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Freshwater ecosystems face a particularly high risk of biodiversity loss compared to marine and terrestrial systems. The use of pesticides in agricultural fields is recognized as a relevant stressor for freshwater environments, exerting a negative impact worldwide on the overall status and health of the freshwater communities. In the present work, part of the Horizon 2020 funded SPRINT project, the occurrence of 193 pesticide residues was investigated in 64 small water bodies of distinct typology (creeks, streams, channels, ditches, rivers, lakes, ponds and reservoirs), located in regions with high agricultural activity in 10 European countries and in Argentina. Mixtures of pesticide residues were detected in all water bodies (20, median; 8–40 min-max). Total pesticide levels found ranged between 6.89 and 5860 ng/L, highlighting herbicides as the dominant type of pesticides. Glyphosate was the compound with the highest median concentration followed by 2,4-D and MCPA, and in a lower degree by dimethomorph, fluopicolide, prothioconazole and metolachlor(-S). Argentina was the site with the highest total pesticide concentration in water bodies followed by The Netherlands, Portugal and France. One or more pesticides exceeded the threshold values established in the European Water Framework Directive for surface water in 9 out of 11 case study sites (CSS), and the total pesticide concentration surpassed the reference value of 500 ng/L in 8 CSS. Although only 5 % (bifenthrin, dieldrin, fipronil sulfone, permethrin, and terbutryn) of the individual pesticides denoted high risk (RQ > 1), the ratios estimated for pesticide mixtures suggested potential environmental risk in the aquatic compartment studied.

Background: The supply chain is one of the most important components of any organization, especially in chain stores. This issue has increased the concerns about the risks affecting the stability of the supply chain regarding these stores and their products. It is one of the most critical aspects of sustainability in the environmental field. This issue is significantly raised in products with a higher probability of damaging the environment, which in this research is related to detergents. Purpose: The primary purpose of this research is to investigate the risks of a sustainable supply chain with an emphasis on environmental factors and the specific field of detergent packaging. Method: In this research, using the qualitative method and interviews, we identified risks, influential factors, strategies, and expected results from risk management in the sustainable supply chain in the detergent packaging sector. For this purpose, ten experts and people with experience in this field were interviewed. Results: The results of this research led to the identification of practical risks, factors affecting supply chain sustainability risks from an environmental point of view, strategies for managing these risks, and finally, the expected results to manage these risks.

Parasitic vector-borne diseases (VBDs) represent nearly 20% of the global burden of infectious diseases. Moreover, the spread of VBDs is enhanced by global travel, urbanization, and climate change. Treatment of VBDs faces challenges due to limitations of existing drugs, as the potential for side effects in nontarget species raises significant environmental concerns. Consequently, considering environmental risks early in drug development processes is critically important. Here, we examine the environmental risk assessment process for veterinary medicinal products in the European Union and identify major gaps in the ecotoxicity data of these drugs. By highlighting the scarcity of ecotoxicological data for commonly used antiparasitic drugs, we stress the urgent need for considering the One Health concept. We advocate for employing predictive tools and nonanimal methodologies such as New Approach Methodologies at early stages of antiparasitic drug research and development. Furthermore, adopting progressive approaches to mitigate ecological risks requires the integration of nonstandard tests that account for real-world complexities and use environmentally relevant exposure scenarios. Such a strategy is vital for a sustainable drug development process as it adheres to the principles of One Health, ultimately contributing to a healthier and more sustainable world.

Background: The supply chain is one of the most important components of any organization, especially in chain stores. This issue has increased the concerns about the risks affecting the stability of the supply chain regarding these stores and their products. It is one of the most critical aspects of sustainability in the environmental field. This issue is significantly raised in products with a higher probability of damaging the environment, which in this research is related to detergents. Purpose: The primary purpose of this research is to investigate the risks of a sustainable supply chain with an emphasis on environmental factors and the specific field of detergent packaging. Method: In this research, using the qualitative method and interviews, we identified risks, influential factors, strategies, and expected results from risk management in the sustainable supply chain in the detergent packaging sector. For this purpose, ten experts and people with experience in this field were interviewed. Results: The results of this research led to the identification of practical risks, factors affecting supply chain sustainability risks from an environmental point of view, strategies for managing these risks, and finally, the expected results to manage these risks.

A triple environmental crisis marks the current century: the climate, biodiversity and pollution emergencies that challenge¡ societies around the world and require global dialogue. Consequently, it seems worth assessing across international strata, whether young adults living in different regions would share social representations of the environmental crisis. Built on findings from 16 focus group discussions held in Ireland and Uruguay, comprising 109 participants, the objective of this article is to uncover and compare between countries: which environmental issues remain crucial for young citizens of diverse backgrounds and affiliations; how coincidental issues of concern are articulated across countries; and how structural factors are perceived as key to an environmentally unsustainable system. Let alone the case of Climate Change, the main findings point to shared topics of concern, such as Waste Generation and Disposal or Food Production and Consumption, with contrasting social representations of them between the two regions, which shed light on how environmental risk is socially built in dialogue with the context despite global discursive trends, in a highly mediatized and glocal era. Unlike university students focused studies, the paper offers a qualitative approach to the perceptions of young adults of diverse backgrounds in both countries., Una triple crisis ambiental marca el siglo actual: las emergencias climáticas, de biodiversidad y de contaminación desafían a las sociedades de todo el mundo y requieren un diálogo global. En consecuencia, parece valioso evaluar a través de estratos internacionales si los adultos jóvenes que viven en diferentes regiones comparten representaciones sociales de la crisis ambiental. Basado en hallazgos de 16 grupos de discusión realizados en Irlanda y Uruguay, con un total de 109 participantes, el objetivo principal de este artículo es descubrir y comparar entre países: cuáles son los problemas ambientales que siguen siendo cruciales para los jóvenes ciudadanos de diversos orígenes y afiliaciones; cómo se articulan las preocupaciones ambientales coincidentes en cada país; y cómo se perciben los factores estructurales que estarían siendo la clave de un sistema ambientalmente insostenible. Dejando aparte el caso del cambio climático, los principales hallazgos apuntan a temas compartidos de preocupación, como la generación y disposición de residuos o la producción y el consumo de alimentos, con representaciones sociales contrastantes de sus significados entre las dos regiones, lo que arroja luz sobre cómo el riesgo ambiental se construye socialmente en diálogo con el contexto a pesar de las tendencias discursivas globales, en una era altamente mediatizada y glocal. A diferencia de los estudios centrados en estudiantes universitarios, el artículo ofrece un enfoque cualitativo sobre las percepciones de adultos jóvenes de diversos perfiles en ambos países.

Parasitic vector-borne diseases (VBDs) represent nearly 20% of the global burden of infectious diseases. Moreover, the spread of VBDs is enhanced by global travel, urbanization, and climate change. Treatment of VBDs faces challenges due to limitations of existing drugs, as the potential for side effects in nontarget species raises significant environmental concerns. Consequently, considering environmental risks early in drug development processes is critically important. Here, we examine the environmental risk assessment process for veterinary medicinal products in the European Union and identify major gaps in the ecotoxicity data of these drugs. By highlighting the scarcity of ecotoxicological data for commonly used antiparasitic drugs, we stress the urgent need for considering the One Health concept. We advocate for employing predictive tools and nonanimal methodologies such as New Approach Methodologies at early stages of antiparasitic drug research and development. Furthermore, adopting progressive approaches to mitigate ecological risks requires the integration of nonstandard tests that account for real-world complexities and use environmentally relevant exposure scenarios. Such a strategy is vital for a sustainable drug development process as it adheres to the principles of One Health, ultimately contributing to a healthier and more sustainable world.

[EN] The areas in which the teosinte has been found in Spain are those with the largest acreage planted with genetically modified maize, the Bt maize expressing Cry1Ab toxin used to control the pests Sesamia nonagrioides and Ostrinia nubilalis, known as borers. The close relation between maize and teosinte allows their crossing and the expression of the toxin in the hybrids. The production of the toxin at sub-lethal levels for the borers could lead to an earlier development of resistance. In this work, the potential hybridisation between teosinte found in Spain as the female parent and Bt maize as the male parent was determined. Furthermore, a phenological monitoring of the vegetative (plant height, stem area and number of leaves) and reproductive stages (days to flowering) of the hybrids and their parents has been carried out, while the Cry1Ab toxin produced have been quantified by ELISA. The experiments were carried out during three years under non-controlled environmental conditions. Hybrids were only obtained in one of the years, at percentages ranging from 0% to 72%. The hybrids showed a phenotype intermediate to that of the parents for the parameters evaluated. Environmental conditions influenced the production of Cry1Ab toxin in the F1 hybrids, which ranged from 36.4-48.8 ng Cry1Ab/mg fresh leaf, depending on the year. These values were of 46.8-51.4 for maize, [ES] Las áreas donde se ha identificado la presencia de teosinte en España son aquellas con la mayor superficie cultivada con maíz modificado genéticamente, maíz Bt que expresa la toxina Cry1Ab para el control de las plagas Sesamia nonagrioides y Ostrinia nubilalis, denominadas taladros. El parentesco entre maíz y teosinte permite su cruzamiento y la expresión de toxina en los híbridos. Una producción de toxina a niveles subletales para los taladros podría dar lugar a una aceleración en el desarrollo de resistencia. En este trabajo se ha determinado el potencial de hibridación entre el teosinte localizado en España como parental femenino y el maíz Bt como parental masculino. Además, se ha realizado un seguimiento fenológico de las etapas vegetativas (altura, área del tallo, número de hojas y tallos secundarios) y reproductiva (días hasta la floración) de los híbridos y de sus parentales y, se han cuantificado los niveles de toxina Cry1Ab en las plantas mediante ELISA. Los ensayos se han realizado durante tres años en condiciones ambientales no controladas. Sólo en uno de los años se conguió obtener híbridos en porcentajes que variaron de 0% al 72%. Los híbridos presentaron un fenotipo intermedio al de los parentales para los parámetros evaluados. Las condiciones ambientales influyeron en la concentración de toxina Cry1Ab producida por los los híbridos F1 que varió entre 36,4-48,8 ng Cry1Ab/mg de hoja fresca en función del año, siendo estos valores de 46,8-51,4 para el maíz.

Context: The intensifying utilization of glyphosate has provoked global scientific concern due to the potential large-scale impact on ecosystems. In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reclassified glyphosate and its degradation byproduct, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), as Category 2A, indicating probable human carcinogenicity. Knowledge Gap: A review of the existing literature reveals a relative scarcity of information on the aquatic impact of glyphosate and its degradation products. Purpose: To determine the scope and implications of the impact of glyphosate and its degradation products on aquatic ecosystems, in order to better understand their ecotoxicological effects and provide a foundation for future research and policy decisions in this area. Methodology: A systematic review of ecotoxicological studies published in Spanish and English over the last 12 years was conducted to assess the effects of glyphosate and its degradation products on aquatic ecosystems and the risks to various species. Approximately 95 documents were reviewed, including data from 69, addressing toxicity, biodegradation, contamination, and international regulations. Results: Studies have shown that chronic exposure to glyphosate can alter the metabolism in fish and affect the life cycle of organisms such as Daphnia Magna. The composition of glyphosate, along with its adjuvants, can increase its toxicity and pose risks to the aquatic ecosystem, making it crucial to understand the specific formulations and their concentrations. Conclusions: The increased use of glyphosate raised global scientific concerns due to its potential impact on ecosystems, with the IARC classifying it as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Studies showed acute toxicity to aquatic organisms and highlighted the need for risk assessment methodologies for long-term impacts on ecosystems and human., Contextualización: la creciente utilización de glifosato ha generado preocupación científica a nivel global debido a su potencial impacto a gran escala en los ecosistemas. En 2015, la Agencia Internacional de Investigación sobre el Cáncer (IARC) reclasificó el glifosato y su producto de degradación, el ácido aminometilfosfónico (AMPA), como Categoría 2A, indicando probable carcinogenicidad en humanos. Vacío de conocimiento: una revisión de la literatura existente revela una relativa escasez de información sobre el impacto acuático del glifosato y sus productos de degradación. Propósito: determinar el alcance y las implicaciones del impacto del glifosato y sus productos de degradación en ecosistemas acuáticos, a fin de comprender mejor sus efectos ecotoxicológicos y proporcionar una base para futuras investigaciones y decisiones políticas en esta área. Metodología: se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios ecotoxicológicos en español e inglés publicados en los últimos 12 años para evaluar los efectos del glifosato y sus productos de degradación en ecosistemas acuáticos y los riesgos para diversas especies. Se revisaron aproximadamente 95 documentos, incluyendo información de 69, abordando toxicidad, biodegradación, contaminación y regulaciones internacionales. Resultados: estudios han demostrado que la exposición crónica a glifosato puede alterar el metabolismo en peces y afectar el ciclo de vida de organismos como Daphnia Magna. La composición de glifosato, junto con sus coadyuvantes, puede incrementar su toxicidad y representar riesgos para el ecosistema acuático, siendo clave entender las formulaciones específicas y sus concentraciones. Conclusiones: el aumento en el uso del glifosato generó preocupaciones científicas a nivel mundial debido a su potencial impacto en los ecosistemas, con la IARC clasificándolo como posiblemente carcinogénico para los humanos. Los estudios mostraron toxicidad aguda en organismos acuáticos y resaltaron la necesidad de metodolog

Context: The intensifying utilization of glyphosate has provoked global scientific concern due to the potential large-scale impact on ecosystems. In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reclassified glyphosate and its degradation byproduct, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), as Category 2A, indicating probable human carcinogenicity. Knowledge Gap: A review of the existing literature reveals a relative scarcity of information on the aquatic impact of glyphosate and its degradation products. Purpose: To determine the scope and implications of the impact of glyphosate and its degradation products on aquatic ecosystems, in order to better understand their ecotoxicological effects and provide a foundation for future research and policy decisions in this area. Methodology: A systematic review of ecotoxicological studies published in Spanish and English over the last 12 years was conducted to assess the effects of glyphosate and its degradation products on aquatic ecosystems and the risks to various species. Approximately 95 documents were reviewed, including data from 69, addressing toxicity, biodegradation, contamination, and international regulations. Results: Studies have shown that chronic exposure to glyphosate can alter the metabolism in fish and affect the life cycle of organisms such as Daphnia Magna. The composition of glyphosate, along with its adjuvants, can increase its toxicity and pose risks to the aquatic ecosystem, making it crucial to understand the specific formulations and their concentrations. Conclusions: The increased use of glyphosate raised global scientific concerns due to its potential impact on ecosystems, with the IARC classifying it as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Studies showed acute toxicity to aquatic organisms and highlighted the need for risk assessment methodologies for long-term impacts on ecosystems and human., Contextualización: la creciente utilización de glifosato ha generado preocupación científica a nivel global debido a su potencial impacto a gran escala en los ecosistemas. En 2015, la Agencia Internacional de Investigación sobre el Cáncer (IARC) reclasificó el glifosato y su producto de degradación, el ácido aminometilfosfónico (AMPA), como Categoría 2A, indicando probable carcinogenicidad en humanos. Vacío de conocimiento: una revisión de la literatura existente revela una relativa escasez de información sobre el impacto acuático del glifosato y sus productos de degradación. Propósito: determinar el alcance y las implicaciones del impacto del glifosato y sus productos de degradación en ecosistemas acuáticos, a fin de comprender mejor sus efectos ecotoxicológicos y proporcionar una base para futuras investigaciones y decisiones políticas en esta área. Metodología: se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios ecotoxicológicos en español e inglés publicados en los últimos 12 años para evaluar los efectos del glifosato y sus productos de degradación en ecosistemas acuáticos y los riesgos para diversas especies. Se revisaron aproximadamente 95 documentos, incluyendo información de 69, abordando toxicidad, biodegradación, contaminación y regulaciones internacionales. Resultados: estudios han demostrado que la exposición crónica a glifosato puede alterar el metabolismo en peces y afectar el ciclo de vida de organismos como Daphnia Magna. La composición de glifosato, junto con sus coadyuvantes, puede incrementar su toxicidad y representar riesgos para el ecosistema acuático, siendo clave entender las formulaciones específicas y sus concentraciones. Conclusiones: el aumento en el uso del glifosato generó preocupaciones científicas a nivel mundial debido a su potencial impacto en los ecosistemas, con la IARC clasificándolo como posiblemente carcinogénico para los humanos. Los estudios mostraron toxicidad aguda en organismos acuáticos y resaltaron la necesidad de metodolog

This article studies what notions of environmental risk build different actors on emerging technologies and examines how these notions of risk are used in action strategies by coalitions that face environmental conflicts. We carried out a comparative study of two cases: the thermo-recovery of waste in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and the hydraulic fracture in the province of Mendoza. The results show coalitions that promote and attempt against technologies, and that some of them are made up of different fixed actors, while others oscillate between coalitions. Furthermore, both the detractors of emerging technologies and their promotors are State-society coalitions. Both have a specific and minimal vision of the problem: the detractors perceive high environmental risk, potential dependence on technologies, violation of social rights and limited institutional capacities to address these issues. Promotors have a low perception of risk, based on the possibility of addressing the issue with “good practices” and “clean technologies”, and considering a high benefit of an economic nature and of “modernization and progress”. In terms of actions, both coalitions use both formal and informal strategies., Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar quais noções de risco ambiental constroem os diferentes atores em relação às tecnologias emergentes e examinar como essas noções são utilizadas nas estratégias de ação de coalizões que se confrontam em conflitos ambientais. Para isso, realizamos um estudo comparativo de casos: a recuperação térmica de resíduos na Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires e o fracking na província de Mendoza. Encontramos resultados comparativos que mostram coalizões que promovem e prejudicam as tecnologias, e observamos evidências que nos permitem argumentar que as coalizões são compostas por diferentes atores fixos, enquanto algumos oscilam entre uma coalizão e outra. Da mesma forma, tanto as coalizões que são detratores das tecnologias emergentes, quanto as que as promovem, são coalizões do tipo Estado-sociedade. Ambos têm uma visão mínima do problema diferente: os detratores percebem um alto risco ambiental, potencial dependência de tecnologias, violação de direitos sociais e percebem capacidades institucionais limitadas para lidar com essas questões. Os promotores têm uma baixa percepção de risco, com base na possibilidade de abordar o tema com “boas práticas” e “tecnologias limpas”, considerando uma elevada recompensa em termos económicos e “modernização e progresso”. Em termos de ações, ambas as coalizões usam estratégias formais e informais., Este artículo estudia qué nociones de riesgo ambiental construyen los distintos actores sobre tecnologías emergentes y examina cómo se utilizan dichas nociones en las estrategias de acción en coaliciones que se enfrentan en conflictos ambientales. Para ello, realizamos un estudio comparativo de dos casos: la termo-valorización de residuos en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y la fractura hidráulica en la provincia de Mendoza. Entre los resultados, hallamos coaliciones promotoras y detractoras de las tecnologías, a la vez que observamos evidencia que permite sostener que las coaliciones están integradas por actores fijos, a la vez que otros oscilan entre unas y otras coaliciones. Asimismo, tanto las coaliciones detractoras de las tecnologías emergentes como las promotoras son coaliciones de tipo Estado-sociedad. Ambas cuentan con una visión mínima del problema diferente: las detractoras perciben un alto riesgo ambiental, potencial dependencia respecto de las tecnologías, vulneración de derechos sociales, y perciben también capacidades institucionales acotadas para atender a estas cuestiones. Las promotoras tienen una baja percepción del riesgo, en función de la posibilidad de atender la cuestión con “buenas prácticas” y “tecnologías limpias”, considerando una alta recompensa en términos económicos y de “modernización y progreso”. En cuanto a las acciones, ambas coaliciones utilizan tanto estrategias formales como informales.

