Search

Creative problem solving is often viewed as a search process. However, little is known about the factors that impact this process. To address this question, we conducted two studies to examine whether task characteristics and task-switching influence performance on Remote Associates Test (RAT) problems - problems commonly used to measure creativity and study the creative search process. Consistent with prior research, we found that RAT problem-solving performance was positively associated with the relatedness between the answer and the problem. The association was strongest when the amount of competition within the initial search space was low. Moreover, this interaction was observed irrespective of the methods used to measure the task characteristics. By contrast, we did not replicate the positive effect of task-switching on RAT problem-solving accuracy found in previous studies. However, our findings suggest that task-switching may improve problem-solving speed and facilitate a broader search. Implications for future research are discussed., Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-08-15 (sofila);Funder: British Academy/Leverhulme Small Research(SRG2021\210385); Research England; Bial Foundation (201/20); Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (91875827);Full text license: CC BY 4.0

Creative problem solving is often viewed as a search process. However, little is known about the factors that impact this process. To address this question, we conducted two studies to examine whether task characteristics and task-switching influence performance on Remote Associates Test (RAT) problems - problems commonly used to measure creativity and study the creative search process. Consistent with prior research, we found that RAT problem-solving performance was positively associated with the relatedness between the answer and the problem. The association was strongest when the amount of competition within the initial search space was low. Moreover, this interaction was observed irrespective of the methods used to measure the task characteristics. By contrast, we did not replicate the positive effect of task-switching on RAT problem-solving accuracy found in previous studies. However, our findings suggest that task-switching may improve problem-solving speed and facilitate a broader search. Implications for future research are discussed., Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-08-15 (sofila);Funder: British Academy/Leverhulme Small Research(SRG2021\210385); Research England; Bial Foundation (201/20); Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (91875827);Full text license: CC BY 4.0

Creative problem solving is often viewed as a search process. However, little is known about the factors that impact this process. To address this question, we conducted two studies to examine whether task characteristics and task-switching influence performance on Remote Associates Test (RAT) problems — problems commonly used to measure creativity and study the creative search process. Consistent with prior research, we found that RAT problem-solving performance was positively associated with the relatedness between the answer and the problem. The association was strongest when the amount of competition within the initial search space was low. Moreover, this interaction was observed irrespective of the methods used to measure the task characteristics. By contrast, we did not replicate the positive effect of task-switching on RAT problem-solving accuracy found in previous studies. However, our findings suggest that task-switching may improve problem-solving speed and facilitate a broader search. Implications for future research are discussed.

Creative problem solving is often viewed as a search process. However, little is known about the factors that impact this process. To address this question, we conducted two studies to examine whether task characteristics and task-switching influence performance on Remote Associates Test (RAT) problems — problems commonly used to measure creativity and study the creative search process. Consistent with prior research, we found that RAT problem-solving performance was positively associated with the relatedness between the answer and the problem. The association was strongest when the amount of competition within the initial search space was low. Moreover, this interaction was observed irrespective of the methods used to measure the task characteristics. By contrast, we did not replicate the positive effect of task-switching on RAT problem-solving accuracy found in previous studies. However, our findings suggest that task-switching may improve problem-solving speed and facilitate a broader search. Implications for future research are discussed.

There is a norm in psychology to use causally ambiguous statistical language, rather than straightforward causal language, when describing methods and results of nonexperimental studies. However, causally ambiguous language may inhibit a critical examination of the studys causal assumptions and lead to a greater acceptance of policy recommendations that rely on causal interpretations of nonexperimental findings. In a preregistered experiment, 142 psychology faculty, postdocs, and doctoral students (54% female), ages 22-67 (M = 33.20, SD = 8.96), rated the design and analysis from hypothetical studies with causally ambiguous statistical language as of higher quality (by .34-.80 SD) and as similarly or more supportive (by .16-.27 SD) of policy recommendations than studies described in straightforward causal language. Thus, using statistical rather than causal language to describe nonexperimental findings did not decrease, and may have increased, perceived support for implicitly causal conclusions.

Primary liver cancer is a rising cause of cancer deaths in the US. Although immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors induces a potent response in a subset of patients, response rates vary among individuals. Predicting which patients will respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors is of great interest in the field. In a retrospective arm of the National Cancer Institute Cancers of the Liver: Accelerating Research of Immunotherapy by a Transdisciplinary Network (NCI-CLARITY) study, we use archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples to profile the transcriptome and genomic alterations among 86 hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma patients prior to and following immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. Using supervised and unsupervised approaches, we identify stable molecular subtypes linked to overall survival and distinguished by two axes of aggressive tumor biology and microenvironmental features. Moreover, molecular responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment differ between subtypes. Thus, patients with heterogeneous liver cancer may be stratified by molecular status indicative of treatment response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Les poèmes qui composent Radiale sont des apprentissages auxquels on ne peut échapper. Dans une maison où la mémoire brûle, sous la tôle froissée qui emporte l’enfance comme l’amour, à chaque dent de lait arrachée, on rêve d’îles où se poser. Il faut s’engager, creuser en soi, porter la chute comme un habit de lumière pour s’en délivrer. Sachant ce qu’on risque de perdre à tout moment, on prie des dieux qui n’existent pas, on revisite les lieux, on se transforme, on écrit. Le cœur branle, ne tient qu’à un fil. Il va tomber ou être arraché. Tour à tour histoire d’une traque et d’un enracinement dans le vide et la matière, c’est encore et surtout une histoire à laquelle il faut croire pour rester en vie.

