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En aquesta tesi es destaquen els camps de Posidònia oceànica, ja que és una planta autòctona de la mar Mediterrània, la zona d’estudi, i els esculls artificials. La Posidònia oceànica presenta molt bons resultats quant a la protecció de la costa ja que disminueix l’altura de l’onatge. I en el període de tardor se li cauen les fulles i s’acumulen a la costa evitant que els temporals arrosseguin la sorra. Referent als ecosistemes, la Posidònia oceànica serveix per a que els peixos si puguin refugiar. A més, la Posidònia es favorable per la qualitat de l’aigua de la mar perquè és capaç d’absorbir el CO2 i convertir-lo en oxigen, ajudant així a la reducció de gasos hivernacle i prevenint l’acidificació de l’aigua per excés de CO2. En canvi, els esculls són artificials i són creats a partir de materials naturals com petxines de mol·luscs o argiles i estan impresos amb impressores 3D. Els esculls tenen la intenció d’atenuar l’onatge i a la mateixa vegada ser aprofitar per colonitzar-lo amb espècies autòctones de l’entorn per a també incentivar la biodiversitat de la mar. A més, són utilitzats per a hàbitats dels peixos ja que es creen microalgues en ells que els serveixen d’aliment. Finalment, aquestes solucions són aplicades en un cas pràctic al sud d’Itàlia, a la costa de Calabria que està molt amenaçada per l’erosió.

Esta obra está dedicada a la investigación de la embriaguez y al esbozo de un campo de reflexión propio de ella: he denominado a ese campo Ébrica. Para llevarla a cabo me he apoyado en ciertas referencias, mayormente, de la historia de la filosofía. Las principales son Friedrich Nietzsche y algunos de los autores influidos por él. Propongo a Nietzsche como referencia por la importancia que tiene en su obra el concepto de embriaguez. Alrededor de dicho concepto ensayaré esta ébrica, que toma su nombre de la palabra griega hybris. Esta palabra podría traducirse por «desmesura» y, pensada en sentido nietzscheano, denuncia las interpretaciones excesivamente moralizantes sobre el comportamiento humano y el mundo, pero también sobre la embriaguez, así como la predisposición a castigar cruelmente ciertas acciones y actitudes identificadas con una satisfacción contraria al dictado de los dioses.

Platelet extracellular vesicles (PEVs) generated upon platelet activation may play a role in inflammatory pathologies such as atherosclerosis. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), a well-known contributor to atherogenesis, activates platelets and presensitizes them for activation by other agonists. We studied the effect of oxLDL on the secretion, composition, and inflammatory functions of PEVs using contemporary EV analytics. Platelets were activated by co-stimulation with thrombin (T) and collagen (C) ± oxLDL and characterized by high-resolution flow cytometry, nanoparticle tracking analysis, proximity extension assay, western blot, and electron microscopy. The effect of PEVs on macrophage differentiation and functionality was examined by analyzing macrophage surface markers, cytokine secretion, and transcriptome. OxLDL upregulated TC-induced formation of CD61+, P-selectin+ and phosphatidylserine+ PEVs. Blocking the scavenger receptor CD36 significantly suppressed the oxLDL+TC-induced PEV formation, and HDL caused a slight but detectable suppression. The inflammatory protein cargo differed between the PEVs from stimulated and unstimulated platelets. Both oxLDL+TC- and TC-induced PEVs enhanced macrophage HLA-DR and CD86 expression and decreased CD11c expression as well as secretion of several cytokines. Pathways related to cell cycle and regulation of gene expression, and immune system signaling were overrepresented in the differentially expressed genes between TC PEV -treated vs. control macrophages and oxLDL+TC PEV -treated vs. control macrophages, respectively. In conclusion, we speculate that oxLDL and activated platelets contribute to proatherogenic processes by increasing the number of PEVs that provide an adhesive and procoagulant surface, contain inflammatory mediators, and subtly finetune the macrophage gene expression.

Platelet extracellular vesicles (PEVs) generated upon platelet activation may play a role in inflammatory pathologies such as atherosclerosis. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), a well-known contributor to atherogenesis, activates platelets and presensitizes them for activation by other agonists. We studied the effect of oxLDL on the secretion, composition, and inflammatory functions of PEVs using contemporary EV analytics. Platelets were activated by co-stimulation with thrombin (T) and collagen (C) ± oxLDL and characterized by high-resolution flow cytometry, nanoparticle tracking analysis, proximity extension assay, western blot, and electron microscopy. The effect of PEVs on macrophage differentiation and functionality was examined by analyzing macrophage surface markers, cytokine secretion, and transcriptome. OxLDL upregulated TC-induced formation of CD61+, P-selectin+ and phosphatidylserine+ PEVs. Blocking the scavenger receptor CD36 significantly suppressed the oxLDL+TC-induced PEV formation, and HDL caused a slight but detectable suppression. The inflammatory protein cargo differed between the PEVs from stimulated and unstimulated platelets. Both oxLDL+TC- and TC-induced PEVs enhanced macrophage HLA-DR and CD86 expression and decreased CD11c expression as well as secretion of several cytokines. Pathways related to cell cycle and regulation of gene expression, and immune system signaling were overrepresented in the differentially expressed genes between TC PEV -treated vs. control macrophages and oxLDL+TC PEV -treated vs. control macrophages, respectively. In conclusion, we speculate that oxLDL and activated platelets contribute to proatherogenic processes by increasing the number of PEVs that provide an adhesive and procoagulant surface, contain inflammatory mediators, and subtly finetune the macrophage gene expression.

Platelet extracellular vesicles (PEVs) generated upon platelet activation may play a role in inflammatory pathologies such as atherosclerosis. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), a well-known contributor to atherogenesis, activates platelets and presensitizes them for activation by other agonists. We studied the effect of oxLDL on the secretion, composition, and inflammatory functions of PEVs using contemporary EV analytics. Platelets were activated by co-stimulation with thrombin (T) and collagen (C) ± oxLDL and characterized by high-resolution flow cytometry, nanoparticle tracking analysis, proximity extension assay, western blot, and electron microscopy. The effect of PEVs on macrophage differentiation and functionality was examined by analyzing macrophage surface markers, cytokine secretion, and transcriptome. OxLDL upregulated TC-induced formation of CD61+, P-selectin+ and phosphatidylserine+ PEVs. Blocking the scavenger receptor CD36 significantly suppressed the oxLDL+TC-induced PEV formation, and HDL caused a slight but detectable suppression. The inflammatory protein cargo differed between the PEVs from stimulated and unstimulated platelets. Both oxLDL+TC- and TC-induced PEVs enhanced macrophage HLA-DR and CD86 expression and decreased CD11c expression as well as secretion of several cytokines. Pathways related to cell cycle and regulation of gene expression, and immune system signaling were overrepresented in the differentially expressed genes between TC PEV -treated vs. control macrophages and oxLDL+TC PEV -treated vs. control macrophages, respectively. In conclusion, we speculate that oxLDL and activated platelets contribute to proatherogenic processes by increasing the number of PEVs that provide an adhesive and procoagulant surface, contain inflammatory mediators, and subtly finetune the macrophage gene expression.

