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Sexual education in the educational system is a right of adolescents. In Latin America, despite the progress in the implementation of sexual education to prevent adolescent pregnancy, deficiencies are also evident. With the aim of exploring the sexual education experiences of adolescent fathers and mothers in schools, a qualitative study was developed in Cuenca. 19 semi-structured interviews were carried out (10 mothers; 9 adolescent fathers), and a thematic analysis of the information was used. It was found that, despite the established guidelines, sexual education is scarce and biased; Its implementation is unsystematic, with a bio-medical and moralistic approach and; it does not consider sexual development needs of adolescents. This reveals worrying gaps in the educational system that may contribute to the development of life skills., A educação sexual no sistema educacional é um direito dos adolescentes. Na América Latina, o progresso é evidente, mas também são evidentes as deficiências na implementação da educação sexual para prevenir a gravidez na adolescência. Com o objetivo de explorar as experiências de educação sexual de pais e mães adolescentes nas escolas, foi realizado um estudo qualitativo em Cuenca. Foram realizadas 19 entrevistas semiestruturadas (10 mães; 9 pais adolescentes), foi realizada uma análise temática das informações. Constatou-se que, apesar das diretrizes estabelecidas, a educação sexual é escassa e tendenciosa; A sua implementação é assistemática, com uma abordagem biomédica e moralista e; não considera as necessidades de desenvolvimento sexual dos adolescentes. Isto revela lacunas preocupantes no sistema educativo que contribuem para o desenvolvimento de competências necessárias à vida., La educación sexual en el sistema educativo es un derecho de los adolescentes. En Latinoamérica se evidencian avances, pero también se vislumbran deficiencias en la implementación de la educación sexual para prevención del embarazo adolescente. Con el objetivo de explorar las experiencias de educación sexual de padres y madres adolescentes en colegios, se realizó un estudio cualitativo en Cuenca. Se realizaron 19 entrevistas semiestructuradas (diez madres, nueve padres adolescentes) y un análisis temático de la información. Se encontró que, a pesar de los lineamientos establecidos, la educación sexual es escasa y sesgada. Su implementación es asistemática, con enfoque biomédico y moralista, y no considera necesidades del desarrollo sexual de adolescentes. Esto vislumbra preocupantes vacíos en el sistema educativo que aporten al desarrollo de habilidades necesarias para su vida.

Sexual education in the educational system is a right of adolescents. In Latin America, despite the progress in the implementation of sexual education to prevent adolescent pregnancy, deficiencies are also evident. With the aim of exploring the sexual education experiences of adolescent fathers and mothers in schools, a qualitative study was developed in Cuenca. 19 semi-structured interviews were carried out (10 mothers; 9 adolescent fathers), and a thematic analysis of the information was used. It was found that, despite the established guidelines, sexual education is scarce and biased; Its implementation is unsystematic, with a biomedical and moralistic approach and; it does not consider sexual development needs of adolescents. This reveals worrying gaps in the educational system that may contribute to the development of life skills.

Introduction: Pregnancy in adolescence tends to have personal, social, educational, and psychological repercussions on the mother and child. That is why the support of the family, and its functionality are crucial. Objective: To determine the level of family functionality existing in the families of pregnant adolescents attending prenatal check-ups in three health institutions in Cartagena-Colombia during 2021. Materials And Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, and association study. The population consisted of 780 pregnant adolescents who attend prenatal check-ups in two institutions. A sample of 185 pregnant adolescents, selected by probabilistic sampling, was estimated. Sociodemographic instrument and family APGAR were applied. Results: Pregnant women participated in institution A (50.81%) and institution B (44.32%), they were high school adolescents (58.92%), who live together in a free union (51.35%), in nuclear families of origin (32.97%) and their families earn between 1 – 2 minimum wages (48.11%). The current pregnancy was not planned, and prenatal check-ups are attended by the mother (31.35%), the couple (27.57%) or alone (22.16%). Normal functionality was the most frequent (99.46%) and was correlated (p ≤ 0.05) with the institutions, with the family typology of a single-parent nature formed and with the accompaniment to prenatal controls. Conclusion: A normal level of family functionality was determined in the families of pregnant adolescents attending prenatal check-ups in two health institutions in Cartagena., Introdução: A gravidez na adolescência tende a ter repercussões pessoais, sociais, educacionais e psicológicas sobre a mãe e o filho. É por isso que o apoio da família e sua funcionalidade são cruciais. Objetivo: Determinar o nível de funcionalidade familiar existente nas famílias de adolescentes gestantes que participam de check-ups pré-natal em dois instituições de saúde em Cartagena-Colômbia durante 2021. Materiais e métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal e associacao de estudo. A população era composta por 780 adolescentes gestantes que frequentam o pré-natal em dois instituições. Foi estimada uma amostra de 185 adolescentes gestantes, selecionadas por amostragem probabilística. Foram aplicados instrumentos sociodemográficos e APGAR familiar. Resultados: Gestantes participaram da instituição A (50,81%) e da instituição B (44,32%), eram adolescentes do ensino médio (58,92%), que vivem juntas em união gratuita (51,35%), em famílias nucleares de origem (32,97%) e suas famílias ganham entre 1 e 2 salários-mínimos (48,11%). A gestação atual não foi planejada, e os check-ups pré-natal são atendidos pela mãe (31,35%), pelo casal (27,57%) ou sozinho (22,16%). A funcionalidade normal foi a mais frequente (99,46%), e foi correlacionada (p ≤ 0,05) com as instituições, com a tipologia familiar de natureza monoparental conformada e com o acompanhamento aos controles pré-natais. Conclusão: Foi determinado um nível normal de funcionalidade familiar nas famílias de adolescentes gestantes que frequentam os check-ups do pré-natal em dois instituições de saúde de Cartagena., Introducción: El embarazo en la adolescencia tiende a presentar repercusiones personales, sociales, educativas y psicológicas en la madre y en el hijo. Es por ello por lo que el apoyo de la familia y su funcionalidad resultan cruciales. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de funcionalidad familiar existente en las familias de las adolescentes gestantes asistentes a controles prenatales en tres instituciones de salud de Cartagena-Colombia durante 2021. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, y asociación. La población estuvo constituida por 780 adolescentes gestantes que asisten a controles prenatales en dos instituciones. Se determinó una muestra de 185 adolescentes gestantes, seleccionadas mediante muestreo probabilístico. Fue aplicado instrumento sociodemográfico y APGAR familiar. Resultados: Las gestantes participaron de la institución A (50,81%) y de la institución B (44,32%), se trató de adolescentes bachilleres (58,92%), que conviven en unión libre (51,35%), en familias nucleares de origen (32,97%) y sus familias devengan ingresos entre 1 – 2 salarios mínimos (48,11%). El embarazo actual no fue planeado, y a los controles prenatales asisten con la mamá (31,35%), la pareja (27,57%) o solas (22,16%). La funcionalidad normal fue la más frecuente (99,46%), y se presentó asociación (p ≤ 0,05) con las instituciones, con la tipología familiar de naturaleza monoparental conformada y con el acompañamiento a los controles prenatales. Conclusión: Se determinó un nivel de funcionalidad familiar normal en las familias de las adolescentes gestantes asistentes a controles prenatales en dos instituciones de salud de Cartagena.

Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy is one that occurs in an adolescent woman, between early adolescence or puberty and the end of adolescence. Objective: Raise the level of knowledge of adolescents about pregnancy in adolescence. Methods: An experimental study, a community intervention trial on adolescent pregnancy, was carried out. Universe 133 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 19 and the sample 91, selected by simple random sampling and who met the selection criteria. The variables were used: age, sex, adequate age for the beginning of sexual relations, contraceptive methods that they know, general knowledge about pregnancy in adolescence. Results: The female sex predominated 51 (56 %), the most represented age group 14-16 years 40 (44 %), 53 adolescents (58,2 %) consider the age between 18-19 years as appropriate for the start of the sexual relations The best-known method turned out to be the copper T 89 (97.8%), however, 39 (42,9 %) consider contraceptive tablets to be the ideal method for their age. Before the intervention, a low level of knowledge prevailed in 49 (53,8 %), at the end of the study, the high evaluation category prevailed in 88 (96,7 %). Conclusions: The intervention was effective in increasing knowledge about the consequences of pregnancy in adolescence. This type of intervention made it possible to encourage changes in the lifestyles of the participants., Introducción: El embarazo adolescente es aquel que se produce en una mujer adolescente, entre la adolescencia inicial o pubertad y el final de la adolescencia. Objetivo: Elevar el nivel de conocimiento de los adolescentes sobre el embarazo en la adolescencia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental, ensayo de intervención comunitaria sobre embarazo en adolescentes. El universo de estudio es de 133 adolescentes entre los 12 y 19 años, y la muestra es de 91 personas, seleccionadas por muestreo aleatorio simple y que cumplían con los criterios de selección. Se utilizaron las variables: edad, sexo, edad adecuada para el inicio de las relaciones sexuales, métodos anticonceptivos que conocen, conocimiento general sobre el embarazo en la adolescencia. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino con 51 (56%), el grupo de edad más representado es de 14-16 años con 40 (44%), 53 adolescentes (58.2%) consideran la edad entre 18-19 años como adecuada para el inicio de las relaciones sexuales. El método más conocido resultó ser la T de cobre en 89 (97.8%); sin embargo, consideran como el método ideal para su edad las tabletas anticonceptivas un total de 39 (42.9%). Antes de la intervención predominó un nivel bajo de conocimientos en 49 (53.8%). Al final del estudio, predominó la categoría de evaluación alto en 88 (96.7%). Conclusiones: La intervención resultó efectiva al aumentar los conocimientos sobre las consecuencias del embarazo en la adolescencia. Este tipo de intervención permitió incentivar cambios en los estilos de vida de los participantes.

Teenage pregnancy involves multiple somatic, social and psychological changes. In this last dimension, damage and maternal function constitute dimensions that commonly require attention. The bibliography provides a wide range of theoretical approaches that are reflected in psychoanalytic practice. In this regard, a review supported by the experiences contributed by specialists in this area is presented. The information was collected in recognized scientific databases, graduation thesis in university repositories and non-governmental organizations of worldwide recognition for their advisory, investigative and academic activity. Fundamentally, the theoretical information was organized chronologically, which was later compared with the statements of the professionals interviewed. During the process, the universal investigative ethical principles were followed in order to guarantee the quality and rigor of the searched sources., El embarazo en la adolescencia implica múltiples cambios somáticos, sociales y psicológicos. En esta última dimensión, estrago y función materna constituyen dimensiones que requieren de atención comúnmente. La bibliografía ofrece una amplia gama de abordajes teóricos que se reflejan en la práctica psicoanalítica, al respecto se presenta una revisión apoyada en las experiencias aportadas por especialistas en esa área. La información se recolectó en bases de datos científicas reconocidas, tesis de graduación en repositorios universitarios y organizaciones no gubernamentales de reconocimiento mundial por su actividad de asesoría, investigativa y académica. Fundamentalmente, la información teórica se organizó de manera cronológica, la que luego fue confrontada con las declaraciones de los profesionales entrevistados. Durante el proceso, se siguieron los principios éticos investigativos universales, en garantía de la calidad y rigor de las fuentes consultadas.

Introduction: Although adolescent pregnancy prevalence in Colombia is high, adverse obstetric and perinatal adverse outcomes in this population have not yet been established in the country.Objective: To characterize the obstetric and perinatal outcomes of pregnant adolescents treated at Hosptal Militar Central, located in Bogotá D.C., Colombia.Materials and methods: Retrospective cross-sectional observational study. The medical records of 147 pregnant adolescents treated at Hospital Militar Central between May 2012 and December 2015 were reviewed.Results: Adolescents’ average age was 17 ± 1.5 years, 59.8% of them were students (high school and higher education), and 64.6% were single. Regarding prenatal care, 127 (86.4%) had started getting prenatal check-ups late and 108 (73.5%) had poor prenatal care (less than 4 prenatal check-ups). Obstetric complications general frequency was 27.9%, being the most frequent hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (10.2%) and preterm birth (8.2%). There were no maternal death cases. On the other hand, the most frequent perinatal morbidities were jaundice (4.8%) and respiratory distress syndrome (3.4%).Conclusions: Pregnancy-related complications were more frequent in adolescents who started prenatal check-ups late, so strategies aimed at ensuring that adolescents have access to early prenatal care and at improving their adherence rates to prenatal check-ups must be implemented. In addition, the impact that family planning programs have on this population must also be evaluated., Introducción. A pesar de que en Colombia hay una alta prevalencia de embarazos en adolescentes, aún no se han establecido los resultados obstétricos y perinatales adversos en esta población.Objetivo. Caracterizar los desenlaces obstétricos y perinatales de las gestantes adolescentes atendidas en el Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá D.C., Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y transversal realizado mediante la revisión de las historias clínicas de 147 gestantes adolescentes atendidas entre mayo de 2012 y diciembre de 2015 en el Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá D.C.Resultados. El promedio de edad fue 17±1.5 años; 59.8% eran estudiantes (secundaria y educación superior) y 64.6%, solteras. En cuanto a los controles prenatales, 127 (86.4%) los iniciaron tardíamente y 108 (73.5%) tuvieron menos de 4. La frecuencia general de complicaciones obstétricas fue 27.9%, entre las que se destacan los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo (10.2%) y la amenaza de parto pretérmino (8.2%); no se presentaron muertes maternas. Por su parte, las patologías neonatales más comunes fueron ictericia neonatal (4.8%) y síndrome de dificultad respiratoria (3.4%).Conclusiones. Las complicaciones se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en las adolescentes que iniciaron los controles prenatales de forma tardía, por lo que se deben implementar estrategias para garantizar el inicio temprano de estos controles y la adherencia a los mismos. Además, es necesario evaluar el impacto de los programas de planificación familiar en esta población.

