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Racism and lack of self-determination in health care perpetuate injury and injustice to Aboriginal people. To instil cultural safety at individual, organisational, community and systems levels, a key site of action has been health professional education that seeks to elicit reflexivity, cultural humility and a working understanding of Aboriginal health concepts. Studies in Aboriginal community settings show Family Well Being (FWB) empowerment education is effective in supporting personal and collective reflexivity and transformation through empowering life skills development. Implementation of FWB within educational settings shows early signs of effectiveness among students. Yet knowledge of the steps and processes of student change is lacking. This mixed methods explanatory case study sought to measure and understand change in postgraduate students of a leading Australian university learning about Aboriginal health and wellbeing through blended delivery, including through face-to-face immersion in FWB in an urban classroom. Three interrelated studies investigated fidelity and acceptability of the program, measured and analysed growth and empowerment in students, and explained processes of change observed, through thematic analysis of asynchronous online discussions using lenses based on transformative learning and empowerment. Researcher reflexivity was promoted by Aboriginal supervision. Over six years, 194 students enrolled in two different Aboriginal public health courses, 85 of them in the FWB course. As well as achieving program fidelity and acceptability, pre/post-course change in students across a range of emotional empowerment, personal growth and life-long learning processes was measured in the FWB group. Thematic analysis revealed students’ fluid and recursive processes of transformative learning in their professional selves and capacities to act in domains important to Aboriginal health. This case study contributes new knowledge critical to strengthening

Racism and lack of self-determination in health care perpetuate injury and injustice to Aboriginal people. To instil cultural safety at individual, organisational, community and systems levels, a key site of action has been health professional education that seeks to elicit reflexivity, cultural humility and a working understanding of Aboriginal health concepts. Studies in Aboriginal community settings show Family Well Being (FWB) empowerment education is effective in supporting personal and collective reflexivity and transformation through empowering life skills development. Implementation of FWB within educational settings shows early signs of effectiveness among students. Yet knowledge of the steps and processes of student change is lacking. This mixed methods explanatory case study sought to measure and understand change in postgraduate students of a leading Australian university learning about Aboriginal health and wellbeing through blended delivery, including through face-to-face immersion in FWB in an urban classroom. Three interrelated studies investigated fidelity and acceptability of the program, measured and analysed growth and empowerment in students, and explained processes of change observed, through thematic analysis of asynchronous online discussions using lenses based on transformative learning and empowerment. Researcher reflexivity was promoted by Aboriginal supervision. Over six years, 194 students enrolled in two different Aboriginal public health courses, 85 of them in the FWB course. As well as achieving program fidelity and acceptability, pre/post-course change in students across a range of emotional empowerment, personal growth and life-long learning processes was measured in the FWB group. Thematic analysis revealed students’ fluid and recursive processes of transformative learning in their professional selves and capacities to act in domains important to Aboriginal health. This case study contributes new knowledge critical to strengthening

The Homelessness Monitor series is a longitudinal study providing an independent analysis of the homelessness impacts of recent economic and policy developments in Wales and elsewhere in the UK. This fourth Wales-focused report provides an account of how homelessness stands in 2021 (or as close to 2021 as data availability allows), and covers a period dominated by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as intense policy activity on homelessness in Wales. It is also the first Wales Monitor in which we offer detailed modelling estimates and forward projections of extreme forms of ‘core’ homelessness.

The Homelessness Monitor series is a longitudinal studyproviding an independent analysis of the homelessnessimpacts of recent economic and policy developmentsin Scotland and elsewhere in the UK.1 This fourthScotland-focused report provides an account of howhomelessness stands in 2021 (or as close to 2021 asdata availability allows), and covers a period dominatedby the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as intense policyactivity on homelessness in Scotland. It is also the firstScotland monitor in which we offer detailed modellingestimates and forward projections of extreme forms of‘core’ homelessness.

This study provides an independent analysis of the impact on homelessness from recent economic and policy developments in England. It considers the impact of housing market development and relevant policy innovations witnessed during the 2010s. This ninth annual report provides an account of how homelessness stands in England in 2020, and analyses key trends in the period running up to 2020. This year’s report focuses in particular on impacts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. It draws on a cohort of local authority, government and NGO stakeholder interviews, as well as statistical and policy analysis. For the first time this year, it also includes homelessness projections.