Platelet extracellular vesicles (PEVs) generated upon platelet activation may play a role in inflammatory pathologies such as atherosclerosis. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), a well-known contributor to atherogenesis, activates platelets and presensitizes them for activation by other agonists. We studied the effect of oxLDL on the secretion, composition, and inflammatory functions of PEVs using contemporary EV analytics. Platelets were activated by co-stimulation with thrombin (T) and collagen (C) ± oxLDL and characterized by high-resolution flow cytometry, nanoparticle tracking analysis, proximity extension assay, western blot, and electron microscopy. The effect of PEVs on macrophage differentiation and functionality was examined by analyzing macrophage surface markers, cytokine secretion, and transcriptome. OxLDL upregulated TC-induced formation of CD61+, P-selectin+ and phosphatidylserine+ PEVs. Blocking the scavenger receptor CD36 significantly suppressed the oxLDL+TC-induced PEV formation, and HDL caused a slight but detectable suppression. The inflammatory protein cargo differed between the PEVs from stimulated and unstimulated platelets. Both oxLDL+TC- and TC-induced PEVs enhanced macrophage HLA-DR and CD86 expression and decreased CD11c expression as well as secretion of several cytokines. Pathways related to cell cycle and regulation of gene expression, and immune system signaling were overrepresented in the differentially expressed genes between TC PEV -treated vs. control macrophages and oxLDL+TC PEV -treated vs. control macrophages, respectively. In conclusion, we speculate that oxLDL and activated platelets contribute to proatherogenic processes by increasing the number of PEVs that provide an adhesive and procoagulant surface, contain inflammatory mediators, and subtly finetune the macrophage gene expression.

Purpose: This study assessed the effects of 12-week supervised resistance training combined with home-based physical activity on physical fitness, cancer-related fatigue, depressive symptoms, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and life satisfaction in female breast cancer survivors. Methods: A parallel-group, outcome assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial included 60 female breast cancer survivors who had completed their core treatments within the previous 10 years. Through computer-generated simple randomization, participants were assigned to resistance training (RTG; two sessions/week for 12 weeks plus instructions to undertake ≥ 10,000 steps/d) or control (CG; ≥ 10,000 steps/d only). Outcomes were evaluated at baseline and week 12. Muscular strength was assessed with electromechanical dynamometry. A standardized full-body muscular strength score was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included cardiorespiratory fitness, shoulder mobility, cancer-related fatigue, depressive symptoms, HRQoL, and life satisfaction. Results: Thirty-two participants were assigned to RTG (29 achieved ≥ 75% attendance) and 28 to CG (all completed the trial). Intention-to-treat analyses revealed that the standardized full-body muscular strength score increased significantly in the RTG compared to the CG (0.718; 95% CI 0.361–1.074, P < 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.04). This increase was consistent for the standardized scores of upper-body (0.727; 95% CI 0.294–1.160, P = 0.001, d = 0.87) and lower-body (0.709; 95% CI 0.324–1.094, P = 0.001, d = 0.96) strength. There was no effect on cardiorespiratory fitness, shoulder flexion, cancer-related fatigue, depressive symptoms, HRQoL, or life satisfaction. The sensitivity analyses confirmed these results. Conclusion: and implication for cancer survivors. In female breast cancer survivors who had completed their core treatments within the past 10 years, adding two weekly sessions of supervised resistance training to a prescription of

La presente investigación monográfica aborda el pensamiento del filósofo francés Gilbert Simondon (1924-1989). Este autor ha sido prácticamente olvidado hasta hace pocos años, con lo cual esta investigación aspira, en primer lugar, a restituir su pensamiento en el marco de la historia de la filosofía del siglo XX. El enfoque se centra en los aspectos de la ontología de la individuación, auténtico núcleo doctrinal de las obras fundamentales del autor, a través de una teoría poco estudiada llamada «Allagmática». La hipótesis de partida es que para desarrollar con éxito la filosofía de la individuación, Simondon exploró antes una teoría axiomática basada en una ampliación de los principios teóricos de las corrientes sistémicas de su época, a saber, la cibernética, la psicología de la forma y la teoría de la información. Para demostrar esta hipótesis se procede en primer lugar a un análisis genealógico y sistemático de la influencia que estas corrientes tendrán en el desarrollo de las tesis principales del autor para, a continuación, exponer en toda su amplitud la teoría allagmática. Por último, se relacionará esta última con la ontología de la individuación, prestando especial atención a como una teoría sirve de fundamento axiomático a la otra. Realizada esta tarea, se aspira a restituir el pensamiento ontológico de este autor y situar su filosofía en las coordenadas de un retorno a la metafísica y a la filosofía de la naturaleza.

