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1,103 results on '"Eugster, A."'

1. Non-Standard Errors

Author: Menkveld, Albert J., Abudy, Menachem (Meni), Grammig, Joachim, Gregoire, Vincent, Hagströmer, Björn, Hambuckers, Julien, Hapnes, Erik, Harris, Jeffrey H., Harris, Lawrence, Hartmann, Simon, Hasse, Jean-Baptiste, Hautsch, Nikolaus, Adrian, Tobias, He, Xue-Zhong 'Tony', Heath, Davidson, Hediger, Simon, Hendershott, Terrence J., Hibbert, Ann Marie, Hjalmarsson, Erik, Hoelscher, Seth, Hoffmann, Peter, Holden, Craig W., Horenstein, Alex R., Ait-Sahalia, Yacine, Huang, Wenqian, Huang, Da, Hurlin, Christophe, Ivashchenko, Alexey, Iyer, Subramanian R., Jahanshahloo, Hossein, Jalkh, Naji, Jones, Charles M., Jurkatis, Simon, Jylha, Petri, Akmansoy, Olivier, Kaeck, Andreas, Kaiser, Gabriel, Karam, Arzé, Karmaziene, Egle, Kassner, Bernhard, Kaustia, Markku, Kazak, Ekaterina, Kearney, Fearghal, van Kervel, Vincent, Khan, Saad, Alcock, Jamie, Khomyn, Marta, Klein, Tony, Klein, Olga, Klos, Alexander, Koetter, Michael, Krahnen, Jan Pieter, Kolokolov, Aleksey, Korajczyk, Robert A., Kozhan, Roman, Kwan, Amy, Alexeev, Vitali, Lajaunie, Quentin, Lam, Full Yet Eric Campbell, Lambert, Marie, Langlois, Hugues, Lausen, Jens, Lauter, Tobias, Leippold, Markus, Levin, Vladimir, Li, Yijie, Li, (Michael) Hui, Aloosh, Arash, Liew, Chee Yoong, Lindner, Thomas, Linton, Oliver B., Liu, Jiacheng, Liu, Anqi, Llorente-Alvarez, Jesus-Guillermo, Lof, Matthijs, Lohr, Ariel, Longstaff, Francis A., Lopez-Lira, Alejandro, Amato, Livia, Mankad, Shawn, Mano, Nicola, Marchal, Alexis, Martineau, Charles, Mazzola, Francesco, Meloso, Debrah C, Mihet, Roxana, Mohan, Vijay, Moinas, Sophie, Moore, David, Amaya, Diego, Mu, Liangyi, Muravyev, Dmitriy, Murphy, Dermot, Neszveda, Gabor, Neumeier, Christian, Nielsson, Ulf, Nimalendran, Mahendrarajah, Nolte, Sven, Nordén, Lars L., O'Neill, Peter, Angel, James J., Obaid, Khaled, Ødegaard, Bernt Arne, Östberg, Per, Painter, Marcus, Palan, Stefan, Palit, Imon, Park, Andreas, Pascual Gascó, Roberto, Pasquariello, Paolo, Pastor, Lubos, Dreber, Anna, Bach, Amadeus, Patel, Vinay, Patton, Andrew J., Pearson, Neil D., Pelizzon, Loriana, Pelster, Matthias, Pérignon, Christophe, Pfiffer, Cameron, Philip, Richard, Plíhal, Tomáš, Prakash, Puneet, Baidoo, Edwin, Press, Oliver-Alexander, Prodromou, Tina, Putnins, Talis J., Raizada, Gaurav, Rakowski, David A., Ranaldo, Angelo, Regis, Luca, Reitz, Stefan, Renault, Thomas, Wang, Renjie, Bakalli, Gaetan, Renò, Roberto, Riddiough, Steven, Rinne, Kalle, Rintamäki, Paul, Riordan, Ryan, Rittmannsberger, Thomas, Rodríguez Longarela, Iñaki, Rösch, Dominik, Rognone, Lavinia, Roseman, Brian, Barbon, Andrea, Rosu, Ioanid, Roy, Saurabh, Rudolf, Nicolas, Rush, Stephen, Rzayev, Khaladdin, Rzeźnik, Aleksandra, Sanford, Anthony, Sankaran, Harikumar, Sarkar, Asani, Sarno, Lucio, Bashchenko, Oksana, Scaillet, Olivier, Scharnowski, Stefan, Schenk-Hoppé, Klaus Reiner, Schertler, Andrea, Schneider, Michael, Schroeder, Florian, Schürhoff, Norman, Schuster, Philipp, Schwarz, Marco A., Seasholes, Mark S., Bindra, Parampreet Christopher, Seeger, Norman, Shachar, Or, Shkilko, Andriy, Shui, Jessica, Sikic, Mario, Simion, Giorgia, Smales, Lee A., Söderlind, Paul, Sojli, Elvira, Sokolov, Konstantin, Bjonnes, Geir Hoidal, Spokeviciute, Laima, Stefanova, Denitsa, Subrahmanyam, Marti G., Neusüss, Sebastian, Szaszi, Barnabas, Talavera, Oleksandr, Tang, Yuehua, Taylor, Nicholas, Tham, Wing Wah, Theissen, Erik, Black, Jeffrey R., Thimme, Julian, Tonks, Ian, Tran, Hai, Trapin, Luca, Trolle, Anders B., Valente, Giorgio, Van Ness, Robert A., Vasquez, Aurelio, Verousis, Thanos, Verwijmeren, Patrick, Black, Bernard S., Vilhelmsson, Anders, Vilkov, Grigory, Vladimirov, Vladimir, Vogel, Sebastian, Voigt, Stefan, Wagner, Wolf, Walther, Thomas, Weiss, Patrick, van der Wel, Michel, Werner, Ingrid M., Bohorquez, Santiago, Westerholm, P. Joakim, Westheide, Christian, Wipplinger, Evert, Wolf, Michael, Wolff, Christian C. P., Wolk, Leonard, Wong, Wing-Keung, Wrampelmeyer, Jan, Xia, Shuo, Xiu, Dacheng, Holzmeister, Felix, Bondarenko, Oleg, Xu, Ke, Xu, Caihong, Yadav, Pradeep K., Yagüe, José, Yan, Cheng, Yang, Antti, Yoo, Woongsun, Yu, Wenjia, Yu, Shihao, Yueshen, Bart Zhou, Bos, Charles S., Yuferova, Darya, Zamojski, Marcin, Zareei, Abalfazl, Zeisberger, Stefan, Zhang, Lu, Zhang, Xiaoyu, Zhong, Zhuo, Zhou, Z. Ivy, Zhou, Chen, Zhu, Xingyu, Bosch-Rosa, Ciril, Zoican, Marius, Zwinkels, Remco C.J., Chen, Jian, Duevski, Teodor, Gao, Ge, Gemayel, Roland, Gilder, Dudley, Kuhle, Paul, Pagnotta, Emiliano, Pelli, Michele, Bouri, Elie, Sönksen, Jantje, Ilczuk, Konrad, Bogoev, Dimitar, Qian, Ya, Wika, Hans C., Yu, Yihe, Zhao, Lu, Mi, Michael, Bao, Li, Brownlees, Christian T., Vaduva, Andreea, Prokopczuk, Marcel, Avetikian, Alejandro, Wu, Zhen-Xing, Calamia, Anna, Cao, Viet Nga, Capelle-Blancard, Gunther, Capera, Laura, Caporin, Massimiliano, Huber, Juergen, Carrion, Allen, Caskurlu, Tolga, Chakrabarty, Bidisha, Chernov, Mikhail, Cheung, William Ming Yan, Chincarini, Ludwig B., Chordia, Tarun, Chow, Sheung Chi, Clapham, Benjamin, Colliard, Jean-Edouard, Johanneson, Magnus, Comerton-Forde, Carole, Curran, Edward, Dao, Thong, Dare, Wale, Davies, Ryan J., De Blasis, Riccardo, De Nard, Gianluca, Declerck, Fany, Deev, Oleg, Degryse, Hans, Kirchler, Michael, Deku, Solomon, Desagre, Christophe, Dim, Chukwuma, Dimpfl, Thomas, Dong, Yun Jiang, Drummond, Philip, Dudda, Tom, Dumitrescu, Ariadna, Dyakov, Teodor, Razen, Michael, Dyhrberg, Anne Haubo, Dzieliński, Michał, Eksi, Asli, El Kalak, Izidin, ter Ellen, Saskia, Eugster, Nicolas, Evans, Martin D.D., Farrell, Michael, Félez-Viñas, Ester, Ferrara, Gerardo, Weitzel, Utz, FERROUHI, El Mehdi, Flori, Andrea, Fluharty-Jaidee, Jonathan, Foley, Sean, Fong, Kingsley Y. L., Foucault, Thierry, Franus, Tatiana, Franzoni, Francesco A., Frijns, Bart, Frömmel, Michael, Abad, David, Fu, Servanna Mianjun, Füllbrunn, Sascha, Gan, Baoqing, Gehrig, Thomas, Gerritsen, Dirk, Gil-Bazo, Javier, Glosten, Lawrence R., Gomez, Thomas, Gorbenko, Arseny, Güçbilmez, Ufuk, Van Dijk, Matthijs A., Menkveld, Albert J., Abudy, Menachem (Meni), Grammig, Joachim, Gregoire, Vincent, Hagströmer, Björn, Hambuckers, Julien, Hapnes, Erik, Harris, Jeffrey H., Harris, Lawrence, Hartmann, Simon, Hasse, Jean-Baptiste, Hautsch, Nikolaus, Adrian, Tobias, He, Xue-Zhong 'Tony', Heath, Davidson, Hediger, Simon, Hendershott, Terrence J., Hibbert, Ann Marie, Hjalmarsson, Erik, Hoelscher, Seth, Hoffmann, Peter, Holden, Craig W., Horenstein, Alex R., Ait-Sahalia, Yacine, Huang, Wenqian, Huang, Da, Hurlin, Christophe, Ivashchenko, Alexey, Iyer, Subramanian R., Jahanshahloo, Hossein, Jalkh, Naji, Jones, Charles M., Jurkatis, Simon, Jylha, Petri, Akmansoy, Olivier, Kaeck, Andreas, Kaiser, Gabriel, Karam, Arzé, Karmaziene, Egle, Kassner, Bernhard, Kaustia, Markku, Kazak, Ekaterina, Kearney, Fearghal, van Kervel, Vincent, Khan, Saad, Alcock, Jamie, Khomyn, Marta, Klein, Tony, Klein, Olga, Klos, Alexander, Koetter, Michael, Krahnen, Jan Pieter, Kolokolov, Aleksey, Korajczyk, Robert A., Kozhan, Roman, Kwan, Amy, Alexeev, Vitali, Lajaunie, Quentin, Lam, Full Yet Eric Campbell, Lambert, Marie, Langlois, Hugues, Lausen, Jens, Lauter, Tobias, Leippold, Markus, Levin, Vladimir, Li, Yijie, Li, (Michael) Hui, Aloosh, Arash, Liew, Chee Yoong, Lindner, Thomas, Linton, Oliver B., Liu, Jiacheng, Liu, Anqi, Llorente-Alvarez, Jesus-Guillermo, Lof, Matthijs, Lohr, Ariel, Longstaff, Francis A., Lopez-Lira, Alejandro, Amato, Livia, Mankad, Shawn, Mano, Nicola, Marchal, Alexis, Martineau, Charles, Mazzola, Francesco, Meloso, Debrah C, Mihet, Roxana, Mohan, Vijay, Moinas, Sophie, Moore, David, Amaya, Diego, Mu, Liangyi, Muravyev, Dmitriy, Murphy, Dermot, Neszveda, Gabor, Neumeier, Christian, Nielsson, Ulf, Nimalendran, Mahendrarajah, Nolte, Sven, Nordén, Lars L., O'Neill, Peter, Angel, James J., Obaid, Khaled, Ødegaard, Bernt Arne, Östberg, Per, Painter, Marcus, Palan, Stefan, Palit, Imon, Park, Andreas, Pascual Gascó, Roberto, Pasquariello, Paolo, Pastor, Lubos, Dreber, Anna, Bach, Amadeus, Patel, Vinay, Patton, Andrew J., Pearson, Neil D., Pelizzon, Loriana, Pelster, Matthias, Pérignon, Christophe, Pfiffer, Cameron, Philip, Richard, Plíhal, Tomáš, Prakash, Puneet, Baidoo, Edwin, Press, Oliver-Alexander, Prodromou, Tina, Putnins, Talis J., Raizada, Gaurav, Rakowski, David A., Ranaldo, Angelo, Regis, Luca, Reitz, Stefan, Renault, Thomas, Wang, Renjie, Bakalli, Gaetan, Renò, Roberto, Riddiough, Steven, Rinne, Kalle, Rintamäki, Paul, Riordan, Ryan, Rittmannsberger, Thomas, Rodríguez Longarela, Iñaki, Rösch, Dominik, Rognone, Lavinia, Roseman, Brian, Barbon, Andrea, Rosu, Ioanid, Roy, Saurabh, Rudolf, Nicolas, Rush, Stephen, Rzayev, Khaladdin, Rzeźnik, Aleksandra, Sanford, Anthony, Sankaran, Harikumar, Sarkar, Asani, Sarno, Lucio, Bashchenko, Oksana, Scaillet, Olivier, Scharnowski, Stefan, Schenk-Hoppé, Klaus Reiner, Schertler, Andrea, Schneider, Michael, Schroeder, Florian, Schürhoff, Norman, Schuster, Philipp, Schwarz, Marco A., Seasholes, Mark S., Bindra, Parampreet Christopher, Seeger, Norman, Shachar, Or, Shkilko, Andriy, Shui, Jessica, Sikic, Mario, Simion, Giorgia, Smales, Lee A., Söderlind, Paul, Sojli, Elvira, Sokolov, Konstantin, Bjonnes, Geir Hoidal, Spokeviciute, Laima, Stefanova, Denitsa, Subrahmanyam, Marti G., Neusüss, Sebastian, Szaszi, Barnabas, Talavera, Oleksandr, Tang, Yuehua, Taylor, Nicholas, Tham, Wing Wah, Theissen, Erik, Black, Jeffrey R., Thimme, Julian, Tonks, Ian, Tran, Hai, Trapin, Luca, Trolle, Anders B., Valente, Giorgio, Van Ness, Robert A., Vasquez, Aurelio, Verousis, Thanos, Verwijmeren, Patrick, Black, Bernard S., Vilhelmsson, Anders, Vilkov, Grigory, Vladimirov, Vladimir, Vogel, Sebastian, Voigt, Stefan, Wagner, Wolf, Walther, Thomas, Weiss, Patrick, van der Wel, Michel, Werner, Ingrid M., Bohorquez, Santiago, Westerholm, P. Joakim, Westheide, Christian, Wipplinger, Evert, Wolf, Michael, Wolff, Christian C. P., Wolk, Leonard, Wong, Wing-Keung, Wrampelmeyer, Jan, Xia, Shuo, Xiu, Dacheng, Holzmeister, Felix, Bondarenko, Oleg, Xu, Ke, Xu, Caihong, Yadav, Pradeep K., Yagüe, José, Yan, Cheng, Yang, Antti, Yoo, Woongsun, Yu, Wenjia, Yu, Shihao, Yueshen, Bart Zhou, Bos, Charles S., Yuferova, Darya, Zamojski, Marcin, Zareei, Abalfazl, Zeisberger, Stefan, Zhang, Lu, Zhang, Xiaoyu, Zhong, Zhuo, Zhou, Z. Ivy, Zhou, Chen, Zhu, Xingyu, Bosch-Rosa, Ciril, Zoican, Marius, Zwinkels, Remco C.J., Chen, Jian, Duevski, Teodor, Gao, Ge, Gemayel, Roland, Gilder, Dudley, Kuhle, Paul, Pagnotta, Emiliano, Pelli, Michele, Bouri, Elie, Sönksen, Jantje, Ilczuk, Konrad, Bogoev, Dimitar, Qian, Ya, Wika, Hans C., Yu, Yihe, Zhao, Lu, Mi, Michael, Bao, Li, Brownlees, Christian T., Vaduva, Andreea, Prokopczuk, Marcel, Avetikian, Alejandro, Wu, Zhen-Xing, Calamia, Anna, Cao, Viet Nga, Capelle-Blancard, Gunther, Capera, Laura, Caporin, Massimiliano, Huber, Juergen, Carrion, Allen, Caskurlu, Tolga, Chakrabarty, Bidisha, Chernov, Mikhail, Cheung, William Ming Yan, Chincarini, Ludwig B., Chordia, Tarun, Chow, Sheung Chi, Clapham, Benjamin, Colliard, Jean-Edouard, Johanneson, Magnus, Comerton-Forde, Carole, Curran, Edward, Dao, Thong, Dare, Wale, Davies, Ryan J., De Blasis, Riccardo, De Nard, Gianluca, Declerck, Fany, Deev, Oleg, Degryse, Hans, Kirchler, Michael, Deku, Solomon, Desagre, Christophe, Dim, Chukwuma, Dimpfl, Thomas, Dong, Yun Jiang, Drummond, Philip, Dudda, Tom, Dumitrescu, Ariadna, Dyakov, Teodor, Razen, Michael, Dyhrberg, Anne Haubo, Dzieliński, Michał, Eksi, Asli, El Kalak, Izidin, ter Ellen, Saskia, Eugster, Nicolas, Evans, Martin D.D., Farrell, Michael, Félez-Viñas, Ester, Ferrara, Gerardo, Weitzel, Utz, FERROUHI, El Mehdi, Flori, Andrea, Fluharty-Jaidee, Jonathan, Foley, Sean, Fong, Kingsley Y. L., Foucault, Thierry, Franus, Tatiana, Franzoni, Francesco A., Frijns, Bart, Frömmel, Michael, Abad, David, Fu, Servanna Mianjun, Füllbrunn, Sascha, Gan, Baoqing, Gehrig, Thomas, Gerritsen, Dirk, Gil-Bazo, Javier, Glosten, Lawrence R., Gomez, Thomas, Gorbenko, Arseny, Güçbilmez, Ufuk, and Van Dijk, Matthijs A.
Abstract: In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty—nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.
Published: 2024

2. Autoantibodies against ATP4A are a feature of the abundant autoimmunity that develops in first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes

Author: Zielmann, Marie-Luise, Jolink, Manja, Winkler, Christiane, Eugster, Anne, Müller, Denise, Scholz, Marlon, Ziegler, Anette-G., Bonifacio, Ezio, Zielmann, Marie-Luise, Jolink, Manja, Winkler, Christiane, Eugster, Anne, Müller, Denise, Scholz, Marlon, Ziegler, Anette-G., and Bonifacio, Ezio
Abstract: Objective: Type 1 diabetes is associated with autoantibodies to different organs that include the gut. The objective of the study was to determine the risk of developing gastric parietal cell autoimmunity in relation to other autoimmunity in individuals with a family history of type 1 diabetes. Methods: Autoantibodies to the parietal cell autoantigen, H+/K+ ATPase subunit A (ATP4A) was measured in 2218 first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes, who were prospectively followed from birth for a median of 14.5 years. All were also tested regularly for the development of islet autoantibodies, transglutaminase autoantibodies, and thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies. Results: The cumulative risk to develop ATP4A autoantibodies was 8.1% (95% CI, 6.6–9.6) by age 20 years with a maximum incidence observed at age 2 years. Risk was increased in females (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3–2.8; p = 0.0004), relatives with the HLA DR4-DQ8/DR4-DQ8 genotype (HR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.9–5.9; p < 0.0001) and in participants who also had thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (HR, 3.7; 95% CI, 2.5– 5.5; p < 0.0001). Risk for at least one of ATP4A-, islet-, transglutaminase-, or thyroid peroxidase-autoantibodies was 24.7% (95% CI, 22.6–26.7) by age 20 years and was 47.3% (95% CI, 41.3–53.3) in relatives who had an HLA DR3/DR4-DQ8, DR4-DQ8/ DR4-DQ8, or DR3/DR3 genotype (p < 0.0001 vs. other genotypes). Conclusions: Relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes who have risk genotypes are at very high risk for the development of autoimmunity against gastric and other organs.
Published: 2024

3. Nonstandard Errors

Author: Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Economía Financiera y Contabilidad, Menkveld, Albert J., Dreber, Anna, Holzmeister, Felix, Huber, Juergen, Johannesson, Magnus, Kirchler, Michael, Neusüß, Sebastian, Razen, Michael, Weitzel, Utz, Abad, David, Abudy, Menachem (Meni), Adrian, Tobias, Ait-Sahalia, Yacine, Akmansoy, Olivier, Alcock, Jamie T., Alexeev, Vitali, Aloosh, Arash, Amato, Livia, Amaya, Diego, Angel, James J., Avetikian, Alejandro T., Bach, Amadeus, Baidoo, Edwin, Bakalli, Gaetan, Bao, Li, Barbon, Andrea, Bashchenko, Oksana, Bindra, Parampreet C., Bjønnes, Geir H., Black, Jeffrey R., Black, Bernard S., Bogoev, Dimitar, Bohorquez Correa, Santiago, Bondarenko, Oleg, Bos, Charles S., Bosch-Rosa, Ciril, Bouri, Elie, Brownlees, Christian, Calamia, Anna, Cao, Viet Nga, Capelle-Blancard, Gunther, Capera Romero, Laura M., Caporin, Massimiliano, Carrion, Allen, Caskurlu, Tolga, Chakrabarty, Bidisha, Chen, Jian, Chernov, Mikhail, Cheung, William, Chincarini, Ludwig B., Chordia, Tarun, Chow, Sheung-Chi, Clapham, Benjamin, Colliard, Jean-Edouard, Comerton-Forde, Carole, Curran, Edward, Dao, Thong, Dare, Wale, Davies, Ryan J., De Blasis, Riccardo, De Nard, Gianluca F., Declerck, Fany, Deev, Oleg, Degryse, Hans, Deku, Solomon Y., Desagre, Christophe, Van Dijk, Mathijs A., Dim, Chukwuma, Dimpfl, Thomas, Dong, Yun Jiang, Drummond, Philip A., Dudda, Tom, Duevski, Teodor, Dumitrescu, Ariadna, Dyakov, Teodor, Dyhrberg, Anne Haubo, Dzieliński, Michał, Eksi, Asli, El Kalak, Izidin, Ellen, Saskia Ter, Eugster, Nicolas, Evans, Martin D. D., Farrell, Michael, Felez-Vinas, Ester, Ferrara, Gerardo, Ferrouhi, El Mehdi, Flori, Andrea, Fluharty-Jaidee, Jonathan T., Foley, Sean D. V., Fong, Kingsley Y. L., Foucault, Thierry, Franus, Tatiana, Franzoni, Francesco, Frijns, Bart, Frömmel, Michael, Fu, Servanna M., Füllbrunn, Sascha C., Gan, Baoqing, Gao, Ge, Gehrig, Thomas P., Gemayel, Roland, Gerritsen, Dirk, Gil-Bazo, Javier, Gilder, Dudley, Glosten, Lawrence R., Gomez, Thomas, Gorbenko, Arseny, Grammig, Joachim, Grégoire, Vincent, Güçbilmez, Ufuk, Hagströmer, Björn, Hambuckers, Julien, Hapnes, Erik, Harris, Jeffrey H., Harris, Lawrence, Hartmann, Simon, Hasse, Jean-Baptiste, Hautsch, Nikolaus, He, Xue-Zhong (Tony), Heath, Davidson, Hediger, Simon, Hendershott, Terrence, Hibbert, Ann Marie, Hjalmarsson, Erik, Hoelscher, Seth A., Hoffmann, Peter, Holden, Craig W., Horenstein, Alex R., Huang, Wenqian, Huang, Da, Hurlin, Christophe, Ilczuk, Konrad, Ivashchenko, Alexey, Iyer, Subramanian R., Jahanshahloo, Hossein, Jalkh, Naji, Jones, Charles M., Jurkatis, Simon, Jylhä, Petri, Kaeck, Andreas T., Kaiser, Gabriel, Karam, Arzé, Karmaziene, Egle, Kassner, Bernhard, Kaustia, Markku, Kazak, Ekaterina, Kearney, Fearghal, Van Kervel, Vincent, Khan, Saad A., Khomyn, Marta K., Klein, Tony, Klein, Olga, Klos, Alexander, Koetter, Michael, Kolokolov, Aleksey, Korajczyk, Robert A., Kozhan, Roman, Krahnen, Jan P., Kuhle, Paul, Kwan, Amy, Lajaunie, Quentin, Lam, F. Y. Eric C., Lambert, Marie, Langlois, Hugues, Lausen, Jens, Lauter, Tobias, Leippold, Markus, Levin, Vladimir, Li, Yijie, Li, Hui, Liew, Chee Yoong, Lindner, Thomas, Linton, Oliver, Liu, Jiacheng, Liu, Anqi, Llorente, Guillermo, Lof, Matthijs, Lohr, Ariel, Longstaff, Francis, Lopez-Lira, Alejandro, Mankad, Shawn, Mano, Nicola, Marchal, Alexis, Martineau, Charles, Mazzola, Francesco, Meloso, Debrah, Mi, Michael G., Mihet, Roxana, Mohan, Vijay, Moinas, Sophie, Moore, David, Mu, Liangyi, Muravyev, Dmitriy, Murphy, Dermot, Neszveda, Gabor, Neumeier, Christian, Nielsson, Ulf, Nimalendran, Mahendrarajah, Nolte, Sven, Norden, Lars L., O'neill, Peter, Obaid, Khaled, Ødegaard, Bernt A., Östberg, Per, Pagnotta, Emiliano, Painter, Marcus, Palan, Stefan, Palit, Imon J., Park, Andreas, Pascual, Roberto, Pasquariello, Paolo, Pastor, Lubos, Patel, Vinay, Patton, Andrew J., Pearson, Neil D., Pelizzon, Loriana, Pelli, Michele, Pelster, Matthias, Pérignon, Christophe, Pfiffer, Cameron, Philip, Richard, Plíhal, Tomáš, Prakash, Puneet, Press, Oliver-Alexander, Prodromou, Tina, Prokopczuk, Marcel, Putnins, Talis, Qian, Ya, Raizada, Gaurav, Rakowski, David, Ranaldo, Angelo, Regis, Luca, Reitz, Stefan, Renault, Thomas, Renjie, Rex W., Reno, Roberto, Riddiough, Steven J., Rinne, Kalle, Rintamäki, Paul, Riordan, Ryan, Rittmannsberger, Thomas, Rodríguez Longarela, Iñaki, Roesch, Dominik, Rognone, Lavinia, Roseman, Brian, Roşu, Ioanid, Roy, Saurabh, Rudolf, Nicolas, Rush, Stephen R., Rzayev, Khaladdin, Rzeźnik, Aleksandra A., Sanford, Anthony, Sankaran, Harikumar, Sarkar, Asani, Sarno, Lucio, Scaillet, Olivier, Scharnowski, Stefan, Schenk-Hoppé, Klaus R., Schertler, Andrea, Schneider, Michael, Schroeder, Florian, Schürhoff, Norman, Schuster, Philipp, Schwarz, Marco A., Seasholes, Mark S., Seeger, Norman J., Shachar, Or, Shkilko, Andriy, Shui, Jessica, Sikic, Mario, Simion, Giorgia, Smales, Lee A., Söderlind, Paul, Sojli, Elvira, Sokolov, Konstantin, Sönksen, Jantje, Spokeviciute, Laima, Stefanova, Denitsa, Subrahmanyam, Marti G., Szaszi, Barnabas, Talavera, Oleksandr, Tang, Yuehua, Taylor, Nick, Tham, Wing Wah, Theissen, Erik, Thimme, Julian, Tonks, Ian, Tran, Hai, Trapin, Luca, Trolle, Anders B., Vaduva, M. Andreea, Valente, Giorgio, Van Ness, Robert A., Vasquez, Aurelio, Verousis, Thanos, Verwijmeren, Patrick, Vilhelmsson, Anders, Vilkov, Grigory, Vladimirov, Vladimir, Vogel, Sebastian, Voigt, Stefan, Wagner, Wolf, Walther, Thomas, Weiss, Patrick, Van Der Wel, Michel, Werner, Ingrid M., Westerholm, P. Joakim, Westheide, Christian, Wika, Hans C., Wipplinger, Evert, Wolf, Michael, Wolff, Christian C. P., Wolk, Leonard, Wong, Wing-Keung, Wrampelmeyer, Jan, Wu, Zhen-Xing, Xia, Shuo, Xiu, Dacheng, Xu, Ke, Xu, Caihong, Yadav, Pradeep K., Yagüe, José, Yan, Cheng, Yang, Antti, Yoo, Woongsun, Yu, Wenjia, Yu, Yihe, Yu, Shihao, Yueshen, Bart Z., Yuferova, Darya, Zamojski, Marcin, Zareei, Abalfazl, Zeisberger, Stefan M., Zhang, Lu, Zhang, S. Sarah, Zhang, Xiaoyu, Zhao, Lu, Zhong, Zhuo, Zhou, Z. Ivy, Zhou, Chen, Zhu, Xingyu S., Zoican, Marius, Zwinkels, Remco, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Economía Financiera y Contabilidad, Menkveld, Albert J., Dreber, Anna, Holzmeister, Felix, Huber, Juergen, Johannesson, Magnus, Kirchler, Michael, Neusüß, Sebastian, Razen, Michael, Weitzel, Utz, Abad, David, Abudy, Menachem (Meni), Adrian, Tobias, Ait-Sahalia, Yacine, Akmansoy, Olivier, Alcock, Jamie T., Alexeev, Vitali, Aloosh, Arash, Amato, Livia, Amaya, Diego, Angel, James J., Avetikian, Alejandro T., Bach, Amadeus, Baidoo, Edwin, Bakalli, Gaetan, Bao, Li, Barbon, Andrea, Bashchenko, Oksana, Bindra, Parampreet C., Bjønnes, Geir H., Black, Jeffrey R., Black, Bernard S., Bogoev, Dimitar, Bohorquez Correa, Santiago, Bondarenko, Oleg, Bos, Charles S., Bosch-Rosa, Ciril, Bouri, Elie, Brownlees, Christian, Calamia, Anna, Cao, Viet Nga, Capelle-Blancard, Gunther, Capera Romero, Laura M., Caporin, Massimiliano, Carrion, Allen, Caskurlu, Tolga, Chakrabarty, Bidisha, Chen, Jian, Chernov, Mikhail, Cheung, William, Chincarini, Ludwig B., Chordia, Tarun, Chow, Sheung-Chi, Clapham, Benjamin, Colliard, Jean-Edouard, Comerton-Forde, Carole, Curran, Edward, Dao, Thong, Dare, Wale, Davies, Ryan J., De Blasis, Riccardo, De Nard, Gianluca F., Declerck, Fany, Deev, Oleg, Degryse, Hans, Deku, Solomon Y., Desagre, Christophe, Van Dijk, Mathijs A., Dim, Chukwuma, Dimpfl, Thomas, Dong, Yun Jiang, Drummond, Philip A., Dudda, Tom, Duevski, Teodor, Dumitrescu, Ariadna, Dyakov, Teodor, Dyhrberg, Anne Haubo, Dzieliński, Michał, Eksi, Asli, El Kalak, Izidin, Ellen, Saskia Ter, Eugster, Nicolas, Evans, Martin D. D., Farrell, Michael, Felez-Vinas, Ester, Ferrara, Gerardo, Ferrouhi, El Mehdi, Flori, Andrea, Fluharty-Jaidee, Jonathan T., Foley, Sean D. V., Fong, Kingsley Y. L., Foucault, Thierry, Franus, Tatiana, Franzoni, Francesco, Frijns, Bart, Frömmel, Michael, Fu, Servanna M., Füllbrunn, Sascha C., Gan, Baoqing, Gao, Ge, Gehrig, Thomas P., Gemayel, Roland, Gerritsen, Dirk, Gil-Bazo, Javier, Gilder, Dudley, Glosten, Lawrence R., Gomez, Thomas, Gorbenko, Arseny, Grammig, Joachim, Grégoire, Vincent, Güçbilmez, Ufuk, Hagströmer, Björn, Hambuckers, Julien, Hapnes, Erik, Harris, Jeffrey H., Harris, Lawrence, Hartmann, Simon, Hasse, Jean-Baptiste, Hautsch, Nikolaus, He, Xue-Zhong (Tony), Heath, Davidson, Hediger, Simon, Hendershott, Terrence, Hibbert, Ann Marie, Hjalmarsson, Erik, Hoelscher, Seth A., Hoffmann, Peter, Holden, Craig W., Horenstein, Alex R., Huang, Wenqian, Huang, Da, Hurlin, Christophe, Ilczuk, Konrad, Ivashchenko, Alexey, Iyer, Subramanian R., Jahanshahloo, Hossein, Jalkh, Naji, Jones, Charles M., Jurkatis, Simon, Jylhä, Petri, Kaeck, Andreas T., Kaiser, Gabriel, Karam, Arzé, Karmaziene, Egle, Kassner, Bernhard, Kaustia, Markku, Kazak, Ekaterina, Kearney, Fearghal, Van Kervel, Vincent, Khan, Saad A., Khomyn, Marta K., Klein, Tony, Klein, Olga, Klos, Alexander, Koetter, Michael, Kolokolov, Aleksey, Korajczyk, Robert A., Kozhan, Roman, Krahnen, Jan P., Kuhle, Paul, Kwan, Amy, Lajaunie, Quentin, Lam, F. Y. Eric C., Lambert, Marie, Langlois, Hugues, Lausen, Jens, Lauter, Tobias, Leippold, Markus, Levin, Vladimir, Li, Yijie, Li, Hui, Liew, Chee Yoong, Lindner, Thomas, Linton, Oliver, Liu, Jiacheng, Liu, Anqi, Llorente, Guillermo, Lof, Matthijs, Lohr, Ariel, Longstaff, Francis, Lopez-Lira, Alejandro, Mankad, Shawn, Mano, Nicola, Marchal, Alexis, Martineau, Charles, Mazzola, Francesco, Meloso, Debrah, Mi, Michael G., Mihet, Roxana, Mohan, Vijay, Moinas, Sophie, Moore, David, Mu, Liangyi, Muravyev, Dmitriy, Murphy, Dermot, Neszveda, Gabor, Neumeier, Christian, Nielsson, Ulf, Nimalendran, Mahendrarajah, Nolte, Sven, Norden, Lars L., O'neill, Peter, Obaid, Khaled, Ødegaard, Bernt A., Östberg, Per, Pagnotta, Emiliano, Painter, Marcus, Palan, Stefan, Palit, Imon J., Park, Andreas, Pascual, Roberto, Pasquariello, Paolo, Pastor, Lubos, Patel, Vinay, Patton, Andrew J., Pearson, Neil D., Pelizzon, Loriana, Pelli, Michele, Pelster, Matthias, Pérignon, Christophe, Pfiffer, Cameron, Philip, Richard, Plíhal, Tomáš, Prakash, Puneet, Press, Oliver-Alexander, Prodromou, Tina, Prokopczuk, Marcel, Putnins, Talis, Qian, Ya, Raizada, Gaurav, Rakowski, David, Ranaldo, Angelo, Regis, Luca, Reitz, Stefan, Renault, Thomas, Renjie, Rex W., Reno, Roberto, Riddiough, Steven J., Rinne, Kalle, Rintamäki, Paul, Riordan, Ryan, Rittmannsberger, Thomas, Rodríguez Longarela, Iñaki, Roesch, Dominik, Rognone, Lavinia, Roseman, Brian, Roşu, Ioanid, Roy, Saurabh, Rudolf, Nicolas, Rush, Stephen R., Rzayev, Khaladdin, Rzeźnik, Aleksandra A., Sanford, Anthony, Sankaran, Harikumar, Sarkar, Asani, Sarno, Lucio, Scaillet, Olivier, Scharnowski, Stefan, Schenk-Hoppé, Klaus R., Schertler, Andrea, Schneider, Michael, Schroeder, Florian, Schürhoff, Norman, Schuster, Philipp, Schwarz, Marco A., Seasholes, Mark S., Seeger, Norman J., Shachar, Or, Shkilko, Andriy, Shui, Jessica, Sikic, Mario, Simion, Giorgia, Smales, Lee A., Söderlind, Paul, Sojli, Elvira, Sokolov, Konstantin, Sönksen, Jantje, Spokeviciute, Laima, Stefanova, Denitsa, Subrahmanyam, Marti G., Szaszi, Barnabas, Talavera, Oleksandr, Tang, Yuehua, Taylor, Nick, Tham, Wing Wah, Theissen, Erik, Thimme, Julian, Tonks, Ian, Tran, Hai, Trapin, Luca, Trolle, Anders B., Vaduva, M. Andreea, Valente, Giorgio, Van Ness, Robert A., Vasquez, Aurelio, Verousis, Thanos, Verwijmeren, Patrick, Vilhelmsson, Anders, Vilkov, Grigory, Vladimirov, Vladimir, Vogel, Sebastian, Voigt, Stefan, Wagner, Wolf, Walther, Thomas, Weiss, Patrick, Van Der Wel, Michel, Werner, Ingrid M., Westerholm, P. Joakim, Westheide, Christian, Wika, Hans C., Wipplinger, Evert, Wolf, Michael, Wolff, Christian C. P., Wolk, Leonard, Wong, Wing-Keung, Wrampelmeyer, Jan, Wu, Zhen-Xing, Xia, Shuo, Xiu, Dacheng, Xu, Ke, Xu, Caihong, Yadav, Pradeep K., Yagüe, José, Yan, Cheng, Yang, Antti, Yoo, Woongsun, Yu, Wenjia, Yu, Yihe, Yu, Shihao, Yueshen, Bart Z., Yuferova, Darya, Zamojski, Marcin, Zareei, Abalfazl, Zeisberger, Stefan M., Zhang, Lu, Zhang, S. Sarah, Zhang, Xiaoyu, Zhao, Lu, Zhong, Zhuo, Zhou, Z. Ivy, Zhou, Chen, Zhu, Xingyu S., Zoican, Marius, and Zwinkels, Remco
Abstract: In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty—nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.
Published: 2024

