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In mid-autumn 2002, an exceptional 5-day cold spell affected much of the interior Pacific Northwest, with minimum temperatures averaging 13[degree]C below long-term means (1953-21)112). On 31 October, minimum temperature records occurred at 98 of the 106 recording stations, with records lowered in some locations by 9[degree]C. Calculation of recurrence intervals of minimum temperatures shows that 50[percent][percent] of the stations experienced a >500-yr event. The synoptic conditions responsible were the development of a pronounced high pressure ridge over western Canada and an intense low pressure area centered in the Intermountain West that promoted strong northeasterly winds. The cold spell occurred near the end of the growing season for an ecologically critical and dominant tree species of the interior Pacific Northwest--western juniper--and followed an extended period of severe drought. In spring 2003, it became apparent that the cold had caused high rates of tree mortality and canopy dieback in a species that is remarkable for its longevity and resistance to climatic stress. The cold event altered western juniper dominance in some areas, and this alteration may have long-tern impacts on water budgets, fire intensities and frequencies, animal species interrelationships, and interspecific competition among plant species.

Newspaper clipping of an article titled "Ice Is Nothing New Here" written for the February 17, 1978 issue of the Crisfield Times that relates how the freeze-up of Crisfield Harbor in 1977 was nothing new, as it had occurred before in 1912 and 1936.

Pilot Bill Kimball dressed for a below-zero flight. This image is part of a series detailing the flight training of new Navy pilots at the Wold-Chamberlain naval reserve aviation base. Kimball, a Star Journal reporter, is featured as he completes the regular course of elimination flight training. He is the only civilian granted permission to participate. See P12239-P1255.

Queen Harvey (right) of Alexandria is aided by Stewart (left) and Dolan of Saint Paul after dropping from exhaustion while riding the prize-winning Emporium department store float. She is treated in the Red Cross first aid room.

Klinkhammer (right) helps the circulation in Bunde's legs while the drum majorettes wait for the parade to start.

Ha (left) and O'Neill keep the valves of their instruments from freezing by applying drops of alcohol to the mouthpieces of their horns.