The production of pineapple (Ananas comosusL.) by conventional methods is limited mainly bythe lack of availability of high-yielding suckers. Nevertheless, it has been shown that, throughin vitro propagation methodologies such as somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis, it ispossible to obtain high-yielding plants in a more efficient and controllable way. The objectiveof this study was to generate an efficient protocol of micropropagation of landrace pineapple(Ananas comosusL.) for the in vitro multiplication and conservation of this species, the study wascarried out in 2021. The morphogenic response of the landrace pineapple was evaluated basedon different explants (apical meristem and leaf), grown in Murashige and Skoog (MS) culturemedium supplemented with various growth regulators: naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.5, 1 and1.5 mg L-1), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (1, 2 and 3 mg L-1) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) (1, 2 and 4.5 mg L-1), as well as a regulator-free control treatment. The results showedthat, of the explants evaluated, the best response was observed in the apical meristem, in whichthe formation of adventitious shoots was obtained 60 days after induction treatment, when theculture medium was supplemented with BAP at a concentration of 2 mg L-1, obtaining eightshoots/explant. The protocol developed is a key study for the mass propagation of landracepineapple, La producción de piña (Ananas comosus L.) por métodos convencionales está limitada principalmente por la falta de disponibilidad de retoños de alto rendimiento. Sin embargo, se ha demostrado que por medio de metodologías de propagación in vitro como la embriogénesis somática y organogénesis, es posible obtener plantas de alto rendimiento de una manera más eficiente y controlable. El objetivo de este estudio consistió en generar un protocolo eficiente de micropropagación de piña criolla (Ananas comosus L.) para la multiplicación y conservación in vitro de esta especie, el estudio se llevó a cabo en 2021. Se evaluó la respuesta morfogénica de la piña criolla a partir de diferentes explantes (meristemo apical y hoja), cultivados en medio de cultivo Murashige y Skoog (MS) suplementado con diversos reguladores de crecimiento: ácido naftalenacético (ANA) (0.5, 1 y 1.5 mg L-1), 6-bencilaminopurina (BAP) (1, 2 y 3 mg L-1) y ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) (1, 2 y 4.5 mg L-1), así como un tratamiento control libre de reguladores. Los resultados mostraron que de los explantes evaluados la mejor respuesta se observó en el meristemo apical, en el cuales se obtuvo la formación de brotes adventicios a los 60 días del tratamiento de inducción, cuando el medio de cultivo fue suplementado con BAP a una concentración de 2 mg L-1 obteniéndose ocho brotes/explante. El protocolo desarrollado es un estudio clave para la propagación masiva de piña criolla.

La presentazione e comunicazione delle caratteristiche di prodotti, così come di raccolte di oggetti o servizi, sono di fondamentale importanza in diversi campi. Il caso d’uso più evidente è dato dalla necessità di produttori e negozi di pubblicizzare le proprie offerte ai potenziali clienti: a tal scopo vengono frequentemente impiegati cataloghi cartacei o digitali. Inoltre, i cataloghi possono avere obiettivi diversi dalla pubblicizzazione di prodotti fisici, possono anche presentare della conoscenza (ad esempio in una biblioteca o in un museo) oppure dei servizi forniti da una azienda o da un individuo. Con la crescente diffusione di smartphone, tablet ed head-mounted display si aprono nuove possibilità per i cataloghi, che possono essere presentati sfruttando i concetti della Mixed Reality (MR), i quali consentono l’inserimento di elementi virtuali all'interno del mondo reale. A tal fine, questa tesi propone un framework computazionale che supporta la creazione di cataloghi MR attraverso le fasi di progettazione, sviluppo e fruizione del catalogo stesso. La creazione di cataloghi MR coinvolge diversi aspetti; in questa ricerca vengono indagati quelli chiave, inclusi la ricostruzione tridimensionale della geometria, l'acquisizione dell'aspetto del materiale, la presentazione e fruizione del catalogo MR. I ricercatori hanno ampiamente studiato questi campi separatamente; questa tesi si propone quindi di affrontare problemi specifici del loro utilizzo nella creazione di un catalogo MR. La ricostruzione 3D della geometria trova impiego nella creazione di modelli tridimensionali virtuali di elementi reali da visualizzare nei cataloghi MR: viene quindi affrontato il problema della selezione del metodo di ricostruzione 3D più adatto. Oltre alla geometria, una corretta riproduzione dell’aspetto degli elementi virtuali è fondamentale per farli apparire realistici. Questa tesi propone la progettazione e lo sviluppo di un dispositivo portatile ed economico per l'acq, Presentation and communication of characteristics about products and, in general, collections of objects or services are of crucial relevance in several fields. The most prominent application is given by the necessity of manufacturers and stores to advertise their offers to potential customers. To this purpose, paper or digital catalogs are often employed. Furthermore, catalogs may have goals that differ from the advertisement of physical products. They may also build on the presentation of knowledge (e.g. in a library or museum) or refer to services provided by some company or individual. With the growing diffusion of smartphones, tablets, and head-mounted displays, new possibilities arise for the catalogs to be presented by taking advantage of Mixed Reality (MR) concepts that allow the blending of virtual elements within the real world. To this end, this thesis proposes a computational framework that supports the creation of MR catalogs throughout the stages of design, development, and fruition of the catalog itself. The creation of MR catalogs involves several aspects. The key ones among them are investigated in this research. These include 3D geometry reconstruction, material appearance acquisition, and presentation of the MR catalog. Researchers have largely investigated these fields separately. This thesis aims to tackle specific problems of their usage in the creation of an MR catalog. 3D geometry reconstruction finds use in the creation of virtual 3D models of real elements for display in MR catalogs. The problem of selecting the most suitable 3D reconstruction method is addressed. In addition to 3D geometry, the look and feel of virtual elements are crucial to make them appear realistic. This thesis proposes the design and development of a low cost portable device for material appearance acquisition. Finally, the presentation of the MR catalog involves the rendering of the virtual elements and interaction with the user. In order to accomplish that, a generi

Platelet extracellular vesicles (PEVs) generated upon platelet activation may play a role in inflammatory pathologies such as atherosclerosis. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), a well-known contributor to atherogenesis, activates platelets and presensitizes them for activation by other agonists. We studied the effect of oxLDL on the secretion, composition, and inflammatory functions of PEVs using contemporary EV analytics. Platelets were activated by co-stimulation with thrombin (T) and collagen (C) ± oxLDL and characterized by high-resolution flow cytometry, nanoparticle tracking analysis, proximity extension assay, western blot, and electron microscopy. The effect of PEVs on macrophage differentiation and functionality was examined by analyzing macrophage surface markers, cytokine secretion, and transcriptome. OxLDL upregulated TC-induced formation of CD61+, P-selectin+ and phosphatidylserine+ PEVs. Blocking the scavenger receptor CD36 significantly suppressed the oxLDL+TC-induced PEV formation, and HDL caused a slight but detectable suppression. The inflammatory protein cargo differed between the PEVs from stimulated and unstimulated platelets. Both oxLDL+TC- and TC-induced PEVs enhanced macrophage HLA-DR and CD86 expression and decreased CD11c expression as well as secretion of several cytokines. Pathways related to cell cycle and regulation of gene expression, and immune system signaling were overrepresented in the differentially expressed genes between TC PEV -treated vs. control macrophages and oxLDL+TC PEV -treated vs. control macrophages, respectively. In conclusion, we speculate that oxLDL and activated platelets contribute to proatherogenic processes by increasing the number of PEVs that provide an adhesive and procoagulant surface, contain inflammatory mediators, and subtly finetune the macrophage gene expression.