Introduction: Although adolescent pregnancy prevalence in Colombia is high, adverse obstetric and perinatal adverse outcomes in this population have not yet been established in the country.Objective: To characterize the obstetric and perinatal outcomes of pregnant adolescents treated at Hosptal Militar Central, located in Bogotá D.C., Colombia.Materials and methods: Retrospective cross-sectional observational study. The medical records of 147 pregnant adolescents treated at Hospital Militar Central between May 2012 and December 2015 were reviewed.Results: Adolescents’ average age was 17 ± 1.5 years, 59.8% of them were students (high school and higher education), and 64.6% were single. Regarding prenatal care, 127 (86.4%) had started getting prenatal check-ups late and 108 (73.5%) had poor prenatal care (less than 4 prenatal check-ups). Obstetric complications general frequency was 27.9%, being the most frequent hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (10.2%) and preterm birth (8.2%). There were no maternal death cases. On the other hand, the most frequent perinatal morbidities were jaundice (4.8%) and respiratory distress syndrome (3.4%).Conclusions: Pregnancy-related complications were more frequent in adolescents who started prenatal check-ups late, so strategies aimed at ensuring that adolescents have access to early prenatal care and at improving their adherence rates to prenatal check-ups must be implemented. In addition, the impact that family planning programs have on this population must also be evaluated., Introducción. A pesar de que en Colombia hay una alta prevalencia de embarazos en adolescentes, aún no se han establecido los resultados obstétricos y perinatales adversos en esta población.Objetivo. Caracterizar los desenlaces obstétricos y perinatales de las gestantes adolescentes atendidas en el Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá D.C., Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y transversal realizado mediante la revisión de las historias clínicas de 147 gestantes adolescentes atendidas entre mayo de 2012 y diciembre de 2015 en el Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá D.C.Resultados. El promedio de edad fue 17±1.5 años; 59.8% eran estudiantes (secundaria y educación superior) y 64.6%, solteras. En cuanto a los controles prenatales, 127 (86.4%) los iniciaron tardíamente y 108 (73.5%) tuvieron menos de 4. La frecuencia general de complicaciones obstétricas fue 27.9%, entre las que se destacan los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo (10.2%) y la amenaza de parto pretérmino (8.2%); no se presentaron muertes maternas. Por su parte, las patologías neonatales más comunes fueron ictericia neonatal (4.8%) y síndrome de dificultad respiratoria (3.4%).Conclusiones. Las complicaciones se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en las adolescentes que iniciaron los controles prenatales de forma tardía, por lo que se deben implementar estrategias para garantizar el inicio temprano de estos controles y la adherencia a los mismos. Además, es necesario evaluar el impacto de los programas de planificación familiar en esta población.

Introduction: Adolescents can engage into risky sexual behaviors which can increase unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STI). Objective: To describe the risky sexual behaviors among university students belonging to the Escuela Nacional de Enfermería y Obstetricia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive, transversal and correlational study with a population of 580 1st semester students (February-June 2017). The sample was constituted by 144 randomly selected students. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated. Participation was anonymous and all data were kept strictly confidential. Results: 78% were female. 72% were 18-19 years old. Regarding their sexual life, four of five reported having had some form of sexual activity, with 80% saying 2 or more times. 81% had unprotected sex, with 48% saying two or more times. 60% reported the use of natural contraceptives, with 35% saying two or more times. 50% said having had sex under the influence of drugs or alcohol, with 43% saying two or more times. 39% acknowledged errors while using contraceptive methods, with 11% A significant correlation was found between sexual activity and experience in the use of contraceptives, as well as between sexual activity and risky sexual behaviors. Discussion and Conclusions: These findings turned out to be similar to those of previous studies. It is important to identify sexual risky behaviors among university students in order to prioritize sexual health strategies. Nursing professionals who are responsible for Sex-Related Advice have a key role in sex education., Introdução: Os adolescentes como grupo vulnerável na tentativa de satisfazer sua sexualidade estão expostos a condutas sexuais de risco (CSR) que contribuem para o aumento da Gravidez Não Desejada (END) e Infecções de Transmissão Sexual (ITS). Objetivo: Descrever as condutas de risco sexual em jovens universitários da Escuela Nacional de Enfermería y Obstetrícia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México.. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal e correlacional; população, 580 estudantes de primeiro semestre (fevereiro-junho 2017); amostragem, 144 sujeitos escolhidos aleatoriamente; análise com estatística descritiva e inferencial; a participação dos estudantes foi anónima, voluntária e os dados totalmente confidenciais. Resultados: 78 % foram mulheres e 72 % com idades de 18-19 anos; presência de CSR: quatro em cada cinco já tiveram vida sexual; 80 % 2-3 ou mais vezes; 81 % sexo desprotegido, 48 % 2 ou mais vezes; 60 % uso de anticonceptivos naturais, 35 % duas ou mais ocasiões; 50 % sexo sob ingestão de álcool ou drogas, 43 % uma, duas ou mais vezes e; 39 % erros no uso de métodos anticoncepcionais, 11 % duas ou mais ocasiões. Existe uma correlação significativa entre a atividade sexual e a experiência com contraceptivos, bem como a atividade sexual com a conduta sexual em condições de risco. Discussão e Conclusões: Os resultados coincidem com estudos prévios. Resulta importante identificar as CSR nos estudantes universitários para priorizar estrategias de saúde sexual. Os profissionais de enfermagem responsáveis pelo Aconselhamento Sexual têm um papel fundamental na educação sexual., Introducción: Los adolescentes como grupo vulnerable al tratar de satisfacer su sexualidad se exponen a conductas sexuales de riesgo (CSR) que contribuyen al incremento de Embarazos No Deseados (END) e Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS). Objetivo: Describir las conductas de riesgo sexual en jóvenes universitarios de la Escuela Nacional de Enfermería y Obstetricia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal y correlacional; población, 580 estudiantes de primer semestre (febrero-junio 2017); muestra, 144 sujetos elegidos al azar; análisis con estadística descriptiva e inferencial; la participación de los estudiantes fue anónima, voluntaria y los datos totalmente confidenciales. Resultados: 78% fueron mujeres y 72% con edades de 18-19 años; presencia de CSR: cuatro de cada cinco han tenido vida sexual; 80% 2-3 o más veces; 81% sexo sin protección, 48% 2 o más veces; 60% uso de anticonceptivos naturales, 35% dos o más ocasiones; 50% sexo bajo la ingestión de alcohol o drogas, 43% una, dos o más veces y; 39% errores en el uso de métodos anticonceptivos, 11% dos o más ocasiones. Existe una correlación significativa entre la actividad sexual y la experiencia con anticonceptivos, así como de actividad sexual con la conducta sexual en condiciones de riesgo. Discusión y Conclusiones: Los resultados coinciden con estudios previos. Resulta importante identificar las CSR en los estudiantes universitarios para priorizar estrategias de salud sexual. Los profesionales de enfermería responsables de la Consejería Sexual tienen un rol fundamental en la educación sexual.

Introduction: Although adolescent pregnancy prevalence in Colombia is high, adverse obstetric and perinatal adverse outcomes in this population have not yet been established in the country. Objective: To characterize the obstetric and perinatal outcomes of pregnant adolescents treated at Hosptal Militar Central, located in Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Materials and methods: Retrospective cross-sectional observational study. The medical records of 147 pregnant adolescents treated at Hospital Militar Central between May 2012 and December 2015 were reviewed. Results: Adolescents’ average age was 17 ± 1.5 years, 59.8% of them were students (high school and higher education), and 64.6% were single. Regarding prenatal care, 127 (86.4%) had started getting prenatal check-ups late and 108 (73.5%) had poor prenatal care (less than 4 prenatal check-ups). Obstetric complications general frequency was 27.9%, being the most frequent hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (10.2%) and preterm birth (8.2%). There were no maternal death cases. On the other hand, the most frequent perinatal morbidities were jaundice (4.8%) and respiratory distress syndrome (3.4%). Conclusions: Pregnancy-related complications were more frequent in adolescents who started prenatal check-ups late, so strategies aimed at ensuring that adolescents have access to early prenatal care and at improving their adherence rates to prenatal check-ups must be implemented. In addition, the impact that family planning programs have on this population must also be evaluated., Introducción. A pesar de que en Colombia hay una alta prevalencia de embarazos en adolescentes, aún no se han establecido los resultados obstétricos y perinatales adversos en esta población. Objetivo. Caracterizar los desenlaces obstétricos y perinatales de las gestantes adolescentes atendidas en el Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y transversal realizado mediante la revisión de las historias clínicas de 147 gestantes adolescentes atendidas entre mayo de 2012 y diciembre de 2015 en el Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá D.C. Resultados. El promedio de edad fue 17±1.5 años; 59.8% eran estudiantes (secundaria y educación superior) y 64.6%, solteras. En cuanto a los controles prenatales, 127 (86.4%) los iniciaron tardíamente y 108 (73.5%) tuvieron menos de 4. La frecuencia general de complicaciones obstétricas fue 27.9%, entre las que se destacan los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo (10.2%) y la amenaza de parto pretérmino (8.2%); no se presentaron muertes maternas. Por su parte, las patologías neonatales más comunes fueron ictericia neonatal (4.8%) y síndrome de dificultad respiratoria (3.4%). Conclusiones. Las complicaciones se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en las adolescentes que iniciaron los controles prenatales de forma tardía, por lo que se deben implementar estrategias para garantizar el inicio temprano de estos controles y la adherencia a los mismos. Además, es necesario evaluar el impacto de los programas de planificación familiar en esta población.

Objective: to determine the prevalence of pregnancy in adolescents and associated factors at the Luis F Martinez Hospital in Cañar province, in 2017.Methodology: it is a cross-sectional study carried out in 200 female adolescents. The Family APGAR test and the questionnaire from the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses were used. Data was collected in a survey and it was tabulated in EpiInfo7. The frequencies, percentages, prevalence ratio with its 95% confidence interval as well as Chi square with its p value were obtained.Results: the average age was 16.9 years; 52.5% were mestizo, 41% had incomplete secondary education, 51.5% were in free union and were housewives. The prevalence of teenage pregnancy was 18%. The factors associated with adolescent pregnancy were: home distant from the health center (PR: 1.25, 95% CI 1.06-1.14, p: 0.004), consumption of psychoactive substances (PR 1.24, 95% CI 1.06-1.46, p: 0.005) , migration of one of the parents (PR 1.28, 95% CI 1.10-1.49, p: 0.002), school dropout (PR 1.65, 95% CI 1.34-2.03, p: 0.000) and family dysfunction (PR 1.66, 95% CI 1.5-2.21 , p: 0.000).Conclusions: the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy in this locality is high and is associated with age >15 years, distant housing from the health center, consumption of psychoactive substances, migration of one of the parents, school dropout, and family dysfunction

Background: maternal complications during pregnancy occur frequently, even when most of these disorders can be prevented, so it is important to recognize the most common complications to provide adequate treatment and reduce maternal mortality. Objective: to determine the frequency of maternal complications in teenage and non-adolescent primigests of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, during the 2019 period. Methodology: observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. 300 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria participated, the information was collected through surveys and clinical records. For the statistical analysis, the SPSS version 15 program is found. The results are selected using custom tables, for the qualitative variables the frequencies and percentages and for the quantitative means and standard deviations. Results: the general prevalence of maternal complications was 57%, of which 55.6% occurred in adults and 44.4% in adolescents. The frequency of caesarean sections was 32% in adults versus 27.3% in adolescents. Both anemia and postpartum hemorrhage were more frequent complications in the group of adolescents with 16.7% and 11.3% respectively; in adults the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with 20.7% and perineal tear with 14.7% were presented in a higher percentage. Conclusions: the prevalence of maternal complications was high, evidencing more frequently in adult pregnant women.