4. Nonstandard Errors

Author: MENKVELD, AJ, DREBER, A, HOLZMEISTER, F, HUBER, J, JOHANNESSON, M, KIRCHLER, M, NEUSÜß, S, RAZEN, M, WEITZEL, U, ABAD‐DÍAZ, D, ABUDY, M, MANO, N, MARCHAL, A, MARTINEAU, C, MAZZOLA, F, MELOSO, D, MI, MG, MIHET, R, MOHAN, V, MOINAS, S, ANGEL, JJ, GEMAYEL, R, MOORE, D, MU, L, MURAVYEV, D, MURPHY, D, NESZVEDA, G, NEUMEIER, C, NIELSSON, U, NIMALENDRAN, M, NOLTE, S, NORDEN, LL, GERRITSEN, D, AVETIKIAN, AT, O'NEILL, P, OBAID, K, ØDEGAARD, BA, ÖSTBERG, P, PAGNOTTA, E, PAINTER, M, PALAN, S, PALIT, IJ, PARK, A, GIL‐BAZO, J, PASCUAL, R, BACH, A, PASQUARIELLO, P, PASTOR, L, PATEL, V, PATTON, AJ, PEARSON, ND, PELIZZON, L, PELLI, M, PELSTER, M, GILDER, D, PÉRIGNON, C, PFIFFER, C, BAIDOO, E, PHILIP, R, PLÍHAL, T, PRAKASH, P, PRESS, O, PRODROMOU, T, PROKOPCZUK, M, PUTNINS, T, GLOSTEN, LR, QIAN, Y, RAIZADA, G, RAKOWSKI, D, BAKALLI, G, RANALDO, A, REGIS, L, REITZ, S, RENAULT, T, RENJIE, RW, RENO, R, GOMEZ, T, RIDDIOUGH, SJ, RINNE, K, RINTAMÄKI, P, RIORDAN, R, BAO, L, RITTMANNSBERGER, T, LONGARELA, IR, ROESCH, D, ROGNONE, L, ROSEMAN, B, GORBENKO, A, ROŞU, I, ROY, S, RUDOLF, N, RUSH, SR, RZAYEV, K, BARBON, A, RZEŹNIK, AA, SANFORD, A, SANKARAN, H, SARKAR, A, GRAMMIG, J, SARNO, L, SCAILLET, O, SCHARNOWSKI, S, SCHENK‐HOPPÉ, KR, SCHERTLER, A, SCHNEIDER, M, BASHCHENKO, O, SCHROEDER, F, SCHÜRHOFF, N, SCHUSTER, P, GRÉGOIRE, V, SCHWARZ, MA, SEASHOLES, MS, SEEGER, NJ, SHACHAR, O, SHKILKO, A, SHUI, J, SIKIC, M, BINDRA, PC, SIMION, G, SMALES, LA, GÜÇBILMEZ, U, SÖDERLIND, P, SOJLI, E, SOKOLOV, K, SÖNKSEN, J, SPOKEVICIUTE, L, STEFANOVA, D, SUBRAHMANYAM, MG, SZASZI, B, BJØNNES, GH, TALAVERA, O, ADRIAN, T, TANG, Y, TAYLOR, N, THAM, W, THEISSEN, E, THIMME, J, TONKS, I, TRAN, H, TRAPIN, L, TROLLE, AB, BLACK, JR, HAGSTRÖMER, B, VADUVA, MA, VALENTE, G, VAN NESS, RA, VASQUEZ, A, VEROUSIS, T, VERWIJMEREN, P, VILHELMSSON, A, VILKOV, G, VLADIMIROV, V, VOGEL, S, HAMBUCKERS, J, BLACK, BS, VOIGT, S, WAGNER, W, WALTHER, T, WEISS, P, VAN DER WEL, M, WERNER, IM, WESTERHOLM, PJ, WESTHEIDE, C, WIKA, HC, HAPNES, E, WIPPLINGER, E, BOGOEV, D, WOLF, M, WOLFF, CCP, WOLK, L, WONG, W, WRAMPELMEYER, J, WU, Z, XIA, S, XIU, D, HARRIS, JH, XU, K, XU, C, CORREA, SB, YADAV, PK, YAGÜE, J, YAN, C, YANG, A, YOO, W, YU, W, YU, Y, HARRIS, L, YU, S, YUESHEN, BZ, YUFEROVA, D, BONDARENKO, O, ZAMOJSKI, M, ZAREEI, A, ZEISBERGER, SM, ZHANG, L, ZHANG, SS, ZHANG, X, HARTMANN, S, ZHAO, L, ZHONG, Z, ZHOU, ZI, ZHOU, C, BOS, CS, ZHU, XS, ZOICAN, M, ZWINKELS, R, BOSCH‐ROSA, C, BOURI, E, HASSE, J, BROWNLEES, C, CALAMIA, A, CAO, VN, CAPELLE‐BLANCARD, G, ROMERO, LMC, CAPORIN, M, CARRION, A, CASKURLU, T, CHAKRABARTY, B, CHEN, J, HAUTSCH, N, CHERNOV, M, CHEUNG, W, CHINCARINI, LB, CHORDIA, T, CHOW, S, CLAPHAM, B, COLLIARD, J, COMERTON‐FORDE, C, CURRAN, E, DAO, T, HE, X, DARE, W, DAVIES, RJ, DE BLASIS, R, DE NARD, GF, DECLERCK, F, DEEV, O, DEGRYSE, H, DEKU, SY, DESAGRE, C, VAN DIJK, MA, HEATH, D, DIM, C, DIMPFL, T, DONG, YJ, DRUMMOND, PA, DUDDA, T, DUEVSKI, T, DUMITRESCU, A, DYAKOV, T, DYHRBERG, AH, DZIELIŃSKI, M, AIT‐SAHALIA, Y, EKSI, A, KALAK, IE, ELLEN, ST, EUGSTER, N, EVANS, MDD, FARRELL, M, FELEZ‐VINAS, E, FERRARA, G, FERROUHI, EM, FLORI, A, HEDIGER, S, FLUHARTY‐JAIDEE, JT, FOLEY, SDV, FONG, KYL, FOUCAULT, T, FRANUS, T, FRANZONI, F, FRIJNS, B, FRÖMMEL, M, FU, SM, FÜLLBRUNN, SC, HENDERSHOTT, T, GAN, B, GAO, G, GEHRIG, TP, HIBBERT, AM, HJALMARSSON, E, HOELSCHER, SA, HOFFMANN, P, HOLDEN, CW, HORENSTEIN, AR, HUANG, W, HUANG, D, AKMANSOY, O, HURLIN, C, ILCZUK, K, IVASHCHENKO, A, IYER, SR, JAHANSHAHLOO, H, JALKH, N, JONES, CM, JURKATIS, S, JYLHÄ, P, KAECK, AT, ALCOCK, JT, KAISER, G, KARAM, A, KARMAZIENE, E, KASSNER, B, KAUSTIA, M, KAZAK, E, KEARNEY, F, VAN KERVEL, V, KHAN, SA, KHOMYN, MK, ALEXEEV, V, KLEIN, T, KLEIN, O, KLOS, A, KOETTER, M, KOLOKOLOV, A, KORAJCZYK, RA, KOZHAN, R, KRAHNEN, JP, KUHLE, P, KWAN, A, ALOOSH, A, LAJAUNIE, Q, LAM, FYEC, LAMBERT, M, LANGLOIS, H, LAUSEN, J, LAUTER, T, LEIPPOLD, M, LEVIN, V, LI, Y, LI, H, AMATO, L, LIEW, CY, LINDNER, T, LINTON, O, LIU, J, LIU, A, LLORENTE, G, LOF, M, LOHR, A, LONGSTAFF, F, LOPEZ‐LIRA, A, AMAYA, D, MANKAD, S, MENKVELD, AJ, DREBER, A, HOLZMEISTER, F, HUBER, J, JOHANNESSON, M, KIRCHLER, M, NEUSÜß, S, RAZEN, M, WEITZEL, U, ABAD‐DÍAZ, D, ABUDY, M, MANO, N, MARCHAL, A, MARTINEAU, C, MAZZOLA, F, MELOSO, D, MI, MG, MIHET, R, MOHAN, V, MOINAS, S, ANGEL, JJ, GEMAYEL, R, MOORE, D, MU, L, MURAVYEV, D, MURPHY, D, NESZVEDA, G, NEUMEIER, C, NIELSSON, U, NIMALENDRAN, M, NOLTE, S, NORDEN, LL, GERRITSEN, D, AVETIKIAN, AT, O'NEILL, P, OBAID, K, ØDEGAARD, BA, ÖSTBERG, P, PAGNOTTA, E, PAINTER, M, PALAN, S, PALIT, IJ, PARK, A, GIL‐BAZO, J, PASCUAL, R, BACH, A, PASQUARIELLO, P, PASTOR, L, PATEL, V, PATTON, AJ, PEARSON, ND, PELIZZON, L, PELLI, M, PELSTER, M, GILDER, D, PÉRIGNON, C, PFIFFER, C, BAIDOO, E, PHILIP, R, PLÍHAL, T, PRAKASH, P, PRESS, O, PRODROMOU, T, PROKOPCZUK, M, PUTNINS, T, GLOSTEN, LR, QIAN, Y, RAIZADA, G, RAKOWSKI, D, BAKALLI, G, RANALDO, A, REGIS, L, REITZ, S, RENAULT, T, RENJIE, RW, RENO, R, GOMEZ, T, RIDDIOUGH, SJ, RINNE, K, RINTAMÄKI, P, RIORDAN, R, BAO, L, RITTMANNSBERGER, T, LONGARELA, IR, ROESCH, D, ROGNONE, L, ROSEMAN, B, GORBENKO, A, ROŞU, I, ROY, S, RUDOLF, N, RUSH, SR, RZAYEV, K, BARBON, A, RZEŹNIK, AA, SANFORD, A, SANKARAN, H, SARKAR, A, GRAMMIG, J, SARNO, L, SCAILLET, O, SCHARNOWSKI, S, SCHENK‐HOPPÉ, KR, SCHERTLER, A, SCHNEIDER, M, BASHCHENKO, O, SCHROEDER, F, SCHÜRHOFF, N, SCHUSTER, P, GRÉGOIRE, V, SCHWARZ, MA, SEASHOLES, MS, SEEGER, NJ, SHACHAR, O, SHKILKO, A, SHUI, J, SIKIC, M, BINDRA, PC, SIMION, G, SMALES, LA, GÜÇBILMEZ, U, SÖDERLIND, P, SOJLI, E, SOKOLOV, K, SÖNKSEN, J, SPOKEVICIUTE, L, STEFANOVA, D, SUBRAHMANYAM, MG, SZASZI, B, BJØNNES, GH, TALAVERA, O, ADRIAN, T, TANG, Y, TAYLOR, N, THAM, W, THEISSEN, E, THIMME, J, TONKS, I, TRAN, H, TRAPIN, L, TROLLE, AB, BLACK, JR, HAGSTRÖMER, B, VADUVA, MA, VALENTE, G, VAN NESS, RA, VASQUEZ, A, VEROUSIS, T, VERWIJMEREN, P, VILHELMSSON, A, VILKOV, G, VLADIMIROV, V, VOGEL, S, HAMBUCKERS, J, BLACK, BS, VOIGT, S, WAGNER, W, WALTHER, T, WEISS, P, VAN DER WEL, M, WERNER, IM, WESTERHOLM, PJ, WESTHEIDE, C, WIKA, HC, HAPNES, E, WIPPLINGER, E, BOGOEV, D, WOLF, M, WOLFF, CCP, WOLK, L, WONG, W, WRAMPELMEYER, J, WU, Z, XIA, S, XIU, D, HARRIS, JH, XU, K, XU, C, CORREA, SB, YADAV, PK, YAGÜE, J, YAN, C, YANG, A, YOO, W, YU, W, YU, Y, HARRIS, L, YU, S, YUESHEN, BZ, YUFEROVA, D, BONDARENKO, O, ZAMOJSKI, M, ZAREEI, A, ZEISBERGER, SM, ZHANG, L, ZHANG, SS, ZHANG, X, HARTMANN, S, ZHAO, L, ZHONG, Z, ZHOU, ZI, ZHOU, C, BOS, CS, ZHU, XS, ZOICAN, M, ZWINKELS, R, BOSCH‐ROSA, C, BOURI, E, HASSE, J, BROWNLEES, C, CALAMIA, A, CAO, VN, CAPELLE‐BLANCARD, G, ROMERO, LMC, CAPORIN, M, CARRION, A, CASKURLU, T, CHAKRABARTY, B, CHEN, J, HAUTSCH, N, CHERNOV, M, CHEUNG, W, CHINCARINI, LB, CHORDIA, T, CHOW, S, CLAPHAM, B, COLLIARD, J, COMERTON‐FORDE, C, CURRAN, E, DAO, T, HE, X, DARE, W, DAVIES, RJ, DE BLASIS, R, DE NARD, GF, DECLERCK, F, DEEV, O, DEGRYSE, H, DEKU, SY, DESAGRE, C, VAN DIJK, MA, HEATH, D, DIM, C, DIMPFL, T, DONG, YJ, DRUMMOND, PA, DUDDA, T, DUEVSKI, T, DUMITRESCU, A, DYAKOV, T, DYHRBERG, AH, DZIELIŃSKI, M, AIT‐SAHALIA, Y, EKSI, A, KALAK, IE, ELLEN, ST, EUGSTER, N, EVANS, MDD, FARRELL, M, FELEZ‐VINAS, E, FERRARA, G, FERROUHI, EM, FLORI, A, HEDIGER, S, FLUHARTY‐JAIDEE, JT, FOLEY, SDV, FONG, KYL, FOUCAULT, T, FRANUS, T, FRANZONI, F, FRIJNS, B, FRÖMMEL, M, FU, SM, FÜLLBRUNN, SC, HENDERSHOTT, T, GAN, B, GAO, G, GEHRIG, TP, HIBBERT, AM, HJALMARSSON, E, HOELSCHER, SA, HOFFMANN, P, HOLDEN, CW, HORENSTEIN, AR, HUANG, W, HUANG, D, AKMANSOY, O, HURLIN, C, ILCZUK, K, IVASHCHENKO, A, IYER, SR, JAHANSHAHLOO, H, JALKH, N, JONES, CM, JURKATIS, S, JYLHÄ, P, KAECK, AT, ALCOCK, JT, KAISER, G, KARAM, A, KARMAZIENE, E, KASSNER, B, KAUSTIA, M, KAZAK, E, KEARNEY, F, VAN KERVEL, V, KHAN, SA, KHOMYN, MK, ALEXEEV, V, KLEIN, T, KLEIN, O, KLOS, A, KOETTER, M, KOLOKOLOV, A, KORAJCZYK, RA, KOZHAN, R, KRAHNEN, JP, KUHLE, P, KWAN, A, ALOOSH, A, LAJAUNIE, Q, LAM, FYEC, LAMBERT, M, LANGLOIS, H, LAUSEN, J, LAUTER, T, LEIPPOLD, M, LEVIN, V, LI, Y, LI, H, AMATO, L, LIEW, CY, LINDNER, T, LINTON, O, LIU, J, LIU, A, LLORENTE, G, LOF, M, LOHR, A, LONGSTAFF, F, LOPEZ‐LIRA, A, AMAYA, D, and MANKAD, S
Abstract: ABSTRACTIn statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data‐generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence‐generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty—nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer‐review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.
Published: 2024

5. Projekt Kreativmarkt @Smartfeld: Making, Entrepreneurship & Upcycling mit Primarschulkindern

Author: Racipi, Fatmir, Eugster, Stephanie, Hutter, Céline, Racipi, Fatmir, Eugster, Stephanie, and Hutter, Céline
Abstract: Der Beitrag stellt das Projekt Kreativmarkt @Smartfeld und dessen Effekte bezüglich Selbstvertrauen, Selbstständigkeit, Selbstwirksamkeit und Durchhaltewillen von Kindern aus der 5. und 6. Primarschulklasse vor, welche im Rahmen eines Pilots untersucht wurden. Beim Kreativmarkt handelt es sich um ein interdisziplinäres Projekt zur Förderung von Zukunftskompetenzen und Entrepreneurship des Bildungslabors Smartfeld in St. Gallen, Schweiz. Für den Kreativmarkt @Smartfeld entwickelten Kinder in ihrer Freizeit ein Produkt oder ein Dienstleistungsangebot, welches sie während der publikumsoffenen Veranstaltung an die Öffentlichkeit verkauften. Dazu besuchten sie fünf Workshops mit verschiedenen Themenschwerpunkten wie Design Thinking, Entrepreneurship, finanzielle Bildung und Upcycling. Begleitend zum Projekt wurde in einer Studie (n = 36) untersucht, inwiefern sich die Teilnahme auf das Selbstvertrauen, die Selbstständigkeit, die Selbstwirksamkeit und das Durchhaltevermögen auswirkt. Beim Selbstvertrauen und der Selbstständigkeit wurden positive Effekte festgestellt, bei der Selbstwirksamkeit und dem Durchhaltevermögen waren die Effekte negativ. Die Ergebnisse aus der quantitativen Befragung waren nicht signifikant. Ergänzend wurden mit einigen Kindern (n = 5) Interviews durchgeführt. Diese haben ergeben, dass die Schüler:innen es schätzten beim Projekt eigenständig ein Produkt entwickeln und so ihre eigenen Ideen in die Tat umzusetzen zu können. Weiter haben sie auf verschiedenen Ebenen dazugelernt, wie beispielsweise bei der Produktion oder der Preisgestaltung. Auch die kollaborative Arbeitsweise empfanden die Kinder als wichtig und bereichernd. Nicht zuletzt hat ihnen die Teilnahme Spass gemacht und die Freude über den eigens erwirtschafteten Gewinn war gross., The article presents the project Kreativmarkt @Smartfeld and its effects on self-confidence, self-reliance, self-efficacy and perseverance of children from the 5th and 6th primary school classes, which were investigated within the framework of a pilot. The Kreativmarkt is an interdisciplinary project for the promotion of future competencies and entrepreneurship of the Smartfeld educational laboratory in St. Gallen, Switzerland. For the Kreativmarkt @Smartfeld, children developed a product or service offer in their spare time, which they sold to the public during the open-to-the-public event. To do this, they attended five workshops with different thematic focuses such as design thinking, entrepreneurship, financial education and upcycling. Accompanying the project, a study (n = 36) examined the extent to which participation affects self-confidence, self-reliance, self-efficacy and perseverance. Positive effects were found for self-confidence and independence, negative effects were found for self-efficacy and perseverance. The results from the quantitative survey were not significant. In addition, interviews were conducted with some children (n = 5). These showed that the pupils appreciated being able to develop a product independently in the project and thus put their own ideas into practice. Furthermore, they learned on different levels, such as production or pricing. The children also found the collaborative way of working important and enriching. Last but not least, they enjoyed participating and were very happy about the profit they made.
Published: 2024