Next generation risk assessment (NGRA) is an exposure-led, hypothesis-driven approach that has the potential to support animal-free safety decision-making. However, significant effort is needed to develop and test the in vitro and in silico (computational) approaches that underpin NGRA to enable confident application in a regulatory context. A workshop was held in Montreal in 2019 to discuss where effort needs to be focussed and to agree on the steps needed to ensure safety decisions made on cosmetic ingredients are robust and protective. Workshop participants explored whether NGRA for cosmetic ingredients can be protective of human health, and reviewed examples of NGRA for cosmetic ingredients. From the limited examples available, it is clear that NGRA is still in its infancy, and further case studies are needed to determine whether safety decisions are sufficiently protective and not overly conservative. Seven areas were identified to help progress application of NGRA, including further investments in case studies that elaborate on scenarios frequently encountered by industry and regulators, including those where a 'high risk' conclusion would be expected. These will provide confidence that the tools and approaches can reliably discern differing levels of risk. Furthermore, frameworks to guide performance and reporting should be developed.

Decades of research conducted in Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, & Democratic (WEIRD) societies have led many scholars to conclude that the use of mental states in moral judgment is a human cognitive universal, perhaps an adaptive strategy for selecting optimal social partners from a large pool of candidates. However, recent work from a more diverse array of societies suggests there may be important variation in how much people rely on mental states, with people in some societies judging accidental harms just as harshly as intentional ones. To explain this variation, we develop and test a novel cultural evolutionary theory proposing that the intensity of kin-based institutions will favor less attention to mental states when judging moral violations. First, to better illuminate the historical distribution of the use of intentions in moral judgment, we code and analyze anthropological observations from the Human Area Relations Files. This analysis shows that notions of strict liability—wherein the role for mental states is reduced—were common across diverse societies around the globe. Then, by expanding an existing vignette-based experimental dataset containing observations from 321 people in a diverse sample of 10 societies, we show that the intensity of a society's kin-based institutions can explain a substantial portion of the population-level variation in people's reliance on intentions in three different kinds of moral judgments. Together, these lines of evidence suggest that people's use of mental states has coevolved culturally to fit their local kin-based institutions. We suggest that although reliance on mental states has likely been a feature of moral judgment in human communities over historical and evolutionary time, the relational fluidity and weak kin ties of today's WEIRD societies position these populations' psychology at the extreme end of the global and historical spectrum.

Guinea pigs (Cavia spp.) have a long association with humans. From as early as 10,000 years ago they were a wild food source. Later, domesticated Cavia porcellus were dispersed well beyond their native range through pre-Columbian exchange networks and, more recently, widely across the globe. Here we present 46 complete mitogenomes of archaeological guinea pigs from sites in Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, the Caribbean, Belgium and the United States to elucidate their evolutionary history, origins and paths of dispersal. Our results indicate an independent centre of domestication of Cavia in the eastern Colombian Highlands. We identify a Peruvian origin for the initial introduction of domesticated guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) beyond South America into the Caribbean. We also demonstrate that Peru was the probable source of the earliest known guinea pigs transported, as part of the exotic pet trade, to both Europe and the southeastern United States. Finally, we identify a modern reintroduction of guinea pigs to Puerto Rico, where local inhabitants use them for food. This research demonstrates that the natural and cultural history of guinea pigs is more complex than previously known and has implications for other studies regarding regional to global-scale studies of mammal domestication, translocation, and distribution.

The rhetoric and practice of localism has attracted significant support within both political and academic circles in the UK in recent years. However, it is the contention of this article that there are, or should be, limits to localism as applied to the basic citizenship rights of vulnerable people. Drawing on a ten-year, mixed-methods study, we use the example of sharply rising homelessness in England to illustrate our argument that localist policymaking has an intrinsic tendency to disadvantage socially marginalised groups. While we acknowledge the central role played by austerity in driving up homelessness over the past decade, we advance the case that the post-2010 localist agenda of successive UK governments has also had an independent and malign effect. At the very least, we seek to demonstrate that localism cannot be viewed as a taken-for-granted progressive model, with centralism (that is, the consistent implementation of a policy across a whole country) also perfectly defensible on progressive grounds in relevant circumstances.

This study provides an independent analysis of the homelessness impacts of recent economic and policy developments in Northern Ireland. It considers both the consequences of the post-2007 economic and housing market recession, and the subsequent recovery, and also the impact of policy changes implemented under the post-2010 UK Governments, as well as relevant Northern Ireland Executive policies.