En este TFG intentaremos tratar cómo Lady Gaga desde sus inicios en 2006 hasta la publicación de su segundo álbum en 2011 genera un personaje que termina sacrificando en el momento más elevado de su carrera. Una historia a través de uno de los iconos del pop del siglo XXI llena de sangre, vísceras y perversión. Además, reflejaremos también cómo es capaz de sortear la muerte romántica del joven artista gracias a este sacrificio poético., Neste TFG intentaremos tratar como Lady Gaga dende os seus inicios en 2006 ata a publicación do seu segundo álbum en 2011 xenera un personaxe que termina sacrificando no momento máis elevado da súa carreira. Unha historia a través dun dos iconos do pop do século XXI chea de sangue, vísceras e perversión. Ademáis reflexaremos tamén como é capaz de sortear a morte romántica do xoven artista grazas a este sacrificio poético., In this TFG we'll try to process how Lady Gaga since her beginning in 2006 to the release of her second album in 2011 forms a character which ends up sacrificing in the highest point of her carreer. A story through one of the XXI's century pop icon full of blood, viscera and perversion. On top of that, we'll show how she's capable of tossing the romantic death of the young artist thanks to this poetic sacrifice.

Purpose: This study assessed the effects of 12-week supervised resistance training combined with home-based physical activity on physical fitness, cancer-related fatigue, depressive symptoms, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and life satisfaction in female breast cancer survivors. Methods: A parallel-group, outcome assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial included 60 female breast cancer survivors who had completed their core treatments within the previous 10 years. Through computer-generated simple randomization, participants were assigned to resistance training (RTG; two sessions/week for 12 weeks plus instructions to undertake ≥ 10,000 steps/d) or control (CG; ≥ 10,000 steps/d only). Outcomes were evaluated at baseline and week 12. Muscular strength was assessed with electromechanical dynamometry. A standardized full-body muscular strength score was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included cardiorespiratory fitness, shoulder mobility, cancer-related fatigue, depressive symptoms, HRQoL, and life satisfaction. Results: Thirty-two participants were assigned to RTG (29 achieved ≥ 75% attendance) and 28 to CG (all completed the trial). Intention-to-treat analyses revealed that the standardized full-body muscular strength score increased significantly in the RTG compared to the CG (0.718; 95% CI 0.361–1.074, P < 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.04). This increase was consistent for the standardized scores of upper-body (0.727; 95% CI 0.294–1.160, P = 0.001, d = 0.87) and lower-body (0.709; 95% CI 0.324–1.094, P = 0.001, d = 0.96) strength. There was no effect on cardiorespiratory fitness, shoulder flexion, cancer-related fatigue, depressive symptoms, HRQoL, or life satisfaction. The sensitivity analyses confirmed these results. Conclusion: and implication for cancer survivors. In female breast cancer survivors who had completed their core treatments within the past 10 years, adding two weekly sessions of supervised resistance training to a prescription of

Rare diseases affect up to 29 million people in the European Union, and almost 50% of them affect the nervous system or muscles. Delays in diagnosis and treatment onset and insufficient treatment choices are common. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) may improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients and optimize care pathways, delivering the best scientific evidence to all clinicians treating these patients. Recommendations are set for developing and reporting high-quality CPGs on rare neurological diseases (RNDs) within the European Academy of Neurology (EAN), through a consensus procedure. A group of 27 experts generated an initial list of items that were evaluated through a two-step Delphi consensus procedure and a face-to-face meeting. The final list of items was reviewed by an external review group of 58 members. The consensus procedure yielded 63 final items. Items are listed according to the domains of the AGREE instruments and concern scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigour of development, and applicability. Additional items consider reporting and ethical issues. Recommendations are supported by practical examples derived from published guidelines and are presented in two tables: (1) items specific to RND CPGs, and general guideline items of special importance for RNDs, or often neglected; (2) items for guideline development within the EAN. This guidance aims to provide solutions to the issues specific to RNDs. This consensus document, produced by many experts in various fields, is considered to serve as a starting point for further harmonization and for increasing the quality of CPGs in the field of RNDs.

Background and purpose Rare diseases affect up to 29 million people in the European Union, and almost 50% of them affect the nervous system or muscles. Delays in diagnosis and treatment onset and insufficient treatment choices are common. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) may improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients and optimize care pathways, delivering the best scientific evidence to all clinicians treating these patients. Recommendations are set for developing and reporting high-quality CPGs on rare neurological diseases (RNDs) within the European Academy of Neurology (EAN), through a consensus procedure. Methods A group of 27 experts generated an initial list of items that were evaluated through a two-step Delphi consensus procedure and a face-to-face meeting. The final list of items was reviewed by an external review group of 58 members. Results The consensus procedure yielded 63 final items. Items are listed according to the domains of the AGREE instruments and concern scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigour of development, and applicability. Additional items consider reporting and ethical issues. Recommendations are supported by practical examples derived from published guidelines and are presented in two tables: (1) items specific to RND CPGs, and general guideline items of special importance for RNDs, or often neglected; (2) items for guideline development within the EAN. Conclusions This guidance aims to provide solutions to the issues specific to RNDs. This consensus document, produced by many experts in various fields, is considered to serve as a starting point for further harmonization and for increasing the quality of CPGs in the field of RNDs.

