Search

Oil sands surface mining operations in northeastern, Alberta, Canada produce enormous volumes of fluid fine tailings, an aqueous suspension of fine clays, sand, unrecovered bitumen, and diluent hydrocarbons. The tailings are deposited and retained on-site in large settling basins where the colloidal solids sediment and consolidate very slowly by gravity and pore water collects at the surface for re-use. Tailings “biodensification”, mediated by indigenous microbes that produce methane and/or carbon dioxide, is a phenomenon observed in situ and in vitro whereby tailings with active anaerobic microbial communities consolidate and de-water faster than predicted by gravitational (self-weighted) consolidation alone. To exploit this phenomenon, we used organic amendments to stimulate endogenous anaerobic tailings microorganisms. Tailings from three different operators were amended with agri-business by-products, placed in 100-mL microcosms and 1.5-L settling columns, and monitored for methanogenesis, pore water recovery, and solids densification. Several amendments increased methane production and accelerated biodensification compared to unamended and negative controls. Hydrolyzed canola, blood meal, bone meal and glycerol generally accelerated biodensification, stimulated methane production and supported growth of methanogens and fermentative microbes. Amendment altered the chemistry of the tailings, generally decreasing pH, increasing conductivity and magnesium, potassium, sodium, and bicarbonate concentrations. Biodensification is a potential engineered technology for accelerating water recovery and reducing the volume of stored oil sands tailings., Resumen Introducción: La extracción de hidrocarburos en el Noreste de Alberta, en Canadá, genera una gran cantidad de residuos conocidos como “arenas de alquitrán”. Las arenas de alquitrán son una suspensión acuosa de arcillas finas, arena, betún de petróleo e hidrocarburos. Estos residuos son depositados y retenidos en estanques de sedimentación, donde los sólidos coloidales precipitan y se concentran muy lentamente por efecto de la gravedad y el agua intersticial que se libera se colecta para reúso. La concentración, también llamada densificación, de las arenas de alquitrán mediada por los microorganismos nativos que producen metano o dioxido de carbono, es un fenómeno observado in situ e in vitro, a través del cual, los residuos se precipitan, y se libera agua intersticial más rápidamente que la sedimentación por gravedad. Método: En este trabajo, se aplicaron enmiendas orgánicas para estimular la actividad de microorganismos nativos de los estanques de sedimentación, con el objetivo de acelerar la densificación y liberación de agua intersticial. Se utilizaron muestras de arenas de alquitrán de tres distintas compañías petroleras (Syncrude Canada Ltd.; Suncor Energy Inc.; y Shell Albian Sands), y se enmendaron en condiciones anaeróbicas con seis materias primas de la industria agrícola: (residuos de la extracción de aceite de canola; harina de huesos y harina de sangre de res hidrolizados; suero de leche hidrolizado; glicerol y granos secos de maíz usados para la producción de cerveza y bioetanol). Se utilizó acetato de sodio como control positivo de metanogénesis y 2-bromoetanosulfonato (BES) 10 mM como inhibidor específico de metanogénesis. Los experimentos de densificación se realizaron en botellas serológicas de 100 ml en condiciones anaeróbicas, y en columnas de sedimentación de vidrio de 1.5 L; y se siguió la producción de metano, recuperación de agua intersticial y densificación. Se tomaron muestras durante los experimentos para la cuantificación de bacter