6. Non-Standard Errors

Author: Leerstoel Stigchel, Helmholtz Institute, Experimental Psychology (onderzoeksprogramma PF), Finance, UU LEG Research UUSE Multidisciplinary Economics, Sub General Pharmaceutics, Menkveld, Albert J., Abudy, Menachem (Meni), Grammig, Joachim, Gregoire, Vincent, Hagströmer, Björn, Hambuckers, Julien, Hapnes, Erik, Harris, Jeffrey H., Harris, Lawrence, Hartmann, Simon, Hasse, Jean-Baptiste, Hautsch, Nikolaus, Adrian, Tobias, He, Xue-Zhong 'Tony', Heath, Davidson, Hediger, Simon, Hendershott, Terrence J., Hibbert, Ann Marie, Hjalmarsson, Erik, Hoelscher, Seth, Hoffmann, Peter, Holden, Craig W., Horenstein, Alex R., Ait-Sahalia, Yacine, Huang, Wenqian, Huang, Da, Hurlin, Christophe, Ivashchenko, Alexey, Iyer, Subramanian R., Jahanshahloo, Hossein, Jalkh, Naji, Jones, Charles M., Jurkatis, Simon, Jylha, Petri, Akmansoy, Olivier, Kaeck, Andreas, Kaiser, Gabriel, Karam, Arzé, Karmaziene, Egle, Kassner, Bernhard, Kaustia, Markku, Kazak, Ekaterina, Kearney, Fearghal, van Kervel, Vincent, Khan, Saad, Alcock, Jamie, Khomyn, Marta, Klein, Tony, Klein, Olga, Klos, Alexander, Koetter, Michael, Krahnen, Jan Pieter, Kolokolov, Aleksey, Korajczyk, Robert A., Kozhan, Roman, Kwan, Amy, Alexeev, Vitali, Lajaunie, Quentin, Lam, Full Yet Eric Campbell, Lambert, Marie, Langlois, Hugues, Lausen, Jens, Lauter, Tobias, Leippold, Markus, Levin, Vladimir, Li, Yijie, Li, (Michael) Hui, Aloosh, Arash, Liew, Chee Yoong, Lindner, Thomas, Linton, Oliver B., Liu, Jiacheng, Liu, Anqi, Llorente-Alvarez, Jesus-Guillermo, Lof, Matthijs, Lohr, Ariel, Longstaff, Francis A., Lopez-Lira, Alejandro, Amato, Livia, Mankad, Shawn, Mano, Nicola, Marchal, Alexis, Martineau, Charles, Mazzola, Francesco, Meloso, Debrah C, Mihet, Roxana, Mohan, Vijay, Moinas, Sophie, Moore, David, Amaya, Diego, Mu, Liangyi, Muravyev, Dmitriy, Murphy, Dermot, Neszveda, Gabor, Neumeier, Christian, Nielsson, Ulf, Nimalendran, Mahendrarajah, Nolte, Sven, Nordén, Lars L., O'Neill, Peter, Angel, James J., Obaid, Khaled, Ødegaard, Bernt Arne, Östberg, Per, Painter, Marcus, Palan, Stefan, Palit, Imon, Park, Andreas, Pascual Gascó, Roberto, Pasquariello, Paolo, Pastor, Lubos, Dreber, Anna, Bach, Amadeus, Patel, Vinay, Patton, Andrew J., Pearson, Neil D., Pelizzon, Loriana, Pelster, Matthias, Pérignon, Christophe, Pfiffer, Cameron, Philip, Richard, Plíhal, Tomáš, Prakash, Puneet, Baidoo, Edwin, Press, Oliver-Alexander, Prodromou, Tina, Putnins, Talis J., Raizada, Gaurav, Rakowski, David A., Ranaldo, Angelo, Regis, Luca, Reitz, Stefan, Renault, Thomas, Wang, Renjie, Bakalli, Gaetan, Renò, Roberto, Riddiough, Steven, Rinne, Kalle, Rintamäki, Paul, Riordan, Ryan, Rittmannsberger, Thomas, Rodríguez Longarela, Iñaki, Rösch, Dominik, Rognone, Lavinia, Roseman, Brian, Barbon, Andrea, Rosu, Ioanid, Roy, Saurabh, Rudolf, Nicolas, Rush, Stephen, Rzayev, Khaladdin, Rzeźnik, Aleksandra, Sanford, Anthony, Sankaran, Harikumar, Sarkar, Asani, Sarno, Lucio, Bashchenko, Oksana, Scaillet, Olivier, Scharnowski, Stefan, Schenk-Hoppé, Klaus Reiner, Schertler, Andrea, Schneider, Michael, Schroeder, Florian, Schürhoff, Norman, Schuster, Philipp, Schwarz, Marco A., Seasholes, Mark S., Bindra, Parampreet Christopher, Seeger, Norman, Shachar, Or, Shkilko, Andriy, Shui, Jessica, Sikic, Mario, Simion, Giorgia, Smales, Lee A., Söderlind, Paul, Sojli, Elvira, Sokolov, Konstantin, Bjonnes, Geir Hoidal, Spokeviciute, Laima, Stefanova, Denitsa, Subrahmanyam, Marti G., Neusüss, Sebastian, Szaszi, Barnabas, Talavera, Oleksandr, Tang, Yuehua, Taylor, Nicholas, Tham, Wing Wah, Theissen, Erik, Black, Jeffrey R., Thimme, Julian, Tonks, Ian, Tran, Hai, Trapin, Luca, Trolle, Anders B., Valente, Giorgio, Van Ness, Robert A., Vasquez, Aurelio, Verousis, Thanos, Verwijmeren, Patrick, Black, Bernard S., Vilhelmsson, Anders, Vilkov, Grigory, Vladimirov, Vladimir, Vogel, Sebastian, Voigt, Stefan, Wagner, Wolf, Walther, Thomas, Weiss, Patrick, van der Wel, Michel, Werner, Ingrid M., Bohorquez, Santiago, Westerholm, P. Joakim, Westheide, Christian, Wipplinger, Evert, Wolf, Michael, Wolff, Christian C. P., Wolk, Leonard, Wong, Wing-Keung, Wrampelmeyer, Jan, Xia, Shuo, Xiu, Dacheng, Holzmeister, Felix, Bondarenko, Oleg, Xu, Ke, Xu, Caihong, Yadav, Pradeep K., Yagüe, José, Yan, Cheng, Yang, Antti, Yoo, Woongsun, Yu, Wenjia, Yu, Shihao, Yueshen, Bart Zhou, Bos, Charles S., Yuferova, Darya, Zamojski, Marcin, Zareei, Abalfazl, Zeisberger, Stefan, Zhang, Lu, Zhang, Xiaoyu, Zhong, Zhuo, Zhou, Z. Ivy, Zhou, Chen, Zhu, Xingyu, Bosch-Rosa, Ciril, Zoican, Marius, Zwinkels, Remco C.J., Chen, Jian, Duevski, Teodor, Gao, Ge, Gemayel, Roland, Gilder, Dudley, Kuhle, Paul, Pagnotta, Emiliano, Pelli, Michele, Bouri, Elie, Sönksen, Jantje, Ilczuk, Konrad, Bogoev, Dimitar, Qian, Ya, Wika, Hans C., Yu, Yihe, Zhao, Lu, Mi, Michael, Bao, Li, Brownlees, Christian T., Vaduva, Andreea, Prokopczuk, Marcel, Avetikian, Alejandro, Wu, Zhen-Xing, Calamia, Anna, Cao, Viet Nga, Capelle-Blancard, Gunther, Capera, Laura, Caporin, Massimiliano, Huber, Juergen, Carrion, Allen, Caskurlu, Tolga, Chakrabarty, Bidisha, Chernov, Mikhail, Cheung, William Ming Yan, Chincarini, Ludwig B., Chordia, Tarun, Chow, Sheung Chi, Clapham, Benjamin, Colliard, Jean-Edouard, Johanneson, Magnus, Comerton-Forde, Carole, Curran, Edward, Dao, Thong, Dare, Wale, Davies, Ryan J., De Blasis, Riccardo, De Nard, Gianluca, Declerck, Fany, Deev, Oleg, Degryse, Hans, Kirchler, Michael, Deku, Solomon, Desagre, Christophe, Dim, Chukwuma, Dimpfl, Thomas, Dong, Yun Jiang, Drummond, Philip, Dudda, Tom, Dumitrescu, Ariadna, Dyakov, Teodor, Razen, Michael, Dyhrberg, Anne Haubo, Dzieliński, Michał, Eksi, Asli, El Kalak, Izidin, ter Ellen, Saskia, Eugster, Nicolas, Evans, Martin D.D., Farrell, Michael, Félez-Viñas, Ester, Ferrara, Gerardo, Weitzel, Utz, FERROUHI, El Mehdi, Flori, Andrea, Fluharty-Jaidee, Jonathan, Foley, Sean, Fong, Kingsley Y. L., Foucault, Thierry, Franus, Tatiana, Franzoni, Francesco A., Frijns, Bart, Frömmel, Michael, Abad, David, Fu, Servanna Mianjun, Füllbrunn, Sascha, Gan, Baoqing, Gehrig, Thomas, Gerritsen, Dirk, Gil-Bazo, Javier, Glosten, Lawrence R., Gomez, Thomas, Gorbenko, Arseny, Güçbilmez, Ufuk, Van Dijk, Matthijs A., Leerstoel Stigchel, Helmholtz Institute, Experimental Psychology (onderzoeksprogramma PF), Finance, UU LEG Research UUSE Multidisciplinary Economics, Sub General Pharmaceutics, Menkveld, Albert J., Abudy, Menachem (Meni), Grammig, Joachim, Gregoire, Vincent, Hagströmer, Björn, Hambuckers, Julien, Hapnes, Erik, Harris, Jeffrey H., Harris, Lawrence, Hartmann, Simon, Hasse, Jean-Baptiste, Hautsch, Nikolaus, Adrian, Tobias, He, Xue-Zhong 'Tony', Heath, Davidson, Hediger, Simon, Hendershott, Terrence J., Hibbert, Ann Marie, Hjalmarsson, Erik, Hoelscher, Seth, Hoffmann, Peter, Holden, Craig W., Horenstein, Alex R., Ait-Sahalia, Yacine, Huang, Wenqian, Huang, Da, Hurlin, Christophe, Ivashchenko, Alexey, Iyer, Subramanian R., Jahanshahloo, Hossein, Jalkh, Naji, Jones, Charles M., Jurkatis, Simon, Jylha, Petri, Akmansoy, Olivier, Kaeck, Andreas, Kaiser, Gabriel, Karam, Arzé, Karmaziene, Egle, Kassner, Bernhard, Kaustia, Markku, Kazak, Ekaterina, Kearney, Fearghal, van Kervel, Vincent, Khan, Saad, Alcock, Jamie, Khomyn, Marta, Klein, Tony, Klein, Olga, Klos, Alexander, Koetter, Michael, Krahnen, Jan Pieter, Kolokolov, Aleksey, Korajczyk, Robert A., Kozhan, Roman, Kwan, Amy, Alexeev, Vitali, Lajaunie, Quentin, Lam, Full Yet Eric Campbell, Lambert, Marie, Langlois, Hugues, Lausen, Jens, Lauter, Tobias, Leippold, Markus, Levin, Vladimir, Li, Yijie, Li, (Michael) Hui, Aloosh, Arash, Liew, Chee Yoong, Lindner, Thomas, Linton, Oliver B., Liu, Jiacheng, Liu, Anqi, Llorente-Alvarez, Jesus-Guillermo, Lof, Matthijs, Lohr, Ariel, Longstaff, Francis A., Lopez-Lira, Alejandro, Amato, Livia, Mankad, Shawn, Mano, Nicola, Marchal, Alexis, Martineau, Charles, Mazzola, Francesco, Meloso, Debrah C, Mihet, Roxana, Mohan, Vijay, Moinas, Sophie, Moore, David, Amaya, Diego, Mu, Liangyi, Muravyev, Dmitriy, Murphy, Dermot, Neszveda, Gabor, Neumeier, Christian, Nielsson, Ulf, Nimalendran, Mahendrarajah, Nolte, Sven, Nordén, Lars L., O'Neill, Peter, Angel, James J., Obaid, Khaled, Ødegaard, Bernt Arne, Östberg, Per, Painter, Marcus, Palan, Stefan, Palit, Imon, Park, Andreas, Pascual Gascó, Roberto, Pasquariello, Paolo, Pastor, Lubos, Dreber, Anna, Bach, Amadeus, Patel, Vinay, Patton, Andrew J., Pearson, Neil D., Pelizzon, Loriana, Pelster, Matthias, Pérignon, Christophe, Pfiffer, Cameron, Philip, Richard, Plíhal, Tomáš, Prakash, Puneet, Baidoo, Edwin, Press, Oliver-Alexander, Prodromou, Tina, Putnins, Talis J., Raizada, Gaurav, Rakowski, David A., Ranaldo, Angelo, Regis, Luca, Reitz, Stefan, Renault, Thomas, Wang, Renjie, Bakalli, Gaetan, Renò, Roberto, Riddiough, Steven, Rinne, Kalle, Rintamäki, Paul, Riordan, Ryan, Rittmannsberger, Thomas, Rodríguez Longarela, Iñaki, Rösch, Dominik, Rognone, Lavinia, Roseman, Brian, Barbon, Andrea, Rosu, Ioanid, Roy, Saurabh, Rudolf, Nicolas, Rush, Stephen, Rzayev, Khaladdin, Rzeźnik, Aleksandra, Sanford, Anthony, Sankaran, Harikumar, Sarkar, Asani, Sarno, Lucio, Bashchenko, Oksana, Scaillet, Olivier, Scharnowski, Stefan, Schenk-Hoppé, Klaus Reiner, Schertler, Andrea, Schneider, Michael, Schroeder, Florian, Schürhoff, Norman, Schuster, Philipp, Schwarz, Marco A., Seasholes, Mark S., Bindra, Parampreet Christopher, Seeger, Norman, Shachar, Or, Shkilko, Andriy, Shui, Jessica, Sikic, Mario, Simion, Giorgia, Smales, Lee A., Söderlind, Paul, Sojli, Elvira, Sokolov, Konstantin, Bjonnes, Geir Hoidal, Spokeviciute, Laima, Stefanova, Denitsa, Subrahmanyam, Marti G., Neusüss, Sebastian, Szaszi, Barnabas, Talavera, Oleksandr, Tang, Yuehua, Taylor, Nicholas, Tham, Wing Wah, Theissen, Erik, Black, Jeffrey R., Thimme, Julian, Tonks, Ian, Tran, Hai, Trapin, Luca, Trolle, Anders B., Valente, Giorgio, Van Ness, Robert A., Vasquez, Aurelio, Verousis, Thanos, Verwijmeren, Patrick, Black, Bernard S., Vilhelmsson, Anders, Vilkov, Grigory, Vladimirov, Vladimir, Vogel, Sebastian, Voigt, Stefan, Wagner, Wolf, Walther, Thomas, Weiss, Patrick, van der Wel, Michel, Werner, Ingrid M., Bohorquez, Santiago, Westerholm, P. Joakim, Westheide, Christian, Wipplinger, Evert, Wolf, Michael, Wolff, Christian C. P., Wolk, Leonard, Wong, Wing-Keung, Wrampelmeyer, Jan, Xia, Shuo, Xiu, Dacheng, Holzmeister, Felix, Bondarenko, Oleg, Xu, Ke, Xu, Caihong, Yadav, Pradeep K., Yagüe, José, Yan, Cheng, Yang, Antti, Yoo, Woongsun, Yu, Wenjia, Yu, Shihao, Yueshen, Bart Zhou, Bos, Charles S., Yuferova, Darya, Zamojski, Marcin, Zareei, Abalfazl, Zeisberger, Stefan, Zhang, Lu, Zhang, Xiaoyu, Zhong, Zhuo, Zhou, Z. Ivy, Zhou, Chen, Zhu, Xingyu, Bosch-Rosa, Ciril, Zoican, Marius, Zwinkels, Remco C.J., Chen, Jian, Duevski, Teodor, Gao, Ge, Gemayel, Roland, Gilder, Dudley, Kuhle, Paul, Pagnotta, Emiliano, Pelli, Michele, Bouri, Elie, Sönksen, Jantje, Ilczuk, Konrad, Bogoev, Dimitar, Qian, Ya, Wika, Hans C., Yu, Yihe, Zhao, Lu, Mi, Michael, Bao, Li, Brownlees, Christian T., Vaduva, Andreea, Prokopczuk, Marcel, Avetikian, Alejandro, Wu, Zhen-Xing, Calamia, Anna, Cao, Viet Nga, Capelle-Blancard, Gunther, Capera, Laura, Caporin, Massimiliano, Huber, Juergen, Carrion, Allen, Caskurlu, Tolga, Chakrabarty, Bidisha, Chernov, Mikhail, Cheung, William Ming Yan, Chincarini, Ludwig B., Chordia, Tarun, Chow, Sheung Chi, Clapham, Benjamin, Colliard, Jean-Edouard, Johanneson, Magnus, Comerton-Forde, Carole, Curran, Edward, Dao, Thong, Dare, Wale, Davies, Ryan J., De Blasis, Riccardo, De Nard, Gianluca, Declerck, Fany, Deev, Oleg, Degryse, Hans, Kirchler, Michael, Deku, Solomon, Desagre, Christophe, Dim, Chukwuma, Dimpfl, Thomas, Dong, Yun Jiang, Drummond, Philip, Dudda, Tom, Dumitrescu, Ariadna, Dyakov, Teodor, Razen, Michael, Dyhrberg, Anne Haubo, Dzieliński, Michał, Eksi, Asli, El Kalak, Izidin, ter Ellen, Saskia, Eugster, Nicolas, Evans, Martin D.D., Farrell, Michael, Félez-Viñas, Ester, Ferrara, Gerardo, Weitzel, Utz, FERROUHI, El Mehdi, Flori, Andrea, Fluharty-Jaidee, Jonathan, Foley, Sean, Fong, Kingsley Y. L., Foucault, Thierry, Franus, Tatiana, Franzoni, Francesco A., Frijns, Bart, Frömmel, Michael, Abad, David, Fu, Servanna Mianjun, Füllbrunn, Sascha, Gan, Baoqing, Gehrig, Thomas, Gerritsen, Dirk, Gil-Bazo, Javier, Glosten, Lawrence R., Gomez, Thomas, Gorbenko, Arseny, Güçbilmez, Ufuk, and Van Dijk, Matthijs A.
Published: 2024

7. Blended Learning : Implikationen für die Gestaltung an Hochschulen

Author: Eugster, Balthasar, Müller, Claude, Zellweger, Franziska, Eugster, Balthasar, Müller, Claude, and Zellweger, Franziska
Published: 2024

8. Autoantibodies against ATP4A are a feature of the abundant autoimmunity that develops in first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes

Author: Zielmann, Marie-Luise, Jolink, Manja, Winkler, Christiane, Eugster, Anne, Müller, Denise, Scholz, Marlon, Ziegler, Anette-G., Bonifacio, Ezio, Zielmann, Marie-Luise, Jolink, Manja, Winkler, Christiane, Eugster, Anne, Müller, Denise, Scholz, Marlon, Ziegler, Anette-G., and Bonifacio, Ezio
Abstract: Objective: Type 1 diabetes is associated with autoantibodies to different organs that include the gut. The objective of the study was to determine the risk of developing gastric parietal cell autoimmunity in relation to other autoimmunity in individuals with a family history of type 1 diabetes. Methods: Autoantibodies to the parietal cell autoantigen, H+/K+ ATPase subunit A (ATP4A) was measured in 2218 first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes, who were prospectively followed from birth for a median of 14.5 years. All were also tested regularly for the development of islet autoantibodies, transglutaminase autoantibodies, and thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies. Results: The cumulative risk to develop ATP4A autoantibodies was 8.1% (95% CI, 6.6–9.6) by age 20 years with a maximum incidence observed at age 2 years. Risk was increased in females (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3–2.8; p = 0.0004), relatives with the HLA DR4-DQ8/DR4-DQ8 genotype (HR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.9–5.9; p < 0.0001) and in participants who also had thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (HR, 3.7; 95% CI, 2.5– 5.5; p < 0.0001). Risk for at least one of ATP4A-, islet-, transglutaminase-, or thyroid peroxidase-autoantibodies was 24.7% (95% CI, 22.6–26.7) by age 20 years and was 47.3% (95% CI, 41.3–53.3) in relatives who had an HLA DR3/DR4-DQ8, DR4-DQ8/ DR4-DQ8, or DR3/DR3 genotype (p < 0.0001 vs. other genotypes). Conclusions: Relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes who have risk genotypes are at very high risk for the development of autoimmunity against gastric and other organs.
Published: 2024

9. Non-Standard Errors

Author: Menkveld, AJ, Dreber, A, Holzmeister, F, Huber, J, Johanneson, M, Kirchler, M, Razen, M, Weitzel, U, Abad, D, Abudy, MM, Adrian, T, Gregoire, V, Hagströmer, B, Hambuckers, J, Hapnes, E, Harris, JH, Harris, L, Hartmann, S, Hasse, J-B, Hautsch, N, He, X-ZT, Ait-Sahalia, Y, Heath, D, Hediger, S, Hendershott, TJ, Hibbert, AM, Hjalmarsson, E, Hoelscher, S, Hoffmann, P, Holden, CW, Horenstein, AR, Huang, W, Akmansoy, O, Huang, D, Hurlin, C, Ivashchenko, A, Iyer, SR, Jahanshahloo, H, Jalkh, N, Jones, CM, Jurkatis, S, Jylha, P, Kaeck, A, Alcock, J, Kaiser, G, Karam, A, Karmaziene, E, Kassner, B, Kaustia, M, Kazak, E, Kearney, F, van Kervel, V, Khan, S, Khomyn, M, Alexeev, V, Klein, T, Klein, O, Klos, A, Koetter, M, Krahnen, JP, Kolokolov, A, Korajczyk, RA, Kozhan, R, Kwan, A, Lajaunie, Q, Aloosh, A, Lam, FYEC, Lambert, M, Langlois, H, Lausen, J, Lauter, T, Leippold, M, Levin, V, Li, Y, Li, MH, Liew, CY, Amato, L, Lindner, T, Linton, OB, Liu, J, Liu, A, Llorente-Alvarez, J-G, Lof, M, Lohr, A, Longstaff, FA, Lopez-Lira, A, Mankad, S, Amaya, D, Mano, N, Marchal, A, Martineau, C, Mazzola, F, Meloso, DC, Mihet, R, Mohan, V, Moinas, S, Moore, D, Mu, L, Angel, JJ, Muravyev, D, Murphy, D, Neszveda, G, Neumeier, C, Nielsson, U, Nimalendran, M, Nolte, S, Nordén, LL, O'Neill, P, Obaid, K, Bach, A, Ødegaard, BA, Östberg, P, Painter, M, Palan, S, Palit, I, Park, A, Pascual Gascó, R, Pasquariello, P, Pastor, L, Patel, V, Baidoo, E, Patton, AJ, Pearson, ND, Pelizzon, L, Pelster, M, Pérignon, C, Pfiffer, C, Philip, R, Plíhal, T, Prakash, P, Press, O-A, Bakalli, G, Prodromou, T, Putnins, TJ, Raizada, G, Rakowski, DA, Ranaldo, A, Regis, L, Reitz, S, Renault, T, Wang, R, Renò, R, Barbon, A, Riddiough, S, Rinne, K, Rintamäki, P, Riordan, R, RITTMANNSBERGER, T, Rodríguez Longarela, I, Rösch, D, Rognone, L, Roseman, B, Rosu, I, Bashchenko, O, Roy, S, Rudolf, N, Rush, S, Rzayev, K, Rzeźnik, A, Sanford, A, Sankaran, H, Sarkar, A, Sarno, L, Scaillet, O, Bindra, PC, Scharnowski, S, Schenk-Hoppé, KR, Schertler, A, Schneider, M, Schroeder, F, Schürhoff, N, Schuster, P, Schwarz, MA, Seasholes, MS, Seeger, N, Bjonnes, GH, Shachar, O, Shkilko, A, Shui, J, Sikic, M, Simion, G, Smales, LA, Söderlind, P, Sojli, E, Sokolov, K, Spokeviciute, L, Black, JR, Stefanova, D, Subrahmanyam, MG, Neusüss, S, Szaszi, B, Talavera, O, Tang, Y, Taylor, N, Tham, WW, Theissen, E, Thimme, J, Black, BS, Tonks, I, Tran, H, Trapin, L, Trolle, AB, Vaduva, M, Valente, G, Van Ness, RA, Vasquez, A, Verousis, T, Verwijmeren, P, Bohorquez, S, Vilhelmsson, A, Vilkov, G, Vladimirov, V, Vogel, S, Voigt, S, Wagner, W, Walther, T, Weiss, P, van der Wel, M, Werner, IM, Bondarenko, O, Westerholm, PJ, Westheide, C, Wipplinger, E, Wolf, M, Wolff, CCP, Wolk, L, Wong, WK, Wrampelmeyer, J, Wu, Z-X, Xia, S, Bos, CS, Xiu, D, Xu, K, Xu, C, Yadav, PK, Yagüe, J, Yan, C, Yang, A, Yoo, W, Yu, W, Yu, S, Bosch-Rosa, C, Yueshen, BZ, Yuferova, D, Zamojski, M, Zareei, A, Zeisberger, S, Zhang, S, Zhang, X, Zhong, Z, Zhou, ZI, Zhou, C, Bouri, E, Zhu, X, Zoican, M, Zwinkels, RCJ, Chen, J, Duevski, T, Gao, G, Gemayel, R, Gilder, D, Kuhle, P, Pagnotta, E, Brownlees, CT, Pelli, M, Sönksen, J, Zhang, L, Ilczuk, K, Bogoev, D, Qian, Y, Wika, HC, Yu, Y, Zhao, L, Mi, M, Calamia, A, Bao, L, Cao, VN, Capelle-Blancard, G, Capera, L, Caporin, M, Carrion, A, Caskurlu, T, Chakrabarty, B, Chernov, M, Cheung, WMY, Chincarini, LB, Chordia, T, Chow, SC, Clapham, B, Colliard, J-E, Comerton-Forde, C, Curran, E, Dao, T, Dare, W, Davies, RJ, De Blasis, R, De Nard, G, Declerck, F, Deev, O, Degryse, H, Deku, S, Desagre, C, Van Dijk, MA, Dim, C, Dimpfl, T, Dong, YJ, Drummond, P, Dudda, T, Dumitrescu, A, Dyakov, T, Dyhrberg, AH, Dzieliński, M, Eksi, A, El Kalak, I, ter Ellen, S, Eugster, N, Evans, MDD, Farrell, M, Félez-Viñas, E, Ferrara, G, FERROUHI, EM, Flori, A, Fluharty-Jaidee, J, Foley, S, Fong, KYL, Foucault, T, Franus, T, Franzoni, FA, Frijns, B, Frömmel, M, Fu, S, Füllbrunn, S, Gan, B, Gehrig, T, Gerritsen, D, Gil-Bazo, J, Glosten, LR, Gomez, T, Gorbenko, A, Güçbilmez, U, Grammig, J, Menkveld, AJ, Dreber, A, Holzmeister, F, Huber, J, Johanneson, M, Kirchler, M, Razen, M, Weitzel, U, Abad, D, Abudy, MM, Adrian, T, Gregoire, V, Hagströmer, B, Hambuckers, J, Hapnes, E, Harris, JH, Harris, L, Hartmann, S, Hasse, J-B, Hautsch, N, He, X-ZT, Ait-Sahalia, Y, Heath, D, Hediger, S, Hendershott, TJ, Hibbert, AM, Hjalmarsson, E, Hoelscher, S, Hoffmann, P, Holden, CW, Horenstein, AR, Huang, W, Akmansoy, O, Huang, D, Hurlin, C, Ivashchenko, A, Iyer, SR, Jahanshahloo, H, Jalkh, N, Jones, CM, Jurkatis, S, Jylha, P, Kaeck, A, Alcock, J, Kaiser, G, Karam, A, Karmaziene, E, Kassner, B, Kaustia, M, Kazak, E, Kearney, F, van Kervel, V, Khan, S, Khomyn, M, Alexeev, V, Klein, T, Klein, O, Klos, A, Koetter, M, Krahnen, JP, Kolokolov, A, Korajczyk, RA, Kozhan, R, Kwan, A, Lajaunie, Q, Aloosh, A, Lam, FYEC, Lambert, M, Langlois, H, Lausen, J, Lauter, T, Leippold, M, Levin, V, Li, Y, Li, MH, Liew, CY, Amato, L, Lindner, T, Linton, OB, Liu, J, Liu, A, Llorente-Alvarez, J-G, Lof, M, Lohr, A, Longstaff, FA, Lopez-Lira, A, Mankad, S, Amaya, D, Mano, N, Marchal, A, Martineau, C, Mazzola, F, Meloso, DC, Mihet, R, Mohan, V, Moinas, S, Moore, D, Mu, L, Angel, JJ, Muravyev, D, Murphy, D, Neszveda, G, Neumeier, C, Nielsson, U, Nimalendran, M, Nolte, S, Nordén, LL, O'Neill, P, Obaid, K, Bach, A, Ødegaard, BA, Östberg, P, Painter, M, Palan, S, Palit, I, Park, A, Pascual Gascó, R, Pasquariello, P, Pastor, L, Patel, V, Baidoo, E, Patton, AJ, Pearson, ND, Pelizzon, L, Pelster, M, Pérignon, C, Pfiffer, C, Philip, R, Plíhal, T, Prakash, P, Press, O-A, Bakalli, G, Prodromou, T, Putnins, TJ, Raizada, G, Rakowski, DA, Ranaldo, A, Regis, L, Reitz, S, Renault, T, Wang, R, Renò, R, Barbon, A, Riddiough, S, Rinne, K, Rintamäki, P, Riordan, R, RITTMANNSBERGER, T, Rodríguez Longarela, I, Rösch, D, Rognone, L, Roseman, B, Rosu, I, Bashchenko, O, Roy, S, Rudolf, N, Rush, S, Rzayev, K, Rzeźnik, A, Sanford, A, Sankaran, H, Sarkar, A, Sarno, L, Scaillet, O, Bindra, PC, Scharnowski, S, Schenk-Hoppé, KR, Schertler, A, Schneider, M, Schroeder, F, Schürhoff, N, Schuster, P, Schwarz, MA, Seasholes, MS, Seeger, N, Bjonnes, GH, Shachar, O, Shkilko, A, Shui, J, Sikic, M, Simion, G, Smales, LA, Söderlind, P, Sojli, E, Sokolov, K, Spokeviciute, L, Black, JR, Stefanova, D, Subrahmanyam, MG, Neusüss, S, Szaszi, B, Talavera, O, Tang, Y, Taylor, N, Tham, WW, Theissen, E, Thimme, J, Black, BS, Tonks, I, Tran, H, Trapin, L, Trolle, AB, Vaduva, M, Valente, G, Van Ness, RA, Vasquez, A, Verousis, T, Verwijmeren, P, Bohorquez, S, Vilhelmsson, A, Vilkov, G, Vladimirov, V, Vogel, S, Voigt, S, Wagner, W, Walther, T, Weiss, P, van der Wel, M, Werner, IM, Bondarenko, O, Westerholm, PJ, Westheide, C, Wipplinger, E, Wolf, M, Wolff, CCP, Wolk, L, Wong, WK, Wrampelmeyer, J, Wu, Z-X, Xia, S, Bos, CS, Xiu, D, Xu, K, Xu, C, Yadav, PK, Yagüe, J, Yan, C, Yang, A, Yoo, W, Yu, W, Yu, S, Bosch-Rosa, C, Yueshen, BZ, Yuferova, D, Zamojski, M, Zareei, A, Zeisberger, S, Zhang, S, Zhang, X, Zhong, Z, Zhou, ZI, Zhou, C, Bouri, E, Zhu, X, Zoican, M, Zwinkels, RCJ, Chen, J, Duevski, T, Gao, G, Gemayel, R, Gilder, D, Kuhle, P, Pagnotta, E, Brownlees, CT, Pelli, M, Sönksen, J, Zhang, L, Ilczuk, K, Bogoev, D, Qian, Y, Wika, HC, Yu, Y, Zhao, L, Mi, M, Calamia, A, Bao, L, Cao, VN, Capelle-Blancard, G, Capera, L, Caporin, M, Carrion, A, Caskurlu, T, Chakrabarty, B, Chernov, M, Cheung, WMY, Chincarini, LB, Chordia, T, Chow, SC, Clapham, B, Colliard, J-E, Comerton-Forde, C, Curran, E, Dao, T, Dare, W, Davies, RJ, De Blasis, R, De Nard, G, Declerck, F, Deev, O, Degryse, H, Deku, S, Desagre, C, Van Dijk, MA, Dim, C, Dimpfl, T, Dong, YJ, Drummond, P, Dudda, T, Dumitrescu, A, Dyakov, T, Dyhrberg, AH, Dzieliński, M, Eksi, A, El Kalak, I, ter Ellen, S, Eugster, N, Evans, MDD, Farrell, M, Félez-Viñas, E, Ferrara, G, FERROUHI, EM, Flori, A, Fluharty-Jaidee, J, Foley, S, Fong, KYL, Foucault, T, Franus, T, Franzoni, FA, Frijns, B, Frömmel, M, Fu, S, Füllbrunn, S, Gan, B, Gehrig, T, Gerritsen, D, Gil-Bazo, J, Glosten, LR, Gomez, T, Gorbenko, A, Güçbilmez, U, and Grammig, J
Published: 2024