While rare diseases (RDs) are by definition of low prevalence, the total number of patients suffering from an RD is high, and the majority of them have neurologic manifestations, involving central, peripheral nerve, and muscle. In 2017, 24 European Reference Networks (ERNs), each focusing on a specific group of rare or low-prevalence complex diseases, were formed to improve the care for patients with an RD. One major aim is to have "the knowledge travel instead of the patient," which has been put into practice by the implementation of the Clinical Patient Management System (CPMS) that enables clinicians to perform pan-European virtual consultations. The European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND) provides an infrastructure for knowledge sharing and care coordination for patients affected by a rare neurological disease (RND) involving the most common central nervous system pathological conditions. It covers the following disease groups: (i) Cerebellar Ataxias and Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias; (ii) Huntington's disease and Other Choreas; (iii) Frontotemporal dementia; (iv) Dystonia, (non-epileptic) paroxysmal disorders, and Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation; (v) Leukoencephalopathies; and (vi) Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes. At the moment, it unites 32 expert centers and 10 affiliated partners in 21 European countries, as well as patient representatives, but will soon cover nearly all countries of the European Union as a result of the ongoing expansion process. Disease expert groups developed and consented on diagnostic flowcharts and disease scales to assess the different aspects of RNDs. ERN-RND has started to discuss diagnostically unclear patients in the CPMS, is one of four ERNs that serve as foundation of Solve-RD, and has established an RND training and education program. The network will facilitate trial readiness through the establishment of an ERN-RND registry with a minimal data of all patients seen at the ERN-RND cen

The study commences with an overview of the climate mitigation support provided in chapter 1. The overview is visualised in a figure showing country targeting, sector focus etc. The study continues in chapter 2, which covers three elements listed. The first element is the 2015 evaluation of the climate envelope and the follow up. It also relates to the overall strategic frame for the Danish climate mitigation funding, against which the support can be measured. The second element covers the priorities expressed in Nationally Determined Contributions, NDCs, the countries’ climate ambitions, which are part of the Paris Climate Agreement. This includes a zoom-in on six countries as possible case study countries of the upcoming evaluation, and as such also relate to the bilateral climate mitigation support. The third and final element is climate finance including the finance flows and the climate funds, and as such relate to the multilateral climate mitigation funding. All of the elements are concluded with a set of questions to consider as part of the evaluation. The study ends in chapter 3 with considerations of design features for the upcoming evaluation. The study builds upon a similar preparatory study of an evaluation of climate adaptation support, and specifically the data sets developed in relation to that study (DIIS, 2019). In general, establishing a reliable data set that describes the mitigation support in terms of volumes, countries and sectors covered, channels used etc. presents a challenge, and the overview of mitigation support provided in this study needs further work, e.g. verification of all entries in the data set and that nothing has been left out, possibly by the independent evaluation team.All reservations and caveats regarding the data presented in this study are outlined in chapter 1.

According to the UNEP Finance Initiative, climate change is referred to by leading economists as the greatest market failure in human history, with potentially disruptive implications for the social well-being, economic development, and financial stability of current and future generations. Conservative estimates see unabated climate change leading to global costs equivalent to losing five to 20 per cent of global gross domestic product (GDP) each year, now and forever.

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel and pulp are a source of dietary fiber (DF) and phenolic compounds (PCs) that constituent part of the indigestible fraction (IF). This fraction reaches the colon and acts as a carbon and energy source for intestinal microbiota. The effect of mango IF on intestinal microbiota during colonic fermentation is unknown. In this study, the isolated IF of a novel ‘Ataulfo’ mango-based bar (snack) UV-C irradiated and non irradiated (UVMangoBand MangoB) were fermented. Colonic fermentation occurred in vitro under chemical-enzymatic, semi-anaerobic, batch culture and controlled pH colonic conditions. Changes in the structure of fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16s rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The community´s functional capabilities were determined in silico. The MangoB and UVMangoB increased the presence of Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Eubacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Holdemanella, Catenibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Buttiauxella, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Prevotella and Bacteroides genera. The alpha indexes showed a decrease in microbial diversity after 6 h of colonic fermentation. The coordinates analysis indicated any differences between irradiated and non-irradiated bar. The metabolic prediction demonstrated that MangoB and UVMangoB increase the microbiota carbohydrate metabolism pathway. This study suggests that IF of mango-based bar induced beneficial changes on microbial ecology and metabolic pathway that could be promissory to prevention or treatment of metabolic dysbiosis. However, in vivo interventions are necessary to confirm the interactions between microbiota modulating and intestinal beneficial effects., Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico, Tecnológico Nacional de México (TECNM), Depto. de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub

The results of the TNA process are available for integration into national planning processes and for funding and implementation by interested stakeholders. Participating countries gain improved in-country capacity on the methodologies and process of conducting a TNA, including stakeholder engagement, multi-criteria analysis, barrier analysis and preparation of project concepts, including financial proposals. The outputs of the project will be generated using a transparent participatory approach, with strong national stakeholder engagement, which will enable national consensuses on priority technologies and actions to emerge. The TNA project has three main steps (Figure 1) starting with the prioritization of technologies for mitigation and adaptation using a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) within a few sectors based on national and sectoral development priorities and alignment with NDCs. The actions needed to implement the prioritized technologies are proposed within the TAP. They emanate from the Barrier Analysis and Enabling Framework step, which helps identify a wide variety of barriers (economic, legal, institutional, social, cultural, market, technical, etc.) and possible means of addressing these barriers, including policy options for creating enabling frameworks. Ways of addressing the barriers are then prioritized, high-priority measures being included in the Technology Action Plans (TAPs) and referred to as actions. These actions are further broken down into activities, some activities in the TAP becoming project ideas. These project ideas can then be scaled up further into project concepts and finally into full proposals for submission to donors and financiers to enable implementation.

The results of the TNA process are available for integration into national planning processes and for funding and implementation by interested stakeholders. Participating countries gain improved in-country capacity on the methodologies and process of conducting a TNA, including stakeholder engagement, multi-criteria analysis, barrier analysis and preparation of project concepts, including financial proposals. The outputs of the project will be generated using a transparent participatory approach, with strong national stakeholder engagement, which will enable national consensuses on priority technologies and actions to emerge. The TNA project has three main steps (Figure 1) starting with the prioritization of technologies for mitigation and adaptation using a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) within a few sectors based on national and sectoral development priorities and alignment with NDCs. The actions needed to implement the prioritized technologies are proposed within the TAP. They emanate from the Barrier Analysis and Enabling Framework step, which helps identify a wide variety of barriers (economic, legal, institutional, social, cultural, market, technical, etc.) and possible means of addressing these barriers, including policy options for creating enabling frameworks. Ways of addressing the barriers are then prioritized, high-priority measures being included in the Technology Action Plans (TAPs) and referred to as actions. These actions are further broken down into activities, some activities in the TAP becoming project ideas. These project ideas can then be scaled up further into project concepts and finally into full proposals for submission to donors and financiers to enable implementation.

