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Sustainable travel is a goal deserving of research and implementation, but how such a goal can be reached is debated. Fueling this debate are the many different factors involved in individual travel, ranging from values and beliefs to the impact of the built environment. The amount of impact that the built environment may have can be clouded by a person's personal preference for a certain lifestyle, and different life-cycle stages have different levels of travel. Although low levels of automobile use have been observed in city centers, the question remains whether the demographics of the distinct developed areas can explain the differences. This paper investigated the fraction of automobile trips across different developed areas for households of distinct life-cycle stages to determine which explained the differences best. The results suggest that it is the built environment that has a greater ability to explain the differences in the fraction of automobile trips and that households of the same life-cycle stage retain the same basic number of trips.

Life-threatening hemoptysis is one of the most challenging conditions of all respiratory emergencies, and requires prompt and proper treatment. With the advancement of catheter technology, efficacy of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for hemoptysis has been well established. However, in some cases, recurrent hemoptysis may occur during a short period of time after BAE due to blood supply via missed bronchial arteries or nonbronchial systemic arteries. Therefore, knowledge of anatomical variation of bronchial arteries and nonbronchial arterial supply contributing to hemoptysis is essential to achieve excellent long-term as well as short-term results. Additionally, interventional radiologists should be familiar with proper selection of catheters and embolic materials to increase the technical success rate and to reduce the procedure-related complications. In this article, we illustrate angiographic and computed tomographic anatomy of the bronchial and nonbronchial arterial supply, technical aspects, results, and complications of BAE. We also discuss the risk factors influencing recurrent hemoptysis after BAE., Acta medica Nagasakiensia. 2007, 52(3), p.71-78

TSC import 588 2012-01-30 NR 20140805