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Modern malware detection tools rely on special permissions to collect data that can reveal the presence of suspicious software within a machine. Typical data that they collect for this task are the set of system calls, the content of network traffic, file system changes, and API calls. However, giving access to these data to an externally created program means granting the company that created that software complete control over the host machine. This is undesirable for many reasons. In this work, we propose an alternative approach for this task, which relies on easily accessible data, information about system performances (CPU, RAM, disk, and network usage), and does not need high-level permissions to be collected. To investigate the effectiveness of this approach, we collected these data in the form of a multivalued time series and ran a number of malware programs in a suitably devised sandbox. Then – to address the fact that deep learning models need large training sets – we augmented the dataset using a deep learning generative model (a Generative Adversarial Network). Finally, we trained an LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) network to capture the malware behavioral patterns. Our investigation found that this approach, based on easy-to-collect information, is very effective (we achieved 0.99 accuracy), despite the fact that the data used for training the detector are substantially different from the ones specifically targeted for this purpose. The real and synthetic datasets, as well as corresponding source code, are publicly available.

Protactinium is experiencing a renewal of interest in the frame of nuclear reactors based on thorium fuel. The isotopes 233Pa (intermediate in the production of the fissile 233U) and 231Pa (radiotoxic) are namely produced through nuclear reactions on 232Th: Aside from a possible use of thorium as nuclear fuel for energy production, studies on protactinium may provide additional information about the coordination chemistry of light actinides. The literature devoted to protactinium in aqueous solution is characterized by scarce and controversial thermodynamic data that originate from the strong tendency of Pa(V) towards hydrolysis and polymerization especially in non-complexing media. Modeling the behavior of this element in the reactor, in the reprocessing steps, in the geosphere and in physiological medium requires thermodynamic and structural data relevant to these various environments. The present work is the continuation of our previous studies devoted to hydrolysis and complexation of Pa(V) with sulfate ions. The aim is now to collect thermodynamic and structural data on Pa(V) in the presence of oxalic (H2C2O4) and diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic (H5DTPA) acids. The apparent formation constants of Pa(V) complexes with oxalate and DTPA5- were deduced from tracer level experiments using the isotope 233Pa at ~10 12 M. At such low concentration of element, only partition or transport methods based on radiation detection can be used5. In this work, the technique of solvent extraction involving the chelating agent thenoyl-trifluoro-acetone (TTA) was chosen. The aqueous phase was a mixture of NaClO4, HClO4 and H2C2O4 or H5DTPA. The dissociation constants H2C2O4 or H5DTPA were taken from references. Firstly, extraction data, collected at constant ionic strength and temperature allowed to determine the maximum order of Pa(V) complexes, the mean charge of the predominant complex in aqueous phase and the number of TTA molecules per Pa atom in the extracted species. Secondl

Protactinium is experiencing a renewal of interest in the frame of nuclear reactors based on thorium fuel. The isotopes 233Pa (intermediate in the production of the fissile 233U) and 231Pa (radiotoxic) are namely produced through nuclear reactions on 232Th: Aside from a possible use of thorium as nuclear fuel for energy production, studies on protactinium may provide additional information about the coordination chemistry of light actinides. The literature devoted to protactinium in aqueous solution is characterized by scarce and controversial thermodynamic data that originate from the strong tendency of Pa(V) towards hydrolysis and polymerization especially in non-complexing media. Modeling the behavior of this element in the reactor, in the reprocessing steps, in the geosphere and in physiological medium requires thermodynamic and structural data relevant to these various environments. The present work is the continuation of our previous studies devoted to hydrolysis and complexation of Pa(V) with sulfate ions. The aim is now to collect thermodynamic and structural data on Pa(V) in the presence of oxalic (H2C2O4) and diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic (H5DTPA) acids. The apparent formation constants of Pa(V) complexes with oxalate and DTPA5- were deduced from tracer level experiments using the isotope 233Pa at ~10 12 M. At such low concentration of element, only partition or transport methods based on radiation detection can be used5. In this work, the technique of solvent extraction involving the chelating agent thenoyl-trifluoro-acetone (TTA) was chosen. The aqueous phase was a mixture of NaClO4, HClO4 and H2C2O4 or H5DTPA. The dissociation constants H2C2O4 or H5DTPA were taken from references. Firstly, extraction data, collected at constant ionic strength and temperature allowed to determine the maximum order of Pa(V) complexes, the mean charge of the predominant complex in aqueous phase and the number of TTA molecules per Pa atom in the extracted species. Secondl

We report here the first structural characterization of Pa(V) adducts in concentrated sulfuric and hydrofluoric solutions. In sulfuric medium, X ray Absorption Spectroscopic data show that unlike the other early actinide elements as uranium or neptunium, protactinium doesn’t form a transdioxo cation but a monooxo adduct. In contrast, concentrated hydrofluoric medium precludes the formation of any oxo bond.