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Down syndrome patients show success rates in dental implants much lower than those observed in the general population. This retrospective case-control study aimed to identify possible genes that are related to the regulation of inflammatory responses and bone metabolism related to periimplantitis and implant loss, as well as genes related to bone quality. This process involved using the functional analysis of the gene expression software Transcriptome Analysis Console (TAC version 4.0 Applied BiosystemsTM, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and a search for possible candidate genes involved. The focus was placed on the 93 genes related to periodontitis, periimplantitis, bone loss, implant loss, and genes related to bone quality and regulators underlying the establishment and maintenance of osseointegration. Five genes showed statistically significant results (p < 0.05) in our comparison. Four of them, IL1B (p = 0.023), IL1RN (p = 0.048), BGLAP (p = 0.0372) and PTK2 (p = 0.0075) were down-regulated in the periodontal disease and implant rejection group, and only one was overexpressed: FOXO1A (p = 0.0552). The genes with statistically significant alterations described in this article determine that the group of Down syndrome patients with periodontal disease and implant failure is a group of patients genetically susceptible to suffering from both conditions together.

Down syndrome patients show success rates in dental implants much lower than those observed in the general population. This retrospective case-control study aimed to identify possible genes that are related to the regulation of inflammatory responses and bone metabolism related to periimplantitis and implant loss, as well as genes related to bone quality. This process involved using the functional analysis of the gene expression software Transcriptome Analysis Console (TAC version 4.0 Applied BiosystemsTM, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and a search for possible candidate genes involved. The focus was placed on the 93 genes related to periodontitis, periimplantitis, bone loss, implant loss, and genes related to bone quality and regulators underlying the establishment and maintenance of osseointegration. Five genes showed statistically significant results (p < 0.05) in our comparison. Four of them, IL1B (p = 0.023), IL1RN (p = 0.048), BGLAP (p = 0.0372) and PTK2 (p = 0.0075) were down-regulated in the periodontal disease and implant rejection group, and only one was overexpressed: FOXO1A (p = 0.0552). The genes with statistically significant alterations described in this article determine that the group of Down syndrome patients with periodontal disease and implant failure is a group of patients genetically susceptible to suffering from both conditions together.

[Background] On certain occasions, oral cancer is preceded by potentially malignant lesions. The degree of dysplasia in Guinea pigs attempts to determine the risk of developing a malignant lesion. The search for genetic mutations, biomarkers, as a more truthful and reproducible diagnostic tool, tries to fill the gaps in the anatomopathological study. In this line, the present retrospective case-control study is based on the detection of known mutations of the NOTCH1 gene in biopsied samples of potentially malignant lesions from 22 patients who attend the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery service of the Virgen del Rocío University Hospital., [Material and methods] DNA extraction after dewaxing of the samples using the Minikit QIAamp DNA FFPE tissue extraction kit with extraction kit (reference 56404) of QIAGEN. Subsequently, with the DNA obtained, 4 amplification reactions were carried out using enzyme polymerase. Before sequencing the samples, they were purified with the ExoSAP-IT for PCR product cleaning kit of the INVITROGEN brand. Finally, to detect somatic mutations in NOTCH1, TaqMan Mutation Detection Assays was used and for the analysis of mutations we worked with the Mutation Detector software., [Results] The mutation for NOTCH1 is not detected, the studied sample does not present the mutation, or it is below the limits of detection of the software., [Conclusions] In the clinical setting of the sample, the NOTCH1 mutation seems to be not very frequent, although NOTCH1 has been described as a gene related to oral cancer in other geographical settings.

Down syndrome patients show success rates in dental implants much lower than those observed in the general population. This retrospective case-control study aimed to identify possible genes that are related to the regulation of inflammatory responses and bone metabolism related to periimplantitis and implant loss, as well as genes related to bone quality. This process involved using the functional analysis of the gene expression software Transcriptome Analysis Console (TAC version 4.0 Applied BiosystemsTM, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and a search for possible candidate genes involved. The focus was placed on the 93 genes related to periodontitis, periimplantitis, bone loss, implant loss, and genes related to bone quality and regulators underlying the establishment and maintenance of osseointegration. Five genes showed statistically significant results (p < 0.05) in our comparison. Four of them, IL1B (p = 0.023), IL1RN (p = 0.048), BGLAP (p = 0.0372) and PTK2 (p = 0.0075) were down-regulated in the periodontal disease and implant rejection group, and only one was overexpressed: FOXO1A (p = 0.0552). The genes with statistically significant alterations described in this article determine that the group of Down syndrome patients with periodontal disease and implant failure is a group of patients genetically susceptible to suffering from both conditions together.

Background: On certain occasions, oral cancer is preceded by potentially malignant lesions. The degree of dysplasia in Guinea pigs attempts to determine the risk of developing a malignant lesion. The search for genetic mutations, biomarkers, as a more truthful and reproducible diagnostic tool, tries to fill the gaps in the anatomopathological study. In this line, the present retrospective case-control study is based on the detection of known mutations of the NOTCH1 gene in biopsied samples of potentially malignant lesions from 22 patients who attend the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery service of the Virgen del Rocío University Hospital. Material and Methods: DNA extraction after dewaxing of the samples using the Minikit QIAamp DNA FFPE tissue extraction kit with extraction kit (reference 56404) of QIAGEN. Subsequently, with the DNA obtained, 4 amplification reactions were carried out using enzyme polymerase. Before sequencing the samples, they were purified with the ExoSAP-IT for PCR product cleaning kit of the INVITROGEN brand. Finally, to detect somatic mutations in NOTCH1, TaqMan Mutation Detection Assays was used and for the analysis of mutations we worked with the Mutation Detector software. Results: the mutation for NOTCH1 is not detected, the studied sample does not present the mutation, or it is below the limits of detection of the software. Conclusions: In the clinical setting of the sample, the NOTCH1 mutation seems to be not very frequent, although NOTCH1 has been described as a gene related to oral cancer in other geographical settings.

In recent decades, illustration in children’s and young adults’ books has become especially important as a communicative and educational element. This has led to a proliferation of illustrated books and albums, as well as to an increase in the number of prizes and awards for them. This development has given the figure of the illustrator greater prominence and serves as an instrument for promotion and visibility, as well as a stimulus to production. Accordingly, the objective of this article is to set out the characteristics of Spanish children’s and young adults’ book awards focused on illustration within the 2000–2020 period, indicating their chronology, their organizers, the illustrators who have received the most awards, the thematic categories that are most commonly represented and the prize types and sums awarded to winners. To this end, a list of 103 Spanish children’s and young adults’ literature awards was compiled; 22 of these are specifically for illustration. The conclusion was reached that Spanish publishers are opting for illustrated books and albums that they themselves have produced. It was also found that such awards have consolidated over time, are normally of an institutional nature and offer small financial sums. Moreover, all kinds of thematic categories are represented in these awards, though fictional prose works clearly predominate, and within this category, awards most commonly go to illustrated albums., En las últimas décadas, la ilustración en los libros infantiles y juveniles ha cobrado especial importancia como elemento comunicativo y educativo. Esto ha supuesto la proliferación de libros y álbumes ilustrados, así como la multiplicación de premios y galardones. Este hecho otorga mayor proyección a la figura del ilustrador, está sirviendo como instrumento de promoción y visibilidad, así como un estímulo a la producción. Por ello, el objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer las características de los premios infantiles y juveniles especializados en ilustración en España, entre el año 2000 y el 2020, mostrar su cronología, quién los convoca, quienes son los ilustradores más premiados, las materias más representadas, la dotación y cuantía de los mismos. Para ello se ha elaborado un listado de 103 premios de literatura infantil y juvenil españoles, de los cuales 22 están especializados en ilustración. Se llega a la conclusión de que los editores están apostando por libros y álbumes ilustrados de producción propia. Además, se trata de premios consolidados en el tiempo, normalmente de tipo institucional, con una dotación económica reducida, en los que están representadas todas las materias, con un predomino claro de la narrativa y dentro de esta, aquellos otorgados al álbum ilustrado.

Metallothioneins (MTs) are low molecular weight cysteine-rich proteins that can bind up to seven zinc ions. Among their numerous functions, MTs appear to act as protectors against oxidative and inflammatory injury. In our first published study, we reported downregulation of the isoforms MT1B (fold distance (FD) −2. 95; p = 0.0024), MT1F (FD −1.72; p = 0.0276), MT1X (FD −3.09; p = 0.0021 ), MT1H (FD −2.39; p = 0.0018), MT1M (FD −2.37; p = 0.0092), MT1L (FD −2. 55 ; p = 0.0048), MT1E (FD −2.71; p = 0.0014), MT2A (FD −2.35; p = 0.0072), MT1G (FD −2.24; p = 0.0118), and MT1A (FD −2.82; p = 0.0023) by comparing Down’s syndrome patients with periodontal disease and implant failure to those without periodontal disease and with a positive progression of their implants. In this gene validation study, we intended to verify the results of our first gene expression analysis. Materials and Methods: In our retrospective case–control study, we performed retrotranscription (RT-qPCR) of 11 RNA-to-cDNA samples using the SuperScript ™ VILO™ kit (50; reference 1,176,605) from Thermo Fisher. We conducted the study using the real-time PCR technique on the q-PCR ViiA 7 platform from Thermo Fisher. We chose the format of the Taqman Array Plate 16 Plus (reference 4,413,261) from Thermo Fisher, which accommodates 12 genes plus four controls (GAPDH, 18S, ACTB, and HPRT1). We conducted the analysis of the plates using the Thermo Fisher Cloud Web Software. Results: The results obtained through gene validation analysis show that in PD+RI+ patients, the genes encoding the isoforms MT1F (FD 0.3; p = 0.039), MT1X (FD 338; p = 0.0078), MT1E (FD 307; p = 0.0358 ), and MT2A (FD 252; p = 0.0428) continue to show downregulation, whereas MT1B (FD 2.75; p = 0.580), MT1H (FD 281; p = 0.152), MT1L (FD 354; p = 0.0965), and MT1G (FD 336; p = 0.0749) no longer show statistically significant results.

Metallothioneins (MTs) are low molecular weight cysteine-rich proteins that can bind up to seven zinc ions. Among their numerous functions, MTs appear to act as protectors against oxidative and inflammatory injury. In our first published study, we reported downregulation of the isoforms MT1B (fold distance (FD) -2. 95; p = 0.0024), MT1F (FD -1.72; p = 0.0276), MT1X (FD -3.09; p = 0.0021), MT1H (FD -2.39; p = 0.0018), MT1M (FD -2.37; p = 0.0092), MT1L (FD -2. 55; p = 0.0048), MT1E (FD -2.71; p = 0.0014), MT2A (FD -2.35; p = 0.0072), MT1G (FD -2.24; p = 0.0118), and MT1A (FD -2.82; p = 0.0023) by comparing Down's syndrome patients with periodontal disease and implant failure to those without periodontal disease and with a positive progression of their implants. In this gene validation study, we intended to verify the results of our first gene expression analysis. Materials and Methods: In our retrospective case-control study, we performed retrotranscription (RT-qPCR) of 11 RNA-to-cDNA samples using the SuperScript™ VILO™ kit (50; reference 1,176,605) from Thermo Fisher. We conducted the study using the real-time PCR technique on the q-PCR ViiA 7 platform from Thermo Fisher. We chose the format of the Taqman Array Plate 16 Plus (reference 4,413,261) from Thermo Fisher, which accommodates 12 genes plus four controls (GAPDH, 18S, ACTB, and HPRT1). We conducted the analysis of the plates using the Thermo Fisher Cloud Web Software. Results: The results obtained through gene validation analysis show that in PD+RI+ patients, the genes encoding the isoforms MT1F (FD 0.3; p = 0.039), MT1X (FD 338; p = 0.0078), MT1E (FD 307; p = 0.0358), and MT2A (FD 252; p = 0.0428) continue to show downregulation, whereas MT1B (FD 2.75; p = 0.580), MT1H (FD 281; p = 0.152), MT1L (FD 354; p = 0.0965), and MT1G (FD 336; p = 0.0749) no longer show statistically significant results.

In recent decades, illustration in children’s and young adults’ books has become especially important as a communicative and educational element. This has led to a proliferation of illustrated books and albums, as well as to an increase in the number of prizes and awards for them. This development has given the figure of the illustrator greater prominence and serves as an instrument for promotion and visibility, as well as a stimulus to production. Accordingly, the objective of this article is to set out the characteristics of Spanish children’s and young adults’ book awards focused on illustration within the 2000–2020 period, indicating their chronology, their organizers, the illustrators who have received the most awards, the thematic categories that are most commonly represented and the prize types and sums awarded to winners. To this end, a list of 103 Spanish children’s and young adults’ literature awards was compiled; 22 of these are specifically for illustration. The conclusion was reached that Spanish publishers are opting for illustrated books and albums that they themselves have produced. It was also found that such awards have consolidated over time, are normally of an institutional nature and offer small financial sums. Moreover, all kinds of thematic categories are represented in these awards, though fictional prose works clearly predominate, and within this category, awards most commonly go to illustrated albums., En las últimas décadas, la ilustración en los libros infantiles y juveniles ha cobrado especial importancia como elemento comunicativo y educativo. Esto ha supuesto la proliferación de libros y álbumes ilustrados, así como la multiplicación de premios y galardones. Este hecho otorga mayor proyección a la figura del ilustrador, está sirviendo como instrumento de promoción y visibilidad, así como un estímulo a la producción. Por ello, el objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer las características de los premios infantiles y juveniles especializados en ilustración en España, entre el año 2000 y el 2020, mostrar su cronología, quién los convoca, quienes son los ilustradores más premiados, las materias más representadas, la dotación y cuantía de los mismos. Para ello se ha elaborado un listado de 103 premios de literatura infantil y juvenil españoles, de los cuales 22 están especializados en ilustración. Se llega a la conclusión de que los editores están apostando por libros y álbumes ilustrados de producción propia. Además, se trata de premios consolidados en el tiempo, normalmente de tipo institucional, con una dotación económica reducida, en los que están representadas todas las materias, con un predomino claro de la narrativa y dentro de esta, aquellos otorgados al álbum ilustrado.

Effective testing is essential to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. Here we report a-proof-of-concept study on hyperspectral image analysis in the visible and near-infrared range for primary screening at the point-of-care of SARS-CoV-2. We apply spectral feature descriptors, partial least square-discriminant analysis, and artificial intelligence to extract information from optical diffuse reflectance measurements from 5 µL fluid samples at pixel, droplet, and patient levels. We discern preparations of engineered lentiviral particles pseudotyped with the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 from those with the G protein of the vesicular stomatitis virus in saline solution and artificial saliva. We report a quantitative analysis of 72 samples of nasopharyngeal exudate in a range of SARS-CoV-2 viral loads, and a descriptive study of another 32 fresh human saliva samples. Sensitivity for classification of exudates was 100% with peak specificity of 87.5% for discernment from PCR-negative but symptomatic cases. Proposed technology is reagent-free, fast, and scalable, and could substantially reduce the number of molecular tests currently required for COVID-19 mass screening strategies even in resource-limited settings.

Background: Cancer is a genetic disease caused by mutations in DNA and epigenetic alterations that control gene expression. The majority of epidermoid carcinomas develop within the fields of epithelial genetic alterations. The mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis of epidermoid carcinoma are as yet unknown; therefore, precise identifica tion of the risk factors is needed. Aim: The main aim of this study is to analyse and identify the emergence of the mutations described in the literature of the p53 gene with regard to the emergence of cancer in a sample of dysplas tic and cancerous lesions in oral cavity mucosa in the population of the south of Spain, in order to determine the presence of said mutations and the percentage of them in our population. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, with a sample size of 22 patients with potentially malignant oral lesions ancillary to biopsy. All were patients, of both sexes, over 18 years of age from the Virgen del Rocío University Hospital with potentially malignant lesions in oral mucosa ancillary to biopsy (leukoplakias, erythroplasias or leukoerythopkias). An anatomopathological study was performed on all the samples and the le sions were divided into three types: low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. In respect of the genome study process, a complete search or scan for mutations in exons 5, 6, 8 and 9 of the p 53 gene was carried out, given that in the IARC database we observed that the 5 and 6 as well as the 8 and 9 exon sizes can be scanned completely in this way, since they have amplificon sizes of 476 and 445 base pairs respectively. Results: In the scan for the complete exons 5, 6, 8 and 9 only a single result of interest was found to be described. In patient NBI 57 a change was observed in the TAT triplet by ATT of EXON 6, the change being of the T nucleotide by the A and in both directions both in Forward and Reverse. The exact location in the NCBI is GR Ch 37 p

The characteristics of six VOD platforms available in Spain are described, analyzed and compared: Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, HBO, Movistar+ Lite, Filmin and Disney +, through a set of forty rubrics, structured in five dimensions: basic information, devices and applications; contents; access and visualization and interaction of users. This analysis provides an overview of the platforms that allows a holistic understanding of the evolution and possibilities of these VOD services. It also offers an exhaustive characterization of each platform and a systematic comparison of its features, showing its strengths and limitations. It is concluded that the contents are the main value to attract customers, but other benefits are also considered, such as the number of devices from which to view or link simultaneously; number of profiles, parental control, browser extensions, registration information, search options and possibilities to rate and recommend content., Se describen, analizan y comparan las características de seis plataformas VOD disponibles en España: Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, HBO, Movistar+ Lite, Filmin y Disney+, mediante un conjunto de cuarenta rúbricas, estructuradas en cinco dimensiones: información básica, dispositivos y aplicaciones; contenidos; acceso y visualización e interacción de los usuarios. Este análisis proporciona una visión de conjunto de las plataformas que permite comprender de forma holística la evolución y las posibilidades de estos servicios VOD. También se ofrece una caracterización exhaustiva de cada plataforma y una comparación sistemática de sus prestaciones, mostrando sus fortalezas y limitaciones. Se concluye que los contenidos son el principal valor para atraer clientes, pero también se consideran otras prestaciones como el número de dispositivos desde los que ver o enlazar de forma simultánea; número de perfiles, control parental, extensiones para navegadores, información sobre altas, opciones de búsqueda y posibilidades para valorar y recomendar contenidos.

Background: Cancer is a genetic disease caused by mutations in DNA and epigenetic alterations that control gene expression. The majority of epidermoid carcinomas develop within the fields of epithelial genetic alterations. The mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis of epidermoid carcinoma are as yet unknown; therefore, precise identifica tion of the risk factors is needed. Aim: The main aim of this study is to analyse and identify the emergence of the mutations described in the literature of the p53 gene with regard to the emergence of cancer in a sample of dysplas tic and cancerous lesions in oral cavity mucosa in the population of the south of Spain, in order to determine the presence of said mutations and the percentage of them in our population. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, with a sample size of 22 patients with potentially malignant oral lesions ancillary to biopsy. All were patients, of both sexes, over 18 years of age from the Virgen del Rocío University Hospital with potentially malignant lesions in oral mucosa ancillary to biopsy (leukoplakias, erythroplasias or leukoerythopkias). An anatomopathological study was performed on all the samples and the le sions were divided into three types: low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. In respect of the genome study process, a complete search or scan for mutations in exons 5, 6, 8 and 9 of the p 53 gene was carried out, given that in the IARC database we observed that the 5 and 6 as well as the 8 and 9 exon sizes can be scanned completely in this way, since they have amplificon sizes of 476 and 445 base pairs respectively. Results: In the scan for the complete exons 5, 6, 8 and 9 only a single result of interest was found to be described. In patient NBI 57 a change was observed in the TAT triplet by ATT of EXON 6, the change being of the T nucleotide by the A and in both directions both in Forward and Reverse. The exact location in the NCBI is GR Ch 37 p

Background: Cancer is a genetic disease caused by mutations in DNA and epigenetic alterations that control gene expression. The majority of epidermoid carcinomas develop within the fields of epithelial genetic alterations. The mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis of epidermoid carcinoma are as yet unknown; therefore, precise identifica tion of the risk factors is needed. Aim: The main aim of this study is to analyse and identify the emergence of the mutations described in the literature of the p53 gene with regard to the emergence of cancer in a sample of dysplas tic and cancerous lesions in oral cavity mucosa in the population of the south of Spain, in order to determine the presence of said mutations and the percentage of them in our population. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, with a sample size of 22 patients with potentially malignant oral lesions ancillary to biopsy. All were patients, of both sexes, over 18 years of age from the Virgen del Rocío University Hospital with potentially malignant lesions in oral mucosa ancillary to biopsy (leukoplakias, erythroplasias or leukoerythopkias). An anatomopathological study was performed on all the samples and the le sions were divided into three types: low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. In respect of the genome study process, a complete search or scan for mutations in exons 5, 6, 8 and 9 of the p 53 gene was carried out, given that in the IARC database we observed that the 5 and 6 as well as the 8 and 9 exon sizes can be scanned completely in this way, since they have amplificon sizes of 476 and 445 base pairs respectively. Results: In the scan for the complete exons 5, 6, 8 and 9 only a single result of interest was found to be described. In patient NBI 57 a change was observed in the TAT triplet by ATT of EXON 6, the change being of the T nucleotide by the A and in both directions both in Forward and Reverse. The exact location in the NCBI is GR Ch 37 p

[Background+ Cancer is a genetic disease caused by mutations in DNA and epigenetic alterations that control gene expression. The majority of epidermoid carcinomas develop within the fields of epithelial genetic alterations. The mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis of epidermoid carcinoma are as yet unknown; therefore, precise identification of the risk factors is needed., [Aim] The main aim of this study is to analyse and identify the emergence of the mutations described in the literature of the p53 gene with regard to the emergence of cancer in a sample of dysplastic and cancerous lesions in oral cavity mucosa in the population of the south of Spain, in order to determine the presence of said mutations and the percentage of them in our population. [Material and Methods] A cross-sectional study was carried out, with a sample size of 22 patients with potentially malignant oral lesions ancillary to biopsy. All were patients, of both sexes, over 18 years of age from the Virgen del Rocío University Hospital with potentially malignant lesions in oral mucosa ancillary to biopsy (leukoplakias, erythroplasias or leukoerythopkias). An anatomopathological study was performed on all the samples and the lesions were divided into three types: low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. In respect of the genome study process, a complete search or scan for mutations in exons 5, 6, 8 and 9 of the p 53 gene was carried out, given that in the IARC database we observed that the 5 and 6 as well as the 8 and 9 exon sizes can be scanned completely in this way, since they have amplificon sizes of 476 and 445 base pairs respectively. [Results] In the scan for the complete exons 5, 6, 8 and 9 only a single result of interest was found to be described. In patient NBI 57 a change was observed in the TAT triplet by ATT of EXON 6, the change being of the T nucleotide by the A and in both directions both in Forward and Reverse. The exact location in the NCBI is GR Ch 37 p13 on chromosome 17, EXON 6 of the P53 gene and the change is in the C.613 T>A nucleotide; NM_000546. [Conclusions] On reviewing this genetic variant in different scientific databases, such as ENSEMBL among others, in at least 6 different biocomputing tools it is described as a pathogen, therefore we can conclude that it is a pathogenic mutation for this case in particu

The presence of oxidative stress, telomere shortening, and apoptosis in polypathological patients (PP) with sarcopenia and frailty remains unknown. Methods: Multicentric prospective observational study in order to assess oxidative stress markers (catalase, glutathione reductase (GR), total antioxidant capacity to reactive oxygen species (TAC-ROS), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)), absolute telomere length (aTL), and apoptosis (DNA fragmentation) in peripheral blood samples of a hospital-based population of PP. Associations of these biomarkers to sarcopenia, frailty, functional status, and 12-month mortality were analyzed. Results: Of the 444 recruited patients, 97 (21.8%), 278 (62.6%), and 80 (18%) were sarcopenic, frail, or both, respectively. Oxidative stress markers (lower TAC-ROS and higher SOD) were significantly enhanced and aTL significantly shortened in patients with sarcopenia, frailty or both syndromes. No evidence of apoptosis was detected in blood leukocytes of any of the patients. Both oxidative stress markers (GR, p = 0.04) and telomere shortening (p = 0.001) were associated to death risk and to less survival days. Conclusions: Oxidative stress markers and telomere length were enhanced and shortened, respectively, in blood samples of polypathological patients with sarcopenia and/or frailty. Both were associated to decreased survival. They could be useful in the clinical practice to assess vulnerable populations with multimorbidity and of potential interest as therapeutic targets.

Peri-implant bone loss leading to dental implant failure does not develop in the same way across subjects who apparently present the same condition—specifically, in the case of Down syndrome patients with the same genetic disorder—given that they do not necessarily develop immune–inflammatory disorders to the same extent. Methods: This retrospective case-control study was aimed at identifying the possible genes involved in implant failure in Down syndrome patients by matching the periodontal disease variable by means of a retrospective case-control study. This process involved using the functional analysis of gene expression software Transcriptome Analysis Console (TAC, Affymetrix, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and a search for the possible candidate genes involved. Focus was placed on the 92 genes related to the inflammation identified from the TaqMan™ Array Plate Human Inflammation Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Results: Six genes showed statistically significant results (p < 0.05) in our comparison. Three of them—PLCG2 (p = 0.0333), ALOX5 (p = 0.03) and LTAH4 (p = 0.0081)—were overexpressed in the implant reject group, and the following three were down-regulated: VCAM1 (p = 0.0182), PLA2G2A (p = 0.0034) and PLA2G10 (p = 0.047). Conclusion: Statistically significant differences exist in the gene expression involved in osteoclastogenesis, inflammatory response and host defensive response.

Peri-implant bone loss leading to dental implant failure does not develop in the same way across subjects who apparently present the same condition—specifically, in the case of Down syndrome patients with the same genetic disorder—given that they do not necessarily develop immune–inflammatory disorders to the same extent. Methods: This retrospective case-control study was aimed at identifying the possible genes involved in implant failure in Down syndrome patients by matching the periodontal disease variable by means of a retrospective case-control study. This process involved using the functional analysis of gene expression software Transcriptome Analysis Console (TAC, Affymetrix, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and a search for the possible candidate genes involved. Focus was placed on the 92 genes related to the inflammation identified from the TaqMan™ Array Plate Human Inflammation Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Results: Six genes showed statistically significant results (p < 0.05) in our comparison. Three of them—PLCG2 (p = 0.0333), ALOX5 (p = 0.03) and LTAH4 (p = 0.0081)—were overexpressed in the implant reject group, and the following three were down-regulated: VCAM1 (p = 0.0182), PLA2G2A (p = 0.0034) and PLA2G10 (p = 0.047). Conclusion: Statistically significant differences exist in the gene expression involved in osteoclastogenesis, inflammatory response and host defensive response.

Writer Roald Dahl is responsiblefor some of the most imaginative stories thatuniversal literature has given us in the 20thcentury. These stories, their characters, andan inimitable style, have created a unique universethat is part of a cultural heritage whichis transmitted from generation to generation.This universe remains in the unconscious ofthe community in the whole world.The reference, direct or indirect, to the worldof music, is one of the resources that the authoruses recurrently and intentionally withdifferent purposes: as a metaphor for socialcriticism, as a resource for dramatization, forpsychological characterization of the character,etc. He does it, moreover, with an in-depthknowledge of the resources that this mediumoffers to literary expression, and of the theoreticalsubstrates of the musical art itself.The present work represents an approximationto the role played by the universe ofsounds in Dahl’s work; from the references inhis work, the creation of operas or musicalsbased on his stories, or the use and identificationsof his compositions as a teaching resourcein training and promoting reading in theearliest stages of education., El escritor Roald Dahl es responsable de muchas de las historias más fascinantes que ha dado la literatura universal en el pasado siglo XX. Estas historias, sus personajes y un estilo inimitable, han creado un universo propio que constituye un acervo cultural que se transmite de generación en generación y que forma parte ya del subconsciente colectivo a nivel mundial.La referencia, directa o indirecta, al mundo de la música, es uno de los recursos que el autor utiliza de manera recurrente e intencionada con distintos fines a lo largo de toda su obra: como metáfora para la crítica social, como recurso de dramatización, de caracterización psicológica del personaje, etc. Lo hace, además, con un profundo conocimiento de los resortes que este medio ofrece a la expresión literaria y de los sustratos teóricos que gobiernan el propio arte musical.El presente trabajo representa una aproximación al papel que desempeña el universo de los sonidos en la obra de Roald Dahl desde el análisis a las propias referencias musicales en su obra. Se estudia de igual manera la influencia de sus textos en relación con la creación de óperas o musicales basados en sus historias, o las composiciones originales inspiradas en sus personajes; pero, sobre todo, pretende suscitar el interés por una relación, la del autor con el arte musical, que subyace y acompaña al autor y a su obra a lo largo de la mayor parte de su vida.

The public library in Spain, in its efforttowards reading promotion, has opted forbook clubs, both in a face-to-face mode and, asin recent years, virtually or within the cloud.The clubs have proved to be, additionally, aseffective tools to constructs groups of peoplethrough the socialization of reading. Should wetake a look at the public library and its clubs,and adapt them to the university environment?Through the analysis of a selection of experiencesdeveloped within Spanish public anduniversity libraries, including the setting up oftwo clubs in a university context framed bythe Research Project “Book clubs as a tool forreading promotion in the academic and schoolenvironment” (Solórzano Barruso FoundationFS / S-2017) from the University of Salamanca,it is concluded that for a virtual reading clubto work it is necessary to plan rigorously, tochoose an appropriate social network that willbe utilized, to previously train the coordinatorand the readers, to energize conversations andto integrate face-to-face experiences in thevirtual club., La biblioteca pública en España ensu labor de promoción lectora ha apostadopor los clubs de lectura, tanto en su modalidadpresencial como, en los últimos años, virtual oen la nube. Los clubs se han revelado, además,herramientas eficaces para cohesionar a gruposde personas a través de la socializaciónde la lectura. ¿Se ha de mirar a la bibliotecapública y a sus clubs, para adaptarlos al ámbitouniversitario?A través del análisis de una selección de experienciasdesarrolladas en bibliotecas públicasy universitarias españolas, entre las quese incluyen la puesta en marcha de dos clubsen el ámbito universitario enmarcados en elProyecto de Investigación “Los clubs de lecturacomo herramienta para la promoción lectora en elámbito académico y escolar” (Fundación SolórzanoBarruso FS/S-2017) de la Universidad deSalamanca, se llega a la conclusión de que paraque un club de lectura virtual funcione, es necesariauna planificación rigurosa, una adecuadaelección de la red social que se vaya a utilizar,la formación previa del coordinador y loslectores, la dinamización de la conversación yla integración de experiencias presenciales en el club virtual.

The presence of oxidative stress, telomere shortening, and apoptosis in polypathological patients (PP) with sarcopenia and frailty remains unknown. Methods: Multicentric prospective observational study in order to assess oxidative stress markers (catalase, glutathione reductase (GR), total antioxidant capacity to reactive oxygen species (TAC-ROS), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)), absolute telomere length (aTL), and apoptosis (DNA fragmentation) in peripheral blood samples of a hospital-based population of PP. Associations of these biomarkers to sarcopenia, frailty, functional status, and 12-month mortality were analyzed. Results: Of the 444 recruited patients, 97 (21.8%), 278 (62.6%), and 80 (18%) were sarcopenic, frail, or both, respectively. Oxidative stress markers (lower TAC-ROS and higher SOD) were significantly enhanced and aTL significantly shortened in patients with sarcopenia, frailty or both syndromes. No evidence of apoptosis was detected in blood leukocytes of any of the patients. Both oxidative stress markers (GR, p = 0.04) and telomere shortening (p = 0.001) were associated to death risk and to less survival days. Conclusions: Oxidative stress markers and telomere length were enhanced and shortened, respectively, in blood samples of polypathological patients with sarcopenia and/or frailty. Both were associated to decreased survival. They could be useful in the clinical practice to assess vulnerable populations with multimorbidity and of potential interest as therapeutic targets.

Peri-implant bone loss leading to dental implant failure does not develop in the same way across subjects who apparently present the same condition—specifically, in the case of Down syndrome patients with the same genetic disorder—given that they do not necessarily develop immune–inflammatory disorders to the same extent. Methods: This retrospective case-control study was aimed at identifying the possible genes involved in implant failure in Down syndrome patients by matching the periodontal disease variable by means of a retrospective case-control study. This process involved using the functional analysis of gene expression software Transcriptome Analysis Console (TAC, Affymetrix, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and a search for the possible candidate genes involved. Focus was placed on the 92 genes related to the inflammation identified from the TaqMan™ Array Plate Human Inflammation Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Results: Six genes showed statistically significant results (p < 0.05) in our comparison. Three of them—PLCG2 (p = 0.0333), ALOX5 (p = 0.03) and LTAH4 (p = 0.0081)—were overexpressed in the implant reject group, and the following three were down-regulated: VCAM1 (p = 0.0182), PLA2G2A (p = 0.0034) and PLA2G10 (p = 0.047). Conclusion: Statistically significant differences exist in the gene expression involved in osteoclastogenesis, inflammatory response and host defensive response.

Peri-implant bone loss leading to dental implant failure does not develop in the same way across subjects who apparently present the same condition—specifically, in the case of Down syndrome patients with the same genetic disorder—given that they do not necessarily develop immune–inflammatory disorders to the same extent. Methods: This retrospective case-control study was aimed at identifying the possible genes involved in implant failure in Down syndrome patients by matching the periodontal disease variable by means of a retrospective case-control study. This process involved using the functional analysis of gene expression software Transcriptome Analysis Console (TAC, Affymetrix, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and a search for the possible candidate genes involved. Focus was placed on the 92 genes related to the inflammation identified from the TaqMan™ Array Plate Human Inflammation Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Results: Six genes showed statistically significant results (p < 0.05) in our comparison. Three of them—PLCG2 (p = 0.0333), ALOX5 (p = 0.03) and LTAH4 (p = 0.0081)—were overexpressed in the implant reject group, and the following three were down-regulated: VCAM1 (p = 0.0182), PLA2G2A (p = 0.0034) and PLA2G10 (p = 0.047). Conclusion: Statistically significant differences exist in the gene expression involved in osteoclastogenesis, inflammatory response and host defensive response.

The public library in Spain, in its efforttowards reading promotion, has opted forbook clubs, both in a face-to-face mode and, asin recent years, virtually or within the cloud.The clubs have proved to be, additionally, aseffective tools to constructs groups of peoplethrough the socialization of reading. Should wetake a look at the public library and its clubs,and adapt them to the university environment?Through the analysis of a selection of experiencesdeveloped within Spanish public anduniversity libraries, including the setting up oftwo clubs in a university context framed bythe Research Project “Book clubs as a tool forreading promotion in the academic and schoolenvironment” (Solórzano Barruso FoundationFS / S-2017) from the University of Salamanca,it is concluded that for a virtual reading clubto work it is necessary to plan rigorously, tochoose an appropriate social network that willbe utilized, to previously train the coordinatorand the readers, to energize conversations andto integrate face-to-face experiences in thevirtual club., La biblioteca pública en España ensu labor de promoción lectora ha apostadopor los clubs de lectura, tanto en su modalidadpresencial como, en los últimos años, virtual oen la nube. Los clubs se han revelado, además,herramientas eficaces para cohesionar a gruposde personas a través de la socializaciónde la lectura. ¿Se ha de mirar a la bibliotecapública y a sus clubs, para adaptarlos al ámbitouniversitario?A través del análisis de una selección de experienciasdesarrolladas en bibliotecas públicasy universitarias españolas, entre las quese incluyen la puesta en marcha de dos clubsen el ámbito universitario enmarcados en elProyecto de Investigación “Los clubs de lecturacomo herramienta para la promoción lectora en elámbito académico y escolar” (Fundación SolórzanoBarruso FS/S-2017) de la Universidad deSalamanca, se llega a la conclusión de que paraque un club de lectura virtual funcione, es necesariauna planificación rigurosa, una adecuadaelección de la red social que se vaya a utilizar,la formación previa del coordinador y loslectores, la dinamización de la conversación yla integración de experiencias presenciales en el club virtual.

Writer Roald Dahl is responsiblefor some of the most imaginative stories thatuniversal literature has given us in the 20thcentury. These stories, their characters, andan inimitable style, have created a unique universethat is part of a cultural heritage whichis transmitted from generation to generation.This universe remains in the unconscious ofthe community in the whole world.The reference, direct or indirect, to the worldof music, is one of the resources that the authoruses recurrently and intentionally withdifferent purposes: as a metaphor for socialcriticism, as a resource for dramatization, forpsychological characterization of the character,etc. He does it, moreover, with an in-depthknowledge of the resources that this mediumoffers to literary expression, and of the theoreticalsubstrates of the musical art itself.The present work represents an approximationto the role played by the universe ofsounds in Dahl’s work; from the references inhis work, the creation of operas or musicalsbased on his stories, or the use and identificationsof his compositions as a teaching resourcein training and promoting reading in theearliest stages of education., El escritor Roald Dahl es responsable de muchas de las historias más fascinantes que ha dado la literatura universal en el pasado siglo XX. Estas historias, sus personajes y un estilo inimitable, han creado un universo propio que constituye un acervo cultural que se transmite de generación en generación y que forma parte ya del subconsciente colectivo a nivel mundial.La referencia, directa o indirecta, al mundo de la música, es uno de los recursos que el autor utiliza de manera recurrente e intencionada con distintos fines a lo largo de toda su obra: como metáfora para la crítica social, como recurso de dramatización, de caracterización psicológica del personaje, etc. Lo hace, además, con un profundo conocimiento de los resortes que este medio ofrece a la expresión literaria y de los sustratos teóricos que gobiernan el propio arte musical.El presente trabajo representa una aproximación al papel que desempeña el universo de los sonidos en la obra de Roald Dahl desde el análisis a las propias referencias musicales en su obra. Se estudia de igual manera la influencia de sus textos en relación con la creación de óperas o musicales basados en sus historias, o las composiciones originales inspiradas en sus personajes; pero, sobre todo, pretende suscitar el interés por una relación, la del autor con el arte musical, que subyace y acompaña al autor y a su obra a lo largo de la mayor parte de su vida.

The presence of oxidative stress, telomere shortening, and apoptosis in polypathological patients (PP) with sarcopenia and frailty remains unknown. Methods: Multicentric prospective observational study in order to assess oxidative stress markers (catalase, glutathione reductase (GR), total antioxidant capacity to reactive oxygen species (TAC-ROS), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)), absolute telomere length (aTL), and apoptosis (DNA fragmentation) in peripheral blood samples of a hospital-based population of PP. Associations of these biomarkers to sarcopenia, frailty, functional status, and 12-month mortality were analyzed. Results: Of the 444 recruited patients, 97 (21.8%), 278 (62.6%), and 80 (18%) were sarcopenic, frail, or both, respectively. Oxidative stress markers (lower TAC-ROS and higher SOD) were significantly enhanced and aTL significantly shortened in patients with sarcopenia, frailty or both syndromes. No evidence of apoptosis was detected in blood leukocytes of any of the patients. Both oxidative stress markers (GR, p = 0.04) and telomere shortening (p = 0.001) were associated to death risk and to less survival days. Conclusions: Oxidative stress markers and telomere length were enhanced and shortened, respectively, in blood samples of polypathological patients with sarcopenia and/or frailty. Both were associated to decreased survival. They could be useful in the clinical practice to assess vulnerable populations with multimorbidity and of potential interest as therapeutic targets.

Peri-implant bone loss leading to dental implant failure does not develop in the same way across subjects who apparently present the same condition—specifically, in the case of Down syndrome patients with the same genetic disorder—given that they do not necessarily develop immune–inflammatory disorders to the same extent. Methods: This retrospective case-control study was aimed at identifying the possible genes involved in implant failure in Down syndrome patients by matching the periodontal disease variable by means of a retrospective case-control study. This process involved using the functional analysis of gene expression software Transcriptome Analysis Console (TAC, Affymetrix, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and a search for the possible candidate genes involved. Focus was placed on the 92 genes related to the inflammation identified from the TaqMan™ Array Plate Human Inflammation Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Results: Six genes showed statistically significant results (p < 0.05) in our comparison. Three of them—PLCG2 (p = 0.0333), ALOX5 (p = 0.03) and LTAH4 (p = 0.0081)—were overexpressed in the implant reject group, and the following three were down-regulated: VCAM1 (p = 0.0182), PLA2G2A (p = 0.0034) and PLA2G10 (p = 0.047). Conclusion: Statistically significant differences exist in the gene expression involved in osteoclastogenesis, inflammatory response and host defensive response.

The presence of oxidative stress, telomere shortening, and apoptosis in polypathological patients (PP) with sarcopenia and frailty remains unknown. Methods: Multicentric prospective observational study in order to assess oxidative stress markers (catalase, glutathione reductase (GR), total antioxidant capacity to reactive oxygen species (TAC-ROS), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)), absolute telomere length (aTL), and apoptosis (DNA fragmentation) in peripheral blood samples of a hospital-based population of PP. Associations of these biomarkers to sarcopenia, frailty, functional status, and 12-month mortality were analyzed. Results: Of the 444 recruited patients, 97 (21.8%), 278 (62.6%), and 80 (18%) were sarcopenic, frail, or both, respectively. Oxidative stress markers (lower TAC-ROS and higher SOD) were significantly enhanced and aTL significantly shortened in patients with sarcopenia, frailty or both syndromes. No evidence of apoptosis was detected in blood leukocytes of any of the patients. Both oxidative stress markers (GR, p = 0.04) and telomere shortening (p = 0.001) were associated to death risk and to less survival days. Conclusions: Oxidative stress markers and telomere length were enhanced and shortened, respectively, in blood samples of polypathological patients with sarcopenia and/or frailty. Both were associated to decreased survival. They could be useful in the clinical practice to assess vulnerable populations with multimorbidity and of potential interest as therapeutic targets.

Writer Roald Dahl is responsiblefor some of the most imaginative stories thatuniversal literature has given us in the 20thcentury. These stories, their characters, andan inimitable style, have created a unique universethat is part of a cultural heritage whichis transmitted from generation to generation.This universe remains in the unconscious ofthe community in the whole world.The reference, direct or indirect, to the worldof music, is one of the resources that the authoruses recurrently and intentionally withdifferent purposes: as a metaphor for socialcriticism, as a resource for dramatization, forpsychological characterization of the character,etc. He does it, moreover, with an in-depthknowledge of the resources that this mediumoffers to literary expression, and of the theoreticalsubstrates of the musical art itself.The present work represents an approximationto the role played by the universe ofsounds in Dahl’s work; from the references inhis work, the creation of operas or musicalsbased on his stories, or the use and identificationsof his compositions as a teaching resourcein training and promoting reading in theearliest stages of education., El escritor Roald Dahl es responsable de muchas de las historias más fascinantes que ha dado la literatura universal en el pasado siglo XX. Estas historias, sus personajes y un estilo inimitable, han creado un universo propio que constituye un acervo cultural que se transmite de generación en generación y que forma parte ya del subconsciente colectivo a nivel mundial.La referencia, directa o indirecta, al mundo de la música, es uno de los recursos que el autor utiliza de manera recurrente e intencionada con distintos fines a lo largo de toda su obra: como metáfora para la crítica social, como recurso de dramatización, de caracterización psicológica del personaje, etc. Lo hace, además, con un profundo conocimiento de los resortes que este medio ofrece a la expresión literaria y de los sustratos teóricos que gobiernan el propio arte musical.El presente trabajo representa una aproximación al papel que desempeña el universo de los sonidos en la obra de Roald Dahl desde el análisis a las propias referencias musicales en su obra. Se estudia de igual manera la influencia de sus textos en relación con la creación de óperas o musicales basados en sus historias, o las composiciones originales inspiradas en sus personajes; pero, sobre todo, pretende suscitar el interés por una relación, la del autor con el arte musical, que subyace y acompaña al autor y a su obra a lo largo de la mayor parte de su vida.

The public library in Spain, in its efforttowards reading promotion, has opted forbook clubs, both in a face-to-face mode and, asin recent years, virtually or within the cloud.The clubs have proved to be, additionally, aseffective tools to constructs groups of peoplethrough the socialization of reading. Should wetake a look at the public library and its clubs,and adapt them to the university environment?Through the analysis of a selection of experiencesdeveloped within Spanish public anduniversity libraries, including the setting up oftwo clubs in a university context framed bythe Research Project “Book clubs as a tool forreading promotion in the academic and schoolenvironment” (Solórzano Barruso FoundationFS / S-2017) from the University of Salamanca,it is concluded that for a virtual reading clubto work it is necessary to plan rigorously, tochoose an appropriate social network that willbe utilized, to previously train the coordinatorand the readers, to energize conversations andto integrate face-to-face experiences in thevirtual club., La biblioteca pública en España ensu labor de promoción lectora ha apostadopor los clubs de lectura, tanto en su modalidadpresencial como, en los últimos años, virtual oen la nube. Los clubs se han revelado, además,herramientas eficaces para cohesionar a gruposde personas a través de la socializaciónde la lectura. ¿Se ha de mirar a la bibliotecapública y a sus clubs, para adaptarlos al ámbitouniversitario?A través del análisis de una selección de experienciasdesarrolladas en bibliotecas públicasy universitarias españolas, entre las quese incluyen la puesta en marcha de dos clubsen el ámbito universitario enmarcados en elProyecto de Investigación “Los clubs de lecturacomo herramienta para la promoción lectora en elámbito académico y escolar” (Fundación SolórzanoBarruso FS/S-2017) de la Universidad deSalamanca, se llega a la conclusión de que paraque un club de lectura virtual funcione, es necesariauna planificación rigurosa, una adecuadaelección de la red social que se vaya a utilizar,la formación previa del coordinador y loslectores, la dinamización de la conversación yla integración de experiencias presenciales en el club virtual.

Background: Sometimes dental implants seem to be the only therapeutic alternative for the oral rehabilitation of patients with Down syndrome, given that they usually lose all their teeth early due to suffering aggressive periodontitis and they do not usually have the skills required to wear removable prostheses. However, the evolution of dental implants in these patients shows very adverse results. It is possible that basal genetic alterations, or at least some characteristics of these, may underlie these clinical results. The metabolic pathway of metallothioneins, molecules with an important influence on bone metabolism, could be one of the said alterations. Aims: To determine whether the expression of metallothioneins (MTs) and their metabolic pathway may be identified and related to the periodontitis and lack of osseointegration of dental implants in Down syndrome patients. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of cases and controls by comparing patients with Down syndrome, periodontal disease, and implant failure (four patients, test group) with patients with Down syndrome, without periodontal disease, and without implant failure after two years of following (seven patients, control group), by extracting peripheral blood at the time of the dental examination to extract RNA and its subsequent processing in relation to gene expression of the metabolic pathway of metallothioneins. Results: The results identified low expression in the group of patients with periodontal disease and implant failure of genes MT1E, MT1H, MT1X, MT1A, MT1B, MT1C, MT1L, MT2A, MT1M, and MT1G. Conclusions: The low MT1 and MT2 gene expression seems to be related to the onset of periodontal disease and implant rejection in Down syndrome patients, although more data are required to confirm whether this relationship is due to one of the two conditions, to both independently, or to the two jointly—this last option being indicated by our current study

Background: Sometimes dental implants seem to be the only therapeutic alternative for the oral rehabilitation of patients with Down syndrome, given that they usually lose all their teeth early due to suffering aggressive periodontitis and they do not usually have the skills required to wear removable prostheses. However, the evolution of dental implants in these patients shows very adverse results. It is possible that basal genetic alterations, or at least some characteristics of these, may underlie these clinical results. The metabolic pathway of metallothioneins, molecules with an important influence on bone metabolism, could be one of the said alterations. Aims: To determine whether the expression of metallothioneins (MTs) and their metabolic pathway may be identified and related to the periodontitis and lack of osseointegration of dental implants in Down syndrome patients. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of cases and controls by comparing patients with Down syndrome, periodontal disease, and implant failure (four patients, test group) with patients with Down syndrome, without periodontal disease, and without implant failure after two years of following (seven patients, control group), by extracting peripheral blood at the time of the dental examination to extract RNA and its subsequent processing in relation to gene expression of the metabolic pathway of metallothioneins. Results: The results identified low expression in the group of patients with periodontal disease and implant failure of genes MT1E, MT1H, MT1X, MT1A, MT1B, MT1C, MT1L, MT2A, MT1M, and MT1G. Conclusions: The low MT1 and MT2 gene expression seems to be related to the onset of periodontal disease and implant rejection in Down syndrome patients, although more data are required to confirm whether this relationship is due to one of the two conditions, to both independently, or to the two jointly—this last option being indicated by our current study

The context in which today's reading develops shows how digital content is increasingly present and, therefore, how mediation in reading has to take digital tools and content into account. To be able to do mediation in digital reading in the best conditions it is necessary to have a set of specific competences, which in the case of librarians can acquire in the university. The article shows how the acquisition of these competences is carried out at the University of Salamanca through the teaching provided and the activities organized by the Library Science Department of said university, El contexto en el que desarrolla hoy en día la lectura muestra cómo los contenidos digitales cada vez están presentes y, por tanto, cómo la mediación en lectura tiene que tener en cuenta las herramientas y contenidos digitales. Para poder hacer en las mejores condiciones la mediación en lectura digital es necesario tener un conjunto de competencias específicas, que en el caso de los bibliotecarios pueden adquirir en la universidad. En artículo recoge cómo se lleva a cabo la adquisición de dichas competencias en la Universidad de Salamanca a través de la docencia impartida y las actividades organizadas por el Departamento de Biblioteconomía y documentación de dicha universidad.

The translation of reading and writing activity from the printed paradigm to the digital one transcends aspects such as the layout and presentation of the text, the new reading habits, or the new forms of edition and publication. More transcendently, they affect the assignment of new competencies within the more archetypal roles of the printed tradition such as the roles of the author and the reader; figures traditionally constrained to the production and reception of the text. The development of the so-called social networks provides a new medium, with an important democratizing factor and the revaluation of talent, which opens up new possibilities for this area of activity. These virtual spaces establish new mechanisms for the construction of identity and the social projection of writer and reader that imply the establishment of new genres or the ascription to new roles. This work aims to approach the implications that social networks bring to digital reading and writing. From new genres and new roles, to the different strategies that authors and readers use for the construction and projection of their virtual alter ego., La traslación de la actividad lecto-escritora del paradigma impreso al digital trasciende aspectos como la disposición y presentación del texto, los nuevos procesos de lectura, o las nuevas formas de edición y publicación. De manera más trascendente, afectan a la asignación de nuevas competencias dentro de los roles más arquetípicos de la tradición impresa como son la figura del autor y del lector; figuras tradicionalmente limitadas a la producción y recepción del texto. El desarrollo de las redes sociales propone un nuevo medio, con un importante factor democratizador y de revalorización del talento, que abre nuevas posibilidades a esta actividad. Estos espacios virtuales establecen nuevos mecanismos para la construcción identitaria y la proyección social de escritor y lector que implican el establecimiento de nuevos géneros o la adscripción a nuevos roles. El presente trabajo pretende una aproximación a las implicaciones que las redes sociales aportan a la lectura y escritura digital. Desde los nuevos géneros o los nuevos roles, hasta las distintas estrategias que los autores y lectores adoptan para la construcción y proyección de su alter ego virtual.

Background: Sometimes dental implants seem to be the only therapeutic alternative for the oral rehabilitation of patients with Down syndrome, given that they usually lose all their teeth early due to suffering aggressive periodontitis and they do not usually have the skills required to wear removable prostheses. However, the evolution of dental implants in these patients shows very adverse results. It is possible that basal genetic alterations, or at least some characteristics of these, may underlie these clinical results. The metabolic pathway of metallothioneins, molecules with an important influence on bone metabolism, could be one of the said alterations. Aims: To determine whether the expression of metallothioneins (MTs) and their metabolic pathway may be identified and related to the periodontitis and lack of osseointegration of dental implants in Down syndrome patients. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of cases and controls by comparing patients with Down syndrome, periodontal disease, and implant failure (four patients, test group) with patients with Down syndrome, without periodontal disease, and without implant failure after two years of following (seven patients, control group), by extracting peripheral blood at the time of the dental examination to extract RNA and its subsequent processing in relation to gene expression of the metabolic pathway of metallothioneins. Results: The results identified low expression in the group of patients with periodontal disease and implant failure of genes MT1E, MT1H, MT1X, MT1A, MT1B, MT1C, MT1L, MT2A, MT1M, and MT1G. Conclusions: The low MT1 and MT2 gene expression seems to be related to the onset of periodontal disease and implant rejection in Down syndrome patients, although more data are required to confirm whether this relationship is due to one of the two conditions, to both independently, or to the two jointly—this last option being indicated by our current study

The context in which today's reading develops shows how digital content is increasingly present and, therefore, how mediation in reading has to take digital tools and content into account. To be able to do mediation in digital reading in the best conditions it is necessary to have a set of specific competences, which in the case of librarians can acquire in the university. The article shows how the acquisition of these competences is carried out at the University of Salamanca through the teaching provided and the activities organized by the Library Science Department of said university, El contexto en el que desarrolla hoy en día la lectura muestra cómo los contenidos digitales cada vez están presentes y, por tanto, cómo la mediación en lectura tiene que tener en cuenta las herramientas y contenidos digitales. Para poder hacer en las mejores condiciones la mediación en lectura digital es necesario tener un conjunto de competencias específicas, que en el caso de los bibliotecarios pueden adquirir en la universidad. En artículo recoge cómo se lleva a cabo la adquisición de dichas competencias en la Universidad de Salamanca a través de la docencia impartida y las actividades organizadas por el Departamento de Biblioteconomía y documentación de dicha universidad.