Decades of research conducted in Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, & Democratic (WEIRD) societies have led many scholars to conclude that the use of mental states in moral judgment is a human cognitive universal, perhaps an adaptive strategy for selecting optimal social partners from a large pool of candidates. However, recent work from a more diverse array of societies suggests there may be important variation in how much people rely on mental states, with people in some societies judging accidental harms just as harshly as intentional ones. To explain this variation, we develop and test a novel cultural evolutionary theory proposing that the intensity of kin-based institutions will favor less attention to mental states when judging moral violations. First, to better illuminate the historical distribution of the use of intentions in moral judgment, we code and analyze anthropological observations from the Human Area Relations Files. This analysis shows that notions of strict liability—wherein the role for mental states is reduced—were common across diverse societies around the globe. Then, by expanding an existing vignette-based experimental dataset containing observations from 321 people in a diverse sample of 10 societies, we show that the intensity of a society's kin-based institutions can explain a substantial portion of the population-level variation in people's reliance on intentions in three different kinds of moral judgments. Together, these lines of evidence suggest that people's use of mental states has coevolved culturally to fit their local kin-based institutions. We suggest that although reliance on mental states has likely been a feature of moral judgment in human communities over historical and evolutionary time, the relational fluidity and weak kin ties of today's WEIRD societies position these populations' psychology at the extreme end of the global and historical spectrum.

The metabolic response to endotoxemia closely mimics those seen in sepsis. Here, we show that the urinary excretion of the metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is dramatically suppressed following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration in vivo, and in human septic patients. We further show that enhanced activation of the enzymes responsible for 2-HG degradation, D- and L-2-HGDH, underlie this effect. To determine the role of supplementation with 2HG, we carried out co-administration of LPS and 2HG. This co-administration in mice modulates a number of aspects of physiological responses to LPS, and in particular, protects against LPS-induced hypothermia. Our results identify a novel role for 2HG in endotoxemia pathophysiology, and suggest that this metabolite may be a critical diagnostic and therapeutic target for sepsis. © Copyright © 2020 Fitzpatrick, Lambden, Macias, Puthucheary, Pietsch, Mendil, McPhail and Johnson.

The metabolic response to endotoxemia closely mimics those seen in sepsis. Here, we show that the urinary excretion of the metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is dramatically suppressed following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration in vivo, and in human septic patients. We further show that enhanced activation of the enzymes responsible for 2-HG degradation, D- and L-2-HGDH, underlie this effect. To determine the role of supplementation with 2HG, we carried out co-administration of LPS and 2HG. This co-administration in mice modulates a number of aspects of physiological responses to LPS, and in particular, protects against LPS-induced hypothermia. Our results identify a novel role for 2HG in endotoxemia pathophysiology, and suggest that this metabolite may be a critical diagnostic and therapeutic target for sepsis. © Copyright © 2020 Fitzpatrick, Lambden, Macias, Puthucheary, Pietsch, Mendil, McPhail and Johnson.

The metabolic response to endotoxemia closely mimics those seen in sepsis. Here, we show that the urinary excretion of the metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is dramatically suppressed following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration in vivo, and in human septic patients. We further show that enhanced activation of the enzymes responsible for 2-HG degradation, D- and L-2-HGDH, underlie this effect. To determine the role of supplementation with 2HG, we carried out co-administration of LPS and 2HG. This co-administration in mice modulates a number of aspects of physiological responses to LPS, and in particular, protects against LPS-induced hypothermia. Our results identify a novel role for 2HG in endotoxemia pathophysiology, and suggest that this metabolite may be a critical diagnostic and therapeutic target for sepsis. © Copyright © 2020 Fitzpatrick, Lambden, Macias, Puthucheary, Pietsch, Mendil, McPhail and Johnson.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander concepts of social and emotional wellbeing have long informed national policy and medical practice guidelines (NATSILMH 2018). However, little attention has been given as to how public health educators can best instil in multidisciplinary groups of professionals an understanding of, and the skills to apply, such concepts. According to Delany and others, transformative approaches that stimulate an examination of different perspectives and values are required (Delany et al. 2016; NHMRC 2018). This case study describes the application of such an approach through embedding Stage One of the Family Well Being (FWB) program in the 13-week postgraduate ‘Aboriginal Health and Wellbeing Across the Lifespan’ (Lifespan) course delivered by the School of Public Health and Community Medicine at UNSW Sydney each year between 2011 and 2015. It explores students’ responses to FWB as a transformative learning tool, and its role in ‘changing the lens’ through which students viewed Aboriginal social and emotional wellbeing.

The homelessness monitor is a longitudinal study providing an independent analysis of the homelessness impacts of recent economic and policy developments across the UK. Separate reports are produced for each of the UK nations. This eighth annual report updates our account of how homelessness stands in England in 2019, or as close to 2019 as data availability allows. It also highlights emerging trends and forecasts some of the likely future changes, identifying the developments likely to have the most significant impacts on homelessness.