10. Non-Standard Errors

Author: Menkveld, A.J., Dreber, A., Holzmeister, F., Huber, J., Johannesson, M., Kirchler, M., Razen, M., Weitzel, G.U., Abad, D., Abudy, M., Adrian, T., Ait-Sahalia, Y., Akmansoy, O., Alcock, J., Alexeev, V., Aloosh, A., Amato, L., Amaya, D., Angel, J., Bach, A., Baidoo, E., Bakalli, G., Barbon, A., Bashchenko, O., Bindra, P.C., Bjonnes, G.H., Black, J., Black, B.S., Bohorquez, S., Bondarenko, O., Bos, C.S., Bosch-Rosa, C., Bouri, E., Brownlees, C.T., Calamia, A., Cao, V.N., Capelle-Blancard, G., Capera, L., Caporin, M., Carrion, A., Caskurlu, T., Chakrabarty, B., Chernov, M., Cheung, W.M., Chincarini, L.B., Chordia, T., Chow, S.C., Clapham, B., Colliard, J.-E., Comerton-Forde, C., Curran, E., Dao, T., Dare, W., Davies, R.J., Blasis, R. De, Nard, G. De, DeClerck, F., Deev, O., Degryse, H., Deku, S., Desagre, C., Dijk, M.A van, Dim, C., Dimpfl, T., Dong, Y., Drummond, P., Dudda, T., Dumitrescu, A., Dyakov, T., Dyhrberg, A.H., Dzieliński, M., Eksi, A., Kalak, I. El, Ellen, S. ter, Eugster, N., Evans, M.D.D., Farrell, M., Félez-Viñas, E., Ferrara, G., Ferrouhi, E.M., Flori, A., Fluharty-Jaidee, J., Foley, S., Fong, K.Y.L., Foucault, T., Franus, T., Franzoni, F.A., Frijns, B., Frömmel, M., Fu, S., Füllbrunn, S.C., Gan, B., Gehrig, T., Gerritsen, D., Gil-Bazo, J., Glosten, L.R., Gomez, T., Gorbenko, A., Güçbilmez, U., Grammig, J., Gregoire, V., Hagströmer, B., Hambuckers, J., Hapnes, E., Harris, J.H., Harris, L., Hartmann, S., Hasse, J.-B., Hautsch, N., He, X., Heath, D., Hediger, S., Hendershott, T., Hibbert, A.M., Hjalmarsson, E., Hoelscher, S.A., Hoffmann, P., Holden, C.W., Horenstein, A.R., Huang, W., Huang, D., Hurlin, C., Ivashchenko, A., Iyer, S.R., Jahanshahloo, H., Jalkh, N., Jones, C.M., Jurkatis, S., Jylha, P., Kaeck, A., Kaiser, G., Karam, A., Karmaziene, E., Kassner, B., Kaustia, M., Kazak, E., Kearney, F., Kervel, V. van, Khan, S., Khomyn, M., Klein, T., Klein, O., Klos, A., Koetter, M., Krahnen, J.P., Kolokolov, A., Korajczyk, R.A., Kozhan, R., Kwan, A., Lajaunie, Q., Lam, F.E.C., Lambert, M., Langlois, H., Lausen, J., Lauter, T., Leippold, M., Levin, V., Li, Y., Li, H., Liew, C.Y., Lindner, T., Linton, O.B., Liu, J., Liu, A., Llorente, G., Lof, M., Lohr, A., Longstaff, F.A., Lopez-Lira, A., Mankad, S., Mano, N., Marchal, A., Martineau, C., Mazzola, F., Meloso, D., Mihet, R., Mohan, V., Moinas, S., Moore, D., Mu, L., Muravyev, D., Murphy, D., Neszveda, G., Neumeier, C., Nielsson, U., Nimalendran, M., Nolte, S., Norden, L.L., O'Neill, P., Obaid, K., Ødegaard, B.A., Östberg, P., Painter, M., Palan, S., Palit, I., Park, A., Pascual, R., Pasquariello, P., Pastor, L., Patel, V., Patton, A.J., Pearson, N.D., Pelizzon, L., Pelster, M., Pérignon, C., Pfiffer, C., Philip, R., Plíhal, T., Prakash, P., Press, O.-A., Prodromou, T., Putniņš, T.J., Raizada, G., Rakowski, D.A., Ranaldo, A., Regis, L., Reitz, S., Renault, T., Renjie, R.W., Renò, R., Riddiough, S., Rinne, K., Rintamäki, P., Riordan, R., Rittmannsberger, T., Rodríguez-Longarela, I., Rösch, D., Rognone, L., Roseman, B., Rosu, I., Roy, S., Rudolf, N., Rush, S., Rzayev, K., Rzeźnik, A., Sanford, A., Sankaran, H., Sarkar, A., Sarno, L., Scaillet, O., Scharnowski, S., Schenk-Hoppé, K.R., Schertler, A., Schneider, M., Schroeder, F., Schürhoff, N., Schuster, P., Schwarz, M.A., Seasholes, M.S., Seeger, N., Shachar, O., Shkilko, A., Shui, J., Sikic, M., Simion, G., Smales, L.A., Söderlind, P., Sojli, E., Sokolov, K., Spokeviciute, L., Stefanova, D., Subrahmanyam, M.G., Neusüss, S., Szaszi, B., Talavera, O., Tang, Y., Taylor, N., Tham, W.W., Theissen, E., Thimme, J., Tonks, I., Tran, H., Trapin, L., Trolle, A.B., Valente, G., Ness, R.A. Van, Vasquez, A., Verousis, T., Verwijmeren, P., Vilhelmsson, A., Vilkov, G., Vladimirov, V., Vogel, S., Voigt, S., Wagner, W., Walther, T., Weiss, P., Wel, M. van der, Werner, I.M., Westerholm, P.J., Westheide, C., Wipplinger, E., Wolf, M., Wolff, C.C.P., Wolk, L., Wong, W.-K., Wrampelmeyer, J., Xia, S., Xiu, D., Xu, K., Xu, C., Yadav, P.K., Yagüe, J., Yan, C., Yang, A., Yoo, W., Yu, W., Yu, S., Yueshen, B.Z., Yuferova, D., Zamojski, M., Zareei, A., Zeisberger, S.M., Zhang, S.S., Zhang, X., Zhong, Z., Zhou, Z.I., Zhou, C., Zhu, X.S., Zoican, M., Zwinkels, R.C.J., Chen, J., Duevski, T., Gao, G., Gemayel, R., Gilder, D. de, Kuhle, P., Pagnotta, E., Pelli, M., Sönksen, J., Zhang, L., Ilczuk, K., Bogoev, D., Qian, Y., Wika, H.C., Yu, Y., Zhao, L., Mi, M., Bao, L., Vaduva, A., Prokopczuk, P., Avetikian, A., Wu, Z.-X., Menkveld, A.J., Dreber, A., Holzmeister, F., Huber, J., Johannesson, M., Kirchler, M., Razen, M., Weitzel, G.U., Abad, D., Abudy, M., Adrian, T., Ait-Sahalia, Y., Akmansoy, O., Alcock, J., Alexeev, V., Aloosh, A., Amato, L., Amaya, D., Angel, J., Bach, A., Baidoo, E., Bakalli, G., Barbon, A., Bashchenko, O., Bindra, P.C., Bjonnes, G.H., Black, J., Black, B.S., Bohorquez, S., Bondarenko, O., Bos, C.S., Bosch-Rosa, C., Bouri, E., Brownlees, C.T., Calamia, A., Cao, V.N., Capelle-Blancard, G., Capera, L., Caporin, M., Carrion, A., Caskurlu, T., Chakrabarty, B., Chernov, M., Cheung, W.M., Chincarini, L.B., Chordia, T., Chow, S.C., Clapham, B., Colliard, J.-E., Comerton-Forde, C., Curran, E., Dao, T., Dare, W., Davies, R.J., Blasis, R. De, Nard, G. De, DeClerck, F., Deev, O., Degryse, H., Deku, S., Desagre, C., Dijk, M.A van, Dim, C., Dimpfl, T., Dong, Y., Drummond, P., Dudda, T., Dumitrescu, A., Dyakov, T., Dyhrberg, A.H., Dzieliński, M., Eksi, A., Kalak, I. El, Ellen, S. ter, Eugster, N., Evans, M.D.D., Farrell, M., Félez-Viñas, E., Ferrara, G., Ferrouhi, E.M., Flori, A., Fluharty-Jaidee, J., Foley, S., Fong, K.Y.L., Foucault, T., Franus, T., Franzoni, F.A., Frijns, B., Frömmel, M., Fu, S., Füllbrunn, S.C., Gan, B., Gehrig, T., Gerritsen, D., Gil-Bazo, J., Glosten, L.R., Gomez, T., Gorbenko, A., Güçbilmez, U., Grammig, J., Gregoire, V., Hagströmer, B., Hambuckers, J., Hapnes, E., Harris, J.H., Harris, L., Hartmann, S., Hasse, J.-B., Hautsch, N., He, X., Heath, D., Hediger, S., Hendershott, T., Hibbert, A.M., Hjalmarsson, E., Hoelscher, S.A., Hoffmann, P., Holden, C.W., Horenstein, A.R., Huang, W., Huang, D., Hurlin, C., Ivashchenko, A., Iyer, S.R., Jahanshahloo, H., Jalkh, N., Jones, C.M., Jurkatis, S., Jylha, P., Kaeck, A., Kaiser, G., Karam, A., Karmaziene, E., Kassner, B., Kaustia, M., Kazak, E., Kearney, F., Kervel, V. van, Khan, S., Khomyn, M., Klein, T., Klein, O., Klos, A., Koetter, M., Krahnen, J.P., Kolokolov, A., Korajczyk, R.A., Kozhan, R., Kwan, A., Lajaunie, Q., Lam, F.E.C., Lambert, M., Langlois, H., Lausen, J., Lauter, T., Leippold, M., Levin, V., Li, Y., Li, H., Liew, C.Y., Lindner, T., Linton, O.B., Liu, J., Liu, A., Llorente, G., Lof, M., Lohr, A., Longstaff, F.A., Lopez-Lira, A., Mankad, S., Mano, N., Marchal, A., Martineau, C., Mazzola, F., Meloso, D., Mihet, R., Mohan, V., Moinas, S., Moore, D., Mu, L., Muravyev, D., Murphy, D., Neszveda, G., Neumeier, C., Nielsson, U., Nimalendran, M., Nolte, S., Norden, L.L., O'Neill, P., Obaid, K., Ødegaard, B.A., Östberg, P., Painter, M., Palan, S., Palit, I., Park, A., Pascual, R., Pasquariello, P., Pastor, L., Patel, V., Patton, A.J., Pearson, N.D., Pelizzon, L., Pelster, M., Pérignon, C., Pfiffer, C., Philip, R., Plíhal, T., Prakash, P., Press, O.-A., Prodromou, T., Putniņš, T.J., Raizada, G., Rakowski, D.A., Ranaldo, A., Regis, L., Reitz, S., Renault, T., Renjie, R.W., Renò, R., Riddiough, S., Rinne, K., Rintamäki, P., Riordan, R., Rittmannsberger, T., Rodríguez-Longarela, I., Rösch, D., Rognone, L., Roseman, B., Rosu, I., Roy, S., Rudolf, N., Rush, S., Rzayev, K., Rzeźnik, A., Sanford, A., Sankaran, H., Sarkar, A., Sarno, L., Scaillet, O., Scharnowski, S., Schenk-Hoppé, K.R., Schertler, A., Schneider, M., Schroeder, F., Schürhoff, N., Schuster, P., Schwarz, M.A., Seasholes, M.S., Seeger, N., Shachar, O., Shkilko, A., Shui, J., Sikic, M., Simion, G., Smales, L.A., Söderlind, P., Sojli, E., Sokolov, K., Spokeviciute, L., Stefanova, D., Subrahmanyam, M.G., Neusüss, S., Szaszi, B., Talavera, O., Tang, Y., Taylor, N., Tham, W.W., Theissen, E., Thimme, J., Tonks, I., Tran, H., Trapin, L., Trolle, A.B., Valente, G., Ness, R.A. Van, Vasquez, A., Verousis, T., Verwijmeren, P., Vilhelmsson, A., Vilkov, G., Vladimirov, V., Vogel, S., Voigt, S., Wagner, W., Walther, T., Weiss, P., Wel, M. van der, Werner, I.M., Westerholm, P.J., Westheide, C., Wipplinger, E., Wolf, M., Wolff, C.C.P., Wolk, L., Wong, W.-K., Wrampelmeyer, J., Xia, S., Xiu, D., Xu, K., Xu, C., Yadav, P.K., Yagüe, J., Yan, C., Yang, A., Yoo, W., Yu, W., Yu, S., Yueshen, B.Z., Yuferova, D., Zamojski, M., Zareei, A., Zeisberger, S.M., Zhang, S.S., Zhang, X., Zhong, Z., Zhou, Z.I., Zhou, C., Zhu, X.S., Zoican, M., Zwinkels, R.C.J., Chen, J., Duevski, T., Gao, G., Gemayel, R., Gilder, D. de, Kuhle, P., Pagnotta, E., Pelli, M., Sönksen, J., Zhang, L., Ilczuk, K., Bogoev, D., Qian, Y., Wika, H.C., Yu, Y., Zhao, L., Mi, M., Bao, L., Vaduva, A., Prokopczuk, P., Avetikian, A., and Wu, Z.-X.
Abstract: 31 mei 2023, Contains fulltext : 240328.pdf (Author’s version preprint ) (Open Access), In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in sample estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty: non-standard errors. To study them, we let 164 teams test six hypotheses on the same sample. We find that non-standard errors are sizeable, on par with standard errors. Their size (i) co-varies only weakly with team merits, reproducibility, or peer rating, (ii) declines significantly after peer-feedback, and (iii) is underestimated by participants.
Published: 2023

11. Diel, seasonal, and inter-annual variation in carbon dioxide effluxes from lakes and reservoirs

Author: Golub, Malgorzata, Koupaei-Abyazani, Nikaan, Vesala, Timo, Mammarella, Ivan, Ojala, Anne, Bohrer, Gil, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Blanken, Peter D, Eugster, Werner, Koebsch, Franziska, Chen, Jiquan, Czajkowski, Kevin, Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar, Guérin, Frederic, Heiskanen, Jouni, Humphreys, Elyn, Jonsson, Anders, Karlsson, Jan, Kling, George, Lee, Xuhui, Liu, Heping, Lohila, Annalea, Lundin, Erik, Morin, Tim, Podgrajsek, Eva, Provenzale, Maria, Rutgersson, Anna, Sachs, Torsten, Sahlée, Erik, Serça, Dominique, Shao, Changliang, Spence, Christopher, Strachan, Ian B., Xiao, Wei, Desai, Ankur R., Golub, Malgorzata, Koupaei-Abyazani, Nikaan, Vesala, Timo, Mammarella, Ivan, Ojala, Anne, Bohrer, Gil, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Blanken, Peter D, Eugster, Werner, Koebsch, Franziska, Chen, Jiquan, Czajkowski, Kevin, Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar, Guérin, Frederic, Heiskanen, Jouni, Humphreys, Elyn, Jonsson, Anders, Karlsson, Jan, Kling, George, Lee, Xuhui, Liu, Heping, Lohila, Annalea, Lundin, Erik, Morin, Tim, Podgrajsek, Eva, Provenzale, Maria, Rutgersson, Anna, Sachs, Torsten, Sahlée, Erik, Serça, Dominique, Shao, Changliang, Spence, Christopher, Strachan, Ian B., Xiao, Wei, and Desai, Ankur R.
Abstract: Accounting for temporal changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) effluxes from freshwaters remains a challenge for global and regional carbon budgets. Here, we synthesize 171 site-months of flux measurements of CO2 based on the eddy covariance method from 13 lakes and reservoirs in the Northern Hemisphere, and quantify dynamics at multiple temporal scales. We found pronounced sub-annual variability in CO2 flux at all sites. By accounting for diel variation, only 11% of site-months were net daily sinks of CO2. Annual CO2 emissions had an average of 25% (range 3%–58%) interannual variation. Similar to studies on streams, nighttime emissions regularly exceeded daytime emissions. Biophysical regulations of CO2 flux variability were delineated through mutual information analysis. Sample analysis of CO2 fluxes indicate the importance of continuous measurements. Better characterization of short- and long-term variability is necessary to understand and improve detection of temporal changes of CO2 fluxes in response to natural and anthropogenic drivers. Our results indicate that existing global lake carbon budgets relying primarily on daytime measurements yield underestimates of net emissions., Correction in: Environmental Research Letters, vol. 18, issue 10, article number 109501DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/acfb97
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Diel, seasonal, and inter-annual variation in carbon dioxide effluxes from lakes and reservoirs

Author: Golub, Malgorzata, Koupaei-Abyazani, Nikaan, Vesala, Timo, Mammarella, Ivan, Ojala, Anne, Bohrer, Gil, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Blanken, Peter D, Eugster, Werner, Koebsch, Franziska, Chen, Jiquan, Czajkowski, Kevin, Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar, Guérin, Frederic, Heiskanen, Jouni, Humphreys, Elyn, Jonsson, Anders, Karlsson, Jan, Kling, George, Lee, Xuhui, Liu, Heping, Lohila, Annalea, Lundin, Erik, Morin, Tim, Podgrajsek, Eva, Provenzale, Maria, Rutgersson, Anna, Sachs, Torsten, Sahlée, Erik, Serça, Dominique, Shao, Changliang, Spence, Christopher, Strachan, Ian B., Xiao, Wei, Desai, Ankur R., Golub, Malgorzata, Koupaei-Abyazani, Nikaan, Vesala, Timo, Mammarella, Ivan, Ojala, Anne, Bohrer, Gil, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Blanken, Peter D, Eugster, Werner, Koebsch, Franziska, Chen, Jiquan, Czajkowski, Kevin, Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar, Guérin, Frederic, Heiskanen, Jouni, Humphreys, Elyn, Jonsson, Anders, Karlsson, Jan, Kling, George, Lee, Xuhui, Liu, Heping, Lohila, Annalea, Lundin, Erik, Morin, Tim, Podgrajsek, Eva, Provenzale, Maria, Rutgersson, Anna, Sachs, Torsten, Sahlée, Erik, Serça, Dominique, Shao, Changliang, Spence, Christopher, Strachan, Ian B., Xiao, Wei, and Desai, Ankur R.
Abstract: Accounting for temporal changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) effluxes from freshwaters remains a challenge for global and regional carbon budgets. Here, we synthesize 171 site-months of flux measurements of CO2 based on the eddy covariance method from 13 lakes and reservoirs in the Northern Hemisphere, and quantify dynamics at multiple temporal scales. We found pronounced sub-annual variability in CO2 flux at all sites. By accounting for diel variation, only 11% of site-months were net daily sinks of CO2. Annual CO2 emissions had an average of 25% (range 3%–58%) interannual variation. Similar to studies on streams, nighttime emissions regularly exceeded daytime emissions. Biophysical regulations of CO2 flux variability were delineated through mutual information analysis. Sample analysis of CO2 fluxes indicate the importance of continuous measurements. Better characterization of short- and long-term variability is necessary to understand and improve detection of temporal changes of CO2 fluxes in response to natural and anthropogenic drivers. Our results indicate that existing global lake carbon budgets relying primarily on daytime measurements yield underestimates of net emissions., Correction in: Environmental Research Letters, vol. 18, issue 10, article number 109501DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/acfb97
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Diel, seasonal, and inter-annual variation in carbon dioxide effluxes from lakes and reservoirs

Author: Golub, Malgorzata, Koupaei-Abyazani, Nikaan, Vesala, Timo, Mammarella, Ivan, Ojala, Anne, Bohrer, Gil, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A, Blanken, Peter D., Eugster, Werner, Koebsch, Franziska, Chen, Jiquan, Czajkowski, Kevin, Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar, Guérin, Frederic, Heiskanen, Jouni, Humphreys, Elyn, Jonsson, Anders, Karlsson, Jan, Kling, George, Lee, Xuhui, Liu, Heping, Lohila, Annalea, Lundin, Erik, Morin, Tim, Podgrajsek, Eva, Provenzale, Maria, Rutgersson, Anna, Sachs, Torsten, Sahlée, Erik, Serça, Dominique, Shao, Changliang, Spence, Christopher, Strachan, Ian B., Xiao, Wei, Desai, Ankur R., Golub, Malgorzata, Koupaei-Abyazani, Nikaan, Vesala, Timo, Mammarella, Ivan, Ojala, Anne, Bohrer, Gil, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A, Blanken, Peter D., Eugster, Werner, Koebsch, Franziska, Chen, Jiquan, Czajkowski, Kevin, Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar, Guérin, Frederic, Heiskanen, Jouni, Humphreys, Elyn, Jonsson, Anders, Karlsson, Jan, Kling, George, Lee, Xuhui, Liu, Heping, Lohila, Annalea, Lundin, Erik, Morin, Tim, Podgrajsek, Eva, Provenzale, Maria, Rutgersson, Anna, Sachs, Torsten, Sahlée, Erik, Serça, Dominique, Shao, Changliang, Spence, Christopher, Strachan, Ian B., Xiao, Wei, and Desai, Ankur R.
Abstract: Accounting for temporal changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) effluxes from freshwaters remains a challenge for global and regional carbon budgets. Here, we synthesize 171 site-months of flux measurements of CO2 based on the eddy covariance method from 13 lakes and reservoirs in the Northern Hemisphere, and quantify dynamics at multiple temporal scales. We found pronounced sub-annual variability in CO2 flux at all sites. By accounting for diel variation, only 11% of site-months were net daily sinks of CO2. Annual CO2 emissions had an average of 25% (range 3%-58%) interannual variation. Similar to studies on streams, nighttime emissions regularly exceeded daytime emissions. Biophysical regulations of CO2 flux variability were delineated through mutual information analysis. Sample analysis of CO2 fluxes indicate the importance of continuous measurements. Better characterization of short- and long-term variability is necessary to understand and improve detection of temporal changes of CO2 fluxes in response to natural and anthropogenic drivers. Our results indicate that existing global lake carbon budgets relying primarily on daytime measurements yield underestimates of net emissions.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Diel, seasonal, and inter-annual variation in carbon dioxide effluxes from lakes and reservoirs

Author: Golub, Malgorzata, Koupaei-Abyazani, Nikaan, Vesala, Timo, Mammarella, Ivan, Ojala, Anne, Bohrer, Gil, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Blanken, Peter D, Eugster, Werner, Koebsch, Franziska, Chen, Jiquan, Czajkowski, Kevin, Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar, Guérin, Frederic, Heiskanen, Jouni, Humphreys, Elyn, Jonsson, Anders, Karlsson, Jan, Kling, George, Lee, Xuhui, Liu, Heping, Lohila, Annalea, Lundin, Erik, Morin, Tim, Podgrajsek, Eva, Provenzale, Maria, Rutgersson, Anna, Sachs, Torsten, Sahlée, Erik, Serça, Dominique, Shao, Changliang, Spence, Christopher, Strachan, Ian B., Xiao, Wei, Desai, Ankur R., Golub, Malgorzata, Koupaei-Abyazani, Nikaan, Vesala, Timo, Mammarella, Ivan, Ojala, Anne, Bohrer, Gil, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Blanken, Peter D, Eugster, Werner, Koebsch, Franziska, Chen, Jiquan, Czajkowski, Kevin, Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar, Guérin, Frederic, Heiskanen, Jouni, Humphreys, Elyn, Jonsson, Anders, Karlsson, Jan, Kling, George, Lee, Xuhui, Liu, Heping, Lohila, Annalea, Lundin, Erik, Morin, Tim, Podgrajsek, Eva, Provenzale, Maria, Rutgersson, Anna, Sachs, Torsten, Sahlée, Erik, Serça, Dominique, Shao, Changliang, Spence, Christopher, Strachan, Ian B., Xiao, Wei, and Desai, Ankur R.
Abstract: Accounting for temporal changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) effluxes from freshwaters remains a challenge for global and regional carbon budgets. Here, we synthesize 171 site-months of flux measurements of CO2 based on the eddy covariance method from 13 lakes and reservoirs in the Northern Hemisphere, and quantify dynamics at multiple temporal scales. We found pronounced sub-annual variability in CO2 flux at all sites. By accounting for diel variation, only 11% of site-months were net daily sinks of CO2. Annual CO2 emissions had an average of 25% (range 3%–58%) interannual variation. Similar to studies on streams, nighttime emissions regularly exceeded daytime emissions. Biophysical regulations of CO2 flux variability were delineated through mutual information analysis. Sample analysis of CO2 fluxes indicate the importance of continuous measurements. Better characterization of short- and long-term variability is necessary to understand and improve detection of temporal changes of CO2 fluxes in response to natural and anthropogenic drivers. Our results indicate that existing global lake carbon budgets relying primarily on daytime measurements yield underestimates of net emissions., Correction in: Environmental Research Letters, vol. 18, issue 10, article number 109501DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/acfb97
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. Diel, seasonal, and inter-annual variation in carbon dioxide effluxes from lakes and reservoirs

Author: Golub, Malgorzata, Koupaei-Abyazani, Nikaan, Vesala, Timo, Mammarella, Ivan, Ojala, Anne, Bohrer, Gil, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A, Blanken, Peter D., Eugster, Werner, Koebsch, Franziska, Chen, Jiquan, Czajkowski, Kevin, Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar, Guérin, Frederic, Heiskanen, Jouni, Humphreys, Elyn, Jonsson, Anders, Karlsson, Jan, Kling, George, Lee, Xuhui, Liu, Heping, Lohila, Annalea, Lundin, Erik, Morin, Tim, Podgrajsek, Eva, Provenzale, Maria, Rutgersson, Anna, Sachs, Torsten, Sahlée, Erik, Serça, Dominique, Shao, Changliang, Spence, Christopher, Strachan, Ian B., Xiao, Wei, Desai, Ankur R., Golub, Malgorzata, Koupaei-Abyazani, Nikaan, Vesala, Timo, Mammarella, Ivan, Ojala, Anne, Bohrer, Gil, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A, Blanken, Peter D., Eugster, Werner, Koebsch, Franziska, Chen, Jiquan, Czajkowski, Kevin, Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar, Guérin, Frederic, Heiskanen, Jouni, Humphreys, Elyn, Jonsson, Anders, Karlsson, Jan, Kling, George, Lee, Xuhui, Liu, Heping, Lohila, Annalea, Lundin, Erik, Morin, Tim, Podgrajsek, Eva, Provenzale, Maria, Rutgersson, Anna, Sachs, Torsten, Sahlée, Erik, Serça, Dominique, Shao, Changliang, Spence, Christopher, Strachan, Ian B., Xiao, Wei, and Desai, Ankur R.
Abstract: Accounting for temporal changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) effluxes from freshwaters remains a challenge for global and regional carbon budgets. Here, we synthesize 171 site-months of flux measurements of CO2 based on the eddy covariance method from 13 lakes and reservoirs in the Northern Hemisphere, and quantify dynamics at multiple temporal scales. We found pronounced sub-annual variability in CO2 flux at all sites. By accounting for diel variation, only 11% of site-months were net daily sinks of CO2. Annual CO2 emissions had an average of 25% (range 3%-58%) interannual variation. Similar to studies on streams, nighttime emissions regularly exceeded daytime emissions. Biophysical regulations of CO2 flux variability were delineated through mutual information analysis. Sample analysis of CO2 fluxes indicate the importance of continuous measurements. Better characterization of short- and long-term variability is necessary to understand and improve detection of temporal changes of CO2 fluxes in response to natural and anthropogenic drivers. Our results indicate that existing global lake carbon budgets relying primarily on daytime measurements yield underestimates of net emissions.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Diel, seasonal, and inter-annual variation in carbon dioxide effluxes from lakes and reservoirs

Author: Golub, Malgorzata, Koupaei-Abyazani, Nikaan, Vesala, Timo, Mammarella, Ivan, Ojala, Anne, Bohrer, Gil, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A, Blanken, Peter D., Eugster, Werner, Koebsch, Franziska, Chen, Jiquan, Czajkowski, Kevin, Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar, Guérin, Frederic, Heiskanen, Jouni, Humphreys, Elyn, Jonsson, Anders, Karlsson, Jan, Kling, George, Lee, Xuhui, Liu, Heping, Lohila, Annalea, Lundin, Erik, Morin, Tim, Podgrajsek, Eva, Provenzale, Maria, Rutgersson, Anna, Sachs, Torsten, Sahlée, Erik, Serça, Dominique, Shao, Changliang, Spence, Christopher, Strachan, Ian B., Xiao, Wei, Desai, Ankur R., Golub, Malgorzata, Koupaei-Abyazani, Nikaan, Vesala, Timo, Mammarella, Ivan, Ojala, Anne, Bohrer, Gil, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A, Blanken, Peter D., Eugster, Werner, Koebsch, Franziska, Chen, Jiquan, Czajkowski, Kevin, Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar, Guérin, Frederic, Heiskanen, Jouni, Humphreys, Elyn, Jonsson, Anders, Karlsson, Jan, Kling, George, Lee, Xuhui, Liu, Heping, Lohila, Annalea, Lundin, Erik, Morin, Tim, Podgrajsek, Eva, Provenzale, Maria, Rutgersson, Anna, Sachs, Torsten, Sahlée, Erik, Serça, Dominique, Shao, Changliang, Spence, Christopher, Strachan, Ian B., Xiao, Wei, and Desai, Ankur R.
Abstract: Accounting for temporal changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) effluxes from freshwaters remains a challenge for global and regional carbon budgets. Here, we synthesize 171 site-months of flux measurements of CO2 based on the eddy covariance method from 13 lakes and reservoirs in the Northern Hemisphere, and quantify dynamics at multiple temporal scales. We found pronounced sub-annual variability in CO2 flux at all sites. By accounting for diel variation, only 11% of site-months were net daily sinks of CO2. Annual CO2 emissions had an average of 25% (range 3%-58%) interannual variation. Similar to studies on streams, nighttime emissions regularly exceeded daytime emissions. Biophysical regulations of CO2 flux variability were delineated through mutual information analysis. Sample analysis of CO2 fluxes indicate the importance of continuous measurements. Better characterization of short- and long-term variability is necessary to understand and improve detection of temporal changes of CO2 fluxes in response to natural and anthropogenic drivers. Our results indicate that existing global lake carbon budgets relying primarily on daytime measurements yield underestimates of net emissions.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Diel, seasonal, and inter-annual variation in carbon dioxide effluxes from lakes and reservoirs

Author: Golub, Malgorzata, Koupaei-Abyazani, Nikaan, Vesala, Timo, Mammarella, Ivan, Ojala, Anne, Bohrer, Gil, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Blanken, Peter D, Eugster, Werner, Koebsch, Franziska, Chen, Jiquan, Czajkowski, Kevin, Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar, Guérin, Frederic, Heiskanen, Jouni, Humphreys, Elyn, Jonsson, Anders, Karlsson, Jan, Kling, George, Lee, Xuhui, Liu, Heping, Lohila, Annalea, Lundin, Erik, Morin, Tim, Podgrajsek, Eva, Provenzale, Maria, Rutgersson, Anna, Sachs, Torsten, Sahlée, Erik, Serça, Dominique, Shao, Changliang, Spence, Christopher, Strachan, Ian B., Xiao, Wei, Desai, Ankur R., Golub, Malgorzata, Koupaei-Abyazani, Nikaan, Vesala, Timo, Mammarella, Ivan, Ojala, Anne, Bohrer, Gil, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Blanken, Peter D, Eugster, Werner, Koebsch, Franziska, Chen, Jiquan, Czajkowski, Kevin, Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar, Guérin, Frederic, Heiskanen, Jouni, Humphreys, Elyn, Jonsson, Anders, Karlsson, Jan, Kling, George, Lee, Xuhui, Liu, Heping, Lohila, Annalea, Lundin, Erik, Morin, Tim, Podgrajsek, Eva, Provenzale, Maria, Rutgersson, Anna, Sachs, Torsten, Sahlée, Erik, Serça, Dominique, Shao, Changliang, Spence, Christopher, Strachan, Ian B., Xiao, Wei, and Desai, Ankur R.
Abstract: Accounting for temporal changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) effluxes from freshwaters remains a challenge for global and regional carbon budgets. Here, we synthesize 171 site-months of flux measurements of CO2 based on the eddy covariance method from 13 lakes and reservoirs in the Northern Hemisphere, and quantify dynamics at multiple temporal scales. We found pronounced sub-annual variability in CO2 flux at all sites. By accounting for diel variation, only 11% of site-months were net daily sinks of CO2. Annual CO2 emissions had an average of 25% (range 3%–58%) interannual variation. Similar to studies on streams, nighttime emissions regularly exceeded daytime emissions. Biophysical regulations of CO2 flux variability were delineated through mutual information analysis. Sample analysis of CO2 fluxes indicate the importance of continuous measurements. Better characterization of short- and long-term variability is necessary to understand and improve detection of temporal changes of CO2 fluxes in response to natural and anthropogenic drivers. Our results indicate that existing global lake carbon budgets relying primarily on daytime measurements yield underestimates of net emissions., Correction in: Environmental Research Letters, vol. 18, issue 10, article number 109501DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/acfb97
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Einfluss von Bewegungspausen auf die Konzentrationsfähigkeit von Schülerinnen und Schüler

Author: Eugster,Yannick and Eugster,Yannick
Abstract: Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit richtet sich nach der Frage, ob sich die Durchführung von Bewegungspausen im Unterricht positiv auf die Konzentration von Schülerinnen und Schüler auswirkt. Als erstes wurde in der Literatur nach den wichtigsten Effekten, die Bewegung auf unser Gehirn und somit auf unser Lernverhalten hat, geforscht. Nach der Literaturrecherche wurde eine experimentelle Studie durchgeführt, bei der eine Gruppe von Schülerinnen und Schülern während des Unterrichts gezielt Bewegungspausen einlegte, während eine Kontrollgruppe keine Bewegungspausen machte. Die Leistungsfähigkeit wurde anhand von IDS-2 Tests zur Konzentration gemessen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Schülerinnen und Schüler der Bewegungspausen-Gruppe signifikant bessere Leistungen in den Tests erzielten als die Kontrollgruppe. Zudem berichteten die Schülerinnen und Schüler der Testklasse, dass die verschiedenen Übungen ihnen Spass gemacht haben und dass sie sich auch im Unterricht gut konzentrieren konnten. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen kann geschlussfolgert werden, dass Bewegungspausen einen positiven Einfluss auf die Leistungsfähigkeit von Schülerinnen und Schülern haben und somit eine sinnvolle Ergänzung des Unterrichts darstellen.
Published: 2023

19. Germline loss-of-function PAM variants are enriched in subjects with pituitary hypersecretion

Author: Trivellin, Giampaolo, Daly, Adrian F., Hernández-Ramírez, Laura C., Araldi, Elisa, Tatsi, Christina, Dale, Ryan K., Fridell, Gus, Mittal, Arjun, Faucz, Fabio R., Iben, James R., Li, Tianwei, Vitali, Eleonora, Stojilkovic, Stanko S., Kamenicky, Peter, Villa, Chiara, Baussart, Bertrand, Chittiboina, Prashant, Toro, Camilo, Gahl, William A., Eugster, Erica A., Naves, Luciana A., Jaffrain-Rea, Marie Lise, de Herder, Wouter W., Neggers, Sebastian J.C.M.M., Petrossians, Patrick, Beckers, Albert, Lania, Andrea G., Mains, Richard E., Eipper, Betty A., Stratakis, Constantine A., Trivellin, Giampaolo, Daly, Adrian F., Hernández-Ramírez, Laura C., Araldi, Elisa, Tatsi, Christina, Dale, Ryan K., Fridell, Gus, Mittal, Arjun, Faucz, Fabio R., Iben, James R., Li, Tianwei, Vitali, Eleonora, Stojilkovic, Stanko S., Kamenicky, Peter, Villa, Chiara, Baussart, Bertrand, Chittiboina, Prashant, Toro, Camilo, Gahl, William A., Eugster, Erica A., Naves, Luciana A., Jaffrain-Rea, Marie Lise, de Herder, Wouter W., Neggers, Sebastian J.C.M.M., Petrossians, Patrick, Beckers, Albert, Lania, Andrea G., Mains, Richard E., Eipper, Betty A., and Stratakis, Constantine A.
Abstract: Introduction: Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are common, usually benign tumors of the anterior pituitary gland which, for the most part, have no known genetic cause. PAs are associated with major clinical effects due to hormonal dysregulation and tumoral impingement on vital brain structures. PAM encodes a multifunctional protein responsible for the essential C-terminal amidation of secreted peptides. Methods: Following the identification of a loss-of-function variant (p.Arg703Gln) in the peptidylglycine a-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) gene in a family with pituitary gigantism, we investigated 299 individuals with sporadic PAs and 17 familial isolated PA kindreds for PAM variants. Genetic screening was performed by germline and tumor sequencing and germline copy number variation (CNV) analysis. Results: In germline DNA, we detected seven heterozygous, likely pathogenic missense, truncating, and regulatory SNVs. These SNVs were found in sporadic subjects with growth hormone excess (p.Gly552Arg and p.Phe759Ser), pediatric Cushing disease (c.-133T>C and p.His778fs), or different types of PAs (c.-361G>A, p.Ser539Trp, and p.Asp563Gly). The SNVs were functionally tested in vitro for protein expression and trafficking by Western blotting, splicing by minigene assays, and amidation activity in cell lysates and serum samples. These analyses confirmed a deleterious effect on protein expression and/or function. By interrogating 200,000 exomes from the UK Biobank, we confirmed a significant association of the PAM gene and rare PAM SNVs with diagnoses linked to pituitary gland hyperfunction. Conclusion: The identification of PAM as a candidate gene associated with pituitary hypersecretion opens the possibility of developing novel therapeutics based on altering PAM function.
Published: 2023

