine sulfoximine and carbon tetrachloride intoxication) resulted in a normalization of the SAM-synthetase diminution caused by the toxics and an attenuation of the morfological alteration produced in the liver, including fiber production. This findings might have pharmacological implications in the treatment of liver diseases, since the possible beneficial effect of long term administration of SAM could include a reduction of fiber production.

The regulation of rat liver S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (AdoMet synthetase), a key enzyme in methionine metabolism, by protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation has been studied. Both enzyme forms, tetramer and dimer, are phosphorylated by this kinase in the same residue, Thr-342, of the sequence. Phosphorylation of the dimer leads to its dissociation, with production of a fully-active monomer. The kinetics of the monomer have been studied, and a KmMet of 931.9 microM, a KmATP of 708 microM and a Vmax of 66.8 nmol/min/mg have been calculated. Alkaline phosphatase treatment of both enzyme forms (tetramer and dimer) produces a reduction in their activity with no change in the oligomeric state. On the other hand, PKC phosphorylation of the alkaline phosphatase-treated AdoMet synthetase forms leads to the dissociation of the dimer to produce a monomer. Rephosphorylation occurs again in the same residue, Thr-342, of the sequence. The significance of AdoMet synthetase regulation by PKC phosphorylation is further discussed.

Rat liver S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) synthetase appears as high-M(r) (tetramer) and low-M(r) (dimer) forms. Both are inhibited in the presence of GSSG at pH 8. The calculated K(i) values are 2.14 and 4.03 mM for the high- and low-M(r) forms, respectively. No effect on enzyme activity was observed in the presence of GSH, but modulation of inhibition by GSSG can be obtained by addition of GSH. At a total glutathione concentration (GSH + GSSG) of 10 mM, a K(ox) of 1.74 was calculated for the high-M(r) form, whereas this constant was 2.85 for the low-M(r) AdoMet synthetase. No incorporation of [35S]GSSG was observed in either of the enzyme forms, and inhibition of enzyme activity was correlated with dissociation of both AdoMet synthetases to a monomer. The data obtained in the presence of GSSG seem to suggest that oxidation leads to the formation of an intrasubunit disulfide. The possible regulation of AdoMet synthetase activity by the GSH/GSSG ratio is discussed, as well as its in vivo significance.

The in vivo regulation of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, a key enzyme in methionine metabolism, is so far unknown. The enzyme activity has been shown to be modulated by glutathione and the oxidation state of its sulfhydryl groups. Analysis of the protein sequence has revealed the presence of putative phosphorylation sites. A mixed regulatory mechanism combining phosphorylation and the oxido/reduction of sulfhydryl groups is proposed. The role of glutathione in this mechanism is also discussed.