Background: maternal complications during pregnancy occur frequently, even when most of these disorders can be prevented, so it is important to recognize the most common complications to provide adequate treatment and reduce maternal mortality. Objective: to determine the frequency of maternal complications in teenage and non-adolescent primigests of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, during the 2019 period. Methodology: observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. 300 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria participated, the information was collected through surveys and clinical records. For the statistical analysis, the SPSS version 15 program is found. The results are selected using custom tables, for the qualitative variables the frequencies and percentages and for the quantitative means and standard deviations. Results: the general prevalence of maternal complications was 57%, of which 55.6% occurred in adults and 44.4% in adolescents. The frequency of caesarean sections was 32% in adults versus 27.3% in adolescents. Both anemia and postpartum hemorrhage were more frequent complications in the group of adolescents with 16.7% and 11.3% respectively; in adults the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with 20.7% and perineal tear with 14.7% were presented in a higher percentage. Conclusions: the prevalence of maternal complications was high, evidencing more frequently in adult pregnant women.

Background: maternal complications during pregnancy occur frequently, even when most of these disorders can be prevented, so it is important to recognize the most common complications to provide adequate treatment and reduce maternal mortality. Objective: to determine the frequency of maternal complications in teenage and non-adolescent primigests of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, during the 2019 period. Methodology: observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. 300 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria participated, the information was collected through surveys and clinical records. For the statistical analysis, the SPSS version 15 program is found. The results are selected using custom tables, for the qualitative variables the frequencies and percentages and for the quantitative means and standard deviations. Results: the general prevalence of maternal complications was 57%, of which 55.6% occurred in adults and 44.4% in adolescents. The frequency of caesarean sections was 32% in adults versus 27.3% in adolescents. Both anemia and postpartum hemorrhage were more frequent complications in the group of adolescents with 16.7% and 11.3% respectively; in adults the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with 20.7% and perineal tear with 14.7% were presented in a higher percentage. Conclusions: the prevalence of maternal complications was high, evidencing more frequently in adult pregnant women.

The risk pregnancy is defined as the pregnancy in which one or more factors are detected that could cause a risk for the current gestation, being able to negatively affect the maternal fetal outcomes. There are identified risk factors in which the attending physician pays more attention, these are maternal age, unhealthy lifestyle, co-existing diseases, etc. Periodic and early check-ups are important since identifying an early pregnancy can handle any risk factor you present with better quality., El embarazo de riesgo se define como el embarazo en el que se detectan una o más factores que podrían causar un riesgo para la gestación actual, pudiendo afectar negativamente los resultados materno fetales. Algunos factores de riesgos atención son: edad materna, estilo de vida poco saludables, enfermedades co-esxistentes, etc. Es de suma importancia los controles periódicos y tempranos ya que al identificar un embarazo temprano se puede abordar con mejor calidad cualquier factor de riesgo que presente.

In order to describe the impact of pregnancy in adolescence and its association with risk factors and complications associated with pregnancy and childbirth, a medical literature review was conducted; 18 citations were revised from MedLine, LILACS and SciELO databases, including studies in Spanish and English languages. Pregnancy in adolescence period is a risk because physical and mental development is not yet reached at these ages and worse perinatal results are observed. The risks associated with pregnancy in adolescence are hypertension, anemia, low birth weight and premature birth; which determine an increase in maternal morbidity and mortality. Reducing the levels of pregnancy in adolescence is a great challenge and a health goal commitment all over the country, thus prevention strategies are a priority., Con el objetivo de describir la repercusión del embarazo en la adolescencia y su asociación con factores de riesgo y complicaciones propias de la gestación y el parto, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica. Se consultaron 18 citas de las bases de datos MedLine, LILACS y SciELO, considerando estudios en los idiomas español e inglés. El embarazo en la adolescencia constituye un riesgo por no alcanzarse todavía a esta edad la madurez física y mental y se acompañan de un peor resultado perinatal. Los riesgos asociados al embarazo adolescente como la enfermedad hipertensiva, la anemia, el bajo peso al nacer y el parto prematuro determinan elevación de la morbimortalidad materna. Disminuir el embarazo adolescente es un gran desafío y una meta sanitaria comprometida por el país, por lo que estrategias de prevención resultan prioritarias.

When we talk about teenage pregnancy, we generally understand that it is the mother's first child. But there is a large number of adolescents who have had more than one pregnancy (1) (8). The ease with which adolescents carry a new pregnancy is evident, after a previous pregnancy in a period of 1 and 2 years (30% and 25 to 50% respectively) (2) (3). Objective: To establish the relationship of subsequent pregnancy with the use or not of contraception in adolescents treated at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital (HVCM) during the year 2017. Methodology: A retrospective analytical prevalence study was conducted. The sample consisted of 252 clinical histories. In the descriptive analysis, absolute and relative frequencies, central tendency and dispersion measurements were estimated. The Odds ratio with 95% CI was used to evaluate risk and the p value was determined to evaluate association. Results: The prevalence of subsequent pregnancy is 21.4%. The first pregnancy occurs on average at 15.6 years, and the subsequent pregnancy at 17.4 years. Sixty-three percent of adolescents with a second pregnancy do not continue their studies (OR 1.05), (p 0.05). It is reported that 79.6% of adolescents with subsequent pregnancies did not use a contraceptive method. In relation to planned pregnancy and subsequent pregnancy 83.3% of subsequent pregnancies were unplanned. Conclusions: Subsequent pregnancy during adolescence is related to non-use of contraceptive methods. Keywords: Pregnancy in Adolescence, Contraceptives, Adolescents, Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital.

Introduction: adolescence is considered as a transition stage where a series of diseases or conditions can appear that can endanger the life of patients. Pregnancy in adolescence is considered an important health problem. It is known that during the 9 months of pregnancy teenagers suffer a number of complications that can endanger both the life of the mother and the future baby. A series of factors that can affect, in a considerable way, the increase in the incidence of teenage pregnancy are described. Knowing them becomes an essential tool for the health team of primary care with the aim of developing strategies to minimize their incidence. Objective: to describe the sociocultural factors that influence the increase in the incidence of pregnancy in adolescence. Methodology: descriptive, longitudinal study that included 417 female adolescents between 12 and 19 years of age belonging to the canton Carlos Julio Arosemena of Napo province in Ecuador. A specific questionnaire was designed for the research that facilitated the collection of the necessary information to comply with the variables defined for the investigation. The interview was used as a research technique and the ethical elements of research in humans were taken into account. Results: average age of 14.56 years, predominance of early adolescence (42.68%). 18.71% have a history of pregnancy. There was a predominance of adolescents who only studied (61.63 %, 70.74 % kept studying, although a percentage of them linked the study and work (9.11 %). Single female adolescents predominated (69,31 %). The 32.05% of adolescents with obstetric history began their sexual life before 16 years of age, adolescents with obstetric history are mostly married (52.56 %), while 37.18 % are still single, those who do not have obstetric history began to have sexual relations after 16 years of age (75.81%) and are, at most, single (76.70 %). finish is the educational level of greater significance both in adolescents with obstetr, Introducción: la adolescencia es considerada como una etapa de transición donde pueden aparecer una serie de enfermedades o condiciones que pueden llegar a poner en peligro la vida de los pacientes. El embarazo en la adolescencia es considerado como un importante problema de salud. Se conocen que durante los 9 meses de gestación las adolescentes sufren un sinnúmero de complicaciones que pueden poner en peligro tanto la vida de la mama como del futuro bebe. Se describen una serie de factores que pueden incidir, de manera considerable, en el aumento de la incidencia del embarazo en la adolescencia. Conocer los mismos deviene una herramienta esencial para el equipo de salud de la atención primaria con el objetivo de trazar estrategias para minimizar su incidencia. Objetivo: describir los factores socioculturales que influyen en el aumento de la incidencia del embarazo en la adolescencia. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, de corte longitudinal que incluyó a 417 adolescentes femeninas entre 12 y 19 años de edad pertenecientes al cantón Carlos Julio Arosemena de la provincia Napo en Ecuador. Se diseñó un cuestionario específico para la investigación que facilitó recopilar la información necesaria para cumplir con las variables definidas para la investigación. Se utilizó la entrevista como técnica de investigación y se tuvieron en cuenta los elementos éticos de las investigaciones en seres humanos. Resultados: promedio de edad de 14,56 años, predominio de adolescencia temprana (42,68 %). El 18,71 % tiene antecedentes de embarazo. Existió predominio de adolescentes que se dedican únicamente a estudia (61,63 %, el 70,74 % se mantienen estudiando, aunque un porciento de ellos vincula el estudio y el trabajo (9,11 %). Predominaron las pacientes adolescentes solteras (69,31 %). El 32,05 % de las adolescentes con antecedentes obstétricos comenzaron su vida sexual antes de los 16 años de edad; las adolescentes con antecedentes obstétricos se encuentran mayoritariamente casadas (5

The research attempted to investigate the phenomenon of pregnancy in adolescence from the perception of the mothers of pregnant adolescents, considering family relational aspects in a systemic approach. It had a transversal character, bringing qualitative data from the study of multiple cases with three women who have a pregnant adolescent daughter. The instruments used were the sociodemographic questionnaire and the semistructured interview, applied in the residences of the participants. The main results of the thematic analysis and cross-case synthesis were: the presence of gender stereotypes with significant absence of paternal function, dysfunctional parent styles, transgenerational occurrences in terms of patterns of relationship, helplessness, violence and pregnancy in adolescence itself, as well as family structures with borders’s pathologies. It was concluded that the planning of the pregnancy in this period of the life cycle carries important family aspects that need to be considered in preventive and interventional processes, in order to interrupt vicious dysfunction family’s cycles., A pesquisa intentou investigar o fenômeno da gravidez na adolescência a partir da percepção das mães de jovens gestantes, considerando, por meio da perspectiva teórica sistêmica, aspectos relacionais familiares. Teve caráter transversal, trazendo dados qualitativos oriundos de um estudo de casos múltiplos com três mulheres cujas filhas adolescentes engravidaram de forma planejada. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o questionário sociodemográfico e a entrevista semiestruturada, aplicados nas residências das participantes. Os principais resultados da análise temática e síntese de casos cruzados foram: presença de estereótipos de gênero com ausência significativa da função paterna, estilos parentais disfuncionais, ocorrências transgeracionais em termos de padrões de relacionamento, desamparo, violência e da própria gravidez na adolescência, além de estruturas familiares com patologias de fronteiras. Concluiu-se que o planejamento da gravidez nesse período do ciclo vital carrega importantes aspectos familiares que precisam ser considerados em processos preventivos e interventivos, de modo a interromper ciclos viciosos de disfuncionalidade familiar., La investigación intentó investigar el fenómeno del embarazo en la adolescencia a partir de la percepción de las madres de jóvenes gestantes, considerando, por medio de la perspectiva teórica sistémica, aspectos relacionales familiares. Se tuvo un carácter transversal, trayendo datos cualitativos oriundos de un estudio de casos múltiples con tres mujeres cuyas hijas adolescentes se embarazaron de forma planificada. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el cuestionario sociodemográfico y la entrevista semiestructurada, aplicados en las residencias de las participantes. Los principales resultados del análisis temático y síntesis de casos cruzados fueron: presencia de estereotipos de género con ausencia significativa de la función paterna, estilos parentales disfuncionales, ocurrencias transgeneracionales en términos de patrones de relación, desamparo, violencia y del propio embarazo en la adolescencia, además de estructuras familiares con patologías de fronteras. Se concluyó que la planificación del embarazo en ese período del ciclo vital lleva importantes aspectos familiares que necesitan ser considerados en procesos preventivos e interventivos, de modo a interrumpir ciclos viciosos de disfuncionalidad familiar.