The Homelessness Monitor series is a longitudinal study providing an independent analysis of the homelessness impacts of recent economic and policy developments in Scotland and elsewhere in the UK. This update report provides an account of how homelessness stands in Scotland in 2018, or as close to 2018 as data availability allows, and how things have changed since the last Homelessness Monitor Scotland report was published in 2015

The homelessness monitor is a longitudinal study providing an independent analysis of the homelessness impacts of recent economic and policy developments in England. It considers both the consequences of the post-2007 economic and housing market recession, and the subsequent recovery, and also the impact of policy changes.This seventh annual report updates our account of how homelessness stands in England in 2018, or as close to 2018 as data availability allows. It also highlights emerging trends and forecasts some of the likely future changes, identifying the developments likely to have the most significant impacts on homelessness.While this report focuses on England, parallel Homelessness Monitors are being published for other parts of the UK.

The Homelessness Monitor series is a longitudinal study providing an independent analysis of the homelessness impacts of recent economic and policy developments in Wales and elsewhere in the UK. This update report provides an account of how homelessness stands in Wales in 2017, or as close to 2017 as data availability allows.

The homelessness monitor series is a longitudinal study providing an independent analysis of the homelessness impacts of recent economic and policy developments in England and elsewhere in the UK.1 This sixthannual report updates our account of how homelessness stands in England in 2017, or as close to 2017 as data availability allows.

Despite growing numbers of patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy in outpatient settings and the corresponding increase in care demands on family and close friends, little is known about the experiences of those informal carers supporting people with cancer during their chemotherapy trajectories. Using an interpretivist theoretical framework, this study explored the experiences of primary support persons of chemotherapy outpatients through in-depth interviews with 17 participants nominated as their primary support persons by people receiving chemotherapy at a large tertiary hospital in Australia. The study demonstrates that primary support persons of chemotherapy outpatients face distinct challenges, being at the frontline of treatment and managing side effects with minimal support at home. This role involves sensitive provision of complex medical and social care in circumstances that profoundly challenge the everyday worlds of both patient and carer. From the moment of diagnosis, informal carers in this context face the 'double whammy' of needing to 'manage' the cancer diagnosis experience as well as the chemotherapy trajectory experience. This study points to the significant level of responsibility that primary support persons take on, and the extent to which patients and clinicians rely on their support and management skills. It also points, however, to the lack of recognition they receive for assuming this role, and their sense of frustration in the face of this invisibility. The conceptualisation of the informal carer role as a 'shadowing' role explicitly represents the protective, vigilant, but almost invisible, support role described by the participants in this study.

Despite growing numbers of patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy in outpatient settings and the corresponding increase in care demands on family and close friends, little is known about the experiences of those informal carers supporting people with cancer during their chemotherapy trajectories. Using an interpretivist theoretical framework, this study explored the experiences of primary support persons of chemotherapy outpatients through in-depth interviews with 17 participants nominated as their primary support persons by people receiving chemotherapy at a large tertiary hospital in Australia. The study demonstrates that primary support persons of chemotherapy outpatients face distinct challenges, being at the frontline of treatment and managing side effects with minimal support at home. This role involves sensitive provision of complex medical and social care in circumstances that profoundly challenge the everyday worlds of both patient and carer. From the moment of diagnosis, informal carers in this context face the 'double whammy' of needing to 'manage' the cancer diagnosis experience as well as the chemotherapy trajectory experience. This study points to the significant level of responsibility that primary support persons take on, and the extent to which patients and clinicians rely on their support and management skills. It also points, however, to the lack of recognition they receive for assuming this role, and their sense of frustration in the face of this invisibility. The conceptualisation of the informal carer role as a 'shadowing' role explicitly represents the protective, vigilant, but almost invisible, support role described by the participants in this study.

We consider a variation of the Cops and Robber game where the cops can only see the robber when the distance between them is at most a fixed parameter $\ell$. We consider the basic consequences of this definition for some simple graph families, and show that this model is not monotonic, unlike common models where the robber is invisible. We see that cops' strategy consists of a phase in which they need to "see" the robber (move within distance $\ell$ of the robber), followed by a phase in which they capture the robber. In some graphs the first phase is the most resource intensive phase (in terms of number of cops needed), while in other graphs, it is the second phase. Finally, we characterize those trees for which $k$ cops are sufficient to guarantee capture of the robber for all $\ell \ge 1$., Comment: 22 pages

The homelessness monitor is a longitudinal study providing an independent analysis of the homelessness impacts of recent economic and policy developments in England. It considers both the consequences of the post-2007 economic and housing market recession, and thesubsequent recovery, and also the impact of policy changes. This fifth annual report updates our account of how homelessness stands in England in 2016, or as close to 2016 as data availability allows. It also highlights emerging trends and forecasts some of the likely future changes, identifying the developments likely to have the most significant impacts on homelessness. While this report focuses on England, parallel homelessness monitors are published for other parts of the UK.