Oil sands surface mining operations in northeastern, Alberta, Canada produce enormous volumes of fluid fine tailings, an aqueous suspension of fine clays, sand, unrecovered bitumen, and diluent hydrocarbons. The tailings are deposited and retained on-site in large settling basins where the colloidal solids sediment and consolidate very slowly by gravity and pore water collects at the surface for re-use. Tailings “biodensification”, mediated by indigenous microbes that produce methane and/or carbon dioxide, is a phenomenon observed in situ and in vitro whereby tailings with active anaerobic microbial communities consolidate and de-water faster than predicted by gravitational (self-weighted) consolidation alone. To exploit this phenomenon, we used organic amendments to stimulate endogenous anaerobic tailings microorganisms. Tailings from three different operators were amended with agri-business by-products, placed in 100-mL microcosms and 1.5-L settling columns, and monitored for methanogenesis, pore water recovery, and solids densification. Several amendments increased methane production and accelerated biodensification compared to unamended and negative controls. Hydrolyzed canola, blood meal, bone meal and glycerol generally accelerated biodensification, stimulated methane production and supported growth of methanogens and fermentative microbes. Amendment altered the chemistry of the tailings, generally decreasing pH, increasing conductivity and magnesium, potassium, sodium, and bicarbonate concentrations. Biodensification is a potential engineered technology for accelerating water recovery and reducing the volume of stored oil sands tailings., Resumen Introducción: La extracción de hidrocarburos en el Noreste de Alberta, en Canadá, genera una gran cantidad de residuos conocidos como “arenas de alquitrán”. Las arenas de alquitrán son una suspensión acuosa de arcillas finas, arena, betún de petróleo e hidrocarburos. Estos residuos son depositados y retenidos en estanques de sedimentación, donde los sólidos coloidales precipitan y se concentran muy lentamente por efecto de la gravedad y el agua intersticial que se libera se colecta para reúso. La concentración, también llamada densificación, de las arenas de alquitrán mediada por los microorganismos nativos que producen metano o dioxido de carbono, es un fenómeno observado in situ e in vitro, a través del cual, los residuos se precipitan, y se libera agua intersticial más rápidamente que la sedimentación por gravedad. Método: En este trabajo, se aplicaron enmiendas orgánicas para estimular la actividad de microorganismos nativos de los estanques de sedimentación, con el objetivo de acelerar la densificación y liberación de agua intersticial. Se utilizaron muestras de arenas de alquitrán de tres distintas compañías petroleras (Syncrude Canada Ltd.; Suncor Energy Inc.; y Shell Albian Sands), y se enmendaron en condiciones anaeróbicas con seis materias primas de la industria agrícola: (residuos de la extracción de aceite de canola; harina de huesos y harina de sangre de res hidrolizados; suero de leche hidrolizado; glicerol y granos secos de maíz usados para la producción de cerveza y bioetanol). Se utilizó acetato de sodio como control positivo de metanogénesis y 2-bromoetanosulfonato (BES) 10 mM como inhibidor específico de metanogénesis. Los experimentos de densificación se realizaron en botellas serológicas de 100 ml en condiciones anaeróbicas, y en columnas de sedimentación de vidrio de 1.5 L; y se siguió la producción de metano, recuperación de agua intersticial y densificación. Se tomaron muestras durante los experimentos para la cuantificación de bacter