Introduction: adolescents are biologically prepared and culturally motivated to initiate an active sexual life, but are unable to analyze the consequences of their sexual behavior and make decisions in a responsible manner. Objective: to identify risk factors that could influence pregnancy in adolescence. Method: a case-control study was carried out in the "Emilio Daudinot" polyclinic in 2013. The universe comprised the pregnant adolescents captured during that year (42 cases) and the number of adolescents who were never pregnant, selected two for each case (86 controls). Knowledge variables were analyzed. The information obtained from a previously validated survey. The results are expressed in double entry tables. Odds ratio and Confidence Intervals were estimated. Results: risk factors for pregnancy in adolescence were found to have their first sexual relations between 15 and 19 years and not have knowledge about complications of pregnancy in adolescence. The vast majority of adolescents knew the optimal age to get pregnant and do not consider abortion as a contraceptive method. Conclusions: it is recommended to design an educational intervention program to modify the knowledge of adolescents., Introdução: os adolescentes são biologicamente preparados e culturalmente motivados para iniciar uma vida sexual ativa, mas não conseguem analisar as consequências de seu comportamento sexual e tomar decisões de maneira responsável. Objetivo: identificar fatores de risco que possam influenciar a gravidez na adolescência. Método: Estudo de casos e controles foi realizada na policlínica "Emilio Daudinot em 2013. O universo composto por adolescentes grávidas capturadas durante esse ano (42 casos) e adolescentes Duplo que nunca tinha estado grávida, selecionados dois por caso (86 controles). Variáveis de conhecimento foram analisadas. As informações obtidas de uma pesquisa previamente validada. Os resultados são expressos em tabelas de entrada dupla. Odds ratio e Intervalos de Confiança foram estimados. Resultados: constatou-se que os fatores de risco para a gravidez na adolescência têm suas primeiras relações sexuais entre 15 e 19 anos e não possuem conhecimento sobre as complicações da gravidez na adolescência. A grande maioria dos adolescentes conhecia a idade ideal para engravidar e não considera o aborto como um método contraceptivo. Conclusões: recomenda-se projetar um programa de intervenção educacional para modificar o conhecimento dos adolescentes., Introducción: los adolescentes están biológicamente preparados y culturalmente motivados para iniciar una vida sexual activa, pero son incapaces de analizar las consecuencias de su conducta sexual y tomar decisiones de forma responsable. Objetivo: identificar factores de riesgo que pudieran influir en el embarazo en la adolescencia. Método: se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en la policlínica “Emilio Daudinot en el año 2013. El universo conformado por las embarazadas adolescentes captadas durante ese año (42 casos) y el duplo de adolescentes que nunca estuvieron embarazadas, seleccionadas dos por cada caso (86 controles). Se analizaron variables de conocimientos. La información obtenida de una encuesta previamente validada. Los resultados son expresados en tablas de doble entrada. Se estimaron Odds ratio e Intervalos de Confianza. Resultados: resultaron factores de riesgo para el embarazo en la adolescencia el tener sus primeras relaciones sexuales entre 15 y 19 años y no poseer conocimiento sobre complicaciones del embarazo en la adolescencia. En su gran mayoría las adolescentes conocían la edad óptima para embarazarse y no consideran el aborto como método anticonceptivo. Conclusiones: se recomienda diseñar programa de intervención educativa para modificar el conocimiento de las adolescentes.

Objective: this article analyses two campaigns designed to prevent adolescent pregnancy. The authors aim to clarify the implementation of elements coming from other disciplines such as marketing, and the possible effects in the campaigns’ results, in light of “the social marketing wheel” model. Methodology: reports of qualitative and quantitative studies on the campaigns “Sexo a lo Bien” and “Parents Speak Up!” were studied. Those campaigns were originally implemented in different contexts: one in Colombia and one in the United States. The analysis was carried out by tracking implicit marketing elements in both campaigns, from existing records about them. Results: a lack of coherence between the problems’ definition, the chosen strategy and its execution was evident and affected the expected outcomes in one of the campaigns. The “Parents Speak Up!” campaign achieved important results, because it had a strong theoretical basis, articulated with a well-defined execution for different target focused audiences. The “Sexo a lo Bien” campaign had less effective results. It was too ambitious; it lacked coherence between the aimed problem, an unclear definition of target audience and the content of the messages. Conclusions: Social marketing can offer valuable elements for and educational campaign on adolescent pregnancy to achieve effective results, such as planning, execution and evaluation of the type of product, the target audience and the content of the message., Objetivo: este artigo analisa duas campanhas encaminhadas a prevenir a gravidez na adolescência, visando esclarecer a incorporação de elementos originários de disciplinas como o marketing, e seus possíveis efeitos nos resultados das campanhas, utilizando o modelo de “a roda de marketing social”. Metodologia: revisaram-se relatórios de estudos qualitativos e quantitativos sobre as campanhas “Sexo a lo Bien” e “Parents Speak Up!”, realizadas em dois contextos sociais diferentes: uma foi feita na Colômbia e a outra nos Estados Unidos. A análise foi mediante rastreio de elementos de marketing implícitos nas duas campanhas, com arquivos identificados sobre elas. Resultados: a falta de coerência entre a definição do problema, a estratégia utilizada e a sua execução foi evidente, afetando os resultados esperados em uma das campanhas. A campanha “Parents Speak Up!” obteve resultados importantes, porque teve uma forte base teórica, articulada com uma execução bem definida para diferentes públicos focalizados. A campanha “Sexo a lo Bien” teve resultados menos efetivos por ser uma proposta muito ambiciosa, e por falta de coerência entre a concepção do problema objetivo, uma definição difusa de públicos de interesse e o conteúdo das mensagens. Conclusões: para conseguir resultados efetivos nas campanhas educativas sobre a prevenção da gravidez na adolescência o marketing social pode fornecer elementos relacionado com o processo de planejamento, execução e avaliação do tipo de produto, do público alvo e do conteúdo das mensagens., Objetivos: este artículo analiza dos campañas orientadas a prevenir el embarazo en adolescentes.Métodos: se revisaron informes de estudios cualitativos y cuantitativos sobre las campañas Sexo a lo Bien y ¡Parents Speak Up!, realizadas en dos contextos sociales diferentes, una en Colombia y la otra en Estados Unidos. El procedimiento de análisis permite ilustrar la utilización del esquema de “la rueda del mercadeo social” en cuanto a la planeación, el desarrollo y la evaluación de campañas educativas para prevenir el embarazo en adolescentes.Resultados: se evidencia que la falta de coherencia entre la definición del problema, la estrategia usada y la ejecución de la misma afecta los resultados esperados. La campaña que presenta mejores resultados se basó en un buen respaldo teórico articulado con una ejecución bien definida frente a distintos públicos focalizados. La menor efectividad de resultados en una de las campañas preventivas se debe a la ambiciosa propuesta así como en la falta de coherencia entre la concepción del problema que se enfrenta y la poca claridad en definición de públicos de interés y en el contenido de los mensajes. Conclusiones: para el logro efectivo de resultados en campañas educativas sobre prevención de embarazo en adolescentes, el mercadeo social puede aportar elementos en cuanto a incorporar el proceso de planeación, ejecución y evaluación respecto del tipo de producto, el público y el contenido de los mensajes.

Introducción: La amenaza de parto pre término consiste en la presencia de contracciones regulares después de las 20 y antes de las 37 semanas de gestación Objetivo: Determinar los factores maternos que inciden la amenaza de parto pretérmino en las mujeres gestantes que acuden al Hospital Básico de Yaguachi.Métodos: Sé realizo un Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, y transversal en el Hospital Básico “Dr. José Cevallos Ruiz”, con una muestra de 20 adolescentes de sexo femenino, con el diagnostico amenaza de parto pretérmino, a las que se les aplicó una encuesta que constó con 5 preguntas entre ellas: Edad, educación, domicilio, controles prenatales y patología asociada a su embarazo.Resultados: Predominó el grupo de adolescentes correspondiente a los 17- 19 años con un 65%, instrucción secundaria el 55%, el 80% de las gestantes residía en la zona rural. En cuanto a los controles prenatales el 60% de las adolescentes asistieron de 1 a 4 controles, y el 50% de las adolescentes presentaron como factor de riesgo para la amenaza de parto pretérmino, la rotura prematura de membranas como patología asociada a su embarazo. Conclusiones: El factor materno que predominó fue la rotura prematura de membranas, sin embargo la infección de vías urinarias y los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo, también se encontraron presentes y por ello, la educación prenatal debe ser tomada en gran consideración.

Introduction: The approach to the physiology of pregnancy based on adipokine behavior and the homeostasis-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) model, along with their relationship to neonatal weight, has been poorly studied in adolescent pregnant women.Objective: To determine possible correlations between adipokines –leptin and adiponectin– and HOMA-IR in pregnant women aged 14 to 17 years, and first-trimester body mass index (BMI) and neonatal weight.Materials and methods: In the weeks 11 to 14 of gestation, the biochemical variables leptin, adiponectin, glycemia and insulin were measured and HOMA-IR was calculated. Maternal and neonatal anthropometric variables were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed with Pearson correlation and the p value.Results: We noticed a positive correlation of serum leptin levels with HOMA-IR in the first trimester of gestation (r=0.5, p≤0.000) and a negative correlation between adiponectin and HOMA-IR (r=-0.4; p=0.017), along with positive correlations between BMI and leptin, insulin and HOMA-IR (r=0.83 and p <0.000, r=0.56 and p≤0.000; r=0.54 and p≤0.000, respectively). In adolescent non-obese mothers with no history of dyslipidemia, there was a positive correlation between HOMA-IR and neonatal weight (r=0.43, p=0.012).Conclusions: Leptin and HOMA-IR showed a positive correlation, while adiponectin and HOMA-IR showed a negative correlation. Leptin and HOMA-IR were positively correlated with BMI. HOMA-IR correlated with the weight of neonates of non-obese adolescents without dyslipidemia., Introducción. Poco se ha estudiado en adolescentes gestantes la fisiología del embarazo con respecto al comportamiento de las adipocitocinas y según el modelo homeostático HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) para evaluar la resistencia a la insulina y su relación con el peso del recién nacido.Objetivo. Determinar posibles correlaciones entre las adipocitocinas leptina y adiponectina, y el HOMA-IR en adolescentes gestantes de 14 a 17 años, el índice de masa corporal en el primer trimestre de gestación y el peso del recién nacido.Materiales y métodos. En las semanas 11 a 14 de gestación, se midieron las variables bioquímicas de la leptina y la adiponectina, así como de la glucemia y la insulina, y se calculó el puntaje del HOMA-IR. Se obtuvieron los datos sobre las variables antropométricas de las madres y los recién nacidos. En el análisis estadístico se calcularon la correlación de Pearson y el valor de p. Resultados. Se evidenció una correlación positiva entre los niveles séricos de la leptina y el HOMA-IR en el primer trimestre de gestación (r=0,5; p≤0,000) y una negativa entre la adiponectina y el HOMAIR (r=-0,4; p=0,017), además de correlaciones positivas del índice de masa corporal con la leptina, la insulina y el HOMA-IR (r=0,83 y p<0,000; r=0,56 y p=<0.000, y r=0,54 y p≤0,000, respectivamente). En madres adolescentes sin obesidad ni antecedentes de dislipidemia, se registró una correlación positiva entre la evaluación HOMA-IR y el peso neonatal (r=0,43; p=0,012).Conclusiones. La leptina y el HOMA-IR presentaron una correlación positiva, y la adiponectina y el HOMA-IR, una negativa. La leptina y el HOMA-IR se correlacionaron de manera positiva con el IMC. El HOMA-IR se correlacionó con el peso de los recién nacidos de adolescentes sin obesidad ni dislipidemia.

Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy interrupts a stage that has not yet reached physical and mental maturity, in most cases this occurs in adverse circumstances such as nutritional deficiencies or other diseases. Adolescent pregnancy is a social problem that arises as a result of the absence of opportunities or choices. Objective: To determine the real situation of pregnant adolescents who attend the Hospital General del Sur, Choluteca, Choluteca, in the period of August 2015- August 2016. Methological design: Descriptive study, retrospective, the universe was of 350 patients with diagnosis of pregnancy in adolescence, the estimated sample was of 184 patients with a 95% of IC, being p (50%) with estimated error of 5%, to which we conducted a survey of questions with prior approval through informed consent. Results: A total of 350 patients were evaluated in the established period and it was found that 93.3% of the adolescents studied were between the ages of 15-19 years, with an average age of 17 years, at the same time 100% knew how to read and write. The 70% of the pregnant adolescent have a marital status of free union. As far as the personal pathological history was found that the 83.4% do not suffer any underlying condition. At the same time the pathologies that were most evidence are Urinary tract infections 46%, Anemia 20%, Miscarriage threat 16.7%. Regarding their toxic habits, 100% deny having consumed alcohol or tobacco in the last 6 months. Similarly, 100% deny a family history of pre-eclampsia, eclampsia or obesity. Conclusion: The study confirms that pregnancy in adolescents continues to occur in our society, the proportion of adolescent pregnancy with respect to non-adolescent pregnancy is 13.2% of pregnant adolescents and 93.4% are primigravida, Introducción: El embarazo en la adolescencia interrumpe una etapa en la cual no se ha alcanzado la madurez física y mental, en la mayoría de las ocasiones este se da en circunstancias adversas como son las carencias nutricionales u otras enfermedades. El embarazo adolescente es un problema social que surge como resultado de la ausencia de oportunidades o elecciones. Objetivo: Determinar la situación real de las adolescentes embarazadas que asistieron al Hospital General del Sur, Choluteca, en el periodo de Agosto 2015- Agosto 2016. Diseño metodológico: Estudio, Descriptivo, retrospectivo, universo de 350 pacientes con diagnostico de embarazo en adolescencia, se estimo una muestra de 184 pacientes con un 95% de IC, siendo p (50%) con error de estimación de 5%, misma a la que se le aplico un instrumento tipo cuestionario con previa autorización a través del consentimiento informado. Resultados: El 93.3% de la población estudiada está entre las edades de 15-19 años, con un promedio de edad de 17 años, a su vez en su totalidad el 100% sabe leer y escribir, en el 70% su estado civil es la unión libre. En cuanto a los antecedentes personales patológicos se encontró en su mayoría que el 83.4% no padece ninguna patología de base, a su vez las patologías que más se evidenciaron fueron: 46.6% Infección del tracto urinario, 20% Anemia y 16.7%. Amenaza de aborto. Respecto a sus hábitos tóxicos el 100% niega haber consumido alcohol o tabaco en los últimos 6 meses. De igual forma el 100% niega antecedentes familiares patológicos de pre-eclampsia, eclampsia u obesidad. Conclusión: Se confirma que el embarazo en la adolescente sigue sucediendo en nuestra sociedad, la proporción de embarazos adolescentes con respecto a embarazo no adolescente es de 13.2% de adolescentes embarazadas y el 93.4% son primigesta.