Les poèmes qui composent Radiale sont des apprentissages auxquels on ne peut échapper. Dans une maison où la mémoire brûle, sous la tôle froissée qui emporte l’enfance comme l’amour, à chaque dent de lait arrachée, on rêve d’îles où se poser. Il faut s’engager, creuser en soi, porter la chute comme un habit de lumière pour s’en délivrer. Sachant ce qu’on risque de perdre à tout moment, on prie des dieux qui n’existent pas, on revisite les lieux, on se transforme, on écrit. Le cœur branle, ne tient qu’à un fil. Il va tomber ou être arraché. Tour à tour histoire d’une traque et d’un enracinement dans le vide et la matière, c’est encore et surtout une histoire à laquelle il faut croire pour rester en vie.

Les poèmes qui composent Radiale sont des apprentissages auxquels on ne peut échapper. Dans une maison où la mémoire brûle, sous la tôle froissée qui emporte l’enfance comme l’amour, à chaque dent de lait arrachée, on rêve d’îles où se poser. Il faut s’engager, creuser en soi, porter la chute comme un habit de lumière pour s’en délivrer. Sachant ce qu’on risque de perdre à tout moment, on prie des dieux qui n’existent pas, on revisite les lieux, on se transforme, on écrit. Le cœur branle, ne tient qu’à un fil. Il va tomber ou être arraché. Tour à tour histoire d’une traque et d’un enracinement dans le vide et la matière, c’est encore et surtout une histoire à laquelle il faut croire pour rester en vie.

Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is a cost estimating approach for project and asset planning and delivery that considers the direct and indirect costs incurred over the entire life cycle of an asset. This approach can be expanded to the concept of Whole Life Cost (WLC), which additionally considers externalities and benefits. WLC can demonstrate the financial impacts, both positive and negative, of a project on its environment, in other words it can show its complete value. Despite its potential, the approach is still perceived as complex because, among other things, access to data can be difficult and the approach is still not supported by a standardized methodology. Building Information Modeling (BIM) could be used to address these issues as both WLC and BIM are deemed complementary. BIM provides WLC with better data management, improved calculation accuracy and visualization of project impacts. In return, WLC improves project understanding, decision making and reinforces life cycle thinking. This paper aims to study the potential synergies between BIM and WLC through a systematic literature review. The identification of these synergies helped form a frame of reference to better understand the opportunities that this combination can offer. Future studies would be needed to explore the application of BIM and WLC at different project scales and identify the context in which the combination of BIM and WLC is the most beneficial.

Integrating the knowledge and experience of fabrication during the design phase can help reduce the cost and duration of steel construction projects. Building Information Modeling (BIM) are technologies and processes that reduce the cost and duration of construction projects by integrating parametric digital models as support of information. These models can contain information about the performance of previous projects and allow a classification by linear regression of design criteria with a high impact on the duration of the fabrication. This paper proposes a quantitative approach that applies linear regressions on previous projects’ BIM models to identify some design rules and production improvement points. A case study applied on 55,444 BIM models of steel joists validates this approach. This case study shows that the camber, the weight of the structure, and its reinforced elements greatly influence the fabrication time of the joists. The approach developed in this article is a practical case where machine learning and BIM models are used rather than interviews with professionals to identify knowledge related to a given steel structure fabrication system.

Building Information Modelling (BIM) was introduced in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry as a shared information platform that aims to improve productivity through better collaboration. The assumption is that a virtual integration of information among project stakeholders would reduce the issues around the fragmented nature of the processes that still prevail in the construction field. This paper aims to highlight the sources of waste in the information flows between an architecture firm, a Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) engineering firm, a general contractor (GC) and a MEP subcontractor (SC) in a BIM project – an aspect of waste little covered in the Lean literature. The focus is on the MEP process from early design to the final product. This research contributes to the identification of the main barriers to information flow, including the conflicts and waste sources that emerge from using BIM, as well as to the identification of emerging successes. Moreover, the findings offer practical implications by providing a visual of the patterns emerging from the use of BIM. Finally, by providing potential waste reduction strategies such as Value Stream Mapping (VSM) this work allows construction actors to identify and reduce sources of waste in their processes.

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Project definition refers to the first three stages of a project life cycle, namely planning, programming, and preliminary design during which client needs are identified and translated into design solutions. An ill-defined hospital project definition may lead to hospital-acquired infections or patient mortality. The traditional management practices have been proved to be inadequate since architects usually do not communicate with users, and thus do not have detailed knowledge about how services are performed in the building. There is the need for more knowledge about the subject to improve and thus promote client value generation. This study first reviews factors that impact the communication between architects and clients during project definition based on the literature. The study then offers a framework based on these factors to help managers assess and improve communication between professionals and clients. The validity of the framework will then be empirically validated and revised based on findings of a longitudinal mega-hospital case study. The main objective of the current investigation is to improve the project definition practices of complex projects, and the assumption is that an effective communication provides more value to end users, as well as better project performance in terms of environmental and social sustainability.