20. Diel, seasonal, and inter-annual variation in carbon dioxide effluxes from lakes and reservoirs

Author: Golub, Malgorzata, Koupaei-Abyazani, Nikaan, Vesala, Timo, Mammarella, Ivan, Ojala, Anne, Bohrer, Gil, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A, Blanken, Peter D., Eugster, Werner, Koebsch, Franziska, Chen, Jiquan, Czajkowski, Kevin, Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar, Guérin, Frederic, Heiskanen, Jouni, Humphreys, Elyn, Jonsson, Anders, Karlsson, Jan, Kling, George, Lee, Xuhui, Liu, Heping, Lohila, Annalea, Lundin, Erik, Morin, Tim, Podgrajsek, Eva, Provenzale, Maria, Rutgersson, Anna, Sachs, Torsten, Sahlée, Erik, Serça, Dominique, Shao, Changliang, Spence, Christopher, Strachan, Ian B., Xiao, Wei, Desai, Ankur R., Golub, Malgorzata, Koupaei-Abyazani, Nikaan, Vesala, Timo, Mammarella, Ivan, Ojala, Anne, Bohrer, Gil, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A, Blanken, Peter D., Eugster, Werner, Koebsch, Franziska, Chen, Jiquan, Czajkowski, Kevin, Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar, Guérin, Frederic, Heiskanen, Jouni, Humphreys, Elyn, Jonsson, Anders, Karlsson, Jan, Kling, George, Lee, Xuhui, Liu, Heping, Lohila, Annalea, Lundin, Erik, Morin, Tim, Podgrajsek, Eva, Provenzale, Maria, Rutgersson, Anna, Sachs, Torsten, Sahlée, Erik, Serça, Dominique, Shao, Changliang, Spence, Christopher, Strachan, Ian B., Xiao, Wei, and Desai, Ankur R.
Abstract: Accounting for temporal changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) effluxes from freshwaters remains a challenge for global and regional carbon budgets. Here, we synthesize 171 site-months of flux measurements of CO2 based on the eddy covariance method from 13 lakes and reservoirs in the Northern Hemisphere, and quantify dynamics at multiple temporal scales. We found pronounced sub-annual variability in CO2 flux at all sites. By accounting for diel variation, only 11% of site-months were net daily sinks of CO2. Annual CO2 emissions had an average of 25% (range 3%-58%) interannual variation. Similar to studies on streams, nighttime emissions regularly exceeded daytime emissions. Biophysical regulations of CO2 flux variability were delineated through mutual information analysis. Sample analysis of CO2 fluxes indicate the importance of continuous measurements. Better characterization of short- and long-term variability is necessary to understand and improve detection of temporal changes of CO2 fluxes in response to natural and anthropogenic drivers. Our results indicate that existing global lake carbon budgets relying primarily on daytime measurements yield underestimates of net emissions.
Published: 2023
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21. A total Lagrangian, objective and intrinsically locking-free Petrov-Galerkin SE(3) Cosserat rod finite element formulation

Author: Harsch, Jonas, Sailer, Simon, Eugster, Simon R., Harsch, Jonas, Sailer, Simon, and Eugster, Simon R.
Abstract: Based on more than three decades of rod finite element theory, this publication unifies all the successful contributions found in literature and eradicates the arising drawbacks like loss of objectivity, locking, path-dependence and redundant coordinates. Specifically, the idea of interpolating the nodal orientations using relative rotation vectors, proposed by Crisfield and Jeleni\'c in 1999, is extended to the interpolation of nodal Euclidean transformation matrices with the aid of relative twists; a strategy that arises from the SE(3)-structure of the Cosserat rod kinematics. Applying a Petrov-Galerkin projection method, we propose a novel rod finite element formulation where the virtual displacements and rotations as well as the translational and angular velocities are interpolated instead of using the consistent variations and time-derivatives of the introduced interpolation formula. Properties such as the intrinsic absence of locking, preservation of objectivity after discretization and parametrization in terms of a minimal number of nodal unknowns are demonstrated by conclusive numerical examples in both statics and dynamics.
Published: 2023
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22. Diel, seasonal, and inter-annual variation in carbon dioxide effluxes from lakes and reservoirs

Author: Golub, Malgorzata, Koupaei-Abyazani, Nikaan, Vesala, Timo, Mammarella, Ivan, Ojala, Anne, Bohrer, Gil, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A, Blanken, Peter D., Eugster, Werner, Koebsch, Franziska, Chen, Jiquan, Czajkowski, Kevin, Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar, Guérin, Frederic, Heiskanen, Jouni, Humphreys, Elyn, Jonsson, Anders, Karlsson, Jan, Kling, George, Lee, Xuhui, Liu, Heping, Lohila, Annalea, Lundin, Erik, Morin, Tim, Podgrajsek, Eva, Provenzale, Maria, Rutgersson, Anna, Sachs, Torsten, Sahlée, Erik, Serça, Dominique, Shao, Changliang, Spence, Christopher, Strachan, Ian B., Xiao, Wei, Desai, Ankur R., Golub, Malgorzata, Koupaei-Abyazani, Nikaan, Vesala, Timo, Mammarella, Ivan, Ojala, Anne, Bohrer, Gil, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A, Blanken, Peter D., Eugster, Werner, Koebsch, Franziska, Chen, Jiquan, Czajkowski, Kevin, Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar, Guérin, Frederic, Heiskanen, Jouni, Humphreys, Elyn, Jonsson, Anders, Karlsson, Jan, Kling, George, Lee, Xuhui, Liu, Heping, Lohila, Annalea, Lundin, Erik, Morin, Tim, Podgrajsek, Eva, Provenzale, Maria, Rutgersson, Anna, Sachs, Torsten, Sahlée, Erik, Serça, Dominique, Shao, Changliang, Spence, Christopher, Strachan, Ian B., Xiao, Wei, and Desai, Ankur R.
Abstract: Accounting for temporal changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) effluxes from freshwaters remains a challenge for global and regional carbon budgets. Here, we synthesize 171 site-months of flux measurements of CO2 based on the eddy covariance method from 13 lakes and reservoirs in the Northern Hemisphere, and quantify dynamics at multiple temporal scales. We found pronounced sub-annual variability in CO2 flux at all sites. By accounting for diel variation, only 11% of site-months were net daily sinks of CO2. Annual CO2 emissions had an average of 25% (range 3%-58%) interannual variation. Similar to studies on streams, nighttime emissions regularly exceeded daytime emissions. Biophysical regulations of CO2 flux variability were delineated through mutual information analysis. Sample analysis of CO2 fluxes indicate the importance of continuous measurements. Better characterization of short- and long-term variability is necessary to understand and improve detection of temporal changes of CO2 fluxes in response to natural and anthropogenic drivers. Our results indicate that existing global lake carbon budgets relying primarily on daytime measurements yield underestimates of net emissions.
Published: 2023
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23. Management roles and leadership skills to attract venture capital in Switzerland

Author: Eugster, Robin, Kendzia, Michael J., Eugster, Robin, and Kendzia, Michael J.
Abstract: Startups constitute an essential component of a working market economy and foster economic growth, employment as well as technological progress. However, managing and leading companies at an early growth stage poses an enormous challenge, as investment failure amounts to approximately 75%. That said, receiving venture capital is all but an easy task and only 1% of investment opportunities considered qualify for an investment. Against this backdrop, the aim of this article is to identify particular management and leadership skills that attract venture capital more successfully than others do. The investigation finds that management-related criteria appear to be the most important factor for Swiss venture capitalists. Especially the track record of founders and the diversity of backgrounds within the startup’s core team were considered relevant.
Published: 2023

24. Diel, seasonal, and inter-annual variation in carbon dioxide effluxes from lakes and reservoirs

Author: Golub, Malgorzata, Koupaei-Abyazani, Nikaan, Vesala, Timo, Mammarella, Ivan, Ojala, Anne, Bohrer, Gil, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Blanken, Peter D, Eugster, Werner, Koebsch, Franziska, Chen, Jiquan, Czajkowski, Kevin, Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar, Guérin, Frederic, Heiskanen, Jouni, Humphreys, Elyn, Jonsson, Anders, Karlsson, Jan, Kling, George, Lee, Xuhui, Liu, Heping, Lohila, Annalea, Lundin, Erik, Morin, Tim, Podgrajsek, Eva, Provenzale, Maria, Rutgersson, Anna, Sachs, Torsten, Sahlée, Erik, Serça, Dominique, Shao, Changliang, Spence, Christopher, Strachan, Ian B., Xiao, Wei, Desai, Ankur R., Golub, Malgorzata, Koupaei-Abyazani, Nikaan, Vesala, Timo, Mammarella, Ivan, Ojala, Anne, Bohrer, Gil, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Blanken, Peter D, Eugster, Werner, Koebsch, Franziska, Chen, Jiquan, Czajkowski, Kevin, Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar, Guérin, Frederic, Heiskanen, Jouni, Humphreys, Elyn, Jonsson, Anders, Karlsson, Jan, Kling, George, Lee, Xuhui, Liu, Heping, Lohila, Annalea, Lundin, Erik, Morin, Tim, Podgrajsek, Eva, Provenzale, Maria, Rutgersson, Anna, Sachs, Torsten, Sahlée, Erik, Serça, Dominique, Shao, Changliang, Spence, Christopher, Strachan, Ian B., Xiao, Wei, and Desai, Ankur R.
Abstract: Accounting for temporal changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) effluxes from freshwaters remains a challenge for global and regional carbon budgets. Here, we synthesize 171 site-months of flux measurements of CO2 based on the eddy covariance method from 13 lakes and reservoirs in the Northern Hemisphere, and quantify dynamics at multiple temporal scales. We found pronounced sub-annual variability in CO2 flux at all sites. By accounting for diel variation, only 11% of site-months were net daily sinks of CO2. Annual CO2 emissions had an average of 25% (range 3%–58%) interannual variation. Similar to studies on streams, nighttime emissions regularly exceeded daytime emissions. Biophysical regulations of CO2 flux variability were delineated through mutual information analysis. Sample analysis of CO2 fluxes indicate the importance of continuous measurements. Better characterization of short- and long-term variability is necessary to understand and improve detection of temporal changes of CO2 fluxes in response to natural and anthropogenic drivers. Our results indicate that existing global lake carbon budgets relying primarily on daytime measurements yield underestimates of net emissions., Correction in: Environmental Research Letters, vol. 18, issue 10, article number 109501DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/acfb97
Published: 2023
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25. A family of total Lagrangian Petrov-Galerkin Cosserat rod finite element formulations

Author: Eugster, Simon R., Harsch, Jonas, Eugster, Simon R., and Harsch, Jonas
Abstract: The standard in rod finite element formulations is the Bubnov-Galerkin projection method, where the test functions arise from a consistent variation of the ansatz functions. This approach becomes increasingly complex when highly nonlinear ansatz functions are chosen to approximate the rod's centerline and cross-section orientations. Using a Petrov-Galerkin projection method, we propose a whole family of rod finite element formulations where the nodal generalized virtual displacements and generalized velocities are interpolated instead of using the consistent variations and time derivatives of the ansatz functions. This approach leads to a significant simplification of the expressions in the discrete virtual work functionals. In addition, independent strategies can be chosen for interpolating the nodal centerline points and cross-section orientations. We discuss three objective interpolation strategies and give an in-depth analysis concerning locking and convergence behavior for the whole family of rod finite element formulations., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2301.05595
Published: 2023
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26. Technical analysis: Novel insights on contrarian trading

Author: Eugster, Patrick, Uhl, Matthias W; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-1961, Eugster, Patrick, and Uhl, Matthias W; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-1961
Abstract: We analyze the predictive power of technical analysis with a novel data set based on news sentiment that allows to systematically examine a set of technical analysis indicators over an extensive time period. We do not find much statistically significant relationships with the examined indicators and future asset returns, and we almost do not find any alphas in trading strategies based on technical analysis sentiment. We find evidence for a contrarian-based hypothesis: past market returns and technical analysis sentiment are able to predict future technical analysis sentiment with a negative relationship.
Published: 2023

27. Counter-regulatory responses to postprandial hypoglycaemia in patients with post-bariatric hypoglycaemia vs surgical and non-surgical control individuals

Author: Tripyla, Afroditi; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6096-0009, Herzig, David; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1028-9445, Reverter-Branchat, Gemma; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-9973, Pavan, Jacopo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0602-6565, Schiavon, Michele; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-2399, Eugster, Philippe J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0197-6318, Grouzmann, Eric; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3224-2536, Nakas, Christos T; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4155-722X, Sauvinet, Valérie; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6273-9498, Meiller, Laure; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9702-8899, Zehetner, Joerg; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6530-8012, Giachino, Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2071-1091, Nett, Philipp; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6847-9092, Gawinecka, Joanna; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3859-0934, Del Favero, Simone; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8214-2752, Thomas, Andreas; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-0743, Thevis, Mario; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1535-6451, Dalla Man, Chiara; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4908-0596, Bally, Lia; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-7672, Tripyla, Afroditi; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6096-0009, Herzig, David; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1028-9445, Reverter-Branchat, Gemma; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-9973, Pavan, Jacopo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0602-6565, Schiavon, Michele; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-2399, Eugster, Philippe J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0197-6318, Grouzmann, Eric; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3224-2536, Nakas, Christos T; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4155-722X, Sauvinet, Valérie; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6273-9498, Meiller, Laure; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9702-8899, Zehetner, Joerg; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6530-8012, Giachino, Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2071-1091, Nett, Philipp; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6847-9092, Gawinecka, Joanna; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3859-0934, Del Favero, Simone; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8214-2752, Thomas, Andreas; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-0743, Thevis, Mario; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1535-6451, Dalla Man, Chiara; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4908-0596, and Bally, Lia; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-7672
Abstract: Aims/hypothesis Post-bariatric hypoglycaemia is an increasingly recognised complication of bariatric surgery, manifesting particularly after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. While hyperinsulinaemia is an established pathophysiological feature, the role of counter-regulation remains unclear. We aimed to assess counter-regulatory hormones and glucose fluxes during insulin-induced postprandial hypoglycaemia in patients with post-bariatric hypoglycaemia after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass vs surgical and non-surgical control individuals. Methods In this case–control study, 32 adults belonging to four groups with comparable age, sex and BMI (patients with post-bariatric hypoglycaemia, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy and non-surgical control individuals) underwent a postprandial hypoglycaemic clamp in our clinical research unit to reach the glycaemic target of 2.5 mmol/l 150–170 min after ingesting 15 g of glucose. Glucose fluxes were assessed during the postprandial and hypoglycaemic period using a dual-tracer approach. The primary outcome was the incremental AUC of glucagon during hypoglycaemia. Catecholamines, cortisol, growth hormone, pancreatic polypeptide and endogenous glucose production were also analysed during hypoglycaemia. Results The rate of glucose appearance after oral administration, as well as the rates of total glucose appearance and glucose disappearance, were higher in both Roux-en-Y gastric bypass groups vs the non-surgical control group in the early postprandial period (all p<0.05). During hypoglycaemia, glucagon exposure was significantly lower in all surgical groups vs the non-surgical control group (all p<0.01). Pancreatic polypeptide levels were significantly lower in patients with post-bariatric hypoglycaemia vs the non-surgical control group (median [IQR]: 24.7 [10.9, 38.7] pmol/l vs 238.7 [186.3, 288.9] pmol/l) (p=0.005). Other hormonal responses to hypoglycaemia and endogenous glucose production did not significantly differ between the group
Published: 2023

28. Liposomal aggregates sustain the release of rapamycin and protect cartilage from friction

Author: Bordon, Gregor, Ramakrishna, Shivaprakash N, Edalat, Sam G, Eugster, Remo, Arcifa, Andrea, Vermathen, Martina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0796-1643, Aleandri, Simone, Bertoncelj, Mojca Frank, Furrer, Julien; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-0618, Vermathen, Peter, Isa, Lucio, Crockett, Rowena, Distler, Oliver; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0546-8310, Luciani, Paola; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9664-0149, Bordon, Gregor, Ramakrishna, Shivaprakash N, Edalat, Sam G, Eugster, Remo, Arcifa, Andrea, Vermathen, Martina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0796-1643, Aleandri, Simone, Bertoncelj, Mojca Frank, Furrer, Julien; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-0618, Vermathen, Peter, Isa, Lucio, Crockett, Rowena, Distler, Oliver; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0546-8310, and Luciani, Paola; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9664-0149
Abstract: Liposomes show promise as biolubricants for damaged cartilage, but their small size results in low joint and cartilage retention. We developed a zinc ion-based liposomal drug delivery system for local osteoarthritis therapy, focusing on sustained release and tribological protection from phospholipid lubrication properties. Our strategy involved inducing aggregation of negatively charged liposomes with zinc ions to extend rapamycin (RAPA) release and improve cartilage lubrication. Liposomal aggregation occurred within 10 min and was irreversible, facilitating excess cation removal. The aggregates extended RAPA release beyond free liposomes and displayed irregular morphology influenced by RAPA. At nearly 100 µm, the aggregates were large enough to exceed the previously reported size threshold for increased joint retention. Tribological assessment on silicon surfaces and ex vivo porcine cartilage revealed the system's excellent protective ability against friction at both nano- and macro-scales. Moreover, RAPA was shown to attenuate the fibrotic response in human OA synovial fibroblasts. Our findings suggest the zinc ion-based liposomal drug delivery system has potential to enhance OA therapy through extended release and cartilage tribological protection, while also illustrating the impact of a hydrophobic drug like RAPA on liposome aggregation and morphology.
Published: 2023

29. Non-unit quaternion parametrization of a Petrov-Galerkin Cosserat rod finite element

Author: Harsch, Jonas, Eugster, Simon R., Harsch, Jonas, and Eugster, Simon R.
Abstract: The application of the Petrov-Galerkin projection method in Cosserat rod finite element formulations offers significant advantages in simplifying the expressions within the discrete virtual work functionals. Moreover, it enables a straight-forward and systematic exchange of the ansatz functions, specifically for centerline positions and cross-section orientations. In this concise communication, we present a total Lagrangian finite element formulation for Cosserat rods that attempts to come up with the least required concepts. The chosen discretization preserves objectivity and allows for large displacements/rotations and for large strains. The orientation parametrization with non-unit quaternions results in a singularity-free formulation.
Published: 2023

30. Klassiker als Zugang zur Wissenschaft: Eine Einladung zur Beteiligung

Author: Tremp, Peter, Eugster, Balthasar, Tremp, P., Eugster, B., Tremp, Peter, Eugster, Balthasar, Tremp, P., and Eugster, B.
Abstract: Gibt es Klassiker der Hochschuldidaktik? Die Publikation präsentiert beispielhaft ausgewählte Texte und Theoriekontexte, die wichtige Anregungen für die Entwicklung der Hochschuldidaktik bereithalten, und diskutiert die Bedeutung von Klassikern für das Selbstverständnis einer wissenschaftlichen Disziplin und für die akademische Sozialisation.Der Inhalt• Weshalb Klassiker? • Anregungen aus verwandten Disziplinen • Erkundungen im hochschuldidaktischen Gelände, + ID der Publikation: phlu_12963 + Art des Beitrages: Buchkapitel/Beitrag in Sammelband + Seiten: 83 - 99 + Sprache: Deutsch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2021-05-20 10:28:24
Published: 2020

31. Klassiker als Zugang zur Wissenschaft: Eine Einladung zur Beteiligung

Author: Tremp, Peter, Eugster, Balthasar, Tremp, P., Eugster, B., Tremp, Peter, Eugster, Balthasar, Tremp, P., and Eugster, B.
Abstract: Gibt es Klassiker der Hochschuldidaktik? Die Publikation präsentiert beispielhaft ausgewählte Texte und Theoriekontexte, die wichtige Anregungen für die Entwicklung der Hochschuldidaktik bereithalten, und diskutiert die Bedeutung von Klassikern für das Selbstverständnis einer wissenschaftlichen Disziplin und für die akademische Sozialisation.Der Inhalt• Weshalb Klassiker? • Anregungen aus verwandten Disziplinen • Erkundungen im hochschuldidaktischen Gelände, + ID der Publikation: phlu_12963 + Art des Beitrages: Buchkapitel/Beitrag in Sammelband + Seiten: 83 - 99 + Sprache: Deutsch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2021-05-20 10:28:24
Published: 2020

32. Long-term reliability of the figaro TGS 2600 solid-state methane sensor under low-Arctic conditions at Toolik Lake, Alaska

Author: Eugster, Werner, Laundre, James A., Eugster, Jon, Kling, George W., Eugster, Werner, Laundre, James A., Eugster, Jon, and Kling, George W.
Abstract: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Eugster, W., Laundre, J., Eugster, J., & Kling, G. W. Long-term reliability of the figaro TGS 2600 solid-state methane sensor under low-Arctic conditions at Toolik Lake, Alaska. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 13(5), (2020): 2681-2695, doi:10.5194/amt-13-2681-2020., The TGS 2600 was the first low-cost solid-state sensor that shows a response to ambient levels of CH4 (e.g., range ≈1.8–2.7 µmol mol−1). Here we present an empirical function to correct the TGS 2600 signal for temperature and (absolute) humidity effects and address the long-term reliability of two identical sensors deployed from 2012 to 2018. We assess the performance of the sensors at 30 min resolution and aggregated to weekly medians. Over the entire period the agreement between TGS-derived and reference CH4 mole fractions measured by a high-precision Los Gatos Research instrument was R2=0.42, with better results during summer (R2=0.65 in summer 2012). Using absolute instead of relative humidity for the correction of the TGS 2600 sensor signals reduced the typical deviation from the reference to less than ±0.1 µmol mol−1 over the full range of temperatures from −41 to 27 ∘C. At weekly resolution the two sensors showed a downward drift of signal voltages indicating that after 10–13 years a TGS 2600 may have reached its end of life. While the true trend in CH4 mole fractions measured by the high-quality reference instrument was 10.1 nmolmol−1yr−1 (2012–2018), part of the downward trend in sensor signal (ca. 40 %–60 %) may be due to the increase in CH4 mole fraction because the sensor voltage decreases with increasing CH4 mole fraction. Weekly median diel cycles tend to agree surprisingly well between the TGS 2600 and reference measurements during the snow-free season, but in winter the agreement is lower. We suggest developing separate functions for deducing CH4 mole fractions from TGS 2600 measurements under cold and warm conditions. We conclude that the TGS 2600 sensor can provide data of research-grade quality if it is adequately calibrated and placed in a suitable environment where cross-sensitivities to gases other than CH4 are of no concern., We acknowledge support received from Arctic LTER grants (grant nos. NSF-DEB-1637459, 1026843, 1754835, and NSF-PLR 1504006) and supplemental funding from the NSF-NEON and OPP-AON programs. Gaius R. Shaver (MBL) is acknowledged for initiating the study and supporting our activities in all aspects. ETH is acknowledge for supporting the purchase of the Fast Greenhouse Gas Analyzer that replaced the older Fast Methane Analyzer in 2016 (grant no. 0-43683-11).
Published: 2020

33. Long-term reliability of the figaro TGS 2600 solid-state methane sensor under low-Arctic conditions at Toolik Lake, Alaska

Author: Eugster, Werner, Laundre, James A., Eugster, Jon, Kling, George W., Eugster, Werner, Laundre, James A., Eugster, Jon, and Kling, George W.
Abstract: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Eugster, W., Laundre, J., Eugster, J., & Kling, G. W. Long-term reliability of the figaro TGS 2600 solid-state methane sensor under low-Arctic conditions at Toolik Lake, Alaska. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 13(5), (2020): 2681-2695, doi:10.5194/amt-13-2681-2020., The TGS 2600 was the first low-cost solid-state sensor that shows a response to ambient levels of CH4 (e.g., range ≈1.8–2.7 µmol mol−1). Here we present an empirical function to correct the TGS 2600 signal for temperature and (absolute) humidity effects and address the long-term reliability of two identical sensors deployed from 2012 to 2018. We assess the performance of the sensors at 30 min resolution and aggregated to weekly medians. Over the entire period the agreement between TGS-derived and reference CH4 mole fractions measured by a high-precision Los Gatos Research instrument was R2=0.42, with better results during summer (R2=0.65 in summer 2012). Using absolute instead of relative humidity for the correction of the TGS 2600 sensor signals reduced the typical deviation from the reference to less than ±0.1 µmol mol−1 over the full range of temperatures from −41 to 27 ∘C. At weekly resolution the two sensors showed a downward drift of signal voltages indicating that after 10–13 years a TGS 2600 may have reached its end of life. While the true trend in CH4 mole fractions measured by the high-quality reference instrument was 10.1 nmolmol−1yr−1 (2012–2018), part of the downward trend in sensor signal (ca. 40 %–60 %) may be due to the increase in CH4 mole fraction because the sensor voltage decreases with increasing CH4 mole fraction. Weekly median diel cycles tend to agree surprisingly well between the TGS 2600 and reference measurements during the snow-free season, but in winter the agreement is lower. We suggest developing separate functions for deducing CH4 mole fractions from TGS 2600 measurements under cold and warm conditions. We conclude that the TGS 2600 sensor can provide data of research-grade quality if it is adequately calibrated and placed in a suitable environment where cross-sensitivities to gases other than CH4 are of no concern., We acknowledge support received from Arctic LTER grants (grant nos. NSF-DEB-1637459, 1026843, 1754835, and NSF-PLR 1504006) and supplemental funding from the NSF-NEON and OPP-AON programs. Gaius R. Shaver (MBL) is acknowledged for initiating the study and supporting our activities in all aspects. ETH is acknowledge for supporting the purchase of the Fast Greenhouse Gas Analyzer that replaced the older Fast Methane Analyzer in 2016 (grant no. 0-43683-11).
Published: 2020

34. Interaktion und Architektur: Was man über die Vorlesung aus dem Hörsaal lernen kann

Author: Egger, Rudolf, Eugster, Balthasar, Egger, R ( Rudolf ), Eugster, B ( Balthasar ), Hausendorf, Heiko, Egger, Rudolf, Eugster, Balthasar, Egger, R ( Rudolf ), Eugster, B ( Balthasar ), and Hausendorf, Heiko
Abstract: Aus einer interaktionsanalytischen Perspektive erscheint die Vorlesung als ein Grenzfall von Face-to-face-Interaktion, weil angesichts eingeschränkter Überschaubarkeit der Anwesenden die Möglichkeiten wechselseitiger Wahrnehmungen ihre Grenzen geraten. Auf diese „Unwahrscheinlichkeit“ der Vorlesung reagiert, so die These, die Architektur des Hörsaals. In seinen immer wiederkehrenden baulichen Kernelementen, zu denen die ansteigenden Sitzreihen mit aufklappbaren Schreibflächen, das Podium und die Gestaltung der Stirnwand als Projektionsfläche gehören, ist er der sedimentierte Ausdruck der Lösung genuin kommunikativer Probleme. Wie lassen sich diese genuin kommunikativen Probleme ausgehend von der Architektur des Hörsaals explizieren und wie trägt die Hörsaalarchitektur zum Gelingen der Vorlesung bei?
Published: 2020

35. Klassiker als Zugang zur Wissenschaft: Eine Einladung zur Beteiligung

Author: Tremp, Peter, Eugster, Balthasar, Tremp, P., Eugster, B., Tremp, Peter, Eugster, Balthasar, Tremp, P., and Eugster, B.
Abstract: Gibt es Klassiker der Hochschuldidaktik? Die Publikation präsentiert beispielhaft ausgewählte Texte und Theoriekontexte, die wichtige Anregungen für die Entwicklung der Hochschuldidaktik bereithalten, und diskutiert die Bedeutung von Klassikern für das Selbstverständnis einer wissenschaftlichen Disziplin und für die akademische Sozialisation.Der Inhalt• Weshalb Klassiker? • Anregungen aus verwandten Disziplinen • Erkundungen im hochschuldidaktischen Gelände, + ID der Publikation: phlu_12963 + Art des Beitrages: Buchkapitel/Beitrag in Sammelband + Seiten: 83 - 99 + Sprache: Deutsch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2021-05-20 10:28:24
Published: 2020

36. Klassiker als Zugang zur Wissenschaft: Eine Einladung zur Beteiligung

Author: Tremp, Peter, Eugster, Balthasar, Tremp, P., Eugster, B., Tremp, Peter, Eugster, Balthasar, Tremp, P., and Eugster, B.
Abstract: Gibt es Klassiker der Hochschuldidaktik? Die Publikation präsentiert beispielhaft ausgewählte Texte und Theoriekontexte, die wichtige Anregungen für die Entwicklung der Hochschuldidaktik bereithalten, und diskutiert die Bedeutung von Klassikern für das Selbstverständnis einer wissenschaftlichen Disziplin und für die akademische Sozialisation.Der Inhalt• Weshalb Klassiker? • Anregungen aus verwandten Disziplinen • Erkundungen im hochschuldidaktischen Gelände, + ID der Publikation: phlu_12963 + Art des Beitrages: Buchkapitel/Beitrag in Sammelband + Seiten: 83 - 99 + Sprache: Deutsch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2021-05-20 10:28:24
Published: 2020

37. Distinguishing activated T regulatory cell and T conventional cells by single-cell technologies

Author: Reinhardt, Julia, Sharma, Virag, Stavridou, Antigoni, Lindner, Annett, Reinhardt, Susanne, Petzold, Andreas, Lesche, Mathias, Rost, Fabian, Bonifacio, Ezio, Eugster, Anne, Reinhardt, Julia, Sharma, Virag, Stavridou, Antigoni, Lindner, Annett, Reinhardt, Susanne, Petzold, Andreas, Lesche, Mathias, Rost, Fabian, Bonifacio, Ezio, and Eugster, Anne
Abstract: Resting conventional T cells (Tconv) can be distinguished from T regulatory cells (Treg) by the canonical markers FOXP3, CD25 and CD127. However, the expression of these proteins alters after T-cell activation leading to overlap between Tconv and Treg. The objective of this study was to distinguish resting and antigen-responsive T effector (Tconv) and Treg using single-cell technologies. CD4+ Treg and Tconv cells were stimulated with antigen and responsive and non-responsive populations processed for targeted and non-targeted single-cell RNAseq. Machine learning was used to generate a limited set of genes that could distinguish responding and non-responding Treg and Tconv cells and which was used for single-cell multiplex qPCR and to design a flow cytometry panel. Targeted scRNAseq clearly distinguished the four-cell populations. A minimal set of 27 genes was identified by machine learning algorithms to provide discrimination of the four populations at >95% accuracy. In all, 15 of the genes were validated to be differentially expressed by single-cell multiplex qPCR. Discrimination of responding Treg from responding Tconv could be achieved by a flow cytometry strategy that included staining for CD25, CD127, FOXP3, IKZF2, ITGA4, and the novel marker TRIM which was strongly expressed in Tconv and weakly expressed in both responding and non-responding Treg. A minimal set of genes was identified that discriminates responding and non-responding CD4+ Treg and Tconv cells and, which have identified TRIM as a marker to distinguish Treg by flow cytometry.
Published: 2022

38. Potential of TCR sequencing in graft-versus-host disease

Author: Goel, Manisha, Eugster, Anne, Bonifacio, Ezio, Schetelig, Johannes, Bornhäuser, Martin, Link-Rachner, Cornelia S., Goel, Manisha, Eugster, Anne, Bonifacio, Ezio, Schetelig, Johannes, Bornhäuser, Martin, and Link-Rachner, Cornelia S.
Abstract: Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) remains one of the major complications following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). GvHD can occur in almost every tissue, with the skin, liver, and intestines being the mainly affected organs. T cells are implicated in initiating GvHD. T cells identify a broad range of antigens and mediate the immune response through receptors on their surfaces (T cell receptors, TCRs). The composition of TCRs within a T cell population defines the TCR repertoire of an individual, and this repertoire represents exposure to self and non-self proteins. Monitoring the changes in the TCR repertoire using TCR sequencing can provide an indication of the dynamics of a T cell population. Monitoring the frequency and specificities of specific TCR clonotypes longitudinally in different conditions and specimens (peripheral blood, GvHD-affected tissue samples) can provide insights into factors modulating immune reactions following allogeneic transplantation and will help to understand the underlying mechanisms mediating GvHD. This review provides insights into current studies of the TCR repertoire in GvHD and potential future clinical implications of TCR sequencing.
Published: 2022