Objective. Describe the meaning of parenting as a teenager.Methods. Study of the qualitative approach with phenomenological approach in the fourth village of San Cristobal (Bogotá, Colombia). The information was obtained by means of semi-structed interviews, participant observation, photos, daily and focal groups field. The information analysis was performed using the phenomenological method of Amadeo Giorgi.Results. The meaning of their parenthood in the adolescentsrevealed five units of sense: emotional ambivalence, paternity as a process of learning, changes in lifestyle, making a life project and support networks. Conclusion. Teenage fatherhood was interpreted by the participants as a positive change and assumed a patriarchal perspective.Descriptors: paternity; pregnancy in adolescence; community health nursing; qualitative research (source: MeSH-NCBI)., Objetivo. Descrever os significados de ser padre sendo adolescente. Métodos. Estudo de enfoque qualitativo com abordagem fenomenológico realizado na Localidade Cuarta de San Cristóbal (Bogotá, Colômbia). A informação se obteve mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação participante, fotografias, grupos focais e diários de campo. A análise da informação se realizou mediante o método fenomenológico de Amadeo Giorgi. Resultados. Os significados da sua paternidade nos adolescentes revelaram cinco unidades de sentido: ambivalência emocional, paternidade como processo de aprendizagem, mudança no estilo de vida, formação de projeto de vida, e redes de apoio. Conclusão. A paternidade adolescente foi interpretada pelos participantes como uma mudança positiva e é assumida desde uma visão patriarcal., Objetivo. Describir los significados de ser padre desde la visión del adolescente mismo. Métodos. Estudio de enfoque cualitativo con abordaje fenomenológico realizado en la Localidad Cuarta de San Cristóbal (Bogotá, Colombia). La información se obtuvo mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, observación participante, fotografías, grupos focales y diarios de campo. El análisis de la información se realizó mediante el método fenomenológico de Amadeo Giorgi. Resultados. Los significados de la paternidad en los adolescentes develaron cinco unidades de sentido: ambivalencia emocional, paternidad como proceso de aprendizaje, cambios en estilo de vida, formación de proyecto de vida, y redes de apoyo. Conclusión. La paternidad adolescente fue interpretada por los participantes como un cambio positivo y es asumida desde una visión patriarcal.

A case-control study was carried out to identify risk factors for pregnancy in adolescence in the polyclinic "Emilio Daudinot in 2013. The universe: pregnant teenagers captured during that year (42 cases) and the double of adolescents who never were pregnant, selected for each case (86 controls). Variables were analyzed. The information obtained from a previously validated survey. The results are expressed in double-entry tables. Odds ratios and Confidence Intervals were estimated. Risk factors for pregnancy in adolescence were having their first sexual intercourse between the ages of 15 and 19 not having knowledge about complications of pregnancy in adolescence. Most adolescents knew the optimal age to get pregnant and did not consider abortion as a contraceptive method. It is recommended to design an educational intervention program to modify the knowledge of adolescents., Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles para identificar factores de riesgo, del embarazo en la adolescencia en la policlínica “Emilio Daudinot en el año 2013. El universo: las embarazadas adolescentes captadas durante ese año (42casos) y el duplo de adolescentes que nunca estuvieron embarazadas, seleccionadas dos por cada caso (86 controles). Se analizaron variables de conocimientos. La información obtenida de una encuesta previamente validada. Los resultados son expresados en tablas de doble entrada. Se estimaron odds ratio e Intervalos de Confianza. Resultaron factores de riesgo para el embarazo en la adolescencia el tener sus primeras relaciones sexuales entre 15 y 19 años y no poseer conocimiento sobre complicaciones del embarazo en la adolescencia. En su gran mayoría las adolescentes conocían la edad óptima para embarazarse y no consideran el aborto como método anticonceptivo. Se recomienda diseñar programa de intervención educativa para modificar el conocimiento de las adolescentes.

Objetivos Determinar si existe asociación entre la exposición a violencia, experimentada a nivel individual o municipal, y el embarazo adolescente en mujeres Colombianas entre 13 y 19 años de edad que contestaron la Encuesta de Demografía y Salud en el año 2010. Métodos Estudio de corte transversal, nacional y multinivel. Se tomaron datos de dos niveles jerárquicos: Nivel- 1: Datos individuales de una muestra representativa de 13.313 mujeres entre 13 y 19 años de edad provenientes de La Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud del año 2010 y Nivel- 2: Datos municipales de 258 municipios provenientes de las estadísticas vitales del DANE. Resultados La prevalencia del embarazo adolescente fue del 16.8% IC 95% [16.2-17.4]. El análisis mostró que la asociación entre embarazo adolescente y violencia tanto individual, representada como violencia sexual [OR= 6.99 IC99% 4.80-10.10] y violencia física [OR= 1.74 IC99% 1.47-2.05] así como la violencia municipal medida con tasas de homicidios altas [OR= 1.99 IC99% 1.29-3.07] y muy altas [OR= 2.10 IC99% 1.21-3.61] se mantuvo estadísticamente significativa después de ajustar por las variables: Edad [OR= 1.81 IC99% 1.71-1.91], ocupación [OR= 1.62 IC99% 1.37-1.93], educación primaria o sin educación [OR= 2.20 IC99% 1.47-3.30], educación secundaria [OR= 1.70 IC99% 1.24-2.32], asistir al colegio [OR= 0.18 IC99% 0.15-0.21], conocimiento en la fisiología reproductiva [OR= 1.28 IC99% 1.06-1.54], el índice de riqueza Q1, Q2, Q3 [OR= 2.18 IC99% 1.42-3.34], [OR= 2.00 IC99% 1.39-2.28], [OR= 1.82 IC99% 1.92-2.25] y alto porcentaje de Necesidades básicas insatisfechas a nivel municipal [OR= 2.34 IC99% 1.55-3.52]. Conclusiones Este estudio mostró una relación significativamente estadística entre la violencia sexual y física con el inicio de relaciones sexuales y embarazo adolescente después de controlar por factores sociodemográficos y conocimientos en reproducción sexual en mujeres colombianas de 13 a 19 años en el año 2010. Esta asociación de, Objectives Determine the association between exposure to violence, experienced individual or municipal level and adolescent pregnancy in Colombian between 13 to 19 years old, who responded the National Demography and Health survey en 2010. Methods Multilevel, national and cross- sectional study, with two hierarchic levels. Level – 1 registers of a 13313 representative simple women between 13 to 19 years old. who responded the National Demography and Health survey en 2010. Level-2 violence data of 258 municipalities in Colombia from DANE vital stadistics. Results The prevalence of teenage pregnancy was 16.8% IC 95% [16.2-17.4].. The analysis showed that the association between adolescent pregnancy and violence both individually, represented as sexual violence [OR = 6.99 IC99% 4.80-10.10] and physical violence [OR = 1.74 IC99% 1.47-2.05] as well as the municipality violence represented in rates highest homicide [OR = 1.99 IC99% 1.29-3.07] and very high [OR = 2.10 IC99% 1.21-3.61] remained statistically significant after adjusting for the variables: age [OR = 1.81 IC99% 1.71-1.91] occupation [ OR = 1.62 IC99% 1.37-1.93], primary or no education [OR = 2.20 IC99% 1.47-3.30], secondary education [OR = 1.70 IC99% 1.24-2.32], attending school [OR = 0.18 IC99% 0.15- 0.21], knowledgement on ovulatory cicle [OR = 1.28 IC99% 1.06-1.54], wealth index Q1, Q2, Q3 [OR = 2.18 IC99% 1.42-3.34], [OR = 2.00 IC99% 1.39-2.28] [OR = 1.82 IC99% 1.92-2.25] and high percentage of unsatisfied basic needs at the municipality level [OR = 2.34 IC99% 1.55-3.52]. Conclusions This study showed a statistically significant relationship between sexual and physical violence with the onset sexual intercourse and adolescent pregnancy after controlling for socio-demographic factors and knowledge in sexual reproduction in Colombian women from 13 to 19 years in 2010. This association should continue to be studied to optimize prevention strategies and reduce the current rate of adolescent pregnancy in the co

La labor extensionista de las universidades cubanas ha sido sistemática y profunda a través de los últimos años en aras de lograr intervenir educativamente en los aspectos sociales que pueden dañar la salud de la comunidad, la familia, el individuo y el medio ambiente; por ello se desarrolla un conjunto de acciones educativas en un área comunitaria del Policlínico Universitario “Juan Bruno Zayas” del municipio Cifuentes en la provincia Villa Clara, con el objetivo de mejorar no solo la situación relacionada con el embarazo en la adolescencia sino que también se trata de influir en el fortalecimiento de valores en estudiantes y profesores implicados en su desarrollo.

Introducción: El embarazo adolescente es un problema de salud pública que representa una situación que posiciona la vida de la adolescente en una condición de particular vulnerabilidad no solo biomédica, sino también social, siendo particularmente importante la estigmatización hacia la adolescente embarazada. Objetivo: Evaluar psicométricamente un instrumento destinado a cuantificar la estigmatización de la adolescente embarazada. Diseño: Estudio transversal. Lugar: Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Adolescente puérperas. Intervenciones: Se estudió 292 adolescente puérperas atendidas durante los meses de enero a mayo del 2010.Se usó la Escala de Estigmatización de la Adolescente Embarazada (EEAA), la cual está compuesta de 7 ítems. Para la construcción teórica de la escala, se asumió dos entidades sociales promotoras de la estigmatización: la familia y el entorno social. Para evaluar la predictibilidad de la EEAE se trabajó con la siguiente hipótesis: los mayores niveles de estigmatización están asociados a un menor autoconcepto de la adolescente como madre. Principales medidas de resultados: Coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach, medias, T de student. Resultados: El análisis psicométrico de la EEAE reveló un coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,78, con dos dimensiones que explicaron el 65,8% de la varianza total. Conclusiones: Se probó la hipótesis planteada: un menor autoconcepto de la adolescente como madre está asociado significativamente a mayores puntajes en la EEAE (p<0,05). La EEAE presentó consistencia alta. Además existió una asociación con un menor autoconcepto materno, por lo que se considera una escala confiable y válida para su uso en adolescentes embarazadas.

Objective: This study aimed to learn about experiences of postpartum teens in the first contact with their baby in the delivery room. Methodology: This was a study of qualitative approach and descriptive type. It is a cutting of the multicenter research Humanized Attention to Adolescents Childbirth. Ten adolescent puerperae who had their deliveries at the participant hospital of the research were the sample of this study during period from November 2008 to November 2009. For analysis, data hematic analysis was used (10). Results: After analyzing data we obtained two themes: The contact between mother and baby in delivery room and The actions held in the delivery room to stimulate the mother-baby bound. It was found that for some adolescent mothers, first contact with the baby was in the delivery room and the action more prominent in the delivery room to stimulate the mother’s bound with her baby was breastfeeding, Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer as experiências das puérperas adolescentes sobre o primeiro contato com seu bebê na sala de parto. Metodologia: De abordagem qualitativa e caráter descritivo, tratase de recorte da pesquisa multicêntrica Atenção Humanizada ao Parto de Adolescentes. Fizeram parte deste estudo dez puérperas adolescentes que tiveram seus partos no hospital participante da pesquisa no período de novembro de 2008 a novembro de 2009. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizada a análise temática (10).Resultados: Após análise dos dados obteve-se dois temas: O contato entre mãe-bebê na sala de partoe As ações realizadas na sala de parto para o estímulo ao vínculo mãe-bebê. Constatou-se que para algumas mães adolescentes o primeiro contato com o bebê ocorreu na sala de parto e a ação de mais destaque na sala de parto para estimular o vínculo da mãe com seu bebê foi a amamentação, Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo aprender acerca de las experiencias de las adolescentes puérperas sobre el primer contacto con su bebé en la sala de partos. Metodología: Estudio de abordaje cualitativo y carácter descriptivo. Se trató de una investigación de corte multi-céntrico de la Atención Humanizada al Parto de Adolescentes. En este estudio tomaron parte diez puérperas adolescentes que tu-vieron sus partos en el hospital participante en la investigación durante el período de noviembre de 2008 a noviembre de 2009. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó el análisis te-mático (10). Resultados: Después del análisis de los datos, se obtuvieron dos temas: El contacto entre la madre y el bebé en la sala de partos y Acciones mantenidas en la sala de parto para estimular el vínculo madre-bebé. Se encontró que para algunas madres adolescentes el primer contacto con el bebé estaba en la sala de partos y que la acción más destacada para estimular el vínculo de la madre con su bebé fue la lactancia materna.