Project definition refers to the first stages of a project life cycle (i.e. planning, programming, and preliminary design) in which client needs are identified and a conceptual design solution is developed. Defining and formalizing client needs are complex tasks especially in complex projects such as hospitals since naturally multiple clients such as managers, the government, users, clinicians, patients, and staff members among others, are involved. Each client has their own needs and interests that could sometimes be conflicting with those of the others.However, traditional methods of project definition management have been proved to be inadequate. In the traditional approach, users are rarely consulted, and the focus is more on technical issues and less on functional aspects, which impacts the future work environment and may consequently lead to increased hospital-acquired infections or patient mortality. Participative approaches such as Lean-led design, in which users including patients are involved in the process of project definition, are proposed to address this problem. However, little is discussed in the literature regarding the value of such approaches in terms of better alignment of projects with client needs.This research first identified the factors that can impact the alignment between needs and design solutions during the project definition via a systematic literature review. Based on these factors, a framework was provided to assess and improve the alignment. The validity of the framework was then empirically evaluated and revised based on a longitudinal mega-hospital case study that had implemented the Lean-led design approach the objective of which was to ensure a harmony between needs and requirements as a result of integrating two hospitals. The main assumption here is that better alignment provides more value to end users and the main contribution of this research is a framework that can help researchers and managers to assess and evaluate alignm, La définition du projet fait référence aux trois premières phases du cycle de vie du projet, soit le montage, la programmation et la conception préliminaire, où les besoins du client sont identifiés et la conception architecturale est développée. En effet, définir et formaliser les besoins des clients est une tâche difficile, surtout dans les projets complexes tels que les hôpitaux, puisque le client est multiple. Dans ces projets, le client pourrait être à la fois le gestionnaire, le gouvernement et l’usager :le clinicien, le patient, le personnel, etc. Chaque client a ses propres besoins et intérêts qui peuvent parfois être en conflit avec les intérêts des autres clients. L’approche traditionnelle utilisée lors de la définition du projet s’est avérée inappropriée. Dans ces pratiques traditionnelles, les usagers sont rarement consultés. En outre, l’accent est davantage mis sur les aspects techniques et moins sur les aspects fonctionnels. Ceci a un impact important, sur la qualité de l’aménagement, notamment l’environnement de travail ainsi que sur la santé et sécurité des cliniciens et patients. Des approches participatives telles que Lean-led Design — dans laquelle les usagers, y compris le patient, sont impliqués tout au long du processus de définition du projet — sont proposées afin de pallier ces défis. Cependant, la littérature nous informe peu sur l’impact que de telles approches ont sur l’alignement entre les besoins des clients avec la conception architecturale. Cette recherche identifie d’abord les facteurs qui influencent l’alignement entre les besoins et la conception architecturale lors de la définition du projet, sur la base d’une revue systématique de la littérature. Elle propose ensuite un cadre conceptuel établi en fonction de ces facteurs qui servira à développer et évaluer une étude de cas longitudinale d’un méga-hôpital situé au Canada. Ce projet complexe hospitalier implémente la démarche du Lean-led Design afin d’assurer l’alignement des besoin, Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme (Polytechnique), info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Project definition refers to the first three stages of a project life cycle, namely planning, programming, and preliminary design during which client needs are identified and translated into design solutions. An ill-defined hospital project definition may lead to hospital-acquired infections or patient mortality. The traditional management practices have been proved to be inadequate since architects usually do not communicate with users, and thus do not have detailed knowledge about how services are performed in the building. There is the need for more knowledge about the subject to improve and thus promote client value generation. This study first reviews factors that impact the communication between architects and clients during project definition based on the literature. The study then offers a framework based on these factors to help managers assess and improve communication between professionals and clients. The validity of the framework will then be empirically validated and revised based on findings of a longitudinal mega-hospital case study. The main objective of the current investigation is to improve the project definition practices of complex projects, and the assumption is that an effective communication provides more value to end users, as well as better project performance in terms of environmental and social sustainability., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The construction industry is facing a gradual but important transformation towards more productivity and collaboration. In this framework, two major approaches are often cited in the literature as having the potential to improve the practices in the industry: Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Lean Construction. Several scientific studies have demonstrated the synergy of these two approaches and very recent research has reported positive results from the use of software applications as support for their implementation on construction sites. However, the stakes of such integration have been very little studied. This article presents the results of a research project conducted within a general contractor firm that decided to implement BIM and Last Planner System (LPS) on its construction sites. The research uses a four-stage action research approach, including the characterization of the research issue, the establishment of an action plan, its implementation and its evaluation. Compared to recent related studies, the research is less enthusiastic. While it highlights the need for new tools to improve production planning and control, it also points to a strong resistance to change by practitioners at the site. They emphasize the necessity for adequate pre-service training and the need for new resources that can work full-time on the ongoing training of site teams. In addition, some limitations of the tool lead workers to believe that it can quickly become a factor that slows down their daily work rather than improving it. Based on the advice of professionals, the paper formulates some recommendations to the industry, the researchers and the software developers.