Developing countries often lack the technical capacity, tools and robust institutional frameworks to enable regular reporting on the implementation progress of the Paris Agreement. Reporting is crucial for creating national and global overview of the mitigation efforts, adaptation plans and support needed and received towards enhanced climate ambitions. The Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) was established to build mutual trust and confidence, allow comparability and ensure accountability among Parties, and to promote effective implementation. With the Nordic Declaration on Carbon Neutrality from 2019, the Nordic Prime Ministers agreed to intensify the focus on climate change in development cooperation. Thus, the Nordic Climate and Air Pollution group (NKL) has initiated this project to facilitate Nordic initiatives to support the implementation of the ETF in Developing countries.

Rare neurological diseases (RNDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders mainly affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems, representing almost 50% of all rare diseases; this explains why neurologists are very often involved in their diagnosis, treatment and research. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively describe the awareness of RNDs among the neurological community of the Italian Society of Neurology (SIN). A survey of the Italian Neurogenetics and Rare diseases group of the SIN, similar to what was submitted to the members of the EAN Task Force on Rare Neurologic Diseases and to EAN Panels Scientific Committee Management Groups, was launched in January 2019 in order to verify the specific Italian situations and possibly the regional differences. Answers were collected online. We observed that Italian Members of the SIN Neurogenetics and Rare Neurologic Diseases Scientific Group are well aware of the burden posed by RNDs but at the national and regional level, the relative awareness is sketchy and disparate. Although many national initiatives have been undertaken to facilitate the diagnosis and management in Italy, our survey reveals that much works has to be done in supporting RNDs patients, including a deeper collaboration between politics, universities and all stakeholders in the field.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic analysis and scoring of brain MRI white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in adult-onset Krabbe disease. METHODS: We retrospectively collected basic clinical data and the first available brain MRI from patients with confirmed Krabbe disease with first clinical manifestations beyond 10 years of age. Data were obtained from our reference center for lysosomal diseases (n = 6) and from contacted authors of published articles describing patients with adult-onset Krabbe disease (n = 15). T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images of each patient were analyzed and scored using a radiologic score of WMH in a single center. RESULTS: The corticospinal tract was always affected by WMH (100% of patients), however, with some distinctions along the tract: the precentral gyrus (100%), corona radiata (95%), and posterior internal capsule (81%) were highly abnormal, whereas the mesencephalon (57%), pons (52%), and medulla oblongata (5%) were less affected. WMH were also frequently present in the posterior lateral periventricular white matter (95%), optic radiations (86%), postcentral gyrus (71%), medial lemniscus (62%), and corpus callosum, especially in the isthmus (71%), whereas the genu was always normal. A few patients did not have the classical MRI pattern but extensive hyperintensities (n = 3), or patchy distribution of hyperintensities mimicking an acquired etiology (n = 2), or very subtle hyperintensities of the corticospinal tract (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: We specified the main locations of WMH, which were observed in the earliest stages of the disease and were also present in patients with atypical MRI pattern, highlighting the importance of radiologic features to guide the diagnosis.

Current imaging technology for concealed weapon detection in the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and terahertz ranges is traditionally limited to a single type of sensor. In this paper, a system combining active and passive mm-wave sensors along with a depth-sensing camera is presented. These sensors are combined at a hardware stage (being integrated into a single imager) as well as at software level (via simultaneous processing and sensor fusion). The resulting images of the individual sensors are combined via image fusion techniques, using a consumer-grade optical sensor as an image noise-removing tool and highlighting the threat over the subject's body. Each sensor is able to compensate some of the imaging limitations of the others, thus offering better overall detection capabilities. Furthermore, the final imager has been formed by combining commercially available devices, which provides a reduced-cost alternative to custom-made equipment.

Las condiciones climáticas de Nicaragua permiten que la agricultura y la ganadería se desarrollen en los sistemas productivos. El presente estudio consistió en diagnosticar la situación socioeconómica de 55 unidades de producción agrícola, de los municipios de San Juan de Rio Coco, Telpaneca y San Lucas considerando las condiciones edafoclimáticas, económicas, social y productivas en el departamento de Madriz, 2017-2018. Se aplicaron encuestas socioeconómicas y análisis de la unidad productiva. Basado en la información recopilada se procedió a muestrear, procesar y analizar registros de 55 unidades productivas con más de 100 variables, a través de análisis univariados. Los resultados mostraron que más del 90% de las familias tienen acceso a los principales servicios básicos (agua potable, comunicación). La mayoría de los productores son propietarios de sus unidades productivas, en donde el sexo masculino es el predominante, siendo estos los que toman las decisiones en los procesos productivos, están organizados en cooperativa con más de 12 años de estar asociados. Los campesinos son el grupo de mayor representatividad, el cultivo de café (Coffea spp) es el de mayor importancia en los municipios, siendo la variedad Catimor la predominante. La cobertura forestal consta de 37 especies agrupadas en 22 familias, siendo el principal uso la construcción sobresalen Inga vera (Willd) guaba y Cordia alliodora (Ruiz y Pav) Oken laurel, las cuales están asociado al cultivo de café. Dentro de los frutales se encontraron Citrus sinensis (Osbeck) naranja, Persea americana (Mill) aguacate y Mangifera indica L. mango. La ganadería es poco practicada en los sistemas productivos siendo la cría de gallinas, cerdos las de mayor importancia, en San Juan de Rio Coco la apicultura es un rubro de mucha importancia.

En Latinoamérica el 46% de las emisiones de GEI proviene del cambio de usos de la tierra y el 20% de la agricultura, en donde el 58% y el 70% de las emisiones son debidas a la ganadería. El continuo crecimiento de este sector (+32% previsto al 2050) ha impulsado la expansión de la frontera agropecuaria en los bosques, generando múltiples impactos ambientales entre los cuales se encuentra la emisión de Gases Efecto Invernadero (GEI). Sin embargo, el sector tiene un alto potencial de mitigación reconocido por políticas, estrategias y programas de mitigación nacionales como las Contribuciones Nacionalmente Determinadas (NDC) y de desarrollo sectorial como las Acciones de Mitigación nacionalmente Apropiadas (NAMA). Entre estas acciones se incluye la implementación de sistemas silvopastoriles, cuya medición monitoreo y reporte a escala nacional presenta un estado de avance muy limitado, dejando su aporte a la mitigación invisible. A través de un Grupo Técnico de Trabajo ad hoc se han analizado el avance de los países de la región en la incorporación de los sistemas silvopastoriles en los sistemas nacionales de Medición/Monitoreo, Reporte y Verificación (MRV) de los Inventarios Nacionales de Gases Efecto Invernadero, y los requerimientos a cumplir para esto, generando una hoja de ruta a corto-medio plazo así como unas orientaciones técnicas para reducir la brecha existente.