Oil sands surface mining operations in northeastern, Alberta, Canada produce enormous volumes of fluid fine tailings, an aqueous suspension of fine clays, sand, unrecovered bitumen, and diluent hydrocarbons. The tailings are deposited and retained on-site in large settling basins where the colloidal solids sediment and consolidate very slowly by gravity and pore water collects at the surface for re-use. Tailings “biodensification”, mediated by indigenous microbes that produce methane and/or carbon dioxide, is a phenomenon observed in situ and in vitro whereby tailings with active anaerobic microbial communities consolidate and de-water faster than predicted by gravitational (self-weighted) consolidation alone. To exploit this phenomenon, we used organic amendments to stimulate endogenous anaerobic tailings microorganisms. Tailings from three different operators were amended with agri-business by-products, placed in 100-mL microcosms and 1.5-L settling columns, and monitored for methanogenesis, pore water recovery, and solids densification. Several amendments increased methane production and accelerated biodensification compared to unamended and negative controls. Hydrolyzed canola, blood meal, bone meal and glycerol generally accelerated biodensification, stimulated methane production and supported growth of methanogens and fermentative microbes. Amendment altered the chemistry of the tailings, generally decreasing pH, increasing conductivity and magnesium, potassium, sodium, and bicarbonate concentrations. Biodensification is a potential engineered technology for accelerating water recovery and reducing the volume of stored oil sands tailings., Resumen Introducción: La extracción de hidrocarburos en el Noreste de Alberta, en Canadá, genera una gran cantidad de residuos conocidos como “arenas de alquitrán”. Las arenas de alquitrán son una suspensión acuosa de arcillas finas, arena, betún de petróleo e hidrocarburos. Estos residuos son depositados y retenidos en estanques de sedimentación, donde los sólidos coloidales precipitan y se concentran muy lentamente por efecto de la gravedad y el agua intersticial que se libera se colecta para reúso. La concentración, también llamada densificación, de las arenas de alquitrán mediada por los microorganismos nativos que producen metano o dioxido de carbono, es un fenómeno observado in situ e in vitro, a través del cual, los residuos se precipitan, y se libera agua intersticial más rápidamente que la sedimentación por gravedad. Método: En este trabajo, se aplicaron enmiendas orgánicas para estimular la actividad de microorganismos nativos de los estanques de sedimentación, con el objetivo de acelerar la densificación y liberación de agua intersticial. Se utilizaron muestras de arenas de alquitrán de tres distintas compañías petroleras (Syncrude Canada Ltd.; Suncor Energy Inc.; y Shell Albian Sands), y se enmendaron en condiciones anaeróbicas con seis materias primas de la industria agrícola: (residuos de la extracción de aceite de canola; harina de huesos y harina de sangre de res hidrolizados; suero de leche hidrolizado; glicerol y granos secos de maíz usados para la producción de cerveza y bioetanol). Se utilizó acetato de sodio como control positivo de metanogénesis y 2-bromoetanosulfonato (BES) 10 mM como inhibidor específico de metanogénesis. Los experimentos de densificación se realizaron en botellas serológicas de 100 ml en condiciones anaeróbicas, y en columnas de sedimentación de vidrio de 1.5 L; y se siguió la producción de metano, recuperación de agua intersticial y densificación. Se tomaron muestras durante los experimentos para la cuantificación de bacter

Syntrophy among Archaea and Bacteria facilitates the anaerobic degra- dation of organic compounds to CH4 and CO2 . Particularly during aliphatic and aro- matic hydrocarbon mineralization, as in the case of crude oil reservoirs and petroleum-contaminated sediments, metabolic interactions between obligate mutu- alistic microbial partners are of central importance. Using micromanipulation com- bined with shotgun metagenomic approaches, we describe the genomes of complex consortia within short-chain alkane-degrading cultures operating under methano- genic conditions. Metabolic reconstruction revealed that only a small fraction of genes in the metagenome-assembled genomes encode the capacity for fermenta- tion of alkanes facilitated by energy conservation linked to H2 metabolism. Instead, the presence of inferred lifestyles based on scavenging anabolic products and inter- mediate fermentation products derived from detrital biomass was a common fea- ture. Additionally, inferred auxotrophy for vitamins and amino acids suggests that the hydrocarbon-degrading microbial assemblages are structured and maintained by multiple interactions beyond the canonical H2 -producing and syntrophic alkane degrader-methanogen partnership. Compared to previous work, our report points to a higher order of complexity in microbial consortia engaged in anaerobic hydrocar- bon transformation. IMPORTANCE

Syntrophy among Archaea and Bacteria facilitates the anaerobic degra- dation of organic compounds to CH4 and CO2 . Particularly during aliphatic and aro- matic hydrocarbon mineralization, as in the case of crude oil reservoirs and petroleum-contaminated sediments, metabolic interactions between obligate mutu- alistic microbial partners are of central importance. Using micromanipulation com- bined with shotgun metagenomic approaches, we describe the genomes of complex consortia within short-chain alkane-degrading cultures operating under methano- genic conditions. Metabolic reconstruction revealed that only a small fraction of genes in the metagenome-assembled genomes encode the capacity for fermenta- tion of alkanes facilitated by energy conservation linked to H2 metabolism. Instead, the presence of inferred lifestyles based on scavenging anabolic products and inter- mediate fermentation products derived from detrital biomass was a common fea- ture. Additionally, inferred auxotrophy for vitamins and amino acids suggests that the hydrocarbon-degrading microbial assemblages are structured and maintained by multiple interactions beyond the canonical H2 -producing and syntrophic alkane degrader-methanogen partnership. Compared to previous work, our report points to a higher order of complexity in microbial consortia engaged in anaerobic hydrocar- bon transformation. IMPORTANCE