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Request for information (RFI) is a formal process used in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction industry to address design flaws that affect communication between designers and contractors. A large number of RFIs are a sign of a lack of precision or coordination in the design documents. However, RFIs produce rich, precise, and structured information. Analyzing their content can help to identify recurring problems between designers and construction teams and better tailor future projects to the working context of the contractors. This article presents a method for identifying recurring issues during the design phase of steel construction projects through the analysis of the contents of RFIs. It is original in using a qualitative content analysis tool that can analyze large quantities of RFIs rapidly. Identifying the recurrent problems of contractors will allow the establishment of rules to be taken into consideration during the design phase of future steel construction projects. A case study of 26 steel construction projects demonstrates the feasibility of this method. This case study shows that, given the same designers and construction teams, recurring problems shown in RFIs do not differ according to the scale of the projects. In this case, the main issue between designers and contractors is the lack and inadequate presentation of information related to the connection of steel components. Identifying these problems can pave the way for initiatives to improve the design phase and can be an essential step in making contractors’ knowledge available to designers early in the projects.

Request for information (RFI) is a formal process used in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction industry to address design flaws that affect communication between designers and contractors. A large number of RFIs are a sign of a lack of precision or coordination in the design documents. However, RFIs produce rich, precise, and structured information. Analyzing their content can help to identify recurring problems between designers and construction teams and better tailor future projects to the working context of the contractors. This article presents a method for identifying recurring issues during the design phase of steel construction projects through the analysis of the contents of RFIs. It is original in using a qualitative content analysis tool that can analyze large quantities of RFIs rapidly. Identifying the recurrent problems of contractors will allow the establishment of rules to be taken into consideration during the design phase of future steel construction projects. A case study of 26 steel construction projects demonstrates the feasibility of this method. This case study shows that, given the same designers and construction teams, recurring problems shown in RFIs do not differ according to the scale of the projects. In this case, the main issue between designers and contractors is the lack and inadequate presentation of information related to the connection of steel components. Identifying these problems can pave the way for initiatives to improve the design phase and can be an essential step in making contractors’ knowledge available to designers early in the projects.

Request for information (RFI) is a formal process used in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction industry to address design flaws that affect communication between designers and contractors. A large number of RFIs are a sign of a lack of precision or coordination in the design documents. However, RFIs produce rich, precise, and structured information. Analyzing their content can help to identify recurring problems between designers and construction teams and better tailor future projects to the working context of the contractors. This article presents a method for identifying recurring issues during the design phase of steel construction projects through the analysis of the contents of RFIs. It is original in using a qualitative content analysis tool that can analyze large quantities of RFIs rapidly. Identifying the recurrent problems of contractors will allow the establishment of rules to be taken into consideration during the design phase of future steel construction projects. A case study of 26 steel construction projects demonstrates the feasibility of this method. This case study shows that, given the same designers and construction teams, recurring problems shown in RFIs do not differ according to the scale of the projects. In this case, the main issue between designers and contractors is the lack and inadequate presentation of information related to the connection of steel components. Identifying these problems can pave the way for initiatives to improve the design phase and can be an essential step in making contractors’ knowledge available to designers early in the projects.

With the rise of social networks, information on the internet is no longer solely organized by web pages. Rather, content is generated and shared among users and organized around their social relations on social networks. This presents new challenges to information retrieval systems. On a social network search system, the generation of result sets not only needs to consider keyword matches, like a traditional web search engine does, but it also needs to take into account the searcher's social connections and the content's visibility settings. Besides, search ranking should be able to handle both textual relevance and the rich social interaction signals from the social network. In this paper, we present our solution to these two challenges by first introducing a social retrieval mechanism, and then investigate novel deep neural networks for the ranking problem. The retrieval system treats social connections as indexing terms, and generates meaningful results sets by biasing towards close social connections in a constrained optimization fashion. The result set is then ranked by a deep neural network that handles textual and social relevance in a two-tower approach, in which personalization and textual relevance are addressed jointly. The retrieval mechanism is deployed on Facebook and is helping billions of users finding postings from their connections efficiently. Based on the postings being retrieved, we evaluate our two-tower neutral network, and examine the importance of personalization and textual signals in the ranking problem., Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures

Background : Multimorbidity challenges the health‐care system and requires innovative approaches. In 2015, a 4‐month patient‐centred interdisciplinary pragmatic intervention was implemented in primary care with the aim of supporting self‐management for patients with multimorbidity. Objective : To explore the perceptions and experiences of health‐care professionals, patients and their caregivers with a 4‐month patient‐centred interdisciplinary pragmatic intervention in primary care. Design : A descriptive, qualitative study using semi‐structured interviews was conducted. Setting and participants : A purposive sample of 30 participants was recruited from seven family medicine groups including patients, caregivers and health‐care professionals (HCPs). Interviews were analysed using Thorne's interpretive description approach. Results : Findings were grouped into the benefits and challenges of participating in the intervention. The programme allowed patients to adopt realistic and adapted objectives; to customize interventions to the patient's reality; and to help patients gain confidence, improve their knowledge, skills and motivation to manage their condition. Interprofessional collaboration eased the exchange of information via team meetings and electronic medical records. Challenges were related to collaboration, communication, coordination of work and integration of newly relocated HCPs mainly due to part‐time assignments and staff turnover. HCPs part‐time schedules limited their availability and hindered patients’ follow‐up. Discussion and conclusion : This intervention was useful and rewarding from the HCPs, patients and caregivers’ perspective. However, to ensure the success of this complex interdisciplinary intervention, implementers and managers should anticipate organizational barriers such as availability and time management of relocated HCPs.