To evaluate the association between adolescence and cesarean section in women aged 10-19 years compared with those found in ages between 19 and 25 years, patients in a hospital, and determine its association with sociodemographic variables and neonatal in terms of prematurity, and Apgar low birth weight. Materials and Methods: a case-control study was performed using a simple random sampling, considering the calculation of a statistical sample. a total of 1,304 cases and 2,608 controls were included. First time mom patients treated at an institution x over a period of three years, to determine associations of risk through analysis of hypothesis testing is included. Results: the risk of caesarean section in teenagers is (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.51). In addition, it was determined that there is an increased risk of low birth weight (OR 9.4, 95% CI 7.59 to 11.76), with no difference in adolescents in the risk of Apgar down score at minute and 5 minutes later. Conclusion: there is an increased risk of low birth weight and require termination of pregnancy via cesarean in adolescents compared to young adults, especially if they are under 14. It is necessary to promote campaigns to prevent teenage pregnancy, as the main measure of control over these population., Objetivo: avaliar a associação entre a adolescência ea cesariana em mulheres com idade entre 10 a 19 anos, em comparação com aqueles encontrados na faixa etária entre 19 e 25 anos, servido em um hospital, e determinar associação STI com variáveis neonatais e sociodemográficos em termos de prematuridade, Apgar e baixo peso ao nascer. Materiais e Métodos: um estudo de caso-controle foi realizado utilizando amostragem aleatória simples, Considerando o cálculo de uma amostra estatística. Um total de 1.304 casos e 2.608 controles foram incluídos. Primigestas pacientes tratados em uma instituição x ao longo de um período de três anos, para determinar associações de risco através da análise dos testes de hipóteses está incluído. Resultados: o risco de cesariana em adolescentes é (ou CI 1,13, 95% 1,10-1,51). Além disso, determinou-se que há um aumento do risco de baixo peso ao nascer (OR 9,4, IC 95% 7,59-11,76), não havendo diferença em adolescentes no risco de baixo índice de Apgar no minuto 5 minutos. Conclusão: há um aumento do risco de baixo peso ao nascer e exigem a interrupção da gravidez através de cesariana em adolescentes em comparação com adultos jovens, especialmente se eles estão sob 14. É necessário promover campanhas de prevenção da gravidez na adolescência, como a principal medida de controle sobre a população, Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre adolescencia y la realización de cesárea en mujeres de 10 a 19 años, en comparación con las que se encuentran en edades entre 19 y 25 años, atendidas en un hospital X, y determinar su asociación con variables sociodemográficas y neonatales en términos de prematurez, Apgar y bajo peso al nacer. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio de casos y controles, mediante un muestreo simple aleatorio, teniendo en cuenta el cálculo de una muestra estadística. Se incluyeron un total de 1.304 casos y 2.608 controles. Se incluyeron pacientes primigestantes atendidas en una institución x en un período de tres años, para determinar asociaciones de riesgo mediante análisis de contraste de hipótesis. Resultados: el riesgo de cesárea en adolescentes es de (OR 1,13, IC 95% 1,10-1,51). Además, se determinó que en las adolescentes existe un riesgo mayor de bajo peso al nacer (OR 9,4, IC 95% 7,59-11,76), sin diferencia en cuanto al riesgo de Apgar bajo al minuto y los 5 minutos. Conclusión: existe un mayor riesgo de presentar bajo peso neonatal y requerir terminación de la gestación por vía cesárea en adolescentes, en comparación con las adultas jóvenes, especialmente si son menores de 14 años. Se requiere promover campañas para evitar el embarazo adolescente, como principal medida de control sobre esta población

Objective. To identify the perception of the teenager puerperasregarding the practice of episiotomy. Methodology. This is a studywith qualitative nature developed with 11 teenage puerperas inthe Obstetrics Unit of one hospital located in the metropolitanregion of São Paulo, Brazil. Results. Teens knew of the existenceof episiotomy, but they unaware the reasons for its realization.Pain, discomfort and burning were negative repercussionspresented, but most of them believe that assisted procedure intheir delivery showing confidence in the professional who carriedit out. Conclusion. Adolescents have different perceptions on thepractice of the episiotomy, ranging from resignation to outrage.Key words: episiotomy; pregnancy in adolescence; humanizingdelivery; obstetrical nursing., Objetivo. Identificar a percepção de puérperas adolescentes com relação à prática da episiotomia. Metodologia. Estudo de natureza qualitativa desenvolvido com 11 puérperas adolescentes em Unidade de Obstetrícia de hospital localizado na região metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. Resultados. As adolescentes sabia da existência da episiotomia, porém desconhecia os motivos de sua realização. Dor, incômodo e ardência foram as repercussões negativas apresentadas, porém grande parte acredita que o procedimento auxiliou em seu parto demonstrando confiança no profissional que o realizou. Conclusão. As adolescentes apresentaram percepções diversas diante da prática da episiotomia, variando do conformismo à indignação., Objetivo. Identificar la percepción de puérperas adolescentes con relación a la práctica de la episiotomía. Metodología. Estudio cualitativo en el que se hicieron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 11 puérperas adolescentes en la Unidad de Obstetricia de un hospital localizado en la región metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. Los datos fueron sometidos a la técnica de análisis de contenido. Resultados. Las adolescentes sabían de la existencia de la episiotomía pero desconocían los motivos para su realización. Aunque el dolor, la incomodidad y el ardor representaron repercusiones negativas, manifestaron que el procedimiento ayudó al nacimiento y que tuvieron confianza en el profesional que lo llevó a cabo. Conclusión. Los adolescentes tenían diferentes percepciones sobre la práctica de la episiotomía, que van desde la resignación a las repercusiones físicas a las de indignación

In order to compare the prevalence of unplanned pregnancy with a similar study realized in 2006, we did a comparative, analytical and descriptive study at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital of the City of Cuenca - Ecuador, through the modality of surveys and informed consent of the respondents. The women surveyed were selected by random mode, based on the number of pregnancies attended in 2012, which was 6880, the sample of this study was obtained with a CI: 95% and an error of 4.47%, a sample of 395 women who did answer the validated survey. As results of our study, we obtained that 20% of the sample was adolescent and 58% were between ages 20 and 35years, regarding instruction only 2% had no formal education, while encouraging 60% overshoot basic education, reaching 14% to third level, whether ongoing or culminated. The predominant religion in the sample was the Catholic religion with 69%, also is important to say that in the sample the 77%, have their religion on ranges as important or very important, being this not a factor directly related to the unplanned pregnancies. The main risk factors, which we identified were: The adolescence is a predetermining factor to unplanned pregnancies, with a P <0.05 demonstrating a significant relationship, in the same way age of Sexual Active Life Start, becomes risk factor, women who started before the age of 18, are more exposed, with a statistical value of P <0.05. In the same area, we found in our study, a statistically significant relationship between the number of sexual partners reported by respondents and unplanned pregnancies, so those who have remained in their sex life more than two partners, are exposed to an increased risk of unplanned pregnancies, P <0.05. Compared to the previous study, we found a decrease in unplanned pregnancy 67.9% vs 58%, with similar socio-demographic characteristics. We also found that in our study only 36% didn´t used a contraceptive method, this is lower than the 88.9% that were found i

Objective: To investigate about the use of birth control by teenagers who have just given birth, to relate their lack of use with teenage pregnancy.Method: Transversal descriptive research, made by a structured instrument with 181 teenagers who had just given birth in the hospital that participated in the investigation. The data was collected since December 2008 to December 2009 period.Results: 64,1% of the teenagers who had just given birth used some contraceptive method prior to their pregnancy; the most used methods were oral birth control pills (51%) and male preservative (29%). For the 75% of the teenagers their pregnancy was planned and justified by the desire and will of experimenting motherhood. Conclusion: Considering that almost half of the interviewed teenagers wanted to get pregnant, it is deduced that investigation of only the use of contraceptives it is not appropriate. It is necessary to make deeper investigations about the meaning of being a mother during adolescence, Objetivo: Averiguar a utilização dos métodos contraceptivos pelas puérperas adolescentes a fim de relacionar o seu (des)uso com a gravidez na adolescência .Método: Estudo transversal, descritivo, realizado por meio de instrumento estruturado com 181 puérperas adolescentes que tiveram seus partos no hospital participante da pesquisa. Os dados foram coletados no período de dezembro de 2008 a dezembro de 2009.Resultados: 64,1% das puérperas faziam uso de algum método contraceptivo antes de ficarem grávidas e os métodos mais utilizados foram anticoncepcional oral 51% e o preservativo masculino 29%. Para 75% das adolescentes a gravidez foi planejada e justificada pelo desejo e a vontade própria de vivenciar a maternidade. Conclusão: Considerando que quase metade das adolescentes entrevistadas desejavam a gestação, aponta-se que pesquisar e discutir apenas o uso ou não dos métodos contraceptivos não é adequado. É necessário aprofundar as investigações acerca dos significados de ser mãe na adolescência, Objetivo: Indagar el uso de métodos contraceptivos por las puérperas adolescentes a fin de relacionar su (des)uso con el embarazo en la adolescencia. Método: Estudio transversal, descriptivo, realizado por medio de un instrumento estructurado con 181 puérperas adolescentes que tuvieron sus partos en el hospital participante de la investigación. Los datos fueron recolectados en el período de diciembre de 2008 a diciembre de 2009. Resultados: El 64,1% de las puérperas usaba algún método contraceptivo antes del embarazo; los métodos más utilizados fueron el anticoncepcional oral (51%) y el preservativo masculino (29%). Para el 75% de las adolescentes el embarazo fue planeado y justificado por el deseo y la voluntad propia de experimentar la maternidad. Conclusión: Considerando que casi la mitad de las adolescentes entrevistadas deseaba el embarazo, se deduce que investigar y discutir apenas el uso o no de los métodos contraceptivos no es adecuado. Es necesario profundizar las investigaciones acerca de los significados de ser madre en la adolescencia

Se diseñó un estudio analítico, retrospectivo, observacional, caso control para establecer la relación entre la anemia en gestantes menores a 20 años y bajo peso del recién nacido. Se utilizó como población de estudio un total de 658 recién nacidos atendidos en el hospital materno-infantil Mariana de Jesús desde julio a diciembre de 2012, y mediante criterios de inclusión y exclusión se obtuvo una muestra de 250 en donde se analizaron 104 neonatos. Los datos se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas y registros de partos y se los analizó con las siguientes variables: peso del recién nacido y hemoglobina materna. El peso del recién nacido fue clasificado en: bajo < 2 500 g y normopeso: > 2 500 – 4 000 g. La hemoglobina materna clasificada en: baja < 11 g/dl; normal entre 11 – 12 g/dl y alta > 12 g/dl, obtenidos en su control prenatal en un lapso no mayor de tres meses. Se analizaron los datos recolectados y estos muestran que hay 52 neonatos con bajo peso, y que el porcentaje de gestantes anémicas es de 18 %; el grupo etario predominante fue de 16 a 19 años; finalmente se determinó el odds ratio OR: 0,22, por lo que pensamos hay que buscar otros factores que puedan tener una mayor asociación al bajo peso del recién nacido en este grupo etario.

Background: Adolescence is a stage of life that involves physical and psychosocial changes; the prevalence of pregnancy at this stage is high. Objective: To identify biological, psychological and social impact of teen pregnancy attending the Misereor Gualaquiza Hospital belonging to the Canton Gualaquiza 2014. Methods: The qualitative and quantitative research is the descriptive type of study is the universe consisted of 88 pregnant adolescents who attended the Canton Hospital Gualaquiza Misereor. The quantitative research techniques were interview, document review and qualitative focus group 30 participants, the instruments were registration form, interview, and focus group. Results: In this study we report the biological, psychological and social impacts 86.4 % of pregnancies were between the ages of 16 to 19 years, the predisposing factors were: unprotected sex 80.7 % , 10.2 % sexual abuse , lack of information sexuality 54.5 % 26.1 % early menarche , Home early Active sex Life 5.7 % ; Social impacts were that 30.7% of pregnant teenagers left school , 34.1 % were housewives, the most common biological impacts Urinary Tract Infections in the mother 58 % and 23.9 % underweight children ; the psychological impact , 37.5 had low self-esteem, 48.9 % of the pregnancy was unwanted. Conclusions: Adolescent pregnancy produces social impacts as school dropouts, low income, biologics impacts as Urinary Tract Infections, and bleeding, psychological impacts such as low self-esteem.

