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Modern command and control systems present the current view of the situation through a situation picture that is being built up from fused sensor data. However, merely presenting a comprehensible description of the situation does not give the commander complete awareness of the development of a situation. This article presents a generic tool for prediction of forthcoming troop movements. The technique is similar to particle filtering, a method used for approximate inference in dynamic Bayesian networks. The prediction tool has been implemented and installed into an existent electronic warfare system. The tool makes use of the system's geographic information system to extract geographic properties and calculate troop velocities in the terrain which is, in turn, being used for the construction of the tool's transition model. Finally, the result is presented together with the situation picture. The prediction tool has been evaluated in field tests performed in cooperation with the Swedish Armed Forces in an exercise in Sweden during the spring of 2005. Officers and operators of the electronic warfare system were interviewed and exposed to the tool. Reactions were positive and prediction of future troop movements was considered to be interesting for short-term tactical command and control., Presented at the International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium (ICCRTS) (10th), held in McLean, VA, on 13-16 Jun 2005. Published in the Proceedings of ICCRTS, 2006. Prepared in cooperation with Ericsson Microwave Systems AB, Sweden. Document contains briefing charts in addition to text. The original document contains color images.

This patent discloses a liquid spring shock absorbing device comprising an hydraulic piston with an integral surge valve. The hydraulic piston is positioned within a fluid filled piston housing and is made up of a piston body, a spring reaction plate and a piston heat. A large annular spring and a small annular spring are positioned adjacent to the spring reaction plate. Short duration shocks are transmitted by the fluid to cause rotation of annular spring which opens a relief valve port. Long duration, high intensity shocks cause compression of both annular springs, opening of the relief valve port and movement of a hydraulic piston., Supersedes PAT-APPL-801 341-85, AD-D012 379.