ENGLISH: While the Building Information Modeling (BIM) approach has been an important enabler for the digital transformation in construction, the concept of Construction 4.0 gradually begins to impose itself. It is still difficult today to give a precise definition, even if the experts are unanimous on the fact that it will be a major revolution for the industry. To situate the global context of this revolution, it seems useful to recall that it has its origins in the First Industrial Revolution in history with mechanization, in the Second Revolution with electrification, and in the Third Revolution with automation. The Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) is based on ubiquitous connectivity and promises to significantly improve the way of doing business. FRANÇAIS: Si l’approche de modélisation des données du bâtiment BIM a été un catalyseur important pour l’amorce d’une transformation numérique dans la construction, le concept de Construction 4.0 commence progressivement à s’imposer. Il est encore difficile aujourd’hui d’en donner une définition précise, même si les experts sont unanimes sur le fait qu’il s’agit d’une révolution majeure pour l’industrie. Pour situer le contexte global de cette révolution, il semble utile de rappeler qu’elle trouve ses origines d’abord dans la première révolution industrielle dans l’histoire avec la mécanisation, dans la deuxième révolution avec l’électrification, et dans la troisième axée autour de l’automatisation. La quatrième révolution industrielle (industrie 4.0) se base sur une connectivité ubiquitaire et promet d’améliorer de manière considérable la manière de faire les affaires.

Anaïs et Janvier s'aiment depuis l'enfance. Ils grandissent auprès de Noëlla, la tante de Janvier. Dans la Basse-Ville de Québec, près de la rivière Saint-Charles, entourés de livres et de chansons, ils sont à l'abri de tout, sauf des coeurs nénuphars. Comme la Chloé de Boris Vian, Janvier est malade et Anaïs est terrorisée. Obsédée par la mort qui guette, elle pousse tout croche. Alors que toutes les filles de son âge font des bébés, elle écrit des romans et s'invente une histoire où son ami ne mourra pas. Quand le coeur de Janvier s'arrête de battre, qu'il n'y a plus nulle part où se protéger de l'arrachement, Anaïs s'enfuit. Des rues de Québec à la campagne française, elle fugue, rapièce son coeur, tombe amoureuse et se fait croire que tout va bien, jusqu'à ce que la musique la rattrape. Valérie Forgues écrit de la fiction et de la poésie. Formée à l'Université Laval en création littéraire et théâtre et détentrice d'une maîtrise en études littéraires, elle travaille à la bibliothèque de la Maison de la littérature. Son dernier recueil, Une robe pour la chasse, a été publié au Lézard amoureux en 2015.

Anaïs et Janvier s'aiment depuis l'enfance. Ils grandissent auprès de Noëlla, la tante de Janvier. Dans la Basse-Ville de Québec, près de la rivière Saint-Charles, entourés de livres et de chansons, ils sont à l'abri de tout, sauf des coeurs nénuphars. Comme la Chloé de Boris Vian, Janvier est malade et Anaïs est terrorisée. Obsédée par la mort qui guette, elle pousse tout croche. Alors que toutes les filles de son âge font des bébés, elle écrit des romans et s'invente une histoire où son ami ne mourra pas. Quand le coeur de Janvier s'arrête de battre, qu'il n'y a plus nulle part où se protéger de l'arrachement, Anaïs s'enfuit. Des rues de Québec à la campagne française, elle fugue, rapièce son coeur, tombe amoureuse et se fait croire que tout va bien, jusqu'à ce que la musique la rattrape. Valérie Forgues écrit de la fiction et de la poésie. Formée à l'Université Laval en création littéraire et théâtre et détentrice d'une maîtrise en études littéraires, elle travaille à la bibliothèque de la Maison de la littérature. Son dernier recueil, Une robe pour la chasse, a été publié au Lézard amoureux en 2015.

Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) are non-embryonic, mesenchymal stem cells that may have significant potential for therapeutic and regenerative biomedical applications. Studies of DPSC differentiation have demonstrated the potential to form many tissue types, including neural, osteogenic and vascular precursors using cytokines and growth factors, such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Eight previously isolated Dental Pulp Stem Cell (DPSC) isolates were grown in culture and treated with VEGF to evaluate any effects on growth, viability or biomarker expression. Administration of VEGF at 10 ng/mL significantly inhibited growth in two rapidly dividing or rDT DPSC isolates, with no other measurable effects noted among the intermediate (iDT) or slow (sDT) growing DPSC isolates. In addition, administration of VEGF had no significant effects on viability of the sDT or iDT DPSC isolates, however, all three of the rapidly dividing or rDT DPSC isolates exhibited significantly increased viability. Finally, mRNA expression of osteogenic biomarkers Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Dentin Sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) was observed among the rDT isolates with specific combinations of DPSC biomarkers expressed (NANOG in combination with Sox-2 or Oct-4 but not both). The results of these data suggest that VEGF administration may be sufficient to induce partial differentiation of DPSC isolates, although this may be dependent upon the MSC biomarker expression of the DPSCs. These preliminary data may further research into the potential for tissue regeneration and bioengineering.

The UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) present a formidable funding challenge. Financial innovation is one way through which resources can be secured, while also providing business opportunities for market actors. The insurance sector, in particular, has been at the forefront of such innovation, developing financial instruments to manage the flooding, fire, and storm risks that characterize an increasingly unstable world. We examine one such financial instrument—the catastrophe bond—which transfers extreme risk from insurers and reinsurers to capital markets. Using a comprehensive database of all catastrophe bonds issued through March 2016, we find that the modeling which underlies catastrophe bonds is not demonstrably better than guesswork at predicting the financial consequences of extreme events. Moreover, secondary data reveal that market actors are under no illusions about the level of precision and accuracy provided by the models. Our analysis suggests that catastrophe bonds do not lend themselves to analysis through conventional sociological theories of financial markets. Drawing on theories of ignorance, we reflect on the social arrangements that sustain financial markets in contexts of extreme uncertainty. We conclude with some cautionary notes for harnessing financial tools in support of the SDGs.

The UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) present a formidable funding challenge. Financial innovation is one way through which resources can be secured, while also providing business opportunities for market actors. The insurance sector, in particular, has been at the forefront of such innovation, developing financial instruments to manage the flooding, fire, and storm risks that characterize an increasingly unstable world. We examine one such financial instrument—the catastrophe bond—which transfers extreme risk from insurers and reinsurers to capital markets. Using a comprehensive database of all catastrophe bonds issued through March 2016, we find that the modeling which underlies catastrophe bonds is not demonstrably better than guesswork at predicting the financial consequences of extreme events. Moreover, secondary data reveal that market actors are under no illusions about the level of precision and accuracy provided by the models. Our analysis suggests that catastrophe bonds do not lend themselves to analysis through conventional sociological theories of financial markets. Drawing on theories of ignorance, we reflect on the social arrangements that sustain financial markets in contexts of extreme uncertainty. We conclude with some cautionary notes for harnessing financial tools in support of the SDGs.

Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) are non-embryonic, mesenchymal stem cells that may have significant potential for therapeutic and regenerative biomedical applications. Studies of DPSC differentiation have demonstrated the potential to form many tissue types, including neural, osteogenic and vascular precursors using cytokines and growth factors, such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Eight previously isolated Dental Pulp Stem Cell (DPSC) isolates were grown in culture and treated with VEGF to evaluate any effects on growth, viability or biomarker expression. Administration of VEGF at 10 ng/mL significantly inhibited growth in two rapidly dividing or rDT DPSC isolates, with no other measurable effects noted among the intermediate (iDT) or slow (sDT) growing DPSC isolates. In addition, administration of VEGF had no significant effects on viability of the sDT or iDT DPSC isolates, however, all three of the rapidly dividing or rDT DPSC isolates exhibited significantly increased viability. Finally, mRNA expression of osteogenic biomarkers Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Dentin Sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) was observed among the rDT isolates with specific combinations of DPSC biomarkers expressed (NANOG in combination with Sox-2 or Oct-4 but not both). The results of these data suggest that VEGF administration may be sufficient to induce partial differentiation of DPSC isolates, although this may be dependent upon the MSC biomarker expression of the DPSCs. These preliminary data may further research into the potential for tissue regeneration and bioengineering.

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

In recent decades, municipalities around the world have been developing community policies and seeking to apply them in their cities. They use methods for exchanging information and opinions on decisions, policies, plans and strategies and involve and consult with the community and stakeholders in all aspects of the decision-making process. The application of methods for thoughtful planning has become the goal of policy makers to improve the lives of citizens and stop the expansion of the city into the countryside. The aim of this article is to integrate the notion of sustainability into a methodological approach, taking into account the actors involved in the decision-making phases, the objectives, and the local indicators in an urban redevelopment project (brownfield). Our approach is based on an analysis of 21 articles and on a transversal and cross-cutting view of the interdisciplinary themes of sustainable development by inserting the main actors into decision-making in urban projects and by selecting local indicators. We put in place a methodological approach for the evaluation of urban projects that takes into account local expectations. The goal is to identify and classify the elements that are needed for decision making, including the indicators related to environmental and socio-economic components, in order to develop an effective evaluation tool. This research contributes to the knowledge of project evaluation tools in the specific context of a city.

Current concerns focus on the need to reduce energy consumption in construction and over the lifespan of buildings. A major objective is to create affordable housing. However, reducing the energy needs of the present without harming the needs of future generations remains difficult to put into practice, especially at the level of habitats in arid zones. In this research, a housing design assistance process for building designers is proposed, with the aim of converging towards a global optimum for the correlation and integration of vernacular devices and strategies in an optimized way. This will allow the integration of energy performance indicators and user comfort, in order to ultimately optimize, for this case study, the morphogenesis of residential buildings based on the morphological structure of a proposed building in Biskra, Algeria. This last developed process is articulated on various combinations distinguished for the case of the integration of devices and strategies, which allow maximum energy saving while ensuring the comfort of the occupants. As part of this research, this integration constituted a major challenge and made it possible to achieve a reduction in energy ratio of up to 25.11% compared to the standard building and the objectives of the research.