The Homelessness Monitor series is a longitudinal study providing an independent analysis of the homelessness impacts of recent economic and policy developments in Northern Ireland and elsewhere in the UK.1This updated report provides an account of how homelessness stands in Northern Ireland in 2016, or as close to 2016 as data availability allows.

Little is known about how employers and trade unions deal with work-related death, even in higher risk industries. This study examines union and employer responses to work-related death. Drawing oninterviews conducted with 48 representatives from the key organisations involved in workplace death in Australia, the aim was not only to determine how employers and unions see their respective roles,but also how other organisations (safety regulators, insurers, compensation authorities and family support/advocacy groups) perceive their activities. The findings identify critical institutional relationships and their implications for both industrial relations and victim’s families. They show areas of agreement and disagreement between unions and employers. They also highlight the impact of changes to work arrangements and industrial relations, most notably the growth of self-employment/subcontracting and declining union density, on the experience of families. The study also points to the support role provided by unions as another dimension of their contribution to social capital and how some recent initiatives were extending these activities.

The Homelessness Monitor series is a five year study that provides an independent analysis of the homelessness impacts of recent economic and policy developments in Scotland and elsewhere in the UK. This update report provides an account of how homelessness stands in Scotland in 2015 and how things have changed since the ‘baseline’ Homelessness Monitor Scotland report was published in 2012

The homelessness monitor is a longitudinal study that provides an independent analysis of the impact on homelessness of recent economic and policy developments across the UK. The key areas of interest are the homelessness consequences of the post-2007 economic recession, and the subsequent recovery, as well as welfare reform and cuts. Separate reports are produced for each UK nation. This year’s Wales report monitors the impact on homelessness of the slow pace of economic recovery and the effects of welfare and housing reform and analyses key trends from the baseline account of homelessness established in 2012 up until 2015. It also highlights emerging trends and forecasts some of the likely changes, identifying the developments likely to have the most significant impacts on homelessness in Wales.

This resource is the result of the combined efforts of many people and organisations. It was commissioned by the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Healing Foundation in response to a need identified by the Foundation’s Stolen Generations Reference Committee. It was developed by Muru Marri, an academic unit at the School of Public Health and Medicine, UNSW Australia, with input from Healing Foundation staff and Reference Committee members and other key stakeholders around the country. The purpose of the resource is to:• Strengthen and build upon the work already being done in the community by Stolen Generations members, organisations and groups to provide collective healing responses.• Encourage the inclusion of collective healing responses in services provided to the Stolen Generations, including supportgroups, group therapy programs, day trips on country, healing circles, healing camps and reunions.• Improve the range and quality of social and emotional wellbeing and healing programs available to the Stolen Generations, in particular first generation survivors.It is intended that the published resource will be made available to Stolen Generations members, organisations and groups; and to other Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous organisations and practitioners involved in the delivery of services to Stolen Generations members. Its primary purpose is to support good practice. It may also be used to seek support from government for the inclusion of collective healing responses in their funded programs.

Evidence of mental ill-health and social and emotional problems among Australia’s Indigenous young people can be found across most measures of health, education, employment and involvement in the justicesystem. Countering this are the reports of programs and projects that have assisted Indigenous young people to succeed in life by overcoming adversity and building strength and resilience. This report presents a cross case analysis and metasynthesis of key findings of six case studies of social and emotional wellbeing programs for Aboriginal youth across Australia. It provides a set of Critical Success Factors to guide policy, resource allocation and practice in the field that are considered to be essential for effectiveness, sustainability, ability to grow in scope and reach and to achieve full potential.

In this short note, we supply a new upper bound on the cop number in terms of tree decompositions. Our results in some cases extend a previously derived bound on the cop number using treewidth.

If, in their partner choice, males seek direct benefits (fecund females), the result will be selection for traits indicating female quality rather than for arbitrary (Fisherian) traits. However, the costs of developing and maintaining the sexually selecte, Addresses: FITZPATRICK S, UNIV ULSTER, SCH APPL BIOL & CHEM SCI, NEWTOWNABBEY BT37 0QB, ANTRIM, NORTH IRELAND. UNIV UPPSALA, DEPT ZOOL, S-75236 UPPSALA, SWEDEN. UNIV TRONDHEIM, DEPT ZOOL, N-7055 DRAGVOLL, NORWAY.

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1385915%5DMICH-V-1385915, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1385915/MICH-V-1385915/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1385915%5DMICH-V-1385915, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1385915/MICH-V-1385915/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy