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Background: Spontaneous rupture risk in renal artery aneurysm (RAA) is extremely low. Indication criteria for surgical repair of RAA remain uncertain. Objective: Long-term outcomes of conservative therapy and surgical repair were evaluated. Patients: The study included fifty-eight patients (17 male, 41 female) diagnosed with RAA during the last 21 years. Median age at the time of diagnosis was 62 (19-85) years old, and the median follow-up period was 69 (3-216) months. Methods: The patients were divided into two groups; conservative group (n = 30) who had been followed up with blood pressure control, and treatment group (n = 29), who underwent intervention. Results: Multiple efferent aneurysmal branches were found in seven conservative cases and 16 treatment cases (P = 0.002). The median maximum diameter of aneurysm was lower in conservative group than in the treatment group (15 versus 25 mm, P = 0.005). Two cases in conservative group showed increase in aneurysm size during follow-up. Hypertensive state had been essentially no change in both groups during follow-up. Renal function decreased with age similarly both in conservative and treatment groups. Conclusions: Our conservative management criteria for RAA are justifiable and even too strict. More loose criteria will be pursued in conservative group selection.

Background: Spontaneous rupture risk in renal artery aneurysm (RAA) is extremely low. Indication criteria for surgical repair of RAA remain uncertain. Objective: Long-term outcomes of conservative therapy and surgical repair were evaluated. Patients: The study included fifty-eight patients (17 male, 41 female) diagnosed with RAA during the last 21 years. Median age at the time of diagnosis was 62 (19-85) years old, and the median follow-up period was 69 (3-216) months. Methods: The patients were divided into two groups; conservative group (n = 30) who had been followed up with blood pressure control, and treatment group (n = 29), who underwent intervention. Results: Multiple efferent aneurysmal branches were found in seven conservative cases and 16 treatment cases (P = 0.002). The median maximum diameter of aneurysm was lower in conservative group than in the treatment group (15 versus 25 mm, P = 0.005). Two cases in conservative group showed increase in aneurysm size during follow-up. Hypertensive state had been essentially no change in both groups during follow-up. Renal function decreased with age similarly both in conservative and treatment groups. Conclusions: Our conservative management criteria for RAA are justifiable and even too strict. More loose criteria will be pursued in conservative group selection.

Purpose: Successful kidney transplantation (KTx) can ameliorate bodily damage caused by end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Arterial stiffness (AS) is one of the critical factors, that shorten the survival of patients due to cardiovascular events. KTx may reduce AS as well; however, this has not been investigated well. We therefore conducted a retrospective study using non-invasive pulse wave velocity (PWV), which is a useful index of aortic damage. Patients and methods: Fifty-eight consecutive kidney recipients (34 men, 24 women) were enrolled in this study. Mean age at transplantation was 40.5±12.3 years and the dialysis period was 73.1±95.8 months. The brachial-ankle PWV was measured preoperatively and six months postoperatively. First, we investigated the relationship between the PWV and the other parameters related to AS. Second, we studied the pre- to post-transplant change in PWV to evaluate the amelioration of AS after successful kidney transplantation. Results: PWV showed significant positive correlations with age, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP and abdominal aortic calcification index. After successful KTx, PWV significantly decreased. (P < 0.01) In addition, systolic and diastolic BP significantly decreased. (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) Conclusion: Successful KTx ameliorates AS in ESRD patients. This might explain the improved cardiovascular prognosis of ESRD patients who undergo kidney transplantation.

Background: Spontaneous rupture risk in renal artery aneurysm (RAA) is extremely low. Indication criteria for surgical repair of RAA remain uncertain. Objective: Long-term outcomes of conservative therapy and surgical repair were evaluated. Patients: The study included fifty-eight patients (17 male, 41 female) diagnosed with RAA during the last 21 years. Median age at the time of diagnosis was 62 (19-85) years old, and the median follow-up period was 69 (3-216) months. Methods: The patients were divided into two groups; conservative group (n = 30) who had been followed up with blood pressure control, and treatment group (n = 29), who underwent intervention. Results: Multiple efferent aneurysmal branches were found in seven conservative cases and 16 treatment cases (P = 0.002). The median maximum diameter of aneurysm was lower in conservative group than in the treatment group (15 versus 25 mm, P = 0.005). Two cases in conservative group showed increase in aneurysm size during follow-up. Hypertensive state had been essentially no change in both groups during follow-up. Renal function decreased with age similarly both in conservative and treatment groups. Conclusions: Our conservative management criteria for RAA are justifiable and even too strict. More loose criteria will be pursued in conservative group selection.

Background: Spontaneous rupture risk in renal artery aneurysm (RAA) is extremely low. Indication criteria for surgical repair of RAA remain uncertain. Objective: Long-term outcomes of conservative therapy and surgical repair were evaluated. Patients: The study included fifty-eight patients (17 male, 41 female) diagnosed with RAA during the last 21 years. Median age at the time of diagnosis was 62 (19-85) years old, and the median follow-up period was 69 (3-216) months. Methods: The patients were divided into two groups; conservative group (n = 30) who had been followed up with blood pressure control, and treatment group (n = 29), who underwent intervention. Results: Multiple efferent aneurysmal branches were found in seven conservative cases and 16 treatment cases (P = 0.002). The median maximum diameter of aneurysm was lower in conservative group than in the treatment group (15 versus 25 mm, P = 0.005). Two cases in conservative group showed increase in aneurysm size during follow-up. Hypertensive state had been essentially no change in both groups during follow-up. Renal function decreased with age similarly both in conservative and treatment groups. Conclusions: Our conservative management criteria for RAA are justifiable and even too strict. More loose criteria will be pursued in conservative group selection.

Purpose: Successful kidney transplantation (KTx) can ameliorate bodily damage caused by end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Arterial stiffness (AS) is one of the critical factors, that shorten the survival of patients due to cardiovascular events. KTx may reduce AS as well; however, this has not been investigated well. We therefore conducted a retrospective study using non-invasive pulse wave velocity (PWV), which is a useful index of aortic damage. Patients and methods: Fifty-eight consecutive kidney recipients (34 men, 24 women) were enrolled in this study. Mean age at transplantation was 40.5±12.3 years and the dialysis period was 73.1±95.8 months. The brachial-ankle PWV was measured preoperatively and six months postoperatively. First, we investigated the relationship between the PWV and the other parameters related to AS. Second, we studied the pre- to post-transplant change in PWV to evaluate the amelioration of AS after successful kidney transplantation. Results: PWV showed significant positive correlations with age, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP and abdominal aortic calcification index. After successful KTx, PWV significantly decreased. (P < 0.01) In addition, systolic and diastolic BP significantly decreased. (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) Conclusion: Successful KTx ameliorates AS in ESRD patients. This might explain the improved cardiovascular prognosis of ESRD patients who undergo kidney transplantation.