Background: Sexual myths are still present in society, and some of them are known as such, but others are not so clear causing misinformation. Objective: To determine the myths and beliefs about sexuality among adolescents in Baños city of Cuenca. Methodology: A descriptive study to determine the myths and beliefs about adolescent sexuality Baños city of Cuenca in a sample of 337 people between 12 and 18 years old; direct interview techniques and surveys were conducted using a structured form, consent from parents and assent from the study group. Results: The highest number of students is between 12-14 years with 42.7% with 51.6% of female participants. Teens believe that having sex is good for health (57%); first intercourse is painful (57.6%); the man must have their first sex with experienced women (36.8%); condoms protect from all STDs (53.4%); homosexuality is a disease (35.9%), and masturbation is a social problem (31.5%) and myths: the woman is a virgin as long as blood in their first sexual intercourse (63.8%); oral sex protects against sexually transmitted diseases (39.2%); You can get pregnant if you have intercourse during menstruation (32.6%); sterility contraceptives (39.2%); contraceptives weight gain (54%) and female masturbation (48.1%). Conclusions: The prevalence of myths and beliefs in the adolescent population is high Baños.

Background: Adolescence is a stage of life that involves physical and psychosocial changes; the prevalence of pregnancy at this stage is high. Objective: To identify biological, psychological and social impact of teen pregnancy attending the Misereor Gualaquiza Hospital belonging to the Canton Gualaquiza 2014. Methods: The qualitative and quantitative research is the descriptive type of study is the universe consisted of 88 pregnant adolescents who attended the Canton Hospital Gualaquiza Misereor. The quantitative research techniques were interview, document review and qualitative focus group 30 participants, the instruments were registration form, interview, and focus group. Results: In this study we report the biological, psychological and social impacts 86.4 % of pregnancies were between the ages of 16 to 19 years, the predisposing factors were: unprotected sex 80.7 % , 10.2 % sexual abuse , lack of information sexuality 54.5 % 26.1 % early menarche , Home early Active sex Life 5.7 % ; Social impacts were that 30.7% of pregnant teenagers left school , 34.1 % were housewives, the most common biological impacts Urinary Tract Infections in the mother 58 % and 23.9 % underweight children ; the psychological impact , 37.5 had low self-esteem, 48.9 % of the pregnancy was unwanted. Conclusions: Adolescent pregnancy produces social impacts as school dropouts, low income, biologics impacts as Urinary Tract Infections, and bleeding, psychological impacts such as low self-esteem.

Background: Sexual myths are still present in society, and some of them are known as such, but others are not so clear causing misinformation. Objective: To determine the myths and beliefs about sexuality among adolescents in Baños city of Cuenca. Methodology: A descriptive study to determine the myths and beliefs about adolescent sexuality Baños city of Cuenca in a sample of 337 people between 12 and 18 years old; direct interview techniques and surveys were conducted using a structured form, consent from parents and assent from the study group. Results: The highest number of students is between 12-14 years with 42.7% with 51.6% of female participants. Teens believe that having sex is good for health (57%); first intercourse is painful (57.6%); the man must have their first sex with experienced women (36.8%); condoms protect from all STDs (53.4%); homosexuality is a disease (35.9%), and masturbation is a social problem (31.5%) and myths: the woman is a virgin as long as blood in their first sexual intercourse (63.8%); oral sex protects against sexually transmitted diseases (39.2%); You can get pregnant if you have intercourse during menstruation (32.6%); sterility contraceptives (39.2%); contraceptives weight gain (54%) and female masturbation (48.1%). Conclusions: The prevalence of myths and beliefs in the adolescent population is high Baños.

Background: Adolescence is a stage of life that involves physical and psychosocial changes; the prevalence of pregnancy at this stage is high. Objective: To identify biological, psychological and social impact of teen pregnancy attending the Misereor Gualaquiza Hospital belonging to the Canton Gualaquiza 2014. Methods: The qualitative and quantitative research is the descriptive type of study is the universe consisted of 88 pregnant adolescents who attended the Canton Hospital Gualaquiza Misereor. The quantitative research techniques were interview, document review and qualitative focus group 30 participants, the instruments were registration form, interview, and focus group. Results: In this study we report the biological, psychological and social impacts 86.4 % of pregnancies were between the ages of 16 to 19 years, the predisposing factors were: unprotected sex 80.7 % , 10.2 % sexual abuse , lack of information sexuality 54.5 % 26.1 % early menarche , Home early Active sex Life 5.7 % ; Social impacts were that 30.7% of pregnant teenagers left school , 34.1 % were housewives, the most common biological impacts Urinary Tract Infections in the mother 58 % and 23.9 % underweight children ; the psychological impact , 37.5 had low self-esteem, 48.9 % of the pregnancy was unwanted. Conclusions: Adolescent pregnancy produces social impacts as school dropouts, low income, biologics impacts as Urinary Tract Infections, and bleeding, psychological impacts such as low self-esteem.

Background: Sexual myths are still present in society, and some of them are known as such, but others are not so clear causing misinformation. Objective: To determine the myths and beliefs about sexuality among adolescents in Baños city of Cuenca. Methodology: A descriptive study to determine the myths and beliefs about adolescent sexuality Baños city of Cuenca in a sample of 337 people between 12 and 18 years old; direct interview techniques and surveys were conducted using a structured form, consent from parents and assent from the study group. Results: The highest number of students is between 12-14 years with 42.7% with 51.6% of female participants. Teens believe that having sex is good for health (57%); first intercourse is painful (57.6%); the man must have their first sex with experienced women (36.8%); condoms protect from all STDs (53.4%); homosexuality is a disease (35.9%), and masturbation is a social problem (31.5%) and myths: the woman is a virgin as long as blood in their first sexual intercourse (63.8%); oral sex protects against sexually transmitted diseases (39.2%); You can get pregnant if you have intercourse during menstruation (32.6%); sterility contraceptives (39.2%); contraceptives weight gain (54%) and female masturbation (48.1%). Conclusions: The prevalence of myths and beliefs in the adolescent population is high Baños.

In order to compare the prevalence of unplanned pregnancy with a similar study realized in 2006, we did a comparative, analytical and descriptive study at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital of the City of Cuenca - Ecuador, through the modality of surveys and informed consent of the respondents. The women surveyed were selected by random mode, based on the number of pregnancies attended in 2012, which was 6880, the sample of this study was obtained with a CI: 95% and an error of 4.47%, a sample of 395 women who did answer the validated survey. As results of our study, we obtained that 20% of the sample was adolescent and 58% were between ages 20 and 35years, regarding instruction only 2% had no formal education, while encouraging 60% overshoot basic education, reaching 14% to third level, whether ongoing or culminated. The predominant religion in the sample was the Catholic religion with 69%, also is important to say that in the sample the 77%, have their religion on ranges as important or very important, being this not a factor directly related to the unplanned pregnancies. The main risk factors, which we identified were: The adolescence is a predetermining factor to unplanned pregnancies, with a P <0.05 demonstrating a significant relationship, in the same way age of Sexual Active Life Start, becomes risk factor, women who started before the age of 18, are more exposed, with a statistical value of P <0.05. In the same area, we found in our study, a statistically significant relationship between the number of sexual partners reported by respondents and unplanned pregnancies, so those who have remained in their sex life more than two partners, are exposed to an increased risk of unplanned pregnancies, P <0.05. Compared to the previous study, we found a decrease in unplanned pregnancy 67.9% vs 58%, with similar socio-demographic characteristics. We also found that in our study only 36% didn´t used a contraceptive method, this is lower than the 88.9% that were found i

In order to compare the prevalence of unplanned pregnancy with a similar study realized in 2006, we did a comparative, analytical and descriptive study at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital of the City of Cuenca - Ecuador, through the modality of surveys and informed consent of the respondents. The women surveyed were selected by random mode, based on the number of pregnancies attended in 2012, which was 6880, the sample of this study was obtained with a CI: 95% and an error of 4.47%, a sample of 395 women who did answer the validated survey. As results of our study, we obtained that 20% of the sample was adolescent and 58% were between ages 20 and 35years, regarding instruction only 2% had no formal education, while encouraging 60% overshoot basic education, reaching 14% to third level, whether ongoing or culminated. The predominant religion in the sample was the Catholic religion with 69%, also is important to say that in the sample the 77%, have their religion on ranges as important or very important, being this not a factor directly related to the unplanned pregnancies. The main risk factors, which we identified were: The adolescence is a predetermining factor to unplanned pregnancies, with a P <0.05 demonstrating a significant relationship, in the same way age of Sexual Active Life Start, becomes risk factor, women who started before the age of 18, are more exposed, with a statistical value of P <0.05. In the same area, we found in our study, a statistically significant relationship between the number of sexual partners reported by respondents and unplanned pregnancies, so those who have remained in their sex life more than two partners, are exposed to an increased risk of unplanned pregnancies, P <0.05. Compared to the previous study, we found a decrease in unplanned pregnancy 67.9% vs 58%, with similar socio-demographic characteristics. We also found that in our study only 36% didn´t used a contraceptive method, this is lower than the 88.9% that were found i

Introduction. This article presents some aspects that characterize adolescents from commune 6 of Medellin, between the ages of 10 and 19 years old, after receiving training in sexual and reproductive health in the Health Center Picachito, became pregnant. Objective. To determine some characteristics of this population and provide elements that can help to improve the impact of these programs, for better effectiveness in them, because of the objective of reducing teen pregnancy. Method. Retrospective descriptive study that take records from family planning program from health center Picachito ESE Metrosalud from January to December 2012, telephone surveys for teenagers under investigation Results. A total of 38 surveys of 217 records database, in which inquired about aspects such as study level, emotional support, financial, family planning and pregnancy rate among others. As for the reason of pregnancy was found that 73.7% of teenage sought a pregnancy, 89.5% of adolescents has a incomplete secondary level study, 42.1% have financial and emotional support from your partner and 81.6% have home as current activity. Conclusions. After the analysis of the different variables, we found that beyond the socioeconomic characteristics of this group of teenagers, which are clearly generating much of this problem, there is a need for programs that manage to develop strategies, enabling, beyond giving adequate information and guidance, impact and create change in the behavior of this population, in the management of their sexuality and life projects, which is also expressed in studies to measure the impact of the program, where it is mentioned that there is a high level of satisfaction of the users of the program and progress was made on the issue of contraception in adolescents, but not show changes in attitude of the population, which put at risk the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents., Introdução. O artigo apresenta alguns aspectos que caracterizam adolescentes comuna seis Medellín, entre as idades de 10 e 19 anos de idade, depois de ter recebido treinamento em clínica de saúde sexual e reprodutiva Picachito, ficou grávida. Objetivo: determinar algumas características desta população e fornecer elementos que podem ajudar a melhorar o impacto desses programas, para melhor eficácia neles, porque o objetivo de reduzir a gravidez na adolescência. Método: registros de programas de estudo descritivo e retrospectivo que tomam centro de saúde de planejamento familiar Picachito ESE Metrosalud de janeiro a dezembro de 2012, para pesquisas por telefone adolescentes sob investigação. Resultados: 38 pesquisas de banco de dados 217 registros, onde cerca de questões como em nível de estudo, emocional, econômico, o planejamento familiar ea taxa de prenhez foi investigado entre outros foram realizados. Quanto à razão de gravidez constatou que 73,7 % dos adolescentes que procuram uma gravidez, 89,5% dos adolescentes têm um alto nível de estudo abrangente, 42,1 % têm o apoio financeiro e emocional de seu parceiro e 81,6 % têm casa como atividade atual. Conclusão: Após a análise das diferentes variáveis, descobrimos que além das características sócio-econômicas desse grupo de adolescentes, que são claramente gerando muito deste problema, há uma necessidade de programas que tiveram sucesso no desenvolvimento de estratégias habilitação, além de dar informação e orientação adequada, impacto e criar uma mudança no comportamento da população na gestão da sua sexualidade e vida projetos, que também se expressa nos estudos para medir o impacto do programa, onde é mencionado que há um alto nível de satisfação do usuário do programa e progresso foi feito sobre a questão da contracepção em adolescentes, mas nenhuma mudança de atitude da população é evidente, que ameaçam a saúde sexual e saúde reprodutiva de adolescentes., Introducción Artículo que presenta algunos aspectos que caracterizan a las adolescentes de la comuna 6 de Medellín, en edades entre los 10 y 19 años de edad, que luego de recibir capacitación en salud sexual y reproductiva en el centro de salud Picachito, se embarazaron. Objetivo: Conocer algunas características de esta población y aportar elementos que puedan ayudar a mejorar el impacto de estos programas, para una mejor efectividad en los mismos, en razón del objetivo de disminución del embarazo adolescente. Método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo que toma registros del programa de planificación familiar del centro de salud de Picachito ESE Metrosalud desde el mes de enero hasta diciembre de 2012, para realizar encuestas telefónicas a adolescentes objeto de la investigación. Resultados: Se realizaron 38 encuestas de los 217 registros de la base de datos, en donde se indagó a cerca de aspectos como nivel de estudio, apoyo emocional, económico, planificación familiar y razón del embarazo entre otras. En cuanto a la razón del embarazo se encontró que el 73.7% de las adolescente buscaba un embarazo, el 89.5% de las adolescentes cuenta con un nivel de estudio secundaria incompleta, el 42.1% tiene apoyo económico y emocional por parte de su pareja y el 81.6% tiene como actividad actual el hogar. Conclusiones: Luego del análisis realizado a las diferentes variables, encontramos que más allá de las características socio económicas de este grupo de adolescentes, las cuales son claramente generadoras en gran parte de esta problemática, existe la necesidad de contar con programas que logren desarrollar estrategias, que permitan, más allá de dar una adecuada información y orientación, impactar y generar cambios en el comportamiento de esta población, en cuanto al manejo de su sexualidad y proyectos de vida, lo cual también se expresa en estudios realizados para medir el impacto del programa, en donde se menciona que existe un alto nivel de satisfacción de los usuarios del p

Introduction. This article presents some aspects that characterize adolescents from commune 6 of Medellin, between the ages of 10 and 19 years old, after receiving training in sexual and reproductive health in the Health Center Picachito, became pregnant. Objective. To determine some characteristics of this population and provide elements that can help to improve the impact of these programs, for better effectiveness in them, because of the objective of reducing teen pregnancy. Method. Retrospective descriptive study that take records from family planning program from health center Picachito ESE Metrosalud from January to December 2012, telephone surveys for teenagers under investigation Results. A total of 38 surveys of 217 records database, in which inquired about aspects such as study level, emotional support, financial, family planning and pregnancy rate among others. As for the reason of pregnancy was found that 73.7% of teenage sought a pregnancy, 89.5% of adolescents has a incomplete secondary level study, 42.1% have financial and emotional support from your partner and 81.6% have home as current activity. Conclusions. After the analysis of the different variables, we found that beyond the socioeconomic characteristics of this group of teenagers, which are clearly generating much of this problem, there is a need for programs that manage to develop strategies, enabling, beyond giving adequate information and guidance, impact and create change in the behavior of this population, in the management of their sexuality and life projects, which is also expressed in studies to measure the impact of the program, where it is mentioned that there is a high level of satisfaction of the users of the program and progress was made on the issue of contraception in adolescents, but not show changes in attitude of the population, which put at risk the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents., Introdução. O artigo apresenta alguns aspectos que caracterizam adolescentes comuna seis Medellín, entre as idades de 10 e 19 anos de idade, depois de ter recebido treinamento em clínica de saúde sexual e reprodutiva Picachito, ficou grávida. Objetivo: determinar algumas características desta população e fornecer elementos que podem ajudar a melhorar o impacto desses programas, para melhor eficácia neles, porque o objetivo de reduzir a gravidez na adolescência. Método: registros de programas de estudo descritivo e retrospectivo que tomam centro de saúde de planejamento familiar Picachito ESE Metrosalud de janeiro a dezembro de 2012, para pesquisas por telefone adolescentes sob investigação. Resultados: 38 pesquisas de banco de dados 217 registros, onde cerca de questões como em nível de estudo, emocional, econômico, o planejamento familiar ea taxa de prenhez foi investigado entre outros foram realizados. Quanto à razão de gravidez constatou que 73,7 % dos adolescentes que procuram uma gravidez, 89,5% dos adolescentes têm um alto nível de estudo abrangente, 42,1 % têm o apoio financeiro e emocional de seu parceiro e 81,6 % têm casa como atividade atual. Conclusão: Após a análise das diferentes variáveis, descobrimos que além das características sócio-econômicas desse grupo de adolescentes, que são claramente gerando muito deste problema, há uma necessidade de programas que tiveram sucesso no desenvolvimento de estratégias habilitação, além de dar informação e orientação adequada, impacto e criar uma mudança no comportamento da população na gestão da sua sexualidade e vida projetos, que também se expressa nos estudos para medir o impacto do programa, onde é mencionado que há um alto nível de satisfação do usuário do programa e progresso foi feito sobre a questão da contracepção em adolescentes, mas nenhuma mudança de atitude da população é evidente, que ameaçam a saúde sexual e saúde reprodutiva de adolescentes., Introducción Artículo que presenta algunos aspectos que caracterizan a las adolescentes de la comuna 6 de Medellín, en edades entre los 10 y 19 años de edad, que luego de recibir capacitación en salud sexual y reproductiva en el centro de salud Picachito, se embarazaron. Objetivo: Conocer algunas características de esta población y aportar elementos que puedan ayudar a mejorar el impacto de estos programas, para una mejor efectividad en los mismos, en razón del objetivo de disminución del embarazo adolescente. Método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo que toma registros del programa de planificación familiar del centro de salud de Picachito ESE Metrosalud desde el mes de enero hasta diciembre de 2012, para realizar encuestas telefónicas a adolescentes objeto de la investigación. Resultados: Se realizaron 38 encuestas de los 217 registros de la base de datos, en donde se indagó a cerca de aspectos como nivel de estudio, apoyo emocional, económico, planificación familiar y razón del embarazo entre otras. En cuanto a la razón del embarazo se encontró que el 73.7% de las adolescente buscaba un embarazo, el 89.5% de las adolescentes cuenta con un nivel de estudio secundaria incompleta, el 42.1% tiene apoyo económico y emocional por parte de su pareja y el 81.6% tiene como actividad actual el hogar. Conclusiones: Luego del análisis realizado a las diferentes variables, encontramos que más allá de las características socio económicas de este grupo de adolescentes, las cuales son claramente generadoras en gran parte de esta problemática, existe la necesidad de contar con programas que logren desarrollar estrategias, que permitan, más allá de dar una adecuada información y orientación, impactar y generar cambios en el comportamiento de esta población, en cuanto al manejo de su sexualidad y proyectos de vida, lo cual también se expresa en estudios realizados para medir el impacto del programa, en donde se menciona que existe un alto nivel de satisfacción de los usuarios del p

ObjecƟ ve: Determine the risk factors associated to adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnant teen populaƟ on. Barranquilla, January 2012-April 2013. Materials and Methods: Case-control study in women under 21 who received obstetric care in Hospital Simon Bolivar of Barranquilla during january 2012 to april 2013. Cases: 50 teens under 21 years old that showed adverse perinatal outcomes (low birth weight, preterm birth, small for gestaƟ onal age, toxemia, perinatal death and maternal death). Controls: 50 paƟ ents under 21 years old who received obstetric care and no adverse perinatal outcomes. Data were systemaƟ zed using Epi-Info 3.5.1; staƟ sƟ cal parameters were evaluated such as averages, p value, odds raƟ o, confi dence intervals a confi dence index of 95% was used. Results: For high school and lower educaƟ on level were obtained: OR = 3.16, CI = 1.03 - 9.68, p = 0.03; age of fi rst sexual intercourse ≤ 15 years showed OR = 22.3, CI = 6.8 - 72.4, p <0.00001; for unwanted pregnancy the results were: OR = 6.29, CI = 2.52 - 15.6, p <0.00001; meanwhile unsaƟ sfactory prenatal control showed: OR = 2.45, CI = 1.09 - 5.49, p = 0.02; family dysfuncƟ on showed: OR = 2.48, CI = 1.05 - 5.85, p = 0.03. Conclusion: The risk factors found were: fi rst intercourse at age 15 or earlier, unwanted pregnancy, prenatal unsaƟ sfactory and dysfuncƟ onal families, Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a los resultados perinatales adversos en la población gestante adolescente. Barranquilla, enero de 2012-abril de 2013.Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de casos y controles en mujeres menores de 21 años que recibieron asistencia obstétrica en el Hospital Simón Bolívar, durante enero de 2012 a abril de 2013. Casos: 50 menores de 21 años que presentaron resultados perinatales adversos (bajo peso al nacer, parto pretérmino, feto pequeño para la edad gestacional, toxemias, muerte perinatal y muerte materna). Controles: 50 pacientes menores de 21 años que recibieron asistencia obstétrica y que no presentaron resultados perinatales adversos. Los datos fueron sistematizados Epi-Info 3.5.1; se valoraron parámetros estadísticos como media, valor de p, odds ratio, intervalos de confianza; se trabajó con un índice de confianza del 95 %.Resultados: Para el nivel educativo de secundaria e inferior se obtuvo: OR= 3,16; IC= 1,03 - 9,68; p= 0,03; la edad de inicio de vida sexual ≤ 15 años mostró: OR= 22,3; IC= 6,8 -72,4; p < 0,00001; para la gestación no deseada los resultados obtenidos fueron: OR= 6,29; IC= 2,52 - 15,6; p < 0,00001; por su parte el control prenatal no satisfactorio mostró: OR= 2,45; IC= 1,09 - 5,49; p= 0,02; la disfunción familiar mostró: OR= 2,48; IC= 1,05 - 5,85; p= 0,03. Conclusión: Los factores de riesgo hallados fueron: el inicio de vida sexual a los 15 años o antes, gestación no deseada, el control prenatal no satisfactorio y las familias disfuncionales.

Target. Identify the predisposing factors of pregnancy in adolescents seen at Base Hospital, Ministry of Public Health. Methodology. With a cross-sectional design, we collected 223 adolescents whose birth was treated at the Department of Obstetrics Hospital Castanier Homer Crespo in the period March Azogues August 2012. We analyzed age, education, marital status, residence, housing conditions, family emotional relationships, emotional relationships with partner and knowledge of family planning. Results. The average age of the adolescents was 17.4 ± 1.3 years (range 13-19 years). The 61.9% had completed secondary education and 37.7% in higher education started. The 49.8%, was cohabiting, 24.7% were single and 25.6% married. 59.6% live in rural areas. The 8.1% of births were preterm. The dystocia were 22.4% and 17.9% ended by cesarean. Conclusions. Pregnant teens come from a dysfunctional family in 82.1% of cases. The 34.5% of the adolescents deal with issues of sexuality with their families, being the mother, its main interlocutor. The 80.7% of the cases referred to have good relationship with the couple. The 70.8% of adolescents had prior knowledge of family planning. The results are similar to those reported in the literature

Background: Teenage pregnancy is a public health problem that is increasing and involves risks, engaging social, individual and family. Objective: To determine the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and psychosocial factors associated in schools in Cuenca, Ecuador 2012. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of prevalence in 895 adolescent students from schools in Cuenca, Ecuador in the period January to July 2012. Was evaluated through the family APGAR test. Hypothesis: Adolescent pregnancy is associated with psychosocial factors such as early menarche, family dysfunction, recent loss of significant others, substance undue entering the workforce, migration of a family member, that in the absence of these factors. Results: Teenage pregnancies are present in all social and academic levels, a 11.62% in a population of 895 adolescents from schools in the city of Cuenca, is presented statistically significant dysfunctional families with a 73.1% and 26.9 % of family functionality, a PR 3.83, 95% CI (2.55-5.78) and a p-value 0.000. Entry into the workforce is significantly associated with a PR 1.75, 95% CI 1. 003-2.91 0.049 and p value, plus 15.4% of adolescents consume undue substances. Conclusions: We identified the presence of a high percentage of adolescent pregnancy, psychosocial factors that are associated with this problem threatening the future of adolescents Cuenca. DeCS: PREGNANCY IN ADOLESCENCE/PSYCHOLOGY, TEENAGER, PREVALENCE, SOCIOECONOMIC, ACADEMIC/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA

Background: Comparative study of prevalence. Objectives: To compare the presence of congenital malformations and neonatal complications in infants born to teen age mothers vs. Newborns of mothers of other ages served in Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital (HVCM) during the period January 2011-June 2011. Materials and Methods: The study sample consists of 188 births attended in the neonatology service Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, the sample of work relates to the study universe. The instrument used was a form previously developed by the research group. The results were processed in SPSS version 15.00 Evaluation. Results: Of the188 children treated in the neonatal, 20.74% were teen age mothersand79.26% were mothers of other ages. Among the complications and malformations that were investigated, occurred more frequently in the children of teen age mothers, however, no relationship was found with age of mothers. Conclusions: The presented malformations and complications that new burns are not related to the age to submit their mothers.