Background: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is often considered as the classical example of a genetic disorder in which severe symptoms can nowadays successfully be prevented by early diagnosis and treatment. In contrast, untreated or late-treated PKU is known to result in severe intellectual disability, seizures, and behavioral disturbances. Rarely, however, untreated or late-diagnosed PKU patients with high plasma phenylalanine concentrations have been reported to escape from intellectual disability. The present study aimed to review published cases of such PKU patients. Methods: To this purpose, we conducted a literature search in PubMed and EMBASE up to 8th of September 2017 to identify cases with 1) PKU diagnosis and start of treatment after 7 years of age; 2) untreated plasma phenylalanine concentrations gt = 1200 mu mol/l; and 3) IQ gt = 80. Literature search, checking reference lists, selection of articles, and extraction of data were performed by two independent researchers. Results: In total, we identified 59 published cases of patients with late-diagnosed PKU and unexpected favorable outcome who met the inclusion criteria. Although all investigated patients had intellectual functioning within the normal range, at least 19 showed other neurological, psychological, and/or behavioral symptoms. Conclusions: Based on the present findings, the classical symptomatology of untreated or late-treated PKU may need to be rewritten, not only in the sense that intellectual dysfunction is not obligatory, but also in the sense that intellectual functioning does not (re) present the full picture of brain damage due to high plasma phenylalanine concentrations. Further identification of such patients and additional analyses are necessary to better understand these differences between PKU patients.

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) refers to a group of genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative motor neuron disorders characterized by progressive age-dependent loss of corticospinal motor tract function, lower limb spasticity, and weakness. Recent clinical use of next generation sequencing (NGS) methodologies suggests that they facilitate the diagnostic approach to HSP, but the power of NGS as a first-tier diagnostic procedure is unclear. The larger-than-expected genetic heterogeneity-there are over 80 potential disease-associated genes-and frequent overlap with other clinical conditions affecting the motor system make a molecular diagnosis in HSP cumbersome and time consuming. In a single-center, cross-sectional study, spanning 4 years, 239 subjects with a clinical diagnosis of HSP underwent molecular screening of a large set of genes, using two different customized NGS panels. The latest version of our targeted sequencing panel (SpastiSure3.0) comprises 118 genes known to be associated with HSP. Using an in-house validated bioinformatics pipeline and several in silico tools to predict mutation pathogenicity, we obtained a positive diagnostic yield of 29% (70/239), whereas variants of unknown significance (VUS) were found in 86 patients (36%), and 83 cases remained unsolved. This study is among the largest screenings of consecutive HSP index cases enrolled in real-life clinical-diagnostic settings. Its results corroborate NGS as a modern, first-step procedure for molecular diagnosis of HSP. It also disclosed a significant number of new mutations in ultra-rare genes, expanding the clinical spectrum, and genetic landscape of HSP, at least in Italy

Se determina la factibilidad económica y técnica de la puesta en marcha de una planta para la producción de tabaco para pipas de agua o narguiles, y su posterior comercialización en paquetes de distintas presentaciones en el territorio argentino. El volumen de producción varía desde 22000kg, en el primer periodo, con un crecimiento estable a lo largo del proyecto. Los costos ascienden en promedio a $ 16.200.000 por periodo, y se componen en 70% de producción y 30% en costos administrativos y de comercialización. Existen tres presentaciones, paquetes de 50gr, 250gr, y 1kg, y se requieren de cinco personas para mano de obra directa y otras ocho para mano de obra administrativa. La localización de la planta es en Salta Capital. La inversión inicial es de $2.287.900, la cual es recuperada en el periodo 5. El proyecto resulta viable, con una rentabilidad del 30%, exigida al proyecto. El Valor Actual Neto (VAN) del proyecto es de $820.737 y su Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) de 33%., Fil: Vuistaz Serrano, Verónica Raquel. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina., Fil: Palma Yobe, Federico Antonio. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina.

The publication addresses fundamental issues related to the integration of NAMAs and mitigation actions in general into national development and climate change policies and actions. It presents practical ways to conduct barrier analysis that will lead and facilitate an adequate formulation of NAMAs and mitigation actions. Likewise, enabling environments and risk analysis are elaborated and presented in an easy-to-read language for NAMA practitioners in order to support them in successfully leveraging local investment and accessing international finance.

The Betic Ophiolites consist of numerous tectonic slices, metric to kilometric in size, of eclogitized mafic and ultramafic rocks associated to oceanic metasediments, deriving from the Betic oceanic domain. The outcrop of these ophiolites is aligned along 250 km in the Mulhacen Complex of the Nevado-Filabride Domain, located at the center-eastern zone of the Betic Cordillera (SE Spain). According to petrological/geochemical inferences and SHRIMP (Sensitive High Resolution Ion Micro-Probe) dating of igneous zircons, the Betic oceanic lithosphere originated along an ultra-slow mid-ocean ridge, after rifting, thinning and breakup of the preexisting continental crust. The Betic oceanic sector, located at the westernmost end of the Tethys Ocean, developed from the Lower to Middle Jurassic (185-170 Ma), just at the beginning of the Pangaea break-up between the Iberia-European and the Africa-Adrian plates. Subsequently, the oceanic spreading migrated northeastward to form the Ligurian and Alpine Tethys oceans, from 165 to 140 Ma. Breakup and oceanization isolated continental remnants, known as the Mesomediterranean Terrane, which were deformed and affected by the Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene Eo-Alpine high-pressure metamorphic event, due to the intra-oceanic subduction of the Jurassic oceanic lithosphere and the related continental margins. This process was followed by the partial exhumation of the subducted oceanic rocks onto their continental margins, forming the Betic and Alpine Ophiolites. Subsequently, along the Upper Oligocene and Miocene, the deformed and metamorphosed Mesomediterranean Terrane was dismembered into different continental blocks collectively known as AlKaPeCa microplate (Alboran, Kabylian, Peloritan and Calabrian). In particular, the Alboran block was displaced toward the SW to occupy its current setting between the Iberian and African plates, due to the Neogene opening of the Algero-Provencal Basin. During this translation, the different domains of the

We present a simulation framework for a 3-D highresolution imaging radar at 300 GHz with mechanical scanning. This tool allows us to reproduce the imaging capabilities of the radar in different setups and with different targets. The simulations are based on a ray-tracing approximation combined with a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model for the scattering of rough surfaces. Moreover, we present a novel approach to estimate the scattering parameters of the BRDF model for different types of targets from the combination of the radar data and information obtained from an infrared structure light sensor. This new framework will serve as a baseline for the design of future radar multistatic configurations and to generate synthetic data to train automatic target recognition algorithms.