The translation of reading and writing activity from the printed paradigm to the digital one transcends aspects such as the layout and presentation of the text, the new reading habits, or the new forms of edition and publication. More transcendently, they affect the assignment of new competencies within the more archetypal roles of the printed tradition such as the roles of the author and the reader; figures traditionally constrained to the production and reception of the text. The development of the so-called social networks provides a new medium, with an important democratizing factor and the revaluation of talent, which opens up new possibilities for this area of activity. These virtual spaces establish new mechanisms for the construction of identity and the social projection of writer and reader that imply the establishment of new genres or the ascription to new roles. This work aims to approach the implications that social networks bring to digital reading and writing. From new genres and new roles, to the different strategies that authors and readers use for the construction and projection of their virtual alter ego., La traslación de la actividad lecto-escritora del paradigma impreso al digital trasciende aspectos como la disposición y presentación del texto, los nuevos procesos de lectura, o las nuevas formas de edición y publicación. De manera más trascendente, afectan a la asignación de nuevas competencias dentro de los roles más arquetípicos de la tradición impresa como son la figura del autor y del lector; figuras tradicionalmente limitadas a la producción y recepción del texto. El desarrollo de las redes sociales propone un nuevo medio, con un importante factor democratizador y de revalorización del talento, que abre nuevas posibilidades a esta actividad. Estos espacios virtuales establecen nuevos mecanismos para la construcción identitaria y la proyección social de escritor y lector que implican el establecimiento de nuevos géneros o la adscripción a nuevos roles. El presente trabajo pretende una aproximación a las implicaciones que las redes sociales aportan a la lectura y escritura digital. Desde los nuevos géneros o los nuevos roles, hasta las distintas estrategias que los autores y lectores adoptan para la construcción y proyección de su alter ego virtual.

Background: Sometimes dental implants seem to be the only therapeutic alternative for the oral rehabilitation of patients with Down syndrome, given that they usually lose all their teeth early due to suffering aggressive periodontitis and they do not usually have the skills required to wear removable prostheses. However, the evolution of dental implants in these patients shows very adverse results. It is possible that basal genetic alterations, or at least some characteristics of these, may underlie these clinical results. The metabolic pathway of metallothioneins, molecules with an important influence on bone metabolism, could be one of the said alterations. Aims: To determine whether the expression of metallothioneins (MTs) and their metabolic pathway may be identified and related to the periodontitis and lack of osseointegration of dental implants in Down syndrome patients. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of cases and controls by comparing patients with Down syndrome, periodontal disease, and implant failure (four patients, test group) with patients with Down syndrome, without periodontal disease, and without implant failure after two years of following (seven patients, control group), by extracting peripheral blood at the time of the dental examination to extract RNA and its subsequent processing in relation to gene expression of the metabolic pathway of metallothioneins. Results: The results identified low expression in the group of patients with periodontal disease and implant failure of genes MT1E, MT1H, MT1X, MT1A, MT1B, MT1C, MT1L, MT2A, MT1M, and MT1G. Conclusions: The low MT1 and MT2 gene expression seems to be related to the onset of periodontal disease and implant rejection in Down syndrome patients, although more data are required to confirm whether this relationship is due to one of the two conditions, to both independently, or to the two jointly—this last option being indicated by our current study

Background: Sometimes dental implants seem to be the only therapeutic alternative for the oral rehabilitation of patients with Down syndrome, given that they usually lose all their teeth early due to suffering aggressive periodontitis and they do not usually have the skills required to wear removable prostheses. However, the evolution of dental implants in these patients shows very adverse results. It is possible that basal genetic alterations, or at least some characteristics of these, may underlie these clinical results. The metabolic pathway of metallothioneins, molecules with an important influence on bone metabolism, could be one of the said alterations. Aims: To determine whether the expression of metallothioneins (MTs) and their metabolic pathway may be identified and related to the periodontitis and lack of osseointegration of dental implants in Down syndrome patients. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of cases and controls by comparing patients with Down syndrome, periodontal disease, and implant failure (four patients, test group) with patients with Down syndrome, without periodontal disease, and without implant failure after two years of following (seven patients, control group), by extracting peripheral blood at the time of the dental examination to extract RNA and its subsequent processing in relation to gene expression of the metabolic pathway of metallothioneins. Results: The results identified low expression in the group of patients with periodontal disease and implant failure of genes MT1E, MT1H, MT1X, MT1A, MT1B, MT1C, MT1L, MT2A, MT1M, and MT1G. Conclusions: The low MT1 and MT2 gene expression seems to be related to the onset of periodontal disease and implant rejection in Down syndrome patients, although more data are required to confirm whether this relationship is due to one of the two conditions, to both independently, or to the two jointly—this last option being indicated by our current study

[Aim] Aware that Down Syndrome patients present among their clinical characteristics impaired immunity, the aim of this study is to identify the statistically significant differences in inflammation-related gene expression by comparing Down Syndrome patients with Periodontal Disease (DS+PD+) with Down Syndrome patients without Periodontal Disease (DS+PD-), and their relationship with periodontitis as a chronic oral inflammatory clinical feature., [Materials and Methods] Case study and controls on eleven Down Syndrome patients (DS+PD+ vs. DS+PD-). RNA was extracted from peripheral blood using a Qiagen PAXgene Blood miRNA Kit when performing an oral examination. A search for candidate genes (92 selected) was undertaken on the total genes obtained using a Scientific GeneChip® Scanner 3000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and Clariom S solutions for human, mouse, and rat chips, with more than 20,000 genes annotated for measuring expression levels., [Results] Of the 92 inflammation-related genes taken initially, four genes showed a differential expression across both groups with a value of <0.05 from the data obtained using RNA processing of the patient sample. Said genes were TNFSF13B (), ITGB2 (), ANXA3 (), and ANXA5 ()., [Conclusions] There are differences in inflammation-related gene expression in Down Syndrome patients when comparing patients who present a state of chronic oral inflammation with patients with negative rates of periodontal disease.

Background: Sometimes dental implants seem to be the only therapeutic alternative for the oral rehabilitation of patients with Down syndrome, given that they usually lose all their teeth early due to suffering aggressive periodontitis and they do not usually have the skills required to wear removable prostheses. However, the evolution of dental implants in these patients shows very adverse results. It is possible that basal genetic alterations, or at least some characteristics of these, may underlie these clinical results. The metabolic pathway of metallothioneins, molecules with an important influence on bone metabolism, could be one of the said alterations. Aims: To determine whether the expression of metallothioneins (MTs) and their metabolic pathway may be identified and related to the periodontitis and lack of osseointegration of dental implants in Down syndrome patients. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of cases and controls by comparing patients with Down syndrome, periodontal disease, and implant failure (four patients, test group) with patients with Down syndrome, without periodontal disease, and without implant failure after two years of following (seven patients, control group), by extracting peripheral blood at the time of the dental examination to extract RNA and its subsequent processing in relation to gene expression of the metabolic pathway of metallothioneins. Results: The results identified low expression in the group of patients with periodontal disease and implant failure of genes MT1E, MT1H, MT1X, MT1A, MT1B, MT1C, MT1L, MT2A, MT1M, and MT1G. Conclusions: The low MT1 and MT2 gene expression seems to be related to the onset of periodontal disease and implant rejection in Down syndrome patients, although more data are required to confirm whether this relationship is due to one of the two conditions, to both independently, or to the two jointly—this last option being indicated by our current study.

Book clubs are one of the most effective ways to get new readers and to keep them. This is true even for online ones as long as they are designed, organized, managed and dynamized in the right way. This article analyzes a selection of online book clubs offered by Spanish libraries in order to point out the main aspects in their management. Furthermore, they are classified according to the medium or forum of conversation in which they are made and the book club in Nubeteca, a project of Fundación Germán Sánchez Ruipérez and Diputación de Badajoz, is included as a model.., Los clubs de lectura son una de las herramientas más eficaces para conseguir y fidelizar lectores y esta afirmación se cumple también en los denominados virtuales, siempre y cuando, se diseñen, organicen, gestionen y dinamicen de la manera adecuada. El presente artículo analiza una selección de clubs de lectura virtuales puestos en marcha desde las bibliotecas españolas, con el fin de señalar los aspectos esenciales a tener en cuenta a la hora de su organización. Además se realiza una clasificación descriptiva atendiendo al medio o foro de conversación en el que se realizan y se incluye el ejemplo de un club integrado en Nubeteca, proyecto de la Fundación Germán Sánchez Ruipérez y la Diputación de Badajoz.

Book clubs are one of the most effective ways to get new readers and to keep them. This is true even for online ones as long as they are designed, organized, managed and dynamized in the right way. This article analyzes a selection of online book clubs offered by Spanish libraries in order to point out the main aspects in their management. Furthermore, they are classified according to the medium or forum of conversation in which they are made and the book club in Nubeteca, a project of Fundación Germán Sánchez Ruipérez and Diputación de Badajoz, is included as a model.., Los clubs de lectura son una de las herramientas más eficaces para conseguir y fidelizar lectores y esta afirmación se cumple también en los denominados virtuales, siempre y cuando, se diseñen, organicen, gestionen y dinamicen de la manera adecuada. El presente artículo analiza una selección de clubs de lectura virtuales puestos en marcha desde las bibliotecas españolas, con el fin de señalar los aspectos esenciales a tener en cuenta a la hora de su organización. Además se realiza una clasificación descriptiva atendiendo al medio o foro de conversación en el que se realizan y se incluye el ejemplo de un club integrado en Nubeteca, proyecto de la Fundación Germán Sánchez Ruipérez y la Diputación de Badajoz.