Syntrophy among Archaea and Bacteria facilitates the anaerobic degra- dation of organic compounds to CH4 and CO2 . Particularly during aliphatic and aro- matic hydrocarbon mineralization, as in the case of crude oil reservoirs and petroleum-contaminated sediments, metabolic interactions between obligate mutu- alistic microbial partners are of central importance. Using micromanipulation com- bined with shotgun metagenomic approaches, we describe the genomes of complex consortia within short-chain alkane-degrading cultures operating under methano- genic conditions. Metabolic reconstruction revealed that only a small fraction of genes in the metagenome-assembled genomes encode the capacity for fermenta- tion of alkanes facilitated by energy conservation linked to H2 metabolism. Instead, the presence of inferred lifestyles based on scavenging anabolic products and inter- mediate fermentation products derived from detrital biomass was a common fea- ture. Additionally, inferred auxotrophy for vitamins and amino acids suggests that the hydrocarbon-degrading microbial assemblages are structured and maintained by multiple interactions beyond the canonical H2 -producing and syntrophic alkane degrader-methanogen partnership. Compared to previous work, our report points to a higher order of complexity in microbial consortia engaged in anaerobic hydrocar- bon transformation. IMPORTANCE

Syntrophy among Archaea and Bacteria facilitates the anaerobic degra- dation of organic compounds to CH4 and CO2 . Particularly during aliphatic and aro- matic hydrocarbon mineralization, as in the case of crude oil reservoirs and petroleum-contaminated sediments, metabolic interactions between obligate mutu- alistic microbial partners are of central importance. Using micromanipulation com- bined with shotgun metagenomic approaches, we describe the genomes of complex consortia within short-chain alkane-degrading cultures operating under methano- genic conditions. Metabolic reconstruction revealed that only a small fraction of genes in the metagenome-assembled genomes encode the capacity for fermenta- tion of alkanes facilitated by energy conservation linked to H2 metabolism. Instead, the presence of inferred lifestyles based on scavenging anabolic products and inter- mediate fermentation products derived from detrital biomass was a common fea- ture. Additionally, inferred auxotrophy for vitamins and amino acids suggests that the hydrocarbon-degrading microbial assemblages are structured and maintained by multiple interactions beyond the canonical H2 -producing and syntrophic alkane degrader-methanogen partnership. Compared to previous work, our report points to a higher order of complexity in microbial consortia engaged in anaerobic hydrocar- bon transformation. IMPORTANCE

Syntrophy among Archaea and Bacteria facilitates the anaerobic degra- dation of organic compounds to CH4 and CO2 . Particularly during aliphatic and aro- matic hydrocarbon mineralization, as in the case of crude oil reservoirs and petroleum-contaminated sediments, metabolic interactions between obligate mutu- alistic microbial partners are of central importance. Using micromanipulation com- bined with shotgun metagenomic approaches, we describe the genomes of complex consortia within short-chain alkane-degrading cultures operating under methano- genic conditions. Metabolic reconstruction revealed that only a small fraction of genes in the metagenome-assembled genomes encode the capacity for fermenta- tion of alkanes facilitated by energy conservation linked to H2 metabolism. Instead, the presence of inferred lifestyles based on scavenging anabolic products and inter- mediate fermentation products derived from detrital biomass was a common fea- ture. Additionally, inferred auxotrophy for vitamins and amino acids suggests that the hydrocarbon-degrading microbial assemblages are structured and maintained by multiple interactions beyond the canonical H2 -producing and syntrophic alkane degrader-methanogen partnership. Compared to previous work, our report points to a higher order of complexity in microbial consortia engaged in anaerobic hydrocar- bon transformation. IMPORTANCE