This thesis investigates, if the exposure to conflict impacts the level of morbidity attributed to environmental risks, while addressing a gap in understanding the triple nexus between conflict, environmental hazards, and public health. Utilizing a subset of the Global Burden of Disease Study dataset, the variation of the rate of disability-adjusted life years (DALY) attributable to unsafe access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) due to conflict is examined. The findings of the country-fixed effects model – using a sample of Sub-Saharan African countries – reveal that the intensity of conflict significantly increases the rate of DALY, indicating a greater negative public health outcome in line with the hypothesis. The choice of the conflict threshold does significantly impact the results, emphasizing the importance of a robust definition of conflict. Controlling for foreign aid attributed to health and the density of health workers, the negative health outcomes associated with conflict are mitigated, suggesting that adequate healthcare provision can mitigate the impacts of conflict on public health. Overall, this thesis contributes to the understanding of the triple nexus, highlighting the need for more research and policy measures to address the long-term health impacts of conflict.

The international RAIA Observatory serves the main maritime activities of the NW Iberian coastal upwelling system. Over the last few years, the partners of the observatory have identified at least 12 key environmental risks that can potentially affect the ecosystem services of this coastal area. In order to evaluate these risks, different environmental indicators are used, which are developed and optimized according to the specifications provided by international environmental agencies. A Window to the Sea is the publicly-accessible web-service created to present and share the results from this evaluation. So far, current results have allowed to establish risk assessment protocols for the coastal region, and identify critical observational gaps. The web-is user-friendly with the intention to achieve as many end-users as possible, not only from academia, but also from other governmental institutions, fisheries, enterprises and the general public., Peer Reviewed

In recent years, microplastics (MPs), an emerging pollutant in groundwater, have raised public health concerns due to their long persistence and potential ecotoxicity. This review discusses on the occurrence, fate, and transport of MPs in groundwater, along with their sampling, detection, size range, types, and potential sources and pathways of contamination. Public health risks associated with exposure to MPs, primarily through daily consumption of contaminated water, have been reviewed. This study recorded a total of 13 studies that evaluated MPs in groundwater; samples were mostly collected from open wells and other types of drilling. It recorded MP concentrations varied from 0.1 to 6832 particles/L. The most frequent polymer types reported in groundwater were polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (PA), and polystyrene (PS). Our analysis of existing literature found that studies on MPs in groundwater have mainly been conducted in coastal areas, particularly Europe and North America. However, there is still a need for more research in other geographical regions, such as Asia, Africa, and South America, to examine a broader range of groundwater aquifer systems. The existing literature has challenges in comparing research findings due to heterogeneity in sample collection and processing protocols. This review recommended more research to examine a larger variety of groundwater aquifer systems, such as drinking water collecting wells near urban, agricultural, industrial, and coastal locations, to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the extent and sources of MP contamination in groundwater and the associated public health risks. Lastly, this paper concluded with the potential human intake of MPs and health risk assessment perspectives for future directions., QC 20230817

Metalloids (especially Ge, As, Sb, and Te) are toxic elements that can geographically be abundant on the earth's crust. Generally, metalloids leach from the geologic materials such as rock, atmospheric dust, minerals, and geologic process such as earthquake and volcano eruptions which input the metalloids to soil and water over the permeable level and, thus, increases the bioaccumulation of them into the plants and aquatic organisms. Consumption of fish and vegetables with contaminants has a negative impact on both human and animal health. Medical geology can perform a significant role in helping to maintain the environment's safety by detecting the amounts, forms, and sources of metalloids. Therefore, the current chapter comprehensively explores the existing knowledge on the (i) role of natural geologic materials and processes on releasing metalloids to the environment, (ii) their potential paths of them to the environment and their bioaccumulation, (iii) human and veterinary health effects of metalloids on medical geology, and (iv) the risk management strategies to reduce the bioavailable fraction of metalloids in the environment., Part of ISBN 9781119867371 9781119867340QC 20230725

Surface sediment samples obtained from 46 sites of the Unete River in Casanare (Colombia) were analyzed to evaluate the concentrations of the heavy metals As, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn as well as to determine their geographic spatial distribution and potential ecological risk. The measured concentrations were compared with the background values (BV), threshold effect concentration (TEC) and probable effect concentration (PEC) from consensus-based Sediment quality criteria guidelines (SQGs) for heavy metals in freshwater ecosystems in order to determine the level of concern of the contaminant concentrations. Based on these results and on the indices of determined potential ecological risk, As and Pb were shown to be the heavy metal contaminants of most concern in surface sediments. The possible sources causing the concerning concentrations were then discussed., Se analizaron muestras de sedimentos superficiales obtenidas de 46 puntos del río Unete en Casanare (Colombia) para evaluar las concentraciones de los metales pesados As, Cu, Ni, Pb y Zn, y determinar su distribución espacial y el riesgo ecológico potencial. Las concentraciones medidas se compararon con los valores de fondo, la concentración de efecto umbral (CEU) y la concentración de efecto probable (CEP) definidos en las directrices de criterios de calidad de sedimentos (DCS) para metales pesados en ecosistemas de agua dulce, para indicar el nivel de preocupación de las concentraciones de contaminantes. Con base en estos resultados y los índices de riesgo ecológico potencial determinados, el As y el Pb fueron los metales pesados contaminantes presentes de mayor preocupación en los sedimentos superficiales. Finalmente, se sugirieron las posibles fuentes causantes de las concentraciones preocupantes.

The combustion of vinyl chloride (VC) after the train derailment accident in Ohio, USA in February, 2023 has caused widespread concern around the world. This paper tried to analyze several issues concerning the accident, including the appropriateness of the VC combustion in the emergency response in this accident, the meanings of so-called "controlled combustion", the potential environmental risks caused by VC and combustion by-products, and follow-up work. In our view, this accident had surely caused environmental and health risks to some extent. Hence, a comprehensive environmental risk assessment is necessary, and then the site with risk should be comprehensively remediated, hazardous waste should be harmlessly treated as soon as possible. Finally, this accident suggests that further efforts should be taken to bridge the gap between chemical safety management and their environmental risk management.

What mitigating and anticipatory measures of environmental risk can be adapted based on the current instruments and regulations to manage the proper management of the migratory process to conserve the Biodiversity of the Colombian Darién Gap? The main focus of this study is to explore the responsibility of the Colombian government for the environmental effects created by temporary migrants in the Darien Gap region between 2020 and 2022. This will include examining the issues related to ecosystem degradation resulting from improper waste and effluent management and their potential impacts. During this period, it is estimated that around 150,000 people crossed the Colombia-Panama border each year due to a range of social, economic, and environmental factors, according to various government entities in Panama. In order to preserve biodiversity, it is crucial to manage the migratory process effectively. To this end, the proposal of a migratory corridor is suggested to minimize the impact on the ecosystem and improve the conditions for migrants. Both the involvement of internal environmental authorities and political will of the border states are required to develop bilateral agreements for the implementation of the proposals, based on legal instruments presented in this study., ¿Qué medidas mitigatorias y anticipatorias del riesgo ambiental pueden adaptarse a partir de los instrumentos y la normatividad vigente para gestionar el manejo adecuado del proceso migratorio a fin de conservar la Biodiversidad del Tapón del Darién Colombiano? La presente investigación se enfocará en la responsabilidad del Estado Colombiano respecto de los impactos ambientales que generan los migrantes transitorios en el Tapón del Darién en el periodo comprendido en los años 2020 a 2022; lo anterior, teniendo en cuenta la problemática existente asociada a la degradación del ecosistema, resultado del manejo inadecuado de los residuos, los vertimientos y sus posibles afectaciones. Es importante mencionar, que para este periodo de tiempo (2020-2022), en promedio cruzaron la frontera entre Colombia y Panamá 150.000 personas anualmente por diferentes conflictos sociales, económicos o ambientales, como es calculado por diversas entidades gubernamentales del estado panameño. Conforme con lo planteado anteriormente, es de suma importancia gestionar el manejo adecuado del proceso migratorio a fin de conservar la Biodiversidad; por lo que se propone un corredor migratorio que disminuya los impactos al ecosistema, y así mismo, mejoren las condiciones humanas de los migrantes. Para realizar esta acción, no solo se necesita la actuación de las Autoridades Ambientales internas, sino que se necesitan voluntades políticas de los estados fronterizos tal que se generen acuerdos bilaterales para implementar lo planteado a partir de los instrumentos jurídicos que se presentarán en la presente investigación.

What mitigating and anticipatory measures of environmental risk can be adapted based on the current instruments and regulations to manage the proper management of the migratory process to conserve the Biodiversity of the Colombian Darién Gap? The main focus of this study is to explore the responsibility of the Colombian government for the environmental effects created by temporary migrants in the Darien Gap region between 2020 and 2022. This will include examining the issues related to ecosystem degradation resulting from improper waste and effluent management and their potential impacts. During this period, it is estimated that around 150,000 people crossed the Colombia-Panama border each year due to a range of social, economic, and environmental factors, according to various government entities in Panama. In order to preserve biodiversity, it is crucial to manage the migratory process effectively. To this end, the proposal of a migratory corridor is suggested to minimize the impact on the ecosystem and improve the conditions for migrants. Both the involvement of internal environmental authorities and political will of the border states are required to develop bilateral agreements for the implementation of the proposals, based on legal instruments presented in this study., ¿Qué medidas mitigatorias y anticipatorias del riesgo ambiental pueden adaptarse a partir de los instrumentos y la normatividad vigente para gestionar el manejo adecuado del proceso migratorio a fin de conservar la Biodiversidad del Tapón del Darién Colombiano? La presente investigación se enfocará en la responsabilidad del Estado Colombiano respecto de los impactos ambientales que generan los migrantes transitorios en el Tapón del Darién en el periodo comprendido en los años 2020 a 2022; lo anterior, teniendo en cuenta la problemática existente asociada a la degradación del ecosistema, resultado del manejo inadecuado de los residuos, los vertimientos y sus posibles afectaciones. Es importante mencionar, que para este periodo de tiempo (2020-2022), en promedio cruzaron la frontera entre Colombia y Panamá 150.000 personas anualmente por diferentes conflictos sociales, económicos o ambientales, como es calculado por diversas entidades gubernamentales del estado panameño. Conforme con lo planteado anteriormente, es de suma importancia gestionar el manejo adecuado del proceso migratorio a fin de conservar la Biodiversidad; por lo que se propone un corredor migratorio que disminuya los impactos al ecosistema, y así mismo, mejoren las condiciones humanas de los migrantes. Para realizar esta acción, no solo se necesita la actuación de las Autoridades Ambientales internas, sino que se necesitan voluntades políticas de los estados fronterizos tal que se generen acuerdos bilaterales para implementar lo planteado a partir de los instrumentos jurídicos que se presentarán en la presente investigación.

The international RAIA Observatory serves the main maritime activities of the NW Iberian coastal upwelling system. Over the last few years, the partners of the observatory have identified at least 12 key environmental risks that can potentially affect the ecosystem services of this coastal area. In order to evaluate these risks, different environmental indicators are used, which are developed and optimized according to the specifications provided by international environmental agencies. A Window to the Sea is the publicly-accessible web-service created to present and share the results from this evaluation. So far, current results have allowed to establish risk assessment protocols for the coastal region, and identify critical observational gaps. The web-is user-friendly with the intention to achieve as many end-users as possible, not only from academia, but also from other governmental institutions, fisheries, enterprises and the general public

Evidence of the increase of emerging contaminants in the environment due to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as personal protective equipment (PPE), disinfectants, pharmaceuticals, etc., has enlarged. Here we explain the variety of pathways of these emerging contaminants to enter the environment, including wastewater treatment plants, improper disposal of PPE, and runoff from surfaces treated with disinfectants. We also discuss the current state-of-art of the toxicological implications of these emerging contaminants. Initial research suggests that they may have harmful effects on aquatic organisms and human health. Future directions are suggested as further research is needed to fully understand the impacts of these contaminants on the environment and humans, as well as to develop effective approaches to mitigate their potential negative effects.

This thesis investigates, if the exposure to conflict impacts the level of morbidity attributed to environmental risks, while addressing a gap in understanding the triple nexus between conflict, environmental hazards, and public health. Utilizing a subset of the Global Burden of Disease Study dataset, the variation of the rate of disability-adjusted life years (DALY) attributable to unsafe access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) due to conflict is examined. The findings of the country-fixed effects model – using a sample of Sub-Saharan African countries – reveal that the intensity of conflict significantly increases the rate of DALY, indicating a greater negative public health outcome in line with the hypothesis. The choice of the conflict threshold does significantly impact the results, emphasizing the importance of a robust definition of conflict. Controlling for foreign aid attributed to health and the density of health workers, the negative health outcomes associated with conflict are mitigated, suggesting that adequate healthcare provision can mitigate the impacts of conflict on public health. Overall, this thesis contributes to the understanding of the triple nexus, highlighting the need for more research and policy measures to address the long-term health impacts of conflict.

Surface sediment samples obtained from 46 sites of the Unete River in Casanare (Colombia) were analyzed to evaluate the concentrations of the heavy metals As, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn as well as to determine their geographic spatial distribution and potential ecological risk. The measured concentrations were compared with the background values (BV), threshold effect concentration (TEC) and probable effect concentration (PEC) from consensus-based Sediment quality criteria guidelines (SQGs) for heavy metals in freshwater ecosystems in order to determine the level of concern of the contaminant concentrations. Based on these results and on the indices of determined potential ecological risk, As and Pb were shown to be the heavy metal contaminants of most concern in surface sediments. The possible sources causing the concerning concentrations were then discussed., Se analizaron muestras de sedimentos superficiales obtenidas de 46 puntos del río Unete en Casanare (Colombia) para evaluar las concentraciones de los metales pesados As, Cu, Ni, Pb y Zn, y determinar su distribución espacial y el riesgo ecológico potencial. Las concentraciones medidas se compararon con los valores de fondo, la concentración de efecto umbral (CEU) y la concentración de efecto probable (CEP) definidos en las directrices de criterios de calidad de sedimentos (DCS) para metales pesados en ecosistemas de agua dulce, para indicar el nivel de preocupación de las concentraciones de contaminantes. Con base en estos resultados y los índices de riesgo ecológico potencial determinados, el As y el Pb fueron los metales pesados contaminantes presentes de mayor preocupación en los sedimentos superficiales. Finalmente, se sugirieron las posibles fuentes causantes de las concentraciones preocupantes.

The main objective of this study was to estimate the environmental and health risk of the Šar Mountains (Kosovo) for depleted uranium contamination. The risk assessment of the contamination is needed since, in the spring of 1999, conflict with bombarding took place in the territory of the Western Balkans, during which depleted uranium ammunition was used. In Serbia and Montenegro, such tests were performed; based on them, some territories were decontaminated. Šar Mountains is particularly important as it is one of the few water-rich areas in Kosovo. Therefore, soil and water samples were taken from characteristic places in the Šar Mountains aquatorium. Tests of the samples were performed under well-controlled conditions. The measurement uncertainty was less than 5%. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that there was no contamination of the Šar Mountains with depleted uranium. This conclusion can be extended to the broader area around the Šar Mountains, as it is a safe area surrounded by high mountains.

Testing whether two spatial point processes have the same spatial distribution is an important task that can be addressed from different perspectives. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with asymptotic calibration and a Cramer von Mises type test with bootstrap calibration have recently been developed to compare the first-order intensity of two observed patterns. Motivated by common practice in epidemiological studies, we introduce a regression test based on the relative risk function with two alternative bootstrap calibrations. This paper compares the performance of these nonparametric tests through both an intensive simulation study, and the application to wildfire and crime data. The three tests provide good calibrations of the null hypothesis for simulated Poisson and non-Poisson spatial point processes, but the Cramer von Mises and regression tests outperform the cost-efficient Kolmogorov-Smirnov test in terms of power. In the real data analysis we have seen that the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test does not detect differences between spatial point patterns when dealing with sparse data. In view of these results, it would be preferable using the Cramer von Mises or regression tests despite their higher computational demand

In the expansion of offshore sustainable energy systems, there is growing pressure on the environment and permit processes and the accumulation results in much higher total risk for accidents of future assets. Anticipating the problems at the design stage and improving verification is likely to increase energy development and reduce costs. This thesis explores offshore DST (Decision Support Tools) and risk verification of subsea cable assets.For subsea cables, a statistical method is proposed utilizing measurement data together with shipping traffic data (AIS) to estimate the environmental risk and risk of accidents of installed cable assets. This should partially solve issues of improving design using more data and surveys and utilizing mechanical and sensor-specific characteristics to improve the confidence and burial estimation, contrary to today’s methodology. The implication of the two studies of cable burial risk assessment techniques and verification shows how a developed methodology can solve issues for verifying the integrity of an installed asset. Putting our methodology into practice involves many challenges. For the marine Decision Support Tool (DST) and sustainable energy development, to estimate potential savings if permit processes would be shorter and less burdensome without degrading the quality of the EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment). A method is proposed to model various scenarios of effective savings from the development of a DST to reduce costs spent on EIA permitting by the offshore energy developers. The study of the implication of the marine EIA DST shows a quantifiable estimate of the savings potential for permit processes for sustainable offshore development, and results indicate a need for optimization of DST development, which can be an essential factor in its implementation and success.

In the expansion of offshore sustainable energy systems, there is growing pressure on the environment and permit processes and the accumulation results in much higher total risk for accidents of future assets. Anticipating the problems at the design stage and improving verification is likely to increase energy development and reduce costs. This thesis explores offshore DST (Decision Support Tools) and risk verification of subsea cable assets.For subsea cables, a statistical method is proposed utilizing measurement data together with shipping traffic data (AIS) to estimate the environmental risk and risk of accidents of installed cable assets. This should partially solve issues of improving design using more data and surveys and utilizing mechanical and sensor-specific characteristics to improve the confidence and burial estimation, contrary to today’s methodology. The implication of the two studies of cable burial risk assessment techniques and verification shows how a developed methodology can solve issues for verifying the integrity of an installed asset. Putting our methodology into practice involves many challenges. For the marine Decision Support Tool (DST) and sustainable energy development, to estimate potential savings if permit processes would be shorter and less burdensome without degrading the quality of the EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment). A method is proposed to model various scenarios of effective savings from the development of a DST to reduce costs spent on EIA permitting by the offshore energy developers. The study of the implication of the marine EIA DST shows a quantifiable estimate of the savings potential for permit processes for sustainable offshore development, and results indicate a need for optimization of DST development, which can be an essential factor in its implementation and success.

The combustion of vinyl chloride (VC) after the train derailment accident in Ohio, USA in February, 2023 has caused widespread concern around the world. This paper tried to analyze several issues concerning the accident, including the appropriateness of the VC combustion in the emergency response in this accident, the meanings of so-called “controlled combustion”, the potential environmental risks caused by VC and combustion by-products, and follow-up work. In our view, this accident had surely caused environmental and health risks to some extent. Hence, a comprehensive environmental risk assessment is necessary, and then the site with risk should be comprehensively remediated, hazardous waste should be harmlessly treated as soon as possible. Finally, this accident suggests that further efforts should be taken to bridge the gap between chemical safety management and their environmental risk management.

In the expansion of offshore sustainable energy systems, there is growing pressure on the environment and permit processes and the accumulation results in much higher total risk for accidents of future assets. Anticipating the problems at the design stage and improving verification is likely to increase energy development and reduce costs. This thesis explores offshore DST (Decision Support Tools) and risk verification of subsea cable assets.For subsea cables, a statistical method is proposed utilizing measurement data together with shipping traffic data (AIS) to estimate the environmental risk and risk of accidents of installed cable assets. This should partially solve issues of improving design using more data and surveys and utilizing mechanical and sensor-specific characteristics to improve the confidence and burial estimation, contrary to today’s methodology. The implication of the two studies of cable burial risk assessment techniques and verification shows how a developed methodology can solve issues for verifying the integrity of an installed asset. Putting our methodology into practice involves many challenges. For the marine Decision Support Tool (DST) and sustainable energy development, to estimate potential savings if permit processes would be shorter and less burdensome without degrading the quality of the EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment). A method is proposed to model various scenarios of effective savings from the development of a DST to reduce costs spent on EIA permitting by the offshore energy developers. The study of the implication of the marine EIA DST shows a quantifiable estimate of the savings potential for permit processes for sustainable offshore development, and results indicate a need for optimization of DST development, which can be an essential factor in its implementation and success.

In the expansion of offshore sustainable energy systems, there is growing pressure on the environment and permit processes and the accumulation results in much higher total risk for accidents of future assets. Anticipating the problems at the design stage and improving verification is likely to increase energy development and reduce costs. This thesis explores offshore DST (Decision Support Tools) and risk verification of subsea cable assets.For subsea cables, a statistical method is proposed utilizing measurement data together with shipping traffic data (AIS) to estimate the environmental risk and risk of accidents of installed cable assets. This should partially solve issues of improving design using more data and surveys and utilizing mechanical and sensor-specific characteristics to improve the confidence and burial estimation, contrary to today’s methodology. The implication of the two studies of cable burial risk assessment techniques and verification shows how a developed methodology can solve issues for verifying the integrity of an installed asset. Putting our methodology into practice involves many challenges. For the marine Decision Support Tool (DST) and sustainable energy development, to estimate potential savings if permit processes would be shorter and less burdensome without degrading the quality of the EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment). A method is proposed to model various scenarios of effective savings from the development of a DST to reduce costs spent on EIA permitting by the offshore energy developers. The study of the implication of the marine EIA DST shows a quantifiable estimate of the savings potential for permit processes for sustainable offshore development, and results indicate a need for optimization of DST development, which can be an essential factor in its implementation and success.

In the expansion of offshore sustainable energy systems, there is growing pressure on the environment and permit processes and the accumulation results in much higher total risk for accidents of future assets. Anticipating the problems at the design stage and improving verification is likely to increase energy development and reduce costs. This thesis explores offshore DST (Decision Support Tools) and risk verification of subsea cable assets.For subsea cables, a statistical method is proposed utilizing measurement data together with shipping traffic data (AIS) to estimate the environmental risk and risk of accidents of installed cable assets. This should partially solve issues of improving design using more data and surveys and utilizing mechanical and sensor-specific characteristics to improve the confidence and burial estimation, contrary to today’s methodology. The implication of the two studies of cable burial risk assessment techniques and verification shows how a developed methodology can solve issues for verifying the integrity of an installed asset. Putting our methodology into practice involves many challenges. For the marine Decision Support Tool (DST) and sustainable energy development, to estimate potential savings if permit processes would be shorter and less burdensome without degrading the quality of the EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment). A method is proposed to model various scenarios of effective savings from the development of a DST to reduce costs spent on EIA permitting by the offshore energy developers. The study of the implication of the marine EIA DST shows a quantifiable estimate of the savings potential for permit processes for sustainable offshore development, and results indicate a need for optimization of DST development, which can be an essential factor in its implementation and success.

In the expansion of offshore sustainable energy systems, there is growing pressure on the environment and permit processes and the accumulation results in much higher total risk for accidents of future assets. Anticipating the problems at the design stage and improving verification is likely to increase energy development and reduce costs. This thesis explores offshore DST (Decision Support Tools) and risk verification of subsea cable assets.For subsea cables, a statistical method is proposed utilizing measurement data together with shipping traffic data (AIS) to estimate the environmental risk and risk of accidents of installed cable assets. This should partially solve issues of improving design using more data and surveys and utilizing mechanical and sensor-specific characteristics to improve the confidence and burial estimation, contrary to today’s methodology. The implication of the two studies of cable burial risk assessment techniques and verification shows how a developed methodology can solve issues for verifying the integrity of an installed asset. Putting our methodology into practice involves many challenges. For the marine Decision Support Tool (DST) and sustainable energy development, to estimate potential savings if permit processes would be shorter and less burdensome without degrading the quality of the EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment). A method is proposed to model various scenarios of effective savings from the development of a DST to reduce costs spent on EIA permitting by the offshore energy developers. The study of the implication of the marine EIA DST shows a quantifiable estimate of the savings potential for permit processes for sustainable offshore development, and results indicate a need for optimization of DST development, which can be an essential factor in its implementation and success.

Worldwide, the number of pet dogs increases yearly, and as a result so does the use of veterinary medicines for flea and tick control. We investigated the potential transfer of veterinary flea products from dogs to the environment in a ‘proof of principle’ experiment. For this purpose, samples of hair, urine, and water after swimming were investigated. Nine dogs were recruited for this study, eight of which had been recently treated with an ectoparasiticide product. Hair and urine samples were tested for afoxalaner, fluralaner, fipronil and imidacloprid. Interestingly, contamination with ectoparasiticides was frequently demonstrated in samples from dogs untreated with these particular substances, suggesting widespread secondary transfer. In addition, hair retrieved from a bird's nest contained fipronil, fluralaner and imidacloprid, indicating a potential pathway for the exposure of juvenile birds. Three of the dogs also participated in a swimming experiment. One had been treated with oral fluralaner, whilst the remaining two had received other compounds not included in our study. However, in all three dogs, both fluralaner and imidacloprid were detected in hair samples. Fluralaner concentrations in the swimming water exceeded Dutch water quality standards, indicating a potential risk to the aquatic environment. Imidacloprid levels increased after each swimming dog, but did not breach Dutch water quality standard levels. These findings all call for improvements in the current risk assessment and management for veterinary medicines, by including companion animals and their exposure pathways into ecosystems.

This article explores the concept of 'environmental risk' within the context of the sanitation policy of the Matanza-Riachuelo basin and its role in guiding relocations. Specifically, I look into how this category dialogues with the real-life experiences of residents who previously inhabited the areas alongside the streams in Almirante Brown territory and have recently undergone relocation. Experiences of living by the stream align with the definition of 'environmental risk' provided by the Matanza-Riachuelo Basin Authority, yet extend beyond its boundaries. Living by the stream involves both suffering and enjoyment, a desire for relocation to escape the risk of flooding. It also encompasses the acknowledgment of inhabiting a territory self-produced by the residents themselves, which is sad to leave behind left behind. The information and narratives presented in this article derive from fieldwork conducted in the municipality since 2019, involving participant observation during territorial interventions and conducting interviews., Neste artigo, pretendo colocar em diálogo o “risco ambiental”, como categoria ordenadora das relocações no marco da política de saneamento da bacia dos rios Matanza-Riachuelo, com as vivências dos vizinhos que viviam próximos aos córregos do território do município de Almirante Brown e foram recentemente realocados. A princípio, as experiências de morar próximo aos córregos coincidem com o que Autoridade dos rios da Bacia Matanza-Riachuelo define como “risco ambiental”, mas vão além dessa definição. A vida à beira do rio envolve sofrimento e alegria, o desejo de se mudar para não viver mais alagamentos e o reconhecimento de habitar um território autoproduzido que, infelizmente, fica para trás. As informações e as histórias que aqui apresento decorrem do trabalho de campo que venho desenvolvendo no referido município desde 2019, que consiste na observação participante em instâncias de intervenção territorial e na realização de entrevistas., En este artículo me propongo poner en diálogo al “riesgo ambiental”, como categoría ordenadora de las relocalizaciones en el marco de la política de saneamiento de la cuenca Matanza-Riachuelo, con las experiencias del habitar de los vecinos/as que vivían junto a los arroyos en el partido de Almirante Brown y que han sido recientemente relocalizados. En principio, las experiencias del habitar junto al arroyo coinciden con lo que la Autoridad de la Cuenca Matanza Riachuelo define como “riesgo ambiental”, a la vez que desbordan esta definición. La vida junto al arroyo involucra padecimiento y disfrute, el deseo de relocalizarse para no inundarse más y el reconocimiento de habitar un territorio autoproducido que se deja con tristeza. La información y los relatos que aquí presento surgen de un trabajo de campo que vengo desarrollando en dicho municipio desde el año 2019, que consiste en la observación participante en instancias de intervención territorial y en la realización de entrevistas.

This article studies what notions of environmental risk build different actors on emerging technologies and examines how these notions of risk are used in action strategies by coalitions that face environmental conflicts. We carried out a comparative study of two cases: the thermo-recovery of waste in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and the hydraulic fracture in the province of Mendoza. The results show coalitions that promote and attempt against technologies, and that some of them are made up of different fixed actors, while others oscillate between coalitions. Furthermore, both the detractors of emerging technologies and their promotors are State-society coalitions. Both have a specific and minimal vision of the problem: the detractors perceive high environmental risk, potential dependence on technologies, violation of social rights and limited institutional capacities to address these issues. Promotors have a low perception of risk, based on the possibility of addressing the issue with “good practices” and “clean technologies”, and considering a high benefit of an economic nature and of “modernization and progress”. In terms of actions, both coalitions use both formal and informal strategies., Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar quais noções de risco ambiental constroem os diferentes atores em relação às tecnologias emergentes e examinar como essas noções são utilizadas nas estratégias de ação de coalizões que se confrontam em conflitos ambientais. Para isso, realizamos um estudo comparativo de casos: a recuperação térmica de resíduos na Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires e o fracking na província de Mendoza. Encontramos resultados comparativos que mostram coalizões que promovem e prejudicam as tecnologias, e observamos evidências que nos permitem argumentar que as coalizões são compostas por diferentes atores fixos, enquanto algumos oscilam entre uma coalizão e outra. Da mesma forma, tanto as coalizões que são detratores das tecnologias emergentes, quanto as que as promovem, são coalizões do tipo Estado-sociedade. Ambos têm uma visão mínima do problema diferente: os detratores percebem um alto risco ambiental, potencial dependência de tecnologias, violação de direitos sociais e percebem capacidades institucionais limitadas para lidar com essas questões. Os promotores têm uma baixa percepção de risco, com base na possibilidade de abordar o tema com “boas práticas” e “tecnologias limpas”, considerando uma elevada recompensa em termos económicos e “modernização e progresso”. Em termos de ações, ambas as coalizões usam estratégias formais e informais., Este artículo estudia qué nociones de riesgo ambiental construyen los distintos actores sobre tecnologías emergentes y examina cómo se utilizan dichas nociones en las estrategias de acción en coaliciones que se enfrentan en conflictos ambientales. Para ello, realizamos un estudio comparativo de dos casos: la termo-valorización de residuos en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y la fractura hidráulica en la provincia de Mendoza. Entre los resultados, hallamos coaliciones promotoras y detractoras de las tecnologías, a la vez que observamos evidencia que permite sostener que las coaliciones están integradas por actores fijos, a la vez que otros oscilan entre unas y otras coaliciones. Asimismo, tanto las coaliciones detractoras de las tecnologías emergentes como las promotoras son coaliciones de tipo Estado-sociedad. Ambas cuentan con una visión mínima del problema diferente: las detractoras perciben un alto riesgo ambiental, potencial dependencia respecto de las tecnologías, vulneración de derechos sociales, y perciben también capacidades institucionales acotadas para atender a estas cuestiones. Las promotoras tienen una baja percepción del riesgo, en función de la posibilidad de atender la cuestión con “buenas prácticas” y “tecnologías limpias”, considerando una alta recompensa en términos económicos y de “modernización y progreso”. En cuanto a las acciones, ambas coaliciones utilizan tanto estrategias formales como informales.

Testing whether two spatial point processes have the same spatial distribution is an important task that can be addressed from different perspectives. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with asymptotic calibration and a Cramer von Mises type test with bootstrap calibration have recently been developed to compare the first-order intensity of two observed patterns. Motivated by common practice in epidemiological studies, we introduce a regression test based on the relative risk function with two alternative bootstrap calibrations. This paper compares the performance of these nonparametric tests through both an intensive simulation study, and the application to wildfire and crime data. The three tests provide good calibrations of the null hypothesis for simulated Poisson and non-Poisson spatial point processes, but the Cramer von Mises and regression tests outperform the costefficient Kolmogorov-Smirnov test in terms of power. In the real data analysis we have seen that the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test does not detect differences between spatial point patterns when dealing with sparse data. In view of these results, it would be preferable using the Cramer von Mises or regression tests despite their higher computational demand.

Developing safe and sustainable nanomaterials-based solutions to current global challenges including clean energy, sustainable food production and water security requires access to high quality data and appropriate analysis and modelling approaches. Achieving these challenges requires increased re-use of research data to accelerate progress and support development of new materials that are safe and sustainable for energy capture and storage, nano-agriculture and environmental remediation. The principles of Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability (FAIR) provide a roadmap to enhanced data sharing and re-use, but require consensus within the nanosafety community on metadata, ontologies and persistent identifiers (among other things) and guidance to support implementation and achieve machine-readability. Here, we highlight the main focus of the AdvancedNano GO FAIR Implementation Network in supporting the nanosafety community with implementation of FAIR to maximize data-driven safe and sustainable application of nano- and advanced materials. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

Context: The intensifying utilization of glyphosate has provoked global scientific concern due to the potential large-scale impact on ecosystems. In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reclassified glyphosate and its degradation byproduct, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), as Category 2A, indicating probable human carcinogenicity. Knowledge Gap: A review of the existing literature reveals a relative scarcity of information on the aquatic impact of glyphosate and its degradation products. Purpose: To determine the scope and implications of the impact of glyphosate and its degradation products on aquatic ecosystems, in order to better understand their ecotoxicological effects and provide a foundation for future research and policy decisions in this area. Methodology: A systematic review of ecotoxicological studies published in Spanish and English over the last 12 years was conducted to assess the effects of glyphosate and its degradation products on aquatic ecosystems and the risks to various species. Approximately 95 documents were reviewed, including data from 69, addressing toxicity, biodegradation, contamination, and international regulations. Results: Studies have shown that chronic exposure to glyphosate can alter the metabolism in fish and affect the life cycle of organisms such as Daphnia Magna. The composition of glyphosate, along with its adjuvants, can increase its toxicity and pose risks to the aquatic ecosystem, making it crucial to understand the specific formulations and their concentrations. Conclusions: The increased use of glyphosate raised global scientific concerns due to its potential impact on ecosystems, with the IARC classifying it as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Studies showed acute toxicity to aquatic organisms and highlighted the need for risk assessment methodologies for long-term impacts on ecosystems and human., Contextualización: la creciente utilización de glifosato ha generado preocupación científica a nivel global debido a su potencial impacto a gran escala en los ecosistemas. En 2015, la Agencia Internacional de Investigación sobre el Cáncer (IARC) reclasificó el glifosato y su producto de degradación, el ácido aminometilfosfónico (AMPA), como Categoría 2A, indicando probable carcinogenicidad en humanos. Vacío de conocimiento: una revisión de la literatura existente revela una relativa escasez de información sobre el impacto acuático del glifosato y sus productos de degradación. Propósito: determinar el alcance y las implicaciones del impacto del glifosato y sus productos de degradación en ecosistemas acuáticos, a fin de comprender mejor sus efectos ecotoxicológicos y proporcionar una base para futuras investigaciones y decisiones políticas en esta área. Metodología: se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios ecotoxicológicos en español e inglés publicados en los últimos 12 años para evaluar los efectos del glifosato y sus productos de degradación en ecosistemas acuáticos y los riesgos para diversas especies. Se revisaron aproximadamente 95 documentos, incluyendo información de 69, abordando toxicidad, biodegradación, contaminación y regulaciones internacionales. Resultados: estudios han demostrado que la exposición crónica a glifosato puede alterar el metabolismo en peces y afectar el ciclo de vida de organismos como Daphnia Magna. La composición de glifosato, junto con sus coadyuvantes, puede incrementar su toxicidad y representar riesgos para el ecosistema acuático, siendo clave entender las formulaciones específicas y sus concentraciones. Conclusiones: el aumento en el uso del glifosato generó preocupaciones científicas a nivel mundial debido a su potencial impacto en los ecosistemas, con la IARC clasificándolo como posiblemente carcinogénico para los humanos. Los estudios mostraron toxicidad aguda en organismos acuáticos y resaltaron la necesidad de metodolog

Purpose: This study aims to analyze and assess 21 years of media coverage (2000–2020) of Flix, a small industrial village located in an rural area on north-eastern Spain, which has endured in these years a severe environmental and industrial crisis, with a strong potential for stigmatization of the place. Design/methodology/approach: The research is conceptualized under the Social Amplification of Risk Framework, a theoretical/conceptual approach aimed at accounting for the huge gaps that often arise between public perception of technological or environmental risks of some technologies, products and places and the expert estimations of these risks. The authors studied the coverage on Flix by a local, a regional and a national newspaper through a content analysis where the corpus (1,524 news pieces) was coded for several variables, including tone, genre and thematic area. Findings: The studied coverage was in general overwhelmingly negative and strongly focused on “bad news” relating to pollution and deindustrialization, although this was much less the case in the local newspaper than in the regional and, in particular, the national newspaper. Thus, a territorially escalated pattern clearly emerges from our research concerning the stigmatization potential of news media coverage for the specific case under scrutiny. Originality/value: To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time such a longitudinal study of media coverage and its potential for place stigmatization is performed with this specific territorial perspective.

Unsafe management practices and overuse of pesticides have led to environmental contamination and farmworkers poisoning. For this reason, the problem of pesticide exposure must be framed in the socio-cultural and environmental context of the affected communities, analyzing the factors that contribute to the greater risk of exposure of farmworkers and their families, in order to propose educational strategies and develop effective public health strategies. This study evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding local pesticides handling of farmworkers from Singuil town, Catamarca province, northwestern Argentina, and the possible impact of these behavioral patterns on Singuil River. Farmworkers from Singuil town participated through a cross-sectional, face-to-face survey. Subsequently, samples from Singuil River were taken for determination of pesticides residues. Approximately 83 % of those surveyed have worked with pesticides for more than 10 years. Although most workers prepare their pesticide formulations, 25 % of them never use any personal protective equipment, while the remaining 75 % usually use face masks and gloves to protect themselves. Post-spraying personal hygiene practices, such as changing clothes or showering, are often not applied. To reduce health risks, many respondents perform sprinkling at sunset (66.7 %) or early morning (50 %), and avoid it during windy and sunny weather. Besides, they usually burn (58.3 %) or stockpile (41.7 %) empty pesticide containers. In case of poisoning, 91.7 % of workers would go to hospital for medical attention. Glyphosate, mancozeb, and propamocarb are the most commonly used pesticides. Finally, no pesticide residues were detected in the water samples collected from Singuil River., Las prácticas inseguras de manipulación de plaguicidas y su uso excesivo han conducido a la contaminación ambiental y a la intoxicación de los trabajadores agrícolas. Por ello, la problemática de la exposición a plaguicidas debe enmarcarse en un contexto sociocultural y ambiental de las comunidades afectadas, analizando los factores que contribuyen al mayor riesgo de exposición de los trabajadores agrícolas y sus familias, con el fin de proponer estrategias educativas y desarrollar estrategias efectivas de salud pública. En este estudio se evaluaron los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre el manejo local de plaguicidas de trabajadores agrícolas de la localidad de Singuil, provincia de Catamarca, noroeste de Argentina, y el posible impacto de estos patrones de comportamiento en el río Singuil. Los trabajadores agrícolas de Singuil participaron a través de una encuesta desarrollada de manera personal. Posteriormente, se tomaron muestras del río Singuil para la determinación de residuos de plaguicidas. Aproximadamente, el 83 % de los encuestados ha trabajado con plaguicidas durante más de 10 años. Aunque la mayoría de los trabajadores prepara sus formulaciones de plaguicidas, el 25 % de ellos no usa ningún equipo de protección personal, mientras que el 75 % restante generalmente usa mascarillas y guantes para protegerse. Las prácticas de higiene personal posteriores a la pulverización, como cambiarse de ropa o ducharse, a menudo no se aplican. Para reducir los riesgos que estas prácticas ocasionan a la salud, muchos encuestados aplican los plaguicidas al atardecer (66.7 %) o temprano en la mañana (50 %), evitando realizarlo durante los días ventosos y soleados. Además, suelen quemar (58.3 %) o almacenar (41.7 %) los envases vacíos de plaguicidas. En caso de intoxicación, el 91.7 % de los trabajadores acudiría al hospital para recibir atención médica. El glifosato, mancozeb y propamocarb son los plaguicidas más utilizados. Finalmente, no se detectaron residuos de

The surface sediments sampled from forty sampling sites in the Boka Kotorska Bay, starting from October 2005 to December 2019, were analysed for the content of ten heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe). Five complex indices (pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (RI), mean ERM quotient (MERMQ), toxic risk index (TRI), contamination severity index (CSI)) were determined for each site in the study period (2005, 2007, 2013, 2019), and statistically examined by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). In the semi-enclosed Bay, which consists of four smaller bays (Kotor, Risan, Tivat, Herceg Novi bays), a spatio-temporal comparison of sediment quality was carried out using PCA and CA analysis of the considered pollution indices. Statistical results revealed that the increased environmental risk in 2005 was observed in the bay of Kotor; in 2007 was in the bay of Tivat and Risan; in 2013 in the bay of Kotor and Tivat; and in 2019 was in the bay of Tivat, particularly at the shipyard site Bijela. The PCA and CA analysis highlighted that the sediment contamination in Kotor bay decreased from 2005 to 2019, while at the same time increased in Tivat bay, which is an indication of pollution due to urbanization and population growth in this part of the Bay. The results gave a statistical overview of the similarities between the pollution indices and the differences in the degree of sediment pollution in the Bay during the last two decades.

Mapping methods to represent the interplay between environmental changes and prehistoric communities were investigated through a case study of the Mediterranean Iberia coastal landscape in the context of Holocene sea-level rise. We developed a four-dimension GIS-based analysis of the environmental evolution based on primary data acquisition (fieldwork, laboratory analyses) and spatial modeling of paleo-Digital Elevation Models (paleoDEMs). Five paleoDEMs were computed, representing key stages of the morphogenetic evolution between 9000 and 7000 years ago. Second, each paleoDEM was used as input in a Site-Catchment Analysis (a 1- and 2-hour walking distance from the archeological sites). Finally, we provide a bird-view visualization of the landscape evolution, centered on the perspective of an individual located at the archeological sites. By shifting the focus to the human scale, this GIS-assisted mapping allows refining assessments of the impact of environmental changes on settlement and subsistence patterns during the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic periods.

Tipping elements are nonlinear subsystems of the Earth system that have the potential to abruptly shift to another state if environmental change occurs close to a critical threshold with large consequences for human societies and ecosystems. Among these tipping elements may be the Amazon rainforest, which has been undergoing intensive anthropogenic activities and increasingly frequent droughts. Here, we assess how extreme deviations fromclimatological rainfall regimes may cause local forest collapse that cascades through the coupled forest-climate system. We develop a conceptual dynamic network model to isolate and uncover the role of atmospheric moisture recycling in such tipping cascades. We account for heterogeneity in critical thresholds of the forest caused by adaptation to local climatic conditions. Our results reveal that, despite this adaptation, a future climate characterized by permanent drought conditions could trigger a transition to an open canopy state particularly in the southern Amazon.Theloss of atmospheric moisture recycling contributes to one-third of the tipping events.Thus, by exceeding local thresholds in forest adaptive capacity, local climate change impacts may propagate to other regions of the Amazon basin, causing a risk of forest shifts even in regions where critical thresholds have not been crossed locally.

Uptake of contaminants is linked to their toxicity and is usually estimated through their lipophilicity (logKow). Here, we review current literature regarding bioconcentration, i.e. uptake of contaminants from the external environment only, and the effects of exposure to neuroactive pharmaceuticals in fish. We aim to determine if lipophilicity is a suitable predictor of bioconcentration of these compounds in fish, to identify major drivers of bioconcentration and explore the link between bioconcentration potential and toxicity, focusing on survival, growth, condition, behaviour and reproduction endpoints. Additionally, we compare concentrations known to elicit significant effects in fish with current environmental concentrations, identifying exposure risk in ecosystems. The majority of studies have focused on antidepressants, mainly fluoxetine, and encompasses mostly freshwater species. Few studies determined pharmaceuticals bioconcentration, and even a smaller portion combined bioconcentration with other toxicity endpoints. Results show that lipophilicity isn't a good predictor of neuroactive pharmaceuticals' bioconcentration in fish, which in turn is highly influenced by experimental parameters, including abiotic conditions, species and life-stage. The need for increased standardization of experimental settings is key towards improving accuracy of environmental risk assessments and application in future regulatory schemes. Still, increased fish lethality was linked to increased bioconcentration, yet no other correlations were observed when considering effects on growth, condition, behaviour or reproduction, likely as a result of insufficient and variable data. In the context of current environmental concentrations, several neuroactive pharmaceuticals were found to be potentially threatening, while data on occurrence is lacking for some compounds, particularly in brackish/marine systems. Specifically, nine compounds (fluoxetine, citalopram, sertraline, amitriptylin

Atmospheric particulate matter (APM) emitted by iron ore processing industries has a complex composition, including diverse metallic particles and nanoparticles. Settleable APM (SePM) causes air to water cross-contamination and has recently been demonstrated to have harmful sublethal impacts on fish, eliciting stress responses, affecting the immune system, and reducing blood oxygen-carrying capacity. These findings imply potential consequences for fish aerobic performance and energy allocation, particularly in their ability to tolerate respiratory challenges such as aquatic hypoxia. To assess that potential limitation, we analyzed metabolic, cardiorespiratory, and morphological alterations after exposing tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, to an environmentally relevant concentration of SePM (96 h) and progressive hypoxia. The contamination initiated detectable gill damage, reducing respiratory efficiency, increasing ventilatory effort, and compromising fish capacity to deal with hypoxia. Even in normoxia, the resting respiratory frequency was elevated and limited respiratory adjustments during hypoxia. SePM increased O2crit from 26 to 34% of O2 (1.84 to 2.76 mg O2·L−1). Such ventilatory inefficacy implies higher ventilatory cost with relevant alterations in energy allocation. Progression in gill damage might be problematic and cause: infection, blood loss, ion imbalance, and limited cardiorespiratory performance. The contamination did not cause immediate lethality but may threaten fish populations due to limitations in physiological performance. This was the first investigation to evaluate the physiological responses of fish to hypoxia after SePM contamination. We suggest that the present level of environmental SePM deserves attention. The present results demonstrate the need for comprehensive studies on SePM effects in aquatic fauna.

Disaster risk management is a social process; therefore, the whole community must be included in it. The objective of the study was to analyze the perceptions of disaster risk in the inhabitants of the municipality of Pijao (Quindio). A qualitative approach was followed from the design of the grounded theory. A non‑probabilistic sampling was carried out in the neighborhoods adjacent to the course of the Lejos River in the municipality of Pijao (Quindio, Colombia). The sample was composed of a total of 60 subjects. The substantive theory resulting from the research is the naturalization of disaster risk management. It is considered that the naturalization of actions for disaster risk mitigation is made possible by the level of knowledge of risk management concepts and actions, in addition to the level of cultural rootedness. The study provided first-hand knowledge of which elements level should be worked on in the community to strengthen risk management., La gestión del riesgo de desastres es un proceso social, por ello toda la comunidad debe estar incluida en ella. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las percepciones del riesgo de desastres en habitantes del municipio de Pijao (Quindio). Para esto se siguió un enfoque cualitativo desde el diseño de la teoría fundamentada. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico en los barrios aledaños al recorrido del Río Lejos del municipio de Pijao (Quindío, Colombia). La muestra estuvo compuesta por un total de 60 sujetos. La teoría sustantiva producto de la investigación es la naturalización de la gestión del riesgo de desastres. Se considera que la naturalización de acciones para la mitigación del riesgo de desastres se posibilita por el nivel de conocimiento de conceptos y acciones de la gestión del riesgo, además del nivel de arraigo cultural. El estudio permitió conocer de primera mano sobre los elementos que se deben trabajar para fortalecer la gestión del riesgo a nivel comunitario.

The surface sediments sampled from forty sampling sites in the Boka Kotorska Bay, starting from October 2005 to December 2019, were analysed for the content of ten heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe). Five complex indices (pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (RI), mean ERM quotient (MERMQ), toxic risk index (TRI), contamination severity index (CSI)) were determined for each site in the study period (2005, 2007, 2013, 2019), and statistically examined by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). In the semi-enclosed Bay, which consists of four smaller bays (Kotor, Risan, Tivat, Herceg Novi bays), a spatio-temporal comparison of sediment quality was carried out using PCA and CA analysis of the considered pollution indices. Statistical results revealed that the increased environmental risk in 2005 was observed in the bay of Kotor; in 2007 was in the bay of Tivat and Risan; in 2013 in the bay of Kotor and Tivat; and in 2019 was in the bay of Tivat, particularly at the shipyard site Bijela. The PCA and CA analysis highlighted that the sediment contamination in Kotor bay decreased from 2005 to 2019, while at the same time increased in Tivat bay, which is an indication of pollution due to urbanization and population growth in this part of the Bay. The results gave a statistical overview of the similarities between the pollution indices and the differences in the degree of sediment pollution in the Bay during the last two decades.

Atmospheric particulate matter (APM) emitted by iron ore processing industries has a complex composition, including diverse metallic particles and nanoparticles. Settleable APM (SePM) causes air to water cross-contamination and has recently been demonstrated to have harmful sublethal impacts on fish, eliciting stress responses, affecting the immune system, and reducing blood oxygen-carrying capacity. These findings imply potential consequences for fish aerobic performance and energy allocation, particularly in their ability to tolerate respiratory challenges such as aquatic hypoxia. To assess that potential limitation, we analyzed metabolic, cardiorespiratory, and morphological alterations after exposing tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, to an environmentally relevant concentration of SePM (96 h) and progressive hypoxia. The contamination initiated detectable gill damage, reducing respiratory efficiency, increasing ventilatory effort, and compromising fish capacity to deal with hypoxia. Even in normoxia, the resting respiratory frequency was elevated and limited respiratory adjustments during hypoxia. SePM increased O2crit from 26 to 34% of O2 (1.84 to 2.76 mg O2·L−1). Such ventilatory inefficacy implies higher ventilatory cost with relevant alterations in energy allocation. Progression in gill damage might be problematic and cause: infection, blood loss, ion imbalance, and limited cardiorespiratory performance. The contamination did not cause immediate lethality but may threaten fish populations due to limitations in physiological performance. This was the first investigation to evaluate the physiological responses of fish to hypoxia after SePM contamination. We suggest that the present level of environmental SePM deserves attention. The present results demonstrate the need for comprehensive studies on SePM effects in aquatic fauna.

Mine waste can constitute environmental hazards, especially when poorly managed. Environmental assessment is essential for estimating potential threats and optimizing mine waste management. This study evaluated a potential environmental risk of sulfidic mine waste samples originating from the Neves Corvo Mine, Portugal and the closed Freiberg mining district, Germany. Metal(loid)s in the waste samples were partitioned into seven operationally defined fractions using the Zeien and Brummer sequential extraction scheme. Results showed similar partitioning patterns for the elements in the waste rock and tailing samples from Neves Corvo Mine; most metal(loid)s showed lower mobility as they were mainly residual-bound. On the contrary, the Freiberg tailing had considerably elevated (24-37%) mobile fractions of Zn, Co, Cd and Mn. The majority of Fe (83-96%) in all samples was retained in the residual fractions, while Ca was highly mobile. Overall, Pb was the most mobile toxic element in the three samples. A large portion of Pb (32-57%) was predominantly found in the most mobilizable fractions of the studied waste samples. This study revealed that the three mine wastes have a contamination potential for Pb, which can be easily released into the environment from these wastes.

The surface sediments sampled from forty sampling sites in the Boka Kotorska Bay, starting from October 2005 to December 2019, were analysed for the content of ten heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe). Five complex indices (pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (RI), mean ERM quotient (MERMQ), toxic risk index (TRI), contamination severity index (CSI)) were determined for each site in the study period (2005, 2007, 2013, 2019), and statistically examined by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). In the semi-enclosed Bay, which consists of four smaller bays (Kotor, Risan, Tivat, Herceg Novi bays), a spatio-temporal comparison of sediment quality was carried out using PCA and CA analysis of the considered pollution indices. Statistical results revealed that the increased environmental risk in 2005 was observed in the bay of Kotor; in 2007 was in the bay of Tivat and Risan; in 2013 in the bay of Kotor and Tivat; and in 2019 was in the bay of Tivat, particularly at the shipyard site Bijela. The PCA and CA analysis highlighted that the sediment contamination in Kotor bay decreased from 2005 to 2019, while at the same time increased in Tivat bay, which is an indication of pollution due to urbanization and population growth in this part of the Bay. The results gave a statistical overview of the similarities between the pollution indices and the differences in the degree of sediment pollution in the Bay during the last two decades.

The research evaluated the impact of three pesticides on Eisenia fetida in the cultivation of Allium cepa (onion) in the district of Lurín, Lima, Peru. The mean lethal dose values (LD50) at 14 days, evasion percentage and food activity were evaluated as well as the exposure ratio of the toxic (TER) and the environmental risk coefficient (RQ) on pesticides zeta-cypermethrin, pendimethalin and profenofos based on ecotoxicological tests with E. fetida. The LD50 values at an exposure time at 14 d for the three pesticides were: zeta-cypermethrin>profenofos>pendimethalin. A relationship with the dose of pesticides close to the LD50 was calculated for the evasion and for food activity. TER value for the three pesticides was calculated which indicated no ecotoxicological impact for E. fetida. However, in the CR value, there were high risk values in the total, where zeta-cypermethrin indicated 92.77% of the environmental risk, while pendimethalin presented the lowest environmental risk with 0.09%. Within Peruvian legislation, these pesticides are still allowed to be used; hence, based on this research, it is suggested that zeta-cypermethrin be evaluated in more detail, because it was the only pesticide that presented a significant CR. In conclusion, zeta-cypermethrin causes an environmental impact on the onion crop in Lurin., A pesquisa avaliou o impacto de três pesticidas sobre Eisenia fetida no cultivo de Allium cepa (cebola) no distrito de Lurín, Lima, Perú. Os valores da dose letal mediana (DL50) aos 14 dias, porcentagem de evasão e atividade alimentar, e posteriormente a razão de exposição tóxica (TER) e o coeficiente de risco ambiental (CR) para os agrotóxicos à base de zeta-cipermetrina, pendimetalina e profenofós em testes ecotoxicológicos com E. fetida. Os valores de DL50 em um tempo de exposição de 14 dias para os três agrotóxicos foram: zeta-cipermetrina > profenofos > pendimetalina. Uma relação de dose foi calculada para pesticidas próximos ao DL50 para evasão e para atividade alimentar. O valor de TER para os três agrotóxicos foi calculado e indicou que não há impacto ecotoxicológico para E. fetida. No entanto, no valor de CR, foram apresentados valores de alto risco no total, onde a zeta-cipermetrina indicou 92,77% do risco ambiental, enquanto a pendimetalina apresentou o menor risco ambiental com 0,09%. Dentro da legislação peruana, esses agrotóxicos ainda são permitidos, para os quais, com base nesta pesquisa, recomenda-se que a zeta-cipermetrina seja avaliada com mais detalhes, pois foi o único agrotóxico que apresentou um CR significativo. Em conclusão, zeta-cipermetrina causa impacto ambiental no cultivo de cebola no distrito de Lurín., La investigación evaluó el impacto de tres plaguicidas sobre Eisenia fetida en el cultivo de Allium cepa (cebolla) en el distrito de Lurín, Lima, Perú. Se calcularon los valores de dosis letal media (DL50) a los 14 días, porcentaje de evasión y actividad alimentaria, y posteriormente la proporción de exposición del tóxico (TER) y el coeficiente de riesgo ambiental (CR) para los plaguicidas zeta-cipermetrina, pendimetalina y profenofos en base a ensayos ecotoxicológicos con E. fetida. Los valores de DL50 a un tiempo de exposición a los 14 días para los tres plaguicidas fueron: zeta-cipermetrina >profenofos >pendimetalina. Se calculó una relación con la dosis de los plaguicidas cercanos a la DL50 para la evasión y para la actividad alimentaria. El valor TER para los tres plaguicidas fue calculado e indicó que no hay impacto ecotoxicológico para E. fetida. Sin embargo, en el valor de CR se presentaron valores de riesgo alto en el total, donde la zeta-cipermetrina indicó el 92,77% del riesgo ambiental, mientras que la pendimetalina presentó el menor riesgo ambiental con 0,09%. Dentro de la legislación peruana, estos plaguicidas siguen siendo permitidos, por lo cual, en base a esta investigación, se recomienda que se evalúe a más detalle la zeta-cipermetrina, debido a que fue el único plaguicida que presentó un CR significativo. En conclusión, la zeta-cipermetrina ocasiona impacto ambiental en el cultivo de cebolla del distrito de Lurín.