39. Non-Standard Errors

Author: Menkveld, A.J., Dreber, A., Holzmeister, F., Huber, J., Johannesson, M., Kirchler, M., Razen, M., Weitzel, G.U., Abad, D., Abudy, M., Adrian, T., Ait-Sahalia, Y., Akmansoy, O., Alcock, J., Alexeev, V., Aloosh, A., Amato, L., Amaya, D., Angel, J., Bach, A., Baidoo, E., Bakalli, G., Barbon, A., Bashchenko, O., Bindra, P.C., Bjonnes, G.H., Black, J., Black, B.S., Bohorquez, S., Bondarenko, O., Bos, C.S., Bosch-Rosa, C., Bouri, E., Brownlees, C.T., Calamia, A., Cao, V.N., Capelle-Blancard, G., Capera, L., Caporin, M., Carrion, A., Caskurlu, T., Chakrabarty, B., Chernov, M., Cheung, W.M., Chincarini, L.B., Chordia, T., Chow, S.C., Clapham, B., Colliard, J.-E., Comerton-Forde, C., Curran, E., Dao, T., Dare, W., Davies, R.J., Blasis, R. De, Nard, G. De, DeClerck, F., Deev, O., Degryse, H., Deku, S., Desagre, C., Dijk, M.A van, Dim, C., Dimpfl, T., Dong, Y., Drummond, P., Dudda, T., Dumitrescu, A., Dyakov, T., Dyhrberg, A.H., Dzieliński, M., Eksi, A., Kalak, I. El, Ellen, S. ter, Eugster, N., Evans, M.D.D., Farrell, M., Félez-Viñas, E., Ferrara, G., Ferrouhi, E.M., Flori, A., Fluharty-Jaidee, J., Foley, S., Fong, K.Y.L., Foucault, T., Franus, T., Franzoni, F.A., Frijns, B., Frömmel, M., Fu, S., Füllbrunn, S.C., Gan, B., Gehrig, T., Gerritsen, D., Gil-Bazo, J., Glosten, L.R., Gomez, T., Gorbenko, A., Güçbilmez, U., Grammig, J., Gregoire, V., Hagströmer, B., Hambuckers, J., Hapnes, E., Harris, J.H., Harris, L., Hartmann, S., Hasse, J.-B., Hautsch, N., He, X., Heath, D., Hediger, S., Hendershott, T., Hibbert, A.M., Hjalmarsson, E., Hoelscher, S.A., Hoffmann, P., Holden, C.W., Horenstein, A.R., Huang, W., Huang, D., Hurlin, C., Ivashchenko, A., Iyer, S.R., Jahanshahloo, H., Jalkh, N., Jones, C.M., Jurkatis, S., Jylha, P., Kaeck, A., Kaiser, G., Karam, A., Karmaziene, E., Kassner, B., Kaustia, M., Kazak, E., Kearney, F., Kervel, V. van, Khan, S., Khomyn, M., Klein, T., Klein, O., Klos, A., Koetter, M., Krahnen, J.P., Kolokolov, A., Korajczyk, R.A., Kozhan, R., Kwan, A., Lajaunie, Q., Lam, F.E.C., Lambert, M., Langlois, H., Lausen, J., Lauter, T., Leippold, M., Levin, V., Li, Y., Li, H., Liew, C.Y., Lindner, T., Linton, O.B., Liu, J., Liu, A., Llorente, G., Lof, M., Lohr, A., Longstaff, F.A., Lopez-Lira, A., Mankad, S., Mano, N., Marchal, A., Martineau, C., Mazzola, F., Meloso, D., Mihet, R., Mohan, V., Moinas, S., Moore, D., Mu, L., Muravyev, D., Murphy, D., Neszveda, G., Neumeier, C., Nielsson, U., Nimalendran, M., Nolte, S., Norden, L.L., O'Neill, P., Obaid, K., Ødegaard, B.A., Östberg, P., Painter, M., Palan, S., Palit, I., Park, A., Pascual, R., Pasquariello, P., Pastor, L., Patel, V., Patton, A.J., Pearson, N.D., Pelizzon, L., Pelster, M., Pérignon, C., Pfiffer, C., Philip, R., Plíhal, T., Prakash, P., Press, O.-A., Prodromou, T., Putniņš, T.J., Raizada, G., Rakowski, D.A., Ranaldo, A., Regis, L., Reitz, S., Renault, T., Renjie, R.W., Renò, R., Riddiough, S., Rinne, K., Rintamäki, P., Riordan, R., Rittmannsberger, T., Rodríguez-Longarela, I., Rösch, D., Rognone, L., Roseman, B., Rosu, I., Roy, S., Rudolf, N., Rush, S., Rzayev, K., Rzeźnik, A., Sanford, A., Sankaran, H., Sarkar, A., Sarno, L., Scaillet, O., Scharnowski, S., Schenk-Hoppé, K.R., Schertler, A., Schneider, M., Schroeder, F., Schürhoff, N., Schuster, P., Schwarz, M.A., Seasholes, M.S., Seeger, N., Shachar, O., Shkilko, A., Shui, J., Sikic, M., Simion, G., Smales, L.A., Söderlind, P., Sojli, E., Sokolov, K., Spokeviciute, L., Stefanova, D., Subrahmanyam, M.G., Neusüss, S., Szaszi, B., Talavera, O., Tang, Y., Taylor, N., Tham, W.W., Theissen, E., Thimme, J., Tonks, I., Tran, H., Trapin, L., Trolle, A.B., Valente, G., Ness, R.A. Van, Vasquez, A., Verousis, T., Verwijmeren, P., Vilhelmsson, A., Vilkov, G., Vladimirov, V., Vogel, S., Voigt, S., Wagner, W., Walther, T., Weiss, P., Wel, M. van der, Werner, I.M., Westerholm, P.J., Westheide, C., Wipplinger, E., Wolf, M., Wolff, C.C.P., Wolk, L., Wong, W.-K., Wrampelmeyer, J., Xia, S., Xiu, D., Xu, K., Xu, C., Yadav, P.K., Yagüe, J., Yan, C., Yang, A., Yoo, W., Yu, W., Yu, S., Yueshen, B.Z., Yuferova, D., Zamojski, M., Zareei, A., Zeisberger, S.M., Zhang, S.S., Zhang, X., Zhong, Z., Zhou, Z.I., Zhou, C., Zhu, X.S., Zoican, M., Zwinkels, R.C.J., Chen, J., Duevski, T., Gao, G., Gemayel, R., Gilder, D. de, Kuhle, P., Pagnotta, E., Pelli, M., Sönksen, J., Zhang, L., Ilczuk, K., Bogoev, D., Qian, Y., Wika, H.C., Yu, Y., Zhao, L., Mi, M., Bao, L., Vaduva, A., Prokopczuk, P., Avetikian, A., Wu, Z.-X., Menkveld, A.J., Dreber, A., Holzmeister, F., Huber, J., Johannesson, M., Kirchler, M., Razen, M., Weitzel, G.U., Abad, D., Abudy, M., Adrian, T., Ait-Sahalia, Y., Akmansoy, O., Alcock, J., Alexeev, V., Aloosh, A., Amato, L., Amaya, D., Angel, J., Bach, A., Baidoo, E., Bakalli, G., Barbon, A., Bashchenko, O., Bindra, P.C., Bjonnes, G.H., Black, J., Black, B.S., Bohorquez, S., Bondarenko, O., Bos, C.S., Bosch-Rosa, C., Bouri, E., Brownlees, C.T., Calamia, A., Cao, V.N., Capelle-Blancard, G., Capera, L., Caporin, M., Carrion, A., Caskurlu, T., Chakrabarty, B., Chernov, M., Cheung, W.M., Chincarini, L.B., Chordia, T., Chow, S.C., Clapham, B., Colliard, J.-E., Comerton-Forde, C., Curran, E., Dao, T., Dare, W., Davies, R.J., Blasis, R. De, Nard, G. De, DeClerck, F., Deev, O., Degryse, H., Deku, S., Desagre, C., Dijk, M.A van, Dim, C., Dimpfl, T., Dong, Y., Drummond, P., Dudda, T., Dumitrescu, A., Dyakov, T., Dyhrberg, A.H., Dzieliński, M., Eksi, A., Kalak, I. El, Ellen, S. ter, Eugster, N., Evans, M.D.D., Farrell, M., Félez-Viñas, E., Ferrara, G., Ferrouhi, E.M., Flori, A., Fluharty-Jaidee, J., Foley, S., Fong, K.Y.L., Foucault, T., Franus, T., Franzoni, F.A., Frijns, B., Frömmel, M., Fu, S., Füllbrunn, S.C., Gan, B., Gehrig, T., Gerritsen, D., Gil-Bazo, J., Glosten, L.R., Gomez, T., Gorbenko, A., Güçbilmez, U., Grammig, J., Gregoire, V., Hagströmer, B., Hambuckers, J., Hapnes, E., Harris, J.H., Harris, L., Hartmann, S., Hasse, J.-B., Hautsch, N., He, X., Heath, D., Hediger, S., Hendershott, T., Hibbert, A.M., Hjalmarsson, E., Hoelscher, S.A., Hoffmann, P., Holden, C.W., Horenstein, A.R., Huang, W., Huang, D., Hurlin, C., Ivashchenko, A., Iyer, S.R., Jahanshahloo, H., Jalkh, N., Jones, C.M., Jurkatis, S., Jylha, P., Kaeck, A., Kaiser, G., Karam, A., Karmaziene, E., Kassner, B., Kaustia, M., Kazak, E., Kearney, F., Kervel, V. van, Khan, S., Khomyn, M., Klein, T., Klein, O., Klos, A., Koetter, M., Krahnen, J.P., Kolokolov, A., Korajczyk, R.A., Kozhan, R., Kwan, A., Lajaunie, Q., Lam, F.E.C., Lambert, M., Langlois, H., Lausen, J., Lauter, T., Leippold, M., Levin, V., Li, Y., Li, H., Liew, C.Y., Lindner, T., Linton, O.B., Liu, J., Liu, A., Llorente, G., Lof, M., Lohr, A., Longstaff, F.A., Lopez-Lira, A., Mankad, S., Mano, N., Marchal, A., Martineau, C., Mazzola, F., Meloso, D., Mihet, R., Mohan, V., Moinas, S., Moore, D., Mu, L., Muravyev, D., Murphy, D., Neszveda, G., Neumeier, C., Nielsson, U., Nimalendran, M., Nolte, S., Norden, L.L., O'Neill, P., Obaid, K., Ødegaard, B.A., Östberg, P., Painter, M., Palan, S., Palit, I., Park, A., Pascual, R., Pasquariello, P., Pastor, L., Patel, V., Patton, A.J., Pearson, N.D., Pelizzon, L., Pelster, M., Pérignon, C., Pfiffer, C., Philip, R., Plíhal, T., Prakash, P., Press, O.-A., Prodromou, T., Putniņš, T.J., Raizada, G., Rakowski, D.A., Ranaldo, A., Regis, L., Reitz, S., Renault, T., Renjie, R.W., Renò, R., Riddiough, S., Rinne, K., Rintamäki, P., Riordan, R., Rittmannsberger, T., Rodríguez-Longarela, I., Rösch, D., Rognone, L., Roseman, B., Rosu, I., Roy, S., Rudolf, N., Rush, S., Rzayev, K., Rzeźnik, A., Sanford, A., Sankaran, H., Sarkar, A., Sarno, L., Scaillet, O., Scharnowski, S., Schenk-Hoppé, K.R., Schertler, A., Schneider, M., Schroeder, F., Schürhoff, N., Schuster, P., Schwarz, M.A., Seasholes, M.S., Seeger, N., Shachar, O., Shkilko, A., Shui, J., Sikic, M., Simion, G., Smales, L.A., Söderlind, P., Sojli, E., Sokolov, K., Spokeviciute, L., Stefanova, D., Subrahmanyam, M.G., Neusüss, S., Szaszi, B., Talavera, O., Tang, Y., Taylor, N., Tham, W.W., Theissen, E., Thimme, J., Tonks, I., Tran, H., Trapin, L., Trolle, A.B., Valente, G., Ness, R.A. Van, Vasquez, A., Verousis, T., Verwijmeren, P., Vilhelmsson, A., Vilkov, G., Vladimirov, V., Vogel, S., Voigt, S., Wagner, W., Walther, T., Weiss, P., Wel, M. van der, Werner, I.M., Westerholm, P.J., Westheide, C., Wipplinger, E., Wolf, M., Wolff, C.C.P., Wolk, L., Wong, W.-K., Wrampelmeyer, J., Xia, S., Xiu, D., Xu, K., Xu, C., Yadav, P.K., Yagüe, J., Yan, C., Yang, A., Yoo, W., Yu, W., Yu, S., Yueshen, B.Z., Yuferova, D., Zamojski, M., Zareei, A., Zeisberger, S.M., Zhang, S.S., Zhang, X., Zhong, Z., Zhou, Z.I., Zhou, C., Zhu, X.S., Zoican, M., Zwinkels, R.C.J., Chen, J., Duevski, T., Gao, G., Gemayel, R., Gilder, D. de, Kuhle, P., Pagnotta, E., Pelli, M., Sönksen, J., Zhang, L., Ilczuk, K., Bogoev, D., Qian, Y., Wika, H.C., Yu, Y., Zhao, L., Mi, M., Bao, L., Vaduva, A., Prokopczuk, P., Avetikian, A., and Wu, Z.-X.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in sample estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty: non-standard errors. To study them, we let 164 teams test six hypotheses on the same sample. We find that non-standard errors are sizeable, on par with standard errors. Their size (i) co-varies only weakly with team merits, reproducibility, or peer rating, (ii) declines significantly after peer-feedback, and (iii) is underestimated by participants.
Published: 2022

40. Global maps of soil temperature

Author: Lembrechts, Jonas J., van den Hoogen, Johan, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B., De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Kopecký, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya M. D., Crowther, Thomas W., Bailey, Joseph J., Haesen, Stef, Klinges, David H., Niittynen, Pekka, Scheffers, Brett R., Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Aartsma, Peter, Abdalaze, Otar, Abedi, Mehdi, Aerts, Rien, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahrends, Antje, Alatalo, Juha M., Alexander, Jake M., Allonsius, Camille Nina, Altman, Jan, Ammann, Christof, Andres, Christian, Andrews, Christopher, Ardö, Jonas, Arriga, Nicola, Arzac, Alberto, Aschero, Valeria, Assis, Rafael L., Assmann, Jakob Johann, Bader, Maaike Y., Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Barančok, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C., Barros, Agustina, Barthel, Matti, Basham, Edmund W., Bauters, Marijn, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Belelli Marchesini, Luca, Bell, Michael C., Benavides, Juan C., Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berauer, Bernd J., Bjerke, Jarle W., Björk, Robert G., Björkman, Mats P., Björnsdóttir, Katrin, Blonder, Benjamin, Boeckx, Pascal, Boike, Julia, Bokhorst, Stef, Brum, Bárbara N. S., Brůna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Buysse, Pauline, Camargo, Jose Luis C., Campoe, Otavio, Candan, Onur, Canessa, Rafaella, Cannone, Nicoletta, Carbognani, Michele, Carnicer, Jofre, Casanova-Katny, Angélica, Cesarz, Simone, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Choler, Philippe, Chown, Steven L., Cifuentes, Edgar F., Čiliak, Marek, Contador, Tamara, Convey, Peter, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cremonese, Eodardo, Curasi, Salvatore R., Curtis, Robin, Cutini, Maurizio, Dahlberg, C. Johan, Daskalova, Gergana N., de Pablo, Miguel Angel, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Dengler, Jürgen, Deronde, Bart, Di Cecco, Valter, Di Musciano, Michele, Dick, Jan, Dimarco, Romina D., Dolezal, Jiri, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Dusek, Jiri, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eklundh, Lars, Erickson, Todd E., Erschbamer, Brigitta, Eugster, Werner, Ewers, Robert M., Exton, Dan A., Fanin, Nicolas, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Feigenwinter, Iris, Fenu, Giuseppe, Ferlian, Olga, Fernández Calzado, M. Rosa, Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo, Finckh, Manfred, Finger Higgens, Rebecca, Forte, T'ai G. W., Freeman, Erika C., Frei, Esther R., Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo, García, Rafael A., García, María B., Géron, Charly, Gharun, Mana, Ghosn, Dany, Gigauri, Khatuna, Gobin, Anne, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Gottschall, Felix, Goulding, Keith, Govaert, Sanne, Jessen Graae, Bente, Greenwood, Sarah, Greiser, Caroline, Grelle, Achim, Guénard, Benoït, Guglielmin, Mauro, Guillemot, Joannès, Haase, Peter, Haider, Sylvia, Halbritter, Aud H., Hamid, Maroof, Hammerle, Albin, Hampe, Arndt, Haugum, Siri V., Hederová, Lucia, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfters, Carole, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Herberich, Maximiliane, Herbst, Mathias, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S., Hoffrén, Raúl, Homeier, Jürgen, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Hoye, Toke T., Hrbacek, Filip, Hylander, Kristoffer, Iwata, Hiroki, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin, Jactel, Hervé, Järveoja, Järvi, Jastrzębowski, Szymon, Jentsch, Anke, Jiménez, Juan J., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Jucker, Tommaso, Jump, Alistair S., Juszczak, Radoslaw, Kanka, Robert, Kašpar, Vít, Kazakis, George, Kelly, Julia, Khuroo, Anzar A., Klemedtsson, Leif, Klisz, Marcin, Kljun, Natascha, Knohl, Alexander, Kobler, Johannes, Kollár, Jozef, Kotowska, Martyna M., Kovács, Bence, Kreyling, Juergen, Lamprecht, Andrea, Lang, Simone I., Larson, Christian, Larson, Keith, Laska, Kamil, Le Maire, Guerric, Leihy, Rachel I., Lens, Luc, Liljebladh, Bengt, Lohila, Annalea, Lorite, Juan, Loubet, Benjamin, Lynn, Joshua, Macek, Martin, Mackenzie, Roy, Magliulo, Enzo, Maier, Regine, Malfasi, Francesco, Malis, František, Man, Matěj, Manca, Giovanni, Manco, Antonio, Manise, Tanguy, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Marciniak, Felipe, Matula, Radim, Mazzolari, Ana Clara, Medinets, Volodymyr, Meeussen, Camille, Merinero, Sonia, de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, Rita, Meusburger, Katrin, Meysman, Filip J.R., Michaletz, Sean T., Milbau, Ann, Moiseev, Dmitry, Moiseev, Pavel, Mondoni, Andrea, Monfries, Ruth, Montagnani, Leonardo, Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel, Morra di Cella, Umberto, Mörsdorf, Martin, Mosedale, Jonnathan R., Muffler, Lena, Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam, Myers, Jonnathan A., Myers-Smith, Isla H., Nagy, Laszlo, Nardino, Marianna, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Newling, Emily, Nicklas, Lena, Niedrist, Georg, Niessner, Armin, Nilsson, Mats B., Normand, Signe, Nosetto, Marcelo, Nouvellon, Yann, Nunez, Martin, Ogaya, Romà, Ogée, Jérôme, Okello, Joseph, Olejnik, Janusz, Olesen, Jørgen Eivind, Opedal, Oystein H., Orsenigo, Simone, Palaj, Andrej, Pampuch, Timo, Panov, Alexey V., Pärtel, Meelis, Pastor, Ada, Pauchard, Anibal, Pauli, Harald, Pavelka, Marian, Pearse, William D., Peichl, Matthias, Pellissier, Loïc, Penczykowski, Rachel M., Peñuelas, Josep, Petit Bon, Matteo, Petraglia, Alessandro, Phartyal, Shyam S., Phoenix, Gareth K., Pio, Casimiro, Pitacco, Andrea, Pitteloud, Camille, Plichta, Roman, Porro, Francesco, Portillo-Estrada, Miguel, Poulenard, Jérôme, Poyatos, Rafael, Prokushkin, Anatoly S., Puchalka, Radoslaw, Puscas, Mihai, Radujković, Dajana, Randall, Krystal, Ratier Backes, Amanda, Remmele, Sabine, Remmers, Wolfram, Renault, David, Risch, Anita C., Rixen, Christian, Robinson, Sharon A., Robroek, Bjorn J.M., Rocha, Adrian V., Rossi, Christian, Rossi, Graziano, Roupsard, Olivier, et al., Lembrechts, Jonas J., van den Hoogen, Johan, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B., De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Kopecký, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya M. D., Crowther, Thomas W., Bailey, Joseph J., Haesen, Stef, Klinges, David H., Niittynen, Pekka, Scheffers, Brett R., Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Aartsma, Peter, Abdalaze, Otar, Abedi, Mehdi, Aerts, Rien, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahrends, Antje, Alatalo, Juha M., Alexander, Jake M., Allonsius, Camille Nina, Altman, Jan, Ammann, Christof, Andres, Christian, Andrews, Christopher, Ardö, Jonas, Arriga, Nicola, Arzac, Alberto, Aschero, Valeria, Assis, Rafael L., Assmann, Jakob Johann, Bader, Maaike Y., Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Barančok, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C., Barros, Agustina, Barthel, Matti, Basham, Edmund W., Bauters, Marijn, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Belelli Marchesini, Luca, Bell, Michael C., Benavides, Juan C., Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berauer, Bernd J., Bjerke, Jarle W., Björk, Robert G., Björkman, Mats P., Björnsdóttir, Katrin, Blonder, Benjamin, Boeckx, Pascal, Boike, Julia, Bokhorst, Stef, Brum, Bárbara N. S., Brůna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Buysse, Pauline, Camargo, Jose Luis C., Campoe, Otavio, Candan, Onur, Canessa, Rafaella, Cannone, Nicoletta, Carbognani, Michele, Carnicer, Jofre, Casanova-Katny, Angélica, Cesarz, Simone, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Choler, Philippe, Chown, Steven L., Cifuentes, Edgar F., Čiliak, Marek, Contador, Tamara, Convey, Peter, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cremonese, Eodardo, Curasi, Salvatore R., Curtis, Robin, Cutini, Maurizio, Dahlberg, C. Johan, Daskalova, Gergana N., de Pablo, Miguel Angel, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Dengler, Jürgen, Deronde, Bart, Di Cecco, Valter, Di Musciano, Michele, Dick, Jan, Dimarco, Romina D., Dolezal, Jiri, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Dusek, Jiri, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eklundh, Lars, Erickson, Todd E., Erschbamer, Brigitta, Eugster, Werner, Ewers, Robert M., Exton, Dan A., Fanin, Nicolas, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Feigenwinter, Iris, Fenu, Giuseppe, Ferlian, Olga, Fernández Calzado, M. Rosa, Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo, Finckh, Manfred, Finger Higgens, Rebecca, Forte, T'ai G. W., Freeman, Erika C., Frei, Esther R., Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo, García, Rafael A., García, María B., Géron, Charly, Gharun, Mana, Ghosn, Dany, Gigauri, Khatuna, Gobin, Anne, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Gottschall, Felix, Goulding, Keith, Govaert, Sanne, Jessen Graae, Bente, Greenwood, Sarah, Greiser, Caroline, Grelle, Achim, Guénard, Benoït, Guglielmin, Mauro, Guillemot, Joannès, Haase, Peter, Haider, Sylvia, Halbritter, Aud H., Hamid, Maroof, Hammerle, Albin, Hampe, Arndt, Haugum, Siri V., Hederová, Lucia, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfters, Carole, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Herberich, Maximiliane, Herbst, Mathias, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S., Hoffrén, Raúl, Homeier, Jürgen, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Hoye, Toke T., Hrbacek, Filip, Hylander, Kristoffer, Iwata, Hiroki, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin, Jactel, Hervé, Järveoja, Järvi, Jastrzębowski, Szymon, Jentsch, Anke, Jiménez, Juan J., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Jucker, Tommaso, Jump, Alistair S., Juszczak, Radoslaw, Kanka, Robert, Kašpar, Vít, Kazakis, George, Kelly, Julia, Khuroo, Anzar A., Klemedtsson, Leif, Klisz, Marcin, Kljun, Natascha, Knohl, Alexander, Kobler, Johannes, Kollár, Jozef, Kotowska, Martyna M., Kovács, Bence, Kreyling, Juergen, Lamprecht, Andrea, Lang, Simone I., Larson, Christian, Larson, Keith, Laska, Kamil, Le Maire, Guerric, Leihy, Rachel I., Lens, Luc, Liljebladh, Bengt, Lohila, Annalea, Lorite, Juan, Loubet, Benjamin, Lynn, Joshua, Macek, Martin, Mackenzie, Roy, Magliulo, Enzo, Maier, Regine, Malfasi, Francesco, Malis, František, Man, Matěj, Manca, Giovanni, Manco, Antonio, Manise, Tanguy, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Marciniak, Felipe, Matula, Radim, Mazzolari, Ana Clara, Medinets, Volodymyr, Meeussen, Camille, Merinero, Sonia, de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, Rita, Meusburger, Katrin, Meysman, Filip J.R., Michaletz, Sean T., Milbau, Ann, Moiseev, Dmitry, Moiseev, Pavel, Mondoni, Andrea, Monfries, Ruth, Montagnani, Leonardo, Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel, Morra di Cella, Umberto, Mörsdorf, Martin, Mosedale, Jonnathan R., Muffler, Lena, Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam, Myers, Jonnathan A., Myers-Smith, Isla H., Nagy, Laszlo, Nardino, Marianna, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Newling, Emily, Nicklas, Lena, Niedrist, Georg, Niessner, Armin, Nilsson, Mats B., Normand, Signe, Nosetto, Marcelo, Nouvellon, Yann, Nunez, Martin, Ogaya, Romà, Ogée, Jérôme, Okello, Joseph, Olejnik, Janusz, Olesen, Jørgen Eivind, Opedal, Oystein H., Orsenigo, Simone, Palaj, Andrej, Pampuch, Timo, Panov, Alexey V., Pärtel, Meelis, Pastor, Ada, Pauchard, Anibal, Pauli, Harald, Pavelka, Marian, Pearse, William D., Peichl, Matthias, Pellissier, Loïc, Penczykowski, Rachel M., Peñuelas, Josep, Petit Bon, Matteo, Petraglia, Alessandro, Phartyal, Shyam S., Phoenix, Gareth K., Pio, Casimiro, Pitacco, Andrea, Pitteloud, Camille, Plichta, Roman, Porro, Francesco, Portillo-Estrada, Miguel, Poulenard, Jérôme, Poyatos, Rafael, Prokushkin, Anatoly S., Puchalka, Radoslaw, Puscas, Mihai, Radujković, Dajana, Randall, Krystal, Ratier Backes, Amanda, Remmele, Sabine, Remmers, Wolfram, Renault, David, Risch, Anita C., Rixen, Christian, Robinson, Sharon A., Robroek, Bjorn J.M., Rocha, Adrian V., Rossi, Christian, Rossi, Graziano, Roupsard, Olivier, and et al.
Abstract: Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.
Published: 2022

41. Global maps of soil temperature

Author: Lembrechts, Jonas J, van den Hoogen, Johan, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B, De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Kopecký, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya M D, Crowther, Thomas W, Bailey, Joseph J, Haesen, Stef, Klinges, David H, Niittynen, Pekka, Scheffers, Brett R, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Aartsma, Peter, Abdalaze, Otar, Abedi, Mehdi, Aerts, Rien, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahrends, Antje, Alatalo, Juha M, Alexander, Jake M, Allonsius, Camille Nina, Altman, Jan, Ammann, Christof, Andres, Christian, Andrews, Christopher, Ardö, Jonas, Arriga, Nicola, Arzac, Alberto, Aschero, Valeria, Assis, Rafael L, Assmann, Jakob Johann, Bader, Maaike Y, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Barančok, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C, Barros, Agustina, Barthel, Matti, Basham, Edmund W, Bauters, Marijn, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Marchesini, Luca Belelli, Bell, Michael C, Benavides, Juan C, Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berauer, Bernd J, Bjerke, Jarle W, Björk, Robert G, Björkman, Mats P, Björnsdóttir, Katrin, Blonder, Benjamin, Boeckx, Pascal, Boike, Julia, Bokhorst, Stef, Brum, Bárbara N S, Brůna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Buysse, Pauline, Camargo, José Luís, Campoe, Otávio C, Candan, Onur, Canessa, Rafaella, Cannone, Nicoletta, Carbognani, Michele, Carnicer, Jofre, Casanova-Katny, Angélica, Cesarz, Simone, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Choler, Philippe, Chown, Steven L, Cifuentes, Edgar F, Čiliak, Marek, Contador, Tamara, Convey, Peter, Cooper, Elisabeth J, Cremonese, Edoardo, Curasi, Salvatore R, Curtis, Robin, Cutini, Maurizio, Dahlberg, C Johan, Daskalova, Gergana N, de Pablo, Miguel Angel, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Dengler, Jürgen, Deronde, Bart, Descombes, Patrice, Di Cecco, Valter, Di Musciano, Michele, Dick, Jan, Dimarco, Romina D, Dolezal, Jiri, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Dušek, Jiří, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eklundh, Lars, Erickson, Todd E, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Eugster, Werner, Ewers, Robert M, Exton, Dan A, Fanin, Nicolas, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Feigenwinter, Iris, Fenu, Giuseppe, Ferlian, Olga, Fernández 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Maroof, Hammerle, Albin, Hampe, Arndt, Haugum, Siri V, Hederová, Lucia, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfter, Carole, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Herberich, Maximiliane, Herbst, Mathias, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S, Hoffrén, Raúl, Homeier, Jürgen, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Høye, Toke T, Hrbacek, Filip, Hylander, Kristoffer, Iwata, Hiroki, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin Antoni, Jactel, Hervé, Järveoja, Järvi, Jastrzębowski, Szymon, Jentsch, Anke, Jiménez, Juan J, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Jucker, Tommaso, Jump, Alistair S, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Kanka, Róbert, Kašpar, Vít, Kazakis, George, Kelly, Julia, Khuroo, Anzar A, Klemedtsson, Leif, Klisz, Marcin, Kljun, Natascha, Knohl, Alexander, Kobler, Johannes, Kollár, Jozef, Kotowska, Martyna M, Kovács, Bence, Kreyling, Juergen, Lamprecht, Andrea, Lang, Simone I, Larson, Christian, Larson, Keith, Laska, Kamil, le Maire, Guerric, Leihy, Rachel I, Lens, Luc, Liljebladh, Bengt, Lohila, Annalea, Lorite, Juan, Loubet, Benjamin, Lynn, Joshua, Macek, Martin, Mackenzie, Roy, Magliulo, Enzo, Maier, Regine, Malfasi, Francesco, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Manca, Giovanni, Manco, Antonio, Manise, Tanguy, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Marciniak, Felipe, Matula, Radim, Mazzolari, Ana Clara, Medinets, Sergiy, Medinets, Volodymyr, Meeussen, Camille, Merinero, Sonia, Mesquita, Rita de Cássia Guimarães, Meusburger, Katrin, Meysman, Filip J R, Michaletz, Sean T, Milbau, Ann, Moiseev, Dmitry, Moiseev, Pavel, Mondoni, Andrea, Monfries, Ruth, Montagnani, Leonardo, Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel, Morra di Cella, Umberto, Mörsdorf, Martin, Mosedale, Jonathan R, Muffler, Lena, Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam, Myers, Jonathan A, Myers-Smith, Isla H, Nagy, Laszlo, Nardino, Marianna, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Newling, Emily, Nicklas, Lena, Niedrist, Georg, Niessner, Armin, Nilsson, Mats B, Normand, Signe, Nosetto, Marcelo D, Nouvellon, Yann, Nuñez, Martin A, Ogaya, Romà, Ogée, Jérôme, Okello, Joseph, Olejnik, Janusz, Olesen, Jørgen Eivind, Opedal, Øystein H, Orsenigo, Simone, Palaj, Andrej, Pampuch, Timo, Panov, Alexey V, Pärtel, Meelis, Pastor, Ada, Pauchard, Aníbal, Pauli, Harald, Pavelka, Marian, Pearse, William D, Peichl, Matthias, Pellissier, Loïc, Penczykowski, Rachel M, Penuelas, Josep, Petit Bon, Matteo, Petraglia, Alessandro, Phartyal, Shyam S, Phoenix, Gareth K, Pio, Casimiro, Pitacco, Andrea, Pitteloud, Camille, Plichta, Roman, Porro, Francesco, Portillo-Estrada, Miguel, Poulenard, Jérôme, Poyatos, Rafael, Prokushkin, Anatoly S, Puchalka, Radoslaw, Pușcaș, Mihai, Radujković, Dajana, Randall, Krystal, Ratier Backes, Amanda, Remmele, Sabine, Remmers, Wolfram, Renault, David, Risch, Anita C, Rixen, Christian, Robinson, Sharon A, Robroek, Bjorn J M, Rocha, Adrian V, Rossi, Christian, Rossi, Graziano, Roupsard, Olivier, Rubtsov, Alexey V, Saccone, Patrick, Sagot, Clotilde, Sallo Bravo, Jhonatan, Santos, Cinthya C, Sarneel, Judith M, Scharnweber, Tobias, Schmeddes, Jonas, Schmidt, Marius, Scholten, Thomas, Schuchardt, Max, Schwartz, Naomi, Scott, Tony, Seeber, Julia, Segalin de Andrade, Ana Cristina, Seipel, Tim, Semenchuk, Philipp, Senior, Rebecca A, Serra-Diaz, Josep M, Sewerniak, Piotr, Shekhar, Ankit, Sidenko, Nikita V, Siebicke, Lukas, Siegwart Collier, Laura, Simpson, Elizabeth, Siqueira, David P, Sitková, Zuzana, Six, Johan, Smiljanic, Marko, Smith, Stuart W, Smith-Tripp, Sarah, Somers, Ben, Sørensen, Mia Vedel, Souza, José João L L, Souza, Bartolomeu Israel, Souza Dias, Arildo, Spasojevic, Marko J, Speed, James D M, Spicher, Fabien, Stanisci, Angela, Steinbauer, Klaus, Steinbrecher, Rainer, Steinwandter, Michael, Stemkovski, Michael, Stephan, Jörg G, Stiegler, Christian, Stoll, Stefan, Svátek, Martin, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tagesson, Torbern, Tanentzap, Andrew J, Tanneberger, Franziska, Theurillat, Jean-Paul, Thomas, Haydn J D, Thomas, Andrew D, Tielbörger, Katja, Tomaselli, Marcello, Treier, Urs Albert, Trouillier, Mario, Turtureanu, Pavel Dan, Tutton, Rosamond, Tyystjärvi, Vilna A, Ueyama, Masahito, Ujházy, Karol, Ujházyová, Mariana, Uogintas, Domas, Urban, Anastasiya V, Urban, Josef, Urbaniak, Marek, Ursu, Tudor-Mihai, Vaccari, Francesco Primo, Van de Vondel, Stijn, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Van Geel, Maarten, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Varlagin, Andrej, Veen, G F, Veenendaal, Elmar, Venn, Susanna E, Verbeeck, Hans, Verbrugggen, Erik, Verheijen, Frank G A, Villar, Luis, Vitale, Luca, Vittoz, Pascal, Vives-Ingla, Maria, von Oppen, Jonathan, Walz, Josefine, Wang, Runxi, Wang, Yifeng, Way, Robert G, Wedegärtner, Ronja E M, Weigel, Robert, Wild, Jan, Wilkinson, Matthew, Wilmking, Martin, Wingate, Lisa, Winkler, Manuela, Wipf, Sonja, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Xenakis, Georgios, Yang, Yan, Yu, Zicheng, Yu, Kailiang, Zellweger, Florian, Zhang, Jian, Zhang, Zhaochen, Zhao, Peng, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Zimmermann, Reiner, Zong, Shengwei, Zyryanov, Viacheslav I, Nijs, Ivan, and Lenoir, Jonathan
Abstract: Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.
Published: 2022