La modélisation des données du bâtiment (BIM) est considérée comme étant une technologie de rupture dans le sens où son utilisation va considérablement modifier les mécanismes actuels de gestion de projet. En effet, l’une de ces modifications est l’apparition d’un plan de gestion BIM (PGB) pour encadrer les nouveaux objectifs, processus, livrables, responsabilités et autres associés à l’utilisation de l’approche BIM. Toutefois, la mise en place efficace du PGB ne se fait pas sans difficultés, l’une des plus marquantes étant le manque de savoir et d’expérience en gestion de projet BIM qui amène entre autres un développement non coordonné des documents de gestion BIM. En effet, la théorie exprime un certain nombre d’enjeux et de problématiques à la préparation et à l’application d’un tel document. Pour cette recherche, une étude de cas a été réalisée sur un projet de construction récent où le BIM est en premier plan. Avec des entrevues semi-dirigées, une étude de la documentation du projet, des ateliers de travail et un questionnaire en ligne, il a été possible de conclure que certains enjeux sur l’application du BIM sont toujours présents, que l’organisation de la documentation ne semble pas être optimale et standard et que le contenu semble manquer d’uniformité et de cohérence au sein même du projet. Ces faits se sont avérés sur le cas étudié, mais certains indices laissent penser qu’ils sont généralisables.

The construction industry is facing a gradual but important transformation towards more productivity and collaboration. In this framework, two major approaches are often cited in the literature as having the potential to improve the practices in the industry: Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Lean Construction. Several scientific studies have demonstrated the synergy of these two approaches and very recent research has reported positive results from the use of software applications as support for their implementation on construction sites. However, the stakes of such integration have been very little studied. This article presents the results of a research project conducted within a general contractor firm that decided to implement BIM and Last Planner System (LPS) on its construction sites. The research uses a four-stage action research approach, including the characterization of the research issue, the establishment of an action plan, its implementation and its evaluation. Compared to recent related studies, the research is less enthusiastic. While it highlights the need for new tools to improve production planning and control, it also points to a strong resistance to change by practitioners at the site. They emphasize the necessity for adequate pre-service training and the need for new resources that can work full-time on the ongoing training of site teams. In addition, some limitations of the tool lead workers to believe that it can quickly become a factor that slows down their daily work rather than improving it.

L’ataxie récessive spastique de Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSCS) est une maladie génétique neurodégénérative rare dont la prévalence est plus élevée dans les régions de Charlevoix et du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean. Les atteintes cérébelleuses de l’ARSCS sont responsables de plusieurs symptômes moteurs observés chez les patients. Les récentes avancées scientifiques ont démontré que divers troubles cognitifs et affectifs pouvaient être associés à des altérations du cervelet (syndrome cognitivo-affectif cérébelleux; SCAC). Des intervenants oeuvrant auprès de patients atteints d’ARSCS et de leurs proches soulèvent des caractéristiques psychologiques particulières, dont une rigidité mentale, une tendance au déni et à l’indifférence, des difficultés d’investissement dans leur suivi et des difficultés à maintenir un emploi. L’étude exploratoire de Desmeules (2017) a dressé un profil préliminaire de personnalité chez 8 individus atteints d’ARSCS. Le faible degré d’ouverture à l’expérience était le trait de personnalité le plus commun dans son échantillon (75 %). Ce trait est associé à des capacités réduites d’adaptation en général, incluant à la fois les situations sociales et les relations interpersonnelles. Or, aucune étude ne s’est intéressée à ces variables dans l’ARSCS. La présente étude vise à décrire la personnalité et l’adaptation sociale chez 30 personnes atteintes d’ARSCS, âgées de 20 à 59 ans, et à évaluer les liens entre la personnalité et l’adaptation sociale, en plus d’observer les effets de la détresse émotionnelle sur ces liens. Les résultats démontrent une présence élevée de traits de personnalité pathologiques au sein de l’échantillon. Le profil de personnalité est marqué par une rigidité mentale, qui s’observe par la rigidité de l’expression des traits de personnalité chez un même individu, et par le faible degré d’ouverture à l’expérience documenté chez 60 % des participants. Le névrosisme faible (50 %) et le caractère consciencieux élevé (40 %) sont des traits c

BIM is often presented as a collaborative platform. However, the core principle of BIM is about sharing data through centralized or distributed platforms. Collaboration is not at the heart of BIM. It is about requiring the actors of the construction project network to reconfigure their patterns of relationships to facilitate the production and exchange of the project data and the information processing using this platform. Organization of work in construction is highly linear and fragmented, and the construction project stakeholders don’t have the tools to understand and represent how information is created and processed among them. This paper presents a collaborative mapping approach that help construction project stakeholders to visualize the existing patterns emerging from their use of BIM. Through a collaborative action-research project, different key stakeholders are invited to participate into the co-construction of a visual mapping of the information processing for the production of the BIM model within the various organizations. The mappings for the whole project were assembled to extract the divergent perceptions and domain-based visions of each participant. The main contribution of this research is a framework for the co-construction of a project process modelling. The aim is to reduce the barriers and conflicts that emerge in a collaborative process., SCOPUS: cp.k, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Jeanne forever met en lumière différents visages de la féminité, en utilisant comme matière première les personnages cinématographiques incarnés au fil du temps par l’actrice Jeanne Moreau. Empreintes de l’aura particulière de celle-ci, de sa présence, de sa vulnérabilité, ces femmes, qui se distinguent par leur nature tantôt forte, tantôt fragile, par leur âge et la place qu’elles occupent dans le monde, se déploient à travers les poèmes de Stéphanie Filion et de Valérie Forgues. Cet ensemble de textes forme une traversée du monde intérieur ainsi qu’un questionnement identitaire sur la condition féminine. Il suggère une belle exploration du lien entre poésie et cinéma, entre réalité et représentation, et du côté éphémère de toute chose, à commencer par la vie.