The Germán Sánchez Ruipérez Foundation performed between 2009 and 2014 an important research in the field of digital reading: the Territorio Ebook program. The research involved almost 300 readers, with age between 9 and 75 years, as well as librarians, authors and researchers from the University of Salamanca, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca and the University of Granada. One of the goals of this research was the elaboration of an ethnography of the digital reader of public libraries in Spain. Nonetheless in contrasting with others researches done in different countries, it is possible to extrapolate its results beyond its borders. In this article was expose one of the various nuances of the Territory Ebook program, the research distributed by age. It is proposed a comparative study between the results achieved by the Germán Sánchez Ruipérez Foundation according to each age group and research carried out in other places with this same variant. The conclusion is the effectiveness of thoroughly investigate all groups of readers, taking into account that each has specific characteristics that lead to different results, La Fundación Germán Sánchez Ruipérez realizó entre los años 2009 y 2014 una importante experiencia de investigación en el ámbito de la lectura digital: el programa Territorio Ebook. En ella estuvieron involucrados cerca de 300 lectores entre 9 y 75 años, además de bibliotecarios, autores e investigadores de la Universidad de Salamanca, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca y Universidad de Granada. Entre los objetivos de este programa estuvo el de elaborar una etnografía del lector digital de las bibliotecas públicas de España, pero su alcance fue mayor ya que al contrastar estas investigaciones con otras hechas en diferentes países, es posible extrapolar sus resultados más allá de sus fronteras. En este artículo destaca uno de los diversos matices del programa Territorio Ebook, la investigación distribuida por grupos de edad. Se propone un estudio comparativo entre los resultados alcanzados por la Fundación Germán Sánchez Ruipérez según cada grupo de edad e investigaciones realizadas en otros lugares con esta misma variante. Como conclusión destaca la eficacia de investigar en profundidad todos los grupos de lectores, teniendo en cuenta que cada uno tiene características específicas que conducen a diferentes resultados.

In the development of the digital reading a series of factors come arise, among them some questions such as the technological evolution of some devices or the development of numerous applications that make reading easier at the same time that they produce changes on reading habits, as it is shown on the different reports. One of this technological developments is related to the design of applications specifically made to read upon the computer’s screen, they are called web reading applications. In this article, we define what reading web applications are, as well as the objectives and the process for the selection, definition and systematization of the parameters used to evaluate reading web applications., En el desarrollo de la lectura digital confluyen una serie de factores que pasan, entre otras cuestiones, por la evolución tecnológica de los dispositivos y el desarrollo de numerosas aplicaciones que facilitan la lectura, al tiempo que, está, provocando cambios en los hábitos de lectura tal y como lo demuestran los diferentes informes. Uno de los desarrollos tecnológicos está relacionado con el diseño de aplicaciones específicas para la lectura en la pantalla del ordenador, son las llamadas aplicaciones de lectura web. En este artí- culo, tras definir qué son las aplicaciones de lectura web se explican los objetivos y el proceso seguido para la selección, definición y sistematización de los parámetros que servirán para la evaluación de las aplicaciones de lectura web.

Writing and reading are funda- mental learnings in the school years, and one of the most important challenges of the teachers.To do this you can use different methodologies, materials and resources among which are the mobile apps that can encourage children to learn to read and write simple, fun and interactive, allowing the kids start in this competency in a playful way.The teachers need to know these development, for instance the article analyze the operating system, business mo- dels, trends more significant, methodology, etc. and proposes a classification of the applications for the learning of reading and writing., La lectoescritura es uno de los aprendizajes fundamentales en la etapa escolar, y uno de los retos más importantes de los maestros. Para ello se pueden utilizar diferentes metodologías, materiales y recursos entre los cuales están las aplicaciones móviles que pueden favorecer que los niños aprendan a leer y escribir de forma sencilla, divertida e interactiva, permitiendo a los más pequeños iniciarse en esta competencia de una forma lúdica. Dado que los profesores necesitan conocer estos desarrollos, el artículo analiza las características relativas a sistema operativo, modelos de negocio, tendencias más significativas, metodología utilizada, etc. y propone una clasificación de las aplicaciones destinadas al aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura.

The Germán Sánchez Ruipérez Foundation performed between 2009 and 2014 an important research in the field of digital reading: the Territorio Ebook program. The research involved almost 300 readers, with age between 9 and 75 years, as well as librarians, authors and researchers from the University of Salamanca, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca and the University of Granada. One of the goals of this research was the elaboration of an ethnography of the digital reader of public libraries in Spain. Nonetheless in contrasting with others researches done in different countries, it is possible to extrapolate its results beyond its borders. In this article was expose one of the various nuances of the Territory Ebook program, the research distributed by age. It is proposed a comparative study between the results achieved by the Germán Sánchez Ruipérez Foundation according to each age group and research carried out in other places with this same variant. The conclusion is the effectiveness of thoroughly investigate all groups of readers, taking into account that each has specific characteristics that lead to different results, La Fundación Germán Sánchez Ruipérez realizó entre los años 2009 y 2014 una importante experiencia de investigación en el ámbito de la lectura digital: el programa Territorio Ebook. En ella estuvieron involucrados cerca de 300 lectores entre 9 y 75 años, además de bibliotecarios, autores e investigadores de la Universidad de Salamanca, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca y Universidad de Granada. Entre los objetivos de este programa estuvo el de elaborar una etnografía del lector digital de las bibliotecas públicas de España, pero su alcance fue mayor ya que al contrastar estas investigaciones con otras hechas en diferentes países, es posible extrapolar sus resultados más allá de sus fronteras. En este artículo destaca uno de los diversos matices del programa Territorio Ebook, la investigación distribuida por grupos de edad. Se propone un estudio comparativo entre los resultados alcanzados por la Fundación Germán Sánchez Ruipérez según cada grupo de edad e investigaciones realizadas en otros lugares con esta misma variante. Como conclusión destaca la eficacia de investigar en profundidad todos los grupos de lectores, teniendo en cuenta que cada uno tiene características específicas que conducen a diferentes resultados.

In the development of the digital reading a series of factors come arise, among them some questions such as the technological evolution of some devices or the development of numerous applications that make reading easier at the same time that they produce changes on reading habits, as it is shown on the different reports. One of this technological developments is related to the design of applications specifically made to read upon the computer’s screen, they are called web reading applications. In this article, we define what reading web applications are, as well as the objectives and the process for the selection, definition and systematization of the parameters used to evaluate reading web applications., En el desarrollo de la lectura digital confluyen una serie de factores que pasan, entre otras cuestiones, por la evolución tecnológica de los dispositivos y el desarrollo de numerosas aplicaciones que facilitan la lectura, al tiempo que, está, provocando cambios en los hábitos de lectura tal y como lo demuestran los diferentes informes. Uno de los desarrollos tecnológicos está relacionado con el diseño de aplicaciones específicas para la lectura en la pantalla del ordenador, son las llamadas aplicaciones de lectura web. En este artí- culo, tras definir qué son las aplicaciones de lectura web se explican los objetivos y el proceso seguido para la selección, definición y sistematización de los parámetros que servirán para la evaluación de las aplicaciones de lectura web.

Writing and reading are funda- mental learnings in the school years, and one of the most important challenges of the teachers.To do this you can use different methodologies, materials and resources among which are the mobile apps that can encourage children to learn to read and write simple, fun and interactive, allowing the kids start in this competency in a playful way.The teachers need to know these development, for instance the article analyze the operating system, business mo- dels, trends more significant, methodology, etc. and proposes a classification of the applications for the learning of reading and writing., La lectoescritura es uno de los aprendizajes fundamentales en la etapa escolar, y uno de los retos más importantes de los maestros. Para ello se pueden utilizar diferentes metodologías, materiales y recursos entre los cuales están las aplicaciones móviles que pueden favorecer que los niños aprendan a leer y escribir de forma sencilla, divertida e interactiva, permitiendo a los más pequeños iniciarse en esta competencia de una forma lúdica. Dado que los profesores necesitan conocer estos desarrollos, el artículo analiza las características relativas a sistema operativo, modelos de negocio, tendencias más significativas, metodología utilizada, etc. y propone una clasificación de las aplicaciones destinadas al aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura.

In the development of the digital reading a series of factors come arise, among them some questions such as the technological evolution of some devices or the development of numerous applications that make reading easier at the same time that they produce changes on reading habits, as it is shown on the different reports. One of this technological developments is related to the design of applications specifically made to read upon the computer’s screen, they are called web reading applications. In this article, we define what reading web applications are, as well as the objectives and the process for the selection, definition and systematization of the parameters used to evaluate reading web applications., En el desarrollo de la lectura digital confluyen una serie de factores que pasan, entre otras cuestiones, por la evolución tecnológica de los dispositivos y el desarrollo de numerosas aplicaciones que facilitan la lectura, al tiempo que, está, provocando cambios en los hábitos de lectura tal y como lo demuestran los diferentes informes. Uno de los desarrollos tecnológicos está relacionado con el diseño de aplicaciones específicas para la lectura en la pantalla del ordenador, son las llamadas aplicaciones de lectura web. En este artí- culo, tras definir qué son las aplicaciones de lectura web se explican los objetivos y el proceso seguido para la selección, definición y sistematización de los parámetros que servirán para la evaluación de las aplicaciones de lectura web.