42. Global maps of soil temperature

Author: Lembrechts, Jonas J., van den Hoogen, Johan, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B., De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Kopecký, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya M. D., Crowther, Thomas W., Bailey, Joseph J., Haesen, Stef, Klinges, David H., Niittynen, Pekka, Scheffers, Brett R., Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Aartsma, Peter, Abdalaze, Otar, Abedi, Mehdi, Aerts, Rien, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahrends, Antje, Alatalo, Juha M., Alexander, Jake M., Nina Allonsius, Camille, Altman, Jan, Ammann, Christof, Andres, Christian, Andrews, Christopher, Ardö, Jonas, Arriga, Nicola, Arzac, Alberto, Aschero, Valeria, Assis, Rafael L., Johann Assmann, Jakob, Bader, Maaike Y., Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Barančok, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C., Barros, Agustina, Barthel, Matti, Basham, Edmund W., Bauters, Marijn, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Belelli Marchesini, Luca, Bell, Michael C., Benavides, Juan C., Luis Benito Alonso, José, Berauer, Bernd J., Bjerke, Jarle W., Björk, Robert G., Björkman, Mats P., Björnsdóttir, Katrin, Blonder, Benjamin, Boeckx, Pascal, Boike, Julia, Bokhorst, Stef, Brum, Bárbara N.S., Brůna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Buysse, Pauline, Luís Camargo, José, Campoe, Otávio C., Candan, Onur, Canessa, Rafaella, Cannone, Nicoletta, Carbognani, Michele, Carnicer, Jofre, Casanova‐Katny, Angélica, Cesarz, Simone, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Choler, Philippe, Chown, Steven L., Cifuentes, Edgar F., Čiliak, Marek, Contador, Tamara, Convey, Peter, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cremonese, Edoardo, Curasi, Salvatore R., Curtis, Robin, Cutini, Maurizio, Johan Dahlberg, C., Daskalova, Gergana N., Angel de Pablo, Miguel, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Dengler, Jürgen, Deronde, Bart, Descombes, Patrice, Di Cecco, Valter, Di Musciano, Michele, Dick, Jan, Dimarco, Romina D., Dolezal, Jiri, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Dušek, Jiří, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eklundh, Lars, Erickson, Todd E., Erschbamer, Brigitta, Eugster, Werner, Ewers, Robert M., Exton, Dan A., Fanin, Nicolas, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Feigenwinter, Iris, Fenu, Giuseppe, Ferlian, Olga, Rosa Fernández Calzado, M., Fernández‐Pascual, Eduardo, Finckh, Manfred, Finger Higgens, Rebecca, Forte, T'ai G.W., Freeman, Erika C., Frei, Esther R., Fuentes‐Lillo, Eduardo, García, Rafael A., García, María B., Géron, Charly, Gharun, Mana, Ghosn, Dany, Gigauri, Khatuna, Gobin, Anne, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Gottschall, Felix, Goulding, Keith, Govaert, Sanne, Jessen Graae, Bente, Greenwood, Sarah, Greiser, Caroline, Grelle, Achim, Guénard, Benoit, Guglielmin, Mauro, Guillemot, Joannès, Haase, Peter, Haider, Sylvia, Halbritter, Aud H., Hamid, Maroof, Hammerle, Albin, Hampe, Arndt, Haugum, Siri V., Hederová, Lucia, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfter, Carole, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Herberich, Maximiliane, Herbst, Mathias, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S., Hoffrén, Raúl, Homeier, Jürgen, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Høye, Toke T., Hrbacek, Filip, Hylander, Kristoffer, Iwata, Hiroki, Antoni Jackowicz‐Korczynski, Marcin, Jactel, Hervé, Järveoja, Järvi, Jastrzębowski, Szymon, Jentsch, Anke, Jiménez, Juan J., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Jucker, Tommaso, Jump, Alistair S., Juszczak, Radoslaw, Kanka, Róbert, Kašpar, Vít, Kazakis, George, Kelly, Julia, Khuroo, Anzar A., Klemedtsson, Leif, Klisz, Marcin, Kljun, Natascha, Knohl, Alexander, Kobler, Johannes, Kollár, Jozef, Kotowska, Martyna M., Kovács, Bence, Kreyling, Juergen, Lamprecht, Andrea, Lang, Simone I., Larson, Christian, Larson, Keith, Laska, Kamil, le Maire, Guerric, Leihy, Rachel I., Lens, Luc, Liljebladh, Bengt, Lohila, Annalea, Lorite, Juan, Loubet, Benjamin, Lynn, Joshua, Macek, Martin, Mackenzie, Roy, Magliulo, Enzo, Maier, Regine, Malfasi, Francesco, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Manca, Giovanni, Manco, Antonio, Manise, Tanguy, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Marciniak, Felipe, Matula, Radim, Clara Mazzolari, Ana, Medinets, Sergiy, Medinets, Volodymyr, Meeussen, Camille, Merinero, Sonia, de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, Rita, Meusburger, Katrin, Meysman, Filip J.R., Michaletz, Sean T., Milbau, Ann, Moiseev, Dmitry, Moiseev, Pavel, Mondoni, Andrea, Monfries, Ruth, Montagnani, Leonardo, Moriana‐Armendariz, Mikel, Morra di Cella, Umberto, Mörsdorf, Martin, Mosedale, Jonathan R., Muffler, Lena, Muñoz‐Rojas, Miriam, Myers, Jonathan A., Myers‐Smith, Isla H., Nagy, Laszlo, Nardino, Marianna, Naujokaitis‐Lewis, Ilona, Newling, Emily, Nicklas, Lena, Niedrist, Georg, Niessner, Armin, Nilsson, Mats B., Normand, Signe, Nosetto, Marcelo D., Nouvellon, Yann, Nuñez, Martin A., Ogaya, Romà, Ogée, Jérôme, Okello, Joseph, Olejnik, Janusz, Eivind Olesen, Jørgen, Opedal, Øystein, Orsenigo, Simone, Palaj, Andrej, Pampuch, Timo, Panov, Alexey V., Pärtel, Meelis, Pastor, Ada, Pauchard, Aníbal, Pauli, Harald, Pavelka, Marian, Pearse, William D., Peichl, Matthias, Pellissier, Loïc, Penczykowski, Rachel M., Penuelas, Josep, Petit Bon, Matteo, Petraglia, Alessandro, Phartyal, Shyam S., Phoenix, Gareth K., Pio, Casimiro, Pitacco, Andrea, Pitteloud, Camille, Plichta, Roman, Porro, Francesco, Portillo‐Estrada, Miguel, Poulenard, Jérôme, Poyatos, Rafael, Prokushkin, Anatoly S., Puchalka, Radoslaw, Pușcaș, Mihai, Radujković, Dajana, Randall, Krystal, Ratier Backes, Amanda, Remmele, Sabine, Remmers, Wolfram, Renault, David, Risch, Anita C., Rixen, Christian, Robinson, Sharon A., Robroek, Bjorn J.M., Rocha, Adrian V., Rossi, Christian, Rossi, Graziano, Roupsard, Olivier, Rubtsov, Alexey V., Saccone, Patrick, Sagot, Clotilde, Sallo Bravo, Jhonatan, Santos, Cinthya C., Sarneel, Judith M., Scharnweber, Tobias, Schmeddes, Jonas, Schmidt, Marius, Scholten, Thomas, Schuchardt, Max, Schwartz, Naomi, Scott, Tony, Seeber, Julia, Cristina Segalin de Andrade, Ana, Seipel, Tim, Semenchuk, Philipp, Senior, Rebecca A., Serra‐Diaz, Josep M., Sewerniak, Piotr, Shekhar, Ankit, Sidenko, Nikita V., Siebicke, Lukas, Siegwart Collier, Laura, Simpson, Elizabeth, Siqueira, David P., Sitková, Zuzana, Six, Johan, Smiljanic, Marko, Smith, Stuart W., Smith‐Tripp, Sarah, Somers, Ben, Vedel Sørensen, Mia, João L. L. Souza, José, Israel Souza, Bartolomeu, Souza Dias, Arildo, Spasojevic, Marko J., Speed, James D.M., Spicher, Fabien, Stanisci, Angela, Steinbauer, Klaus, Steinbrecher, Rainer, Steinwandter, Michael, Stemkovski, Michael, Stephan, Jörg G., Stiegler, Christian, Stoll, Stefan, Svátek, Martin, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tagesson, Torbern, Tanentzap, Andrew J., Tanneberger, Franziska, Theurillat, Jean‐Paul, Thomas, Haydn J.D., Thomas, Andrew D., Tielbörger, Katja, Tomaselli, Marcello, Albert Treier, Urs, Trouillier, Mario, Dan Turtureanu, Pavel, Tutton, Rosamond, Tyystjärvi, Vilna A., Ueyama, Masahito, Ujházy, Karol, Ujházyová, Mariana, Uogintas, Domas, Urban, Anastasiya V., Urban, Josef, Urbaniak, Marek, Ursu, Tudor‐Mihai, Primo Vaccari, Francesco, Van de Vondel, Stijn, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Van Geel, Maarten, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Varlagin, Andrej, Veen, G.F., Veenendaal, Elmar, Venn, Susanna E., Verbeeck, Hans, Verbrugggen, Erik, Verheijen, Frank G.A., Villar, Luis, Vitale, Luca, Vittoz, Pascal, Vives‐Ingla, Maria, von Oppen, Jonathan, Walz, Josefine, Wang, Runxi, Wang, Yifeng, Way, Robert G., Wedegärtner, Ronja E.M., Weigel, Robert, Wild, Jan, Wilkinson, Matthew, Wilmking, Martin, Wingate, Lisa, Winkler, Manuela, Wipf, Sonja, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Xenakis, Georgios, Yang, Yan, Yu, Zicheng, Yu, Kailiang, Zellweger, Florian, Zhang, Jian, Zhang, Zhaochen, Zhao, Peng, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Zimmermann, Reiner, Zong, Shengwei, Zyryanov, Viacheslav I., Nijs, Ivan, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lembrechts, Jonas J., van den Hoogen, Johan, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B., De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Kopecký, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya M. D., Crowther, Thomas W., Bailey, Joseph J., Haesen, Stef, Klinges, David H., Niittynen, Pekka, Scheffers, Brett R., Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Aartsma, Peter, Abdalaze, Otar, Abedi, Mehdi, Aerts, Rien, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahrends, Antje, Alatalo, Juha M., Alexander, Jake M., Nina Allonsius, Camille, Altman, Jan, Ammann, Christof, Andres, Christian, Andrews, Christopher, Ardö, Jonas, Arriga, Nicola, Arzac, Alberto, Aschero, Valeria, Assis, Rafael L., Johann Assmann, Jakob, Bader, Maaike Y., Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Barančok, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C., Barros, Agustina, Barthel, Matti, Basham, Edmund W., Bauters, Marijn, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Belelli Marchesini, Luca, Bell, Michael C., Benavides, Juan C., Luis Benito Alonso, José, Berauer, Bernd J., Bjerke, Jarle W., Björk, Robert G., Björkman, Mats P., Björnsdóttir, Katrin, Blonder, Benjamin, Boeckx, Pascal, Boike, Julia, Bokhorst, Stef, Brum, Bárbara N.S., Brůna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Buysse, Pauline, Luís Camargo, José, Campoe, Otávio C., Candan, Onur, Canessa, Rafaella, Cannone, Nicoletta, Carbognani, Michele, Carnicer, Jofre, Casanova‐Katny, Angélica, Cesarz, Simone, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Choler, Philippe, Chown, Steven L., Cifuentes, Edgar F., Čiliak, Marek, Contador, Tamara, Convey, Peter, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cremonese, Edoardo, Curasi, Salvatore R., Curtis, Robin, Cutini, Maurizio, Johan Dahlberg, C., Daskalova, Gergana N., Angel de Pablo, Miguel, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Dengler, Jürgen, Deronde, Bart, Descombes, Patrice, Di Cecco, Valter, Di Musciano, Michele, Dick, Jan, Dimarco, Romina D., Dolezal, Jiri, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Dušek, Jiří, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eklundh, Lars, Erickson, Todd E., Erschbamer, Brigitta, Eugster, Werner, Ewers, Robert M., Exton, Dan A., Fanin, Nicolas, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Feigenwinter, Iris, Fenu, Giuseppe, Ferlian, Olga, Rosa Fernández Calzado, M., Fernández‐Pascual, Eduardo, Finckh, Manfred, Finger Higgens, Rebecca, Forte, T'ai G.W., Freeman, Erika C., Frei, Esther R., Fuentes‐Lillo, Eduardo, García, Rafael A., García, María B., Géron, Charly, Gharun, Mana, Ghosn, Dany, Gigauri, Khatuna, Gobin, Anne, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Gottschall, Felix, Goulding, Keith, Govaert, Sanne, Jessen Graae, Bente, Greenwood, Sarah, Greiser, Caroline, Grelle, Achim, Guénard, Benoit, Guglielmin, Mauro, Guillemot, Joannès, Haase, Peter, Haider, Sylvia, Halbritter, Aud H., Hamid, Maroof, Hammerle, Albin, Hampe, Arndt, Haugum, Siri V., Hederová, Lucia, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfter, Carole, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Herberich, Maximiliane, Herbst, Mathias, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S., Hoffrén, Raúl, Homeier, Jürgen, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Høye, Toke T., Hrbacek, Filip, Hylander, Kristoffer, Iwata, Hiroki, Antoni Jackowicz‐Korczynski, Marcin, Jactel, Hervé, Järveoja, Järvi, Jastrzębowski, Szymon, Jentsch, Anke, Jiménez, Juan J., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Jucker, Tommaso, Jump, Alistair S., Juszczak, Radoslaw, Kanka, Róbert, Kašpar, Vít, Kazakis, George, Kelly, Julia, Khuroo, Anzar A., Klemedtsson, Leif, Klisz, Marcin, Kljun, Natascha, Knohl, Alexander, Kobler, Johannes, Kollár, Jozef, Kotowska, Martyna M., Kovács, Bence, Kreyling, Juergen, Lamprecht, Andrea, Lang, Simone I., Larson, Christian, Larson, Keith, Laska, Kamil, le Maire, Guerric, Leihy, Rachel I., Lens, Luc, Liljebladh, Bengt, Lohila, Annalea, Lorite, Juan, Loubet, Benjamin, Lynn, Joshua, Macek, Martin, Mackenzie, Roy, Magliulo, Enzo, Maier, Regine, Malfasi, Francesco, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Manca, Giovanni, Manco, Antonio, Manise, Tanguy, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Marciniak, Felipe, Matula, Radim, Clara Mazzolari, Ana, Medinets, Sergiy, Medinets, Volodymyr, Meeussen, Camille, Merinero, Sonia, de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, Rita, Meusburger, Katrin, Meysman, Filip J.R., Michaletz, Sean T., Milbau, Ann, Moiseev, Dmitry, Moiseev, Pavel, Mondoni, Andrea, Monfries, Ruth, Montagnani, Leonardo, Moriana‐Armendariz, Mikel, Morra di Cella, Umberto, Mörsdorf, Martin, Mosedale, Jonathan R., Muffler, Lena, Muñoz‐Rojas, Miriam, Myers, Jonathan A., Myers‐Smith, Isla H., Nagy, Laszlo, Nardino, Marianna, Naujokaitis‐Lewis, Ilona, Newling, Emily, Nicklas, Lena, Niedrist, Georg, Niessner, Armin, Nilsson, Mats B., Normand, Signe, Nosetto, Marcelo D., Nouvellon, Yann, Nuñez, Martin A., Ogaya, Romà, Ogée, Jérôme, Okello, Joseph, Olejnik, Janusz, Eivind Olesen, Jørgen, Opedal, Øystein, Orsenigo, Simone, Palaj, Andrej, Pampuch, Timo, Panov, Alexey V., Pärtel, Meelis, Pastor, Ada, Pauchard, Aníbal, Pauli, Harald, Pavelka, Marian, Pearse, William D., Peichl, Matthias, Pellissier, Loïc, Penczykowski, Rachel M., Penuelas, Josep, Petit Bon, Matteo, Petraglia, Alessandro, Phartyal, Shyam S., Phoenix, Gareth K., Pio, Casimiro, Pitacco, Andrea, Pitteloud, Camille, Plichta, Roman, Porro, Francesco, Portillo‐Estrada, Miguel, Poulenard, Jérôme, Poyatos, Rafael, Prokushkin, Anatoly S., Puchalka, Radoslaw, Pușcaș, Mihai, Radujković, Dajana, Randall, Krystal, Ratier Backes, Amanda, Remmele, Sabine, Remmers, Wolfram, Renault, David, Risch, Anita C., Rixen, Christian, Robinson, Sharon A., Robroek, Bjorn J.M., Rocha, Adrian V., Rossi, Christian, Rossi, Graziano, Roupsard, Olivier, Rubtsov, Alexey V., Saccone, Patrick, Sagot, Clotilde, Sallo Bravo, Jhonatan, Santos, Cinthya C., Sarneel, Judith M., Scharnweber, Tobias, Schmeddes, Jonas, Schmidt, Marius, Scholten, Thomas, Schuchardt, Max, Schwartz, Naomi, Scott, Tony, Seeber, Julia, Cristina Segalin de Andrade, Ana, Seipel, Tim, Semenchuk, Philipp, Senior, Rebecca A., Serra‐Diaz, Josep M., Sewerniak, Piotr, Shekhar, Ankit, Sidenko, Nikita V., Siebicke, Lukas, Siegwart Collier, Laura, Simpson, Elizabeth, Siqueira, David P., Sitková, Zuzana, Six, Johan, Smiljanic, Marko, Smith, Stuart W., Smith‐Tripp, Sarah, Somers, Ben, Vedel Sørensen, Mia, João L. L. Souza, José, Israel Souza, Bartolomeu, Souza Dias, Arildo, Spasojevic, Marko J., Speed, James D.M., Spicher, Fabien, Stanisci, Angela, Steinbauer, Klaus, Steinbrecher, Rainer, Steinwandter, Michael, Stemkovski, Michael, Stephan, Jörg G., Stiegler, Christian, Stoll, Stefan, Svátek, Martin, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tagesson, Torbern, Tanentzap, Andrew J., Tanneberger, Franziska, Theurillat, Jean‐Paul, Thomas, Haydn J.D., Thomas, Andrew D., Tielbörger, Katja, Tomaselli, Marcello, Albert Treier, Urs, Trouillier, Mario, Dan Turtureanu, Pavel, Tutton, Rosamond, Tyystjärvi, Vilna A., Ueyama, Masahito, Ujházy, Karol, Ujházyová, Mariana, Uogintas, Domas, Urban, Anastasiya V., Urban, Josef, Urbaniak, Marek, Ursu, Tudor‐Mihai, Primo Vaccari, Francesco, Van de Vondel, Stijn, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Van Geel, Maarten, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Varlagin, Andrej, Veen, G.F., Veenendaal, Elmar, Venn, Susanna E., Verbeeck, Hans, Verbrugggen, Erik, Verheijen, Frank G.A., Villar, Luis, Vitale, Luca, Vittoz, Pascal, Vives‐Ingla, Maria, von Oppen, Jonathan, Walz, Josefine, Wang, Runxi, Wang, Yifeng, Way, Robert G., Wedegärtner, Ronja E.M., Weigel, Robert, Wild, Jan, Wilkinson, Matthew, Wilmking, Martin, Wingate, Lisa, Winkler, Manuela, Wipf, Sonja, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Xenakis, Georgios, Yang, Yan, Yu, Zicheng, Yu, Kailiang, Zellweger, Florian, Zhang, Jian, Zhang, Zhaochen, Zhao, Peng, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Zimmermann, Reiner, Zong, Shengwei, Zyryanov, Viacheslav I., Nijs, Ivan, and Lenoir, Jonathan
Abstract: Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km² resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e., offset) between in-situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km² pixels (summarized from 8500 unique temperature sensors) across all the world’s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in-situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.
Published: 2022