Jeanne forever met en lumière différents visages de la féminité, en utilisant comme matière première les personnages cinématographiques incarnés au fil du temps par l’actrice Jeanne Moreau. Empreintes de l’aura particulière de celle-ci, de sa présence, de sa vulnérabilité, ces femmes, qui se distinguent par leur nature tantôt forte, tantôt fragile, par leur âge et la place qu’elles occupent dans le monde, se déploient à travers les poèmes de Stéphanie Filion et de Valérie Forgues. Cet ensemble de textes forme une traversée du monde intérieur ainsi qu’un questionnement identitaire sur la condition féminine. Il suggère une belle exploration du lien entre poésie et cinéma, entre réalité et représentation, et du côté éphémère de toute chose, à commencer par la vie.

Jeanne forever met en lumière différents visages de la féminité, en utilisant comme matière première les personnages cinématographiques incarnés au fil du temps par l’actrice Jeanne Moreau. Empreintes de l’aura particulière de celle-ci, de sa présence, de sa vulnérabilité, ces femmes, qui se distinguent par leur nature tantôt forte, tantôt fragile, par leur âge et la place qu’elles occupent dans le monde, se déploient à travers les poèmes de Stéphanie Filion et de Valérie Forgues. Cet ensemble de textes forme une traversée du monde intérieur ainsi qu’un questionnement identitaire sur la condition féminine. Il suggère une belle exploration du lien entre poésie et cinéma, entre réalité et représentation, et du côté éphémère de toute chose, à commencer par la vie.

Jeanne forever met en lumière différents visages de la féminité, en utilisant comme matière première les personnages cinématographiques incarnés au fil du temps par l’actrice Jeanne Moreau. Empreintes de l’aura particulière de celle-ci, de sa présence, de sa vulnérabilité, ces femmes, qui se distinguent par leur nature tantôt forte, tantôt fragile, par leur âge et la place qu’elles occupent dans le monde, se déploient à travers les poèmes de Stéphanie Filion et de Valérie Forgues. Cet ensemble de textes forme une traversée du monde intérieur ainsi qu’un questionnement identitaire sur la condition féminine. Il suggère une belle exploration du lien entre poésie et cinéma, entre réalité et représentation, et du côté éphémère de toute chose, à commencer par la vie.

Jeanne forever met en lumière différents visages de la féminité, en utilisant comme matière première les personnages cinématographiques incarnés au fil du temps par l’actrice Jeanne Moreau. Empreintes de l’aura particulière de celle-ci, de sa présence, de sa vulnérabilité, ces femmes, qui se distinguent par leur nature tantôt forte, tantôt fragile, par leur âge et la place qu’elles occupent dans le monde, se déploient à travers les poèmes de Stéphanie Filion et de Valérie Forgues. Cet ensemble de textes forme une traversée du monde intérieur ainsi qu’un questionnement identitaire sur la condition féminine. Il suggère une belle exploration du lien entre poésie et cinéma, entre réalité et représentation, et du côté éphémère de toute chose, à commencer par la vie.

Copyright © 2018 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. The use of building information modelling (BIM) in construction compares to the use of product lifecycle management (PLM) in manufacturing. Previous research has shown that it is possible to improve BIM with the features and the best practices from the PLM approach. This article provides a comparison from the standpoint of the bill of materials (BOM) and product structures. It compares the product beginning of life in both construction and shipbuilding industries. The research then tries to understand the use, form and evolution of product structures and BOM concepts in shipbuilding with the aim of identifying equivalent notions in construction. Research findings demonstrate that similar concepts for structuring information exist in construction; however, the relationship between them is unclear. Further research is therefore required to detail the links identified by the authors and develop an equivalent central structuring backbone as found in PLM platforms.

Copyright © 2018 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. The use of building information modelling (BIM) in construction compares to the use of product lifecycle management (PLM) in manufacturing. Previous research has shown that it is possible to improve BIM with the features and the best practices from the PLM approach. This article provides a comparison from the standpoint of the bill of materials (BOM) and product structures. It compares the product beginning of life in both construction and shipbuilding industries. The research then tries to understand the use, form and evolution of product structures and BOM concepts in shipbuilding with the aim of identifying equivalent notions in construction. Research findings demonstrate that similar concepts for structuring information exist in construction; however, the relationship between them is unclear. Further research is therefore required to detail the links identified by the authors and develop an equivalent central structuring backbone as found in PLM platforms.