We present a simulation framework for a 3-D highresolution imaging radar at 300 GHz with mechanical scanning. This tool allows us to reproduce the imaging capabilities of the radar in different setups and with different targets. The simulations are based on a ray-tracing approximation combined with a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model for the scattering of rough surfaces. Moreover, we present a novel approach to estimate the scattering parameters of the BRDF model for different types of targets from the combination of the radar data and information obtained from an infrared structure light sensor. This new framework will serve as a baseline for the design of future radar multistatic configurations and to generate synthetic data to train automatic target recognition algorithms.

Infographics are a common visual means to inform users. This paper investigates how lay people of different age, gender and educational background perceive the use of infographics for information visualization in daily tasks. We chose three topics of general interest: weather, study and work and three infographics, one for each topic. We administered a questionnaire to people randomly split in two groups: the first group interacted with a static version of each infographic, i.e., a snapshot of it; the second group interacted with the fully configurable infographics. We aimed to assess information quality on different dimensions, to take into account both formal and substantial aspects; interaction quality along dimensions like usability and ease of use; and design quality on the dimensions of the Visualization Wheel by Cairo, to assess the trade-off between information complexity and aesthetics of infographics. The goal was to measure whether the quality of infographics affects the perception of information and the users' interaction. The overall results suggest that, although interactive infographics are perceived as more complex, the experience with them is better. From our observations, we derived a model to assess the overall quality of static and interactive infographics, based on information, interaction and design quality dimensions.

This paper describes a 63-participant user study that compares two widely known systems supporting end users in creating trigger-action rules for the Internet of Things and Ambient Intelligence scenarios. The user study is the first stage of a research agenda that concerns the implementation of a novel conceptual framework for the design and continuous evolution of ‘sentient multimedia systems’, namely socio-technical systems, where people and many kinds of hardware/software components (sensors, robots, smart devices, web services, etc.) interact with one another through the exchange of multimedia information, to give rise to intelligent, proactive behaviors. The conceptual framework is structured along three layers - physical, inference and user – and is based on an information space of events, conditions and actions, linked together in Event-Condition-Action rules and operating according to the interconnection metaphor. The results of the user study have provided some indications for the implementation of the user layer, suggesting which could be the most suitable interaction style for rule design by a community of end users (e.g. a family) and which issues should be addressed in such a wide context.

Two methods are proposed for collective knowledge extraction from questionnaires with ordinal scales and dichotomous questions. Both methods are based on a three-way decision procedure and a statistical method aimed at attaining statistical significance of the above decision. One method is aimed at giving an (absolute) assessment of “objects” according to a given “criterion” and the other one at producing a relative ranking of the “objects”. A criterion can be related to one or more questionnaire items (usually questions or statements). In this latter case a method to compose ordinal items in aggregate scores is also given. The paper also presents two various case studies that illustrate the methods and give motivations for their application in different domains where the knowledge of a community or any distributed group of experts can be externalized (in terms of users' perceptions, attitudes, opinions, choices) with a structured closed-ended questionnaire.

The Betic Ophiolites consist of numerous tectonic slices, metric to kilometric in size, of eclogitized mafic and ultramafic rocks associated to oceanic metasediments, deriving from the Betic oceanic domain. The outcrop of these ophiolites is aligned along 250 km in the Mulhacén Complex of the Nevado-Filábride Domain, located at the center-eastern zone of the Betic Cordillera (SE Spain). According to petrological/geochemical inferences and SHRIMP (Sensitive High Resolution Ion Micro-Probe) dating of igneous zircons, the Betic oceanic lithosphere originated along an ultra-slow mid-ocean ridge, after rifting, thinning and breakup of the preexisting continental crust. The Betic oceanic sector, located at the westernmost end of the Tethys Ocean, developed from the Lower to Middle Jurassic (185–170 Ma), just at the beginning of the Pangaea break-up between the Iberia-European and the Africa-Adrian plates. Subsequently, the oceanic spreading migrated northeastward to form the Ligurian and Alpine Tethys oceans, from 165 to 140 Ma. Breakup and oceanization isolated continental remnants, known as the Mesomediterranean Terrane, which were deformed and affected by the Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene Eo-Alpine high-pressure metamorphic event, due to the intra-oceanic subduction of the Jurassic oceanic lithosphere and the related continental margins. This process was followed by the partial exhumation of the subducted oceanic rocks onto their continental margins, forming the Betic and Alpine Ophiolites. Subsequently, along the Upper Oligocene and Miocene, the deformed and metamorphosed Mesomediterranean Terrane was dismembered into different continental blocks collectively known as AlKaPeCa microplate (Alboran, Kabylian, Peloritan and Calabrian). In particular, the Alboran block was displaced toward the SW to occupy its current setting between the Iberian and African plates, due to the Neogene opening of the Algero-Provençal Basin. During this translation, the different domains of the

La publicación aborda asuntos fundamentales relativos a la integración de las NAMAs y de acciones de mitigación en general dentro de políticas y acciones nacionales de desarrollo y cambio climático. Esta publicación presenta vías prácticas de cómo conducer análisis de barreras que lideren y faciliten la formulación adecuada de NAMAs y acciones de mitigación. Asimismo, se elaboran y presentan entornos habilitantes y análisis de riesgo que son fáciles de leer por parte de profesionales de NAMA, a fin de apoyarles en el apalancamiento de inversión local y en el acceso a financiamiento internacional.

This paper focuses on the main question whether so- cial media specifically conceived to enable local exchange trading schema can be adopted in different contexts than the western digitized society, where those systems have been considered a feasible alternative to money-based capitalism. We report a qualitative study employing fo- cus groups to study the factors which may affect the adoption of these social media in Bangladesh, a de- veloping country that exhibits characteristics such as strong young unemployment, gender-oriented underem- ployment, aging population, but also a reduced access to the service economy due to the lack of spare time. The benefits of local exchange seem to be particularly fitting the urban and social structure of Bangladesh.