43. Global maps of soil temperature

Author: Lembrechts, Jonas J, van den Hoogen, Johan, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B, De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Kopecký, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya M D, Crowther, Thomas W, Bailey, Joseph J, Haesen, Stef, Klinges, David H, Niittynen, Pekka, Scheffers, Brett R, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Aartsma, Peter, Abdalaze, Otar, Abedi, Mehdi, Aerts, Rien, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahrends, Antje, Alatalo, Juha M, Alexander, Jake M, Nina Allonsius, Camille, Altman, Jan, Ammann, Christof, Andres, Christian, Andrews, Christopher, Ardö, Jonas, Arriga, Nicola, Arzac, Alberto, Aschero, Valeria, Assis, Rafael L, Johann Assmann, Jakob, Bader, Maaike Y, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Barančok, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C, Barros, Agustina, Barthel, Matti, Basham, Edmund W, Bauters, Marijn, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Belelli Marchesini, Luca, Bell, Michael C, Benavides, Juan C, Luis Benito Alonso, José, Berauer, Bernd J, Bjerke, Jarle W, Björk, Robert G, Björkman, Mats P, Björnsdóttir, Katrin, Blonder, Benjamin, Boeckx, Pascal, Boike, Julia, Bokhorst, Stef, Brum, Bárbara N S, Brůna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Buysse, Pauline, Luís Camargo, José, Campoe, Otávio C, Candan, Onur, Canessa, Rafaella, Cannone, Nicoletta, Carbognani, Michele, Carnicer, Jofre, Casanova-Katny, Angélica, Cesarz, Simone, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Choler, Philippe, Chown, Steven L, Cifuentes, Edgar F, Čiliak, Marek, Contador, Tamara, Convey, Peter, Cooper, Elisabeth J, Cremonese, Edoardo, Curasi, Salvatore R, Curtis, Robin, Cutini, Maurizio, Johan Dahlberg, C, Daskalova, Gergana N, Angel de Pablo, Miguel, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Dengler, Jürgen, Deronde, Bart, Descombes, Patrice, Di Cecco, Valter, Di Musciano, Michele, Dick, Jan, Dimarco, Romina D, Dolezal, Jiri, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Dušek, Jiří, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eklundh, Lars, Erickson, Todd E, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Eugster, Werner, Ewers, Robert M, Exton, Dan A, Fanin, Nicolas, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Feigenwinter, Iris, Fenu, Giuseppe, Ferlian, Olga, Rosa Fernández Calzado, M, Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo, Finckh, Manfred, Finger Higgens, Rebecca, Forte, T'ai G W, Freeman, Erika C, Frei, Esther R, Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo, García, Rafael A, García, María B, Géron, Charly, Gharun, Mana, Ghosn, Dany, Gigauri, Khatuna, Gobin, Anne, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Gottschall, Felix, Goulding, Keith, Govaert, Sanne, Jessen Graae, Bente, Greenwood, Sarah, Greiser, Caroline, Grelle, Achim, Guénard, Benoit, Guglielmin, Mauro, Guillemot, Joannès, Haase, Peter, Haider, Sylvia, Halbritter, Aud H, Hamid, Maroof, Hammerle, Albin, Hampe, Arndt, Haugum, Siri V, Hederová, Lucia, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfter, Carole, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Herberich, Maximiliane, Herbst, Mathias, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S, Hoffrén, Raúl, Homeier, Jürgen, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Høye, Toke T, Hrbacek, Filip, Hylander, Kristoffer, Iwata, Hiroki, Antoni Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin, Jactel, Hervé, Järveoja, Järvi, Jastrzębowski, Szymon, Jentsch, Anke, Jiménez, Juan J, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Jucker, Tommaso, Jump, Alistair S, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Kanka, Róbert, Kašpar, Vít, Kazakis, George, Kelly, Julia, Khuroo, Anzar A, Klemedtsson, Leif, Klisz, Marcin, Kljun, Natascha, Knohl, Alexander, Kobler, Johannes, Kollár, Jozef, Kotowska, Martyna M, Kovács, Bence, Kreyling, Juergen, Lamprecht, Andrea, Lang, Simone I, Larson, Christian, Larson, Keith, Laska, Kamil, le Maire, Guerric, Leihy, Rachel I, Lens, Luc, Liljebladh, Bengt, Lohila, Annalea, Lorite, Juan, Loubet, Benjamin, Lynn, Joshua, Macek, Martin, Mackenzie, Roy, Magliulo, Enzo, Maier, Regine, Malfasi, Francesco, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Manca, Giovanni, Manco, Antonio, Manise, Tanguy, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Marciniak, Felipe, Matula, Radim, Clara Mazzolari, Ana, Medinets, Sergiy, Medinets, Volodymyr, Meeussen, Camille, Merinero, Sonia, de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, Rita, Meusburger, Katrin, Meysman, Filip J R, Michaletz, Sean T, Milbau, Ann, Moiseev, Dmitry, Moiseev, Pavel, Mondoni, Andrea, Monfries, Ruth, Montagnani, Leonardo, Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel, Morra di Cella, Umberto, Mörsdorf, Martin, Mosedale, Jonathan R, Muffler, Lena, Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam, Myers, Jonathan A, Myers-Smith, Isla H, Nagy, Laszlo, Nardino, Marianna, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Newling, Emily, Nicklas, Lena, Niedrist, Georg, Niessner, Armin, Nilsson, Mats B, Normand, Signe, Nosetto, Marcelo D, Nouvellon, Yann, Nuñez, Martin A, Ogaya, Romà, Ogée, Jérôme, Okello, Joseph, Olejnik, Janusz, Eivind Olesen, Jørgen, Opedal, Øystein, Orsenigo, Simone, Palaj, Andrej, Pampuch, Timo, Panov, Alexey V, Pärtel, Meelis, Pastor, Ada, Pauchard, Aníbal, Pauli, Harald, Pavelka, Marian, Pearse, William D, Peichl, Matthias, Pellissier, Loïc, Penczykowski, Rachel M, Penuelas, Josep, Petit Bon, Matteo, Petraglia, Alessandro, Phartyal, Shyam S, Phoenix, Gareth K, Pio, Casimiro, Pitacco, Andrea, Pitteloud, Camille, Plichta, Roman, Porro, Francesco, Portillo-Estrada, Miguel, Poulenard, Jérôme, Poyatos, Rafael, Prokushkin, Anatoly S, Puchalka, Radoslaw, Pușcaș, Mihai, Radujković, Dajana, Randall, Krystal, Ratier Backes, Amanda, Remmele, Sabine, Remmers, Wolfram, Renault, David, Risch, Anita C, Rixen, Christian, Robinson, Sharon A, Robroek, Bjorn J M, Rocha, Adrian V, Rossi, Christian, Rossi, Graziano, Roupsard, Olivier, Rubtsov, Alexey V, Saccone, Patrick, Sagot, Clotilde, Sallo Bravo, Jhonatan, Santos, Cinthya C, Sarneel, Judith M, Scharnweber, Tobias, Schmeddes, Jonas, Schmidt, Marius, Scholten, Thomas, Schuchardt, Max, Schwartz, Naomi, Scott, Tony, Seeber, Julia, Cristina Segalin de Andrade, Ana, Seipel, Tim, Semenchuk, Philipp, Senior, Rebecca A, Serra-Diaz, Josep M, Sewerniak, Piotr, Shekhar, Ankit, Sidenko, Nikita V, Siebicke, Lukas, Siegwart Collier, Laura, Simpson, Elizabeth, Siqueira, David P, Sitková, Zuzana, Six, Johan, Smiljanic, Marko, Smith, Stuart W, Smith-Tripp, Sarah, Somers, Ben, Vedel Sørensen, Mia, João L L Souza, José, Israel Souza, Bartolomeu, Souza Dias, Arildo, Spasojevic, Marko J, Speed, James D M, Spicher, Fabien, Stanisci, Angela, Steinbauer, Klaus, Steinbrecher, Rainer, Steinwandter, Michael, Stemkovski, Michael, Stephan, Jörg G, Stiegler, Christian, Stoll, Stefan, Svátek, Martin, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tagesson, Torbern, Tanentzap, Andrew J, Tanneberger, Franziska, Theurillat, Jean-Paul, Thomas, Haydn J D, Thomas, Andrew D, Tielbörger, Katja, Tomaselli, Marcello, Albert Treier, Urs, Trouillier, Mario, Dan Turtureanu, Pavel, Tutton, Rosamond, Tyystjärvi, Vilna A, Ueyama, Masahito, Ujházy, Karol, Ujházyová, Mariana, Uogintas, Domas, Urban, Anastasiya V, Urban, Josef, Urbaniak, Marek, Ursu, Tudor-Mihai, Primo Vaccari, Francesco, Van de Vondel, Stijn, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Van Geel, Maarten, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Varlagin, Andrej, Veen, G F, Veenendaal, Elmar, Venn, Susanna E, Verbeeck, Hans, Verbrugggen, Erik, Verheijen, Frank G A, Villar, Luis, Vitale, Luca, Vittoz, Pascal, Vives-Ingla, Maria, von Oppen, Jonathan, Walz, Josefine, Wang, Runxi, Wang, Yifeng, Way, Robert G, Wedegärtner, Ronja E M, Weigel, Robert, Wild, Jan, Wilkinson, Matthew, Wilmking, Martin, Wingate, Lisa, Winkler, Manuela, Wipf, Sonja, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Xenakis, Georgios, Yang, Yan, Yu, Zicheng, Yu, Kailiang, Zellweger, Florian, Zhang, Jian, Zhang, Zhaochen, Zhao, Peng, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Zimmermann, Reiner, Zong, Shengwei, Zyryanov, Viacheslav I, Nijs, Ivan, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lembrechts, Jonas J, van den Hoogen, Johan, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B, De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Kopecký, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya M D, Crowther, Thomas W, Bailey, Joseph J, Haesen, Stef, Klinges, David H, Niittynen, Pekka, Scheffers, Brett R, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Aartsma, Peter, Abdalaze, Otar, Abedi, Mehdi, Aerts, Rien, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahrends, Antje, Alatalo, Juha M, Alexander, Jake M, Nina Allonsius, Camille, Altman, Jan, Ammann, Christof, Andres, Christian, Andrews, Christopher, Ardö, Jonas, Arriga, Nicola, Arzac, Alberto, Aschero, Valeria, Assis, Rafael L, Johann Assmann, Jakob, Bader, Maaike Y, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Barančok, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C, Barros, Agustina, Barthel, Matti, Basham, Edmund W, Bauters, Marijn, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Belelli Marchesini, Luca, Bell, Michael C, Benavides, Juan C, Luis Benito Alonso, José, Berauer, Bernd J, Bjerke, Jarle W, Björk, Robert G, Björkman, Mats P, Björnsdóttir, Katrin, Blonder, Benjamin, Boeckx, Pascal, Boike, Julia, Bokhorst, Stef, Brum, Bárbara N S, Brůna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Buysse, Pauline, Luís Camargo, José, Campoe, Otávio C, Candan, Onur, Canessa, Rafaella, Cannone, Nicoletta, Carbognani, Michele, Carnicer, Jofre, Casanova-Katny, Angélica, Cesarz, Simone, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Choler, Philippe, Chown, Steven L, Cifuentes, Edgar F, Čiliak, Marek, Contador, Tamara, Convey, Peter, Cooper, Elisabeth J, Cremonese, Edoardo, Curasi, Salvatore R, Curtis, Robin, Cutini, Maurizio, Johan Dahlberg, C, Daskalova, Gergana N, Angel de Pablo, Miguel, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Dengler, Jürgen, Deronde, Bart, Descombes, Patrice, Di Cecco, Valter, Di Musciano, Michele, Dick, Jan, Dimarco, Romina D, Dolezal, Jiri, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Dušek, Jiří, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eklundh, Lars, Erickson, Todd E, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Eugster, Werner, Ewers, Robert M, Exton, Dan A, Fanin, Nicolas, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Feigenwinter, Iris, Fenu, Giuseppe, Ferlian, Olga, Rosa Fernández Calzado, M, Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo, Finckh, Manfred, Finger Higgens, Rebecca, Forte, T'ai G W, Freeman, Erika C, Frei, Esther R, Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo, García, Rafael A, García, María B, Géron, Charly, Gharun, Mana, Ghosn, Dany, Gigauri, Khatuna, Gobin, Anne, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Gottschall, Felix, Goulding, Keith, Govaert, Sanne, Jessen Graae, Bente, Greenwood, Sarah, Greiser, Caroline, Grelle, Achim, Guénard, Benoit, Guglielmin, Mauro, Guillemot, Joannès, Haase, Peter, Haider, Sylvia, Halbritter, Aud H, Hamid, Maroof, Hammerle, Albin, Hampe, Arndt, Haugum, Siri V, Hederová, Lucia, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfter, Carole, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Herberich, Maximiliane, Herbst, Mathias, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S, Hoffrén, Raúl, Homeier, Jürgen, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Høye, Toke T, Hrbacek, Filip, Hylander, Kristoffer, Iwata, Hiroki, Antoni Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin, Jactel, Hervé, Järveoja, Järvi, Jastrzębowski, Szymon, Jentsch, Anke, Jiménez, Juan J, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Jucker, Tommaso, Jump, Alistair S, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Kanka, Róbert, Kašpar, Vít, Kazakis, George, Kelly, Julia, Khuroo, Anzar A, Klemedtsson, Leif, Klisz, Marcin, Kljun, Natascha, Knohl, Alexander, Kobler, Johannes, Kollár, Jozef, Kotowska, Martyna M, Kovács, Bence, Kreyling, Juergen, Lamprecht, Andrea, Lang, Simone I, Larson, Christian, Larson, Keith, Laska, Kamil, le Maire, Guerric, Leihy, Rachel I, Lens, Luc, Liljebladh, Bengt, Lohila, Annalea, Lorite, Juan, Loubet, Benjamin, Lynn, Joshua, Macek, Martin, Mackenzie, Roy, Magliulo, Enzo, Maier, Regine, Malfasi, Francesco, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Manca, Giovanni, Manco, Antonio, Manise, Tanguy, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Marciniak, Felipe, Matula, Radim, Clara Mazzolari, Ana, Medinets, Sergiy, Medinets, Volodymyr, Meeussen, Camille, Merinero, Sonia, de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, Rita, Meusburger, Katrin, Meysman, Filip J R, Michaletz, Sean T, Milbau, Ann, Moiseev, Dmitry, Moiseev, Pavel, Mondoni, Andrea, Monfries, Ruth, Montagnani, Leonardo, Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel, Morra di Cella, Umberto, Mörsdorf, Martin, Mosedale, Jonathan R, Muffler, Lena, Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam, Myers, Jonathan A, Myers-Smith, Isla H, Nagy, Laszlo, Nardino, Marianna, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Newling, Emily, Nicklas, Lena, Niedrist, Georg, Niessner, Armin, Nilsson, Mats B, Normand, Signe, Nosetto, Marcelo D, Nouvellon, Yann, Nuñez, Martin A, Ogaya, Romà, Ogée, Jérôme, Okello, Joseph, Olejnik, Janusz, Eivind Olesen, Jørgen, Opedal, Øystein, Orsenigo, Simone, Palaj, Andrej, Pampuch, Timo, Panov, Alexey V, Pärtel, Meelis, Pastor, Ada, Pauchard, Aníbal, Pauli, Harald, Pavelka, Marian, Pearse, William D, Peichl, Matthias, Pellissier, Loïc, Penczykowski, Rachel M, Penuelas, Josep, Petit Bon, Matteo, Petraglia, Alessandro, Phartyal, Shyam S, Phoenix, Gareth K, Pio, Casimiro, Pitacco, Andrea, Pitteloud, Camille, Plichta, Roman, Porro, Francesco, Portillo-Estrada, Miguel, Poulenard, Jérôme, Poyatos, Rafael, Prokushkin, Anatoly S, Puchalka, Radoslaw, Pușcaș, Mihai, Radujković, Dajana, Randall, Krystal, Ratier Backes, Amanda, Remmele, Sabine, Remmers, Wolfram, Renault, David, Risch, Anita C, Rixen, Christian, Robinson, Sharon A, Robroek, Bjorn J M, Rocha, Adrian V, Rossi, Christian, Rossi, Graziano, Roupsard, Olivier, Rubtsov, Alexey V, Saccone, Patrick, Sagot, Clotilde, Sallo Bravo, Jhonatan, Santos, Cinthya C, Sarneel, Judith M, Scharnweber, Tobias, Schmeddes, Jonas, Schmidt, Marius, Scholten, Thomas, Schuchardt, Max, Schwartz, Naomi, Scott, Tony, Seeber, Julia, Cristina Segalin de Andrade, Ana, Seipel, Tim, Semenchuk, Philipp, Senior, Rebecca A, Serra-Diaz, Josep M, Sewerniak, Piotr, Shekhar, Ankit, Sidenko, Nikita V, Siebicke, Lukas, Siegwart Collier, Laura, Simpson, Elizabeth, Siqueira, David P, Sitková, Zuzana, Six, Johan, Smiljanic, Marko, Smith, Stuart W, Smith-Tripp, Sarah, Somers, Ben, Vedel Sørensen, Mia, João L L Souza, José, Israel Souza, Bartolomeu, Souza Dias, Arildo, Spasojevic, Marko J, Speed, James D M, Spicher, Fabien, Stanisci, Angela, Steinbauer, Klaus, Steinbrecher, Rainer, Steinwandter, Michael, Stemkovski, Michael, Stephan, Jörg G, Stiegler, Christian, Stoll, Stefan, Svátek, Martin, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tagesson, Torbern, Tanentzap, Andrew J, Tanneberger, Franziska, Theurillat, Jean-Paul, Thomas, Haydn J D, Thomas, Andrew D, Tielbörger, Katja, Tomaselli, Marcello, Albert Treier, Urs, Trouillier, Mario, Dan Turtureanu, Pavel, Tutton, Rosamond, Tyystjärvi, Vilna A, Ueyama, Masahito, Ujházy, Karol, Ujházyová, Mariana, Uogintas, Domas, Urban, Anastasiya V, Urban, Josef, Urbaniak, Marek, Ursu, Tudor-Mihai, Primo Vaccari, Francesco, Van de Vondel, Stijn, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Van Geel, Maarten, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Varlagin, Andrej, Veen, G F, Veenendaal, Elmar, Venn, Susanna E, Verbeeck, Hans, Verbrugggen, Erik, Verheijen, Frank G A, Villar, Luis, Vitale, Luca, Vittoz, Pascal, Vives-Ingla, Maria, von Oppen, Jonathan, Walz, Josefine, Wang, Runxi, Wang, Yifeng, Way, Robert G, Wedegärtner, Ronja E M, Weigel, Robert, Wild, Jan, Wilkinson, Matthew, Wilmking, Martin, Wingate, Lisa, Winkler, Manuela, Wipf, Sonja, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Xenakis, Georgios, Yang, Yan, Yu, Zicheng, Yu, Kailiang, Zellweger, Florian, Zhang, Jian, Zhang, Zhaochen, Zhao, Peng, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Zimmermann, Reiner, Zong, Shengwei, Zyryanov, Viacheslav I, Nijs, Ivan, and Lenoir, Jonathan
Abstract: Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km² resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e., offset) between in-situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km² pixels (summarized from 8500 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in-situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.
Published: 2022

44. Didaktische Fachlichkeit. Nachdenken über Scholarship of Teaching and Learning

Author: Tremp, Peter, Eugster, Balthasar, Fahr, Uwe (Herausgeber/in), Kenner, Alessandra (Herausgeber/in), Angenent, Holger (Herausgeber/in), Eßer-Lüghausen, Alexandra (Herausgeber/in), Tremp, Peter, Eugster, Balthasar, Fahr, Uwe (Herausgeber/in), Kenner, Alessandra (Herausgeber/in), Angenent, Holger (Herausgeber/in), and Eßer-Lüghausen, Alexandra (Herausgeber/in)
Abstract: Das Konzept Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) steht in engem Bezug zur traditionellen Frage nach dem Zusammenhang von Forschung und Lehre: Was heißt forschend tätig sein, was heißt lehrend tätig sein, wo zeigen sich Verbindungslinien? Der Beitrag nähert sich diesen Fragen und damit den unterschiedlichen Ausformungen des Konzepts SoTL aus mehreren Richtungen. Erörtert wird die Doppeltheit des wissenschaftlichen Handelns, betont werden einige Besonderheiten der Didaktik der Hochschulstufe. Und abschließend fragen wir, ob bereits ältere Texte diesem Konzept SoTL zugeordnet werden dürften., + ID der Publikation: phlu_14675 + Art des Beitrages: Buchkapitel/Beitrag in Sammelband + Seiten: 45 - 57 + Sprache: Deutsch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2022-03-01 10:29:07
Published: 2022

45. Didaktische Fachlichkeit. Nachdenken über Scholarship of Teaching and Learning

Author: Tremp, Peter, Eugster, Balthasar, Fahr, Uwe (Herausgeber/in), Kenner, Alessandra (Herausgeber/in), Angenent, Holger (Herausgeber/in), Eßer-Lüghausen, Alexandra (Herausgeber/in), Tremp, Peter, Eugster, Balthasar, Fahr, Uwe (Herausgeber/in), Kenner, Alessandra (Herausgeber/in), Angenent, Holger (Herausgeber/in), and Eßer-Lüghausen, Alexandra (Herausgeber/in)
Abstract: Das Konzept Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) steht in engem Bezug zur traditionellen Frage nach dem Zusammenhang von Forschung und Lehre: Was heißt forschend tätig sein, was heißt lehrend tätig sein, wo zeigen sich Verbindungslinien? Der Beitrag nähert sich diesen Fragen und damit den unterschiedlichen Ausformungen des Konzepts SoTL aus mehreren Richtungen. Erörtert wird die Doppeltheit des wissenschaftlichen Handelns, betont werden einige Besonderheiten der Didaktik der Hochschulstufe. Und abschließend fragen wir, ob bereits ältere Texte diesem Konzept SoTL zugeordnet werden dürften., + ID der Publikation: phlu_14675 + Art des Beitrages: Buchkapitel/Beitrag in Sammelband + Seiten: 45 - 57 + Sprache: Deutsch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2022-03-01 10:29:07
Published: 2022

46. Nichtmedikamentöse Schmerzlinderung beim Neugeborenen : welche Methoden sind wirksam?

Author: Eugster, Nathalie, Stengele, Zoe, Eugster, Nathalie, and Stengele, Zoe
Abstract: Neugeborene werden nach der Geburt schmerzhaften Interventionen ausgesetzt, die langfristige Folgen haben können. Um Schmerzen bei Neugeborenen zu lindern und mögliche Langzeitfolgen zu minimieren, gibt es diverse nichtmedikamentöse Methoden. Doch welche sind wirksam und können zur Anwendung im Hebammenalltag empfohlen werden? Mithilfe einer Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken «Pubmed» und «CINAHL» konnten fünf randomisierte kontrollierte Studien gefunden werden, die den Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien entsprachen und anschliessend kritisch gewürdigt wurden. Die nichtmedikamentösen Methoden Stillen, Pucken, nicht-nutritives Saugen (NNS), Hautkontakt und Sucrose sind wirksam zur Linderung von Schmerzen während kapillären Blutentnahmen an der Ferse. Die Wirksamkeit von Musiktherapie ist umstritten und scheint von der Art der Musik und dem Gestationsalter beeinflusst zu werden. Für tiefere Fersenstiche ist die Anwendung von NNS oder eine Kombination von NNS und Pucken zusätzlich zur Sucrose wirksamer als Sucrose allein. Aufgrund der Wirksamkeit dieser Methoden kann eine evidenzbasierte Empfehlung zur situationsangepassten Anwendung in der Praxis ausgesprochen werden. Dabei sind Stillen und Hautkontakt besonders zu empfehlen, da sie kostengünstig, umweltschonend, sicher und einfach in der Anwendung sind und einen Einbezug der Eltern zulassen.
Published: 2022

47. Number of growth days and not length of the growth period determines radial stem growth of temperate trees

Author: Etzold, Sophia, Sterck, Frank, Bose, Arun K., Braun, Sabine, Buchmann, Nina, Eugster, Werner, Gessler, Arthur, Kahmen, Ansgar, Peters, Richard L., Vitasse, Yann, Walthert, Lorenz, Zieminska, Kasia, Zweifel, Roman, Etzold, Sophia, Sterck, Frank, Bose, Arun K., Braun, Sabine, Buchmann, Nina, Eugster, Werner, Gessler, Arthur, Kahmen, Ansgar, Peters, Richard L., Vitasse, Yann, Walthert, Lorenz, Zieminska, Kasia, and Zweifel, Roman
Abstract: Radial stem growth dynamics at seasonal resolution are essential to understand how forests respond to climate change. We studied daily radial growth of 160 individuals of seven temperate tree species at 47 sites across Switzerland over 8 years. Growth of all species peaked in the early part of the growth season and commenced shortly before the summer solstice, but with species-specific seasonal patterns. Day length set a window of opportunity for radial growth. Within this window, the probability of daily growth was constrained particularly by air and soil moisture, resulting in intermittent growth to occur only on 29 to 77 days (30% to 80%) within the growth period. The number of days with growth largely determined annual growth, whereas the growth period length contributed less. We call for accounting for these non-linear intra-annual and species-specific growth dynamics in tree and forest models to reduce uncertainties in predictions under climate change.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. Number of growth days and not length of the growth period determines radial stem growth of temperate trees

Author: Etzold, Sophia, Sterck, Frank, Bose, Arun K., Braun, Sabine, Buchmann, Nina, Eugster, Werner, Gessler, Arthur, Kahmen, Ansgar, Peters, Richard L., Vitasse, Yann, Walthert, Lorenz, Zieminska, Kasia, Zweifel, Roman, Etzold, Sophia, Sterck, Frank, Bose, Arun K., Braun, Sabine, Buchmann, Nina, Eugster, Werner, Gessler, Arthur, Kahmen, Ansgar, Peters, Richard L., Vitasse, Yann, Walthert, Lorenz, Zieminska, Kasia, and Zweifel, Roman
Abstract: Radial stem growth dynamics at seasonal resolution are essential to understand how forests respond to climate change. We studied daily radial growth of 160 individuals of seven temperate tree species at 47 sites across Switzerland over 8 years. Growth of all species peaked in the early part of the growth season and commenced shortly before the summer solstice, but with species-specific seasonal patterns. Day length set a window of opportunity for radial growth. Within this window, the probability of daily growth was constrained particularly by air and soil moisture, resulting in intermittent growth to occur only on 29 to 77 days (30% to 80%) within the growth period. The number of days with growth largely determined annual growth, whereas the growth period length contributed less. We call for accounting for these non-linear intra-annual and species-specific growth dynamics in tree and forest models to reduce uncertainties in predictions under climate change.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. Number of growth days and not length of the growth period determines radial stem growth of temperate trees

Author: Etzold, Sophia, Sterck, Frank, Bose, Arun K., Braun, Sabine, Buchmann, Nina, Eugster, Werner, Gessler, Arthur, Kahmen, Ansgar, Peters, Richard L., Vitasse, Yann, Walthert, Lorenz, Zieminska, Kasia, Zweifel, Roman, Etzold, Sophia, Sterck, Frank, Bose, Arun K., Braun, Sabine, Buchmann, Nina, Eugster, Werner, Gessler, Arthur, Kahmen, Ansgar, Peters, Richard L., Vitasse, Yann, Walthert, Lorenz, Zieminska, Kasia, and Zweifel, Roman
Abstract: Radial stem growth dynamics at seasonal resolution are essential to understand how forests respond to climate change. We studied daily radial growth of 160 individuals of seven temperate tree species at 47 sites across Switzerland over 8 years. Growth of all species peaked in the early part of the growth season and commenced shortly before the summer solstice, but with species-specific seasonal patterns. Day length set a window of opportunity for radial growth. Within this window, the probability of daily growth was constrained particularly by air and soil moisture, resulting in intermittent growth to occur only on 29 to 77 days (30% to 80%) within the growth period. The number of days with growth largely determined annual growth, whereas the growth period length contributed less. We call for accounting for these non-linear intra-annual and species-specific growth dynamics in tree and forest models to reduce uncertainties in predictions under climate change.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

50. Non-Standard Errors

Author: Menkveld, A.J., Dreber, A., Holzmeister, F., Huber, J., Johannesson, M., Kirchler, M., Razen, M., Weitzel, G.U., Abad, D., Abudy, M., Adrian, T., Ait-Sahalia, Y., Akmansoy, O., Alcock, J., Alexeev, V., Aloosh, A., Amato, L., Amaya, D., Angel, J., Bach, A., Baidoo, E., Bakalli, G., Barbon, A., Bashchenko, O., Bindra, P.C., Bjonnes, G.H., Black, J., Black, B.S., Bohorquez, S., Bondarenko, O., Bos, C.S., Bosch-Rosa, C., Bouri, E., Brownlees, C.T., Calamia, A., Cao, V.N., Capelle-Blancard, G., Capera, L., Caporin, M., Carrion, A., Caskurlu, T., Chakrabarty, B., Chernov, M., Cheung, W.M., Chincarini, L.B., Chordia, T., Chow, S.C., Clapham, B., Colliard, J.-E., Comerton-Forde, C., Curran, E., Dao, T., Dare, W., Davies, R.J., Blasis, R. De, Nard, G. De, DeClerck, F., Deev, O., Degryse, H., Deku, S., Desagre, C., Dijk, M.A van, Dim, C., Dimpfl, T., Dong, Y., Drummond, P., Dudda, T., Dumitrescu, A., Dyakov, T., Dyhrberg, A.H., Dzieliński, M., Eksi, A., Kalak, I. El, Ellen, S. ter, Eugster, N., Evans, M.D.D., Farrell, M., Félez-Viñas, E., Ferrara, G., Ferrouhi, E.M., Flori, A., Fluharty-Jaidee, J., Foley, S., Fong, K.Y.L., Foucault, T., Franus, T., Franzoni, F.A., Frijns, B., Frömmel, M., Fu, S., Füllbrunn, S.C., Gan, B., Gehrig, T., Gerritsen, D., Gil-Bazo, J., Glosten, L.R., Gomez, T., Gorbenko, A., Güçbilmez, U., Grammig, J., Gregoire, V., Hagströmer, B., Hambuckers, J., Hapnes, E., Harris, J.H., Harris, L., Hartmann, S., Hasse, J.-B., Hautsch, N., He, X., Heath, D., Hediger, S., Hendershott, T., Hibbert, A.M., Hjalmarsson, E., Hoelscher, S.A., Hoffmann, P., Holden, C.W., Horenstein, A.R., Huang, W., Huang, D., Hurlin, C., Ivashchenko, A., Iyer, S.R., Jahanshahloo, H., Jalkh, N., Jones, C.M., Jurkatis, S., Jylha, P., Kaeck, A., Kaiser, G., Karam, A., Karmaziene, E., Kassner, B., Kaustia, M., Kazak, E., Kearney, F., Kervel, V. van, Khan, S., Khomyn, M., Klein, T., Klein, O., Klos, A., Koetter, M., Krahnen, J.P., Kolokolov, A., Korajczyk, R.A., Kozhan, R., Kwan, A., Lajaunie, Q., Lam, F.E.C., Lambert, M., Langlois, H., Lausen, J., Lauter, T., Leippold, M., Levin, V., Li, Y., Li, H., Liew, C.Y., Lindner, T., Linton, O.B., Liu, J., Liu, A., Llorente, G., Lof, M., Lohr, A., Longstaff, F.A., Lopez-Lira, A., Mankad, S., Mano, N., Marchal, A., Martineau, C., Mazzola, F., Meloso, D., Mihet, R., Mohan, V., Moinas, S., Moore, D., Mu, L., Muravyev, D., Murphy, D., Neszveda, G., Neumeier, C., Nielsson, U., Nimalendran, M., Nolte, S., Norden, L.L., O'Neill, P., Obaid, K., Ødegaard, B.A., Östberg, P., Painter, M., Palan, S., Palit, I., Park, A., Pascual, R., Pasquariello, P., Pastor, L., Patel, V., Patton, A.J., Pearson, N.D., Pelizzon, L., Pelster, M., Pérignon, C., Pfiffer, C., Philip, R., Plíhal, T., Prakash, P., Press, O.-A., Prodromou, T., Putniņš, T.J., Raizada, G., Rakowski, D.A., Ranaldo, A., Regis, L., Reitz, S., Renault, T., Renjie, R.W., Renò, R., Riddiough, S., Rinne, K., Rintamäki, P., Riordan, R., Rittmannsberger, T., Rodríguez-Longarela, I., Rösch, D., Rognone, L., Roseman, B., Rosu, I., Roy, S., Rudolf, N., Rush, S., Rzayev, K., Rzeźnik, A., Sanford, A., Sankaran, H., Sarkar, A., Sarno, L., Scaillet, O., Scharnowski, S., Schenk-Hoppé, K.R., Schertler, A., Schneider, M., Schroeder, F., Schürhoff, N., Schuster, P., Schwarz, M.A., Seasholes, M.S., Seeger, N., Shachar, O., Shkilko, A., Shui, J., Sikic, M., Simion, G., Smales, L.A., Söderlind, P., Sojli, E., Sokolov, K., Spokeviciute, L., Stefanova, D., Subrahmanyam, M.G., Neusüss, S., Szaszi, B., Talavera, O., Tang, Y., Taylor, N., Tham, W.W., Theissen, E., Thimme, J., Tonks, I., Tran, H., Trapin, L., Trolle, A.B., Valente, G., Ness, R.A. Van, Vasquez, A., Verousis, T., Verwijmeren, P., Vilhelmsson, A., Vilkov, G., Vladimirov, V., Vogel, S., Voigt, S., Wagner, W., Walther, T., Weiss, P., Wel, M. van der, Werner, I.M., Westerholm, P.J., Westheide, C., Wipplinger, E., Wolf, M., Wolff, C.C.P., Wolk, L., Wong, W.-K., Wrampelmeyer, J., Xia, S., Xiu, D., Xu, K., Xu, C., Yadav, P.K., Yagüe, J., Yan, C., Yang, A., Yoo, W., Yu, W., Yu, S., Yueshen, B.Z., Yuferova, D., Zamojski, M., Zareei, A., Zeisberger, S.M., Zhang, S.S., Zhang, X., Zhong, Z., Zhou, Z.I., Zhou, C., Zhu, X.S., Zoican, M., Zwinkels, R.C.J., Chen, J., Duevski, T., Gao, G., Gemayel, R., Gilder, D. de, Kuhle, P., Pagnotta, E., Pelli, M., Sönksen, J., Zhang, L., Ilczuk, K., Bogoev, D., Qian, Y., Wika, H.C., Yu, Y., Zhao, L., Mi, M., Bao, L., Vaduva, A., Prokopczuk, P., Avetikian, A., Wu, Z.-X., Menkveld, A.J., Dreber, A., Holzmeister, F., Huber, J., Johannesson, M., Kirchler, M., Razen, M., Weitzel, G.U., Abad, D., Abudy, M., Adrian, T., Ait-Sahalia, Y., Akmansoy, O., Alcock, J., Alexeev, V., Aloosh, A., Amato, L., Amaya, D., Angel, J., Bach, A., Baidoo, E., Bakalli, G., Barbon, A., Bashchenko, O., Bindra, P.C., Bjonnes, G.H., Black, J., Black, B.S., Bohorquez, S., Bondarenko, O., Bos, C.S., Bosch-Rosa, C., Bouri, E., Brownlees, C.T., Calamia, A., Cao, V.N., Capelle-Blancard, G., Capera, L., Caporin, M., Carrion, A., Caskurlu, T., Chakrabarty, B., Chernov, M., Cheung, W.M., Chincarini, L.B., Chordia, T., Chow, S.C., Clapham, B., Colliard, J.-E., Comerton-Forde, C., Curran, E., Dao, T., Dare, W., Davies, R.J., Blasis, R. De, Nard, G. De, DeClerck, F., Deev, O., Degryse, H., Deku, S., Desagre, C., Dijk, M.A van, Dim, C., Dimpfl, T., Dong, Y., Drummond, P., Dudda, T., Dumitrescu, A., Dyakov, T., Dyhrberg, A.H., Dzieliński, M., Eksi, A., Kalak, I. El, Ellen, S. ter, Eugster, N., Evans, M.D.D., Farrell, M., Félez-Viñas, E., Ferrara, G., Ferrouhi, E.M., Flori, A., Fluharty-Jaidee, J., Foley, S., Fong, K.Y.L., Foucault, T., Franus, T., Franzoni, F.A., Frijns, B., Frömmel, M., Fu, S., Füllbrunn, S.C., Gan, B., Gehrig, T., Gerritsen, D., Gil-Bazo, J., Glosten, L.R., Gomez, T., Gorbenko, A., Güçbilmez, U., Grammig, J., Gregoire, V., Hagströmer, B., Hambuckers, J., Hapnes, E., Harris, J.H., Harris, L., Hartmann, S., Hasse, J.-B., Hautsch, N., He, X., Heath, D., Hediger, S., Hendershott, T., Hibbert, A.M., Hjalmarsson, E., Hoelscher, S.A., Hoffmann, P., Holden, C.W., Horenstein, A.R., Huang, W., Huang, D., Hurlin, C., Ivashchenko, A., Iyer, S.R., Jahanshahloo, H., Jalkh, N., Jones, C.M., Jurkatis, S., Jylha, P., Kaeck, A., Kaiser, G., Karam, A., Karmaziene, E., Kassner, B., Kaustia, M., Kazak, E., Kearney, F., Kervel, V. van, Khan, S., Khomyn, M., Klein, T., Klein, O., Klos, A., Koetter, M., Krahnen, J.P., Kolokolov, A., Korajczyk, R.A., Kozhan, R., Kwan, A., Lajaunie, Q., Lam, F.E.C., Lambert, M., Langlois, H., Lausen, J., Lauter, T., Leippold, M., Levin, V., Li, Y., Li, H., Liew, C.Y., Lindner, T., Linton, O.B., Liu, J., Liu, A., Llorente, G., Lof, M., Lohr, A., Longstaff, F.A., Lopez-Lira, A., Mankad, S., Mano, N., Marchal, A., Martineau, C., Mazzola, F., Meloso, D., Mihet, R., Mohan, V., Moinas, S., Moore, D., Mu, L., Muravyev, D., Murphy, D., Neszveda, G., Neumeier, C., Nielsson, U., Nimalendran, M., Nolte, S., Norden, L.L., O'Neill, P., Obaid, K., Ødegaard, B.A., Östberg, P., Painter, M., Palan, S., Palit, I., Park, A., Pascual, R., Pasquariello, P., Pastor, L., Patel, V., Patton, A.J., Pearson, N.D., Pelizzon, L., Pelster, M., Pérignon, C., Pfiffer, C., Philip, R., Plíhal, T., Prakash, P., Press, O.-A., Prodromou, T., Putniņš, T.J., Raizada, G., Rakowski, D.A., Ranaldo, A., Regis, L., Reitz, S., Renault, T., Renjie, R.W., Renò, R., Riddiough, S., Rinne, K., Rintamäki, P., Riordan, R., Rittmannsberger, T., Rodríguez-Longarela, I., Rösch, D., Rognone, L., Roseman, B., Rosu, I., Roy, S., Rudolf, N., Rush, S., Rzayev, K., Rzeźnik, A., Sanford, A., Sankaran, H., Sarkar, A., Sarno, L., Scaillet, O., Scharnowski, S., Schenk-Hoppé, K.R., Schertler, A., Schneider, M., Schroeder, F., Schürhoff, N., Schuster, P., Schwarz, M.A., Seasholes, M.S., Seeger, N., Shachar, O., Shkilko, A., Shui, J., Sikic, M., Simion, G., Smales, L.A., Söderlind, P., Sojli, E., Sokolov, K., Spokeviciute, L., Stefanova, D., Subrahmanyam, M.G., Neusüss, S., Szaszi, B., Talavera, O., Tang, Y., Taylor, N., Tham, W.W., Theissen, E., Thimme, J., Tonks, I., Tran, H., Trapin, L., Trolle, A.B., Valente, G., Ness, R.A. Van, Vasquez, A., Verousis, T., Verwijmeren, P., Vilhelmsson, A., Vilkov, G., Vladimirov, V., Vogel, S., Voigt, S., Wagner, W., Walther, T., Weiss, P., Wel, M. van der, Werner, I.M., Westerholm, P.J., Westheide, C., Wipplinger, E., Wolf, M., Wolff, C.C.P., Wolk, L., Wong, W.-K., Wrampelmeyer, J., Xia, S., Xiu, D., Xu, K., Xu, C., Yadav, P.K., Yagüe, J., Yan, C., Yang, A., Yoo, W., Yu, W., Yu, S., Yueshen, B.Z., Yuferova, D., Zamojski, M., Zareei, A., Zeisberger, S.M., Zhang, S.S., Zhang, X., Zhong, Z., Zhou, Z.I., Zhou, C., Zhu, X.S., Zoican, M., Zwinkels, R.C.J., Chen, J., Duevski, T., Gao, G., Gemayel, R., Gilder, D. de, Kuhle, P., Pagnotta, E., Pelli, M., Sönksen, J., Zhang, L., Ilczuk, K., Bogoev, D., Qian, Y., Wika, H.C., Yu, Y., Zhao, L., Mi, M., Bao, L., Vaduva, A., Prokopczuk, P., Avetikian, A., and Wu, Z.-X.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in sample estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty: non-standard errors. To study them, we let 164 teams test six hypotheses on the same sample. We find that non-standard errors are sizeable, on par with standard errors. Their size (i) co-varies only weakly with team merits, reproducibility, or peer rating, (ii) declines significantly after peer-feedback, and (iii) is underestimated by participants.
Published: 2022

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